#Naoki yamanashi

[ecargmura]

Opus Colors Episode 8 Review: A Childhood Flashback

Wow, this entire episode was a flashback/childhood arc where Kazuya’s childhood was explored. I did not expect this at all, but I actually liked it a lot. It gives depth to Kazuya’s parents, the creation of Perception Art, the stress that comes with it, and how it all affected Kazuya and Kyo’s childhood.

I actually like the fact that we get to learn more about Kazuya’s parents, Naoki and Akari. They were the ones who created Perception Art with the help of Togo Takise, Kyo’s father, and had their fair shares of worries and stress. They were worried about whether or not their creation would be accepted and they were also stressed about the amount of protestors rejecting Perception Art, saying about how it’s not true art and such. The episode also showed the presence they had in Kazuya’s life. While they were busy, Kazuya still loved them. Even though they didn’t have much time for him and always made him in the company of Kyo and Jun, he still loved them dearly. Losing them made Kazuya realize how lonely he was. Even if he was able to move on thanks to Jun’s family taking him in, there’s still an emptiness within him that cannot be filled up anymore.

I think this entire episode is building up to the incoming reveal of Kyo being the Scribbler. Kyo’s side of the story hasn’t been completely revealed yet. We’ve only seen how Naoki and Akari’s deaths affected Kazuya’s life but not a full introspective of how it affected Kyo’s. Maybe next episode will show Kyo’s perspective? Speaking of Kyo, it’s said that his mother passed away. His mother Yua was another factor of how Perception was able to be created. I kind of wanted to see that. Maybe in the future?

Like in the previous episode, the harsh art world gives this anime a bit of a serious mood as it does reflect real life in a way. When something new comes, people reject it. I got reminded of how AI art isn’t considered art. Perception art was considered unethical hence so many protestors. However, Perception art is NOT AI art as people in this anime did manage to get it accepted, but with how so many art critics have a bit of a bias towards it given what happened with Iori, it’s a given that the episode goes off a more realistic approach with changes?

The surprise MVP of this episode is Jun. Jun doesn’t have much of a role other than being the mutual childhood friend of Kazuya and Kyo, but without Jun, Kazuya would’ve been truly alone. Without Jun, the other two would’ve drifted more apart. Jun is like the link that connects them both in a way. Jun cares for Kazuya’s well-being and he’s always trying to remind him about Kyo. Jun is the best boy in this anime, honestly.

I just hope that this flashback episode does answer the question of Kyo being the Scribbler. If he isn’t, there was no point of this episode. This now pegs a question: Why did Kyo become the Scribbler? Why did he do it? I want to know!

[sakuwsker]

source: https://twitter.com/opus_colors/

Just 15 days for OPUS. COLORs special event!!!

[adzuki-ren]

「New frame」 ／ 『Opus.COLORs』 ED (x) {1 2 3 4}

[your-dietician]

LRP5 and MTHFR gene variants with osteoarthritis prevalence

New Post has been published on https://depression-md.com/lrp5-and-mthfr-gene-variants-with-osteoarthritis-prevalence/

LRP5 and MTHFR gene variants with osteoarthritis prevalence

Masaki Nakano,1,* Haruka Yui,1,* Shingo Kikugawa,2 Ryosuke Tokida,3 Noriko Sakai,4 Naoki Kondo,5 Naoto Endo,5 Hirotaka Haro,6 Hiroki Shimodaira,1 Takako Suzuki,1,7 Hiroyuki Kato,1 Jun Takahashi,1 Yukio Nakamura1

1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan; 2DNA Chip Research Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0022, Japan; 3Rehabilitation Center, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan; 4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Life Hospital, Obuse, Nagano, 381-0295, Japan; 5Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan; 6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan; 7Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8341, Japan

Correspondence: Yukio Nakamura Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan Tel +81-263-37-2659 Fax +81-263-35-8844 Email [email protected]

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and degenerative joint disorder in the elderly. A greater importance of understanding the relationship between genetic factors and OA prevalence has emerged with population aging. We therefore investigated the associations of several bone disease-related genetic variants with the prevalence of OA and osteoporosis in Japanese elderly women from the Obuse study cohort, which was randomly sampled from a basic town resident registry. Methods and Results: In total, 206 female participants (mean ± standard deviation age: 69.7 ± 11.0 years) who completed OA, bone mineral density, and genotype assessments were included. The number of patients diagnosed as having knee/hip OA and osteoporosis was 59 (28.6%) and 30 (14.6%), respectively. Fisher’s exact testing revealed significant relationships between the minor T allele of LDL receptor related protein 5 (LRP5) rs3736228 and the prevalence of knee/hip OA and osteoporosis. The respective odds ratios (ORs) of the TT genotype for knee/hip OA and osteoporosis were 7.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22– 28.08) and 5.24 (95% CI 0.95– 26.98). An additional subgroup analysis for knee OA revealed that the frequency of the common C allele of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 had a statistically significant protective association with the prevalence of knee OA (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35– 0.97). Conclusion: In sum, the present study demonstrated significant associations of LRP5 rs3736228 and MTHFR rs1801133 with knee/hip OA and osteoporosis prevalences and knee OA prevalence, respectively, in Japanese elderly women. These results will help further the understanding of OA pathogenesis and related genetic risk factors.

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disorder occurring with age whose pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. At present, almost all non-surgical treatment options for OA are limited to analgesis and improving joint movement, with no fundamental cures.1 Osteoporosis is a widespread metabolic skeletal disease characterized by diminished bone mineral density (BMD) or bone strength, both of which increase the risk of fractures. Although several effective medications exist,2 both osteoporosis and OA are becoming major worldwide health concerns with population aging and rising health-care costs. Therefore, understanding the genetic risk factors for these disorders has emerged as an important issue for disease prevention and therapeutic management.

Many studies on the association of genetic factors with OA and osteoporosis have been reported to date. In the present day, the relationships among genetic variants and related disorders are generally investigated by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Regarding the prevalence of OA and osteoporosis, 256 and 22 records, respectively, were found in the GWAS catalog (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/).3 Several gene polymorphisms appear to affect OA as well as osteoporosis. Indeed, associations of gene variants in LDL receptor related protein 5 (LRP5),4,5growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5),6,7 and SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3)8,9 with OA prevalence have been reported. In addition, we very recently uncovered a novel association between a homocysteine metabolism-related methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism (rs1801133), which was reportedly related to osteoporosis, and the progression of spinal OA.10

We have recently established a new population-based epidemiological study of Japanese people that employs random sampling from the basic resident registry of Obuse, a rural town in Japan.11,12 The Obuse study contains detailed medical information on the community-dwelling elderly population with minimized selection bias, which allows for examination of a cohort representative of the general population. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of several reported bone disease-related genetic variants, including MTHFR rs1801133, with the prevalence of OA and osteoporosis in elderly women sampled from the Obuse study cohort. Significant associations were seen for LRP5 rs3736228 with the prevalence of knee/hip OA and osteoporosis, and for MTHFR rs1801133 with knee OA prevalence in Japanese elderly women.

Methods

The study protocol of this investigation for human research was approved by the investigational ethics review board of Shinshu University Hospital, Japan (approval number: 2792). The research procedure was carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent for research and publication was provided by all participants prior to the initiation of the study.

Study Subjects

The Obuse study was launched in October 2014 for epidemiological data collection until June 2017. The study randomly sampled 1297 male and female individuals from 5352 members of the resident population between 50–89 years of age in the basic resident registry of Obuse town (Nagano Prefecture, Japan) as a joint collaboration with the cooperating town office. In total, 203 male and 212 female participants provided written informed consent and were enrolled in the Obuse study. The current investigation included 206 female subjects who completed assessments of knee and hip OA, BMD measurements of the total hips and lumbar spine, and genotype determination of the gene variants of interest. Due to budget constraints, we analyzed only female subjects who were susceptible to systemic skeletal disorders including OA and osteoporosis compared to males.

Assessment of OA and Osteoporosis

OA of the knee and hip was assessed by radiographic examination. The degree of degeneration was evaluated in accordance with the Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grading system.13 Radiographs were examined by 2 experienced orthopaedic surgeons (H.S. and Y.N.). The subjects with the worst KL grading of ≥ 3 in either side of the knees or hips, or who had undergone arthroplasty for OA were judged as OA patients. The subjects with persistent joint pain and tenderness were also radiologically assessed as having OA. BMD at the lumbar spine and hips was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; PRODIGY, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL). The regions of interest for lumbar and hip BMD were the L2–4 spinal and bilateral total hip regions, respectively. Subjects with BMD values of ≤ 70% of the young adult mean (YAM) for either the lumbar region or total hips were diagnosed as having osteoporosis.14

Determination of Genetic Variants

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from plasma samples of study subjects using a QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (Qiagen, Venlo, Netherlands) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Genotyping assays were performed by a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) QX200 system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Reaction mixture aliquots of 20 µL containing 10 µL 2 × ddPCR Supermix, 5 µL cfDNA sample, and 0.5 µL 40 × TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay for each variant (Applied Biosystems, Waltham, MA) were prepared. The droplets were generated with a QX200 droplet generator and carefully transferred to 96-well PCR plates. After PCR cycling (40 cycles of 94°C for 30 s and 60°C for 1 min), the fluorescence of each droplet was determined using a QX200 droplet reader followed by analysis with QuantaSoft version 1.7.4 software (Bio-Rad). The present study examined the following genetic variants: LRP5 rs312009 and rs3736228, GDF5 rs143383, SMAD3 rs12901499, and MTHFR rs1801133.

Statistical Analysis

The background characteristic data of each study group (healthy control, OA, osteoporosis, and comorbid with OA and osteoporosis) are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) together with the median value. Fisher’s exact test was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of variant genotypes and alleles for the prevalence of OA and osteoporosis versus healthy controls. To examine the population homogeneity of the study participants, Haldane’s exact test for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was calculated. All statistical tests were carried out by using R version 3.4 software.15 A two-tailed P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in this study.

Results

Background Characteristics of Study Subjects

The average ± SD age of the 206 female subjects at enrollment was 69.7 ± 11.0 years. The number of patients diagnosed as having OA and osteoporosis was 51 (24.8%; knee: 40, hip: 3, knee and hip: 8) and 22 (10.7%), respectively. Eight patients (3.9%) suffered from both osteoporosis and OA (knee: 6, hip: 1, knee and hip: 1) and were classified into the comorbid group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects having neither OA nor osteoporosis were defined as healthy controls in this study. The background characteristics of the study groups are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 Background Characteristics of the Study Groups

Associations of Genotype and Allele Frequencies with OA and Osteoporosis

In the present cohort, we observed no remarkable associations for LRP5 rs312009, GDF5 rs143383, or SMAD3 rs12901499 with both OA and osteoporosis prevalence (Tables 2 and 3 and Figures 1 and 2). In contrast, the minor T allele of LRP5 rs3736228 and its homozygotic genotype showed significant relationships with the prevalence rate of knee/hip OA. The ORs of the TT genotype and T allele for OA compared with healthy controls were 7.28 (95% CI 2.22–28.08; P < 0.001) and 1.80 (95% CI 1.07–3.00; P < 0.05), respectively (Table 2 and Figure 1). Although not significantly, the common C allele of MTHFR rs1801133 tended to protect against knee/hip OA prevalence. The respective ORs of the CC genotype and C allele for OA were 0.55 (95% CI 0.23–1.22; P = 0.15) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.43–1.14; P = 0.13) versus the healthy control group (Table 2 and Figure 1). The prevalence rate of osteoporosis was significantly correlated with the TT genotype of LRP5 rs3736228 (OR 5.24, 95% CI 0.95–26.98; P < 0.05) (Table 3 and Figure 2). The distributions of genotype frequencies were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE P-value > 0.05).

Table 2 Genotype and Allele Frequencies in Patients with Osteoarthritis

Table 3 Genotype and Allele Frequencies in Patients with Osteoporosis

Figure 1 Odds ratios for osteoarthritis by each variant genotype. Fisher’s exact test was employed to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of variant genotypes for the prevalence of osteoarthritis versus the healthy control group.

Abbreviations: LRP5, LDL receptor related protein 5; GDF5, growth differentiation factor 5; SMAD3, SMAD family member 3; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.

Figure 2 Odds ratios for osteoporosis by each variant genotype. Fisher’s exact test was employed to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of variant genotypes for the prevalence of osteoporosis versus the healthy control group.

Abbreviations: LRP5, LDL receptor related protein 5; GDF5, growth differentiation factor 5; SMAD3, SMAD family member 3; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.

Subgroup Analysis for Knee OA Prevalence

In a subgroup analysis, we focused on the prevalence of knee OA, which was the most common disorder witnessed in this study. In knee OA only or knee OA + comorbid osteoporosis patients, both the TT genotype (P < 0.001) and T allele (P < 0.05) of LRP5 rs3736228 associated significantly with knee OA prevalence as compared with healthy controls (Table 4). Moreover, the C allele of MTHFR rs1801133 demonstrated a statistically significant protective association with the prevalence rate of knee OA (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.97; P < 0.05) in the knee OA + comorbid osteoporosis subgroup (Table 4).

Table 4 Subgroup Analysis of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Discussion

This study demonstrated a significant relationship between LRP5 rs3736228 and the skeletal disorders of OA and osteoporosis in elderly community-dwelling female residents randomly sampled from a Japanese town resident registry. A statistically significant protective association of the common allele of MTHFR rs1801133 with knee OA prevalence was also observed. As the population sampling of our cohort minimized selection bias, our results might be considered reflective of the Japanese general population.

LRP5 and 6 (LRP5/6) are required as co-receptors for canonical Wnt signaling16,17 and play important roles in skeletal development and metabolism. A number of LRP5 gene variants have been reported. Of those, associations of the missense variants LRP5 rs3736228 (Ala1330Val) and rs4988321 (Val667Met) with decreased BMD and the risk of osteoporotic fracture are well described.18,19 In particular, a relationship between LRP5 A1330V and diminished BMD has been identified in the Japanese population as well.20,21 A loss of function in LRP5 increased cartilage degradation in a mouse model22 and was also suggested to be associated with OA. However, little is known on the precise connection between OA and LRP5 gene variants. Although associations of LRP5 rs41494349 (Gln89Arg) with spinal OA4 and LRP5 rs3736228 with knee OA5 have been reported, no information has been recorded in the GWAS catalog to date (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/).3 Therefore, the findings of this study demonstrating a relationship between the T allele of LRP5 rs3736228 and knee/hip OA prevalence in a randomly sampled population cohort will be of value for further understanding the relationship between OA development and the pathophysiological role of LRP5 dysfunction.

In the subgroup analysis for knee OA, there was a protective association for the common C allele of MTHFR rs1801133 (Ala222Val) rather than a risk association of the minor T allele with the prevalence rate of knee OA. MTHFR is known to act within the methionine cycle and plays an essential role in homocysteine clearance. A functional deficiency of the MTHFR enzyme leads to mild elevation of circulating homocysteine levels.23 The A222V missense variant is a common mutation in the MTHFR gene that causes dysfunctional enzymatic activity. Notably, the T allele of MTHFR rs1801133 has been implicated in decreased BMD and the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures,24,25 and we very recently uncovered a relationship among homocysteine, MTHFR rs1801133, and spinal OA in Japanese postmenopausal women.10 The results of the present study imply a correlation between diminished homocysteine levels and a lowered risk of knee OA prevalence. Since circulating homocysteine levels can be decreased by vitamin B group supplementation,26 the significance of B-vitamins intervention in individuals bearing the T allele of MTHFR rs1801133 for preventing OA development may warrant further investigation.

An intron variant of LRP5 gene rs312009 as well as GDF5 rs143383 and SMAD3 rs12901499 showed no remarkable correlations with OA or osteoporosis prevalence in this study. The rs143383 is located in the 5′-untranslated region core promotor of GDF5, which encodes a chondrogenic protein. A relationship of rs143383 with OA has been demonstrated in various racial groups, including a Japanese cohort.6,7 On the other hand, SMAD3 is a member of the SMAD family of proteins and plays an essential role in mediating the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway. A genetic variant, rs12901499, within the intron 1 of SMAD3 is reportedly associated with OA in Caucasian and Asian populations.8,9 However, other studies have shown no relationship for either GDF5 rs143383 or SMAD3 rs12901499 with OA prevalence.27,28 Relatively small number of samples limited to female subjects is a limitation of the current study. Besides, although the subjects were randomly sampled from a resident registry, there was a potential for selection bias due to the low participation rate (32.0%) as a result of the noncompulsory survey design. Furthermore, since it sampled from a single town in Japan, this study might contain local features that should be considered when interpreting the data. Future studies with larger sample size and male subjects that include multiple regions in Japan and/or other Asian countries will overcome the controversial issues. Further investigations including experimental study on the mechanisms and/or pathways will be required as well.

Conclusion

We observed significant associations of LRP5 rs3736228 and MTHFR rs1801133 with knee/hip OA and osteoporosis prevalences and knee OA prevalence, respectively, in Japanese elderly women from the randomly sampled Obuse study cohort. The results of the present study will help further the understanding of OA pathogenesis and related genetic risk factors, which will contribute to improved disease prevention and therapeutic management.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the JOA-Subsidized Science Project Research 2018–2020 to Y.N. We would like to thank Dr. Takashi Igarashi of the Center for Clinical Research at Shinshu University Hospital, Dr. Hironobu Sato of the Obuse Town Institute for Community Health Promotion, and the Obuse Town Office for sample selection in this study. Our gratitude extends to Mr. Trevor Ralph for English language editing as well as all participants in the present study.

Disclosure

All of the authors have declared that there were no conflicts of interest in this study.

References

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5. Yerges-Armstrong LM, Yau MS, Liu Y, et al. Association analysis of BMD-associated SNPs with knee osteoarthritis. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(6):1373–1379. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2160

6. Miyamoto Y, Mabuchi A, Shi D, et al. A functional polymorphism in the 5’ UTR of GDF5 is associated with susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Nat Genet. 2007;39(4):529–533. doi:10.1038/2005

7. Chapman K, Takahashi A, Meulenbelt I, et al. A meta-analysis of European and Asian cohorts reveals a global role of a functional SNP in the 5’ UTR of GDF5 with osteoarthritis susceptibility. Hum Mol Genet. 2008;17(10):1497–1504. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn038

8. Valdes AM, Spector TD, Tamm A, et al. Genetic variation in the SMAD3 gene is associated with hip and knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(8):2347–2352. doi:10.1002/art.27530

9. Yang HY, Hu WH, Jiang T, Zhao H. SMAD3 gene rs12901499 polymorphism increased the risk of osteoarthritis. Biosci Rep. 2018;38(3):BSR20180380. doi:10.1042/BSR20180380

10. Nakano M, Nakamura Y, Urano T, et al. Associations of homocysteine metabolism with the risk of spinal osteoarthritis progression in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;dgab591. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab591

11. Uehara M, Takahashi J, Ikegami S, et al. Sagittal spinal alignment deviation in the general elderly population: a Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry. Spine J. 2019;19(2):349–356. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2018.06.346

12. Tokida R, Ikegami S, Takahashi J, et al. Association between musculoskeletal function deterioration and locomotive syndrome in the general elderly population: a Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):431. doi:10.1186/s12891-020-03469-x

13. Ball J, Jeffrey MR, Kellgren JH, Editors. The Epidemiology of Chronic Rheumatism: Atlas of Standard Radiographs of Arthritis. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1963.

14. Soen S, Fukunaga M, Sugimoto T, et al. Japanese society for bone and mineral research and japan osteoporosis society joint review committee for the revision of the diagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis. Diagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis: year 2012 revision. J Bone Miner Metab. 2013;31(3):247–257. doi:10.1007/s00774-013-0447-8

15. R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2017. Available from: https://www.r-project.org/. Accessed September21, 2021.

16. Tamai K, Semenov M, Kato Y, et al. LDL-receptor-related proteins in Wnt signal transduction. Nature. 2000;407(6803):530–535. doi:10.1038/35035117

17. Pinson KI, Brennan J, Monkley S, Avery BJ, Skarnes WC. An LDL-receptor-related protein mediates Wnt signalling in mice. Nature. 2000;407(6803):535–538. doi:10.1038/35035124

18. van Meurs JB, Trikalinos TA, Ralston SH, et al; GENOMOS Study. Large-scale analysis of association between LRP5 and LRP6 variants and osteoporosis. JAMA. 2008;299(11):1277–1290. doi:10.1001/jama.299.11.1277

19. Richards JB, Rivadeneira F, Inouye M, et al. Bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures: a genome-wide association study. Lancet. 2008;371(9623):1505–1512. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60599-1

20. Ezura Y, Nakajima T, Urano T, et al. Association of a single-nucleotide variation (A1330V) in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene (LRP5) with bone mineral density in adult Japanese women. Bone. 2007;40(4):997–1005. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.06.025

21. Urano T, Shiraki M, Usui T, Sasaki N, Ouchi Y, Inoue S. A1330V variant of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene decreases Wnt signaling and affects the total body bone mineral density in Japanese women. Endocr J. 2009;56(4):625–631. doi:10.1507/endocrj.K09E-133

22. Lodewyckx L, Luyten FP, Lories RJ. Genetic deletion of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 increases cartilage degradation in instability-induced osteoarthritis. Rheumatology. 2012;51(11):1973–1978. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes178

23. Moll S, Varga EA. Homocysteine and MTHFR mutations. Circulation. 2015;132(1):e6–e9. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013311

24. Bathum L, von Bornemann Hjelmborg J, Christiansen L, Madsen JS, Skytthe A, Christensen K. Evidence for an association of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism C677T and an increased risk of fractures: results from a population-based Danish twin study. Osteoporos Int. 2004;15(8):659–664. doi:10.1007/s00198-003-1584-z

25. Shiraki M, Urano T, Kuroda T, et al. The synergistic effect of bone mineral density and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism (C677T) on fractures. J Bone Miner Metab. 2008;26(6):595–602. doi:10.1007/s00774-008-0878-9

26. Homocysteine lowering trialists’ Collaboration. Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 1998;316(7135):894–898. doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7135.894

27. Tsezou A, Satra M, Oikonomou P, Bargiotas K, Malizos KN. The growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) core promoter polymorphism is not associated with knee osteoarthritis in the Greek population. J Orthop Res. 2008;26(1):136–140. doi:10.1002/jor.20464

28. Hong JQ, Wang YX, Li SH, et al. Association between SMAD3 gene polymorphisms and osteoarthritis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2018;13(1):232. doi:10.1186/s13018-018-0939-2

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[Điểm tin sách mới] CÔ THÀNH TRONG GƯƠNG Tác giả #TsujimuraMizuki Dịch giả Thanh Trà Kích thước 14 x 20.5cm Ngày phát hành 09-2020 Nhà xuất bản Hà Nội @nhanambooks Số trang 564 Giá bìa 218,000 ₫ Năm 2018, tác phẩm Cô thành trong gương đạt giải #Honyataishou (giải thưởng do các nhà sách toàn Nhật Bản bầu chọn) lần thứ 15 và trở thành sách bán chạy tại Nhật. TÓM TẮT: Vì một tổn thương tâm lý, Kokoro từ chối đến trường, nhốt mình trong phòng. Những ngày tháng nhàm chán và buồn bã lặng lẽ trôi qua, cho đến một hôm, cô bé phát hiện tấm gương trong phòng mình phát sáng. Bước qua tấm gương, Kokoro nhận ra mình đang ở trong một tòa lâu đài lộng lẫy, cùng sáu người bạn chung hoàn cảnh. Họ được tập hợp tại đó bởi ai và với mục đích gì? Bảy đứa trẻ cô độc buộc phải dấn bước vào một cuộc phiêu lưu kỳ lạ, trước khi đáp án cuối cùng mở ra, gây sững sờ và xúc động tột cùng. Một câu chuyện tiếp thêm dũng khí cho tất cả những người lạc ra khỏi vòng quay cuộc sống, sẽ cuốn hút bạn cho tới những trang sách cuối. VỀ TÁC GIẢ: Tsujimura Mizuki sinh tại tỉnh Yamanashi, Nhật Bản và là một nhà văn nổi tiếng, chủ nhân của rất nhiều giải thưởng văn học. Năm 2004, Tsujimura Mizuki đạt giải Mephisto với tác phẩm ra mắt Khu học xá bị lãng quên (tạm dịch). Năm 2011, cô tiếp tục đạt giải tác giả mới, giải thưởng Yoshikawaeijibungaku với tác phẩm Kết nối (tạm dịch). Chưa dừng ở đó, năm 2012, Tsujimura Mizuki thắng giải Naoki lần thứ 147 cùng tác phẩm Giấc mơ không lối thoát (tạm dịch).

[ecargmura]

Opus Colors Episode 1 Review: Perception Art Seems Cool

Here’s the review to one of the three animes I am watching this season. My first impressions? I feel like I have to see more to truly understand the story, but it’s not bad so far.

From what I’m seeing, the anime is about Perception art, which is basically AR/VR type art. There is a school dedicated to it, which is where our three main protagonists attend.

I think Perception art is a cool concept in general. The way you can make stuff via AR/VR makes me wonder if it’ll be a thing in the future. However, my gripe is that the animation for the Perception art stuff can be a bit…weird? Like there are floating eggs at times but there are other instances of flowers and a wolf. Though, the little story with the masked boy was super cool and the best usage of perception art so far. If the anime keeps giving that sort of animation, I think this would be okay.

The first protagonist Kazuya Yamanashi is a Perception artist due to his parents’ influence. He stays in touch with his childhood friend Jun, but is distanced from the other one, Takise, who is two years older than him.

The school they attend is divided into two sections, Artists and Graders. Both sides are heavily hostile towards each other and it makes no sense to me. If you’re going to work together in the art industry, wouldn’t it be best to work together? I think that the school is going to be united by the end. Kazuya and Jun are Artists while Takise is a Grader, by the way.

There are a lot of characters that I can’t really keep track of. Hopefully, pairing them together will help me understand who they all are because a large cast from the get go is going to get messy if not done properly. The most jarring thing about the character designs is that all the characters HAVE THE EXACT SAME FACE! Just tweaking the eyes and changing the hair style won’t conceal these eyes of mine. I can see that they all suffer from same face syndrome. Gosh, am I going to be able to remember all these characters?

The voice cast is superb; it’s pretty much the reason why I wanted to watch and review this anime. Even if this anime turns out bad, I will enjoy it for the cast. For now, I can hear Yuma Uchida, Natsuki Hanae (though, he was a bit hard to decipher since his range for cute teen boys varies depending on the appearance), Ryota Ohsaka, Nobuhiko Okamoto and Daisuke Ono so far. I have to hear the others later on to see who they are voiced by. 

The music so far seems generic. Though, the song used in the perception art portion was good. Other than that, the regular BGM are just there—not memorable at all.

For now, I’m probably going to write shorter reviews for this anime because there’s not much I can talk about since I don’t know anything right now. All I know is that the reason Kazuya and Takise had a falling out was due to an accident that caused Kazuya’s parents’ death. Yikes. There’s going to be angst in this anime? I’m never prepared for sudden angst.

[sakuwsker]

Opus.COLORs Character’s chibi version with the voice actor’s greetings

Yamanashi Naoki ~ Fukuyama Jun

1) Chibi version revealed. More info about him; https://www.opus-colors.com/character/detail/yamanashi-naoki.html

2)  My name is Fukuyama Jun, and I will be voicing Yamanashi Naoki in [Opus. COLORs]. 

As the main character Kazuya’s father, I’m curious to see how he’ll be portrayed in the story, but above all, I’m deeply moved by his role as a father. Anyway, I will do my best to make the production more exciting.  Favorite color: indigo blue

[ecargmura]

Opus Colors Episode 12 Review + Final Thoughts: Art Is A Connection

The final episode! Kazuya and Kyo finally make up and how the Yamanashi couple’s death happened finally came to light. Jun finally is alleviated from the stress of being the mom friend! I’m glad that they finally added it in the final episode, but why did it take so long?

Kyo’s guilt stemmed from the accident ten years ago. He finally reveals why he’s so guilt-ridden. After the crash, Kyo was trying to open the trunk as he believed the Perception Art was too important to be left alone. Not only that, his mother was a part of the reason. Akari said that the Perception Art was made with her in mind. Given that Kyo lost her too soon, he wanted to keep a portion of her memory alive. When Akari took over, the truck was slowly exploding. Naoki came over to tell her to switch places with him, but it was too late as they caught in the explosion and Kyo had unwanted front-row seats. Poor boy. It makes sense why he’s so guilt ridden now.

The mystery of that one wolf in the Scribble is finally answered—there were two flash drives, a purple and green one. Kazuya had the purple one with him which had one wolf while Kyo had the green one. These wolves were always meant to be a pair and that was the Yamanashi couple’s intention. The hint that they were supposed to be a pair came from Ikaruga who told him another meaning of wolves: that they are always together. I also noticed that the wolf Kazuya had a blue aura while the one with Kyo had a red aura. Kazuya’s motif color is red while Kyo’s blue. I do like how they got the wolves opposite of their colors.

The plot point about the new VR space for Perception Art was actually a tease. It felt like the wolves were going to disappear, but Kazuya and Kyo finally managed a way to incorporate them into the new space and they’re running around all happily together. The ending sequence with them running past the pairs with their Perception Art characters was so cute.

My only gripe was that Kyo got away with everything at the end. He didn’t get a punishment. I wouldn’t mind even a slight reprimanding, but they just glossed over it. What was the point?

Regardless, I’m glad that they finally held hands and made up. I’m glad that the ending is finally happy and that the three friends are finally back to being friends. I felt the moment Jun shed a tear seeing Kazuya and Kyo holding hands on the sunrise. Also, Kyo’s mother, Yua, was revealed in this episode and she was BEAUTIFUL! Like Kyo got his looks from her like how Kazuya got his looks from his mother! My favorite part of the final episode was seeing the new Perception Art space. It was so beautiful.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Opus Colors was a fun anime. I watched this anime expecting art and I got art. I just think Perception Art is a cool concept in general given that technology is advancing and such. I do believe VR art can be a thing in the future, but I’m sure the situation will be just like how the Yamanashi couple dealt with it.

The plot was a bit linear, but it was a given since it all centered around art. I did like it though. I did believe that the show did a good job showing that Perception Art meant and making it the main focus. Sure, there was some drama along the way, but all centered around it. I think the writing did it’s main job and I’m glad it did.

The characters were originally hard for me to distinguish, but I managed to figure out who was who as I kept watching. I liked the characters. I think they were all unique and stood out and not felt like cardboard boxes. My favorite character was Jun who had the most personality of the main trio. Their passion for art radiated with me as I am passionate about writing. Though, my gripe about the characters is that I wish we could’ve seen more of Makoto. I feel like he had the least amount of screen time.

Also, the tension between Artists and Graders felt necessary since it seems as if they all got along in the end. The school system felt ridiculous and it’s never stated why it’s there and how the prejudices manage to subside. They should’ve just abolished that system in the first place if it wasn’t going to be implemented later on.

The back and forth between Kazuya and Kyo did get a bit annoying towards the end of the anime. However, how they resolved everything was okay to me other than Kyo getting away scot free for his illegal scribbling. I’m glad that Jun was sort of the mediator between the two. Without him, this would’ve dragged on needlessly.

The Perception Art in general was a creative and fun idea. I think it worked. All the artwork was gorgeous and a lot different from the usual art style. I love that each artist have their own design and it wasn’t the same thing plastered here and there. One had a cutesy vibe. Another had a vibrant vibe and so forth. My favorite was Iori’s first Perception art followed by Jun’s. However, they’re all so good! Check them out on the anime’s official Youtube Channel! They’re gems you want to keep watching over and over again.

Would I recommend this anime? I’d recommend this anime to people who like art in general and want to see a creative take on art. But to casuals and hardcore anime fans? Not exactly. If I were to rate this anime, I’d give it a 5.5. It’s average, but that doesn’t stop me from liking it!

[sakuwsker]

Opus.COLORs’ Birthdays

JANUARY:

由羅 大樹 YURA DAIKI (Okamoto Nobuhiko)     1/6

FEBRUARY:

多岐瀬 結愛  TAKISE YUA (uncast)              2/2

多岐瀬 響  TAKISE KYO (Ohsaka Ryota)     2/10

榊 知陽    SAKAKI CHIHARU (Furukawa Makoto)  2/14

MARCH:

御来屋 楓    MIKURIYA KAEDE (Nakajima Yoshiki)   3/9

APRIL:

月見里 和哉    YAMANASHI KAZUYA (Uchida Yuuma)   4/20

MAY:

中静 理央    NAKASHIZU RIO (Konishi Katsuyuki)    5/4

JUNE: 月見里 直輝     YAMANASHI NAOKI (Fukuyama Jun)   6/10

都築 純     TSUZUKI JUN (Hanae Natsuki)     6/30

JULY: 月見里 朱莉    YAMANASHI AKARI (Nazuka Kaori)    7/20

織堂 優一     SHIDO YUICHI (Nakamura Shugo)        7/31

AUGUST:

登世 康平       TOSE KOHEI  (Yamashita Daiki)            8/8

難波　道臣      NANBA MICHITAKA (Toyonaga Toshiyuki)   8/17

SEPTEMBER:

灰島 伊織            HAIJIMA IORI  (Umehara Yuichiro)       9/24

OCTOBER:  桐乃江 麻秀        KIRINOE MASHU (Suzuki Ryouta)          10/9

八柳 真             YANAGI MAKOTO (Ono Daisuke)               10/27

NOVEMBER: 由羅 拓海         YURA TAKUMI (Shimazaki Nobunaga)        11/3

  多岐瀬 統梧        TAKISE TOGO (Toriumi Kousuke)           11/23

DECEMBER:  斑鳩 杏寿             IKARUGA ANJYU (Yashiro Taku)              12/12

source: https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-12-01/opus-colors https://www.opus-colors.com/character/