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9 Best Organic NPK Fertilizers in 2024
In the world of gardening and farming, one term you’ll often come across is ‘NPK Fertilizer’. But what does it mean? And why is it so important? NPK stands for Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium, three vital nutrients that plants need to thrive. While there are many types of fertilizers available in the market, this blog post focuses on organic NPK fertilizers. Why organic, you ask? Organic NPK…
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Advantages and disadvantages of mainstream organic fertilizer granulator
As the key equipment of the organic fertilizer production line, the organic fertilizer granulator can not be ignored. Common organic fertilizer granulators include: npk fertilizer granulator, drum granulator, disc granulator machine, new organic fertilizer Granulator, new two-in-one organic fertilizer granulator, flat die granulator, ring die granulator, all kinds of granulators have their own production characteristics, and the fertilizer granulator machine price vary.
Before buying, it is necessary to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each organic fertilizer granulator machine:
1. Extrusion granulator belongs to dry granulation. Advantages: no drying process, high particle density, good fertilizer effect, and full organic matter content; it also saves money for buying dryers and coolers, and does not need to burn coal in the future. This saves a lot of money. Disadvantages: The granules of the extrusion granulator are flat and round, and the fluidity is not very good when the field crop machine is easy to get stuck, so if it is an organic fertilizer made for machine farmers, use this granulation process with caution.
2. The drum granulation is a compound fertilizer granulation process, which can be used to produce organic fertilizer, but the granulation rate is low and there are few users. This process can be selected if organic, inorganic, organic fertilizers are produced.
3. The disc granulator machine is a relatively traditional process, which has the advantages of smooth granules and good appearance; the disadvantage is low density; at present, people are pursuing new granulation methods, so there are fewer and fewer users.
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What are common spin dryer challenges?
Whether it is an npk production line or an organic fertilizer production line, if you need to sell commercial granular fertilizers, granulation and drying equipment are essential. Common granulation equipment includes: common organic fertilizer granulators include: double roller granulator, rotary drum granulator, disc granulator machine, new organic fertilizer granulator, new two-in-one organic fertilizer granulator, flat die granulator, ring die granulator, all kinds of granulators have their own production Features, granulator prices range. Why do you need drying equipment? If not dried, the particles will be malleable and cannot withstand storage and transportation. They are also more likely to clump. Drying also helps prevent mold and bacterial growth in the pellets after processing.
Rotary dryers are known as the workhorses of the industrial drying industry, but like any rugged piece of equipment, they are not immune to processing challenges. Challenges often vary depending on the specific material being handled, with some requiring additional preparation and others requiring routine maintenance. In general, however, the most common challenges faced during spin dryer processing include:
Establish. A knocking system can be mounted to the outside of the drum to "knock off" buildup inside the drum while it is in operation. However, the most effective way to prevent buildup is to prevent it. Backmixing stock or designing a less aggressive flight system are options, all depending on the material.
Corrosion and wear. Materials of construction should be chosen carefully, as some materials are more resistant to corrosion and/or wear than others. Dryers should also be checked regularly. Maintenance personnel should inspect surface areas and cracks for signs of damage to catch any potential problems early to help extend equipment life.
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[ad_1] KENYA – The Board of the Kenya Tea Improvement Company (KTDA) has reappointed Enos Njiru Njeru as its nationwide chairman, for a three-year time period. Enos Njeru, was first appointed as chairman on July 17, 2023. Eric Chepkwony was elected because the Vice-chairman of the Board. Enos Njeru is a consultant of the Embu Tea Zone whereas Eric Chepkwony is a consultant of the Bomet Tea Zone. The elections had been witnessed by Agriculture and Livestock Improvement Cupboard Secretary Dr. Andrew Karanja and Tea Board of Kenya Chairman Jacob Kahiu. “The main target of the board can be on the implementation of the Tea Act which can present a powerful authorized framework for our operations and safeguard the pursuits of all stakeholders. It will allow us to work in direction of increasing our market attain whereas on the identical time selling a powerful tea consumption tradition inside our nation” Njeru stated. “By increasing our market attain we are going to cut back the volumes of unsold teas, thereby enhancing the monetary well being of KTDA and its affiliated factories.” The board stated it goals to deal with Championing Tea Consumption Tradition, Enhancing Tea High quality, Product Diversification, Institution of a Frequent Person Facility, and Broadening the Tea Market. In the meantime, KTDA Administration Companies (KTDA MS) has introduced it has imported 97,000 metric tonnes of fertilizer for the 2024/2025 season, a rise from the 88,000 metric tonnes procured final 12 months. The rise says KTDA, displays the growth of smallholder tea acreage and a rising desire amongst organizations and people exterior the KTDA community to position their orders by way of the Company. The NPK 26:5:5 chemically compounded fertilizer was sourced immediately from Russia. Will probably be bagged on the port and distributed to farmers by way of their respective factories, guaranteeing environment friendly and well timed supply for farm software. Collins Bett, the Managing Director of KTDA MS famous that the ultimate price of a 50kg bag of fertilizer can be decided by a number of elements. This contains the price of pure gasoline (a key part in manufacturing NPK fertilizer), change charges, cargo prices, marine and overland insurance coverage prices in addition to clearing and transportation prices to the respective tea factories. [ad_2]
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Buy Premium Online Plant Fertilizer: The Best Choice for Thriving Gardens
In the realm of gardening, plant fertilizers play a pivotal role in ensuring your plants receive the essential nutrients they need for robust growth and vibrant blooms. The modern gardener has a wealth of options at their fingertips, and with the rise of online shopping, buying premium plant fertilizers has never been easier. At Karudaa Coirs, we understand the importance of quality in your gardening endeavors, which is why we offer a range of premium online plant fertilizers designed to elevate your garden to its fullest potential.
The Benefits of Premium Plant Fertilizers
Premium plant fertilizers are formulated with high-quality ingredients that provide a balanced mix of essential nutrients. These fertilizers often include a blend of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), along with secondary nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, and micronutrients such as iron, manganese, and zinc. The benefits of using premium fertilizers include:
Enhanced Growth and Yield: Premium fertilizers are designed to support vigorous plant growth and increase yield. The balanced nutrient content ensures that plants receive everything they need to develop strong roots, healthy foliage, and abundant flowers or fruits.
Improved Soil Health: Quality fertilizers not only nourish plants but also contribute to the overall health of the soil. Many premium fertilizers contain organic matter or bio-stimulants that enhance soil structure, improve water retention, and promote beneficial microbial activity.
Increased Resilience: Plants nourished with premium fertilizers are better equipped to withstand environmental stressors such as drought, pests, and diseases. The right nutrients can strengthen plant tissues and improve their natural defense mechanisms.
Sustainable Gardening: Many premium fertilizers are formulated with environmentally friendly practices in mind. They may include slow-release formulations that reduce the risk of nutrient runoff and minimize environmental impact.
Why Buy Premium Online Plant Fertilizer?
The convenience of purchasing plant fertilizers online cannot be overstated. Here’s why buying premium online plant fertilizer from Karudaa Coirs is a smart choice:
Accessibility and Convenience: Online shopping allows you to browse and compare a wide range of fertilizers from the comfort of your home. You can read detailed product descriptions, customer reviews, and expert recommendations to make an informed decision.
Exclusive Products: Karudaa Coirs offers a selection of premium plant fertilizers that may not be available in local stores. By shopping online, you gain access to exclusive products that are tailored to meet the specific needs of your plants.
Time and Cost Savings: Buying online eliminates the need for trips to physical stores, saving you time and potentially reducing costs associated with transportation. Additionally, online retailers often offer competitive prices and special promotions.
Expert Advice and Support: Karudaa Coirs provides expert advice and support to help you choose the best fertilizer for your plants. Our knowledgeable team is available to answer your questions and offer guidance on how to use our products effectively.
Doorstep Delivery: Enjoy the convenience of doorstep delivery. Once you’ve made your purchase, your premium plant fertilizer will be delivered right to your door, ensuring you have what you need when you need it.
Choosing the Right Premium Plant Fertilizer
Selecting the right fertilizer for your plants involves understanding their specific needs and growth requirements. Here are some tips to help you choose the best premium fertilizer for your garden:
Know Your Plants: Different plants have varying nutrient requirements. For example, flowering plants may need higher levels of phosphorus to promote blooms, while leafy vegetables benefit from higher nitrogen levels. Research the needs of your plants to select the most suitable fertilizer.
Understand Fertilizer Types: Premium fertilizers come in various forms, including granular, liquid, and slow-release. Granular fertilizers are ideal for general use and can be mixed into the soil. Liquid fertilizers provide quick nutrient uptake and are often used for foliar feeding. Slow-release fertilizers provide a steady supply of nutrients over time.
Consider Soil Health: Assess the condition of your soil before choosing a fertilizer. If your soil is deficient in specific nutrients, select a fertilizer that addresses these deficiencies. Soil tests can provide valuable information about nutrient levels and soil composition.
Opt for Organic Options: Organic fertilizers are derived from natural sources and can improve soil health over time. If you prefer eco-friendly gardening practices, consider organic or sustainably sourced fertilizers.
Read Labels Carefully: Check the nutrient content and formulation of the fertilizer. Premium fertilizers often include additional beneficial ingredients such as amino acids, seaweed extract, or mycorrhizal fungi that enhance plant growth and resilience.
How to Use Premium Plant Fertilizer Effectively
To maximize the benefits of your premium plant fertilizer, follow these guidelines:
Follow Application Instructions: Adhere to the recommended application rates and methods provided by the manufacturer. Over-fertilization can harm plants and the environment, so it’s crucial to apply the correct amount.
Timing Matters: Apply fertilizer during the growing season when plants are actively taking up nutrients. Avoid fertilizing during dormant periods or extreme weather conditions.
Water Thoroughly: Water your plants after applying fertilizer to help dissolve the nutrients and facilitate their uptake. Ensure the fertilizer is evenly distributed around the root zone.
Monitor Plant Response: Observe how your plants respond to the fertilizer. Look for signs of improved growth and health, and adjust your fertilization practices as needed.
Conclusion
Investing in premium online plant fertilizer is a wise decision for any gardener looking to achieve exceptional results. At Karudaa Coirs, we are committed to providing high-quality fertilizers that support plant health and garden success. By choosing to buy premium online plant fertilizer from us, you gain access to top-notch products, expert advice, and the convenience of online shopping. Elevate your gardening experience and enjoy flourishing plants by selecting the best fertilizers for your garden needs.
Visit our website today to explore our range of premium fertilizers and make your purchase. Your garden deserves the best, and with Karudaa Coirs, you can ensure it gets exactly that.
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Pride Lands Premium Organic Bloom Fertilizer with NO Fillers, Bigger Buds and Flowers, Brighter Plants with Our Complete Bloom Nutrients, Recharge Soil and Boost Growth with Optimal Blend of NPK, 5 lb
Price: (as of – Details) Product Description Breathe Life Into Your Soil with More Quality GreenGro Products Add to Cart Add to Cart Add to Cart Add to Cart Add to Cart Add to Cart Add to Cart Customer Reviews 4.7 out of 5 stars 367 4.7 out of 5 stars 257 4.6 out of 5 stars 121 4.7 out of 5 stars 136 4.0 out of 5 stars 21 4.7 out of 5 stars 90 4.5 out of 5…
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Supply Chain Brief: Fertilizer and Food Disruptions BLUF: Fertilizer shortages, phosphorus depletion, and other variables add to global food supply disruptions. Phosphorus-based fertilizers (NPK) are seeing the 3rd "major" price hike in 50 years and the highest prices since 2008. This is due in part to China’s (the global leader in phosphate exports) trade tariffs and Russia’s ban on exporting phosphates. In the debrief we'll discuss other factors affecting the supply of NPK. One source provided data that 75% of the available phosphorus is in Morocco with the remaining 25% in China, South Africa, Jordan, Russia, and the United States. Phosphorus is critical to the global food system and agricultural analysts advised without its use the food supply chain would end. One report says the "basic building blocks of life, phosphorus, P, is being eaten away. All life on Earth requires phosphorus. Without it, everything dies." Current predictions estimate the non-renewable resource needed for NPK, will be depleted from known sources in 35 to 400 years. Researchers say that crop "yields could be particularly acute in low-income countries under future CO2 scenarios without the input of additional phosphorus fertilizers to compensate." After 2021's 66% fertilizer price increase, and continued 2022 hikes, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) along with the World Trade Organization (WTO) now project the shortages and price increases will persist throughout 2023. The 2022 National Security Strategy (NSS) advised sectors to increase fertilizer production. This is something not seen in past security related federal strategies. The EPA began limiting herbicides further in 2022; the agricultural industry warns this will require additional fertilizer use. Last year, China ordered natural gas producers to halt exports. This move impacted fertilizer production. Last year the FBI issued a notification to the agricultural industry warning of increased threats of cyberattacks on seasonal dependent food supply chain links; specifically the supply of seeds, grain, and fertilizer. The no....(CLASSIFIED, more at www.graymanbriefing.com)
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What are the characteristics of the self propelled compost turner and the trough compost turner?
At present, there are two kinds of commonly used organic fertilizer compost turning machine: self propelled compost turning machine and trough type compost turning machine. The main difference between the two types of compost turning machine is that the self-propelled equipment travels on wheels, while the tank type equipment needs to build a fermentation tank to operate the rollover frame on the tank body.
The self-propelled compost turning machine equipment is suitable for the fermentation and composting of organic waste such as livestock and poultry manure, sludge garbage, sugar factory filter mud, slag cake powder, straw sawdust, etc. Widely used in sludge waste plants, npk fertilizer production line, organic fertilizer plants, gardening farms, etc. This machine adopts oxygen fermentation, high efficiency, stable operation, durable and even stirring.
The self-propelled compost turning machine is mainly used for composting large areas of pig manure or other organic fertilizers. The organic fertilizer is turned into strips, the width can be determined according to the working width of the equipment, and fast composting can be realized through the back and forth stacker. The advantage of this device is that it is not restricted by the site, flexible and free. According to the principle of aerobic fermentation, the fermenting bacteria have the space to fully exert their functions. The power balance of the whole machine is suitable, the energy consumption is low, and the output is large, which reduces the production cost of organic fertilizer and makes the finished fertilizer have a price advantage. It has the advantages of small investment, low consumption, high fertilizer rate and high output.
The trough turning machine is suitable for aerobic fermentation and can be used in conjunction with solar fermentation rooms, fermentation tanks, and mobile machines. It can be used together with the mobile machine to realize the function of one machine with multiple slots. The fermentation tank can discharge continuously or in batches, with high efficiency, stable operation, firmness and durability, and even material throwing. The centralized control of the control cabinet can realize manual or automatic control functions. The bucket is durable, and the material has a certain amount of crushing and mixing functions. The travel limit switch acts as a safety limit.Our company is a professional fertilizer machine manufacturers, welcome to consult.
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Click on the above Text and purchase the: **OrganoMagic Liquid Soil Booster, with Micro & Macro Nutrients, NPK, Immunity & Growth Booster for All Plants, Organic Liquid Fertilizer for All Indoor and Outdoor Garden, 5 LTR**
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Organic agriculture fertilizer Manufacturer Supplier & Exporter - Best Organic Agriculture fertilizer Price per Kg / Ton
Organic fertilizers are fertilizers that are naturally produced and contain carbon (C). Fertilizers are materials that can be added to soil or plants, in order to provide nutrients and sustain growth. Typical organic fertilizers include mineral sources, all animal waste including meat processing, manure, slurry, and guano, plant based fertilizers, such as compost, and bio solids. There are also other abiotic non-chemical, fertilizer methods that meet the Principles of Organic Agriculture, which determines whether a fertilizer can be used for commercial organic agriculture.
We are Manufacturer Supplier & Exporter of Fertilizer Contact Us Phone: +79266450870For Bulk Liquid / Powder Fertilizer Price List Email: [email protected]
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10 advantages of organic fertilizers1. Homogeneous nutritional valuesnutrients in organic fertilizers. Nutrients for soil, soil life and plants.The mixing during composting ensures the right distribution of nutrients. By composting the nutrients remain intact and there is little loss of nitrogen. Because of the stable mineral content it is easy to calculate the required dosage. 2. Completely weed-freeBy heating (60° C) the raw materials for a longer period, the weed seeds, germs, unwanted fungi and bacteria are completely killed. The end result is a clean product with mineral content. 3. High moisture-absorbing capacityComposting provides an organic fertilizer pellet with a high moisture-absorbing capacity (up to three times its own weight). A poor soil loses moisture (rain) quickly because it washes away or evaporates. Our pellets prevent water from being wasted because the pellets retain water. By using the pellets the organic matter level of the soil will be brought up. As a result, less water will be wasted and thus saved on water consumption. 4. Long-lastingAnother advantage of a pellet is that it can be stored easily and for a longer period. The pellets can be stored for approximately 5 years in a closed package in a well ventilated and moisture-free environment. 5. Slow-releaseThe nutrients in organic fertilizers are released slowly, making them available for the crop during cultivation. This ensures a long-lasting effect and high effectiveness. icon-100%-natural-en.
6. 100% natural organic fertilizersOur organic fertilizers are produced from a residual flow without additives. Our production process is based on a circular concept and therefore our products are 100% natural. 7. No leaf or root burningComposting ensures the ammonium to be converted into a more stable form of nitrogen. This nitrogen is released slowly, eliminating the risk of leaf or root burning.
8. Neutral odour because of compostingComposting neutralises the odour and makes the end product an almost odorless pellet. 9. Applicable anywhere and anytimeThe organic fertilizers can be used at any type of soil and can be applied throughout the year (with the exception of frost in the ground).
10. Organic fertilizers are easy applicableThe pellets can be spread manually or mechanically with ordinary machinery, also during growing season. This decreases mineral washout and improves growth.
Fertilizer Type we Provide:Powder Fertilizer | Bio-Feed | Microelements | Special FormulationWe are specialist in fertilizing
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Iris Publishers - World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science (WJASS)
Biofertilizer Impacts on Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Cultivation: Improved Soil Health and Quality, Igbariam, Nigeria
Authored by Ayodele A Otaiku
Introduction
Many diseases are caused by pathogens, whose damage symptoms appear on the leaves, stems and storage roots [1] during cassava cultivation. The common diseases of cassava are cassava mosaic disease, cassava bacterial blight, cassava anthracnose disease, cassava bud necrosis and root rot. Some of these diseases attack the leaves and stems of cassava plants while others attack the storage roots [2]. Cassava mosaic disease is caused by the African cassava mosaic virus which occurs inside the leaves and stems and causes yield reductions of up to 90 percent [3]. Economical damage by diseases, pests and weeds of cassava is relatively moderate, although white flies can be a menace in some regions, if the problem is not identified early, and remedial action not implemented in a timely manner (Figure 1). Correct identification of the pest and an understanding of its behaviour, including its most vulnerable stages would provide insights into its management affects crops yield and development. Care must be then taken if pesticide application is contemplated, since there is the likelihood of high residual levels remaining in the product after harvest if an inappropriate formulation is not used.
Biopesticides can exert fungicidal, insecticidal, or nematocidal action via the microbial inoculate in the biofertilizer, a combination of them and possibly other auxiliary functions such as bird and mammal repellents or herbicides. According to recent classifications [4,5]. Bio-control action is due to multiple synergic mechanisms, generally including: i) production of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites (e.g., phenazines by Pseudomonas spp., lipopeptides by Bacillus spp., and hydrocyanic acid by Rhizobia); and ii) secretion of lytic and defense enzymes (e.g., chitinases, glucanases, peroxidases, polyphenol oxidases, and phenylalanine ammonia lyases produced by Trichoderma, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Serratia, Streptomyces and Bacillus strains) [6,7]. The drawback of using living microorganisms is that their efficacy is often unpredictable under changing field conditions, and their fitness is reduced by the presence of an indigenous microbiota difficult to displace by non-native microorganisms [7,8]. Additionally, the antagonistic interactions occurring in formulations containing more than one microbial species limit their potential in integrated pest management strategies [9,10].
Climate change and soil biological health
It is commonly observed that applying only N or N + P can lead to a decline in particulate organic matter (>53 m fraction) and soil biological activity (soil respiration, microbial biomass C and N). These however improved significantly by moving towards balanced application through the addition of NPK or NPK+ organics [19]. Also, actual field studies on microbial diversity and activity are few. Contrary to a hypothesis that leaf litter produced under elevated CO2 and having a high C: N ratio would be difficult to decompose, the microorganisms were found to adapt to changing soil carbon input under elevated CO2 and there was no effect on their turnover and behaviour [20]. Expectedly, under 15 elevated CO2, increased immobilization of fertilizer N by stimulation of mineralization (SMB) of soil organic matter (SOM) nitrogen was observed [21].
Thus, greater microbial demand for N (>27%) was observed under elevated CO2 [22]. As warmer temperatures are maintained, the less efficient use of carbon by the microbes causes them to decrease in number, eventually resulting in less carbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere [23] via an agricultural soil vis-à-vis a desert soil (warmed in real world over time) attests this reality. Mycorrhizal and N2-fixing relationships are generally enhanced by CO2 enrichment, but effects of warming are highly variable [24]. There are reports proving that soil resistance and resilience is linked to soil biodiversity [25] and ‘higher’ soil diversity protects the soil against ecosystem malfunctions under stress or disturbance: an ‘insurance hypothesis’ linked to soil biodiversity [26].
Unfortunately, some African soils lack essential nutrients. In Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania low yield of crops was attributed mainly to poor soil fertility [27]. For instance, Zn is deficient in most West African soils, especially the lowland areas [28] while plant viable P is unavailable in the iron-rich tropical soils of Africa due to low pH and high level of iron and aluminum oxides [29]. The soil lacks Ca, Mg and K, and when acidic, has a high level of free Mn, which is toxic to crops. Buhmann, et al. [30], some South African soils are deficient in K and P, making it unsuitable for cultivation. Africa has lower fertilizer consumption when compared to other regions of the world. In 2002, sub-Saharan Africa had about 8 kg/ha of fertilizer consumption which increased to 12 kg/ ha in 2010 and 18 kg/ha in 2013 (Sommer et al., 2013). This is far below that of other regions of the world such as North America, South Asia, and East Asia and Pacific which were estimated at 127.9 kg/ha, 151.8 and 337.0 kg/ha respectively (World Bank Fertiliser Consumption, 2013).
Sub-Saharan Africa fertilizer market lacks basic infrastructure for sustainability, efficient pricing and competition (Sommer et al., 2013). Biofertilizers should not be misunderstood for organic fertilizers such as compost, animal manure and plant manure or extracts [31,32]. However, whether the beneficial microbes improve crop accessibility to nutrients [6,33] or replenish soil nutrients (Shridhar, 2012; Thamer et al., 2011), if the overall nutrient condition of crop and soil has been improved, such substances containing the beneficial microorganisms are considered as biofertilizers [32]. The objectives are:
• How biofertilizer functional architecture links system design (microbial inoculant) impacts on the cassava crops nutrient use efficiency.
• To use the outcome indicators (crop yield, soil organic matter) as a determinant of soil health and quality and soil nutrient facility management.
• How the microbial inoculant impacts on the integrated soil management?
• What are the indicators of soil quality?
Methodology
Biofertilizer functional models - soil health and quality
The environment-centric view (biofertilizer impacts) considers function as its effects (biofertilizer). The device-centric view considers function in term of internal parameters of the object (cassava crop physiology). The device-centric functions are the outcome (yield, soil health and quality) of the deployment of the environment centric functions. Eppinger and Browning, 2012 define. Underrating the biofertilizer system architecture of cassava crop cultivation within the agro-ecology, their relationships to crop development, evolution and outcome (yield, soil health and quality). Models are representations of the current understanding of a phenomenon or process of interest [34,35]. Functional models describe the relationship among variables using the simplest description of causal relations possible that still provides a useful description of the process or phenomenon [36]. A functional model would describe the components of the biofertilizer system and how they interact soils and crops cultivation. A mechanistic model would describe the properties of the biofertilizer contained in the components of the soil systems during cultivation. Information is also required on the driving forces that impact the variables controlling outcomes This driving force-outcome-response framework (or pressure-state- response framework) is widely used in environmental assessment [37].
Biofertilizer is dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in the cassava (independent variable or manipulated variable) field experiment. The independent variable (cassava crop) effect on the dependent variable is observed and recorded. Indicators can be used to communicate information on driving forces, outcomes, or responses. Driving force indicators communicate information on the causes of a problem, which may provide incentives for appropriate responses or be used to monitor the efficacy of responses. Outcome indicators communicate information on the effects of a problem on a goal. Outcome indicators are often slow to respond but are directly related to the issue and are useful for assessment and planning. Response indicators communicate information on the extent to which remedial actions are implemented. Response indicators respond quickly, but their effects are not evident until much later. Indicators may communicate information on level, change or structure [38]. An indicator of structure provides information on industry or policy structures related to driving force (e.g., average farm size) or response (e.g., proportion of farms with an environmental farm plan). Water quality: watersheds with the greatest risk of non-point pollution are identified based on leaching and runoff vulnerability indices calculated for pesticides and nutrients (Figure 3).
For example, vulnerability indices for nutrients are obtained from estimates of excess nutrient levels (manure or commercial fertilizer sources) combined with estimates of leaching (based on precipitation and hydrologic factors) or estimates of run-off, Figure 2 reported by Kellogg et al. [39]. In the United States to develop soil ratings based on measured soil properties for the comparison of land management systems [40] and the approach, soil quality is considered an inherent property of the soil that can be determined from measurable soil attributes [41]. When a soil quality parameter declines below an acceptable limit, an appropriate response is required to increase soil quality. Acceptable limits depend on land use, soil characteristics, landform and climatic conditions. Many potential parameters of soil quality, measurable at various scales of assessment, have been proposed (Table 1). Wander & Bollero [42] concluded that particulate organic matter, mean wet weight diameter of aggregates, bulk density and penetration resistance may be good indicators of soil quality because they are sensitive to management and environmentally relevant.
Acton & Gregorich [43] defined soil quality as “the soil’s fitness to support crop growth without resulting in soil degradation or otherwise harming the environment”. Larson & Pierce [41] stated that “soil quality describes how effectively soils: 1) accept, hold, and release nutrients and other chemical constituents; 2) accept, hold, and release water to plants, streams and groundwater; 3) promote and sustain root growth; 4) maintain suitable biotic habitat; and 5) respond to management and resist degradation”. Karlen et al. [44] defined soil quality as “the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function, within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and support human health and habitation”.
Soil quality and health
Soil quality can be defined as the fitness of a specific kind of soil, to function within its capacity and within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and support human health and habitation [45]. Soil quality is related to soil functions and soil health concepts views soil as a finite and dynamic living resource [46]. Plant health is clearly a component of soil health but necessarily not of soil quality [47]. Baker & Cook [48] described the soils in which disease severity or incidence remains low, in spite of the presence of a pathogen, a susceptible host plant and climatic conditions favorable for disease development, as suppressive soils. Soil biota like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a significant role in improving plant nutrition but also act as bioprotectants against pathogens and toxic substances [49]. Thus, there is a considerable degree of overlap in the meaning of soil quality and soil health (Doran, 2002), though soil health perceptions tend to focus more on biotic components of soil [50]. Soil degradation or deterioration in soil health or quality implies loss of the vital functions of soil: (i) providing physical support, water and essential nutrients required for growth of terrestrial plants; (ii) regulation of the flow of water in the environment and (iii) elimination of the harmful effects of contaminants by means of physical, chemical and biological processes, i.e., environmental buffer or filter [38,51]. The quality and health of soil determine agricultural sustainability and environmental quality, which jointly determine plant, animal and human health [21,52].
Results and Discussion
Biofertilizer - mechanism of action
The absence of a population of degrading microorganisms can be overcome by the inoculation of the plant rhizosphere with pollutant degrading strains and biosurfactants during crop cultivation via biofertilizer. This approach successful in reducing the levels of benzene, ethylene, toluene xylenes, hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides in polluted environments [50,53] especially in Africa poor soil profile. The rhizosphere is defined as the volume of the soil over which roots have influence, and which is shared with soil bacteria. Plants release exudates in the rhizosphere likely to serve as carbon source for microbes [54]. Consequently, rhizosphere microbes can promote plant health by stimulating root growth via production of plant growth regulators, enhance mineral and water uptake. Some bacteria, especially fluorescent pseudomonads, produce siderophores that have very high affinities for iron as compared to fungal siderophores [55] and can sequester this limited resource from other microflora thereby preventing their growth [56].
Earlier reports have demonstrated the importance of P. fluorescens siderophores in disease suppression [57,58], Figure 4. However, many endophytic bacteria are facultative plant colonizers and have to compete well in the rhizosphere before entering the plant [59] and might be therefore equipped with a rich arsenal of metabolites involved in defense as well as in interaction with the plant. Many bacteria with the capacity of colonizing plants utilize the nutrient niche of root surfaces in the rhizosphere and most of them might even actively switch from root surface to endophytic lifestyles [59,60]. These bacteria comprise several well characterized species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas and a number of metabolites, particularly lipopeptides synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthesases, have been described to be important for rhizosphere bacteria for antibiosis and for inducing plant defense mechanisms (Figure 5). Biofertilizer characteristics (Table 2) and biosurfactants (Table 3) applied in the filed cassava cultivation requires no chemical pesticide. This was as a result of might be cassava plant-associated lifestyle requires adaptation to several niches, in which different metabolites act as signals for interaction (communication) with the plant and host specific plants nutrient and crop protection.
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Organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer for tree planting?
A full set of organic fertilizer production line equipment includes: fermentation turning machine, crusher, feeder, horizontal mixer, organic fertilizer granulator machine, dryer, cooling machine, screening machine, weighing and packaging machine. Common organic fertilizer granulators include: npk fertilizer granulator, drum granulator, disc granulator machine, new organic fertilizer granulator, new two-in-one organic fertilizer granulator, flat die granulator machine, ring die granulator, each granulator has its own production characteristics, and the fertilizer granulator machine price varies.
1. Use organic fertilizerOrganic fertilizer plays a key role in plant growth, organic fertilizer is natural and authentic, not only has no side effects, but also has great benefits for plants and the environment. Organic fertilizers can be applied throughout the land period to increase the efficiency of soil fertilizer. Organic fertilizers can also be applied as trees grow, especially seedlings. Multi-use of organic fertilizer can promote the growth of seedlings.
2. Use compound fertilizerCompound fertilizer has a high nutrient content and can be properly used during the growth period of trees. Choose the right compound fertilizer. According to the instructions, the compound fertilizer should not be used too much, otherwise it is easy to burn the seedlings. Fertilization can be done several times, fertilizing 1-2 times a month during the tree growth period.
3. Fertilization methodOrganic fertilizers are mainly topdressing. Throughout the land process, a liberal amount of organic fertilizer can be sprinkled and mixed with the soil. During the growth period of trees, compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer can be applied to the roots. Be careful not to get too close to the roots. Keep a distance. You can dig a ring around the roots and fertilize.
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What is the cost to set up npk fertilizer plant?
• Website construction costs. First, if you want to produce commercial NPK fertilizers, you need to buy or rent a production site. But this price needs to be calculated according to your local charging standard.
• Organic fertilizer equipment cost. The exact price of our machine is related to the machine capacity. But when you buy any machine, you need to consider the purchase cost and operating cost. Your procurement cost will be lower if you choose a machine manufacturer instead of an intermediate supplier. More importantly, if you choose a professional fertilizer equipment manufacturer, the machines you buy will be of good quality and low energy consumption, which will also greatly reduce your operating costs.
In the npk manufacturing process, if you want to use a dry granulator, you need to control the moisture content of the raw materials at about 10%. A clear advantage of using a dry granulator is that you don't need to buy a dryer and cooler. Here, we recommend you to use the double roller granulator. It is a multifunctional granulator used to make fertilizers of various shapes.
However, for some NPK fertilizer producers, they want to buy wet granulator. Because the use of wet granulator will not produce dust. In addition, the price of wet granulator is lower than that of twin-roller granulator. And, you can choose the right one between pan granulator and rotary drum granulator.
•Labor costs. When you are going to run npk production line, you need some workers to help you. So, you need to spend some money to hire people. Generally speaking, the small NPK fertilizer plants we designed only need 3-4 workers. One person can feed the raw material, two workers can operate the machine, and the last one can be responsible for packing NPK fertilizer.
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Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources
An Over View of Organic Farming in Indian Agricultural System
Authored by N Tensingh Baliah
Abstract
Now-a-days, organic farming practices are gaining importance as farmers have realized the benefits of organic farming in terms of soil fertility, soil health and sustainable productivity. Farmers are well aware with the use of organic liquid manures in organic farming. These organic manures play a key role in promoting growth and providing immunity to plant system. The principle of organic cultivation is attracting the farmers' world over due to its various advantages over modern agricultural practices. Essentially, it is a farming system which supports and strengthens biological processes without recourse to inorganic remedies such as chemicals or genetically modified organisms. Furthermost, the organic agriculture is more productive and highly sustainable one.
Keywords: Modern Agriculture; Organic Farming; Organic Manures and Crop Response
Introduction
Green Revolution (GR) technologies are known to have enhanced agricultural production and productivity. The technologies greatly helped to address the food security of India, farmers using these technologies have to depend upon the purchased inputs. The small farmers, who by cash flow definition are short of cash, are therefore found to lag behind large farmers in the adoption of technologies. The manufactures of fertilizers and pesticides, the two major inputs of GR technologies, need fossil fuels and/or expensive energy, and are associated with serious environmental and health problems [1]. Modern agricultural farming practices, along with irrational use of chemical inputs over the past four decades have resulted in not only loss of natural habitat balance and soil health but have also caused many hazards like soil erosion, decreased groundwater level, soil salinization, pollution due to fertilizers and pesticides, genetic erosion, ill effects on environment, reduced food quality and increased the cost of cultivation, rendering the farmer poorer year by year [2].
In India, cropping system involves the usage of inorganic and organic fertilizers to improve soil health and soil fertility. However, the mismanagement and excessive use of inorganic fertilizers creates problems in soil fertility and the environment. Hence, a widespread need has arisen to go in for organic farming and cultivation. The efficiency of sole organic inputs in nutrient management was studied through the use of different types of organic manures. Organic farming is a productive system, which reduces or avoids entirely the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, growth regulators and other agricultural chemicals. The system relies on crop rotation, organic manure and biofertilizers for nutrient supply, biopesticides and biocontrol for pest and disease control and innovative crop husbandry practices for maintaining soil productivity.
Organic Farming
Organic farming is an approach to producing food products that is intended to overcome the negative impacts of the Green Revolution on soil, air, water, landscape, and humans worldwide. Organic farming methods are continuously being developed by farmers, scientists and concerned people all over the world. A central element of the organic farming approach is the efficient use of on-farm and local resources such as farmyard manure, indirect crop protection and local seeds. It pursues a course of promoting the powers of self-regulation and resistance which plants and animals possess naturally [3].
Organic farming is not based exclusively on short term economics, but also considers ecological concepts. It utilizes appropriate technology and appropriate traditional farming methods. This form of farming can also be called sustainable form of farming or sustainable agriculture. The principles of this method are: organize the production of crops and livestock and the management of farm resources so that they harmonize rather than conflict with natural system; use and develop appropriate technologies based upon an understanding of biological systems; achieve and maintain soil fertility for optimum production by relying primarily on renewable resources; use diversification to pursue optimum production use for optimum nutritional value of staple food; use decentralized structures for processing, distributing and marketing of products; strive for equitable relationship between those who work and live on the land and maintain and preserve wildlife and their habitats [4,5].
Nature Of Organic Manures/Fertilizers
Compost is one of the less concentrated organic manures, but it is extremely valuable in adding extra body to soils especially the sandy ones. Compost can also help to lighten heavy clay soils. The application of organic manure helps in increasing the organic matter content of the soil, in maintaining soil natural productivity [6]. According to the application of organic manures not only produced the highest and sustainable crop yield, but also improved the soil fertility and productivity of land [7]. A combination of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients might be helpful to obtain a good economic return with good soil health for the subsequent crop yield [8,9]. Bulky organic manures contain small percentage of nutrients and they are applied in large quantities. Farmyard manure (FYM), compost and green manure are the most important and widely used bulky organic manures. Use of bulky organic manures have several advantages: they supply plant nutrients including micronutrients; improve soil physical properties like structure, water holding capacity; increase the availability of nutrients; plant parasitic nematodes and fungi are controlled to some extent by altering the balance of microorganisms in the soil.
The bulk density, total porosity and aggregate stability of surface soil improve by the hugger organic matter levels of the organic farming soil. It is an excellent organic fertilizer is concentrated source of nitrogen and other essential nutrients. It has direct effect on plant growth. It has high K and C:N ratio values and wood ash had high K and C:N ratio [10]. Earthworms can serve as tools to facilitate several functions. They serve as "nature's plowman" and form nature's gift to produce good humans, which is the most precious material to fulfill the nutritional needs of crops. The utilization of vermicompost results in several benefits to farmers, industries, environment and overall national economy They are finely-divided mature peat-like materials with a high porosity, aeration, drainage and water-holding capacity and microbial activity which are stabilized by interactions between earthworms and microorganisms in a non-thermophilic process. Vermicompost treated soils have lower pH and increased levels of organic matter, primary nutrients and soluble salts.
Vermi compost is rich in N, P, K, Ca, Mg and vermicompost when used improve the water holding capacity. Supplementing N through inorganic sources, thus play a vital role in increasing the yield of the crop [11]. Neem cake consists of neem seed along with natural nutrients which is required for the growth of plants. Every part of tree i.e. leaves, flowers, fruits, bark, seed are utilized as a pesticides, insecticides, medicine, diabetic food, mosquito repellant. It is potentially one of most valuable and least exploited of all tropical trees. It has adequate quantity of NPK in organic form for plant growth. Being totally botanical product it contains 100% natural NPK content and other essential micro nutrients [12,13]. Wood ash is a residual material produced during the conversion of biomass to electrical energy by wood-burning power plants.
It is obtained from the combustion of wood. It can be related to fly ash since fly ash is obtained from coal, which is a fossilized wood An estimated 1.5 to 3.0 million dry tons of It is generated annually in the United States with 90% of the ash being land filled. Land spreading is an alternative disposal method which is 33%- 66% less costly than land filling due to the drastic rise of prices for commercial fertilizers, the search for alternative fertilizer resources becomes increasingly important [14]. The reutilization of residues from bio energy processes for plant nutrition is an important factor to save fertilizers and to realize nutrient cycling in agriculture [15]. The ashes remaining from combustion of biomass are the oldest man-produced mineral fertilizers in the world. They contain nearly all nutrients except of nitrogen (N) and can help to improve plant nutrition regarding phosphorus (P), the fertilizer effect of biomass ashes and the solubility of P in ashes are evaluated differently.
Crop Response to Organic Manures
Vermi compost: Vermi compost was found to be richer on P, K, Ca and Mg and enrichment of trace elements like Fe, Cu, and Mn. The application of vermicompost to plant resulted in increased root length and shoots length and plant biomass. The application of nitrogen through urea and vermicompost significantly increased the nitrogen and protein content in okra fruit over control. The number of fruits per plant, fruit length and fruit yield increased significantly due to application of 100 % N (90 kg/ ha) through urea and vermicompost over control. Vermicompost has been used in flowering plants like balsam, zinnia, celosia and marigold; Vegetable crops like tomato, carrot, and brinjal and fruit crops such as grape and banana [16,17]. Earthworm casts promote root initiation and root biomass and increase root percentage. Earthworm casts have hormone- like effect, influencing the development and precociousness of plants. Vermicomposted larval litter significantly increased the length and weight of shoot and root, shoot: root ratio and N, P, K uptake. Application of recommended doses of NPK fertilizers, earthworm and cow dung has much significantly increased the chlorophyll and protein contents of mulberry leaves. Rice grown on worm casts produced higher shoot fresh weight and dry weight and showed higher nutrient uptake, lower fertilizer response than rice grown on surface soils [18].
The application of vermin compost had a significant effect on root and fruit weight of tomatoes. In 100 % vermicompost treatment, fruit, shoot, and root weights were three, five, and nine times, respectively more than control. Where vermicompost was applied at 5 t/ ha or at 10 t/ ha, increased shoot weight and leaf area of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L) compared to inorganic fertilizers [19]. The application of vermicompost 3 t/ h to chickpea improved dry matter accumulation, grain yield, and grain protein content in chickpea, soil nitrogen and phosphorus and bacterial count, dry fodder yield of succeeding maize (Zea mays L) and total nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by the ropping system over vermicompost [20] and increased the vegetative growth and yield of Hibiscus esculentus [21].
Farmyard Manure (FYM): Farm yard manure is an important source of plant nutrients. It is composed of dung, urine of bedding and straws. Application of FYM at 10 t/ha and poultry manure at 5 t/ha significantly increased number of branches per plant, leaf area index and dry weight per plant. The fresh and dry weight per plant was higher in the vermicompost and FYM treated tomato. The highest protein content in okra fruit was recorded with application of N (90 kg/ ha) through FYM, vermicompost, poultry manure and urea over control [22,23]. The application of 100 per cent RDF and FYM at 20 t/ ha significantly increased growth attributes viz. plant height at harvest, number of branches per plant, leaf area and chlorophyll content in okra [24].
The effect of organic manures on yield characters was significantly superior over inorganic fertilizer in brinjal. The maximum fruit yield was obtained with the treatment of FYM + vermicompost. The total potato (Solanum tuberosum L) tubers yield was significantly higher with the application ofvermicompost and FYM [25]. The results indicated that the farmyard manure and higher doses of potassium proved best to increase the yield of potatoes. Organic manures such as cow dung, poultry manure and crop residues were used as alternatives for the inorganic fertilizers but no conclusive results were obtained to ascertain which among these organic sources of nutrition gave a higher yield of tomato [26,27]. Application of farm yard manure, which contained both mineral and organic N, was used to improve soil fertility and rice yield [28]. A good response of potatoes was observed in shape of increased yield with the application of potash fertilizers alone and even better with combined application of FYM. Response of potato was very clearly observed with increased levels of potassium supply along with organic manures [29,30]. The plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and total dry matter production in various plant parts of chilli recorded significantly higher values with combined application of NPK + FYM as compared to NPK alone [31].
Neem Cake: Neem cake is rich in plant nutrients and in addition to that it contains alkaloids like Nimbin and Nimbidin, which have nitification inhibiting properties and release N slowly. The improved yield is due to neem cake application in brinjal. It is gaining popularity because it is environmental friendly and also the compounds found in it help to increase the nitrogen and phosphorous content in the soil. It is rich in sulphur, potassium, calcium, nitrogen, etc [32]. It is used to manufacture high quality organic or natural manure, which does not have any aftermaths on plants, soil and other living organisms. The application of 25% nitrogen through neem cake and 75% through poultry manure was found superior in the enhancement of the growth, yield and quality parameters of bitter gourd. The application of nutrients like neem cake, different nitrogen levels, and biofertilizers has a significant and vital effect on yield and quality attributes of chilli [33] and asserts the highest dry weight of root, dry weight of rhizome per plant and total dry matter yield from neem cake applied at 2.0 t/ha in turmeric [34].
Wood Ash: Wood ash increases soil pH and thus enhances the growth of neutrophilic microorganisms [35]. The higher pH increases the fraction of DOC which is the main resource for microbial growth [36]. Sludges are efficient N fertilizers, and thus the combination with wood ash should have increased plant growth as has been shown for corn [37] for poultry litter ash. An increase of extractable soil P after application of alfalfa stems ash. The positive effects of ashes on soil texture, aeration, water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity [38]. The application of ash promotes plant growth only if there is no N limitation. The high content of Ca, K and Mg in wood ash results in an immediate neutralization acid soils upon application. The ability of ashes to increase soil pH by oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of K, Mg and Ca is an advantage for the treatment of acidic soils [39].
It was found that increased in pod yield of okra with application of wood ash up to 8 t/ha. The burning of Sesbenia wood and incorporation of the ash into soil increased grain yield of maize markedly, while the application of ash young maize plants had significantly increased the yield of maize [40,41]. The yield of vegetable crops and nutrient content were improved by wood ash [42] and reduced acidity and increased cation availability in soils amended with wood ash [43]. There was great potential of reducing fertilizer and lime bills in maize production of an acidic soil by replacing it with application of wood-ash, since it helps to increase soil pH, available cations and yield.
Conclusion
Organic farming system in India is not new and is being followed from ancient time. It is a method of farming system which primarily aimed at cultivating the land and raising crops in such a way, as to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco friendly pollution free environment. With the increase in population our compulsion would be not only to stabilize agricultural production but to increase it further in sustainable manner. The scientists have realized that the 'Green Revolution' with high input use has reached a plateau and is now sustained with diminishing return of falling dividends. Thus, a natural balance needs to be maintained at all cost for existence of life and property. The obvious choice for that would be more relevant in the present era, when these agrochemicals which are produced from fossil fuel and are not renewable and are diminishing in availability. It may also cost heavily on our foreign exchange in future.
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GreenGro Rose & Flower Fertilizer - Outdoor & Indoor Plant Food for Bigger Blooms/Organic Fertilizer & Flower Food for Roses, Orchids, Tulips, Marigolds, & More/Essential Plant Nutrients (4 lb)
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Function characteristics of cow manure organic fertilizer production equipment
Cattle farms produce a lot of cow dung every day, so it is necessary to pay attention to the treatment of odor, odor collection and construction of deodorization facilities. The fermentation period of cow manure is about 15 days. Compared with traditional farm manure, the fermentation period is shorter and the maturity is higher. The fermentation period will not seriously affect the surrounding environment.
Cow manure organic fertilizer production equipment mainly includes cow manure fermentation compost turner machine, drum dryer, cooler, organic fertilizer granulator, screening machine and so on.
https://www.organic-fertilizer-machinery.com/production-line/organic-fertilizer-production-line.html
1. Cow dung fermentation and composting machine
The compost turner is mainly used to mix the organic solid waste with water content less than 60% with auxiliary materials (plant straw, etc.) and microbial fermentation agent, and make it fully mature, sterilized, deodorized and dehydrated through continuous aerobic fermentation in the pool. The moisture content of the decomposed material is generally in the range of 30-35%. After screening, it can be directly used for pelletizing to produce spherical organic fertilizer or powdered organic fertilizer.
2. Drum dryer
The drum dryer continuously and evenly sprays the dry hot air flow on the accumulation layer of the granular fertilizer for heat value exchange, and the moisture is continuously accumulated on the upper part of the dryer and quickly emptied. The dryer has the characteristics of advanced technology, unique structure, full heat value exchange, energy saving and high efficiency. The drying temperature is controllable, which can effectively guarantee the activity of microorganism. It is a breakthrough in the technology of low temperature and high efficiency drying of bio organic fertilizer.
3. Organic fertilizer granulator
The new pelletizing technology is adopted in this machine, which makes organic materials continuously knead in the pelletizing area to form a sphere, with smooth particle shape, high pelletizing rate and low energy consumption. The pelletizing efficiency of organic fertilizer pelletizer is higher than that of traditional extrusion pelletizer. It is the core of cattle manure organic fertilizer production equipment.
4. Drum screener machine
The particles enter the screening machine through the conveying device, and the screening machine selects qualified products for packaging. The machine has unique structure, good screening effect, less investment, low energy consumption and reliable operation.
Compared with the manure treatment equipment, the investment of the organic fertilizer production equipment is smaller and the cost is lower. A ton of cow dung (with various organic matters and nutrients) can be sold at a good price. The richer the organic matter and nutrient elements are, the higher the selling price is. The selling price of granular fertilizer is higher than that of powdered organic fertilizer. Huaqiang fertilizer equipment company provides a complete set of organic fertilizer production equipment and NPK fertilizer production line, as well as full one-stop services to meet your needs.
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