#Potassium Hydroxide Solution

[shaktichemicals]

Shakti Chemicals - Manufacturer and Exporter of Oil Drilling, Food Grade & Commercial Chemicals

Shakti Chemicals is a company based in Vadodara, Gujarat, India that specializes in the manufacturing and exporting of various chemical products such as:

Ammonium Bisulphite 70% Solution

Ammonium Bisulphite Catalyst

Potassium Hydroxide Solution

Potassium Sulphite (K2SO3)

Potassium Bisulphite (KHSO3)

Ammonium Bisulphite 70% Solution is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used in the food industry as a preservative and antioxidant. It can also be used in the production of various chemicals, such as sodium metabisulphite and ammonium thiosulfate.

Potassium Hydroxide Solution is a strong alkali that is commonly used in the production of various chemicals such as detergents, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the production of biodiesel.

Potassium Sulphite (K2SO3) and Potassium Bisulphite (KHSO3) are both used as preservatives in the food industry to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. They are also used in the production of photographic chemicals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

Shakti Chemicals also specializes in the production of Oxygen Scavenger chemicals. Oxygen Scavengers are used in various industries to prevent corrosion and extend the shelf life of products by reducing the amount of oxygen present in a given environment.

Shakti Chemicals offers a range of Oxygen Scavenger products designed to meet the specific needs of different industries. Their products are used in industries such as oil and gas, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment.

The company is committed to providing high-quality products that meet or exceed industry standards. They use advanced manufacturing processes and rigorous quality control measures to ensure that their products are of the highest quality.

Shakti Chemicals also offers excellent customer service and technical support. They work closely with their clients to understand their needs and provide customized solutions to meet their specific requirements. The company has a strong reputation for reliability, quality, and innovation, and is widely recognized as a leader in the Oxygen Scavenger industry.

Overall, Shakti Chemicals specialize in the production of a range of chemical products that have a variety of uses in different industries. To get best quote or more details to buy our chemical products call Mr. Rahul Madan Shimpi (+91-9825043369) or mail us at info@shaktichemicals.com.

[sciencesolutions]

[best-element-poll]

(the 2 most voted elements will continue onto round 2!)

More info about each element (and propaganda for the ones I like) under the cut. pleeeeeeeeease read some of them at least the one about francium

(disclaimer: these are based off short wikipedia reads and my crumbling high school chemistry knowledge. correct me if I'm wrong about anything.)

HYDROGEN: Hydrogen is the lightest element (consisting of only one proton and one electron). It is also the most abundant element in the universe, it's a gas (at room temperature) and it can explode. It's also quite representative of acids, having the (Arrhenius) definition of an acid straight up saying that it has to dissociate in water to form H+ ions. It's also quite an efficient fuel. Hydrogen is anywhere and Hydrogen is everywhere. If you like explosions, sour beverages, or acid in general, consider voting Hydrogen!

LITHIUM: Lithium, under standard conditions, is by far the least dense metal and the least dense solid element! You may primarily know him from your phone's Lithium-ion batteries. There are Lithium-based drugs used to treat mental illnesses. You can throw a block of lithium in water and it will make a really big explosion. The metal is soft and silvery. I'm running out of things to say about him. If you like batteries vote Lithium? (edit: just realised lithium is used for batteries, and batteries are connected to robotics and engineering. if you like robots and cool mechanical stuff vote lithium!)

SODIUM: You must know him from table salt. That's actually NaCl, his best known involvement. There are many more very important and very commonplace compounds that involve sodium, such as baking soda (NaHCO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (that's probably the most famous base?). It's also very important to the human body (you shouldn't eat more than 2300mg a day). If you've ever used table salt or baking soda while cooking, consider voting Sodium!

POTASSIUM: Their name was based on the word potash, which was based on an early and easy way of obtaining potassium, from putting ash in a pot, adding water, heating, and evaporating the solution. It's used in a lot of fertilisers because it's an essential plant nutrient. It's also involved in a ton of important compounds: KOH (a strong base), KNO3 (often used as salt bridges in electrochemical cells), K2CrO7 (an oxidising agent often used in organic synthesis), and K2CrO4 (I don't know what this one does). If you have ever eaten food from fertilisers consider voting Potassium!

RUBIDIUM: Rubidium compounds are sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color. They've also got a cool name, based on the latin rubidius, for deep red (the color of its emission spectrum). I'll be real, I don't really know much about them beyond that, but that is one cool name. Vote for Rubidium if you like cool names.

CAESIUM: Caesium is used in the definition for a second, meaning that an entire SI unit is based on it! A second can be defined as "the duration of 9,192,631,770 cycles of microwave light absorbed or emitted by the hyperfine transition of caesium-133 atoms in their ground state undisturbed by external fields". It was also discovered from mineral water. Did you know that they had to use 44000 liters of water to find her? If you've ever experienced time or had a conception of it in terms of units, consider voting Caesium!!!

FRANCIUM!!!: Caesium... TWO! It's sad that no one will probably read this far but this is my favourite element in this poll. This element is characterised by instability. Her longest half-life is 22 minutes. Her entire existence was conjoint with Caesium before they discovered that she was her own element. She has never been seen. They literally never confirmed what color she is. She was born in a wet cardboard box all alone. Through the hands of different scientists, she was going to be named after Russia, Virginia, or Moldavia at different points in time. At one point the name catium was proposed (for "cation", since she was believed to be the most electropositive cation), but was rejected because it sounded like a cat element. Which is so fucking sad. We could've had cat element but we ended up with France element. That's right she's also named after France. Just tragic fascinating existence overall. Also isn't it just insane that her half-life is only 22 minutes? Dude, you don't get it, the most of her that's ever existed in one place is a mere 300000 atoms. She's here and she's gone. What the hell.

The charm of Francium can be summarised by the wise words of my good friend Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:

[tauforged]

i do find it incredibly funny how i’m the only person in my entire department with absolutely zero chemistry background or lab experience. my supervisor has a phd my coworker is fresh outta college after majoring in environmental chemistry and volunteering with half the organizations we REPORT to and meanwhile i’m just some art school dropout with four years experience working at petco under his belt who just happens to be so insanely autistic about water quality and aquatic animal care that they hired me anyway and are just letting me learn as i go. it rocks. my supervisor asks me how i would do the math to determine how much potassium hydroxide i need to weigh out to make 100mls of 8 normal solution and i have to admit to her that i have no idea what she’s talking about and instead of getting mad at me or frustrated she just shows me where to find the information i need and lets me figure it out and then once she’s sure i know what i’m doing to a level where i’m not going to blow anything up she sets me loose in the lab to apply my newfound knowledge . and i’m getting PAID to do this shit

[mcatmemoranda]

Doing review questions.

Hyperkalemia is a known side effect of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers such as olmesartan. The risk of hyperkalemia is increased with chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, moderately severe to severe heart failure, NSAID use, and older adults. Chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide can cause hypokalemia.

In men who are diagnosed with hypogonadism with symptoms of testosterone deficiency and unequivocally and consistently low serum testosterone concentrations, further evaluation with FSH and LH levels is advised as the initial workup to distinguish between primary and secondary hypogonadism. If secondary hypogonadism is indicated by low or inappropriately normal FSH and LH levels, prolactin and serum iron levels and measurement of total iron binding capacity are recommended to determine secondary causes of hypogonadism, with possible further evaluation to include other pituitary hormone levels and MRI of the pituitary. If primary hypogonadism is found, karyotyping may be indicated for Klinefelter’s syndrome.

Daily use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution has been found to be more effective than lactulose, senna, or magnesium hydroxide in head-to-head studies. Evidence does not support the use of fiber supplements in the treatment of functional constipation. No adverse effects were reported with PEG therapy at any dosing regimen. Low-dose regimens of PEG are 0.3 g/kg/day and high-dose regimens are up to 1.0–1.5 g/kg/day. Ref: Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al: Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014;58(2):258-274. 2) Gordon M, MacDonald JK, Parker CE, et al: Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;(8):CD009118. 3) Lauters R, Saguil A: Laxatives for the management of childhood constipation. Am Fam Physician 2017;96(7):433-434

Primary hyperaldosteronism should be suspected as a cause for hypertension if a patient has a spontaneously low potassium level or persistent hypertension despite the use of three or more antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic. This can be evaluated by checking a serum renin activity level and a serum aldosterone concentration and determining the aldosterone/renin ratio. Primary hyperaldosteronism typically presents with a very low serum renin activity level and an elevated serum aldosterone concentration. A 24-hour urine collection for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) would be used to evaluate for a neuroendocrine tumor, which can present as chronic flushing and diarrhea. Cortisol levels can be checked if Cushing syndrome is suspected. Hypertension can be present in Cushing syndrome, but it is typically associated with other signs such as obesity and an elevated blood glucose level due to insulin resistance.

Psychogenic tremor is characterized by an abrupt onset, spontaneous remission, changing characteristics, and extinction with distraction. Cerebellar tremor is an intention tremor with ipsilateral involvement on the side of the lesion. Neurologic testing will reveal past-pointing on finger-to-nose testing. CT or MRI of the head is the diagnostic test of choice. Parkinsonian tremor is noted at rest, is asymmetric, and decreases with voluntary movement. Bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability are generally noted. For atypical presentations a single-photon emission CT or positron emission tomography may help with the diagnosis. One of the treatment options is carbidopa/levodopa. Patients who have essential tremor have symmetric, fine tremors that may involve the hands, wrists, head, voice, or lower extremities. This may improve with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol. There is no specific diagnostic test but the tremor is treated with propranolol or primidone. Enhanced physiologic tremor is a postural tremor of low amplitude exacerbated by medication. There is usually a history of caffeine use or anxiety.

Ref: Crawford P, Zimmerman EE: Tremor: Sorting through the differential diagnosis. Am Fam Physician 2018;97(3):180-186.

I got 100% on the first quiz! :)

[deliciousdreamcat]

Chemicalsupplier15821839875@proton.me

Dimethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, sodium thiohydrate, pyridine, hydrogen bromide, barium hydroxide, barium sulfide, phenol, hydrochloric acid, dibromomethane, sodium hydroxide, n-butylene ether, 3-methylpyridine, bromoethane, aluminum trichloride solution, benzene, ethanethiol, octadecyl acetamide, acetonitrile, N N-diisopropylethylamine, hydrogen fluoride [anhydrous], potassium antimony tartrate, n-butylacetate, ethylene oxide, cyclohexane, potassium hydroxide, aluminum trichloride [anhydrous], 2-nitroanisole, 1, 2-dichloropropene, n-butanol, magnesium, O O ≤-diethylthiophosphoyl chloride, phenol solution, N-(phenylethyl-4-piperidine) propionamide citrate, ethyl acetate, 1,4-xylene, 2-aminopropane, isophthaloyl chloride, 2-chlorotoluene, cyclopentene, propionic acid, hydrofluoric acid, 2-butenaldehyde, 2-methylpentane, ethylamine, bromine, coal tar pitch, ethyl formate, ammonia solution [containing ammonia > 10%] 1-aminohydrin, 4-ethoxyphenylamine, diisopropylamine, sodium ethanolate, nitrifying asphalt, hydrazide hydrate [containing hydrazide ≤ 64%], dimethyl sulfate, acetic acid [content > 80%], acetaldehyde, 2-butylketone, aluminum borohydrate, phenylethanolnitrile, 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride, sodium hypochlorite solution [containing available chlorine > 5%], 2-aminophenol, chloroplatinic acid, barium chloride, tert-butylbenzene, tribromide, methyl sulfide, Diphosphate pentasulfide, diethylamine, chlorobenzene, n-butylbenzene, 1,3-xylene, hydrogen peroxide solution [content > 8%], terephthaloyl chloride, red phosphorus, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, methanol, propionaldehyde, 2-methoxyphenylamine, bleach powder, triethyl propropionate, 1-bromobutene, cyclohexanone, di-(tert-butylperoxy) phthalate [paste Content ≤ 52%], tetrahydrofuran, trichloroethylene, magnesium aluminum powder, formic acid, sodium ethanol ethanol solution, isopropyl ether, acetic acid solution [10% < content ≤ 80%], 2-methyl-1-propanol, diethyl carbonate, sodium aluminum hydroxide, 2-methylpyridine, n-butylamine, toluene, thiourea, magnesium alloy [flake, banded or striped Containing magnesium > 50%], methyl benzoate, hydrobromide, 4-methylpyridine, iodine monochloride, sodium sulfide, 3-bromo-1-propene, 2-propanol, potassium borohydroxide, triethylamine, ammonia, 4-nitro-2-aminophenol, 1, 2-epichlorohydrin, 1-propanol, cyclopentane chloride, n-propyl acetate, bromoacetic acid, zinc chloride solution, trichloromethane, 1-bromopropane, monoamine [anhydrous], perchloric anhydride acetic anhydride solution, 1-bromopropane Potassium hydroxide solution [content ≥ 30%], boric acid, sodium borohydrate, hydroacetic acid bromide solution, acrylic acid [stable], cyclopentane chloride, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, calcium hydroxide, 2-ethoxyaniline, dimethyl carbonate, sodium nitroso, monomethylamine solution, zinc chloride, hydrogen sulfide, trimethyl acetate, iodine trichloride, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide solution [content ≥ 30%], trimethyl orthoformate, hydrogen chloride [anhydrous], 4-methoxyaniline, sulfur, succinile, acetic anhydride, dipropylamine, methyl acetate, isopropylbenzene, propionyl chloride, ethyl formate, phosphorus pentoxide, formaldehyde solution, nitrogen trifluoride, acetone, ethanol [anhydrous], white phosphorus, 1, 2-xylene, 1, 3-dichloropropene, 1, 1, 1-dichloroethane, N N-diethylethanolamine, sulfuric acid, N, N-dimethyl formamide, methyl mercaptan, 4-chlorotoluene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, succinyl chloride, 2, 3-dichloropropene, xylene isomer mixture, tartrate nicotine, cyclopentane, petroleum ether, bromocyclopentane Potassium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, aluminum powder, chromic acid, iron chloride, lead nitrate, magnesium powder, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, perchloroethylene, phosphate, potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate, zinc nitrate

[villainessbian]

for reference of why no one in their right mind would drink Fehling's solution, it has a pH of around 13. That's like 10~15% bleack. Potassium hydroxide has a pKb of .5, it is reactive.

shit i’ve heard chemistry majors say

- *student in a lab coat, cutting in the cafeteria line* YOU DON’T UNDERSTAND I DON’T HAVE A LOT OF TIME MY EXPERIMENT IS GOING TO CATCH FIREEEE

- *loud pop*    student, in very calm voice: well that was painful

- lab assistant, seeing me frantically pulling on gloves: oh no. what did you do now

- professor: come on guys, don’t hate on social sciences majors… it’s not their fault they were born this way

- so i was grading your tests last night. i wanted to kill someone.

- you have five minutes until the end of class to finish the test. but i want to go outside for a smoke, so three

- *section of lab report titled “applications of compound”* i heard that a drug cartel used it to dissolve bodies, should i list that?

- “i’m synthesizing this compound in my next lab class, what kind of stuff effects the success rate and yield?” “dunno man, it depends on your karma”

- based on my recent lab assignments, i have come to the conclusion that the professor wants me to get killed

- dude, Fehling’s solution contains glucose, what if it tastes like lemonade?   *proceeds to dip finger in and lick it*   well that was a disappointment. the potassium hydroxide makes it kinda bitter.

- professor: you’ll understand this concept in your fifth year   student: sir, this is a four-year program   professor: oh, then never

[amalgambio24]

Eliminate Wastewater Odors with Bioculture and Chemical Solutions

Wastewater treatment is an important process that protects human health and the environment. However, one of the unfortunate byproducts of wastewater treatment is the generation of unpleasant odors. These odors can significantly impact the quality of life for nearby communities and create challenges for wastewater treatment plant operators. Fortunately, effective solutions exist to combat these odors, including bioculture and chemical treatments.

Bioculture Treatment: Harnessing the Power of Nature

Bioculture treatment, also known as bioaugmentation, involves the introduction of beneficial microorganisms, or "good bacteria," into the wastewater treatment process. These microorganisms, often sourced from specialized bioculture manufacturer, consume organic matter and break down odor-causing compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, into less offensive byproducts.

Benefits of Bioculture Treatment

Environmentally Friendly: Bioculture treatments are a natural and sustainable approach to odor control, utilizing the power of microorganisms to remediate wastewater. This approach aligns with increasing environmental awareness and the growing demand for sustainable solutions.

Effective Odor Reduction: Bioculture treatments effectively target and neutralize a wide range of odor-causing compounds, leading to significant odor reduction. This can improve the quality of life for nearby communities and reduce complaints related to odor.

Improved Wastewater Quality: In addition to odor control, biocultures can improve the overall quality of treated wastewater by reducing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This can help wastewater treatment plants meet regulatory requirements and improve the efficiency of their treatment processes.

Cost-Effective: Bioculture treatments can be a cost-effective solution for long-term odor control, as they often require less frequent application compared to chemical treatments. This can lead to significant cost reductions over time.

Chemical Treatment: Targeted Odor Neutralization

Chemical treatment involves the use of specific wastewater odor control chemicals to neutralize or mask odors in wastewater. Common types of chemicals used include:

Oxidizing Agents: These chemicals, such as chlorine dioxide or potassium permanganate, oxidize odor-causing compounds, breaking them down into less volatile and less offensive substances. Oxidizing agents are particularly effective in treating odors caused by sulfur compounds.

Neutralizing Agents: These chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid, adjust the pH of wastewater to neutralize acidic or alkaline compounds that contribute to odor. Neutralizing agents can be effective in treating odors caused by ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds.

Masking Agents: These chemicals release pleasant fragrances to mask unpleasant odors, providing temporary relief. Masking agents can be useful in situations where immediate odor control is required, such as during special events or maintenance activities.

Comprehensive Wastewater Management Solutions

Effective odor control is just one aspect of comprehensive wastewater management solutions. A holistic approach may involve a combination of:

Pretreatment: Removing large solids and other contaminants before they enter the treatment process. This can help prevent clogging and improve the efficiency of subsequent treatment stages.

Biological Treatment: Utilizing microorganisms to break down organic matter and remove pollutants. This is a key step in wastewater treatment and often involves the use of activated sludge or other biological processes.

Chemical Treatment: Using chemicals to neutralize or remove specific contaminants. This can be used in conjunction with biological treatment to enhance the removal of pollutants.

Sludge Treatment: Treating and disposing of the solid waste generated during the treatment process. This is an important aspect of wastewater management to ensure proper disposal and minimize environmental impact.

Odor Control: Implementing bioculture and chemical treatments to minimize odors. This is crucial to maintain a positive relationship with surrounding communities and ensure compliance with environmental regulations.

Monitoring and Analysis: Regularly monitoring wastewater quality and treatment process efficiency. This helps identify potential problems and optimize treatment strategies.

Conclusion

By implementing comprehensive wastewater management solutions that incorporate bioculture and chemical treatments, wastewater treatment plants can effectively treat wastewater, minimize odors, and protect the environment. This integrated approach not only addresses immediate odor concerns but also contributes to the long-term sustainability of wastewater treatment operations.

[downtroddendeity]

HOW 2 INVENT SOAP:

INVENT TALLOW. Get some animal fat. Chop it up, add some salt and water, and cook it for a few hours. Scoop the melted liquid fat off the top and filter it through something to get any meaty bits that might still be in there out. When it cools down, it will turn back into solid fat, and you can repeat the process as many times as you want to get more non-fat stuff out.

INVENT POTASH. Fill a container with wood ashes (hardwoods work best). Then pour in rain water. Then let it soak. After a while, collect the liquid, which will now be a horrible caustic alkali solution. If you dry this out, you'll get crystals of potassium hydroxide, but you don't really need to, because the next step is...

MELT THE TALLOW AND PUT SOME POTASH WATER IN IT. This will be stupid hot and there will visibly be chemistry happening. Stir it up good for a while while absolutely not getting it on your hands.

Congratulations, you have now invented soap. Aren't you glad you did this part before you tried the penicillin?

I can understand how "modern person thrown into the past gets by pretending to be a healer/doctor" is as surprisingly common of a trope as it is. I mean I'm fluent enough at bullshitting to be pretty sure I could pull it off to impersonate a doctor in any time pre-1800s. If I have no idea what something is or how to treat it, I could just get the opinion of the other whatever-passes-as-medical-professionals around, but if their suggestions sound like bullshit I'm not doing it. And I'll beat the shit out of anyone suggesting bloodletting or mercury. With my healing stick. I've tied little bells on it, that jingle comically with every smack.

The awesome curative powers of my healing stick come from two separate sources: Placebo, and me using it to beat anyone trying to give my patients mercury.

[causticpellets]

Cost-Effective Potassium Hydroxide Pellets for Your Business

Atlas Pellets is a trusted name in delivering cost effective potassium hydroxide pellets complete various industrial applications. Our pellets are first for use in chemical production, cleaning agents and pharmaceutical processes that’s why we are known for their unmatched purity and consistency. We can make sure that businesses reliable product that improve operational efficiency by maintaining stringent quality standard while keeping costs in check.

Atlas pellets is provided the perfect balance of quality and affordability that you looking to optimize your chemical formulations or streamline production processes. Our potassium hydroxide pellets are manufactured with precision and we can make sure that they meet the specific requirement of industries worldwide. Atlas Pellets for dependable, high performance solution that add value to your business.

The benefits of potassium hydroxide pellets with Atlas Pellets your reliable partner for quality and affordability. Visit Our Website today causticpellets.com to learn more about our product range and how we can support your industrial needs.

[sciencesolutions]

[ecoilindia]

Understanding UCOME: A Sustainable Fuel Solution

 On the backdrop of increasing climate change and environmental degradation, the quest for sustainable sources of energy has grown. In this context, UCOME being a by-product of waste cooking oils and fats has gained entry into the renewable energy spectrum. It has dual benefits through reducing waste and providing the avenue for fuel that is cleaner. This article exhaustively tackles the concept, production process, benefits, challenges, and future of UCOME as a sustainable fuel solution.

What is UCOME?

Another short form for biodiesel is UCOME: Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester. Unlike traditional biodiesel, especially for most virgin vegetable oils, UCOME is manufactured from waste oils and animal fats. Therefore, it is more environmentally friendly than traditional biofuel. The low carbon footprint and high energy efficiency of this biodiesel makes it a potential substitute that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transport and industrial sectors.

Process for UCOME production

UCOME is formed through the transesterification chemical reaction, which is the reaction of waste oils and fats with methanol, usually catalyzed by sodium or potassium hydroxide. The result of the reaction is biodiesel in the form of methyl esters, while the resulting glycerin is a by-product that can also be used for other purposes. Using waste oils as feedstock makes the production process cost-effective but also substantially more sustainable.

Raw Materials Used in UCOME Manufacturing

The primary sources for the preparation of raw materials in UCOME manufacturing are used cooking oils obtained from restaurants and food processing industries, as well as waste fats from different sources of animals.These oils need to be  collected and purified from impurities for the conversion to biodiesel. This is a waste oil salvaging process recovered from dumps or unproductive disposal that severely harms the environment. 

The transesterification process is the primary one in the production of UCOME, wherein triglycerides (fats/oils) react chemically with methanol. In this process, a catalyst breaks down the triglycerides into FAME, which constitutes biodiesel. The by-product is glycerin that can be used in soaps and cosmetics. This is an efficient method that will transform waste oils into a quality fuel substitute.

Environmental Benefits of UCOME

Using UCOME offers many environmental advantages over fossil fuels. The use of UCOME reduces greenhouse gas emissions, decreases crude oil use, and ensures better management of waste.

Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The lifecycle emissions of UCOME are much less than petroleum diesel. Since the feedstock constitutes waste oils, the production avoids direct and indirect emissions related to growing, harvesting, and processing virgin oil crops, which ultimately produces a biodiesel with a much smaller carbon footprint, contributing towards the global effort toward mitigating climate change.

Waste Management and Recycling

The primary advantage of UCOME is waste management. UCOME reduces the volume of waste likely to be littered in a landfill or flown into water bodies through recycling used cooking oils. This not only avoids reducing environmental pollution but also helps in attaining circular economy change from waste to a valuable source of energy.

Economic Benefits of UCOME

The other significant implication of UCOME production is economic that is employment in the collection, processing, and distribution processes, hence supporting the local economy. Furthermore, by reducing partly fossil-based fuel imports, UCOME may increase the security level of the energy sector and therefore play a role in the development of renewable energy sources in the local sector.

UCOME vs. Traditional Biodiesel

Although UCOME and conventional biodiesel are renewable diesel sources, they differ in composition. UCOME comes from waste oils, whereas biodiesel traditionally comes from fresh vegetable oils, the main sources of which come from soybean or palm oil. This variation in feedstock affects the sustainability of the fuel source itself and also alters chemical properties, production costs, and environmental effects.

Chemical Composition and Quality

The chemical properties are almost the same as those of pure biodiesel, with a high cetane number and very good combustion characteristics. However, the quality of UCOME may vary depending on feedstock utilized and its preliminary quality. Proper refining and processing ensure that UCOME complies strictly with all international standards for biodiesel, such as EN 14214 and ASTM D6751.

Performance and Efficiency

On the performance level, UCOME has the ability to perform just as well or even better than traditional biodiesel for diesel engines. It offers higher lubricity that can make it last longer in an engine, and its combustion is cleaner—that is, with fewer particles leaving through the emissions, thereby making it a great option in sensitive environments.

Conclusion

UCOME is also an alternative to fossil fuel, which in itself is a sustainable and environment-friendly alternative. It can help reduce waste, improve energy security, and ultimately mitigate greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. UCOME would be very likely to develop favorably with the advancement of technology and ever-increasing policy support in the not-so-distant future.

Source:  https://ecoil.in/news-and-blogs/understanding-ucome-a-sustainable-fuel-solution

[tauforged]

had a good day at work today btw. supervisor taught us how to make a potassium hydroxide solution 😀 and we got to do bleach titrations again which was sooo fun it’s probably the coolest chemical reaction we get to do (i am partial to the calcium and alkalinity titrations too though. the transition is much more gradual yeah but they make such pretty shades of pink and blue and purple)

[avachemicals6]

DTPA POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

SPECIFICATIONS

Product Name : DTPA Potassium

Chemical Name: Zinc Salt Monohydrate

CAS No: 7446-19-7

Color & Physical Form : White Fine Powder

Assay : 40 % ( +/-1)

pH (1 wt % solution) : 11 – 12

Chelation value : 80 mg CaCo3 / g

Minimum Order Quantity : 100 Barrel

Active Ingredient : ZnSO4.H2O

Molecular Wt : 179.45 g/mol

Insoluble : NMT 0.1%

Application -

DTPA Pentapotassium is used in Electroplating, synthetic, paper industry, rubber, photography, printing inks.

[bluesky0086]

Effect of pressure treatment on the extraction rate of rice protein

Abstract: In this experiment, we used Jinjianxing No.2 rice (indica rice) as raw material, pressurized the rice, soaked it in distilled water to isolate the rice protein, and determined the protein content of the extracted rice by Kjeldahl method. The reaction conditions were optimized by orthogonal test to select the rice with low protein content. The experimental results showed that, under the condition that the treatment pressure was not greater than 0.2MPa, the pressure treatment conditions had no significant effect on the extraction rate of rice protein.

Rice is one of the staple foods of Chinese people, according to modern nutritional analysis, rice consists of protein, fat, vitamin B1, vitamin A, vitamin E and a variety of minerals. In terms of varieties, rice can be divided into round-grained rice, indica rice and glutinous rice. The distribution of various chemical components in the rice, directly determines its physiological characteristics. Only by understanding and mastering the chemical composition, nutritional value and physiological effects of various parts of rice, can we carry out rational development and research and utilization of rice. Protein content in rice is about 7.8% [1], although protein is not a rich material component in rice, but its role is the most important.

Rice protein has a high nutritional value and is a widely recognized cereal-based plant protein[2] . According to Osborne's classification[3] , rice proteins are divided into four types: glutelin, which can be dissolved in dilute acid and alkali, accounting for more than 80% of the total rice protein; globulins, which can be dissolved in a l0.5mol/L solution of NaC, accounting for 2%~10% of the total rice protein; albumins, which can be dissolved in water, accounting for 2%~5% of the total rice protein; alcohol-soluble protein, which can be dissolved in water, accounting for 2%~5% of the total rice protein; and alcohol-soluble protein, accounting for 2%~5% of the total rice protein. albumins, soluble in water, accounting for 2%~5% of total rice protein; alcohol soluble proteins (prola- mins), soluble in 70%~80% solution of ethanol, accounting for 1%~5% of total rice protein. Among them, storage proteins including gluten and alcohol-soluble proteins account for most of the rice protein, while the relatively low content of albumin and globulin are active proteins with physiological functions.

Low-protein rice is produced by reducing the protein content of rice, i.e., extracting the excess protein from the rice by a better process, while high pressure can to some extent improve the solubility characteristics of rice proteins. High pressure has a direct effect on increasing the solubility of rice proteins by changing the structure of the protein molecules or their state of existence. Compared with the process without autoclaving, autoclaving results in the gradual dissolution of rice protein molecules with higher molecular weights, and in the process produces rice protein molecules with smaller molecular weights[4] .

1 Experimental materials and equipment

1.1 Experimental materials

Raw material: Jinjianxing No. 2 rice (purchased from supermarkets, indica rice).

Reagents: anhydrous ether, concentrated sulfuric acid, distilled water, potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide, boric acid, mixed indicator (1 part of methyl red ethanol solution mixed with 5 parts of bromocresol green ethanol solution), hydrochloric acid, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and methyl red ethanol solution.

1.2 Instruments and equipment

Portable semi-automatic autoclave : Shanghai Yichuan Instrumentation Co.

JXFM110 Hammer Cyclone Mill : Shanghai Jiading Grain & Oil Instrument Co.

GZX-9070 MBE Digital Display Blast Drying Oven : Shanghai Boxun Industry Co.

DL-1 Universal Electric Furnace : Beijing Yong Guangming Medical Instrument Factory Co.

SRJX- 4 - 13 High Temperature Chamber Resistance Furnace : Qianjin Furnace Co.

FW80 High-speed Universal Pulverizer : Tianjin Tester Instrument Co.

LD5002 Electronic Balance : Longteng Electronics Co.

FA2104N Analytical Balance : Shanghai Minqiao Precision Scientific Instrument Co.

KDN-04A Digestion Oven : Shanghai Jinglong Scientific Instrument Co.

SKD-2000 Automatic Kjeldahl Nitrogen Determination Instrument : Shanghai Peio Analyzer Instrument Company, etc.

2 Experimental Methods

2.1 Determination of the basic composition of rice

2.1.1 Determination of moisture content of rice

Completed with reference to GB 5009.3-2010 National Standard for Food Safety Determination of Moisture in Food.

2.1.2 Determination of protein content of rice

Refer to the first method of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination in GB 5009.5-2010 Determination of Proteins in Foods.

2.1.3 Determination of fat content of rice

Refer to the Soxhlet extraction method in GB∕T 5009.6-2003 "Determination of fat in food".

2.1.4 Determination of the ash content of rice

Refer to the method in GB∕T 5009.4-2010 "Determination of Ash in Foods".

2.2 Rice protein extraction process

2.2.1 Rice protein extraction process route

Raw rice (dry basis) → pressure treatment → soaking in distilled water → draining → drying → milling → protein content measurement.

2.2.2 One-way experiment on rice protein extraction process

2.2.2.1 Effect of different pressures on the rate of protein reduction in rice

From the data found in the pressure does not exceed 0.25MPa conditions, rice protein at a temperature greater than 90 ℃ will not be completely denatured. Weighing the same mass of rice, respectively, placed in the pressure: 0.05MPa, 0.1MPa, 0.15MPa, 0.20MPa autoclave for 1h, remove the samples for protein content determination.

2.2.2.2 Effect of atmospheric soaking temperature on the rate of protein reduction in rice

The weighed rice was put into the temperature environment of 20℃, 40℃, 60℃, 80℃ and 100℃ respectively, and kept warm for 1h. Take out the sample for soaking for 24h, and then carry out the Kjeldahl method to determine the protein content of the test, the method is the same as above. Three parallel experiments were compared with the blank samples to take the average value.   2.2.2.3 Effect of soaking time on the rate of protein reduction in rice

An equal amount of rice samples were taken, stirred with distilled water and placed at room temperature of 25℃ for 1h, 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h, respectively, and then removed for protein content analysis, and the average of three parallel experiments was compared with that of the blank samples.

2.2.3 Orthogonal experiments

The main factors and levels affecting the extraction rate of rice protein were obtained through one-way experiments, and orthogonal experiments were carried out with orthogonal tables to finally obtain the optimal extraction process of rice protein.

2.3 Determination of rice protein content and calculation of extraction rate

2.3.1 Determination of protein content

In this paper, the protein content of rice was determined as an index, and the extraction rate of protein was calculated. The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method (GB 5009.5-2010 National Standard for Food Safety "Determination of Protein in Food").

2.3.2 Reduction rate of rice protein

where A is the rate of protein reduction in rice, a0 is the percentage of protein in the raw rice, and a1 is the percentage of protein in the pressure-treated sample rice.

3 Results and analysis

3.1 Determination of the content of rice components

The basic composition of Jinjianxing No. 2 rice (indica) on a dry basis is shown in Table 1. 3.2 Results of one-way experiments

3.2.1 Effect of soaking temperature on the reduction of rice protein

With a fixed steam pressure of 0.1MPa and a soaking time of 12h, the effect of different soaking temperatures on the extraction rate of rice protein is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 Effect of soaking temperature on the rate of protein reduction

It can be seen from Fig. 1 that, as the temperature increases, the reduction rate of rice protein slightly increases, because in a certain temperature range, as the temperature increases, gluten can better dissolve in alkali, which is conducive to the extraction of proteins. However, from the data, the temperature has very little effect on the extraction rate of rice protein, at the same time, too high a temperature will denature the protein, causing aggregation and precipitation of proteins, so that its solubility decreases, thus reducing the rate of protein extraction. Therefore, the extraction temperature should not be too high, but too low will affect the extraction effect, so choose 25 ℃ as the optimal temperature for the removal of rice protein.

3.2.2 Effect of soaking time on protein reduction in rice

Fig. 2 Effect of soaking time on the rate of protein reduction

From Fig. 2, it can be seen that the reduction rate of rice protein increases with the increase of soaking time. When the extraction time was extended from 1h to 36h, the rate of protein reduction increased significantly, but when the extraction time was greater than 36h, the rate of reduction increased slowly without change, probably because the alkali-soluble proteins in the rice have been basically dissolved, so to extend the soaking time, the rate of reduction increased slowly, so the choice of 36h is the best soaking time.

3.2.3 Effect of pressure treatment on protein reduction in rice

Fig. 3 Effect of vapor pressure on the rate of protein reduction

 Fixed soaking time of 12h, soaking temperature of 25℃, under the condition of steam pressure not more than 0.2MPa, the effect of different steam pressures on the reduction of rice protein is shown in Fig. 3.

It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the reduction of rice protein tends to increase with the increase of steam pressure. This is because high pressure treatment affects the molecular structure of protein and increases its solubility. However, at steam pressures less than 0.2MPa, the increasing trend is not significant.

4 Conclusion

Under the condition of pressure less than 0.2MPa, when using a certain steam pressure to treat rice to produce low-protein rice, the factors that affect the protein content of rice in descending order are soaking time, treatment pressure and soaking temperature. The rice protein extraction process was optimized through one-way and orthogonal experiments, i.e., the raw material rice was soaked at 25℃ under 0.2MPa pressure for 36h, and the reduction rate of rice protein was 15.92% under this process; under the condition of pressure not greater than 0.2MPa, the effect of pressure treatment on the extraction rate of rice protein was not significant.

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