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transmutationisms · 5 months

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this is probably shaped by my limited frame of reference, but im really fascinated by witnessing the real-time development of adhd as a diagnosis. people attribute so many symptoms to it now or maybe they always did? i was wondering if you have any thoughts on what is the use of adhd specifically as a category within psychiatry. I'm esl so sorry for any confusing wording

no you're right imo; diagnostic categories are always somewhat in flux ofc but ADHD is one that has seen a particularly pronounced shift in the last couple decades. obviously this is multifactorial but my observation goes something along these lines:

'hyperactivity' has been dx'd in children since about the 1950s (also when Ritalin hit the market) but the ADHD dx doesn't really take off until the 90s (also when Adderall, a 2nd-gen reformulation of the 'obesity' drug Obetrol, hit the market). so, it's not all that surprising that 20 years later you see increased patient awareness of the diagnosis, increased popular interest in it, and shifting / expanding ideas of what it means and what ADHD 'is'. it's a relatively young dx.

part of the reason it's young is because it's basically a 'biopsychiatric' dx, meaning it diagnoses certain behaviours as being a 'brain problem' rather than having social causes or context. in practice this is complicated because psychs do use pharmacological approaches in conjunction with psychodynamic ones all the time; nevertheless, the central promise of DSM ADHD and its pharmaceutical treatments has consistently been that the ADHD subject has a physiological, neurological disorder / dysfunction / aberration, and that the drug treatments on the market fix it. that none of this is actually empirically supported is conceptually inconvenient and entrenched by the research process.

the biopsychiatric narrative is worth paying attention to because the context here is one in which it has become commonly accepted that behavioural 'disorders' and affective distress of various kinds can be, basically, either of pure biological origin, or else Your Fault. in the case of childhood hyperactivity, Your Fault historically also included Your Mother's Fault; part of the reason many mothers embraced Ritalin in the 50s and 60s was because the proffered pharmaceutical narrative explicitly challenged the idea that these mothers had done something 'wrong' to result in their (mostly) sons exhibiting disruptive and hyperactive behaviour.

this dichotomy of biology vs personal failing is very overtly present in quite a bit of discourse around ADHD today. if it's my brain being 'wrong' or different, then it's not something I've done wrong but a disease with a simple chemical fix. in this context I don't think it's surprising at all that a lot of popular and patient conceptions of ADHD have seen a considerable widening over the past few decades. often people like to blame this on pharmaceutical companies, and it's true that industry benefits from these discourses and frequently invests in them (eg, via instruments like ADDitude mag). however, that's a pretty simplistic explanation on its own and doesn't really account for the ways in which patients and potential patients also find this diagnostic category personally useful, for reasons ranging from identity-formation to the desire to access prescription amphetamines. ADHD increasingly shows up as a biologised explanation for behaviours ranging from 'eating too many sweets' to 'postural sway' and so on. you can see in such examples how invoking the idea of an aberrant ADHD brain is both reassuring to people who have been made to feel ashamed of certain behaviours, and provides a sense of shared identity and community with others.

all of this is to say: I don't find it surprising at all when I see a relative broadening of notions of ADHD, almost always expressed in biological terms (the 'ADHD brain' operates differently, 'seeks dopamine', causes this or that). ADHD is in some ways a particularly blatant distillation of this general trend in popular psychiatric discourses, for reasons relating to expectations about childhood and child behaviour, and the historical and present relationship between the ADHD label and the regulation of amphetamines. but much of what's happening with ADHD in terms of popular discourses about it can also be seen with many, many other psychiatric diagnoses, to varying extents and in various ways.

my experience writing about ADHD on this website leads me to close by explicitly stating the following: I do not think any ADHD behaviours / symptoms are people's 'fault' or an individual failing; I do not think using drugs for any reason is morally bad or needs to be justified; the fact that I do not think ADHD is a 'brain disease' does not mean I think people are 'making it up' or exaggerating wrt any difficulties they experience personally, professionally, emotionally, &c.

#psychiatry

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whencyclopedia · 1 month

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Galen

Galen (129-216 CE) was a Greek physician, author, and philosopher, working in Rome, who influenced both medical theory and practice until the middle of the 17th century CE. Owning a large, personal library, he wrote hundreds of medical treatises including anatomical, physiological, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic works. With principles based on his anatomical dissections, he spoke and wrote extensively on the anatomy of the body emphasizing the role of the heart, brain, and blood. While he criticized many of his contemporaries, he embraced the ideas put forth by the Greek physician and theorist Hippocrates (460-370 BCE), primarily his concept of the four humours that controlled the human condition: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.

Much of our knowledge of early medicine comes from Galen's writings. Like Hippocrates and other theorists Galen believed that illness was caused by an imbalance, so how does one restore the balance: bleeding, enemas, and vomiting. Aside from his writings on medicine, he wrote extensively on language, logic, psychology, ethics, and even moral philosophy. Regrettably, most of his works no longer exist or survive only in fragments. He lost many of his writings, instruments, and medicines in a storeroom fire in 192 CE.

Early Life & Education

Born in 129 CE in the Asia Minor city of Pergamon, Galen was the son of the wealthy architect Nikon and was initially educated in both rhetoric and philosophy. The Pergamon of his youth was home to a sanctuary dedicated to the god of medicine Asclepius. His father, a member of the Roman elite, had assisted in the renovation of Pergamon's temple complex dedicated to Zeus. At the age of 16, Galen changed educational directions, possibly at the suggestion of his father, and decided to study medicine, eventually completing his schooling at both Smyrna, located on the Aegean coast, and Alexandria where he studied both anatomical science and physiological theory. At the time Alexandria was the premier center for the study of medicine in the ancient world. After the death of his father in 149/50 CE, he continued his studies as he traveled throughout the Mediterranean. In 157 CE he returned to his home town of Pergamon to be the physician to a group of gladiators; a position that provided him with an opportunity to study anatomy.

#History #2ndcenturyCE #Alexandria #AntoninePlague #WHE #[#]

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totally--perfect · 6 months

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WILD HEADCANONS FOR LAWRENCE OLEANDER.

📢 MENTION OF DRUGS, SELFHARM, MDNI📢

1. He can neither draw, nor play musical instruments, nor sing, nor dance. All this, of course, is not only due to the fear of going to, say, a music/dance/art school, but simply because of the fear of self-expression. Lawrence is terribly afraid of this world, and even if he does not want to admit and show it 100%, subconsciously it is so. One day, he wanted to learn how to play a guitar (from a video on YouTube), which he bought on the Internet. He failed to play a chord several times, because of which he experienced Spanish shame (cringing himself), broke his guitar and did not bother to express himself anywhere else. - \(-^-) /-

2. Let's do this. Lawrence, hmm, is not so rich that he can take good, “real” drugs, like heroin, mephedrone, opium and other crap. He buys weed. Moreover, he GROWS it and calmly gets high. Of course, he can play around with the doses of some pharmaceutical drugs and peacefully retreat to the river once or twice, but, again, this rarely happens due to a). He is not rich. b). Difficulty in purchasing such magical medicines. Plus, he himself can mix some self-grown plants and get a nice trip. At least here he's not stupid.

3). HIM IS IRRITATED BY SONGS WITH WORDS. Even if it's quiet, calm lyrics. The maximum that he can listen to is something similar to NBSPLV. He mostly listens to ambient or lo-fi music.

4). He is good with the Internet Perhaps he even has an account on some Instagram or Twitter, but he doesn’t post anything there. The same person who has 3 subscribers and 150 subscriptions. (accounts of a dubious nature, a la the ravings of a madman or gardening).

5). It’s terribly easy to instill him in if you’re not too rude/active and too vanilla and “🥺👉🏻👈🏻” Be calm, patient and don’t put pressure on him, throwing in random words of approval and he’s yours. Just. Be. Calm. In the same way, you can quickly calm him down. Lawrence lacks authority He is the same person who will speak on stage into a loudspeaker, but no one will listen to him anyway. Throw him a couple of unobtrusive words that he is not an empty place for you and he will blur into a puddle at your feet.

6). He would scream if you unexpectedly hugged him (from the back, for example), even if you have been together for ± a month. But the constant “can I hug you” would piss him off. (He will eat your every touch, in fact, as long as you give hints about what you are going to do). He himself rarely manifests himself in tactility, burning with shame and panic.

7). He does self-harm, and he DEFINITELY has scars all over his thighs . (doesn’t cut his hands because he’s afraid that they’ll notice it and beat the crap out of him and even laugh from above).

#btd2 #btd2 lawrence #lawrence oleander #boyfriend to death #lawrence btd #btd

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warabidakihime · 1 year

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A Glimpse Beyond Grief: Chapter 1

Characters: Toji Fushiguro x Reader | Office AU | Both characters are in their early 30s | toji is good daddy in this uwu

Synopsis: galactically intertwined journey of two souls: one navigating the depths of loss, the other offering a beacon of healing. through witty banter and unspoken connections, they find solace in unexpected places, uncovering the resilience of the human spirit and the power of love to mend even the most shattered hearts.

Content warning: profanity, (eventual) smut, highkey adult themed, can be psychologically and emotionally triggering for some so read with caution.

A/N: there might be a few typos. will fix them once i get home later :D

Toji's integration into JJK Holdings marked the beginning of a positive turn for the company. His initial weeks on the job showcased not only his professional prowess but also his ability to seamlessly blend into the workplace culture. Armed with a wealth of experience and a versatile skill set, Toji quickly established himself as a valuable asset within the organization.

From the outset, Toji's work station was strategically placed right beside yours, a deviation from the conventional placement of executive assistants. This unique arrangement was a deliberate choice aimed at fostering efficient communication and easy accessibility.

The camaraderie between you and Toji flourished effortlessly. The rapport that began during his final interview continued to evolve positively. Both of you displayed a natural inclination for engaging conversations, creating an atmosphere that transcended the typical professional hierarchy. Toji, in particular, appreciated the pleasant surprise of a welcoming lunch on his first day, a gesture that left a lasting impression.

In the short span of a few weeks, Toji's impact on the company became palpable. Beyond his exceptional work outputs, his insights into critical business matters proved invaluable. This was evident in the recent town hall meeting where the Chief Human Resources Officer shared the news of a doubling in overall revenue for the previous month.

The positive momentum extended to JJK Holdings' first face-to-face event since the onset of the pandemic. Toji's involvement in the event planning proved instrumental, contributing significantly to its success. His presence didn't go unnoticed, as distinguished guests recognized him, leading to fruitful networking opportunities. Three guests were so impressed that they decided to form strategic partnerships with JJK Holdings, culminating in the signing of two partnership contracts just a week ago. Notably, one of these contracts involved Gojo Enterprise, a major player in property and real estate development led by Gojo Satoru, last year's most influential business tycoon in Asia.

Toji and Satoru's history goes way back to their college days, where they both vied for the title of their alma mater's most outstanding pupil. The dynamic between the two was vividly on display at the recent event. Picture this: you're with Nanami Kento, your Associate Director from the learning and development department, when Satoru's voice echoes across the venue, calling out Toji's name. Cue the nerve-wracking jump scare. Initially, you thought a fight was brewing, only to discover that it was just their peculiar way of interacting – a mix of banter and wrestling, to be precise.

Knowing Satoru's penchant for bickering, you should have seen it coming. After all, you and Satoru share a history from your master's degree days at the same school. Toji, despite his displeasure, didn't back down. Instead, he pulled Satoru into a headlock, leaving onlookers both horrified and confused. Satoru, in his typical fashion, grinned like a madman while being manhandled by the visibly muscular Toji.

The second company to approach you wasn't after a partnership but sought to leverage your organization's services. Ms. Ieri Shoko, Founder, and CEO of CureWave Pharmaceuticals expressed interest in tapping into your talent acquisition expertise to aid in their expansion across Japan and other parts of Asia. Interestingly, Shoko is more than just a business contact; she's a childhood friend. In your earlier years, you contemplated a career in healthcare, a path Shoko embraced. However, your journey led you to oversee a human capital solutions company, a role uncertainly assumed, but one you inherited through your grandparents. JJK Holdings, established by them, became your responsibility upon your grandfather's passing. His trust in your skills, coupled with being his favorite grandchild, added a layer of significance to your role.

As the Executive Director in your third year, the organization has already soared under your leadership. With Toji now at your side, the potential for further growth feels limitless.

"Hey, Toji, mind if I ask you something?" you called out from your desk, amidst the task of arranging a meeting with your group heads.

"You're already asking a question," Toji retorted playfully. Without looking, you could almost picture the smug smirk he wore, prompting a playful eye roll from you.

Amidst crafting an email blast for event attendees, Toji's concentration broke with the sound of your voice. The email aimed to express gratitude and nurture potential collaborations by promptly reaching out to leads. You had instructed Toji to compose it, pending your approval for scheduling at the most opportune time.

"So, what's on your mind?" Toji inquired, stretching from his desk after finishing the emails.

"Before joining us, you applied to other companies, right?" you queried.

"Yeah, I did. Why?" Toji replied.

Tilting your head, your lips formed a pout of mild confusion. "Well, you mentioned that it took you five months to secure a job here. It's a bit puzzling considering your impressive credentials and the fact that esteemed business leaders know you and hold you in high regard."

Toji chuckled. "Well, the companies I applied to couldn't meet my salary expectations, or a handful of them thought I was overqualified. They appreciated my qualifications, but when it came to negotiating compensation, they hesitated to match my preferred amount. Truth be told, I actually undersold myself when applying here, just so I could finally land a job."

"Wait, really?" Your voice carried a note of astonishment as you processed his revelation.

Toji leaned back, a sheepish grin crossing his face as he shrugged. "Yeah, really. I guess I was just tired of the constant rejections and decided to take a chance here."

You shook your head with a mixture of disbelief and amusement. "So, you basically tricked us into hiring you for a bargain?"

His laughter filled the air, a warm and genuine sound that lightened the atmosphere. "Well, 'tricked' might be a strong word. Let's just say I saw an opportunity and seized it. And I've got no regrets."

"Unbelievable," you chuckled, shaking your head once more. "I can't decide if you're audacious or clever."

"To be fair, it worked out well for both parties," Toji remarked, his tone still lighthearted. "I landed a job, and you got yourself a skilled team member."

Leaning back in your chair, you wore a thoughtful expression. "True. But just remember, Toji, next time we negotiate your salary, I won't let you get away so easily."

Toji raised an eyebrow playfully. "Oh, really? And here I was hoping for a lifetime of discounted employment."

The air was light with laughter, the bond between you and Toji growing with every shared moment. As the laughter subsided, Toji's playful demeanor shifted, and his expression turned earnest. "I owe you, you know. You saved my ass."

You tilted your head, a mischievous grin playing on your lips. "Consider it part of the 'discounted employment' package: endless gratitude and the occasional coffee run for the boss."

Toji's eyes widened in feigned shock. "A catch! I knew it. But a few cups of coffee are a small price for salvation."

Another burst of laughter echoed in the room, creating a momentary bubble of warmth. When it settled, you rose from your chair, stretching fatigued limbs. "Speaking of coffee, it’s midday. Care to join me for a cup?" you proposed, approaching his desk.

"Sure. Just need to wrap up this draft," Toji replied, his focus on the monitor. You positioned yourself beside him, your arm casually draped over his office chair, and your gaze fell upon the email drafts. A smile danced on your lips. His eloquence shone brightly in his words.

"Hey, big guy, you've got a typo right here," you observed, pointing out the minor error.

"Woops. Don’t deduct that from my paycheck. I’ll do better next time, boss." Toji joked, earning a playful smack on his shoulders from you. Laughter spilled through the office, infusing it with a comfortable warmth.

"Oh, you can be sure I'll be cashing in that favor at the most unexpected moment," you declared, a playful lilt in your voice.

Toji chuckled, a glint of mischief in his eyes. "I'll be ready and waiting, boss."

With a final shared grin, you both headed for the office exit. The break room was close, and the idea of a hot cup of coffee was too tempting to resist. As you walked, conversation flowed effortlessly from work matters to lighter topics, deepening the camaraderie.

In the break room, you both fixed your preferred brews, the coffee scent filling the air as you leaned against the counter. Toji took a sip, visibly pleased.

"This is the real fuel that keeps me going," he quipped, nodding at his cup.

You raised yours. "To caffeine, the unsung hero of productivity."

Cups clinked, laughter followed. Even with the gloomy weather outside, the cheerful vibe persisted. Amidst sips, you found a brief respite from work.

"I hope the rain stops soon. It’s been raining for a while, right?" you observed, looking at the raindrops against the window. Toji agreed.

"Yeah, I'm hoping for that too. Traveling is a hassle in the rain. Traffic becomes unbearable, and I end up getting home late," Toji shared, a touch of discomfort in his expression.

Curious about his family life, you asked, "When you work on-site, who takes care of your kids?"

"My in-laws. They're nearby, so they help with the kids when I'm here."

Nodding, you said, "It's nice that you have a good relationship with your in-laws."

"I owe them a lot. They took care of Megumi and Tsumiki when I was still grieving over my wife," Toji shared, taking another sip.

A warm smile appeared as you asked, "You have two daughters?"

Toji chuckled and shook his head. "No, I have a daughter and a son. I named him 'Megumi' to signify his role as a blessing in our lives. It might sound sentimental, but during my wife's pregnancy with him, there were more challenges compared to when she was expecting our daughter. The doctor mentioned a high risk for both him and my wife. He was also born prematurely and had to spend some time in the NICU after his birth."

As Toji delved into his personal life, his gaze became distant, as if he were revisiting memories, both joyful and painful. His storytelling held an inexplicable allure, captivating you. You felt drawn to his narrative, like a moth to a flame, and in this scenario, Toji was the flame.

Attempting to suppress the fluttering butterflies proved futile; the more you resisted, the stronger your heart's rhythm echoed, amplifying the emotions welling up inside you as you looked at your right-hand man. It wasn’t entirely your fault – the guy was undeniably attractive. His face, his hair, and, oh god, his physique. You had to avert your eyes during his final interview. And his voice? Unbelievable. You didn’t mean to ogle at somebody else’s husband, but damn.

Meanwhile, Toji grappled with a whirlwind of emotions—longing, shame, sadness, hope, and confusion. His wife remained a sensitive subject, yet he found himself freely discussing her with you. It was only the second time her name had come up in your conversations, yet there was a growing sense of comfort in sharing his feelings with you.

Toji spent a significant amount of time deciphering the emotions within him. He concluded that what he felt towards you was akin to the "suspension bridge effect." Amidst grappling with depression, grief, and a string of job rejections, you emerged as his unexpected savior. You became the catalyst that propelled him from point A to point B. Not that he was financially destitute during his unemployment period—quite the opposite. However, successive setbacks left him grappling with a sense of inadequacy.

In essence, you helped him put his life back in motion.

However, even after settling on this conclusion, he couldn't deny the palpable connection between the two of you. Toji was certain that you felt it too. Yet, like him, you were navigating the maze of your own emotions. For all he knew, you had your own personal circumstances. But when the day arrived for both of you to face each other and your burgeoning feelings, Toji was more than willing to explore that with you.

"How old is Megumi now?" you inquired curiously. Toji responded with a gentle, paternal smile: "He's turning eight in three months."

"Really? Can I..." Your voice trailed off, gradually growing softer. Toji noticed the change and turned his gaze toward you, silently encouraging you to continue. Meeting his eyes, you found the strength to speak once more: "Can I give him a birthday gift?"

"Absolutely, you're more than welcome to," Toji chuckled, placing his empty cup aside.

You smiled and said, "Please tell me what he likes, so I can get the right gift for him."

"Try books. He loves to read," Toji said, then shortly after, a laugh slipped through his lips as he thought of something about his son, "From the amount of content he’s consumed through reading, he’s becoming a smartass by the day, though it’s also safe to say he got that part of his personality from me."

"Oh, I wouldn’t be surprised," you teased, earning a cheeky squeeze on your sides.

If it weren’t for your lightning reflexes, you would have coffee spilled all over you. "Hey! Watch it!" You said to him, but your tone and delivery sounded anything but annoyed.

If anything, the gesture made your heart jump. In just a short period of time, the two of you became so close that you're comfortable poking each other and addressing one another without any honorifics. The line between superior and subordinate has vanished. It's not that you're uptight about superiority, but rather that your relationship has evolved beyond traditional hierarchies.

After the incident, something clicked, and you realized that the crush you've been harboring for Toji had finally taken hold. Much to your dismay (or not.) His demeanor that day completely enchanted you, and it's fair to say he effortlessly charmed his way into your heart without even trying.

The question now is: will you act on these feelings and pursue him?

The honest truth is, you're not quite sure, at least not yet. It's clear that Toji still holds onto the memories of his late wife, and you want to be respectful of that. At this point, you believe it's best to let things unfold naturally and see where life takes the two of you.

"So, you're ready to go back?" Toji inquired, turning to you after washing his cup.

You nodded and rinsed yours as well, saying, "Yup, let's head back."

After a much-needed caffeine refill, you both returned to your office to resume your tasks. Engrossing conversations about everything under the sun filled the day. Time flew by rapidly as you became absorbed in both work and dialogue. When you eventually checked your phone, it was already 5:00 p.m.

Toji stood up, stretching for what seemed like the umpteenth time that day. "I hope the traffic isn't too bad," he commented, glancing out the window to check if the rain had stopped, thankfully finding that it had.

"Perhaps you should consider moving closer to the office," you suggested as you organized your belongings. "That way, you won't have to worry about heavy traffic or long travel times."

"I am considering that, but the kids are still in school," Toji replied, "so I might have to wait until the school year's over before we can move."

"I suppose moving abruptly would also stress them out."

"Yeah, that's another factor. Well, are you ready to go?" Toji asked, standing by the door while waiting for you to finish gathering your things.

"Yeah, let's—"

"Y/N."

A deep, commanding voice suddenly resonated within your once peaceful office. Upon hearing it, you stood frozen in place, your heart racing for all the wrong reasons, all of which didn't go unnoticed by your executive assistant, and his eyes trailed to the man standing by your office door.

After a few seconds, you begrudgingly decided to acknowledge your visitor.

"Kenjaku."

#warabidakihime #jujutsu kaisen x reader #jjk x reader #jjk smut #toji smut #toji x you #toji x reader #toji fushiguro smut #toji fushiguro x you #toji fushiguro x reader #jujutsu kaisen smut #jjk headcanons #jjk imagine #jujutsu kaisen headcanons #jujutsu kaisen imagine

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saiscientific · 2 years

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Pharmacy Instruments Manufacturers In India

Pharmacy Instruments Manufacturers In India from premium quality raw materials, all our pharmaceutical Instruments are the perfect blend of quality and utility. Widely used in various pharmaceutical laboratories, our Pharmaceutical Instruments are in huge demand in the national and international markets.

#pharmacy #Pharmacy Instruments Manufacturers In India #pharmaceutical Instruments #Pharmacy Instruments Manufacturers #Pharmacy Instruments Manufacturers India

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microlabsblog · 16 days

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Best Pharmacy Lab Instrument

Pharmacy Lab Instruments Supplier manufacturer in india We deal in complete Pharmacy lab set up for ANM , GNM , BSc Pharmacy College as per INC ( Indian PharmacyCouncil). Including all the labs of ANM, GNM , & B.sc Pharmacy– Laboratory, Midwifery & Child Health Laboratory , Nutrition Laboratory , Community Health Laboratory , Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory . These manikins are used in most of Hospital and Pharmacy college institutes of India.

#pharmacy lab equipment supplier #pharmacy lab instruments #pharmaceutical laboratory equipment list #instruments used in pharmacy lab #pharmact lab equipment list #nursing lab equipment supplier

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chemxpert · 2 months

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Your Gateway to Comprehensive Pharmaceutical Insights

Chemxpert Database is a comprehensive resource for API active pharmaceutical ingredients, including vital pharmaceutical ingredients like croscarmellose sodium. Catering to big pharmaceutical companies and the medical devices manufacturing sector, Chemxpert Database supports groundbreaking pharmaceutical research and development. Enhance your projects with the industry's leading data on active pharmaceutical ingredients, driving innovation and efficiency in the pharmaceutical landscape.

#API manufacturing companies #pharmaceutical chemicals #medical instruments company #new drug application #FDA approved drugs list

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science-lover33 · 1 year

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Pharmacology Unveiled: How Medications Work on a Molecular Level"

Explore the science of pharmacology and delve into the mechanisms of action of commonly prescribed medications, shedding light on how they interact with the body's systems.

In the multifaceted domain of pharmacology, an intricate symphony of molecular interactions orchestrates the therapeutic effects of medications. A profound comprehension of the molecular underpinnings of pharmacological actions is indispensable for healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical scientists, and researchers. In this discourse, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of pharmacodynamics, elucidating the profound intricacies of how medications function at the molecular level.

Pharmacodynamics: A Multilayered Discipline

Pharmacodynamics constitutes the extensive scrutiny of the manner in which drugs interlace with specific molecular targets, often referred to as receptors or enzymes, within the human organism. Medications are meticulously designed to effectuate alterations in biochemical pathways, receptor kinetics, or enzymatic processes, aiming to modulate physiological phenomena to alleviate symptoms or remediate pathological states.

Receptor-Mediated Pharmacological Actions

A pivotal facet of pharmacodynamics lies in the receptor-mediated actions of medications. Receptors are intricate protein entities, frequently situated on the extracellular or intracellular domains of cells, that play a pivotal role in cellular communication and homeostasis. When a medication interfaces with a receptor, it initiates a cascade of molecular events, which, contingent upon the context, may potentiate or impede the cellular response.

Agonists and Antagonists: Puppets of Molecular Dance

In the intricate theater of pharmacodynamics, medications assume roles as either agonists or antagonists. Agonists aptly mimic the endogenous ligands or signaling molecules, seamlessly integrating into the receptor's binding pocket. This engagement sets forth a conformational alteration in the receptor, instigating cellular events replicating or augmenting the physiological response. Conversely, antagonists function as molecular antagonists, obstructing the receptor and forestalling the binding of endogenous signaling molecules. Consequently, the physiological response is negated or attenuated.

Enzymatic Interference: Orchestrating Biochemical Concertos

Certain medications orchestrate their therapeutic influence through the intricate domain of enzyme inhibition. Enzymes are the catalytic workhorses governing biochemical transformations in biological systems. Medications that selectively inhibit or modulate these enzymes effectively regulate the pace or character of these metabolic reactions, rendering them invaluable in conditions characterized by aberrant enzyme function.

Ion Channel Choreography: Modulating Electrophysiological Ballets

A notable mechanism of pharmacological action entails the modulation of ion channels. These proteinaceous conduits, reposing within cellular membranes, govern the flux of ions across these barriers. Medications designed to engage with ion channels effectively influence the electrochemical signaling within cells. The modulation of ion channels is instrumental in conditions such as arrhythmias, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain.

Pharmacogenetics: Personalizing Medication Regimens

The burgeoning realm of pharmacogenetics delves into the impact of an individual's genetic repertoire on their medication response. Genetic polymorphisms can significantly influence drug metabolism, receptor sensitivities, and pharmacological efficacy. Tailoring medication regimens to align with an individual's genetic makeup represents a burgeoning paradigm in personalized medicine.

Pharmacology unfolds as an intricate tapestry of molecular engagements and multifarious mechanisms. Medications, hewn with precision, are intended to engage with specific molecular entities, be it receptors, enzymes, or ion channels, aiming to modulate intricate biochemical processes to achieve therapeutic ends.

References

Rang, H. P., Dale, M. M., Ritter, J. M., & Flower, R. J. (2015). Rang & Dale's Pharmacology. Elsevier.

Katzung, B. G., & Trevor, A. J. (2021). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. McGraw-Hill Education

Brunton, L. L., Knollmann, B. C., & Hilal-Dandan, R. (2020). Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. McGraw-Hill Education.

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th3-0bjectivist · 5 months

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Dear listener, I gave myself a challenge for this week’s musical entry; produce an audio post that is nearly 100% lyric-free and 100% based in an electronic/synth style. My reasons why were two-fold: 1. It’s been about an eon since I put anything lyric-less up and 2. To demonstrate once again that you don’t need lyrics or organic instruments to invent impassioned music. After searching the internet high and low, I tripped, fell, and landed ass backward on Com Truise’s catalog, who has just the tuneful tool set you need to get your electronic nut off, and provide the post-nut clarity to keep you steadily coming back for more! Smash play and enjoy VHS Sex from 2011’s Galactic Melt and join me for more below if you care to learn a bit more…

When it comes to synth in music… please inject it intravenously into my forearms. If high-quality synthwave melodies were available in powder form, I’d rub it on my gums to experience it rushing through my veins! Com Truise knows this feeling and wants to positively shower you in a synth tidal wave that will make you instantly forget that there is no lead vocalist or a traditional two-to-five set of people working on different components of each of the tracks. It’s just one guy who happens to be great at removing the listener entirely from anything organic in music (guitars, live percussion, significant vocals) and exposes you instead to a soundscape approximately-fully comprised of electronic excellence, unhinged creativity and genuine sentiment and sensation. Prior to his time as a professional musician, soloist Seth Haley was a digital art director employed by the pharmaceutical industry. Lacking total creative freedom in his job, he focused instead on chasing his artistic pursuits and producing, as he refers to it, ‘slow-motion funk’. Heavy droning bass, complicated beat models, and brilliant synthesizer melodies are what you can look forward to if you delve into his discography, regardless of your personal point of entry. According to the artist, the music itself tells the iterative tale of a synthetic astronaut who is navigating through and eventually removing himself from the trials and tribulations of an oppressed society. It makes sense then that many of CT’s tunes have a tone that feels uplifting and heavy on the sensations of wonder and escapism. The music Seth Haley creates aren’t just songs, it’s a supernatural journey in an audio format. If you feel the sudden compulsion to double dip on the music samples from this artist, just below is Ultrafiche of You from 2019’s Persuasion System. Smash play and enjoy!

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Truly quality music, regardless of its stripe or tone, should make you feel like you’re on some kind of good drug. You should feel high when the song/album/concert begins, and still feel high when the song/album/concert ends. Although I just discovered Com Truise a mere half-month ago, I could instantly tell that I was going to be addicted to a new audio drug for a while. I hope his jams have the same general effect on you. Image source: https://articles.roland.com/a-few-minutes-with-com-truise/

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