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casavanihomes · 6 days ago

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Cotton: A Comprehensive Guide to History, Uses, and Sustainability

President of the United States Cotton-Ruling: Past, Present and Future Have you heard of cotton making money? Oh yes! The US dollar contains 75% cotton. Cotton is of supreme importance in various parts of the world. This article will detail an entire study of cotton from history through uses and ending with its sustainability.

History of Cotton Cotton has so much historical background attached. It actually goes back to some ancient times. Then cotton spread all over the world.

Cotton and Ancient Civilizations From the ancient far past, cotton has been applied to some thousands of years. It was known to have been worked in ancient India in the Indus Valley Civilization in about 6000 BC. The ancient Egyptians used cotton fabric too. In South America, they grew cotton. These cultures had in their own way very high esteem for cotton. They used it for clothing and even rituals. Cotton played a big role in their livelihoods and economies.

The Cotton Trade and Revolution The entire cotton trade became a big time business during colonialism. Options for growing cotton were expanding. And then came a revolutionary device, the cotton gin, that made processing of cotton an easy and cheap affair. Because of this production surged. During the industrial revolution, the textile industry was bosom fast in her growth. That was all seen to fill the picture with a rather host of negatives. Because to such trade depended on slavery, problems developed that were humanly unbearable in terms of social and economic status.

Types and Properties of Cotton Different types of cotton exist. Each type has its specific characteristic.

Varieties of Cotton Upland cotton is by far the most common type. Egyptian cotton is famous for its long fiber. Pima cotton is one more type considered high quality. Each different type is associated with different sizes and strengths of fiber, giving a variable feel and longevity to the cotton.

Characteristics of Cotton Soft and comfortable, cotton is great for any clothes. It can absorb water very well. Air passes through it easily. It is great for clothing as it is durable yet shrinks. When put together, all these qualities make cotton an ideal material for much use.

Uses of Cotton for Many Purposes Cotton is used in a myriad of ways, from clothing to medicine and anything in between.

Cotton in Clothing and Textile Cotton is the fiber of choice for clothing. Although t-shirts, jeans, and dresses are familiar, cotton is also used for household items such as towels and bedding. Denim is one form of cotton fabric in a long list of cotton fabric constructions: from simple ones such as twill to more complex jersey fabrics. All of these varieties find applications for industrial fabrics as well.

Cotton Beyond Textile Cotton has a host of other uses. Cotton is used in cotton balls and swabs. It's used in hygiene products. Cottonseed oil comes from cotton seeds. The leftover is called animal feed.

Environmental Impact of Cotton Production Cultivation of cotton can prove hazardous to the environment.

Water Usage and Irrigation It is a thirsty crop, the growing of which can trigger water scarcity. Farmers apply irrigation on their farms. But this can be harmful to the environment. So saving water is a must.

Pesticide Application and Soil Degradation Pesticides are mostly used by farmers upon cotton crops. These chemicals can harm insects as well as human beings. Continuous planting of cotton can also lead to the degradation of the soil.

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stitchperfect1 · 1 year ago

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A Strategic Guide to Launching Your Profitable T-shirt Business in India

In an era saturated with mainstream fashion, the pursuit of personal style drives countless individuals to seek out distinctive forms of self-expression. Crafting your own T-shirts presents a remarkable chance to showcase your individuality, and at Stitch Perfect, we enhance this journey by providing custom printed T-shirt designs that perfectly reflect your unique identity.

Embarking on the journey of a profitable t-shirt business in India requires a blend of strategy, market understanding, and a keen eye for opportunities. Here’s your comprehensive guide to navigate the nuances of this dynamic industry.

Starting Strong: The Blueprint for Success

Starting a t-shirt business demands time, effort, and resources, with profitability emerging as the ultimate goal. However, success lies in understanding the unique dynamics of the Indian market. Limited collections may not sustain a new brand; however, a broader product category is recommended to maximize the impact of advertising efforts.

Market Dynamics: Beyond the Fantasy

In India, market dynamics differ significantly from Western countries. A tailored approach is crucial. Before diving in, thorough research on market preferences and trends is imperative.

If you are looking for a t shirt manufacturer in India than contact us at +919167394967.

Product Obsession vs. Profit Focus

While product passion is essential, the focus should shift to creating items that sell in large volumes. Profitability is the key from day one, allowing for sustainable business growth and brand development.

Investments & Online Presence: Building Your Brand

Starting an online store opens doors to a myriad of opportunities. Greed, when channeled positively, becomes a powerful business tool. Capitalize on the online T-shirt market with strategic investments and a clear vision of future trends.

Storming the Market with an Inventory Model

Printed t-shirts dominate the market, but there’s untapped potential in exploring diverse fabric compositions. Opt for the Inventory Model, setting prices at 4X cost-price for a profitable venture. Professional product photography becomes a crucial investment.

We Stitch perfect are a T-shirt supplier with affordable rates.

Trending Styles and Fabrics

Understanding market trends is paramount. Unisex round neck and full sleeve tees, oversized tees, polo shirts, and sweatshirts are currently in vogue. Diversify with fabric compositions like combed cotton, Pima cotton, bamboo cotton, rayon/viscose, organic cotton, and cotton-polyester blends.

Quality Matters: Basics of T-shirt Quality

To ensure customer satisfaction, address issues like shrinkage, color fastness, print durability, linting, and accurate measurements. Quality assurance forms the foundation of a successful t-shirt business.

Conclusion: Paving the Path to Profitable Heights

Transitioning from a budding venture to a profitable printed t-shirt business requires a strategic blend of product appeal, market understanding, and a profit-centric mindset. Navigate the challenges, stay abreast of trends, and watch your t-shirt business flourish in the diverse and dynamic Indian market.

For more details visit our website https://stitchperfect.co.in

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jlunnposh · 2 years ago

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Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: Caslon Nordstrom Grayish Green Pima Cotton Long Sleeve T-Shirt Tee Women's Small.

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garmentappareldony · 2 years ago

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Top Fabric Suggestions for Fashion Brand T-Shirts

T-shirt fashion is no longer strange to fashionistas and is not out of fashion. This T-shirt brings youthful and dynamic beauty. It is also an easy-to-match design suitable for many ages and regardless of gender.

T-shirts come in many different designs and styles. If before, T-shirts were quite monotonous in terms of design, now T-shirt fashion has had a breakthrough in design, from round necks, heart necks, V-necks, square necks, to cut-neck designs very unique to the fashion house.

Besides, there is the flexibility of the length and width of the t-shirt fashion to be able to suit customers. In addition to the usual designs, the length and width can also be changed to suit each body shape.

But you need to keep in mind that T-shirts have a dynamic design and are often used for everyday fashion and sportswear, so it is also important to use the right fabric to make this type of shirt.

T-shirt fabric should be a fabric that has good breathability, feels soft to the user, and because it is designed for everyday fashion, it is important to use a fabric that can be easily washed to attract consumers.

Designing t-shirts is a pretty good and safe idea for new brands as well as everyday fashion brands. So the following article offers suggestions on the most suitable fabrics to use for making T-shirts. Let’s start with the first fabric.

1Cotton 100%

Origins and history

No one knows when cotton fabric appeared, but Mexican scientists have found pieces of cotton fabric in caves and they are proven to be at least 7,000 years old, the same cotton fabric as commonly grown cotton in America today.

In the Idus valley in Pakistan, cotton was grown and used for weaving around 3000 BC, and at that time, the people living in the Nile River of Egypt knew how to use cotton cloth to make clothes and sew them into everyday items.

Arab traders brought this fabric to Europe in 800 BC. By the time Commumbus discovered America in 1492, he also found cotton growing in the Bahama Islands, and by 1500, cotton was widely known around the world.

Cotton seeds are thought to have been planted in Florida in 1556 and in Virginia in 1607, and by 1616, colonists had planted cotton along the James River in Virginia.

During the Industrial Revolution in England, cotton was first produced by machines in 1730, around the time cotton gins were also invented. This is considered a milestone, paving the way for cotton’s position in the world today.

Currently, cotton is produced in more than 100 countries around the world, of which China, India, Pakistan, the United States, Brazil, and Uzbekistan account for 80% of the world’s cotton production.

Properties of cotton fabric

Cotton is soft and does not cause irritation to the wearer. It is considered the most important fiber in the world because most clothing is made of cotton or cotton mixed with other fibers.

Cotton is a natural fiber with good breathability, making it extremely suitable for everyday wear. It is a completely natural fabric, so cotton does not cause irritation, which is perfect. Perfect for sensitive skin and baby skin.Besides, this fabric also plays a big part in protecting the environment when it can be self-degradable and bio-renewable without causing harm to the environment.

2Pima Cotton

Origins and history

Pima cotton is considered the best cotton fiber in the world, so it is not surprising that American farmers are eager to grow this plant on their farms. Pima cotton thus became a popular cultivar on the islands of Southern California in the 1790s through selective self-cross-pollination with Egyptian cultivars during the 19th century.

Originally, this cotton variety was called American-Egyptian cotton because of its origin. This is a unique extra-long staple that offers incredibly high quality that’s incredibly soft, durable, and incredibly luxurious.

It wasn’t until the early 1900s when the U.S. Department of Agriculture worked with the Pima tribe of Arizona to perfect the crop and also to honor these pioneer farmers. The USDA has named this fabric “ Pima Cotton”.

The year 1950 was a breakthrough year for Pima Cotton seeds and outstanding crop quality innovation because of the hard work of Pima farmers in California’s San Joaquin Valley.

Currently, the amount of Pima cotton yarn only accounts for about 3% of all cotton produced in the United States. With specific growing conditions and weather requirements in temperate climates, the world production of pima cotton is very small.

Properties of Pima cotton fabric

According to the physical properties of the fabric, the long cotton fibers will help the bonds be stronger than the short cotton fibers. This extremely different feature of Pima yarn makes Pima cotton fabric considered a very rare cotton fiber and the best cotton in the world.

The highlight of Pima cotton is that the cotton fiber has a length greater than 50% of the length of ordinary cotton yarn, so Pima fabric has 5 times better shrink resistance than ordinary cotton fabrics.

Therefore, the durability of this fabric is considered extremely good. Users will never have to deal with the new shirt being deformed in the first wash because the durability of the Pima Cotton fabric is extremely excellent.

Pima cotton fabric also inherits the good characteristics of cotton fabric when it has high absorbency to help the wearer always feel cool and this material does not retain body odor. Besides, this fabric also helps the dye color be brighter. The dye color lasts a long time and is difficult to fade.

3Standard Cotton

Standard cotton fabric usually has the main fabric, which is cotton yarn, which is mixed with other fabrics to produce fabric products with good properties and suitable for the needs of users.

An obvious example is cotton fabric. Although it has good breathability, it is easy to wrinkle after washing, so people often combine cotton fabric with polyester yarn, with the ratio depending on the needs of the designer to give fabric that is both breathable and does not wrinkle easily.

We do not recommend the use of 100% polyester fabric for t-shirt design because, as said, t-shirt fashion is considered a kind of daily fashion and sports fashion, so the breathability in the fabric is very important.

Properties of standard cotton fabric

This fabric will be cheaper than 100% cotton fabric, but the quality this fabric brings to the user is quite good. Often, cotton yarn will be mixed with polyester yarn and one to a few other fibers to produce a fabric that has all the good properties of the combined fibers.

No matter what type of yarn it is, in the design of a t-shirt, the cotton yarn in the fabric mixture always needs to be the largest proportion because the properties of the cotton fibers are mostly good, and the only necessary thing is to overcome the limitations of the wrinkles of the fabric.

Usually, fabrics made from a combination of cotton and polyester will have good breathability, lightness, and durability. Polyester fibers in the fabric will help the fabric to be less wrinkled even after machine washing, saving roughening time and helping to increase the durability of the clothes.

4Cotton Premium

The point that makes premium cotton fabric different from other fabrics is that the process of making it is extremely meticulous and elaborate. The fabric is delicately woven together with the removal of residual fibers in the weaving process to produce a higher quality fabric.

The cotton yarn is woven around a certain mechanism to ensure that the resulting fabric is softer and more durable. During this weaving process, the cotton yarn will also be twisted in a consistent pattern to give the yarn a tight and durable bond.

Properties of premium cotton fabrics

Because it is produced by an extremely elaborate weaving process, the result of this high-quality fabric is also very valuable in terms of quality. This is a fabric with outstanding softness and smoothness that creates a fine. In addition, in the production process, high-grade cotton fiber also has a process to remove impurities. This makes the finished cotton product more soft and smooth.

5Final words

Each fabric will have a different use, so designers need to weigh them carefully to be able to decide to use the right umbrella for the project. Because it is considered a sports and everyday fashion, the quality of the fabric is especially important for fashion projects.

source: https://garment.dony.vn/suggestions-for-t-shirt-fabrics-for-fashion-brands/

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justused · 2 years ago

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Cotton tunic tops

#COTTON TUNIC TOPS HOW TO#

#COTTON TUNIC TOPS PLUS#

#COTTON TUNIC TOPS FREE#

Designer styles and prints reflect a fine fusion of western and Indian styles. Cotton tunics can be found in the form of short kurtis that are great as Indian ethnic wear. Accessorise your outfits for a different look each day.Ĭotton is ideal for the hot summer weathers and makes great comfort wear. Lace tunics can be worn with printed jeans or leggings in a variety of styles. This fabric considered a wardrobe staple and a classic style is finding its way into modern day fashion through fashionable shirts, tops and designer tunic tops. These fabrics are lightweight and limp and cling to the body making women look slimmer. Oversized Voop-Neck Cotton Tunic Sweater for Women. They can be worn as formal or semi-formal outfits with trousers or worn with leggings for a more casual and comfortable look. Check out the tunic tops shop for great deals on fashionable styles.

#COTTON TUNIC TOPS FREE#

Save 5 with coupon (some sizes/colors) FREE Shipping on orders over 25 shipped by Amazon. These sheet lightweight fabrics make great tunic tops for women. Women Cotton Tunic Tops Womens Casual Short Sleeve Tunic Tops Scoop Neck T Shirts Summer Loose Fit Tunics Blouse 12.28 12. Women's Chambray Button Down Shirt, Long Sleeve Cotton Blouse, Long Jeans Tunic Top. Due to the versatility of ladies tunic tops, they are made in a variety of styles and fabrics to create different designer looks. Vine Pima Cotton Tunic The wedding guest edit Keep it classic in a satin midi. leaving women with a wider option to style their outfits with. Find stylish womens tunic tops in a variety of colors and styles at LOFT. These tops are typically longer than regular tops and can be worn with jeans, jeggings, leggings etc.

#COTTON TUNIC TOPS HOW TO#

Our items are very good quality cottons with. How to Accessorise Tunic Tops A perfect tunic for women is one that not only can be styled in many ways but also suits your body shape perfectly. Indigo Jungle, Vine Motif Block-Printed Cotton Tunic in Indigo from India. Our relaxed fit womens organic shirts are a great match for your leggings. Radiant Orchid Blossom, Womens Purple and Lilac Floral Print Tunic from India.

#COTTON TUNIC TOPS PLUS#

The age old block print style combined with modern designs makes for very special offerings.Īdditionally, we carry all sizes, regular as well as all plus sizes for your convenience.Tunic tops reflect a versatile blend of the western and Indian in the Indian fashion scenario. Shop very beautiful, printed and embroidered pure cotton tunic dress and Indian cotton embroidered tops. This tunic top for women is crafted from ultra-soft fair trade organic cotton. Old Navy provides the latest fashions at great prices for the whole family. Long Sleeve Floral White Blouse Hand Embroidered in. Old Navy is where fun and value meet fashion. Embroidered cotton long tunic, White Blooms - Long Sleeve Floral White Blouse Hand. Ayurvastram provides the best quality block print Indian cotton tunic tops. Check out the tunic tops shop for great deals on fashionable styles. Our many tunics feature special age old hand embroideries that render a special texture to the fabric. Our items are very good quality cottons with beautiful hand block style prints and absolutely lovely hand embroideries and machine embroideries. Shop very beautiful, printed and embroidered pure cotton tunic dress and Indian cotton embroidered tops. Roamans Womens Plus Size Short-Sleeve V-Neck Ultimate Tunic Long T-Shirt Tee. Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. Gorgeous solid and/or printed embroidered tunics is Cotton, Rayon, Linen, Georgette, Crepes and more! 1-48 of over 20,000 results for 'long cotton tunics for women' RESULTS.

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sustainme-in · 5 years ago

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We proudly launched our 2nd collection of Mens t-shirts lines made with 100% pima cotton price at INR.499/-inc.all taxes with free organic bag . . Click our weblink in bio...and check our complete collection . . Supima is twice as strong as regular cotton, which makes for extraordinary resilient products. . The Longer fiber resists pilling, breaking and tearing resulting in fashion and home products that are incredibly resilient and keep their form for a longer-lasting product. . Constructed using fine quality Pima cotton, enhance your appeal like never before with this dalisay Pima Short sleeves t-shirt with Round Neck. . Complete with recycled labels, this t-shirt is the perfect representation of sustainable fashion. The color is ideal for all occasions. . 🧶100% Pima Cotton . . 🎨Skin-friendly dyes . 🎨Fabric Colour : available in all the colours . . 🖍️With Sustainable logo, Print ink is oil based dyes . . ♻️Recycled trims and labels . ♻️packaging in organic bag . #pima #pumatshirt #supimacotton #pimacotton #supima #tshirts #sustainablefashion #sustainablity #sustainable #sustainme #noplastic #noplasticbags (at Bangalore, India) https://www.instagram.com/p/B45DzShHjyG/?igshid=c2le0etna521

#pima #pumatshirt #supimacotton #pimacotton #supima #tshirts #sustainablefashion #sustainablity #sustainable #sustainme #noplastic #noplasticbags

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quapri-giftings · 23 days ago

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Quapri Premium Custom Polo T-shirts

Custom Polo T-shirts by Quapri are unparalleled in softness and durability. Crafted with Pima cotton, which is the finest, these shirts provide a luxurious touch to every part of your body while offering versatile styling options for any occasion you may have. Whether it’s dressing up casually or you’re lounging at home, our Pima T-shirts are the perfect addition to your wardrobe. Dress to impress and stay cool and dry in high-quality Pima cotton.

Pima Polo T-shirts: Personalize your look with a personalized touch from our Custom Pima Polo T-Shirts. Express your unique style through a wide range of colours in combination with embroidery or print to create a standout look. Ideal for customizing your logo or branding on a great, quality fabric, these custom polos never go out of style and are ideal for your line.

Men’s Pima Polo T-Shirts: Our Pima Polo T-Shirts for Men combine classic design with the luxurious comfort of Pima cotton. Ideal for casual and semi-formal events, the polo t-shirts can seamlessly be matched with jeans or shorts. Enjoy the ease and comfort of custom polo t-shirts: your cool and style day-end companion.

Custom Polos for Men: Try Quapri’s perfect fit in our Men’s Custom Polos. At Quapri, we provide tailored options so that you get a polo that suits your style as well as comfort needs. Create your custom design today with personalized polos for any occasion. The luxurious feel of Pima cotton combined with the custom options makes these polos a must-have in your wardrobe.

Personalized Pima Polo Shirts: Our customized Pima polo shirts are perfect for teams, events, and corporate branding. With the highest quality embroidery options, you can showcase your logo or message while enjoying the softness of Pima cotton. These customized polos offer style and practicality, so are ideal for businesses looking for branded apparel.

High-Quality Pima Cotton Shirts: All our shirts, including the High-Quality Pima Cotton Shirts, are made with a focus on detail and quality commitment. Experience the luxury of Pima cotton while knowing that you are investing in an efficient, stylish wardrobe staple. Our shirts are made to be eco-friendly, hypoallergenic, and breathable, so your comfort is never at stake.

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galaxydigitalprintblr-blog · 6 years ago

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Know Your Choice of Printing Methods for T-shirts and Other Garments

The most popular method of creating impressions on T-shirts is by screen printing. Many other things go into the manufacture of good T-shirts such as choice of garment material, selection of printing ink, and technique of printing among other things.

Here we see the many types of printing and some of the garment fabric choices.

Method of Dye Sublimation

Dye Sublimation Printing is one way of printing designs and logos onto garments. This is the preferred method for light colored fabrics. This method is expensive but the end product is wonderful. The downside is that one should have deep knowledge about dyes and printing. This is not suitable for cotton fabrics.

You get the best Customized Sublimation Printing Service in India as there are many professional printers there. You need liquid dye and polyester fabric. The ink is allowed to dry on the fabric and then heat is applied along with pressure. How this works is through the change of state of the ink. It becomes a gas and slips into the gaps of the fabric. It then solidifies to form the print pattern.

The Vinyl Cutters Method

A similar process is the Vinyl Cutters method. Here we cut pieces of vinyl of the desired color and we press them to the paper. The vinyl adheres to the paper and we can use them on our garment with ease. The obvious advantage is that we get a high-quality design that is very customizable. We can change the pattern for different T-shirts and so it works well when the number of shirts needed is limited. It is not cost-effective for large orders. When you want to show plenty of designs and complex backgrounds, this works fine.

Direct to Garment Method

For the do-it-yourself enthusiasts, the Direct to Garment is the preferred method. You will only need the ink and the textile printer for this. Upload the design to the computer, this allows you to customize the design to your liking. So, you can make very complicated designs Sublimation Printing in Delhi and you get a high degree of accuracy. This is preferable if you have a small order. It is not cost effective for a large number of orders.

Material Used for Making T-shirts

Popular garment choices include rayon, polyester, cotton, and modern fabric like Rib knit. Rayon made out of wood pulp, woody plants, and cotton has a silky feel but will wrinkle. Such materials are breathable and comfortable to wear. Pima is high-quality cotton available in the Americas and Australia.

It resists fading, stretching, and pilling. Further, it becomes softer with wear. Linen is another choice for making a garment. It wrinkles but is cool to wear. It is made from the flax plant. The reason it is cool is that it dries fast. Modal is a type of rayon that has a wonderful drape. It resists shrinking.

The choice of T-shirt material will affect its design. Use of a suitable method of printing will give you a good T-shirt that is both attractive and comfortable to wear. Before you start out, make sure you have the equipment for printing, otherwise, give your order to a professional.

#Customized Sublimation Printing Service in India #Sublimation Printing in Delhi

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johnettecardella-blog · 7 years ago

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How to Get Blood Out Of Bed Sheets

Step three: Add Filling Place a lightweight blanket on top of the center sheet starting 6 inches under the highest of the mattress. For example, you've got to add each pillow case separately, in addition to every bamboo sheet. You will be capable to make fabulous trying skirts and t shirts, as well as blouses and ladies' trousers. This will result in folks making errors. Good for individuals with allergies and chemical sensitivity. It at all times seems bizarre that those individuals who've cleaners who work at residence normally appear to keep their residence cleaner than those who don’t. I also use the third one (sure, I've 3!) for my coloured copy paper. This is an Yr End Offer and valid for simply few days,so use it soon. It doesn't matter what kind of bedding you want, they provide a wide range of colours, textures, and supplies to meet your wants. Our 320 thread depend bamboo sheets are woven with a brilliant advantageous yarn, this is what offers SleepBamboo fabric the extremely clean cashmere sort of really feel to it.

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The solvent used to course of the fibers is 99% recyclable. Pillows you set your head on ought to lay flat, Garcia mentioned, and all decorative pillows should stand up. I threw my blanket, pillows on the bottom and flipped my mattress and found two extra! Writer: KittyGirl Organic latex mattress has been coined as the only sort of latex mattress. With organic crib bedding, there is much much less of an opportunity of skin irritation occurring. It is perhaps straightforward to choose natural crib bedding. Some would possibly wish to take the journey because it is an inexpensive ticket. You want your fitted hospital sheet to remain in place, proper? But, you’re confused whether to purchase cotton or silk bed sheet. Do you know that 93% of cotton grown within the US in 2010 was genetically modified (a GMO)? You'll be able to decide fromthe collection of electric blankets, down blankets, woolen blankets,Bamboo Cotton Blankets and cotton blankets. I also love cotton for its breathable nature.

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7000feeno · 7 years ago

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Today I am going to talk about the tedious production of a simple cotton t-shirt and maybe help you to realise that there is a lot more to it than it seems!

The cotton gin is where cotton fiber is separated from the cotton seed. The first step in the ginning process is when the cotton is vacuumed into tubes that carry it to a dryer to reduce moisture and improve the fiber quality. Then it runs through cleaning equipment to remove leaf trash, sticks and other foreign matter.

Ginning is accomplished by one of two methods. Cotton varieties with shorter staple or fiber length are ginned with saw gins. This process involves the use of circular saws that grip the fibers and pull them through narrow slots.

The seeds are too large to pass through these openings, resulting in the fibers being pulled away from the seed. Long fiber cottons must be ginned in a roller gin because saw gins can damage their delicate fibers. The roller gin was invented in India centuries ago and this concept is still used in modern gins. Long staple cottons, like Pima, separate from the seed more easily than Upland varietie. A roller gin uses a rough roller to grab the fiber and pull it under a rotating bar with gaps too small for the seed to pass.

The raw fiber, now called lint, makes its way through another series of pipes to a press where it is compressed into bales (lint packaged for market), banded with eight steel straps, sampled for classing, wrapped for protection then loaded onto trucks for shipment to storage yards, textile mills and foreign countries. The cotton industry has adopted a standard for a bale of cotton, 55 inches tall, 28 inches wide, and 21 inches thick, weighing approximately 500 pounds. A bale meeting these requirements is called a universal density bale. This is enough cotton to make 325 pairs of denim jeans.

Every bale of cotton is classed from a sample taken after its formation. The classing of cotton lint is the process of measuring fiber characteristics against a set of standards (grades). Classing is done by experts, called classers, who use scientific instruments to judge the samples of lint. All standards are established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Once the quality of the cotton bale is determined, pricing parameters are set and the lint may be taken to market. Cotton marketing is the selling and buying of cotton lint. Cotton is priced in cents per pound when sold and the price is negotiated according to the cotton's quality. After baling, the cotton lint is hauled to either storage yards, textile mills, or shipped to foreign countries. After all of this it goes through the processes that we see more of; the marketing and packaging of the product, where it is given the touch it needs to hit the shops and eventually to be consumed. Then the final process, a process that is sometimes overlooked, is the recycling and reuse of the product, with this being done, it helps ensure the environment is less-harmed and is a step forward in sustainability.

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njawaidofficial · 8 years ago

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Made in America: Four Fashion Designers on What It Takes To Do So

http://styleveryday.com/2017/07/21/made-in-america-four-fashion-designers-on-what-it-takes-to-do-so/

Made in America: Four Fashion Designers on What It Takes To Do So

Nanette Lepore, Billy Reid, Edie Parker’s Brett Heyman and Laurel Berman of Black Halo discuss the how and why of crafting their collections in New York, L.A. and points in between.

President Donald Trump kicked off “Made in America Week” on Monday, an event his administration planned “to celebrate American manufacturing,” he said. A press conference that day at the White House included a display of products from all 50 states, from Tennessee-made Gibson guitars to farm equipment made by Illinois-based Caterpillar. But unless you count the Stetson cowboy hats (made in Texas) or the NASA space suits (manufactured in Delaware), fashion was not widely addressed. Media pundits posited that the reason could be rooted in a desire to not draw focus to Ivanka Trump’s eponymous line, which does not include any U.S.-made products.

What are the challenges of crafting fashion in America? Pret-a-Reporter asked four designers who are producing all or part of their collections domestically — Nanette Lepore, Billy Reid, Edie Parker founder and creative director Brett Heyman, and Laurel Berman, designer and founder of L.A.-based Black Halo — to discuss why “Made in the U.S.” is key to their labels.

What percentage of your collection is produced in the U.S.?

Nanette Lepore: We manufacture approximately 80 percent of our product in Manhattan, within a five-block radius of my studio in the Garment District.

Billy Reid: There are variables in each collection, but typically 50 percent of what we do is made domestically: in the Garment District as well as Chicago, San Francisco, Tennessee, North Carolina and Alabama. And for the first time, our K. Swiss collection is 100-percent made here, in upstate New York near Rochester, in a factory that’s been around since the 1870s.

Brett Heyman: All of our acrylic bags, including the hinges and the rivets, are produced in the US: The sheets of acrylic are poured in New Jersey, the hinges and rivets are made in New York, and the bags are assembled in Illinois.

Laurel Berman: The collection is 100-percent made in Los Angeles. Since we started more than 12 years ago, it’s been part of the DNA of the brand.

What about the percentage not produced here?

Heyman: The one piece on the acrylic bags not manufactured here is the clasp, which is made in China because it became totally unaffordable to manufacture here. The clasps are made on a machine, and that was a cost savings we couldn’t give up. And we make our leather bags in Italy, where there are skilled artisans and people are paid a fair wage.

Berman: We do source our fabrics outside the U.S. We are showing the world that L.A. can do fashion other than denim and T-shirts, but the problem is that we don’t produce many other fabrics here. I love sourcing fabrics from trade shows in New York and Paris and here in L.A., but I’ll also shop for them worldwide.

Reid: We make a lot of things in Italy. One thing about U.S. manufacturing is that, other than denim, it’s very difficult to get luxury raw materials in the domestic market. We develop our textiles in Italy, France and Japan, and we get our pima cotton from Peru. We do a few things in China, mainly technical outerwear, because they really are pros at that.

Lepore: We usually send our embroidered or beaded garments to China or India to be manufactured, as it’s almost impossible anymore to find factories that do handwork and fine-detail embroideries in the U.S. Full fashion knitwear is another category that’s difficult to make in the U.S. When I first began making sweaters they were manufactured in San Francisco, but those factories have since closed.

Why is it important to you to produce your collection in the U.S.?

Reid: It’s something I’ve always believed in; when I started my business [in 1998], it was a one-man operation; I had one room at the Chelsea Hotel that was my office, my studio and my showroom. I lived in the Garment Center, going from one place to get patterns made and then taking them to the cutter, all in the heat of the summer. As complicated as it was, there was such a sense of pride in doing that. And I’ve worked with those same factories for nearly 20 years now, and those relationships mean something.

Lepore: I have better control over my fit; my team and I spend hours perfecting the fit of every piece. So we need to be sure the factories we use will not destroy the fit of my garments. I’m always panicked about the fit of the styles coming from overseas. We also have a quicker turn time from cutting and sewing to store selling floor. With China, orders need to be finalized six months ahead. In New York City we can turn garments in four weeks. We can re-cut strong styles, and we can cut small quantities.

Heyman: I had been collecting vintage acrylic clutches since high school, and the whole point in launching Edie Parker [in 2012] was paying tribute to the post-World War II period in America, when we were setting fashion trends and using all these new materials. It didn’t feel right to make this very American fashion bag in, say, Bangladesh.

Berman: Being able to have a tight control over fit and quality was the biggest reason.

How would you define the biggest challenges to a made-in-America philosophy?

Heyman: Made in America costs more because we pay our laborers fair wages; it’s a different cost proposition. There are all kinds of great benefits, but it is more expensive.

Berman: Finding good contractors can be a challenge, and once you find them, you have to keep them happy by juggling your cuts and giving them a steady stream of work every month. They have to keep the machines going, and if you aren’t doing that, then you’re giving someone else the opportunity to slip in there, and then you have to get in line. And with the minimum wage going up to $15 in the next couple of years, that will affect the cost of garments made in Los Angeles. I do see it as good and something that will better our community. We’re absorbing the cost to our best ability right now as the price creeps up, but it does have an effect on our bottom line.

Lepore: We will be facing problems trying to maintain our price points as the minimum wage rises. My factories are also having problems managing their rents, as landlords continue to skyrocket the rents in New York. They have been dealing with the real-estate problem by shrinking their factories and squishing into smaller spaces.

Reid: Most of the raw materials have to be imported these days, so you’re dealing with an import tax that adds to the cost of your garment. And labor costs are also more expensive. So your customer has to be with you on that, an idea of, “We know it’s going to be at this price, and we expect that because you’re making it in the U.S.”

What are the advantages?

Heyman: Quality control is a real advantage; I and the people in my office go to the factories all the time. It also allows us to be very nimble: If I’ve missed a trend, I can correct that pretty quickly. And there’s a great feel-good element, too.

Berman: It’s easy to keep a close eye on fit and construction, and we can respond to problems. You get to have different layers of quality control, so you can have things stopped and corrected.

Reid: We have 13 stores, so if we’ve got a program that’s running well, it’s easier to fill in things that are working well for us. One of our best pieces last season was a suede trench coat we made in New York City: We did a very limited run of just 24, and we sold out of them within a week. If I had done that piece in China or Korea, the minimum quantity would have been a couple hundred, and I can’t digest that many pieces at once. We also want a piece like that to feel special, and our customers would prefer it to feel special. They like that we only made 24 pieces of that trench.

Lepore: If you are a small, up-and-coming designer, you have the ability to cut and sew small lots in New York factories. It’s almost impossible to get a factory in China to sew less than 300 units. Most factories in New York will accept lots of 50 units or less. Another advantage is being able to walk in off the street and find new contractors who will take your production. That just wouldn’t be possible for someone working overseas.

Do you feel like it’s gotten easier or harder to produce a collection here?

Heyman: I think there is a lot of opportunity here, and a lot of support. Organizations like the Council of Fashion Designers of America are great with helping to find local resources. But we’re also dealing with knockoffs from China and other countries. They get an identical look — not in feel or quality — that comes out quickly at half the price, and that comes with its own set of challenges.

Lepore: I think we have not given our garment factories the government support they need, on any level: local, state or national. There’s a lot of talk, but the right actions are never put into place. The New York City Mayor’’s office is trying to create a garment-manufacturing hub in Sunset Park [in Brooklyn], but there are still many problems with that plan that are yet to be resolved. Another fix I’m a big believer in: If every big American brand produced just a few styles a month in the U.S., it would support our factories and enable them to continue our heritage of American craftsmanship.

Reid: I would say it’s easier, because it’s somewhat stabilized. People have figured out how to do it well, and I don’t think you could say that five years ago. But now you see a lot more factories open and a whole wave of passionate people who want to make things and make them special and make them here in the U.S.

What advice would you give a designer about making the commitment to producing in the U.S.?

Lepore: If you want to build a brand on a small budget, the only way to do it is in the local factories. But please stay loyal to the factories that toiled for you.

Heyman: I think it’s totally worth it. Another great benefit, for ready to wear, is that you can get away with much smaller minimums; you don’t have to order something in the thousands. I would suggest focusing on a core competency that you can get really good at; manufacturing here allows you to do that, and it’s a smart way to grow a business.

Berman: Find a good contractor and be loyal and consistent. And don’t give up: The ability to produce in the U.S. is out there; you just have to work for it.

Reid: Focus your idea, and don’t over-assort your collection. Master the process of making something in the U.S. by going through all the hurdles to learn what you’re doing with just one specific thing. Quality over quantity is key when you’re starting out.

Do you recall a moment which best sums up that you made the right decision to produce your collection in the U.S.?

Lepore: Yes! I started my business [in 1992] as a small shop called Robespierre, in the East Village between a gas station and a soup kitchen. The rent was $500 a month. I begged my dad and brother to each loan me $5,000. I bought fabrics from the jobbers in designer leftovers or the warehouses that stocked the basics. My cut tickets were 10 units; as styles got more popular, I would up it to 30 units. I never could have started a business with $10,000 without local manufacturing. I don’t know why people think it’s not realistic to manufacture at home; it’s how I built my business.

Berman: Before we knew our Jackie O. dress could be a best-seller, we only had a few in stock. Once we realized how well it was doing, we could respond quickly and keep up with the demand because we were local.

Reid: We applied for the CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund in 2011, and one of the first things you do is appear in front of a panel of 10 people that includes Anna Wintour and Diane von Furstenberg; it can be very intimidating. You bring in five looks, and when you walk in they’re completely silent, waiting for you to talk. All of the five looks I brought with me were made in the U.S. At one point Diane asked me, “What five words would you use to describe your collection?” And I said, “American luxury built to last.” I later added that it was built to last both in durability and in style, but it perfectly summed up who we are. I remember walking out of that interview really feeling like I had nailed it. And we won.

Heyman: I do a lot of trunk shows, so I get a lot of opportunities to interact with the women buying our bags. There’s a label inside that says, “Handmade in America,” and people always seem delighted by that. There’s a quality that comes with being made in America that people understand. I don’t hit them over the head with it, but I really do feel good when I see their reaction.

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