#Oil and Gas CAPEX Market

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Brazil’s piped gas transporters project US$5.8bn in capex

Brazil’s piped natural gas transportation companies intend to invest 30bn reais (US$5.8bn) by 2033, Rogério Manso, CEO of industry association ATGás, told BNamericas.  

The amount includes the previously reported 18bn reais, which are mostly focused on expansion projects by 2030, in addition to undertakings planned to reach new markets. 

Among the latter group is a project to build a pipeline to take gas to Uberaba, in Minas Gerais state, an important fertilizer production hub. 

Atlas Agro intends to build a green fertilizer unit in the municipality, which was also targeted for a fertilizer project designed by federal oil giant Petrobras known as UFN V that ended up being canceled.  

Continue reading.

[newsmarketreports]

In-Depth Analysis of the Oil and Gas Refining Industry: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Outlook

Introduction to the Oil and Gas Refining Industry

The oil and gas refining industry is a cornerstone of the global energy sector, transforming crude oil and natural gas into essential products such as gasoline, diesel, and petrochemicals. This sector plays a crucial role in meeting the world’s energy needs and supporting various industries. This comprehensive analysis explores the current state of the oil and gas refining industry, examines key trends and challenges, and provides insights into future developments.

Buy the Full Report for More Insights into the Refining Capacity And Capex Market Forecast, Download A Free Report Sample

Overview of the Oil and Gas Refining Industry

The refining process involves several stages, including distillation, conversion, and treatment, to produce refined products from crude oil and natural gas. Refineries are strategically located around the world, often near major oil production sites or key transportation hubs. The industry is characterized by its complex infrastructure, significant capital investment, and the need for stringent safety and environmental standards.

Key Components of the Refining Process

Distillation: The first step in refining, where crude oil is heated and separated into different fractions based on boiling points. This process produces various intermediate products, such as naphtha, kerosene, and diesel.

Conversion: This stage involves transforming intermediate products into more valuable products. Techniques such as cracking, reforming, and hydrocracking are used to break down larger molecules into smaller, more useful ones.

Treatment: The final stage involves treating refined products to remove impurities and improve their quality. This includes processes such as desulfurization, which reduces sulfur content to meet environmental regulations.

Current Trends in the Oil and Gas Refining Industry

Shift Towards Cleaner Fuels

The global push for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources is driving significant changes in the oil and gas refining industry. There is a growing emphasis on producing cleaner fuels, such as low-sulfur diesel and gasoline with reduced aromatic content. Refineries are investing in advanced technologies to meet stricter environmental regulations and reduce the carbon footprint of their products.

Technological Advancements and Digitalization

Technological innovation is transforming the refining industry, with digitalization playing a key role. Advanced technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) are enhancing operational efficiency, optimizing process control, and improving safety. Digital twins, predictive maintenance, and real-time analytics are becoming integral to modern refining operations.

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

Energy efficiency is a critical focus for refineries, driven by the need to reduce operational costs and environmental impact. Refineries are adopting energy-efficient technologies and processes, such as combined heat and power (CHP) systems and waste heat recovery. Additionally, there is a growing interest in integrating renewable energy sources into refining operations to support sustainability goals.

Increasing Demand for Petrochemicals

The demand for petrochemicals, which are derived from refined oil and gas products, is rising due to their widespread use in various industries, including automotive, construction, and consumer goods. Refineries are expanding their capabilities to produce a broader range of petrochemical products, driven by strong growth in emerging markets and evolving consumer preferences.

Challenges Facing the Oil and Gas Refining Industry

Regulatory Compliance and Environmental Standards

The refining industry faces stringent regulatory requirements and environmental standards, which can pose challenges for compliance. Regulations related to emissions, waste management, and product quality are becoming increasingly stringent, requiring refineries to invest in advanced technologies and processes to meet these standards. Non-compliance can result in substantial fines and operational disruptions.

Volatility in Crude Oil Prices

The oil and gas refining industry is highly sensitive to fluctuations in crude oil prices. Volatility in oil prices can impact refining margins, as the cost of crude oil constitutes a significant portion of overall operating expenses. Refineries must navigate these fluctuations by implementing strategies to manage price risks and optimize their supply chains.

Aging Infrastructure and Investment Needs

Many refineries operate with aging infrastructure, which can lead to inefficiencies and increased maintenance costs. Upgrading or replacing outdated equipment requires significant capital investment. Refineries must balance the need for modernization with the financial constraints of maintaining profitability in a competitive market.

Impact of Energy Transition

The global shift towards renewable energy and the decarbonization of the energy sector present challenges for the oil and gas refining industry. As the demand for fossil fuels gradually decreases, refineries must adapt their business models and explore opportunities for diversification. This may include investing in alternative energy sources or developing new products and services.

Future Outlook for the Oil and Gas Refining Industry

Expansion of Emerging Markets

Emerging markets, particularly in Asia-Pacific and Africa, are expected to drive significant growth in the oil and gas refining industry. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increasing energy demand in these regions are fueling investments in new refining capacity and infrastructure. Refineries are expanding their operations to capitalize on these growth opportunities and meet the rising demand for refined products.

Innovation in Refining Technologies

The future of the refining industry will be shaped by continued innovation and the adoption of advanced technologies. Innovations such as advanced refining catalysts, digital twins, and integrated process control systems will enhance operational efficiency and product quality. The industry will increasingly leverage digitalization to improve decision-making and optimize performance.

Focus on Circular Economy

The concept of a circular economy is gaining traction in the refining industry, with a focus on reducing waste and maximizing resource efficiency. Refineries are exploring opportunities to recycle and reuse by-products, such as petrochemical feedstocks and waste streams. This approach supports sustainability goals and reduces the environmental impact of refining operations.

Diversification and New Business Models

To navigate the challenges of the energy transition, refineries are exploring diversification and new business models. This includes investing in renewable energy projects, developing new products and services, and exploring partnerships with technology providers. Diversification strategies will enable refineries to adapt to changing market dynamics and capitalize on emerging opportunities.

Conclusion

The oil and gas refining industry is undergoing significant transformation, driven by technological advancements, regulatory changes, and shifting market dynamics. While challenges such as regulatory compliance, price volatility, and aging infrastructure persist, the industry presents numerous opportunities for growth and innovation. By embracing technological advancements, focusing on sustainability, and exploring new business models, refineries can navigate the evolving landscape and position themselves for long-term success.

[tritonmarketresearchamey]

HVC Market: An Explainer on Widening Applications

Given the infrastructure space, the budgetary allocation, industry CAPEX, and policy reforms have spearheaded investments in various projects in the past few years. The European Commission declared grants for 135 transport projects under the Connecting Europe Facility. Such projects will guarantee an increase in demand for all types of high voltage cables to meet energy demands among the growing population. As per Triton’s analysis, the global high voltage cable market is expected to garner revenue worth $59.80 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 5.52% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

Equipped with various conductors and insulators, HVCs are designed to transmit electricity over long distances without power losses. This benefit has elevated their adoption in various sectors, including infrastructure and renewable energy.

Rising Applications: Bridging the Growth Gap

We know that HVCs are expansively employed for high voltage energy transmission; however, their application is not limited to infrastructure. The vertical sector in the studied market includes renewable energy, infrastructure, and industrial. Let’s dive into each category to understand their role in the market’s expansion.

Renewable Energy: While there are several renewable energy sources, investments in solar and wind energy are by far at their peak. As per the Global Wind Energy Council, wind farms are estimated to generate around 536 GW of global power over the next 5 years. A sizable number of HVCs will be required to connect offshore projects to the main grid line. In this regard, submarine cables will be employed for offshore projects, while overhead cables will find application in onshore projects.

Regional Focus: Several European governments are supporting clean energy projects, with Germany leading over other nations. By 2050, the nation’s energy transition plan aims to generate 80% of electricity via renewable sources. To achieve this target, the nation is set to upgrade its high voltage power transmission networks. Further, in the Asia-Pacific, China leads in renewable energy installations, attaining a capacity of approximately 1020 GW in 2021. These factors are thus expected to offer lucrative opportunities for market development.

Industrial: Triton’s analysis of the given market by industrial vertical includes categories like mining, oil & gas, power & utilities, chemical & petroleum, and others. Estimates indicate the power & utility subsegment holds the largest share at a CAGR of 4.23% in the category. Underground and overhead cables have gained prominence in power utility, manufacturing, and mining, while the submarine is used in the oil & gas industry. The robust demand for HVCs is supported by the rising focus on installing power generation plants to support growing operations.

Regional Focus: Industrialization and government initiatives across the UK, Germany, France, and Spain have elevated the adoption of high voltage cables. Large-scale HVCs are employed for excavation projects for powering on-site machines. As per our analysis, the natural gas sector is anticipated to expand greatly. In South East Europe, the Gas Corridor pipeline infrastructure has delivered the first 10 billion cubic meters of gas as of March 2022. The Baltic Pipe Project is another project that connects gas reservoirs in Israel and Cyprus to Greece. These mega projects have widened the scope of the Europe HVC market.

Infrastructure: The HVC market is supported by various commercial and residential construction projects. The commercial category captures a majority of shares in the infrastructure segment. Several nations in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Latin America have undertaken upgradation projects from rail signaling to network infrastructure. Overhead and underground cables are widely deployed in big commercial spaces with the capacity to have their substations. Additionally, the rising demand to upgrade broadband services and the advent of the 5G network has influenced network providers to upgrade infrastructure, ultimately driving the high voltage cable market.

Regional Focus: Canada declared its plan to phase out coal-fired electricity by 2030, with the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia, setting ambitious energy targets. The government aims to invest around $350 billion in electricity infrastructure by 2030, soaring demand for various power equipment, including high voltage cables. Such developments are projected to open avenues for HVC manufacturers in North America.

Growth Outlook: Competitive Analysis

Given the rising applications of high voltage cables, there is intense competition among contenders. In recent years, urbanization, high power consumption, and investment in emerging nations have influenced players to acquire more contracts or engage in product launches to gain a higher market share.

NKT Cable, in January 2022, acquired Ventcroft Ltd to add its fire-resistant cable technology to the product line and expand in the European power cable market.

In September 2022, NKT Cable introduced low-carbon copper for the 320 kV HVDC cables to lower carbon footprint, delivered to Dogger Bank C in the North Sea.

Tratos partnered with Enertechnos in 2019 to develop an innovative cable to tackle the UK's energy loss.

In retrospect, population growth and industrialization have elevated the demand and production of HVCs across sectors. However, the rising efforts to limit global temperature below 2 °C under the Paris Agreement are expected to fuel the deployment of HVCs for clean energy development projects, ultimately driving the high voltage cable market on an additional growth trajectory.

 

FAQs:

Q1) What are the different types of high voltage cables?

Submarine, underground, and overhead are different HV cable types.

Q2) What factors are fueling high voltage cable adoption?

The growing infrastructure activities, high power demand, and development in emerging nations fuel the adoption of high voltage cables globally.

[journalheads]

PE ratio ineffective for valuing certain sectors and stocks in India: Kotak Securities

According to brokerage firm Kotak Securities, the PE multiple (price-to-earnings multiple)—a key valuation metric used by investors to evaluate the relative value of a stock or an index—is an ineffective valuation methodology for several sectors and stocks in India where earnings do not meaningfully translate into FCF (free cash flow) or returns to shareholders. Kotak believes many low PE sectors and stocks may not be as cheap as their headline numbers suggest. "We revisit the futility of PE valuations for valuing several sectors and stocks in India, given (1) low FCF-to-PAT in such sectors, (2) continued investment for incremental volumes and (3) continued investment in low-return businesses," said Kotak in a note on May 28.

The PE ratio is a simple way to measure how expensive or cheap a company's stock is compared to its earnings. However, the PE ratio can be an ineffective way to assess the valuation of certain companies, particularly in sectors where earnings do not accurately reflect the company's financial health or ability to generate cash. Free cash flow (FCF) measures how much cash a company generates after accounting for capital expenditures.

Kotak believes that the PE ratio is not useful for valuing companies in several sectors, such as automobile, tyres, cement, and speciality chemicals, and the type of companies, such as state-owned oil, gas, and fuel providers as in these sectors earnings don't effectively translate into free cash flow (FCF) or dividends.

"The market’s focus on PE (high or low is less relevant) is misplaced for such sectors, without taking cognisance of conversion of PAT to FCF," said Kotak. Giving the cement sector as an example, Kotak underscored that cement companies will continue to have high capex to deliver incremental volumes in the future. This will result in their FCF trailing PAT due to their low fixed asset turnover ratio.

"Cement companies had low FCF relative to their PAT, which will likely persist. We see strong volume growth, driven by housing and infrastructure demand, but the industry must incur large capex to support the growth. The debate around profitability is less relevant," said Kotak.

Similarly, Kotak said the oil, gas, and consumable companies, especially PSUs, will continue to invest in their core businesses, resulting in very low FCF relative to PAT.

Kotak pointed out that specialty chemicals companies have ambitious plans, requiring large capex, which results in low FCF in the medium term. They have historically seen low FCF/PAT ratios. "The current high PE valuations of the sector are underpinned by expectations of strong FCF generation in the future, which may or may not materialise once the growth phase is overdue to (1) the contractual nature of the business and (2) increased competition over time," said the brokerage firm. While PE may not be an effective method of valuing high-growth companies, state-owned firms, and capital-intensive sectors, experts say other valuation metrics, such as enterprise value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA) and return on equity (RoE), might provide a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of a company's financial performance and potential.

RoE shows how well a company is using the money invested by its shareholders to generate profits. EV/EBITDA provides insight into a company's operating performance and shows whether it is fairly valued, overvalued, or undervalued compared to its peers.

[marketsizereports]

Challenges and Opportunities in the Methanol Capacity And Capital Expenditure Market: A SWOT Analysis

For more insights into the Methanol capacity and capex market forecast, download a free report sample

Strengths:

Versatility as a Feedstock:

Methanol serves as a versatile feedstock for various industries, including chemicals, plastics, and fuels, providing a stable and diverse demand base.

Growing Global Demand:

The increasing demand for methanol, driven by industrial growth, alternative energy applications, and the desire for cleaner fuel sources, presents a positive outlook for the market.

Technological Advancements:

Ongoing advancements in methanol production technologies enhance efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and contribute to the overall competitiveness of the industry.

Strategic Regional Presence:

Major players have strategically positioned their operations in key regions, allowing them to tap into local markets and leverage regional strengths and resources.

Weaknesses:

Volatile Feedstock Prices:

The market is susceptible to fluctuations in feedstock prices, especially natural gas. Volatility in raw material costs can impact profit margins and long-term planning for manufacturers.

Environmental Concerns:

Methanol production processes may raise environmental concerns, particularly in terms of carbon emissions. Addressing these concerns is crucial as environmental regulations become more stringent.

Dependency on Downstream Industries:

The market's reliance on downstream industries exposes it to fluctuations in demand from sectors such as chemicals, plastics, and transportation, making it sensitive to broader economic conditions.

Opportunities:

Rising Interest in Renewable Methanol:

Growing interest in renewable methanol production presents an opportunity for the industry to align with sustainability goals and cater to environmentally conscious markets.

Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) Growth:

The expanding Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) segment offers new revenue streams and opportunities for market players to diversify their product portfolios.

Bio-based Methanol Production:

Investments in bio-based methanol production technologies offer the potential to create a more sustainable and eco-friendly product, tapping into the increasing demand for green chemicals.

Integration Across the Value Chain:

Companies can explore opportunities for vertical integration by combining methanol production with downstream activities, ensuring greater control over the supply chain and potentially improving cost efficiency.

Threats:

Economic Downturns:

The industry is vulnerable to global economic downturns, impacting construction, manufacturing, and transportation sectors that are key consumers of methanol.

Regulatory and Policy Risks:

Evolving environmental regulations and policy changes can pose risks to traditional methanol production processes, requiring companies to adapt to new standards and invest in cleaner technologies.

Global Energy Market Dynamics:

The methanol market is influenced by global energy market dynamics, including shifts in oil prices, geopolitical tensions, and changes in energy policies, which can affect both supply and demand.

Competition and Pricing Pressures:

Intense competition in the global market can lead to pricing pressures, impacting profit margins for companies. This is particularly true in regions with multiple players vying for market share.

In conclusion, the methanol capacity and capital expenditure market exhibit a mix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strategic positioning, technological innovation, and adaptation to changing market dynamics will be key factors determining the success of companies in this dynamic and evolving industry.

[johnblogs786]

The Dynamics of the Oil and Gas Liquids Storage Market: Trends and Challenges

The oil and gas industry plays a pivotal role in global energy supply, and the storage of its essential products, namely oil and gas liquids, is of utmost importance. These products, ranging from crude oil to refined petroleum products, provide the energy foundation for various sectors, including transportation, manufacturing, and heating. The oil and gas liquids storage market, characterized by its complexity, size, and criticality, is subject to ever-evolving trends and challenges that influence supply, demand, and pricing dynamics. In this article, we delve into the current state of the oil and gas liquids storage market, exploring key trends and challenges that shape its landscape.

Market Trends

Global Demand and Supply Dynamics: The oil and gas liquids storage market is closely intertwined with shifts in global demand and supply. Fluctuations in energy consumption patterns, geopolitical tensions, and economic growth significantly impact storage requirements. For instance, periods of economic expansion often result in increased energy consumption, thereby driving the need for additional storage capacities.

Strategic Reserve Investments: Governments of many countries maintain strategic petroleum reserves (SPRs) as a buffer against supply disruptions. These reserves are a significant driver of demand in the oil and gas liquids storage market. Recent geopolitical uncertainties and concerns over energy security have led several nations to expand their SPR capacities.

Floating Storage and Offshore Terminals: The rise of floating storage options and offshore terminals has added a new dimension to the oil and gas liquids storage market. Floating storage units (FSUs) and floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels enable companies to store products at sea, offering flexibility and cost savings during periods of oversupply or constrained onshore storage capacities.

Market Diversification: Players in the oil and gas liquids storage market are diversifying their offerings beyond traditional crude oil storage. This includes storage for various refined petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and petrochemicals. As the energy landscape evolves, storage providers must adapt to changing demands and requirements.

Challenges Facing the Market

Environmental and Regulatory Pressures: Increased environmental awareness and stringent regulations are shaping the way storage facilities operate. Storage companies are under pressure to reduce emissions, improve safety measures, and enhance spill prevention and response capabilities. Meeting these demands while maintaining operational efficiency poses a considerable challenge.

Investment Uncertainty: The oil and gas industry is capital-intensive, and investing in storage infrastructure requires long-term planning. However, the industry is also grappling with the growing influence of renewable energy sources and efforts to decarbonize. This uncertainty can make it challenging for companies to commit to substantial investments in traditional storage facilities.

For more regional insights on the liquid storage industry capacity and CapEx market, download a free sample report

[mrudula01]

HVC Market: An Explainer on Widening Applications

Given the infrastructure space, the budgetary allocation, industry CAPEX, and policy reforms have spearheaded investments in various projects in the past few years. The European Commission declared grants for 135 transport projects under the Connecting Europe Facility. Such projects will guarantee an increase in demand for all types of high voltage cables to meet energy demands among the growing population. As per Triton’s analysis, the global high voltage cable market is expected to garner revenue worth $59.80 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 5.52% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

Equipped with various conductors and insulators, HVCs are designed to transmit electricity over long distances without power losses. This benefit has elevated their adoption in various sectors, including infrastructure and renewable energy.

Rising Applications: Bridging the Growth Gap

We know that HVCs are expansively employed for high voltage energy transmission; however, their application is not limited to infrastructure. The vertical sector in the studied market includes renewable energy, infrastructure, and industrial. Let’s dive into each category to understand their role in the market’s expansion.

Renewable Energy: While there are several renewable energy sources, investments in solar and wind energy are by far at their peak. As per the Global Wind Energy Council, wind farms are estimated to generate around 536 GW of global power over the next 5 years. A sizable number of HVCs will be required to connect offshore projects to the main grid line. In this regard, submarine cables will be employed for offshore projects, while overhead cables will find application in onshore projects.

Regional Focus: Several European governments are supporting clean energy projects, with Germany leading over other nations. By 2050, the nation’s energy transition plan aims to generate 80% of electricity via renewable sources. To achieve this target, the nation is set to upgrade its high voltage power transmission networks. Further, in the Asia-Pacific, China leads in renewable energy installations, attaining a capacity of approximately 1020 GW in 2021. These factors are thus expected to offer lucrative opportunities for market development.

Industrial: Triton’s analysis of the given market by industrial vertical includes categories like mining, oil & gas, power & utilities, chemical & petroleum, and others. Estimates indicate the power & utility subsegment holds the largest share at a CAGR of 4.23% in the category. Underground and overhead cables have gained prominence in power utility, manufacturing, and mining, while the submarine is used in the oil & gas industry. The robust demand for HVCs is supported by the rising focus on installing power generation plants to support growing operations.

Regional Focus: Industrialization and government initiatives across the UK, Germany, France, and Spain have elevated the adoption of high voltage cables. Large-scale HVCs are employed for excavation projects for powering on-site machines. As per our analysis, the natural gas sector is anticipated to expand greatly. In South East Europe, the Gas Corridor pipeline infrastructure has delivered the first 10 billion cubic meters of gas as of March 2022. The Baltic Pipe Project is another project that connects gas reservoirs in Israel and Cyprus to Greece. These mega projects have widened the scope of the Europe HVC market.

Infrastructure: The HVC market is supported by various commercial and residential construction projects. The commercial category captures a majority of shares in the infrastructure segment. Several nations in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Latin America have undertaken upgradation projects from rail signaling to network infrastructure. Overhead and underground cables are widely deployed in big commercial spaces with the capacity to have their substations. Additionally, the rising demand to upgrade broadband services and the advent of the 5G network has influenced network providers to upgrade infrastructure, ultimately driving the high voltage cable market.

Regional Focus: Canada declared its plan to phase out coal-fired electricity by 2030, with the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia, setting ambitious energy targets. The government aims to invest around $350 billion in electricity infrastructure by 2030, soaring demand for various power equipment, including high voltage cables. Such developments are projected to open avenues for HVC manufacturers in North America.

Growth Outlook: Competitive Analysis

Given the rising applications of high voltage cables, there is intense competition among contenders. In recent years, urbanization, high power consumption, and investment in emerging nations have influenced players to acquire more contracts or engage in product launches to gain a higher market share.

NKT Cable, in January 2022, acquired Ventcroft Ltd to add its fire-resistant cable technology to the product line and expand in the European power cable market.

In September 2022, NKT Cable introduced low-carbon copper for the 320 kV HVDC cables to lower carbon footprint, delivered to Dogger Bank C in the North Sea.

Tratos partnered with Enertechnos in 2019 to develop an innovative cable to tackle the UK's energy loss.

In retrospect, population growth and industrialization have elevated the demand and production of HVCs across sectors. However, the rising efforts to limit global temperature below 2 °C under the Paris Agreement are expected to fuel the deployment of HVCs for clean energy development projects, ultimately driving the high voltage cable market on an additional growth trajectory.

FAQs:

Q1) What are the different types of high voltage cables?

Submarine, underground, and overhead are different HV cable types.

Q2) What factors are fueling high voltage cable adoption?

The growing infrastructure activities, high power demand, and development in emerging nations fuel the adoption of high voltage cables globally.

[watermanaustralia]

Comparison of Zero Liquid Discharge Systems With Other Wastewater Treatment Technologies

Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) systems aim to completely eliminate all the liquid effluent from a plant. This reduces wastewater volume that needs further treatment, economically processes waste and produces a clean stream of water suitable for reuse.

While ZLD is becoming more common in some industries, it may not be the right solution for all plants. It is critical to perform a thorough cost analysis and evaluate its overall impact.

Cost

Zero Liquid Discharge Systems (ZLD) are an effective method to recycle water and recover valuable by-products from industrial wastewater. Moreover, they can be cost-effective compared to other treatment technologies as they require less energy and capital investments.

According to Research, the global market for Zero Liquid Discharge Systems is projected to grow at a rate of 12% per year through 2030. This is attributed to technological advances, rising water costs and regulations aimed at reducing surface water pollution.

As a result, many industrial plants and power generation companies are switching to Zero Liquid Discharge technology to reduce their water costs and environmental impact. ZLD systems can save up to 2-5 times the CAPEX of traditional wastewater treatment technologies and are highly efficient in removing high-quality water and salts.

The cost of the ZLD systems depends on various factors, including the water quality and flow rates. Generally, the thermal treatment section accounts for around 60-70% of the total equipment price. In addition, the system automation, shipping and regulatory fees are also important considerations when pricing a ZLD system.

Evaporation is the most common technology used in ZLD solutions because it can treat a broad range of waste streams and does a great job of concentrating waste. It also requires less labor than other techniques, resulting in lower overall costs.

In addition, evaporation can process a large variety of different water compositions, such as hard-to-treat and acidic waters. This means that ZLD can handle a wide range of industrial waste, from mining and flue gas desalination wastewater to sewage and industrial process effluents.

Using an evaporation process can also save considerable energy because it only needs heat to evaporate the water. In fact, a majority of the energy consumed by these processes can be achieved through waste heat.

Another advantage of evaporation is that it can be applied to wastewater from a variety of industrial processes and waste types, such as mine wastewater, flue gas desalination wastewater and oil field brines. In addition, a number of solids can be recovered and reused in industry as valuable by-products, such as lithium.

Efficiency

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems are an increasingly common alternative to traditional wastewater discharge methods in many industries. ZLD processes reduce the volume of industrial waste water discharges and provide a means for solids to be reused or disposed, as well as recycle high quality water that can be beneficially used.

The most common ZLD systems are based on a sequence of thermal processes, typically involving membrane brine concentrators and crystallizers that use evaporation to generate and recycle pure water and solid dry product. While these technologies are the most common, other systems are emerging with promising technology combinations.

Regardless of the type of system used, water quality is a critical consideration for successful operation and long term sustainability. This requires a sound water chemistry design basis that minimizes the capital investment and system operating cost, while ensuring safe and reliable operation.

A thorough knowledge of the chemistry of the wastewater stream is essential for evaluating ZLD options. In addition, the ability to recycle valuable solids from the concentrated stream is an important feature that should not be overlooked.

As discussed in the previous sections, ZLD can dramatically increase the efficiency of waste disposal. This is because it eliminates the need for off-site disposal. It also decreases the volume of waste and lowers the costs of waste management.

Another advantage of ZLD is the reduced energy consumption compared to other treatment processes. This can be especially true of membrane based technologies.

Other technologies, such as electrodialysis (ED), can significantly increase the amount of electricity needed to process wastewater, which can increase CO2 emissions. In addition, ED may not be effective at high concentrations and may require the use of additional equipment.

Alternatively, a zero liquid discharge system can be designed to use less energy to concentrate the waste and achieve higher recoveries. This is a unique benefit of ZLD that can help reduce the carbon footprint of an inland facility.

Zero liquid discharge systems can be designed to meet the specific needs of an individual plant and reduce waste production. This is especially useful in industrial applications where water usage is critical to plant operations, such as the power industry and oil & gas, chemical, petrochemical and mining industries.

Recyclability

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems recycle the waste water within the system to limit the amount of wastewater that is discharged into the environment. The dissolved solids and other pollutants that are present in the wastewater are recovered through various treatment processes, which can include physical and chemical treatment followed by biological treatment.

In many industries, including the power industry, oil & gas, petrochemicals, mining, and chemical manufacturing, industrial wastewater is generated that can impact the surrounding environment. For these reasons, it is imperative that the water be disposed of in a safe and environmentally responsible manner.

The most common type of ZLD process is a thermal-based system that uses a series of brine concentrators and crystallizers to evaporate the waste water. The condensed distillate is then collected for reuse or stored (in evaporation ponds) for further processing or salt recovery.

Although this system is a highly effective and sustainable method of reducing industrial wastewater, the energy consumption per cubic meter of treated effluent treated in the ZLD system can be very high. This can lead to significant operating costs and decreased efficiencies.

Other ZLD systems that pre-concentrate the waste water using membrane technologies or electrodialysis can be much more cost effective than a thermal-based system. This is because the membranes are able to filter out much of the impurities in the waste water, thus reducing the load on the thermal evaporators.

However, the membranes used in these systems must be able to stand up to the high organic load and total dissolved solids concentration that can be found in industrial wastewater. Moreover, they must be able to survive the pressure that can result from the high salt concentration.

Lastly, the membranes must be able to withstand biofouling and scaling problems that can occur in the ZLD system. These challenges can be overcome by choosing a membrane that has been designed specifically for these applications.

In many cases, ZLD is an option to consider when other wastewater treatment technologies do not offer the desired level of recoveries or costs are prohibitive. This is especially true in the power industry, where EPA has recently issued new effluent limits for toxic metals. The tighter standards are likely to motivate more power plants to adopt ZLD.

Environmental Impact

Industrial facilities such as oil & gas, chemical, petrochemical, power, and mining industries generate a large volume of waste water that must be treated. These wastewaters are usually discharged via plant outfalls to surface water bodies, evaporation ponds, or in some cases deep well injected. These discharges can have an adverse impact on surrounding water bodies.

Zero Liquid Discharge Systems aim to remove all liquid discharge from a system and recover clean water that is suitable for reuse in various industrial processes. These systems are growing in popularity worldwide as a result of stringent government regulations regarding the discharge of wastewater.

A key element of ZLD technology is the use of a concentration process that concentrates dissolved salts into crystallized salts and water that can be harvested for reuse or sale. This is achieved through an evaporation process that can utilize membrane or multiple-effect evaporation technologies, as well as crystallizers and spray dryers.

While a concentration process can help eliminate the need for disposal of sludge, it is not always cost effective in small to medium-sized facilities. For these operations, practical reuse and recycling methods may be more cost effective and have less environmental impact.

In addition to reducing the need for disposal of sludge, ZLD technology helps reduce energy consumption by not allowing the plant to operate at its maximum capacity and by utilizing a more efficient reject management system. Developing an effective method to quantify energy consumption in these facilities is essential to developing realistic performance and cost projections.

Another important feature of ZLD technology is the abatement of refractory organics in the brine. These materials are difficult to coagulate and adsorb, so oxidation processes are often used in conjunction with other treatment steps. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) use strong oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide to degrade refractory organics and other chemicals in the waste stream.

The environmental impact of ZLD is dependent on the type of industrial plant or facility it is applied to, as well as the composition and volume of the waste water being processed. This can vary by country, as can the cost of the equipment needed to treat the waste stream.

[tritonmarketresearch]

HVC Market: An Explainer on Widening Applications

Given the infrastructure space, the budgetary allocation, industry CAPEX, and policy reforms have spearheaded investments in various projects in the past few years. The European Commission declared grants for 135 transport projects under the Connecting Europe Facility. Such projects will guarantee an increase in demand for all types of high voltage cables to meet energy demands among the growing population. As per Triton’s analysis, the global high voltage cable market is expected to garner revenue worth $59.80 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 5.52% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

Equipped with various conductors and insulators, HVCs are designed to transmit electricity over long distances without power losses. This benefit has elevated their adoption in various sectors, including infrastructure and renewable energy.

Rising Applications: Bridging the Growth Gap

We know that HVCs are expansively employed for high voltage energy transmission; however, their application is not limited to infrastructure. The vertical sector in the studied market includes renewable energy, infrastructure, and industrial. Let’s dive into each category to understand their role in the market’s expansion.

Renewable Energy: While there are several renewable energy sources, investments in solar and wind energy are by far at their peak. As per the Global Wind Energy Council, wind farms are estimated to generate around 536 GW of global power over the next 5 years. A sizable number of HVCs will be required to connect offshore projects to the main grid line. In this regard, submarine cables will be employed for offshore projects, while overhead cables will find application in onshore projects.

Regional Focus: Several European governments are supporting clean energy projects, with Germany leading over other nations. By 2050, the nation’s energy transition plan aims to generate 80% of electricity via renewable sources. To achieve this target, the nation is set to upgrade its high voltage power transmission networks. Further, in the Asia-Pacific, China leads in renewable energy installations, attaining a capacity of approximately 1020 GW in 2021. These factors are thus expected to offer lucrative opportunities for market development.

Industrial: Triton’s analysis of the given market by industrial vertical includes categories like mining, oil & gas, power & utilities, chemical & petroleum, and others. Estimates indicate the power & utility subsegment holds the largest share at a CAGR of 4.23% in the category. Underground and overhead cables have gained prominence in power utility, manufacturing, and mining, while the submarine is used in the oil & gas industry. The robust demand for HVCs is supported by the rising focus on installing power generation plants to support growing operations.

Regional Focus: Industrialization and government initiatives across the UK, Germany, France, and Spain have elevated the adoption of high voltage cables. Large-scale HVCs are employed for excavation projects for powering on-site machines. As per our analysis, the natural gas sector is anticipated to expand greatly. In South East Europe, the Gas Corridor pipeline infrastructure has delivered the first 10 billion cubic meters of gas as of March 2022. The Baltic Pipe Project is another project that connects gas reservoirs in Israel and Cyprus to Greece. These mega projects have widened the scope of the Europe HVC market.

Infrastructure: The HVC market is supported by various commercial and residential construction projects. The commercial category captures a majority of shares in the infrastructure segment. Several nations in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Latin America have undertaken upgradation projects from rail signaling to network infrastructure. Overhead and underground cables are widely deployed in big commercial spaces with the capacity to have their substations. Additionally, the rising demand to upgrade broadband services and the advent of the 5G network has influenced network providers to upgrade infrastructure, ultimately driving the high voltage cable market.

Regional Focus: Canada declared its plan to phase out coal-fired electricity by 2030, with the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia, setting ambitious energy targets. The government aims to invest around $350 billion in electricity infrastructure by 2030, soaring demand for various power equipment, including high voltage cables. Such developments are projected to open avenues for HVC manufacturers in North America.

Growth Outlook: Competitive Analysis

Given the rising applications of high voltage cables, there is intense competition among contenders. In recent years, urbanization, high power consumption, and investment in emerging nations have influenced players to acquire more contracts or engage in product launches to gain a higher market share.

NKT Cable, in January 2022, acquired Ventcroft Ltd to add its fire-resistant cable technology to the product line and expand in the European power cable market.

In September 2022, NKT Cable introduced low-carbon copper for the 320 kV HVDC cables to lower carbon footprint, delivered to Dogger Bank C in the North Sea.

Tratos partnered with Enertechnos in 2019 to develop an innovative cable to tackle the UK's energy loss.

In retrospect, population growth and industrialization have elevated the demand and production of HVCs across sectors. However, the rising efforts to limit global temperature below 2 °C under the Paris Agreement are expected to fuel the deployment of HVCs for clean energy development projects, ultimately driving the high voltage cable market on an additional growth trajectory.

[newnewz]

Usha Martin Limited Remained Successful In The FY 2021-22 By Maintaining Margins And Profitability Through Enriching The Product Mix: Rajeev Jhawar

The commencement of the fiscal year 2021–2022 marked the onset of the second wave of the pandemic in India. Though the effects of the second wave was devastating from a social perspective, the severity of the impact on the economy was more subdued as compared to the previous fiscal. The economy continued on its path of recovery underlined by a marked increase in public sector capex spending, especially infrastructure, robust exports, services sector rebound and improved consumption levels.

The Ukraine and Russian conflict also led to escalating input prices of high carbon wire rods and the prices had hit an unprecedented high by early March 2022. Since international crude oil price is expected to remain firm, an uptick on the demand side is expected in the oil and gas market segment globally which will boost demand for products of the Usha Martin such as large diameter ropes and drilling lines, says MD Rajeev Jhawar.

According to Mr. Rajeev, quickly anticipating these challenges posed by the pandemic was the most important step that helped the company remain resilient in the previous financial year. “We, as an organisation, were quick to anticipate these challenges and undertook several mitigation measures to ensure our businesses remained resilient. We were successful in maintaining our margins and profitability by enriching our product mix to highvalue products, and also by increasing our penetration in newer geographies like Australia and South Africa”, he said.

Increasing market penetration in newer geographies bore dividends, as the revenue of Rajeev Jhawar’s Usha Martin from exports on consolidated basis grew from Rs.1034.26 Crore in the FY 2020–21, to Rs.1366.24 Crore during FY 2021–22 an increase of 32.10% and is continuously improving this year also. Usha Martin is currently preparing for more expansion under leadership of Rajeev Jhawar. This includes enhancing their product mix, focusing on building share in international markets and investing in capacity increase.

“We are in the process of expanding our capacities for rope production, focusing on high-end ropes, specialised wires and also LRPC. We have capital expenditure planned to the tune of approximately Rs.285 Crore and expect to complete our expansion programme over the next 12–15 months”, Rajeev Jhawar Usha Martin MD said.

[newslime]

Major Expansion Plans For Usha Martin In FY 2022-23: Plans Under Preparations – Rajeev Jhawar

The commencement of the fiscal year 2021-2022 marked the onset of the second wave of the pandemic in India. Though the effects of the second wave was devastating from a social perspective, the severity of the impact on the economy was more subdued as compared to the previous fiscal. The economy continued on its path of recovery underlined by a marked increase in public sector capex spending, especially infrastructure, robust exports, services sector rebound and improved consumption levels.

The Ukraine and Russian conflict also led to escalating input prices of high carbon wire rods and the prices had hit an unprecedented high by early March 2022. Since international crude oil price is expected to remain firm, an uptick on the demand side is expected in the oil and gas market segment globally which will boost demand for products of the Usha Martin such as large diameter ropes and drilling lines, says Rajeev Jhawar Usha Martin MD.

According to Mr. Rajeev Jhawar, quickly anticipating these challenges posed by the pandemic was the most important step that helped the company remain resilient in the previous financial year. “We, as an organization, were quick to anticipate these challenges and undertook several mitigation measures to ensure our businesses remained resilient. We were successful in maintaining our margins and profitability by enriching our product mix to high value products, and also by increasing our penetration in newer geographies like Australia and South Africa”, he said.

Increasing market penetration in newer geographies bore dividends, as the revenue of Usha Martin from exports on consolidated basis grew from Rs.1034.26 Crore in the FY 2020-21, to Rs.1366.24 Crore during FY 2021-22 an increase of 32.10% and is continuously improving this year also. Usha Martin is currently preparing for more expansion under leadership of Rajeev Jhawar. This includes enhancing their product mix, focusing on building share in international markets and investing in capacity increase.

“We are in the process of expanding our capacities for rope production, focusing on high-end ropes, specialised wires and also LRPC. We have capital expenditure planned to the tune of approximately Rs.285 Crore and expect to complete our expansion programme over the next 12-15 months”, Rajeev Jhawar Usha Martin MD said.

[energypowernews]

Artificial Lift System Market - Industry Revenue & Forecast To 2030

The global artificial lift system market size was valued at $26.3 billion in 2020 and is projected to reach $55.3 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 7.7% from 2021 to 2030.

The key players operating and profiled in the artificial lift system industry report include Baker Hughes Company, Borets International Limited., ChampionX, Dover Corporation, Halliburton, JJ Tech, NOV Inc., Novomet, Schlumberger Limited, and Weatherford International PLC.

The other players in the value chain (not included in the report) include Baker Hughes., Apergy ,and DistributionNOW.

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The growth of the artificial lift market is due to the increase in the need for oil & gas, accelerating economic growth, growing shale oil production, rising global population, enhancing financial investment in offshore drilling exploration activities, as well as a rising variety of mature reserves.

Significant enhancement in breakeven prices owing to dominating oil price recuperation along with upcoming deep-water prices and growing focus on developing the untapped offshore sites with the fast depletion of the onshore hydrocarbons propel the demand for artificial lift system market.

The significant trends that can be witnessed in this sector are technical innovations as well as the boom in footage of wells drilled.

The development of the marketplace is prevented by volatility in petroleum prices, ecological problems, and also financial uncertainties.

By region, North America accounted for the largest market share in 2020.

By lift type, Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) segment holds the largest market share in 2020.

By application, the offshore segment accounted for the largest market share in 2020.

By mechanism, the gas segment accounted for the largest market share in 2020.

By well type, the horizontal segment accounted for the largest market share in 2020.

The artificial lift method is used to boost reservoir pressure and push crude oil to the surface. Artificial lift is used when the naturally derived energy of the reservoir is sufficient to push the oil to the surface area.

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Artificial lift is used to recoup more crude oil from the reservoir. The main focus of every oil & gas operator is to reduce both capital expenditure (CAPEX) & operating expenditure (OPEX) and maximize oil production while decreasing cost.

Artificial lift is used to boost the circulation of liquids to the surface of a production oil well, and also this is attained by a mechanical device inside the well, such as a pump thus reducing the weight of the liquid/gas mixture using high-pressure gas and improving the lift effectiveness of the well through rate strings.

Impact Of Covid -19

The novel coronavirus had a negative impact on the artificial lift system market growth due to reduced activity in reservoirs.

Browse Full Report Details: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/artificial-lift-system-market

The energy Information Administration (EIA) announced its forecast relating to crude oil production fall in the year 2020 and 2021 due to the falling demand for petroleum products.

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[nightpool]

Just finished watching a really great Wendover Productions video where he makes the case that the pandemic has caused a fundamental shift in the priorities of the oil and gas industry, with high prices ultimately representing the shutdown of the oil and gas industry as investors no longer believe in a long term future for carbon extraction, and shift to focus on long-term investment in renewables.

It's a long video, so here's the money quote:

U.S. shale oil producer's reinvestment rates—that is, the share of cash flow going back into the business rather than out to investors—is at an all-time low. Whereas last time oil prices sat at a comparable level the reinvestment rate was quite literally off the chart, today, less than half of their money is being put back into the business. This [capex] investment is typically what would go into developing new rigs—but today it's just getting paid out as profit.

Companies have the ability to produce more—the US Bureau of Land Management has exactly 9,000 approved-but-unused drilling permits on record—but companies just don't have the appetite to drill. Industry-wide, it's the same situation. Exxon-Mobil, Shell, Chevron and BP's capital expenditures are each at or near all-time lows. Simply put, oil companies aren't investing in the future anymore. They're investing in now.

This is not a misinformed strategy. Out of the S&P 500 index's 11 distinct sectors, the energy sector (made up almost exclusively of oil and gas companies) has been by far the lowest performer since 2007. The sector only gained 41.7% in value across that era, which means it was actually flat with inflation. The oil and gas industry simply is not a good investment anymore, and so it's no surprise that it's not getting investment from outside or in.

While it's up to debate whether we've reached "peak oil", it'd be much easier to argue that we've reached peak oil investment. Because of the temporary, finite nature of any oil supply, a relatively high level of investment is needed just to keep production capacity stable. When the world looked like this [rising demand from 1997-2020]—when climbing oil demand was all we knew—the logic behind investing 5.5 billion dollars in a single pipeline was sound.

But now with the world looking like *this*—with the future of demand looking less confident than ever—even investing a couple tens of millions in a single fracking rig is risky.

Oil going negative appeared to spur a fundamental mindset change among oil executives and investors. After having spent the past decades watching both the power of scarcity and the ruin of abundance supplies become the enemy, oil's under more pressure than ever to deliver profits now—because confidence in the future has been lost. Exxon-Mobil, Shell, Chevron and BP each successfully posted record profits in 2021, and this can continue.

The end of oil is near. The momentum is already too strong. Renewables are taking over. But the orchestra can keep playing as the ship goes down—in an era where there is no future industry growth to capture, scarcity is the name of the game. If oil companies keep supply tight, they'll keep prices high and capture consistent profits even as they *add* to the incentives of renewables.

This appears to be the dominant strategy. The alternative would be to keep prices low to slow down the switch, but considering the driving force behind the transition is the prevention of the destruction of the planet, rather than the search for a more cost effective source of energy, the profit-focused approach appears the most intuitive.

Astonishingly, this means that the oil industry is ceding the market. They've lost. They're shepherding in renewables, but they're not going down without a fight. Moving to a carbon-less world will take time and the oil industry can shrink faster than renewables can grow. Therefore—short of a fundamental strategy shift by one of the world's largest industries—the era of high fuel prices is here to stay. For those unable or unwilling to transition early, the weight will cost them. For those who held onto ownership in the sector, they're starting to experience one last great rally. Because the oil industry's party at the end of the world just started.

I dunno! it's a neat video! It does make me want to increase oil regulation by just staggering amounts though. They've already lost the fight, so who cares? Nationalize the oil supply to ensure an orderly transition.