#Protein-protein interaction

[cbirt]

The molecular surface of a protein is represented in the form of geometric and chemical attributes that create the unique fingerprint for identifying protein interaction. Geometric deep-learning-based algorithms can be used to analyze these fingerprints, which can help researchers design new computational tools to study Protein interactions.

Inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) solely from their structural information remains a major issue in the field of proteomics. The unavailability of tools and techniques to understand the mechanism of protein interaction has been a great hindrance in designing antibodies and regents with an affinity for selected target proteins.

One of the problems faced by researchers studying protein-protein interactions is generating a protein sequence that can bind to the target protein and form a complex structure. The synthesized protein sequence is known as a protein binder. The availability of several tools like AlphaFold has helped researchers design and predict protein-protein interactions to some extent. But protein binder design is a relatively less researched field.

Scientists have tried to overcome this problem by developing a neural network-based tool that considers proteins as surfaces and learns from the geometric and chemical attributes present on the protein surface. It can determine the probability of an interaction between two protein molecules. The recognition of a molecular surface is based on its geometric and chemical constraints, which are interdependent but reciprocal in nature. Geometric constraints result from van der Waals interactions, and chemical constraints arise due to hydrophobic and electrostatics interactions within the protein complex structure.

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[golden--doodler]

These two were so silly in the latest episode, so I had to draw them. I just absolutely loved Jimmy Jr. offering Tina a nugget, so I had to make him even more aggressive about it 😭

[ID]: Digital fanart of Tina Belcher and Jimmy Pesto Jr. from Bob’s Burgers. They can be seen from the waist-up in a lineless style. Jimmy Jr. is leaning slightly forward with one hand on his hip and the other holding a chicken nugget. He has an angry, an almost determined expression on his face. He has short, fluffy red hair, bright green eyes, a bright yellow shirt with a blue vest, and blue shorts. Tina is rolling her eyes with a fond smile on her face. She has short, fluffy black hair, bright blue eyes, a light blue shirt, and a dark blue skirt with a dark purple bow. Her arms are also crossed. She also has large black glasses and a small yellow barrette in her hair. They are standing in front of their school, Wagstaff.

[wayti-blog]

"Researchers at the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) have discovered a new quality control mechanism that regulates energy production in human cells. This process takes place in mitochondria, the power plants of the cell."

"Mitochondria play a central role for cellular metabolism. Therefore, malfunctions of the mitochondria lead to serious, often fatal, heart, muscle or nerve diseases. Mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes, an outer and an inner one, which separate them from the surrounding cell. The final conversion of food into energy takes place in the inner membrane. Proteins are involved in this process.

Central proteins for energy production are formed in the mitochondria, transported to the inner membrane and inserted there. The protein OXA1L is mainly responsible for the insertion of proteins into the membrane, where larger complex structures are formed with other proteins that interact with each other and ensure energy production. How the incorporation and assembly of these structures works in detail has been poorly investigated thus far."

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[chipped-chimera]

FOR THE TIRED PEOPLE: Some new research about Chronic + ADHD(inattentive) related fatigue, and BCAAs

[DISCLAIMER // I AM NOT A DOCTOR. I AM NOT A MEDICAL PRACTITIONER. I AM NOT A DIETICIAN. I'm just a big tired nerd with way too much time on my hands who likes science. I am however, sharing this because this could potentially help others and BCAAs are already safe for human consumption, widely used and easily accessible. If you are uncertain about adding BCAAs to your diet please talk to your doctor first. There are also some medications which interact negatively with BCAA's. Do your research. Also generally be careful about taking medical advice from the internet! ]

I was going to post about something else but I went down the rabbit hole of explaining this study I read and decided that no, this needed it's own thing or it's gonna be a mile long.

So in one of my usual weekly fatigue breakdowns where I was scraping the internet for any kind of information that might point out something I've SURELY missed to explain why I feel the way I do, I stumbled across this study published last year (2022) -

[ The relationship between central fatigue and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder of the inattentive type ]

The TL;DR on the paper - our previous assumptions about the tryptophan-serotonin system might be wrong (tryptophan being the precursor for a bunch of stuff, including melatonin which is the sleepy chemical - aka why people say drink warm milk before bed to help sleep, that's tryptophan) what was previously assumed was reducing tryptophan = bad because it could affect serotonin production.

Testing in rats (so grain of salt here) indicated that higher levels of tryptophan =/= higher levels of serotonin and when reducing the level of free tryptophan in the bloodstream it returned to baseline. High levels of tryptophan were associated with fatigue and inattention, and rats on a tryptophan deficient diet by contrast took longer to reach a state of exhaustion. I'm skipping over a bunch of stuff but basically - research is now pointing to both Chronic Fatigue and ADHD related fatigue being related to Central Nervous System Fatigue which up until now, has only really been associated with the fatigue athletes experience when exercising really hard (now just picture me doing jack shit and feeling like that every day. Yeah). I've only just stared to see bits and pieces pop up about this recently but nothing in relation to this tryptophan study.

Anyway, the thing about BCAAs: BCAAs (Branched Chain Amino Acids) are currently used to reduce the uptake of tryptophan in the brain for better performance in athletes, help with reduction of exercise fatigue (CNS fatigue) and muscle building. You can pretty easily find BCAA's added to protein-shakes or in it's own kind of supplement. It also occurs naturally in some foods (Beef, Chicken, Eggs, Lentils, Chickpeas, Brown Rice etc.) so it is absolutely safe to consume. It's also generally fairly affordable (especially compared to the lengthy process of treatment + medications that might not even work and you have to keep changing them, yes I am talking from personal experience).

Again, this is all very new and absolutely needs so much more research because up until now, no one has really been sure what causes Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, but tests have shown that those suffering CFS demonstrate similar activation of their muscles as fatigued athletes - as in they could activate them but not to their full capacity. This connection is only considered 'possible' and it might take a good few years before we can say anything with certainty.

But as an extremely tired bitch who is extremely tired of being extremely fucking tired, I am sharing this because it's easy to get, safe, and affordable and if you're like me you're about ready to try anything. And it's not another goddamn pill (I'm on 14 a day).

Also for the ADHDers specifically: protein rich diets are usually advised for us because it helps with the metabolism of stimulants, and can help with softening medication crashes when they wear off. So adding a protein shake with BCAAs to your morning routine might be a good idea. Or just any protein shake in general.

There can be side effects to taking BCAAs, but it is considered rare and this depends entirely on the person. Cross check existing medications, talk to your doc etc. if you are not 100% certain adding BCAAs to your diet is possible. Stay safe peeps.

[noknowshame]

honestly what's not to get

[ardentpoop]

the show THINKS sam is the “healthy” eater btwn the two of them but that doesn’t mean it’s true lol

[opens-up-4-nobody]

...

[thatis-americas-ass]

.

[cbirt]

Predicting protein structures has been transformed by artificial intelligence. However, rather than competence, accessibility, and ease of use are increasingly becoming limiting issues for end users as more sophisticated and powerful software is developed. In order to simplify the process of medium-scale protein-protein interaction prediction, the author Thomas C. McLean, from John Innes Centre, UK, presents a pipeline based on Google Colaboratory called LazyAF. This pipeline integrates the current ColabFold BATCH. Using LazyAF, he predicts the interactome of the 76 proteins encoded on a multi-drug resistance 20 plasmid with a large host range, showcasing the convenience and accessibility of the pipeline.

AlphaFold2 and RoseTTAFold, two AI-based programs for protein structure prediction, have been incorporated by Google Colaboratory into notebook services like ColabFold BATCH. Because of this integration, big or complex protein structure predictions may now be made more quickly and with greater accessibility thanks to powerful graphics processing units (GPUs). From single protein structure predictions to screening huge datasets for novel protein-protein interactions (PPIs), the potential scope of protein structure prediction has grown. 

Designed to operate with ColabFold BATCH, a Google Colaboratory-based LazyAF pipeline makes it easier for individuals with less bioinformatics background to screen huge datasets for novel PPIs. The pipeline lowers the entrance barrier for medium-scale PPI prediction and enables more wet-bench researchers to incorporate in silico modeling into their workflow by performing automatic medium-throughput prediction of protein complexes in an all-versus-all scenario.

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[biology-geology-beaches-india]

The Science Research Folios of S. Sunkavally. Page 108.

[newsepick]

Semaglutide enhances cognitive abilities and reduces Alzheimer’s pathology in mice and human brain models

A study in *Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy* explored the effects of Semaglutide on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in mouse and human brain organoid models. Researchers found that Semaglutide improved cognitive function, reduced amyloid plaque and Tau protein levels, and decreased neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice. Behavioral tests indicated enhanced learning and memory, while biochemical assessments showed modulation of key neuroprotective pathways. Additionally, Semaglutide increased oxytocin levels in human models, suggesting its therapeutic potential through GLP-1 receptor and oxytocin interaction. These findings point to Semaglutide as a promising candidate in AD treatment, warranting further research.

[mysticalpeacenut]

Advancements in PPI Targeted Drug Discovery

In the ever-evolving international of drug discovery, concentrated on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has emerged as a groundbreaking method with massive healing capacity. While traditional drug discovery has largely focused on focused on single proteins or enzymes, the point of interest is shifting toward the intricate networks fashioned by using protein interactions. These networks are critical to expertise disorder mechanisms and growing innovative treatments. This blog delves into the modern day advancements in PPI targeted drug discovery, highlighting the transformative impact of Protein-Protein Interactions Magna™ technology and different modern tactics.

Understanding Protein-Protein Interactions

Protein-protein interactions are essential to almost each biological manner. Proteins not often function in isolation; as a substitute, they interact with different proteins to carry out their functions. These interactions can manipulate cell signaling pathways, adjust gene expression, and influence cell responses to environmental changes. Disruptions or malfunctions in those interactions are frequently implicated in diseases which include cancer, neurodegenerative problems, and infectious diseases.

PPI Targeted Drug Discovery makes a speciality of designing drugs which could especially modulate these protein interactions. Unlike conventional capsules that focus on a single protein, PPI-centered pills purpose to persuade the interactions among multiple proteins, thereby imparting a greater nuanced approach to therapeutic intervention.

Key Advancements in PPI Targeted Drug Discovery

Protein-Protein Interactions Magna™ Technology

One of the maximum giant advancements in PPI-focused drug discovery is the development of Protein-Protein Interactions Magna™ technology via Depixus. This modern day era gives a complete platform for analyzing and manipulating protein interactions with remarkable precision.

Magna™ generation uses advanced techniques to seize and examine how proteins engage within a cellular surroundings. By offering special insights into these interactions, Magna™ permits researchers to become aware of ability drug goals and design molecules that may in particular disrupt or decorate those interactions. This method is vital for growing healing procedures that focus on complicated sicknesses wherein conventional drug discovery methods may additionally fall brief.

High-Throughput Screening

High-throughput screening (HTS) has revolutionized PPI-centered drug discovery via permitting the rapid evaluation of lots of compounds for their capability to modulate protein interactions. HTS structures use automated structures to test big libraries of molecules against particular PPIs, identifying promising applicants for further development.

Recent improvements in HTS technology have expanded the speed and accuracy of screening processes. Innovations consisting of miniaturized assays, stepped forward detection techniques, and sophisticated statistics analysis gear have substantially better the efficiency of PPI-targeted drug discovery.

Structural Biology Techniques

Structural biology strategies, together with X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy, have supplied vital insights into the three-dimensional structures of protein complexes. Understanding the ideal structure of protein-protein interactions is essential for designing drugs which could in particular goal those interactions.

Recent traits in structural biology have enabled researchers to visualize protein interactions at atomic resolution, facilitating the design of small molecules and biologics which could efficiently disrupt or stabilize those interactions. This structural records is invaluable for growing centered treatment options with high specificity and decreased off-goal outcomes.

Computational Approaches

Computational methods, which includes molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, have end up necessary gear in PPI-targeted drug discovery. These techniques use pc algorithms to predict how small molecules or peptides will interact with protein complexes, guiding the layout of recent drugs.

Advancements in computational techniques have improved the accuracy of predictions and the efficiency of digital screening techniques. By simulating protein interactions and drug binding, researchers can pick out ability drug applicants and optimize their homes earlier than conducting experimental research.

Biologics and Peptide-Based Therapies

Biologics, along with monoclonal antibodies and peptide-based totally remedies, constitute a growing vicinity of hobby in PPI-focused drug discovery. These cures are designed to specially bind to protein interactions and modulate their activity.

Recent advancements in biologics and peptide design have caused the development of novel drugs that concentrate on PPIs with excessive specificity. For instance, bispecific antibodies which could simultaneously bind to two exclusive proteins are being explored as potential cures for numerous sicknesses.

The Future of PPI Targeted Drug Discovery

The subject of PPI focused drug discovery is swiftly advancing, with ongoing research aimed toward overcoming current challenges and increasing the range of druggable objectives. The integration of new technology, which includes Protein-Protein Interactions Magna™, structural biology, excessive-throughput screening, and computational strategies, is riding innovation and opening up new possibilities for therapeutic intervention.

As researchers hold to explore the complexities of protein interactions, the capability for growing novel treatments that concentrate on previously undruggable sicknesses grows. The capability to especially modulate protein-protein interactions offers a brand new stage of precision in drug development, paving the way for extra effective and focused remedies.

Conclusion

PPI focused drug discovery represents a paradigm shift in how we technique drug development, shifting beyond traditional single-protein objectives to focus on the tricky networks of protein interactions. With advancements which include Protein-Protein Interactions Magna™ era and other present day tactics, the sector is poised for great breakthroughs so one can remodel the landscape of medicine. At Depixus, we're at the leading edge of this thrilling field, providing innovative solutions and technologies that aid researchers of their quest to broaden the next generation of centered healing procedures. To study extra approximately how our Protein-Protein Interactions Magna™ generation can decorate your research and pressure innovation contact us at Depixus.

Reposted Blog Post URL: https://petrickzagblogger.wordpress.com/2024/09/04/advancements-in-ppi-targeted-drug-discovery/

[narizaki]

sticky notes   sakusa kiyoomi x reader

―   tags   fem reader,   fluff,   roommates to something close to lovers,   timeskip kiyoomi

―   notes   wc is 1.8k,   i wrote this on a whim so please forgive ooc kiyoomi, also please forgive any grammar mistakes lmao

you and sakusa have been communicating through notes for the past three months.

at first, you had mindlessly written down a few groceries you needed to buy on a sticky note, pasting it onto the fridge so you wouldn’t forget. it included some of the basics: eggs, flour, rice, milk, and other necessities for you and your roommate’s fridge. 

then, the next time you came home, you were greeted by a bright yellow sticky note seated next to your pink one. it said:

protein powder

lettuce

masks (the white ones)

between your full-time job and sakusa’s hectic schedule as a professional volleyball player, the two of you hardly saw each other, if at all. especially with sakusa’s new status on the olympic team. it wasn’t bad, per se, as you’d never been the closest to him — he was closed-off and, frankly, intimidating. it was like the man would go to any lengths to avoid interacting with others. regardless, his small addition to your grocery list had made you laugh. 

you checked off the items he wanted, and the sticky note was gone the next day.

from then, the two of you only ever communicated with each other this way. one of you would write the groceries they needed to get that weekend, and the other would make their additions to the list. it was effective, simple, and considering how the only post-it notes the either of you owned were offensively bright colors, hard to miss. 

after a while, you began adding little comments in addition to the list of items you needed to buy. they were short and sweet, like a thanks! written in the corner of your post-it detailing the items you needed sakusa to buy, or there are leftovers in the fridge after you made too much for dinner. you weren’t expecting sakusa to respond to them, given his stand-offish nature. so, when he did, you were surprised. no; scratch that, you were elated. although his replies weren’t anything extraordinary, just a simple you’re welcome or thank you for the food written in his neat handwriting under your own, it felt like a break in your relationship with sakusa. 

despite knowing him for a while now, the two of you stayed as acquaintances and nothing more. but, you couldn’t deny that you wanted to know more about him. and though unconventional, the sticky notes worked perfectly for this.

writing to each other using post-its became such a habit that sakusa bought a magnetic whiteboard. you were only made aware of it when you walked into the kitchen to see it set up. there was a note already written in black marker on the board, stating that the post-it notes were beginning to be a waste of paper. you made sure to write a large thanks, sakusa! with the same marker, adding a few hearts around it.

(and if sakusa flushed red at the sight of his name with hearts surrounding it, only he would know.) 

whenever your friends came over, they would question the purpose of the whiteboard. you couldn't blame them; it did take up the better half of your fridge's surface. they had a good laugh when you explained the story behind it, but some asked why couldn’t you just text each other?

and, honestly? you didn’t know either.

you knew it would be more efficient if you were to text sakusa instead of patiently waiting for his replies on the dry-erase board every day. but, if you wanted to, you knew you would’ve done it a while ago; before he even had the idea of buying the whiteboard, back when the two of you were conversing through neon sticky notes and wasting an unnecessary amount of paper. 

you surmise it’s because you didn't want to ruin your and sakusa’s relationship — if you could even call it that. texting him would forcefully pull him into your orbit. though you’ve been regularly interacting with him for the past few months, you were aware that you hardly knew anything about the man; small notes and lists only gave you so much information about a person. the whiteboard was a safe in-between — you learn a little more about him and his habits, while not forcing him to interact with you. 

well, you think, he’s not obligated to answer my texts, either. you have his number, and it’s not like you haven’t texted him before. there was only so much you could do when you weren’t home to pick up packages or forget to inform him of a repairman coming over. 

you mull over the decision, a short text already typed into your conversation with sakusa. your finger hovers over the send button, before you furiously spam the delete key and put your phone down. no, nevermind. 

your plan of staying content with your relationship fails miserably.

it’s been a hard few weeks at work, with seemingly endless deadlines you have to meet and an equally endless amount of meetings you’ve had to attend. you feel as if you haven’t had a moment to yourself in forever.

so, when you submit your most recent project to your boss and shut your laptop closed, the first thing on your mind is to go home and rest. your mind is on auto-pilot as you pack your belongings, spitting out no’s to your co-workers' offers to go out drinking. when you’re this tired, the last thing you want to do is wake up with a splitting headache and an awful hangover the next day.

you stumble into your apartment, hastily toeing your heels off. a sigh leaves you, the harsh pressure of the shoe finally being relieved. they’re thrown somewhere in the corner, probably not anywhere close to where they should be, but you’ll deal with that tomorrow. all you want is some sleep. you consider just crashing on the couch and dealing with the consequences tomorrow.

“rough day?” a flat voice asks. you jump at the noise, not expecting anyone to be in your apartment. when you look up, you’re greeted by a tall figure standing in front of you. your eyes take a moment to rack over them, not completely registering that the only other person who has access to your apartment is…

sakusa.

“huh…?” you mutter, blinking a few times to will the tiredness from your eyes. it doesn’t work. sakusa only sighs, stepping from the doorway and further into your home. there’s a look on his face that’s telling you to follow, but when you don’t out of pure shock because he’s here? like, actually here? at home? he rolls his eyes.

“come on,” he says, “there’s food on the stove already.” 

you continue to stay silent, causing sakusa to raise an eyebrow. your face is scrunched up, a hand on the wall next to you to support your weight.

“are you…am i hallucinating…?” you mumble, internally debating if you wanted to pinch yourself to make sure that you’re not dreaming in any way. “i thought you weren’t going to be back for a while?” 

in response to your delirious rambling, sakusa laughs. it’s rather quiet, but you know he does. you hear the rapid exhalation of air accompanied by a deep rumble coming from his chest, and you can see his shoulders shaking. 

he steps closer to you, forcing your bag from your shoulder and practically pulling you with him into your shared living room. you’re tripping over your feet, mind still fuzzy from your tiring day. 

“leave it up to you to not be able to think properly after a long day,” he murmurs, setting your bag down on the couch. in your half-awake daze, you’re unable to form a proper response. “i guess you’re not hungry then.”

“well…” you stammer, still trying to get your bearings. “you’re like, never home, sakusa…so how am i supposed to react when you practically teleport in front of me?” you finish, a yawn escaping you. that makes sakusa laugh again. 

“for your information, i didn’t teleport in front of you,” he replies, “i heard the door open, so i went to greet my roommate. now, go get ready for bed.”

you disregard what he says, opting to groan when he orders you to get ready for bed. it just seems like so much work. you have to take off your makeup, change, brush your teeth, do your skincare…you think you’d rather crash face-first on your couch, like you were planning on doing earlier. you tell him that much.

sakusa rolls his eyes again. he pushes you towardsthe bathroom, telling you to take off your makeup, while he goes to rummage in your room for sleepwear. what? 

you don't have much of a choice, so you follow his directions. beginning with your meticulous skincare routine, you cleanse off your makeup. while you’re drying your face, sakusa knocks on the bathroom door with a fresh pair of pajamas for you to change into. 

once you’ve completed your nightly routine, you wander out of the bathroom to find sakusa sitting on the couch. he seems preoccupied with something on his phone, and you have to admit that the sight of him concentrating is rather charming. 

thankfully, the cold water you’d splashed onto your face woke you up, so you’re more awake than you were when you’d entered. you’re still horribly tired, and you want nothing but to sleep in the comfort of your bed, but you feel bad going straight to bed without even thanking sakusa for taking care of you. the only way the two of you talked for the last few months  was over post-it notes, for god's sake! 

“hey, sakusa?” you call, and his attention snaps from his phone to you. “thanks for uh…taking care of me. sorry about all that, i was really tired. or, er, am really tired.” you awkwardly stutter out. 

he hums in response, standing up from the couch and taking long strides towards you. thanks to his height, he’s face-to-face with you in no time. he’s close — maybe a little too close for someone you think probably doesn't even consider you a friend. that leads you to another realization: for someone that you knew disliked social interaction, he’s also talked to you an awful lot today.

“if you were really thankful, you’d go to bed right now and eat what i made tomorrow. you’re exhausted.” he bluntly replies. you gape at him for a moment, about to reply, but he cuts you off. “i’ll be home more often. volleyball is in the off-season now.” 

you know you should just nod and turn on your heel to go to bed, but there’s a question on the tip of your tongue that slips before you’re able to catch it. 

“so… no more whiteboard notes?” you question. sakusa laughs for a third time that night, and you think you’ve hit the jackpot in your slightly delirious state. 

he shakes his head. “no more whiteboard notes for now.”

you wake up the next morning, and when you enter the kitchen, you see a yellow sticky note pasted onto the whiteboard. on it, it reads: 

we can make these lists together now, so there's no need for either of these.

and, yeah, you think you can get used to that. 

[whats-in-a-sentence]

The ER-localized protein, FT INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (FTIP1), is required for FT movement into the phloem translocation stream, which takes it to the meristem (Figure 20.9). (...) Both of these targets activate LEAFY (LFY; a floral identity gene we will discuss later in this chapter), and LFY directly activates the expression of AP1 and FD, forming two positive feedback loops (see Figure 20.19). (...) Genetic studies have shown that there are four distinct developmental pathways that control flowering in the LDP Petunia (see Figure 20.19):

The photoperiodic pathway behind in the leaf and involves phytochromes and cryptochromes. (Note that phyA and phyB have contrasting effects on flowering.) In LDPs under long-day conditions, the interaction of these photoreceptors with the circadian clock initiates a pathway that results in the expression of CO in the phloem companion cells of the leaf. CO activates the expression of its downstream target gene, FT, in the phloem. FT protein ("florigen") moves into the sieve tube elements and is translocated to the apical meristem, where it stimulates flowering. As shown in the enlargement of the meristem in Figure 20.19, FT protein forms a complex with the transcription factor FD. The FD-FT complex then activates downstream target genes such as SOC1, AP1, and LFY, which turn on floral homeotic genes on the flanks of the inflorescence meristem.

In rice, a SDP, the CO homolog Heading-date 1 (Hd1) acts as an inhibitor of flowering. During inductive short day conditions, however, Hd1 protein is not produced. The absence of Hd1 stimulates the expression of the Hd3a gene in the phloem companion cells (Hd3a is a relative of FT). Hd3a protein is then translocated via the sieve tubes to the apical meristem, where it is believed to stimulate flowering by pathway similar to that in Arabidopsis.

In the autonomous and vernalization pathways, flowering occurs either in response to internal signals – the production of a fixed number of leaves – or to low temperatures. In the autonomous pathway of Arabidopsis, all of the genes associated with the pathway are expressed in the meristem. The autonomous pathway acts by reducing the expression of the flowering repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), an inhibitor of SOC1 expression. Vernalization also represses FLC, but by a different mechanism (an epigenetic switch). Because the FLC gene is a common target, the autonomous and vernalization pathways are grouped together.

The gibberellin pathway is required for early flowering and for flowering under noninductive short days. The gibberellin pathway involves GA-MYB as an intermediary, which promotes LFY; gibberellin may also interact with SOC1 by a separate pathway.

All four pathways converge by increasing the expression of key floral regulators: FT in the vasculature and SOC1, LFY, and AP1 in the meristem (see Figure 20.19).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

[saetoru]

✩ ‧₊˚ ✩。FAMILY SECRETS — GOJO SATORU.

contents. fem! + mom! reader, reader is referred to as “mommy” and “wife,” girl dad toru <3, family shenanigans in the grocery store that are unfortunately inescapable when your husband is gojo satoru

“ok,” you nod, looking over your grocery list. “i think that’s everything—”

“mommy, can we please get this,” your daughter looks up at you pleadingly, tugging at your sleeve as she holds a bag of candy—she has satoru’s eyes, wide and blue and so easy to give into. you look at her for a moment before pursing your lips.

“no, satoru. we can’t get this bag of candy.” you turn to the devil himself, glaring at him as he whistles innocently.

“what’re you lookin’ at me for, sweetheart? our little peanut here wants—”

“satoru.”

“fine,” he deflates. you pinch your nose as you sigh.

satoru, in his thirty plus years of life, has surprisingly never had a cavity for how much sugar he consumes. he’s good at taking care of himself, he argues, there’s no chance he’d ever get a cavity. that is, until recently. he visits the dentist and has not one, but two cavities—you think this is a rather alarming sign that he needs to cut back on the sweets, so you take matters into your own hands.

and, well….he’s not handling it very brightly.

“you thought i’d cave just because you tricked our daughter into asking?” you raise a brow, making him huff as he pouts.

“what kind of heartless soul could say no to those eyes?” he asks in disbelief, waving a hand at the small carbon copy of your husband as she blinks up at you, “i mean look at her! she doesn’t deserve the word no.”

“she definitely needs the word no so she doesn’t end up spoiled like you. and i’ve had plenty of practice,” you shoot blandly, “i’ve said no to your eyes all these years haven’t i?”

“even crazier,” he mutters, “i have the most adorable eyes, how could you say no?”

“it’s pretty easy if you ask me,” you shrug.

most people tend to call satoru arrogant—humble is not usually used in the same sentence as gojo satoru. evidently, they’ve never watched him interact with you before—you always find a way to humble him. he’s starting to think he’s the butt of every joke in his own marriage.

“please, baby?” he pouts deeper, “i’ve been good! i floss!”

“no.”

“what if i fold the laundry for a month?” he bats his lashes.

that’s tempting, you have to admit. folding laundry is a very boring job, you’re more than happy to hand it over to satoru for a bag of candy that barely dents your wallet. but then you find your resolve again, crossing your arms as you stare at him unimpressed.

“no, satoru.”

“two months?”

“nope.”

“did you only marry me for my looks?” he asks in disbelief, “because there’s not one ounce of love in that heart of yours.”

“this is for your own good, satoru,” you say firmly, “you had two cavities. how much sugar have you been consuming lately? and don’t think i don’t notice you skipping meals when you’re busy—a chocolate bar does not replace lunch.”

you’re glaring at him, drilling him for his health choices that are not his fault—he’s a busy guy, and he can’t help that a chocolate bar on his way to a mission is all he can squeeze in sometimes. maybe a protein bar would be a better option, but they’re not as tasty, and satoru thinks he deserves to be happy. and then, from the end of the aisle, you hear a few snickers coming from passerby’s. he pouts deeper at the thought of being laughed at as he gets scolded by his wife in the middle of the breakfast aisle.

“what’s the point of living if you’re gonna be miserable?” he groans, “we might as well just start going to bed at nine pm too, while we’re at it. and—”

“that’s actually a lovely idea,” you hum thoughtfully, “you certainly could use the sleep, couldn’t you?”

he glares at you petulantly, sulking as you grab the bag from your daughter’s and put it on the shelf—it’s not the right place, but taking a trip to the candy aisle to place it where it belongs is only venturing deeper into the lion’s den. you’re not letting satoru have more options to choose from.

“you seein’ this, angel?” he turns to your daughter, “you see how mean mommy is? she’s not letting us have candy. make sure you remember that when i ask you who’s your favorite again.”

you roll your eyes, snorting. satoru asks her playfully one night who the favorite parent is—it’s a meaningless question, meant to be a joke and nothing else. you’re sure he expects her to say both—but he gets his feelings severely hurt when she giggles and points to you, staring in disbelief as you grin in victory and kiss her cheeks. you even rub salt on the wound when you mumble she’s your favorite baby too.

he’s starting to really think he’s a victim in his own household.

“but mommy gives me candy,” she tilts her head in confusion.

oh no. she’s not supposed to say that—she promised not to say that. why can’t children ever keep a filter on their words? and why can’t they keep their promises?

almost like in slow motion, both of your eyes widen. satoru pauses. you start to sweat. he turns to face you slowly, in abject disbelief.

“what?” you laugh nervously, “no i don’t! we don’t have any candy at home—”

“she keeps it in her drawer!” your daughter adds, as if she wants to see your downfall.

you love your daughter, you really do—but sometimes you think motherhood is a punishment for whatever sin it is that you’ve committed in your previous life. satoru crosses his arms and taps his foot.

“what happened to we’ll all give up sweets together so you’re not alone, toru,” he mocks your voice, squinting at you accusingly. “so we’re a family of liars now?”

“toru, listen—”

“i trusted you.”

“baby—”

“what happened to our wedding vows? what happened to in sickness and in death? a little cavity is enough to change all that? i’m scared to think what you’d do if i lost an arm.”

“well, you’re not the strongest for nothing,” you point out, chuckling nervously, “so we have nothing to worry about there.”

“i can’t believe you,” he spits, turning away from you with crossed arms and a quiet hmph.

“toru, you can’t expect us all to give up sugar just because you can’t stop making poor health choices,” you argue exasperatedly.

so what if you secretly enjoy a kitkat here and there? you deserve it for dealing with not one, but two children at home every single day—sometimes three if shoko comes over, her lifestyle choices aren’t any better. satoru should let you enjoy a piece of candy or two until he fixes his terrible habits that could very well set a terrible example for your very young and impressionable daughter.

“well, i have adult money of my own,” satoru huffs, “and as an adult, i’ll be purchasing my own candy to hide in my own drawer that i won’t share with you since we’re now apparently a family that doesn’t think sharing is caring.”

“i don’t know if i’m raising one child or two,” you sigh tiredly, rubbing a hand over your face.

satoru grabs the bag of candy off the shelf, promptly placing it in the cart before walking off ahead of you as he pushes it. your daughter grabs your hand and smiles, tugging you along.

“c’mon mommy,” she says brightly, “you said we can go to the park!”

—————— BONUS ——————

“are you serious, satoru?” you ask incredulously, watching as he comes back to sit on the other end of the bench, ice cream cone in hand.

he didn’t even bring you one—what an asshole.

“oh sorry,” he shrugs, “i figured you and our daughter were planning on getting ice cream on your own without me. since, you know, apparently you guys love to have lots of things without me.”

��you’re being so dramatic—”

“i want ice cream too!” you hear a small voice call from the distance, making you turn to your daughter as she sprints over to you from the playground, eyeing the cone in satoru’s hand.

“you heard her,” he drawls, licking at his strawberry ice cream mockingly, “why don’t you go buy her a secret cone. i won’t look.”

being a single mom of two is a full time job, you think, you didn’t sign up for this.

guess who has two cavities ?? a certain brother of mine. guess who’s entire household has to give up sweets now for their brother’s inability to have proper dental hygiene ?? if you guessed me, you might just be psychic :O