#Peter Theobalds

[werewolfetone]

Hi! So this is gonna sound weird, but I’ve kinda been learning about Irish history backwards? Like, I started with the Troubles (bc of family involvement), then back to the 1916 rising which got me more interested in the people involved which took me further back and etc etc. I know I’ve been doing it “wrong” but I’m just starting to come up to the 1798. Do you happen to have any recommended readings or particular persons of interest to read? Any collections of primary sources would be more than welcome!

Secondary sources I would recommend:

The Year of Liberty by Thomas Pakenham - about the rebellion in general

The People's Rising by Daniel Gahan - about the rebellion in Wexford

The Summer Soldiers by ATQ Stewart - about the rebellion in Ulster

Wolfe Tone: Prophet of Irish Independence by Marianne Elliott - about Wolfe Tone

The Life and Times of Mary Ann McCracken by Mary McNeill - technically this is just about Mary Ann but I think it's pretty good for Henry Joy McCracken too because there aren't many biographies of him

Orangeism in Ireland and Britain 1795 - 1836 by Hereward Senior - obviously exercise caution on whether or not you think you can mentally handle this subject but book about loyalism during 1798

Castlereagh: War, Enlightenment, and Tyranny by John Bew - about Lord Castlereagh

2 things that I would also recommend reading about for context are the French Revolution and the British radical movement of the late 18th century. for the French Revolution 1 book I would say is good is Liberty or Death by Peter McPhee and for the British radical movement... the book The English Jacobins by Carl B Cone does a good enough job

Primary sources:

The Memoirs of Theobald Wolfe Tone by Theobald Wolfe Tone - title is pretty self explanatory. It's Tone's account of his own life + his diary

The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times by RR Madden - this is considered to be the 1st history of the rising & was written with the help of many people who lived through it, so it includes a lot of first hand accounts. HOWEVER. beware that Madden was your archetypical mid 19th century Catholic Irish nationalist and the bias created due to that shows through in every single part of these books

Memoirs of the different Rebellions in Ireland by Sir Richard Musgrave - this is another very early history of the rising, also written with the help of people who lived through, also including a lot of first hand accounts. HOWEVER. Musgrave is like Madden's Orange counterpart in that this book is also wildly biased and should also be read with a degree of caution

Personal Narrative of the "Irish Rebellion" of 1798, Sequel to Personal Narrative of the "Irish Rebellion" of 1798, and History and Consequences of the Battle of the Diamond by Charles Hamilton Teeling - 3 accounts of politics in Ireland in the 1790s written by someone who as a young man led the Catholic paramilitary the Defenders

The Drennan letters (a collection of letters that Belfast doctor William Drennan and his sister, Martha McTier, wrote to each other between the 1770s and 1820s), if you can find them, are another great primary source on both the United Irishmen & on what life was like back then in general, as are the McCracken letters, which I know are available free online somewhere I just can't remember where exactly I got the pdf from

There are a lot of them but if you're interested in primary sources you might also read some of the political pamphlets/books that were going around back then -- the most famous that come to mind in this context are Wolfe Tone's Argument on Behalf of the Catholics in Ireland, Thomas Paine's The Rights of Man, and Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France but there are wayyy more than that and at least some of them are on the internet archive

[lilolilyr]

Heyyyy! 2, 11 and 15 for the unfinished business ;)

Thanks for the questions! It's always fun to talk about my wips :D

I feel like maybe I should've posted a list with the ask meme with my many many unwritten or unpublished fics for you to choose from xD so for future askers, here goes, my main current and future projects at the moment:

- Bering and Wells days 12, 16 and 18 of the Advent Calendar

- Star Trek college AU continuation

- chaos scifi dystopia idea

Plus some ideas I might or might not ever write:

- twilight SIOC

- Berena continuation to the matchmaker fic

- St Clare's (for example something introspective about wlw Alison... or reader x headmistress Theobald smut because reasons xDxD or some character studies!)

- Malory towers Clarissa x Bill or Billx Miss Peters or Miss Peters x Self insert… so many options xD

- St Clare’s or Mallory Towers SIOC (like the stories where readers end up in the world of Twilight as Bella or in middle earth or the galaxy far far away? Except you end up a boarding school girl in the 40s. both fun and very very unfun I’d say)

- Emily Lake Trauma

~

but as this ask is still open to interpretation I'll go with my most recent dumb idea, it'll probably be a Milippa fic but more to why I'm not entirely sure on that point in the actual answers!

2. How did you get the idea to write this?

It came to me in a dream!

No, seriously.

I don't usually remember much from my dreams, or when I do it's just a jumbled mess of scenes that don't make any sense or don't fit together or both, but yesterday (day before? idk) I woke up and had a fully fledged dystopia novel in my head. Well, not really, it still was dream-like and chaotic, for example I wasn't entirely sure whether it was aliens taking over the world or some kind of robot and that seems like a major plot point doesn't it xD plus

11. Is there any scene you can't wait for people to react to when reading? Why?

Already answered something for that particular fic here, so how about I'll talk about a Bering and Wells WIP, that's probably more what you're here for anyway! :D

I haven't written this one at all yet, but I'm really excited to get to Myka noticing how it isn't just a crush, she's falling in love with Helena, and her panicking and all the feels! And I'm also excited to see what people will think of whatever I'll come up with for that one!

15. Do you have any unwritten scene that you think about a lot?

At the moment it's the reunion of the main characters of the (maybe)Milippa fic! But that's just right now really. I have tons of scenes I keep thinking about - but most of the ones that I think about again and again have a tendancy to be very removed from canon, after juggling them in my brain for years and years xD and that way it gets even less likely for me to write the fic, because it would have a target audience of 1 person namely me!

unfinished fic ask meme

[natequarter]

i found this list of french equivalents to english names (cute french names to name your american child blah blah blah) and uh

it starts out normal! peter is english. pierre is french. cool.

ah yes, that famous english name dominica

look that's just the same name with slightly different pronunciation and spelling. why bother

THEOBALD?

and the kicker: both of these are english names. in fact i'd argue sophie is more popular than sophia

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 7.8

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Batman: Gotham Knight (WB Animated Film; 2008)

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Horrible Bosses (Film; 2011)

How to Have an Accident in the Home (Disney Cartoon; 1956)

Inception (Film; 2010)

Melrose Place (TV Series; 1992)

Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (Film; 2016)

Murderball (Film; 2005)

Nowhere Man, by The Beatles (4-Track EP; 1966)

The Prisoner of Azkaban, by J.K. Rowling (Novel; 1999) [Harry Potter #3]

Radio Free Europe, by R.E.M. (Song; 1981)

The Sea Beast (Animated Film; 2022)

The Secret Life of Pets (Animated Film; 2016)

Shuffle Off to Buffalo (WB MM Cartoon; 1933)

Sword Art Online (Anime Series; 2012)

Thor: Love and Thunder (Film; 2022)

Wannabe, by the Spice Girls (Album; 1996)

You Better Run, by Pat Benatar (Song; 1980)

Today’s Name Days

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Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 189 of 2024; 176 days remaining in the year

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Runic Half Month: Feoh (Wealth) [Day 10 of 15]

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[ulkaralakbarova]

When famous DJ Alan Partridge’s radio station is taken over by a new media conglomerate, it sets in motion a chain of events which see Alan having to work with the police to defuse a potentially violent siege. Credits: TheMovieDb. Film Cast: Alan Partridge: Steve Coogan Patt Farrell: Colm Meaney Lynn Benfield: Felicity Montagu Michael: Simon Greenall Janet Whitehead: Anna Maxwell Martin Martin Finch: Darren Boyd Jason Cresswell: Nigel Lindsay Danny Sinclair: Dustin Demri-Burns Angela: Monica Dolan Dave Clifton: Phil Cornwell Sidekick Simon: Tim Key Don: Simon Delaney Steve Stubbs: Sean Pertwee Greg Frampton: Karl Theobald Bettie: Elizabeth Berrington WPC Ruth: Jessica Knappett Conner Scott: Simon Kunz Officer Rohan Kapoor: Peter Singh Tonia Scott: Lucy Briers TV Reporter: Eleanor Matsuura Girl in Crowd: Diane Morgan Armed Mangina Officer: Robert Whitelock Mangina Paparazzo: Martin Glyn Murray Old Man on Pier: Alan Rothwell Old Woman on Pier: Rita Davies Desk WPC: Katie Males Sarge: Dan Mersh Paramedic: Anna Stockton Executive: Kieran Hodgson Sky News Reporter: Jayne Secker Film Crew: Director: Declan Lowney Executive Producer: Peter Baynham Executive Producer: Steve Coogan Executive Producer: Armando Iannucci Executive Producer: Christine Langan Producer: Kevin Loader Producer: Henry Normal Executive Producer: Joe Oppenheimer Director of Photography: Ben Smithard Executive Producer: Neil Gibbons Executive Producer: Rob Gibbons Executive Producer: Jenny Borgars Executive Producer: Danny Perkins Music: Ilan Eshkeri Editor: Mark Everson Production Design: Dick Lunn Art Direction: Andrea Matheson Set Decoration: Anna Kasabova Costume Design: Julian Day Makeup Artist: Lesley Altringham Makeup Artist: Sally Collins Makeup Artist: Nikki Hambi Makeup & Hair: Lesley Noble Makeup Artist: Linda Wilson Supervising Sound Editor: Jack Gillies Movie Reviews:

[brookston]

Holidays 7.8

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Make a Salve Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Meatball Appreciation Day (Pastafarian)

Millennial Fairy Olympics, Day 3 (Shamanism)

None Caprotinae (Nones of the Wild Figs Festival in Honor of Juno; Ancient Rome)

Nummius (Christian; Confessor)

Pavel Korin (Artology)

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Procopius of Scythopolis (Christian; Martyr)

Raymond of Toulouse (Christian; Saint)

Stanton Macdonald-Wright (Artology)

Sunniva and companions (Norse Solar Maidens)

Theobald of Marly (Christian; Saint)

Vitulatio (Ancient Roman Fruits of the Earth celebration)

Withburge of Norfolk (Christian; Saint)

Zorak Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Tomobiki (友引 Japan) [Good luck all day, except at noon.]

Premieres

Batman: Gotham Knight (WB Animated Film; 2008)

Beauty and the Beat, by The Go-Go’s (Album; 1981)

Being and Nothingness, by Jean-Paul Sartre (Philosophy Book; 1943)

Down and Dirty Duck (Animated Film; 1974)

8 Ball Bunny (WB LT Cartoon; 1950)

Fantastic Four (Film; 2005)

The Goblet of Fire, by J.K. Rowling (Novel; 2000) [Harry Potter #4]

Having a Wild Weekend (Film; 1965)

Horrible Bosses (Film; 2011)

How to Have an Accident in the Home (Disney Cartoon; 1956)

Ice Man’s Luck (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Cartoon; 1929)

Inception (Film; 2010)

I, the Jury Mickey, by Spillane (Novel; 1947) [Mike Hammer #1]

Melrose Place (TV Series; 1992)

Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (Film; 2016)

Milk For Baby (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1938)

Murderball (Film; 2005)

Nowhere Man, by The Beatles (4-Track EP; 1966)

On Death and Dying, by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (Science Book; 1969)

Poop Goes the Weasel (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1955)

The Prisoner of Azkaban, by J.K. Rowling (Novel; 1999) [Harry Potter #3]

Radio Free Europe, by R.E.M. (Song; 1981)

The Sea Beast (Animated Film; 2022)

The Secret Life of Pets (Animated Film; 2016)

Shuffle Off to Buffalo (WB MM Cartoon; 1933)

Solaris, by Stanisław Lem (Novel; 1961)

Sword Art Online (Anime Series; 2012)

Thor: Love and Thunder (Film; 2022)

Wannabe, by the Spice Girls (Song; 1996)

You Better Run, by Pat Benatar (Song; 1980)

Today’s Name Days

Amalia, Edgar, Kilian (Austria)

Akvila, Eugen, Hadrijan, Priscila (Croatia)

Nora (Czech Republic)

Kjeld (Denmark)

Eleonoora, Ellinor, Leonoora, Loora, Loore, Noora, Nora (Estonia)

Turkka, Turo (Finland)

Edgar, Killian, Priscillia, Thibault (France)

Kilian, Amalia, Edgar (Germany)

Prokopios, Theofilos (Greece)

Ellák (Hungary)

Domenica (Italy)

Ada, Adele, Adeline, Antra (Latvia)

Arnoldas, Elžbieta, Elzė, Vaitautas, Valmantė, Virga, Virginija (Lithuania)

Sunniva, Synne, Synnøve (Norway)

Adrian, Adrianna, Chwalimir, Edgar, Elżbieta, Eugeniusz, Kilian, Prokop, Wirginia (Poland)

Astion, Epictet (România)

Ivan (Slovakia)

Adrián, Adriano, Priscila (Spain)

Kjell (Sweden)

Prokip, Prokop (Ukraine)

Aquila, Aquiline, Easton, Kilian (USA)

Thibaut (Universal)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 190 of 2024; 176 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 1 of week 28 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Tinne (Holly) [Day 2 of 28]

Chinese: Month 6 (Xin-Wei), Day 3 (Gui-You)

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]

Hebrew: 2 Tammuz 5784

Islamic: 1 Muharram 1446

J Cal: 10 Red; Twosday [9 of 30]

Julian: 25 June 2024

Moon: 8%: Waxing Crescent

Positivist: 21 Charlemagne (7th Month) [Innocent III]

Runic Half Month: Feoh (Wealth) [Day 15 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 19 of 94)

Week: 2nd Week of July

Zodiac: Cancer (Day 18 of 31)

Calendar Changes

al-Muḥarram [ٱلْمُحَرَّم] (Islamic Calendar) [Month 1 of 12] (Forbidden Month)

[coffee-n-bagels-comic-universe]

Lucifarians: A Family Forged: Bios (1980): Venka Tupper / Ven Lucifarian

"Everybody talks about Pride before the fall. I'm just glad they have my name in their mouths."

Name

Full Legal Name: Venka America Tupper (Born: Leach. 1st Change: Todd)

First Name: Venka

Meaning: Means 'Victorious', from Esperanto 'Venki' 'To conquer', ultimately from Latin 'Vincere'.

Pronunciation: VEHN-ka

Origin: Esperanto

Middle Name: America

Meaning: In the English speaking world, this name is usually given in reference to the United States of America.

Pronunciation: a-MEHR-i-ka

Origin: English

Surname: Tupper (Born: Leach. 1st Change: Todd)

Meaning: Tupper: Occupational name for a herdsman, derived from Middle English 'Toupe' 'Ram'. Leach: Originally indicated a person who was a physician, from the medieval practice of using leeches to bleed people of ills. Todd: Means 'Fox', derived from Middle English 'Todde'.

Pronunciation: TUP-er. LEECH. TAWD.

Origin: English. English. English

Ring Name: Ven Lucifarian, Pride

Commentary Nicknames: The Prodigal Daughter

Nicknames: Ven, Meri

Titles: Miss

Characteristics

Age: 32

Gender: Female. She/Her Pronouns

Nationality: English

Ethnicity: White

Birth Date: August 5th 1948

Sexuality: Straight

Religion: Christian

Native Language: English

Known Languages: English, Spanish, French, Latin, German, Japanese, Portuguese, Italian, Norwegian

Relationship Status: Single

Astrological Sign: Leo

Entrance Music: 'You're So Vain' - Carly Simon (1972-), No Music Prior To 1972

Voice Claim: Helena Bonham-Carter

Geographical Characteristics

Birthplace: London, England, UK

Current Location: Unknown

Hometown: London, England, UK

Appearance

Height: 5'6" / 167 cm

Weight: 150 lbs / 68 kg

Eye Colour: Light Brown

Hair Colour: Golden Brown

Hair Dye: 2 Front Strands Dyed Purple

Body Hair: N/A

Facial Hair: N/A

Tattoos: (As of Jan 1980) 10

Piercings: Ear Lobe (Both)

Scars: None

Health and Fitness

Allergies: None

Alcoholic, Smoker, Drug User: Social Drinker, Smoker

Illnesses/Disorders: None Diagnosed

Medications: None

Any Specific Diet: Vegetarian (But will eat meat if she has to.)

Relationships

Allies: Freddie Blassie, Lou Albano, Skull Lucifarian, Bel Lucifarian, Pat Lucifarian, Cas Lucifarian, Hel Lucifarian, Eve Lucifarian, Syd Lucifarian

Enemies: Moolah, Wendi Richter, Lord Alfred Hayes, Mr Fuji, Dynamite Kid, George Steele

Closest Confidant: Norma Tupper

Mentor: Driskoll Leach

Significant Other: None

Previous Partners: None of Note

Parents: Driskoll Leach (64, Father), Regina Leach (40, Step-Mother, Née Wolf), Wesley Tupper (65, Step-Father), Norma Tupper (60, Mother, Née Todd)

Parents-In-Law: None

Siblings: Martha Colt )43, Half-Sister, Née Wilbur), Gareth Wilbur (40, Half-Brother), Madonna Bullock (37, Half-Sister, Née Wilbur), Frederick Tupper (35, Brother), Eric Tupper (29, Brother), Freya Bull (26, Sister, Née Tupper), Edric Tupper (23, Brother), Donna Buckley (20, Sister, Née Tupper), Earl Swift (18, Half-Brother), Candace Swift (15, Half-Sister), Duke Leach (13, Half-Brother), Sigmund Todd (41, Half-Brother), Eunice Doctor (38, Half-Sister, Née Todd), Prosper Tupper (17, Half-Brother), Edith Tupper (14, Half-Sister), Nicholas Tupper (11, Half-Brother), Cassandra Tupper (8, Half-Sister), Theobald Tupper (5, Half-Brother)

Siblings-In-Law: Donald Colt (42, Martha's Husband), Sophia Wilbur (39, Gareth's Wife, Née Brock), Cyrus Bullock (36, Madonna's Husband), Reign Tupper (34, Frederick's Wife, Née Bird), Kinsley Tupper (28, Eric's Wife, Née Beverley), Cyril Bull (25, Freya's Husband), Judith Tupper (22, Edric's Wife, Née Best), Basil Buckley (19, Donna's Husband), Berenice Todd (40, Sigmund' Wife, Née Norris), Leopold Doctor (37, Eunice's Husband)

Nieces & Nephews: Diana Barlow (22, Niece, Née Colt), Arthur Barlow (21, Diana's Husband), Peter Colt (19, Nephew), Blanche Colt (16, Niece), Oscar Colt (13, Nephew), Rhoda Wilbur (19, Niece), Gabriel Wilbur (16, Nephew), Pearl Wilbur (13, Niece), Fitzroy Wilbur (10, Nephew), Oro Wilbur (7, Niece), Ferdinand Bullock (16, Nephew), Olive Bullock (13, Niece), Clarence Bullock (10, Nephew), Misty Tupper (14, Niece), Casimir Tupper (11, Nephew), Melissa Tupper (8, Niece), Albert Tupper (5, Nephew), Katherine Tupper (8, Niece), Winfred Bull (5, Nephew), Iris Bull (2, Niece), William Tupper (2, Nephew), Emmeline Reeve (20, Niece, Née Todd), Gerard Reeve (19, Emmeline's Husband), Conrad Todd (17, Nephew), Brava Todd (14, Niece), Bernard Todd (11, Nephew), Indigo Todd (8, Niece), Archibald Todd (5, Nephew), India Doctor (17, Niece), Chad Doctor (14, Nephew), Millicent Doctor (11, Niece), Neil Doctor (8, Nephew)

Children: None

Children-In-Law: None

Grandkids: None

Wrestling

Billed From: Hellview

Trainer: Skull Lucifarian

Managers: Skull Lucifarian

Wrestlers Managed: None

Debut: 1966 (WWF Debut: 1980)

Retired: N/A

Wrestling Style: Trickster

Stables: Daughters of Darkness (1966-)

Teams:

Father’s Pride (Skull & Ven)

The Vixens (Ven & Bel)

Dynasty (Ven & Pat)

Cherry Bombs (Ven & Cas)

Lavender’s Blue (Ven & Hel)

The Killer Barbies (Ven & Eve)

Violet Offenders (Ven & Syd)

Regular Moves: Over The Shoulder Arm Drag, Forearm Smash, Leg Sweep, Chokehold STO, Keylock, Diving Somersault Evasion, Beheader (Neck Wrench), Lineage Ender (Standing Moonsault Double Knee Drop), Lion's Den (Crucifix Pin), Family Pride (Leg Trap Sunset Flip Power Bomb)

Finishers: Wish For This (Shooting Star Knee Drop), Flowing DDT, DDT

Refers To Fans As: The Prideful, The Prideful Ones

Heel or Face: (As of Jan 1980) Heel

[elizamaie]

Name: Antonia Luciana Potter (née Madrigal)

born: July 27, 1885

died: October 21. 1993

father: Pepe Madrigal

mother: Flora Burke

husband: Theobald Potter

son: James

daughter: Gwendolyn, Eleanor

daughter-in-law: Lily Evan

sons-in-law: Remus Lupin, Peter Pittgrew

[itsnothingbutluck]

Es vergeht wohl kaum ein Tag, an dem nicht in irgendeiner Zeitung ein Bonmot von Tucholsky auftaucht oder auf einer Bühne ein Couplet von ihm vorgetragen wird. Auch über 80 Jahre nach seinem Tod ist sein Werk in der Öffentlichkeit noch sehr präsent. Journalisten und Künstler bedienen sich bereitwillig aus einem Fundus von rund 2900 veröffentlichten Texten. Denn es gibt kaum ein Thema, zu dem Tucholsky sich nicht treffend und zumeist auch witzig geäußert hat. Angesichts dieser Materialfülle erhebt die hier vorgestellte Textauswahl nicht den Anspruch, dieses Werk in seiner gesamten Breite zu repräsentieren. Sie soll statt dessen exemplarisch für Tucholskys beruflichen und persönlichen Werdegang stehen. Selbstverständlich sind alle »5 PS« mit Texten vertreten: Theobald Tiger, Peter Panter, Ignaz Wrobel, Kaspar Hauser und Kurt Tucholsky. Heitere Schizophrenie Sammelbände, die Texte sämtlicher Pseudonyme enthielten, hatte Tucholsky selbst schon zusammengestellt. Dem ersten, Mit 5 PS, schickte er eine Art Rechtfertigung und Bilanz voraus. Tucholsky sah sich damals genötigt, seine heute viel bestaunte und bewunderte Vielseitigkeit zu verteidigen...

[werewolfetone]

As someone who knows literally nothing about the United Irishmen, I'd love to hear any book or documentary reccomendations you know on them!

I don't really watch documentaries so unfortunately I can't recommend any BUT here is my book recommendations list for generally learning about the United Irishmen

Books that are actually about the UI:

The People's Rising by Daniel Gahan - best account of the rebellion in Wexford. Includes a lot of maps and is pretty fair to both sides when talking about their actions during the conflict

The Summer Soldiers by ATQ Stewart - best account of the rebellion in Ulster. Is a bit meandering at times but it does a lot to explain the context behind what happened

Theobald Wolfe Tone: Prophet of Irish Independence by Marianne Elliot - THE book on Wolfe Tone. Also goes through much of what was going on with the Catholic Committee and other context surrounding the founding of the UI

The Year of Liberty by Thomas Pakenham - overview of the entire rebellion. Only just started reading it but it's ok so far

Dissent Into Treason by Kevin Whelan - this is definitely more academic and less accessible than the other books in this list but it's about how the Presbyterian/Unitarian/Puritan political traditions led to the founding of the United Irishmen, which is a dimension that I think is important and that has often been overlooked in favour of the Catholic dimension

The Men of No Property by Jim Smyth - book about the aforementioned Catholic dimension, basically. It goes into the links between the Defenders + Catholic Committee + UI. However it's also more academic and I would say if you decide to read it, definitely read the Marianne Elliot book first for context and to gain some familiarity with the people mentioned

Robert Emmet by Patrick Geoghegan - excellent biography of Emmet that discusses also the idea of the mythical figure of Emmet versus the real man who died in 1803

Additional books that I would highly recommend for context:

Castlereagh: War, Enlightenment and Tyranny by John Bew - incredibly recent and extensive biography of Lord Castlereagh that talks a fair bit about 1798 in the early chapters and examines the phenomenon of propaganda surrounding Castlereagh

Orangeism in Ireland and Britain 1795 - 1836 by Hereward Senior - this is a bit more academic and of course it's a very heavy subject but if you can stomach reading it it does a lot to explain why northern presbyterians went from ultra republican -> ultra loyalist in so short a period, as well as exploring in detail a side of this period that is often overlooked

Liberty or Death by Peter McPhee - relatively quick book about the French Revolution that I would recommend reading if you are looking to understand the political context that the UI lived and operated within

William Pitt the Younger by William Hague - Pitt comes up a lot in discussion of 1798 and this book is good to have an idea of who he was and what he was like, though I will warn you that the author of this book was high up in the Conservative party of the UK himself and therefore he's very sympathetic to Pitt. In general it's sound though

The English Jacobins by Carl B. Cone - a book about British radicals at the time of the UI. Honestly not my favourite but it's very accessible and does a fairly good job with explanations. Putting it here because the UI worked a lot with Scottish + sometimes English radicals so it's good to have an idea of what they were up to

[gasthausnostalgie]

Old Vienna

Ottakringer Freihof Anno 1962

Ottakringer Freihof (ehemals 16, Ottakringer Straße 242, Sandleitengasse).

Der Hof stand unter der Grundherrschaft des Stifts Klosterneuburg.

Verkauf den Freihof 1762 an die Theresianische Akademie (Ottakringer Freihof

Ottakringer Freihof (ehemals 16, Ottakringer Straße 242, Sandleitengasse).

Der Hof stand unter der Grundherrschaft des Stifts Klosterneuburg. Gesicherte Besitzer sind Starchant (1340, daher auch zeitweise "Starchanthof"), Lukas Popfinger (Hansgraf in Österreich) und sein Bruder Stefan (ab 1353), Peter Popfinger (1376; Sohn des Lukas), Niklas Würffel (1381 aufgrund einer gerichtlichen Exekution), Sigmund Würffel (1398; Sohn des Niklas), die Würffelschen Erben (1398-1450), Ulrich von Eitzing (1450; Kauf), Oswald Reicholf (1452; Kauf), Ernreich Köppl (1453; Kauf), Andre Gwalt (1459; Kauf) beziehungsweise dessen Witwe Margret und Sohn Christoph (1467), Bernhard Schleicher (1479; Witwer nach Margret), Mag. Berthold Hafner bzw. (vor 1539) dessen Erben; Paul Wolzogen (1562; kaiserlicher Postmeister in Österreich unter der Enns; Kauf), Georg Pirchinger (niederösterreichischer Raitdiener; Kauf), Ritter Adam Gall zu Loosdorf (1568; Kauf) beziehungsweise dessen Sohn Bernhard Leo, Dr. Johann Ambros Brassican und seine Gatting Margret, geborene Gundel (1574; Kauf; nach dem Adelsprädikat "von Kölburg", das Brassican führte, hieß der Hof zeitweise "Kölhof"), beziehungsweise deren Erben, Ferdinand und Johann Franz Dillherr (1649; Kauf), Theobald Frank (Regimentschirurg), Leopold Hieronymus von Russenstein (1693), Matthias Zeillinger (1700), Sabine Christine, geborene Gräfin Starhemberg, Witwe nach Georg Julius Freiherr von Gilleis (1701; ab 1717 vermählt mit Karl Anton Graf Giannini), Johann Josef Graf Gaschin (1737) und Ignaz Coreth von Starkenburg (1753).

Seine Erben verkauften den Freihof 1762 an die Theresianische Akademie (Theresianum), die ihn 1777 an das Schottenstift weiterveräußerte; dieses blieb bis 1962 Besitzer des Hofs, dann wurde er verkauft und 1964/1965 abgebrochen; auf seinem Areal entstand eine Wohnhausanlage. Im Mai 1459 wurde der damalige Besitzer des Ottakringer Freihofs, Andre Gwalt (der 1457 als Söldnerhauptmann im Heer des Deutschen Ordens an der verräterischen Auslieferung des Ordensschlosses Marienburg in Ostpreußen an den König von Polen beteiligt gewesen war), beim Kirchgang von einem "Kommandotrupp" des Ordensheers überfallen und nach Schloss Rohrau an der Leitha verschleppt, wo er zwischen 1461 und 1467 im Kerker starb

[leonordchoem]

christians will try and tell you its energy sword sunday. but jews know the real energy sword day is saturday

[ahb-writes]

Medieval Nicknames, Pet Names & Diminutives — Male

Adam: Adnet, Adenot, Adkin, Ade, Add

Aloysius: Lowis, Lewis, Lewin, Louis

Amyas: Amyot, Amand, Amadis (Fr)

Ancel: Ansel(l), Anselm, Ancelot, Anscelin, Hanselin, Anselin

Andrew: Dandy, Tandy, Dancock

Anketil: Antel, Anker, Antin, Aske Asketil, Askil, Annakin(Yo), Asti

Arnold: Arnaud, Arnot, Arnel

Auberon/Aubrey: Oberon, Avery, Avo, Aves, Auvery, Aubert, Albray, Albert

Bartholomew: Bart, Ba(t)te, Barty (Scots), Batty, Batkin, Bette, Bartelot, Bertelot, Bertelmew

Christopher: Stoffer, Kit(te), Kester, Kitelin, Christal (Scots)

Denis: Dionysus, Den(et), Denzil, Denisel

Egidius: Aegidius, Giles,Gille, Gillard, Gilo, Gisel

Elias: Ellis, Elcock, Helle, Eliot, Elwaud (Scots), Elwat, Eluat, Eluolt, Elkin, Helyas, Hellis, Elyet, Allat, Alard Adalard, Elicoc, Hellcock, Elie

Geoffrey: Jeppe, Geff, Gepp, Jeeves, Jeff, Jefcock, Jeffkin, Jeffrey

Gerald/Gerard: Girard, Garard, Garrald, Garrood, Jarrold, Jarrot, Jerald, Greoud, Jared

Gilbert: Gibb, Gibelin, Gibelot, Gip

Hamo: Hamlet, Hamlin, Hammet, Hamnet, Hamon(d), Haim(o), Hame, Hamon, Aymes, Hamekin, Hawkin

Henry: Hal, Harry, Herry, Hanne, Hen(kin), Hanekin, Halkin, Hawkin

Hilary: Ilarius, Illore, Eularius, Eylarius, Ellery, Hille

Hugh: Hugo, Huiet, Hughelot, Ugo ,Hugelin, Huelin, Hulin, Hudde, Huglin, Hudkin, Hukin, Howe, Hewe, Huget, Hudelin, Huhel, Huwet, Huchon (Fr)

James: Jago, Jacob(i), Jacce, Jack(lin), Jagge, Jakot, Jackett, Jackamin, Jex, Jem(me), Gimelot, Jimme, Jaycock, Jakock, Jankin, Jaques, Cob(et), Jakemin

Joel: Juhel, Jool, Jol, Johol, Joelin, Joylin, jollein

John: Jack, Jankin, Jenkin, Jan(cock), Hank (Flem), Henk(e), Henkin, Hann, Jonet, Jehan, Janin, Janne, Jenin, Hancock

Joscelin/Goscelin: Josse, Joyce, Josset, Gotselin, Gotsone, Jukel, Judoc, Joy, Joshin, Joce, Goss, Got(te), Goslin

Lawrence/Laurence: Larry, Lorenz, Larkin, Lorkin, Laret, Lawrie, Lowrie, Low, Laur

Leonard: Leo, Lyel, Leon, Leunot, Leonides, Lionel, Leoline

Luke: Lucius, Lucian,Ludovic, Luck Lucas, Luket

Matthew: Mayhew, Makin, Masse, Math(e), Mathy, Matkin, Maton

Michael: Mihel, Michel, Miot, Mighell, Miche, Miell, Miles, Milo

Nicholas/Colin: Colcock, Cole, Coll, Colkin, Colet, Nicol, Nicolin, Nicks, Nix

Odo: Odelin, Eudo, Otho, Odinel, Othello

Orlando/Roland: Rollet, Rollin, Rowland, Rowlatt, Rollant, Ruel, Rollanz, Rauland

Paul: Poul, Pole, Pauley, Paulin, Powlis

Peter: Pierce, Piers, Pers, Pell, Perkin, Pirret, Perrin, Perr(el), Pierun, Perron, Peterkin, Petri (Scots)

Philip: Phelp, Philp, Felip, Filkin, Philpot, Phipp, Potkin, Potin

Ralph: Rafe, Rafael, Raff, Radulf, Raul, Raulin, Raulot

Randolph: Randall, Randle, Randulf, Rand(y), Hann, Rann, Ranulf, Rankin, Randekin, Ranel, Rendall

Reginald: Reynold, Reynaud, Reginaud

Richard: Rick, Rich(ie), Digge, Ricot, Richelot, Rickard, Dicel, Dic(con), Dicet, Dicelin, Diggen, Hick, Hicun, Hickot

Robert: Rob(in), Robelard, Dobb(in), Hobb(in), Hobelot, Hobelin, Hopkin, Nobb, Nabb, Nabelot, Bobbet

Roger: Hogg, Rodge, Hodge, Dodge, Dogge, Doggin, Hodgekin

Silas/Silvester: Silvanus, Selwyn, Selvayn, Savin, Salvin, Selwin

Simon: Sim(o)nel, Sim(kin), Simond, Simonet, Simcock

Theobald: Tibalt, Tibbald, Tebbet, Tebb(el), Tybaud, Tepp, Talbot

Theodore: Theodoric, Terry, Todrick, Torrey, Tyrri, Tedric, Therry, Thierry (Fr), Deryk (flem)

Thomas: Tom(lin), Tomkin, Tomcock, Tam(lin), Tommis

Torald: Tory

Vivian: Vidian, Fithian, Fidd, Fidkin, Fiddian, Vidgen

William: Wilmot, Guylote, Will(y), Willet, Wilot, Wilcock, Gilot, Gilmyn

(further reading: female names)

[the-eternal-crusader]

Peter Kobor has converted his #btchaplain - Brother Theobald, chaplain of the Odium Aeterna Crusade - have you done something similar? #theeternalcrusader #eternalcrusade #blacktemplar #blacktemplars #blacktemplars40k #blacktemplar_40k #spacemarines #spacemarines40k #adeptusastartes #thelastwall #warhammer40k #warhammer40000 #40k #warhammercommunity #gamesworkshop #gamesworkshop40k (at The Eternal Crusader) https://www.instagram.com/p/CiPGIgStgb0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 7.8

Holidays

Air Force and Air Defense Forces Day (Ukraine)

Arafat Day (Afghanistan, Djibouti, Egypt, Kuwait, Libya, UAE)

ASB & Health Day (UK)

Be a Kid Again Day

Carver Day (Missouri)

Child Honoring Day (Raffi Foundation)

Colorism Awareness Day

Constitution Day (Palau)

Corban Bairam Day (Sudan)

Disabled and Elderly Persons Day (Tajikistan)

Family Day (Ukraine)

Family, Love and Fidelity Day (Russia)

Gundam Day (Japan)

Hajj Day (Maldives)

Hamburg Massacre Anniversary Day

Historic Places Day (Canada)

International Body Painting Day

International Paramedics Day

Killer Joke Day

Kurban Bayramı Eve (Turkey)

Liberty Bell Crack Day

Math 2.0 Day

Mediterranean International Day

National Day of Righteous Outrage

National Denise Day

National Kathryn Day

National Love Your Skin Day

National Science Day (Brazil)

National Videogame Day

Old Crafts Day

Olive Branch Petition Day

Oneofusismissing Day

Park Day (French Republic)

Picking Up Women Day (Japan)

SCUD Day (Savor the Comic, Unplug the Drama)

Soapy Smith Wake (Alaska)

There Has Always Been Something Day (a.k.a. THABS Day)

Video Games Day

World Day of Allergies

World Skin Health Day

Youth Day (Neuchâtel, Switzerland)

Ziegfeld Follies Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Coca-Cola Day

Ice Cream Sundae Day

National Blueberry Day

National Freezer Pop Day

National Ice Cream Sundae Day

National Milk Chocolate with Almonds Day

National Raspberry Day

World Tea Party Day (SPANA or Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad)

Independence & Related Days

Empire of Pavlov (Declared; 2012) [unrecognized]

Kingdom of Beaver Island (Declared; 1850) [unrecognized]

New Year’s Days

Islamic New Year Holiday [Hijri New Year] (Brunei, Mauritania, Morocco, Somalia)

Sasi Sura (Javanese New Year; Suriname)

2nd Monday in July

Carnival Monday (Saint Vincent and Grenadines) [2nd Monday]

International Town Criers Day [2nd Monday]

Motivation Monday [Every Monday]

Peace Day (Antarctica)

Sempach Commemoration Day (Switzerland) [Monday after 4th]

Weekly Holidays beginning July 8 (2nd Week of July)

Nude Recreation Week (thru 7.14)

Festivals Beginning July 8, 2024

Cattle Industry Summer Conference (San Diego, California) [thru 7/10]

Istanbul Jazz Festival (Istanbul, Turkey) [thru 7.18]

Kaustinen Folk Music Festival (Kaustinen, Finland) [thru 7.14]

Knox County Fair (Knoxville, Illinois) [thru 8.10]

Malta Jazz Festival (Valletta, Malta) [thru 7.13]

Ottawa Bluesfest (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) [thru 7.14]

Southern Cotton Ginners Association Summer Meeting (Branson, Missouri) [thru 8.10]

Feast Days

Abda and Sabas (Christian; Saint)

Adrian II, pope (Christian; Saint)

Aquilla and Prisca (Christian; Saints)

Artemisia Gentileschi (Artology)

Auspicius of Trier (Christian; Saint)

Charlotte the Penguin (Muppetism)

Eid al Adha (Bahrain, Jordan, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen)

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (Humanism)

Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal (Christian; Saint & Widow)

Feast of Sunniva (Norse Goddess of the Sun)

Flower-Covered Pillars of Bread on Girls’ Heads Parade (Tomar, Portugal; Everyday Wicca)

Giorgio Pullicino (Artology)

Grimbald (Christian; Confessor)

Innocent III (Positivist; Saint)

Itchy (Muppetism)

Jean de La Fontaine (Writerism)

Justica II: Day of Dike (Pagan)

Käthe Kollwitz (Artology)

Kilian, Totnan, and Colman (Christian; Martyrs) [Kilian: Bavaria, Austria]

Make a Salve Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Meatball Appreciation Day (Pastafarian)

Millennial Fairy Olympics, Day 3 (Shamanism)

None Caprotinae (Nones of the Wild Figs Festival in Honor of Juno; Ancient Rome)

Nummius (Christian; Confessor)

Pavel Korin (Artology)

Peter and Fevronia Day (Russian Orthodox)

Procopius of Scythopolis (Christian; Martyr)

Raymond of Toulouse (Christian; Saint)

Stanton Macdonald-Wright (Artology)

Sunniva and companions (Norse Solar Maidens)

Theobald of Marly (Christian; Saint)

Vitulatio (Ancient Roman Fruits of the Earth celebration)

Withburge of Norfolk (Christian; Saint)

Zorak Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Tomobiki (友引 Japan) [Good luck all day, except at noon.]

Premieres

Batman: Gotham Knight (WB Animated Film; 2008)

Beauty and the Beat, by The Go-Go’s (Album; 1981)

Being and Nothingness, by Jean-Paul Sartre (Philosophy Book; 1943)

Down and Dirty Duck (Animated Film; 1974)

8 Ball Bunny (WB LT Cartoon; 1950)

Fantastic Four (Film; 2005)

The Goblet of Fire, by J.K. Rowling (Novel; 2000) [Harry Potter #4]

Having a Wild Weekend (Film; 1965)

Horrible Bosses (Film; 2011)

How to Have an Accident in the Home (Disney Cartoon; 1956)

Ice Man’s Luck (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Cartoon; 1929)

Inception (Film; 2010)

I, the Jury Mickey, by Spillane (Novel; 1947) [Mike Hammer #1]

Melrose Place (TV Series; 1992)

Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (Film; 2016)

Milk For Baby (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1938)

Murderball (Film; 2005)

Nowhere Man, by The Beatles (4-Track EP; 1966)

On Death and Dying, by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (Science Book; 1969)

Poop Goes the Weasel (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1955)

The Prisoner of Azkaban, by J.K. Rowling (Novel; 1999) [Harry Potter #3]

Radio Free Europe, by R.E.M. (Song; 1981)

The Sea Beast (Animated Film; 2022)

The Secret Life of Pets (Animated Film; 2016)

Shuffle Off to Buffalo (WB MM Cartoon; 1933)

Solaris, by Stanisław Lem (Novel; 1961)

Sword Art Online (Anime Series; 2012)

Thor: Love and Thunder (Film; 2022)

Wannabe, by the Spice Girls (Song; 1996)

You Better Run, by Pat Benatar (Song; 1980)

Today’s Name Days

Amalia, Edgar, Kilian (Austria)

Akvila, Eugen, Hadrijan, Priscila (Croatia)

Nora (Czech Republic)

Kjeld (Denmark)

Eleonoora, Ellinor, Leonoora, Loora, Loore, Noora, Nora (Estonia)

Turkka, Turo (Finland)

Edgar, Killian, Priscillia, Thibault (France)

Kilian, Amalia, Edgar (Germany)

Prokopios, Theofilos (Greece)

Ellák (Hungary)

Domenica (Italy)

Ada, Adele, Adeline, Antra (Latvia)

Arnoldas, Elžbieta, Elzė, Vaitautas, Valmantė, Virga, Virginija (Lithuania)

Sunniva, Synne, Synnøve (Norway)

Adrian, Adrianna, Chwalimir, Edgar, Elżbieta, Eugeniusz, Kilian, Prokop, Wirginia (Poland)

Astion, Epictet (România)

Ivan (Slovakia)

Adrián, Adriano, Priscila (Spain)

Kjell (Sweden)

Prokip, Prokop (Ukraine)

Aquila, Aquiline, Easton, Kilian (USA)

Thibaut (Universal)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 190 of 2024; 176 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 1 of week 28 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Tinne (Holly) [Day 2 of 28]

Chinese: Month 6 (Xin-Wei), Day 3 (Gui-You)

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]

Hebrew: 2 Tammuz 5784

Islamic: 1 Muharram 1446

J Cal: 10 Red; Twosday [9 of 30]

Julian: 25 June 2024

Moon: 8%: Waxing Crescent

Positivist: 21 Charlemagne (7th Month) [Innocent III]

Runic Half Month: Feoh (Wealth) [Day 15 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 19 of 94)

Week: 2nd Week of July

Zodiac: Cancer (Day 18 of 31)

Calendar Changes

al-Muḥarram [ٱلْمُحَرَّم] (Islamic Calendar) [Month 1 of 12] (Forbidden Month)

[histoireettralala]

Blanche as Regent, and the narrative of Louis's minority

There was no real threat or challenge to the status of young Louis as king. He had been designated by his father in his will, and the Capetian line had descended from father to son since 987. But when power was personal, minority government was always contested government. Magnates like Theobald of Champagne and Peter Mauclerc, who had been chafing under the heavy fists of Philip Augustus and Louis VIII, would certainly take advantage of the minority to push claims to additional land and power as far as they could, and protect themselves against what they saw as royal encroachment on their lordships. Others who were fundamentally loyal to the Capetians would still see a minority as an opportunity to bolster their positions. Peter Mauclerc was already exploiting Henry III's desires to regain the Angevin lands as a lever of personal power: he would not let slip the opportunity offered by a minority. All this could be expected.

Blanche's status as guardian and custodian of king and kingdom was another matter. There were no established norms for regency, whether in the case of a minority or when the king was out of the country in Crusade. The only previous Capetian to have succeeded as a minor was Philip I in 1060. The realm was ruled during his minority by his uncle by marriage, Count Baldwin of Flanders, probably with some assistance from Philip's mother, Anna of Kiev. Arrangements for Crusading regencies had varied. Philip Augustus had left the country in the guardianship of his mother, Adela of Champagne, her brother, the archbishop of Reims, and six prominent Paris merchants, who supervised the financial accounts. During the Second Crusade, the regents, "elected" under the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux, were an unlikely, and not very successful, triumvirate: Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis, the archbishop of Reims and Louis VII's cousin Ralph of Vermandois. No powers were vested in Louis VII's mother, Queen Adela of Maurienne. The great principalities had a stronger tradition of leaving power in the hands of an absent prince's wife or a minor prince's mother. Recent notable examples were the successive countesses of Champagne, Mary of France and Blanche of Navarre. But leaving the kingdom in the hands of the queen alone was novel. (At least in France, though there was the recent example of Margaret of Navarre in Sicily). At the very least, one might have expected her to hold power jointly with a prominent churchman. The archbishop of Reims was the traditional choice- but William of Joinville had died shortly before Louis, on the return from the Albigensian Crusade.

[..]

There certainly were challenges to the regency from the French baronage. Political songs of the day accused Blanche of sending money to Spain, and accused both Blanche and Walter Cornut of preferring the men of Spain to the barons of France. They accused Blanche of keeping young Louis unmarried so that she could remain in power, and accused her of being the mistress of, variously, Theobald of Champagne and Cardinal Romanus Frangipani. Like most regents, Blanche would have to make concessions and obtain by diplomacy what a king would have obtained by command.

The narrative of Louis's minority produced by all his biographers, Geoffrey of Beaulieu, William of Nangis and Joinville, is a dramatic one, of terrible threat to Blanche's rule, and even to the king himself. All of them were writing long after the events, but all of them knew many of the protagonists, and reported first-hand accounts from Louis himself. The same dramacic story is told by the contemporary chroniclers, the Flemish Philip Mousquès, the English Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris, and the slightly later Ménestrel of Reims. But there are problems with all these sources. Their chronology of events is unclear and sometimes contradictory. Wendover may have had some information from those who campaigned with Richard Marshall alongside the most fractious of the French barons, Peter Mauclerc; at all events, Wendover's account, while a splendid source of French "baronial" gossip, is not always reliable as to facts. Matthew Paris, reworking Wendover's text, could not resist the baronial gossip, though he often dismissed it as lurid rumour. Of the contemporary French chroniclers, Philip Mousquès was well informed on French court gossip from a Flemish perspective, but his chronology is confused. The Ménestrel of Reims' court gossip was more second-hand, and his main aim was to entertain: his chronology is even more confused. St Louis's biographers tend to collapse together events that happened over a long time span, while Joinville, as seneschal of Champagne, was particularly concerned with events in and affecting that county. For all these sources, the narrative of the valiant widowed queen protecting her young son against the powerful wicked barons of France was irresistible. Indeed, it is clear from Louis's reminiscences, as reported by his biographers, that it had become the family's own narrative.

But it is a dramatization and an oversimplification. Many French magnates remained loyal. Those who proved particularly fractious had already been so under Louis VIII. The most consistent plotter of all, Peter Mauclerc, count of Brittany, continued his conspiracies long after St Louis had reached his majority; and Theobald of Champagne's major revolt occurred under Louis's personal kingship. Private war remained endemic in France, though Louis tried to outlaw it, to the disgust of his barons, in 1258. Blanche faced a continual need to control marriage alliances that might lead to dangerous power blocs — but that had been true in the previous two reigns, and continued to be an issue after Louis attained his majority. Much of the worst trouble was not aimed at toppling Blanche’s status as guardian of the realm; it was a series of attacks against Theobald of Champagne. The succession to Champagne had long been an issue, as had the border zone berween Champagne and Burgundy. Blanche and Louis intervened, for the king (or his regent) should ensure peace within his realm, and they did so with reasonable success. The exact chronology of the troubles is difficult to establish, but it seems that, after a difficult few months, stability had been restored by March 1227. In summer 1229 came the major attack on Champagne by members of the Burgundian aristocracy together with various related allies — though the fact that their relations included Peter of Brittany gave it a dangerous edge, for Peter was also plotting an invasion from England with Henry III. By summer 1230 it was clear that had failed, and although Peter of Brittany made war in western Normandy and the western Loire in most subsequent campaigning seasons until 1236, he was increasingly isolated. After 1230 he was an irritant rather than a threat to the Capetian kingship.

Joinville makes much of Blanche being a foreigner, from Spain, "who had neither relatives nor friends in all the kingdom of France". This was untrue. She had both friends and relatives on whom she could depend. The friendship and patronage networks that she had developed since her arrival in France, as the Lady Blanche and as queen consort, now supported her. The administrators, both lay and eccsiastical, who had worked so closely with her husband, and who were in many cases inherited from Philip Augustus, notably Bishop Guérin of Senlis (until his death in April 1227), Walter Cornut, archbishop of Sens, and his relations, the Clément family, Bartholomew of Roye, the chamberlain, and Matthew of Montmorency, the constable, proved intensely loyal. It was in their interests to support the Capetian crown, from which they derived their power and prestige. They might have been slightly cool in support of a queen regent, but they were not. Like her husband, Blanche could rely on the support of the aristocracy of the north-east, where her dower lands lay, such as Michael of Harnes, Arnold of Audenarde and John of Nesle, and on some of the most important reformist churchmen, notably the Cistercian bishop Walter of Chartres. She made the loyal, and partly Spanish, Theobald of Blaison seneschal of the politically sensitive Poitou. The important Angevin families of Craon and Des Roches supported the Capetians, as did the rich city of La Rochelle. Many of the great barons, too, were faithful, notably Stephen of Sancerre, John of Nesle, Amaury of Montfort and the counts of Blois and Chartres. The last two held their counties through their wives, the sister countesses Margaret of Blois and Isabella of Chartres, who were members of the Capetian family and cousins of Blanche herself.

Lindy Grant- Blanche of Castile, Queen of France