#Protium

[x-wordx]

[shamnadt]

Protium Smart Home - WiFi Universal Remote with Amazon Alexa Compatibility (IR Blaster, Black)

Price: (as of – Details) Voice Control: Compatible with Alexa and Google Home to voice control your TV, Air Conditioner.APP Control: Control IR appliances with Smartlife App anywhere anytime (Please use 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi). Set up timers to turn on/off appliances at a specific time or customize scenes with multiple devices. Turning your basic home devices into smart devices and making life smarter…

[botanyone]

How Orchid Bees Craft Unique Scents from Non-Floral Sources

How Orchid Bees Craft Unique Scents from Non-Floral Sources https://ift.tt/ErGd8w3 Did you know there are bees out there that couldn’t care less about pollen or nectar? Yes, you read that right! Male orchid bees have a completely different mission: roaming the tropical forests looking for scents. Why? To create their own “designer perfumes,” which they will later show off to impress female bees during unique courtship rituals. But these perfumes aren’t just for show. Each bee’s scent gives a clue about its ability to find rare and unique smells, giving female bees a hint about the male’s skills. But flowers alone don’t do the job as they’re often hard to find, short-lived, and don’t have enough variety to create truly complex fragrances. To expand their repertoire, orchid bees search for smells in unexpected places, like rotting wood, fruits, and even tree wounds. While earlier studies showed that flowers and other smells are essential for these bees, no one had thoroughly studied all the non-floral sources they rely on. So, how do these bees build their unique perfumes? To find out, Jonas Henske and his team conducted a study across different rainforests in Costa Rica, Suriname, French Guiana, and Ecuador. They observed male bees in action, watching where they stopped to collect scents from things like tree bark, decaying wood, and tree sap. The study revealed that orchid bees, especially male bees of Eufriesea corusca, were highly attracted to specific non-floral scent sources. They found 28 non-floral sources that attracted the bees—20 of which attracted males and 7 attracted females—showing that orchid bees use a wide range of materials to create their perfumes. One of the most interesting sources was the Protium tree, which attracted more than 50% of the bees with its strong-smelling sap. Over two years, researchers tracked 45 bees, noting that some returned to the same tree multiple times, with one bee returning 19 days after its first visit. Chemical tests revealed that more than half of the compounds in the bees’ perfumes were found in Protium resin, showing a strong connection between the tree’s scent and the bees’ perfume-making habits. Left: Resin found in Protium heptaphyllum. Photo by Paulo Robson de Souza (Wikicommons). Top-right: Male Eufriesea corusca collecting scent at Protium ravenii. Mid-right: Female Euglossa asarophora collecting resin at Protium ravenii. Bottom-right: Female Euglossa imperialis female collecting resin at Protium sp. Bee pictures taken from Henske et al. (2024). Interestingly, the bees didn’t just stick to one source. Some scents, like methyl cinnamate, appeared in the bees’ perfumes but weren’t found in the Protium resin, suggesting that the bees blend smells from different sources to create unique, species-specific perfumes. These findings show how adaptable orchid bees are when creating their perfumes, proving that male bees can mix scents from different sources depending on what’s available in their environment. Using floral and non-floral sources, these bees can still gather enough appealing scents to attract mates, even when flowers are rare.  READ THE ARTICLE: Henske, J., De Dijn, B. P., & Eltz, T. (2024). Non‐floral scent sources of orchid bees: Observations and significance. Biotropica, e13395. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13395 Victor H. D. Silva Victor H. D. Silva is a biologist passionate about the processes that shape interactions between plants and pollinators. He is currently focused on understanding how plant-pollinator interactions are influenced by urbanisation and how to make urban green areas more pollinator-friendly. For more information, follow him on ResearchGate as Victor H. D. Silva. Portuguese translation by Victor H. D. Silva. The post How Orchid Bees Craft Unique Scents from Non-Floral Sources appeared first on Botany One. via Botany One https://botany.one/ February 05, 2025 at 03:00PM

[somerunner]

Protium: wow. I'm so happy to be one proton. Stable as can be.

Deuterium: I got me a neutron, give it up for one neutron!

Tritium: haha sometimes I feel so jealous of helium but that's normal for a hydrogen right? Like that's just normal.

[artifacts-archive]

Censer, Seated King

Maya

4th century

Incense, in the form of tree resins such as copal (Protium copal), was a key component of ancient Maya rituals, as well as in contemporary rituals of Maya descendants. Ritual practitioners and royal families made offerings of burning incense to communicate with ancestors and deities in the supernatural realm. Maya artists depicted fragrant incense smoke in monumental sculpture and paintings; clouds of smoke were vehicles for ancestors to communicate with the living. This incense burner and others like it may depict ancestors of the rulers who burned incense in their chambers, or they may have been used to venerate a ruler after death, with the sacred smoke encouraging his apotheosis.

source

[mdfinancialservices]

🚀 35 લાખ સુધીની બિઝનેસ લોન માત્ર 3 ડોક્યુમેન્ટથી! | Protium Business Loa...

[govindhtech]

Cadence Debut Millennium M2000 Supercomputer With NVIDIA

Cadence unveils an NVIDIA-accelerated supercomputer at CadenceLIVE, transforming engineering simulation and design.

Silicon Valley CadenceLIVE

At its annual CadenceLIVE Silicon Valley event today, Cadence Design Systems announced a huge development in AI-driven engineering design and scientific simulation through close integration with NVIDIA accelerated computing hardware and software. NVIDIA's newest technology powers the Millennium M2000 Supercomputer, which offers unmatched performance for digital twin simulations, drug discovery, and semiconductor design.

NVIDIA Millennium M2000 Supercomputer

Millennium M2000 Supercomputer surpasses CPU-based predecessor. RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Server Edition GPUs and NVIDIA HGX B200 systems are included. Hardware and optimised software like NVIDIA CUDA-X libraries power the system. This mix of cutting-edge hardware and customised software is touted to produce up to 80x better performance for critical system design, EDA, and biological research tasks than the previous generation. Engineers and academics may now run complex, comprehensive simulations thanks to this speed boost.

This enhanced processing capability should lead to advances in several areas. The Millennium Supercomputer accelerates molecular design, data centre design, circuit modelling, and CFD. that more accurate insights enable faster pharmaceutical, system, and semiconductor development.

It may affect the development of pharmaceuticals, data centres, semiconductors, and autonomous robots. The sources also include Cadence's platform integrations, such as NVIDIA Llama Nemotron reasoning models in the JedAI Platform and NVIDIA BioNeMo NIM microservices in Orion.

CadenceLIVE featured the CEO and founder of NVIDIA and Cadence's president discussing the relationship behind this new supercomputer. Devgan says this discovery has been “years in the making,” requiring Cadence to update its software and NVIDIA to upgrade hardware and systems to take use of the new capabilities. Leaders emphasised cooperative initiatives on digital twins, agentic AI, and AI factories. AI will permeate everything humans do, and “every company will be run better because of AI, or they’ll build better products because of AI.”

NVIDIA aims to buy 10 Millennium Supercomputers based on the GB200 NVL72 architecture, emphasising this relationship. This significant acquisition aims to speed up NVIDIA's chip design processes. Huang said NVIDIA has started developing its data centre infrastructure to prepare for this purchase, calling it a “big deal”.

The sources provide examples of this sophisticated technology's use. NVIDIA engineers utilised Cadence Palladium emulation and Protium prototype systems for chip bring-up and design verification during Blackwell development. However, Cadence modelled aeroplane takeoff and landing fluid dynamics using the Cadence Fidelity CFD Platform and NVIDIA Grace Blackwell-accelerated systems.

The NVIDIA GB200 Grace Blackwell Superchips and Cadence platform completed a “highly complex” simulation in less than 24 hours that would have taken days on a huge CPU cluster with hundreds of thousands of cores. Cadence used NVIDIA Omniverse APIs to display these complicated fluid dynamics.

Integration covers AI infrastructure design and optimisation as well as physical simulations. Cadence uses the NVIDIA Omniverse Blueprint and Cadence Reality Digital Twin Platform for AI industrial digital twins. This connection lets engineering teams employ physically based models to optimise AI factory components like energy, cooling, and networking before construction. This functionality makes next-generation AI factories future-proof and speeds up setup decisions.

Live Silicon Valley 2025

CadenceLIVE Silicon Valley 2025 featured the Millennium M2000 Supercomputer and the wide relationship. At the Santa Clara Convention Centre on May 7, 2025, Cadence users may network with engineers, business leaders, and experts in electrical design and intelligent systems.

Cadence describes LIVE Silicon Valley 2025 as a day of education, networking, and cutting-edge technology. Participants can improve by understanding best practices and practical solutions. Keynote speeches from industry pioneers are a highlight of the event. The Designer Expo showcases cutting-edge concepts and connects attendees with Cadence experts and innovators. It brings brilliant people together for a day of inspiration and creativity.

The Cadence-NVIDIA collaboration, highlighted by the Millennium M2000 Supercomputer and its presentation at CadenceLIVE, seeks to integrate AI and accelerated computing into engineering design and scientific discovery by drastically reducing time and cost and enabling previously unattainable simulation complexity and detail.

[noticiassincensura]

Point for nuclear fusion: technology to obtain its fuel much more easily is ready

Hydrogen is the lightest chemical element in nature. It is characterized by having a single proton in its nucleus and a single electron orbiting around it, although three different isotopes coexist. The most abundant in the universe is protium, and it stands out because it has no neutron in its nucleus. Deuterium, however, has one neutron. And tritium has two neutrons in its nucleus. The first two, protium and deuterium, are stable, while tritium is a slightly radioactive chemical element.

Moreover, the latter is very scarce. Very scarce. It is produced naturally in the upper layers of the atmosphere due to the interaction of cosmic rays and the nuclei of atmospheric gases, but its production is very modest. In fact, only a few kilograms are produced annually in the Earth's atmosphere. So few, in fact, that scientists estimate that we can count them on our fingers.

Interestingly, not all of the tritium that is available on our planet has a natural origin. Atmospheric nuclear tests that took place between the end of World War II and the 1980s have dumped a few tens of kilograms of this isotope into the oceans, and, in addition, CANDU-type nuclear reactors, which are pressurized heavy water devices developed in Canada, also produce it. Each 600 MW reactor generates about 100 g of tritium annually, giving an overall annual output of about 20 kg.

Good news for fusion power Let's move on to tritium before moving on to protium and deuterium. ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor), the experimental nuclear fusion reactor that an international consortium led by the European Union is building in Cadarache, France, will use two isotopes of hydrogen as fuel: deuterium and tritium. The most interesting thing is that the engineers of this fusion reactor have designed a system that will allow it to be self-sufficient in tritium, which, as we have just seen, is the scarcest element.

Astrophysicists have two big questions. They now suspect that dark energy has the answers. Deuterium can be extracted from seawater, but so far the process to isolate it is complex and expensive.

Their solution is very ingenious: tritium will regenerate on the reactor walls because the mantle will be coated with lithium. And this last chemical element, interacting with the high-energy neutron released by the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction, generates a tritium nucleus. ITER physicists and engineers are still working on the reactor's tritium feedback system, but the strategy they have in mind a priori is compelling.

[alekhyasworld]

isotopesofhydrogennotes

[casspurrjoybell-20]

FOOLS IN LOVE - Chapter 7 - Part 1

BOOK THREE: 'Fools Fall in Love' Trilogy

*Warning - Adult Content*

Samuel Moretti

The anxiety that was boiling in my stomach wouldn't go away even after Benjamin and I were seated and Noah went back to being a busboy.

I was trying to hide my fidgeting hands by holding the menu.

Noah and I were over, done with, broken up in every sense of the word.

So why did I feel so guilty?

Whether I was guilty for sitting here with Benjamin in front of Noah or guilty for the way I completely shut down when I saw Noah, I didn't know.

I didn't want Benjamin to think he had anything to worry about, he didn't.

Ben meant so much to me and Noah... he meant... other things.

Complicated things.

"They have so much pasta on their menu, every time I pick one, I see different one I like."

I chuckled for Benjamin's sake but it was a little forced.

I felt like I didn't know how to act.

What was wrong with me?

I should've taken Benjamin's offer to leave.

"Yeah," is all I responded with.

Then I felt his hand touch mine, so I set my menu down.

"This is weird, isn't it? I don't want you to feel uncomfortable."

"I don't want you to feel uncomfortable," I corrected him.

"I don't, I promise. Noah Wright can't ruin my night with you."

I smiled and felt warmth fold over me like a weighted blanket.

"Okay. Um. Have you decided on what you want to eat? I'm thinking either pesto tortellini or baked chicken and ziti."

"Oh, both sound good. You get pesto tortellini and I get baked chicken ziti and we can mooch off each other's?" he offered with a delightful smile.

"Sounds good," I said.

I probably would've been concerned about the calories but Noah working there threw me off and gave me whip lash.

That entire dinner I was distracted and for some reason I had the urge to argue with Noah about anything and nothing.

Why did I feel like this?

But the worst part of my dinner was when Benjamin got up to use the bathroom.

I had a few moments to glance at Noah and I wished I hadn't.

He was at the protium when I looked up at him.

A blonde girl had walked up to Noah.

She said something to him and was about to walk out until Noah pulled her back.

They exchanged some words and then my heart fell the the bottom of my gut when I saw Noah kiss her.

Noah had a girlfriend?

I had no idea.

The blonde didn't go to the party on Saturday, I thought he might've been with the girl with the short black hair.

The blonde looked like a similar person from mine and Noah's past.

His ex-girlfriend Kaitlyn.

The girl Noah was kissing had long, straight blonde hair and a body to kill for.

Maybe Noah really did have a type, blondes.

I looked down at the pasta dinner in front of me, then feeling too nauseous to eat.

"Are you okay?"

I glanced up when I heard Benjamin's voice.

He took his seat.

I put on a smile that said I was fine and the remaining dinner was mostly Benjamin speaking.

********

About a half hour later, I thanked God when I stepped out of that restaurant.

Finally I could breath but even in the car, driving away for Rosemary's, that image of Noah kissing the blonde was burning into my brain.

The only thing I knew to cure my anxiety, Benjamin.

I placed my hand on his thigh while he drove.

'Adore You' by Harry Styles playing in the background from Benjamin's cell-phone plugged into the Aux.

"Ya' know, it's dark out."

Ben chuckled.

"Yes and?"

"And," I slid my hand up towards his crotch.

"What if you pulled over and had some sexy time," I suggested with an innocent grin.

"In the car... in public?" his tone was one of worry.

"Yeah. You never had car sex?" I asked as we stopped at a red light.

"No. I heard it's not very comfortable."

"Well, yeah," I spoke with a teasing 'duh'.

"But the point is it's exciting and in the moment and sexy."

Ben shrugged.

"What if someone sees us..."

"No one will see us, we'll be parked in the back of a dark parking lot," I assured him right as we got the 'go'.

"I'm just not comfortable with that."

My hand slid back into my lap.

"That's okay. I'm sorry, we can just go to my apartment," I decided.

It's not like I was going to force him into something he didn't like to do but Ben only ever liked to have sex in bed.

Which was fine, it just got old sometimes.

"Maybe Kai can join us," I joked for some comic relief but that seemed to make it worse.

"Are you into Kai?" Ben asked in panic, quickly looking at me then back at the road.

"No," I said hastily.

"I mean he's cute but..."

"You think he's cute?"

Wow, I really just dug myself six feet deep.

"No, no. Ben, I was joking about Kai joining us and I'm allowed to find people attractive, that's human nature, not like I'd act on it. Ever. I don't like him, I like you."

I had this burning need to argue with him but instead he told me softly.

"I just don't like hearing that. Maybe don't spend too much time with him."

I laughed until Ben gave me a confused, serious expression.

'Oh my gosh.'

"Kai's my roommate. Platonic roommate who I hardly know and I like you, Ben. A lot."

He took a deep breath then apologized.

"Sorry, that was silly of me to say that. I just feel discombobulated ever since we saw Noah and now I'm freaking myself out about every guy."

"Well, you have no reason to freak out."

"At least now we know not to go back to Rosemary's, which sucks 'cause it's so good but I don't want you seeing Noah ever again."

My chest tightened at my boyfriend's words because I knew what I had to do.

Confess.

"Actually," I started slowly and I waited for Ben to pull into the visitor's parking stop in the lot of my dormitory.

Ben shut off the car then looked at me expectantly, telling me to carry on.

I swallowed, took a deep breath and...

"Noah goes to UIC."

[itsnothingbutluck]

China schafft jetzt gerade das Unglaubliche. Ganze 2 Jahre früher als angekündigt, wird nun der erste Thorium-Reaktor der Welt hochgefahren! (Quelle 1)

Er nutzt Brennstoff, der 350x günstiger als Uran ist, welches in konventionellen Atomkraftwerken genutzt wird. Nach 3 Jahren Stille um das Projekt ist nun überraschend die positive Nachricht da! (Quelle 1, 2)

Die zuständige Aufsichtsbehörde hat den Betrieb des ersten Thoriumreaktors genehmigt. Der Prototyp eines solchen Reaktors entsteht in der Wüste der Provinz Gansu. (Quelle 1, 3)

Thorium-Reaktoren sollen sicherer und günstiger sein als alle alternativen Reaktorsysteme und den Energiebedarf der Erde über 20.000 Jahre decken können. (Quelle 3)

Beeindruckende Angaben. Verpassen wir also gerade die größte Energietechnik-Revolution? Wie funktioniert der Reaktor und wie weit ist die Technik wirklich?

Ist China wirklich meilenweit vor allen anderen Nationen?

Thorium könnte der heilige Gral für die Atomkraft sein.

Thorium weist extrem niedrige Kosten von etwa 250.000 € pro Tonne oder 0,029 €/elektrische MWh auf. Im Vergleich zu Uran mit 10 €/elektrischer MWh ist Thorium etwa 350-mal günstiger! (Quelle 2)

Aber das ist nicht der größte Vorteil an Thorium. Tatsächlich wissen viele nicht, warum Thorium wirklich in den Fokus der Atomkraft-Branche rückt.

Der Umstand, dass es knapp 3x häufiger und vor allem auch auf dem europäischen Kontinent vorhanden ist, ist auch nur ein netter Nebeneffekt. (Quelle 4)

Der Hauptgrund ist die Isotop-Zusammensetzung von Thorium.

Isotope sind Versionen eines chemischen Elements, die sich in der Anzahl ihrer Neutronen unterscheiden. Ein Atomkern besteht, wie wir alle wissen, aus Protonen und Neutronen und in der Hülle des Atoms befinden sich die Elektronen - immer genau so viele wie auch Protonen im Kern vorhanden sind. (Quelle 5)

Jedes Element wird durch die Anzahl seiner Protonen definiert. Daher wird die Anzahl der Protonen auch Ordnungszahl genannt, weil sie nach der Protonenzahl im Periodensystem sortiert werden. Zum Beispiel hat Wasserstoff immer ein Proton, Helium hat immer zwei Protonen, usw. (Quelle 5)

Aber innerhalb eines bestimmten Elements können die Atome eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Neutronen haben. Diese Varianten werden als Isotope bezeichnet.

Ein Beispiel für Isotope sind die drei natürlich vorkommenden Isotope von Wasserstoff: Protium, Deuterium und Tritium. Alle drei haben ein Proton, das sie als Wasserstoff identifiziert. Aber Protium hat kein Neutron, Deuterium hat ein Neutron und Tritium hat zwei Neutronen. (Quelle 5)

[vavaclasses]

NCERT Solutions Atoms and Molecules: Class 9 Science Notes

1. Introduction to Atoms and Molecules:

   - Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter, consisting of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.

   - Molecules are formed when atoms combine chemically. They can be elements (e.g., O2) or compounds (e.g., H2O).

2. Atomic Structure:

   - Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus, with a relative mass of 1.

   - Neutrons: Neutral particles found in the nucleus, with a relative mass of 1.

   - Electrons: Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus in shells, with a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons.

3. Atomic Number and Mass Number:

   - Atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

   - Mass number (A) represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

4. Isotopes:

   - Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

   - Example: Hydrogen has three isotopes - protium (1H), deuterium (2H), and tritium (3H).

5. Molecules:

   - Molecules are formed when atoms of different elements combine chemically in fixed ratios.

   - The smallest unit of a compound that retains its chemical properties is a molecule.

   - Example: Water (H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together.

6. Chemical Formula:

   - A chemical formula represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.

   - The subscript indicates the number of atoms of each element in the molecule.

   - Example: The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2.

7. Valency:

   - Valency is the combining capacity of an element, determined by the number of electrons it needs to gain, lose, or share to achieve a stable configuration.

   - It is represented by a positive or negative sign indicating the number of electrons gained or lost.

   - Example: Sodium (Na) has a valency of +1, while chlorine (Cl) has a valency of -1.

8. Atomic Mass Unit (AMU):

   An atomic mass unit is a unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.

   - It is defined as one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Understanding atoms and molecules is crucial for comprehending the behaviour of matter and chemical reactions in various fields of science, including chemistry and physics.

The Law of Chemical Combination, also known as the Law of Definite Proportions or the Law of Constant Composition, states that the combinationof elements in fixed proportions by mass forms chemical compounds. This means that regardless of the source or method of preparation, a pure compound will always have the same elements combined in the same proportions by mass.

Examples:

1. Water (H2O): Regardless of its source, water always consists of two hydrogen atoms combined with one oxygen atom, in a fixed mass ratio of approximately 1:8.

2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide always contains one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, in a fixed mass ratio of approximately 12:32.

3. Ammonia (NH3): Ammonia consistently comprises one nitrogen atom bonded with three hydrogen atoms, in a fixed mass ratio.

Types of Laws of Chemical Combination:

1. Law of Definite Proportions: This law, as described above, asserts that compounds contain elements in fixed proportions by mass.

2. Law of Multiple Proportions: This law states that when two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in simple whole-number ratios. For example, carbon and oxygen can form both carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), where the mass ratio of oxygen to carbon in carbon dioxide is twice that in carbon monoxide.

These laws provide the foundation for understanding the quantitative relationships in chemical reactions and the composition of substances.

Class 9 Science Dalton's Atomic Theory:

1. Introduction:

   - Dalton's Atomic Theory, proposed by John Dalton in the early 19th century, revolutionized the understanding of the structure of matter.

   - It laid the foundation for modern atomic theory and provided a framework for explaining chemical reactions.

2. Key Postulates:

   - Elements composed of atoms: Dalton proposed that all elements are composed of indivisible particles called atoms. These atoms are identical in mass, size, and properties within each element.

   -Atoms of different elements differ: Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.

   - Atoms combine to form compounds: Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds. This implies that compounds are made up of atoms of different elements in fixed proportions.

   - Chemical reactions involve rearrangement of atoms: In chemical reactions, atoms are neither created nor destroyed but are rearranged to form new compounds. The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products, indicating the conservation of mass.

3. Contributions and Impact:

   - Dalton's theory provided a systematic explanation for the laws of chemical combination, including the Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Definite Proportions.

   - It stimulated further scientific inquiry into the nature of matter, leading to the development of modern atomic theory and the periodic table of elements.

   - Despite some modifications and refinements over time, many aspects of Dalton's theory remain valid and foundational in the field of chemistry.

4. Limitations:

   - Dalton's theory suggested that atoms are indivisible, which was later disproven with the discovery of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.

   - It did not account for isotopes, which are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

   - Dalton's model depicted atoms as solid spheres, lacking the complexity revealed by advancements in atomic structure research.

Dalton's Atomic Theory marked a significant advancement in our understanding of the nature of matter and continues to influence modern chemistry. While some aspects have been revised in light of subsequent discoveries, its core principles remain fundamental to the study of atomic and molecular behaviour.

Difference between Atoms and Molecules

1. Definition:

   -Atom: An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.

   -Molecule: A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound. It consists of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

2. Composition:

   -Atom: An atom is composed of a single type of element. It may contain one or more subatomic particles, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

   -Molecule: A molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together. These atoms may be of the same element (forming a diatomic molecule, such as O2) or different elements (forming a compound, such as H2O).

3. Size:

   -Atom: Atoms are typically smaller in size compared to molecules. They are measured in units such as picometers (pm) or angstroms (Å).

   -Molecule: Molecules are larger compared to atoms due to the presence of multiple atoms bonded together. Their size can vary depending on the types and number of atoms involved.

4. Nature:

   - Atom: Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and cannot be further divided into smaller particles without losing their chemical properties.

   -Molecule: Molecules are formed when atoms chemically combine to share electrons, resulting in stable structures with distinct chemical properties different from those of the constituent atoms.

5. Examples:

   -Atom: Examples of atoms include hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), carbon (C), and iron (Fe).

   -Molecule: Examples of molecules include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), and methane (CH4).

6. Behaviour:

   -Atom: Atoms can exist independently or combine with other atoms to form molecules or compounds.

   -Molecule: Molecules exist as discrete entities and can interact with other molecules through chemical reactions, forming new compounds or undergoing physical changes.

In summary, atoms are the basic units of elements, while molecules are combinations of two or more atoms bonded together, forming the fundamental units of compounds.

[somerunner]

Protium is probably so good at being tium.

Deuterium is probably just as good. The deuteragonist at tium, if you will.

I don't know what tritium's deal is.

[nordseehexe]

Copal Peru - dunkler Copal

Allein in Peru gedeihen 6 Gattungen mit rund 50 verschiedenen Arten der Balsambaumgewächse. Eine exakte botanische Bestimmung macht dieser Umstand beinahe unmöglich, denn die peruanischen Schamanen sammeln das Harz von vielen unterschiedlichen Arten und fügen es zu einer wohlduftenden und heilsamen Mischung zusammen. Alle Balsambäume verkörpern für die Schamanen Perus die heilige Verbindung zwischen Mutter Erde (Pachamama) und den Göttern im Himmel. Die aufsteigende Rauchsäule beim Verräuchern des Copals verstehen die Schamanen als indirekte Kommunikation mit der Geisterwelt, die bei allen Fragen des Lebens um Rat gebeten wird.

Der peruanische Glauben basiert auf einer absoluten Ausgewogenheit zwischen „Schuld“ und Opferungen. Alles, was der Pachamama entnommen wurde (und sei es nur das Ausgraben einer Kartoffel), bedeutet einen Eingriff in die Natur. Durch das ständige, rituelle Verräuchern von Copal, stimmt man die Pachamama milde. Auch die Götter besänftigt man auf diese Weise, um sie nicht zornig zu machen und damit sie die Menschen verschonen, wenn sie die Berge Feuer spucken lassen oder Regen über die Berggötter ausgießen. Die Bewohner der Anden werden als sehr friedliebend empfunden. Sie leben, soweit es Zivilisation und „Fortschrittlichkeit“ zulassen, im Einklang mit der Natur. Sie suchen Schuld nie im Außen, sondern schauen aufgrund ihres tief verwurzelten Glaubens, immer erst bei sich selbst.

Also hier entwirre ich für Dich mal die unterschiedlichen Qualitäten:

unangefochten auf Platz 1: Copal negro (!! Dacryodes peruviana) – voll-balsamisch, frisch-menthol-artig, eindrucksvoll hell, klar, klingt für mich wie eine Zimbel an der perfekten Stelle angeschlagen. Liegt auch nach dem Räuchern noch stundenlang unverändert im Raum.

auf Platz 2: Saumerio (!!Dacryodes peruviana) – etwas herber, die frisch-spritzigen Spitzen schlagen nicht so hoch aus, wenngleich immer noch voll-balsamisch, der Ton den ich beim Räuchern fühle, ist eine Spur tiefer, dunkler, dumpfer. Ich würde sagen, das (Arten-gleiche) Balsambaumgewächs war jünger und ihm fehlt es etwas an Reife, an Fülle, an Volumen?!

auf Platz 3: Copal Peru (Protium heptaphyllum) – er hat auch die Menthol-artige Spritzigkeit, ist jedoch etwas weniger Balsam-lastig. Er legt sich deutlich sanfter, weicher und flüchtiger in den Raum, wenngleich das Aroma immer noch ein Erlebnis ist. Der Klang, den ich beim Räuchern spüre, hat eine andere, immer noch sehr helle, hohe Tonlage.

Das ist keine Skala des Verderbens – alle 3 sind meine absoluten Favoriten im Reich der beeindruckenden Düfte!! Die meisten Copale werden beim Räuchern flüssig. Das Sandbett wirkt hier wie Löschpapier, um die Kohle nicht zu ersticken.

Duftnote Räucherkohle: auf Sandbett: fein-würzig, angenehm aromatisch, leicht und blumig, jedes Körnchen duftet etwas anders, vielfältig, leichter Kräuterduft bis leichte Zitrusnote, Weihrauch-ähnlich

Duftnote Räucherstövchen: auf Sandbett: kurz Menthol-artig frisch, spritzig, würzig, fein aromatisch, sehr langanhaltend, liegt auch später noch ganz leicht und sanftmütig im Raum

Wirkung räuchern: Schamanismus, Heilungsrituale für Mutter Erde, schützend, erhellend, Anrufung der Götter, Achtung, Dankbarkeit und Ehrerbietung allen Lebens und des übergeordnet Göttlichen, öffnet den Geist für Spiritualität – wobei die Wichtigkeit nicht auf die eigene Person gerichtet ist, Opferräucherung

Anlass: Schamanismus, Dankbarkeitsrituale, Opfergabe

Empfehlung: Einzelräucherung oder in Räuchermischungen

Beschaffenheit: Harzstücke und Pulver

Herkunft: Peru

Eigenschaft: Copal schmilzt beim Erhitzen. Legen Sie bitte immer ein Sandbett unter den Räucherstoff, um sein volles Duftvolumen genießen zu können.

[stickypersonawinnersludge]

so excited for my protium bar tomorrow ^^ gonna have it after psychiatry

[prophetsteve59]

THE ORIGINAL! With Prophet Steve, Christ's Anointed Joint-Heir and Slave. An Israelite Indeed.

1. WARNING! Your heating and cooking gas may be dangerously contaminated with toxins.

2. WARNING! Heavy water aka D2O aka Deuterium Oxide may be in our drinking water supply. Sample both tap and bottled water for Deuterium Oxide or heavy water.

Heavy water consumption can cause:

Hindered biological operations that need water.

Slower biochemical reactions that use ŵater.

Different reactivity because Deuterium forms stronger hydrogen bonds than protium (hydrogen).

Potential health effects include:

Cardiovascular disease

Cancer

Cerebrovascular morality

Malformations of central nervous system

Diabetes

Dizziness and low blood pressure

3. The State of Black America.

A. Employment

B. Incarceration

C. These two are related.

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