#NO2 Core

[neptunescore]

k you asked for unpopular f1 opinions and idk if this even counts but i Do Not Like lando norris. i actively dislike him, actually. couldn't really tell you why, he's just really annoying. and that move with the fist pump during max's anthem at the canadian gp? not fucking cool. i also hate when people say shit like "omg he's so public school core" or "idk he just feels more authentic than the rest of them (drivers)" because most people didn't know he had money growing up. his dad is like a fucking billionaire (millionaire?) CEO like shut up. i just feel like he can't possibly be as nice as people think. also his win in miami had distinctly Weird Vibes. not necessarily bad, just Wrong. should not have happened. also that thing where he said "trump is someone you gotta have a lot of respect for" like no??? he's not??? he's a conservative right wing politician who was found guilty on all 34 counts in his hush money case. he's a white-collar criminal (the worst kind). he deserves no respect. shut up. it would be better to just not say anything at all. yeah.

I have had SO MANY asks on lando, but i shall keep responding😤.

No1. All the shit Lando has done. Ugh, dont even get me started on it, im just gonna link my old post bc im so done talking abt it.

No2. I don't hate lando, I'm not a lando 'hater', bc I feel like you can't really hate a person you have never met and don't know on a personal level. However, I do feel very strongly abt some of his actions, and I do think he should take accountability for shit he's done. Personally, I just don't like him that much, and so I stay away from his content and fans. If I see smthng funny he's done or see content abt him that I enjoy then I laugh and appreciate it, but recently he's just been irritating towards my beliefs and values, so I'm keeping my distance.

No3. I just wanna say, very gently, even if you dislike a driver, you shouldn't discredit their wins/ accomplishments bc in the end thats smthng they've earned, and it's literally their job, like for me, when I saw miami, I thought "good for him" and moved on. I did get really pissed abt his comments on trump tho, man really went and stained his first race win with all that shit.

No4. Ur point on the way ppl say, 'he's more authentic than the rest of the drivers'. Honestly, I've seen so many ppl have this opinion, and all I'm gonna say is: Every driver has a different pr strategy. Lando's whole strategy is being perceived as 'relateable' and 'quirky', and, by the looks of it, it's working really well. Obv we – as fans – will never know if he's genuinely like this in person or if it is just fully pr (same with all the other drivers), but from what's provided to us we're all free to make our own assumptions :]

I just feel like he can't possibly as nice as people think

I think, nonnie (and this is meant in the kindest way possible), assumptions like these are smthng we should avoid making. You don't know lando, and I don't know lando, so really we'll never know if he's truly as nice or not, and we shouldn't say stuff like this about ppl who've never actually done anything to be precieved that way. Like yes, we can talk abt how lando is ignorant and the type to either: 1. Not think bfr he speaks/ does smthng or 2. Has really bad political views and questionable morals (and if this option is fully confirmed, i will become a full hater, doesn't matter if hes nice or not). But what has he ever done that shows us he's not kind/ nice to his fans?

[silver-wield]

I love how ppl like to pick apart cloud and Tifas relationship while him and aerith have nothing close to it 🤣

They have to pick it apart because the first thing anyone has to do to prove their ship is destroy the canon one. That's why dumdums spend more time dragging Tifa than they do talking about Aerith.

And that's also why they ignore the ultis, since the latest ones literally say that Zack is special to Aerith, and Tifa is an important partner (in the romantic other half sense) to Cloud. That's literally what they say and the second I get my book I'll be putting pages up. Until then a gift from twitter...

Aerith's page info on the left.

One date!

Aerith, who was confronted by Reno at the church, asked Cloud to be her bodyguard. The payment was for "one date", which is also from a scene in Crisis Core between Zack and Aerith. In another scene, there is an email from Kunsel, who offers to fix the broken wagon that Zack made for Aerith, but she declines, which is probably why the original game had her using a basket instead.

Zack is special to Aerith.

That's a rough translation, but the final line is word for word.

Tifa's info on the right. The character section with her other renders, not the no2 info.

Tifa is a childhood friend of Cloud and in Midgar takes on the role of a reliable partner. She appears in many works alongside Cloud.

This is the no2 info for anyone interested.

Tifa is the best guide.

According to Tifa she's the best guide in the slum. During Crisis Core's Nibelheim section she once said she's the best guide in the village.

[wadey-wilson]

CHARACTER CHEAT SHEET: PETER PARKER / SPIDER-MAN

Peter Parker’s abilities, traits, and history can be complicated, so I gathered up all I know from comics and all the website I’ve visited in my life, revisited them, and put them together. I hope that the Marvel fanfictions writers will find this useful, especially that more and more Spider-Man fanfics are written nowadays.

[fun fact about the hyphen between ‘Spider’ and ‘Man’ - the creators of the character used it to differ Spider-Man from Superman.]

Full name: Peter Benjamin Parker

Spider-Man aliases: Spidey, Webhead, Webs, Web-Slinger, Wallcrawler/ Wall-crawler

Date of birth: - comics: Peter is a Libra, making his birthday sometime between September 23rd and October 22nd. - MCU: August 10th, 2001

Characteristics: - gender: male - current height (age 28): 5' 10" / teenage years height: 5' 5" - current weight (age 28): 167 lbs (76 kg) / teenage years weight: 140 lbs (64 kg) - eyes: hazel - hair: brown

Family: - Richard Parker, Mary Parker (parents, killed in a plane crash, spies) - Benjamin Parker (uncle, killed by a thief) - May Parker (aunt); (- Teresa Parker (sister) ) (- William Fitzpatrick (maternal grandfather, killed) )

Address: - grew up on: 20 Ingram Street, Forest Hills, Queens - currently living in: Queens

Core personality traits: - loner - neurotic (anxiety, fear, jealously, loneliness, worry, envy, frustration) - funny and witty, yet respectful (uses humor as defense/coping mechanism and to distract an opponent) - strong willed, brave - nerdy/geeky - shy, socially awkward - caring, loyal, kind, trusting, considerate - always worried, cautious, hopeful

Intelligence: - he graduated Midtown high with the highest scholastic average in the school's history - Octavius stated that Peter's “smarter than all of them” - Peter’s more intelligent than anyone he knows and he doesn't understand why Peter doesn't use all of his intellect - Peter's IQ is 250, making his position in the Highest IQ Ranks of Marvel characters in the top 5 (it's a made up universe, ok)

Equipment:

Costume: - in the early days after the spider bite when peter was making money via wrestling, peter made a costume because a TV producer told him it would sell as an act along with the wrestling - he created a mask to avoid the embarrassment if he lost a match, later it served him to protect his identity and hide his fear during fights

Utility Belt: - a utility belt holding extra clips of webbing (later: Spider-Tracers, Spider-Signal), placed on his waist under the suit (- recently upgraded to hold cartridges of different types of webbing, freeze capsules, new Spider-Tracers as well as a newly upgraded Spider-Signal that has a UV light setting for forensic analysis.) (- in the MCU, the belt was changed into clips on the hip height of the suit)

Web-shooters: - he first created the web-shooters so they can give him the advantage over pro-wrestlers  - they're made of materials that don't trip metal detector alarms (the material changes as the comics go, it's plastic, carbon fiber, and so on) - they're pressure sensitive - work only when peter taps on them twice very quickly with his middle and ring finger. the pressure, though, is really big, given the super strength. in that way, the web-shooters don't go off in a fight or when he shakes someone's hand. it also means that an average human wouldn't be able to use them, given that they need a certain degree of pressure put on the trigger. - over the years Peter's learned to use the web-shooters in more ways than just shooting single strings - he can make a parachute, web up a cast for a broken arm, a shield, and more and more variations he needs at the moment - from marvel.com: “the webbing [is a shear-thinning liquid (virtually solid until a shearing force is applied to it, rendering it fluid) whose exact formula is as yet unknown, but is related to nylon. On contact with air, the long-chain polymer knits and forms an extremely tough, flexible fiber with extraordinary adhesive properties. The web fluid's adhesive quality diminishes rapidly with exposure to air. (Where it does not make contact with air, such as the attachment disk of the web-shooter, it remains very adhesive.) After about one to two hours, certain imbibed esters cause the solid form of the web fluid to dissolve into a powder. Because the fluid almost instantly sublimates from solid to liquid when under shear pressure, and is not adhesive in its anaerobic liquid/solid phase transition point, there is no clogging of the web-shooter's parts." 

Superpowers:

[fun fact no2: he's holding back in every fight and on daily basis - both in the intellect and physical departments.]

Mutations: - he's got harder bones and tougher skin, hard for a syringe to pin through - his organs' tissue is most probably stronger to not get squashed under the pressure of impact forces (such as g-forces while he's swinging)

Strength: - he can bench press up to 10 tons but it was stated that it’s the average strength he uses - he's holding back a lot (supporting the weight of the Daily Bugle building, landing a private jet with  a landing weight between 175,000-215,000 pounds, breaking through Iron Man's armor, even breaking through eight of Doctor Octopus' carbonadium tentacles, lifting a large pile of iron-debris equivalent to the weight of a locomotive approximately 130 tons) - he can jump to a height of several stories in a single bound - he’s strong enough to knock out people with normal durability with as little as a tap to the head - he can throw a human sized and weight object across, like, New York

Speed, agility, reflexes: - his perfect sense of balance is complemented by the generally elastic nature of his body - he can adjust his position by instinct, which enables him to balance himself on virtually any object - he can outrun moving cars - according to the comics, he can run 70-115mph - it was stated that he can go around 120 mph when swinging the fastest he can - he's agile and quick enough that in a combat fight the foe can only see a blur, dodging attacks and bullets the second they’re put in motion - according to the official bios, his heightened reflexes are about 40 times better than the ones of an average human  (with the help of spider-sense, he can dodge a bullet before it’s even shot)

Spider-sense: ( a form of unconscious precognition / extra-sensory perception tuned to danger or threats that might cause him physical or mental injury) - it can make Peter feel off when his loved ones are in danger - it can differ a loved one/a very close friend and a foe (best example: Aunt May once sneaked up on Spider-Man and smashed a vase on his head) - it can help Peter navigate in the dark - it’s a bit off and overwhelmed and Peter doesn’t react to it right when he’s very tired or distracted or when there's too much danger around (like in a big fights with many opponents and weapons) - when it goes off and “buzzes” without imminent and instant danger, Peter may think it’s just gone a bit bonkers, therefore he doesn’t react it much. - it helps with instinctive shooting webs at places that won’t crumble under Peter’s weight - it reduces stuff like the need to look sideways when crossing the street or the need to cover up 100% when Peter changes in an alleyway - Peter was banned from playing poker with F4 because the spider-sense helps him detect when someone is bluffing - sometimes it takes control over peter when there has to be less thinking and more reacting done in a fight - it can hurt peter when it's triggered hard enough

Healing factor: - he can heal from bullet wounds, concussions, broken or sprained bones, and third-degree burns in a matter of days - his body produces less fatigue toxins than ordinary humans which allows him to exert himself for days - he can go a couple of days with no sleep; - he's got a weirdly high tolerance to radiation - he can hold his breath for eight minutes or more

Metabolism: - he’s got a bottomless belly - high metabolism means he needs more food to function, but then again he can go without food because of the healing factor - he can even shrug off some toxins - the toxin resistance makes it harder for someone to knock him out with toxins (such as drugs, for example)

Enhanced senses: - he’s got enhanced sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste - they can be as much of help as of a nightmare. each of his senses was enhanced which means he can hear his neighbors as they roll over in their bed, but going to a concert isn't that fun

Wall-crawling: - according to Spider-Man Vol 1 #26 it’s a mutagenic, cerebellum-wide alteration of his engrams resulting in the ability to mentally control the flux of inter-atomic attraction (electrostatic force) between molecular boundary layers - which basically means electrostatic attraction between Peter’s skin and a solid surface - it’s mentally controlled

Quotes/mottos:

“That's not why you do it. You do it 'cause it's the right thing to do. [...] Now it's my turn. [...] I'm going to give it my all. [...] I'll never quit.”

“With great there must also come great responsibility.”

“Life sucks sometimes... but it's always worth living.“

“Everyone can be saved.”

Other:

- the Spider-Man mask supposedly muffles and changes Peter’s voice enough to be unrecognizable - Peter’s a NY Mets fan - Peter’s witty personality works on every hero’s nerve except for Deadpool (Wolverine one stated that being in company of one of these two is a nightmare, and being in company of both of them is one of the worst things he’s gone through) and Tony - the adhesive skin allows Peter’s mask to stick to his face in case someone tried to pull the mask off - he’s a skilled photographer.

[bakugaykatsukii]

I Talk About Bakugou Because I'm Bored

Bakugou. He's best boy. My son.

No, actually, I'mma explain in as few words as possible why I absolutely adore his character.

Oops this got long.

Okay, so it's the first chapter/episode (I'll go off the anime because it's practically identical and more widespread) and it opens with Deku narrating. This is to establish an immediate connection between the audience and the main protagonist; it conveys how important Deku is. Plenty of shows do this so it's not really a big deal, just common practise. HOWEVER, the second character we hear speak is Bakugou, who is insulting Deku.

This is framed in a way that's supposed to make us dislike him, and continues all throughout the first episode. He's presented as a four year old trying to beat up our main character, and then his next scene is being ten years older and Still Trying To Beat Up Our Main Character. This makes him seem rotten to the core, as his character hasn't changed whatsoever in that time, and as an audience we know very little information about him.

On top of that, within this first episode he is deliberately made to have no redeeming qualities, nothing that could make him sympathetic in any way. The Sludge Villain fiasco isn't until ep2, and in this one he literally tells Deku to kill himself, reaching peak middle school bully. He destroys something the Main Protagonist clearly treasures and is privelaged in every conceivable way, even his (later obviously intense) desire to be a hero is simplified to monetary gain, with "I'll be even richer than All Might himself!!!" (or something to that effect). Later on I'd explain such a line to be a result of young Baku trying to quantify his future success, something he never mentions again after the Sludge Villain.

In these first twenty minutes of the anime, he's been absolutely dragged through the mud. Not only is he this arrogant, selfish, mean bully, he's also the sort of bully we can all relate to having, making him even more dislikable! It's so easy for an audience to write him off as irredeemable almost immediately.

But then comes ep2. Seasoned anime watchers likely brush over some small details, but the fact that the Sludge Villain attack happens when Bakugou is 14? Wow. At this point no one likes him, and to many people seeing this happen could come across as a sort of karmic punishment, deserving and therefore less sympathetic. And so Horikoshi succeeds in continuing to make him dislikable but also adding depth to this character who so clearly believed he was invincible.

However, any such depth is pretty much ignored by the audience. I've watched many reactions, and, at this point, due to Bakugou's sub par personality, most people don't care about what happened upon first viewing. To be fair, it's treated as background until Deku steps in and proves himself a hero, at which point he's promised a quirk and That's all anyone can think about.

(also there's some symbolism in this ep because Bakugou and Deku were both attacked by the Sludge Villain and saved by All Might, showing they are actually equals in character and have a lot in common.)

Anyway, so for the first few episodes no one gives two shits about Bakugou because he's meant to be dislikable. He's set up to be as bad as possible without needing to be arrested/never being redeemable. Yet, he's also not clearly set up to be redeemed whatsoever. Let me explain:

Quick break from bnha to head over to atla, Zuko is the perfect redemption arc. And some of that can be attributed to his presentation in the first few episodes: where he's portrayed as antagonistic but still honourable, and has a tragic past. He's the sort of character you know isn't actually bad at heart. But Bakugou hasn't got any tragic back story to speak of, and certainly isn't honourable, so we don't expect a redemption.

That's so interesting to me, because it basically means his character could go in any direction but most shounen fans expect him to be the typical rival. He's mean now and will be mean later, nbd. Will probably betray Deku in order to gain more power. That sort of stuff.

But, as the first season progresses, we're shown that Bakugou (on top of all of his anger issues and cruelty) is also so incredibly determined, to the point where it's harmful. A lot of people, even in season three, expect him to accept the LoV's offer, but as early as ep7 he's shown to be dedicated to being the best on his own. He utterly fails at pretending to be a villain, and doesn't manage to work with his "villain" teammate. When the USJ attack rolls around, he fights alongside Deku.

I feel like I've just word babbled for a while so here's a picture:

Isn't that adorable? Anyway, I continue.

Okay, recap: Bakugou is presented initially as bad and in no way sympathetic, but throughout season one some of his good qualities do get highlighted.

The Sports Festival is probably when I was most on edge about who my favourite character was. Todoroki vs Deku vs Bakugou was a whole internal debate. We all know who eventually won though. Point is, this is the first time Bakugou is supposed to seem likeable.

Like, yes, he helped out at the USJ, but he was still reckless and angry about it. In this arc his flaws stop seeming so antagonistic (even though he's now more at odds with 1-A than he's ever been) and are framed humorously; if you think about it, the only times you're not rooting for Bakugou in this whole arc is when you're laughing at his antics. He stops seeming like a massive unforgivable bully and becomes a secondary threat behind Todoroki, even though he ultimately wins the Festival.

One of the first things he does in the season is tell people messing with their class go away, albeit bluntly, and is then complimented for it by Kirishima, who is the nicest guy in the class! No longer are we supposed to necessarily dislike him, as he's being developed after all of season 1. Him saying "I'm gonna win" as his speach is expected by the audience and laughed at- absolutely nobody watching was scared he'd hurt Deku in some terrible way due to it.

The cavalry battle demonstrates that he can work in a team after some adjustment time, and he gets his own antagonist (Monoma) who we all root against! This makes us closer to his character, as in a way we have a common enemy.

Then obviously the single battles are super interesting, his one against Uraraka especially turning people to his side. Since Aizawa, who as an audience we trust after his actions at the USJ, backs up Bakugou's actions, we accept them as the right thing to have done. Especially since Bakugou later calls Uraraka "not fragile", demonstrating that he can respect people and actually isn't as discriminatory as his earlier actions against Deku might lead one to believe. Everything about this fight is pure gold.

The rest of his fights are also very interesting, so let me go off on a little tangent. He's the only person to 1) be uninjured by the end of the festival (he did win tho so...) and 2) he's the only person to win all of his fights by forcing his opponent into submission. He knocks out Uraraka and Kirishima, goes to knock out Tokoyami but has him give up instead and then knocks out Todoroki! His fights are so much more violent than the others, who are primarily trying to win by pushing their opponent out of the ring or by immobilising them, which could make him come across as more aggressive (which he is). But it actually works for his character considering the way he demonstrates respect is by giving his all, therefore in order to show he cares about these fights he has to go for absolutely decimating the person against him.

Also, interesting side note to all that, out of our main three festival contenders, Bakugou is the only one who actually needs to use the festival for its intended purpose: impressing scouts. Todoroki, as the son of Endeavour, is already known throughout the hero community as a promising young talent, and could even get the No2 hero to coach him if he so wished. Deku even says himself that he doesn't necessarily need to get scouted when All Might is already teaching him. Out of the three Bakugou has the most incentive to actually show off here, no guilt/baggage required.

Anyway blah Stain arc blah. Bakugou picks Jeanist to intern with, which many might think makes him shallow. Their quirks are in no way similar and their images are almost diametrically opposing, and Bakugou only chose him because he's such a highly ranked hero. However, I believe the creators crafted this pairing in order to convey how good of a future hero Bakugou promises to be. BJ, in these episodes, is all talk. He's such a superficial hero that, in order to rectify Bakugou's foul personality, he gives him a haircut. He demonstrates the arrogant nature that Stain hates so much. Meanwhile, Bakugou ignores him and is still arrogant in his own way, obviously, but not for anything other than his own pride. He, when you break it down, spends all of his time working towards a genuinely good goal, just to prove to himself that he's worthy- no desire for fans or fame in there, he wants success but isn't actually looking for any of the perks that come with it. This, imo, makes him better than BJ. Also, Bakugou never actually says he is working with BJ due to his rank and could be doing it because their quirks botha require so much time, practice and effort.

Okay, so, now for the final exams. This is where I decided he was my favourite. He works with Deku etc and proves to the audience that he can work with him and won't necessarily become a villain, plus All Might lets loose a little and proves he too can be violent and mean.

What I really love is about ep24 s2 is actually the bit that makes a lot of people chuckle: where Bakugou bites AM's hand. This kid has been giving his absolute all, putting every ounce of strength into beating his idol, because, lbh, his self worth depends on his success here, until he literally cannot raise his arms to punch anymore. And yet, he still refuses to go down, despite every odd against him. Something about that tenacity is just so incredible to me.

It's almost 1am, let's have another break, shall we?

Idk I thought it was funny when it came onto my dash.

Btw, it's now I wish I knew how to hide most of a post lololol.

Season three is just Baku's season, ngl. Like,,, so many of his Stans got their start here, and it's not hard to tell why. A big reason why Bakugou felt irredeemable was because he had no reason to be so mean, but the narrative makes up for that by then putting him through so many bad experiences.

There's been a million metas on why he's so perfect in this season, and this is already abhorrently long, but ah well.

Okay so he's captured by the League through no fault of his own. As the audience when we find out Bakugou is missing we immediately think he's done the dumb thing and gone off on his own, but it's quickly revealed that he's already been kidnapped. Tokoyami is also taken, cementing that the LoV are looking for kids with some villainous feature, but also showing that their perception of what makes a child villainous is skewed, since we know Tokoyami is good.

At the hideout Baku is entirely restrained and silent, so clearly against his will. If we remember every other time he's been restrained (so goddamn many) we'll think back to the Sludge Villain, finding out Deku had a quirk, after his *win* against Todoroki and his internship with BJ. In this way, it's obvious to tell that this is all a Bad experience for him, as those were all very negative times in his life. There's no way he'll join them.

None of the pros even consider it a possibility. Aizawa defends him against the press (and, once again, we like Aizawa! So we trust him) and none of his classmates think he could be evil, they're all primarily concerned for his safety. Even BJ, who insinuated that Baku could easily become a villain, doesn't appear to believe he'll turn down that path.

Also Baku is pretty cool when he fights of the villain like I'm ngl.

And then, when he sees All Might? And his face screws up? With his lip trembling? It's undercut with a joke but he's so obviously just a scared/relieved kid in that moment and it's gut wrenching to remember that.

It's really getting late and I'm at 11% here so speed round through the provisional licence exam.

He can tell Shindou is two faced

Even though he's blunt he's still got the instincts and smarts of a hero

The class looks up to him

Aizawa has a lot of favouritism for this child, y'all, how did I not notice this?

His failure here is intrinsic to his character growth as it means he hits absolute rock bottom and we can move onto:

Deku Vs Kacchan 2

Where to even start. The guilt and pain he experiences has made me tear up several times just from thinking about them, and that GODDAMN VOICE CRACK AS HE YELLS nope it hurts too bad.

It's sort of the culmination of every emotional issue Bakugou has exhibited throughout the series. He can't find self worth without constant praise and pressures himself to be unimaginably perfect, to a self destructive point. He has no support system in place to help him with these issues. His anger stops being repetitive/funny/annoying and is finally, clearly shown to be more damaging to himself than to anyone else, as he feels the only way he can deal with his stress and hurt is by lashing out at those who try to help him.

In this fight we also learn why Deku, even though he's Baku's victim, still looks up to him so much. And the whole dynamic is so perfect I might cry rn.

I am annoyed, though, that further than that Baku's mental health has been pretty much entirely ignored for 200 manga chapters. Probably my only complaint about him.

.

.

.

At an entirely selfish level, I can relate to Bakugou. Obviously I'm not a teenage boy with explosion powers who bullies people in order to feel any self worth, but the high standards for himself? The pain at any failures? Being told through childhood how great you are only for it to be torn away in your teens? That's all so painfully relatable to me, and so I feel an even deeper connection with his character.

One last picture to finish off:

[iarafoschino]

It is crucial for me as an ethical vegan to also share a few facts on the destruction that animal farming causes to our environment, habitat and climate that leads to be the third leading cause of #climatechange ✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨As the human appetite for meat,dairy and eggs increased over the years, so did our dependence on animal farming system that has livestock as its core commodity ✨To feed billions of humans leads to livestock not become a short-term commitment, as for farmers requires animals to be raised over months or years before they are ready to be slaughtered for meat and raised for to produce milk or eggs that require them to be alive for longer ✨These animals were brought here artificially and their products are all artificially inseminated, which is horrific pain for them and requires a tremendous amount of livestock feed, resulting over 40% arable land on the planet✨Our forests and biodiversity are paying a high price for this✨In 2012 there was nearly 800 million acres of forest in the U.S. ✨✨Currently, 260 million acres of US forests have been clear-cut to create land used to produce livestock feed, and 92% of the #amazon rainforest deforestation is attributed to animal meat and crops to feed livestock ✨The same amount of land to produce 1.000 quarter -pound hamburgers patties per acre we can produce with the same size of land 50,000 pounds of tomatoes, over 40,000 pounds of potatoes, 30,000 pounds of carrots or 20,000 pounds of apples .✨ The evidences on the whole from this illogical system destruction to our ecosystems and climate is undeniable ✨Going #vegan is the biggest single way we can do to diminish our carbon foot print ✨. A vegan lifestyle occupy much less land saving trees, water, soil, avoid desertification, extinction of spicies, biodiversity, emitting much less greenhouses methane and No2 .✨#whyvegan #eatfortheplanet #veganfortheanimals #veganfortheplanet #vegansofig #govegan #climatecrisis #sustainability #vegansofnj #vegansofnewjersey #vegansofnewyork #animalfarming (at Hackensack, New Jersey) https://www.instagram.com/p/B75Y4MDh7Ki/?igshid=1jcwsh7iugg3h

[no2core2-blog]

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[fullmagazinedeer-blog]

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[mithbutlar-blog]

Who Else Wants Learn What Consume To Build Muscle

Most people think that body building is limited to the because they came from want to bulk up and get bulging muscle mass tissue. Well, that is a slam dunk true. Creating is don't just about having the washboard abs or the sculpted muscles; it likewise about becoming fit and shedding pounds. That is why a simple guide to body building would be useful for beginners and because they came from may be interested in losing weight.

These contain plenty of salt and so are harmful for the medical. No2 Core You must avoid the particular keep on loosing belly weight. High salty foods are all the real explanation for causing high blood anxiety. The quality of your and the heights a person need to reach are not determined with things you will do. The quality of your life is determined through your willingness to find out specific, momentum-creating thought patterns repeated great area ever experience via daily disciplines.

Complete the brown stuff. It cannot performed. You would already must be have less than 10% body fat and an excellent level of fitness to obtain anywhere near it. Merely fewer also need be taking Body Building supplements as well. It just will not be done guys. Forget it. You need to to have a good 10-12 weeks from scratch to get the results are generally after. Possess have got a chance to your ripped abs, end up being a case of keeping it up with a lower program.

Well, leasing why they adopt this particular type of response to get a success undeniable fact that they are frightened of losing something once the goal is attained.  is at play on this website. If it is a spouse, or perhaps she may go through threatened on your new as well as that a person appear that much more attractive to other places. A sibling, may feel they are losing their buddy to share comfort food with persons. Sometimes your best friend is sabotaging your general metabolic rate will efforts, all around health fear losing you together with a new circle of friends once a person all the off.

When you are thinking about nutrition, girls who are beginning a creating routine wish to keep some things in concentration. First of all, girls need different nutrients than boys. They require much more iron due to blood loss during menstruation, and they also can benefit from more healthy protein. Protein provides Muscle Building material in the body, for that reason it should be consumed both through diet as well as supplements.

Ensure that you are utilizing protein powder in order to feed the groups of Muscle Building Review. Protein is essential for muscle growth, and protein powders are an excellent method of ensuring in which you are consuming enough as they simply are on it right away and convenient. Utilize quick-digesting proteins for your morning, afternoon, and preworkout protein choice, and use casein to your postworkout and night protein choice. Interval Training is less directed and doesn't concentrate on specific areas, so like i mentioned follow exact basic routine each time you check out the gym. This works properly for individuals who get bored easily.

Simple step-by-step instructions is what you wish. Find your way without blazing path way: eBay has simple guides, an individual can Google answers too. Get it done quick and clean - that's sensational! What is it you're performing? You're just doing every im newbie business does at start off - you're gathering capital - no tears here. What we're giving you here and now is a timely to duplicate and an all-under-one-roof business you begin with minimum training - one with a nearly 24 hour a day help line.

You actually have a lot of choices to do this one. Ideally, you would be performing your own study from this field. This page is basically my thoughts on which courses and which workout programs have worked wonders for me personally. What you should do usually pick software and have the willpower to adhere to it as a result of. Whatever you do, don't give in mid-air. You need to give the program your full dedication a minimum of 6 years. Pretty soon, you'll see the outcomes of your hard work, provided you a few workout your all. No that could be great?

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[threadatl]

Traffic pollution is causing childhood asthma in Atlanta’s urban counties

With any conversation we have about reducing car trips in the Atlanta region (including topics such as congestion pricing, transit ridership, and parking reform), negative externalities need to be taken into consideration. Particularly when they affect the most vulnerable among us, such as children. 

And a newly released study makes it clear just how much we're hurting children with traffic pollution, by way of asthma cases. It find that kids living in urban areas have twice the percentage of asthma cases attributable to traffic pollution as compared to ones living in rural areas.

A research team working with the University of Washington has created an interactive map of counties in the U.S. where the burden of childhood asthma is most closely related to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a strong sign of traffic-related air pollution.

It covers the years 2000 and 2010. The image here shows the Atlanta region from the 2010 map and the core counties where traffic pollution is causing the most childhood asthma. 

Fulton: 505 cases (21% of all cases)

Cobb: 383 cases, (20% of all cases)

DeKalb: 394 cases, (22% of all cases)

Clayton: 160 cases, (20% of all cases)

Read about the study in this CityLab post.

Whether it’s from traffic emissions or deadly pedestrian collisions, car-dependent urban design is a serious health issue that affects vulnerable groups such as children and lower-income people who can’t afford a car (and who are increasingly stuck in car-centric places in the suburbs). We need to make hard decisions about how much we drive in Atlanta, and how much our urban design promotes alternatives. 

[connor31howard-blog]

Find The Female Muscle Building Truth

MuscleMaxx No2 Boost So to produce things easy, we're for you to use a principle I like. I am not going to look at credit for it, I only really wish i could recall where I went to the theater to give due credit, it's named the K.I.S.S Principle, Keep It Simple Gullible! No adyexheieone83u3893 supplements (that gibberish was on purpose in case you looked that out.), stick to the old core of the supplement strategy. Glutamine efficient in constructing up of proteins. This will be a strong choice linkedin profile for hard gainers but for anybody who desires to increase muscle tissue. It provides excellent fuel for muscle building. Glutamine also has beneficial side effects in not wearing running shoes has proven to expand the effectiveness of this immune kit. In an indirect way, on your also benefit your muscle building program. If you've ever aimed to go and lift weights at the gym when you feel sick are going to know that the energy levels are far lower and it's very hard to obtain an effective workout. Also men and women to start employing some creatine and glutamine. These two supplements identified to offer several for the same properties as steroid drugs as they'll increase recovery, glycogen, strength, enhance immunity process. And hybrids want feel about some natural testosterone booster supplements too. If an individual thinking about these things, you demand a new position. You will call for a more realistic perspective. You have the genuine truth. I'm here which will. I are aware these feelings, because I lived it, and website had the perspective I wanted. Consider these myths and truths. Glycine is definitely an vital post-workout supplement. It's a smart idea to start with only 2 grams in your shake, 3 the next time, moment on on, up to maximum of 20 gary. According to the coach, this helps your body lower cortisol faster, that in turn ensure you don't store extra body extra. The build-up is in order assist your liver with detoxification rather than overload the following. It rrs dependent upon where they are grown, but on average, a cup of red grapes (skins on) contains between .24mg and 1.25mg. A cup of boiled peanuts contain between your.32mg and 1.28mg. With the increase in blood flow, the nutrients may well then be quickly received via muscles permitting them to recover quickly during get plenty of exercise. This is the magic behind nitric oxide supplements force factor supplements, prone to think end up being magic in the neighborhood . and you will find no nitrix oxide allergic reactions from this either.

[silver-wield]

Back to the Z is no2 theory. Wasn't Z a failed experiment cuz his body rejected S's cells cuz he was already irradiated with jenova/mako? So he couldn't be part of the reunion theory since his cellular structure was already mutated? I thought that was the reason they were rejected. Z failed cuz he was already a part of soldier, and C failed cuz his psyche broke. It's an interesting theory, def a heartbreaking one.

🤷‍♀️🤷‍♀️🤷‍♀️ This level of tin foil hatting is above my pay grade lol

I know the devs are pulling info from the whole compilation, but that doesn't automatically mean all of it. Like, we've seen them cut stuff and focus on other parts already and it's weird that they chose these two numbers to represent the remnants.

No2 in crisis core was the genesis project, right? So, automatically we should think that's Genesis. But it doesn't look like genesis.

So, who's another no2? Well, Cloud was in the number 2 tank, but it doesn't look like him either. Who else? Maybe a project we don't already know about, but then why make a point of blurring the eyes in one frame then fully revealing the face in the story summary? It doesn't make sense unless we're meant to recognise him.

That leads to the possibility of Zack. Who was also in one of those 2 chambers and since Hojo dgaf about people, could well have got them mixed up once Zack was recaptured.

As for the rest, yeah, it's a stretch. I have no idea with the reunion stuff. I'm guessing. But that face is Zack. So, unless it's a clone of some kind or yet another alt timeline the simple explanation is Hojo fucked Zack over. That remnant behaved weird too. It didn't attack. Didn't do anything to Cloud besides stand then, distract him with the chopper and leave. It didn't behave like Sephiroth or his other puppets. People have remarked how odd that one is. Something is up.

I really don't want that to be Zack. Not really. It was a cool angsty idea, but I don't want that to be his fate. That's horrible!

As for the other remnant, there's stuff coming together for it.

[orerisis]

Windows 10 will not update 1803 無料ダウンロード.Windows 10 version 1803 ISO file

Windows 10 will not update 1803 無料ダウンロード.7 Solutions to Fix Windows 10 Won’t Update. #6 Is Fantastic [MiniTool Tips]

                                                                          We're hiring.Windows 10 旧バージョンのISOファイルは、まだダウンロード可能です(更新) | Solomonレビュー[redémarrage]

    May 06,  · Windows 10、バージョン の機能更新プログラムの更新をインストールするとディスプレイの明るさを調整する機能が失われてっずっと明るい設定のままになってしまいます。 どのように直したら良いか分かりません。教えて下さい。 また、更新後に画面の下の部分に画像が乱れたような一本線 Oct 22,  · If Windows 10 is not updating, you can try to restart Windows Update services. The followings are the detailed operation methods. Step 1: Right-click the Start menu of Windows 10 or press Windows key + X key together, then choose Command Prompt(Admin) rows · 無料ダウンロード & セキュリティ Windows 10 Version 用のサービス スタック更新プログラム: 年 10 月 9 日 この更新プログラムは、Windows Update を介して利用可能です。 ダウンロードとインストールは自動的に行われます。    

Windows 10 will not update 1803 無料ダウンロード.Windows 10 Version 、、、、、、および のセキュリティ更新プログラム: 年2月11日

Windows 10 の ISO ファイルをダウンロードするためにメディア作成ツールを使用した場合は、これらの手順に従う前に、ISO ファイルを DVD に書き込む必要があります。 Windows 10 をインストールする PC に、USB フラッシュ ドライブまたは DVD を挿入します。 Oct 22,  · If Windows 10 is not updating, you can try to restart Windows Update services. The followings are the detailed operation methods. Step 1: Right-click the Start menu of Windows 10 or press Windows key + X key together, then choose Command Prompt(Admin) Windows 10 Version 用のサービス スタック更新プログラム: 年6月9日. Windows 10, version , all editions. その他 減らす. Windows 10 Version for bit Systems. Windows 10 Version for ARMbased Systems. Windows 10 Version for xbased Systems. Windows Server Version (Server Core         

 But, as usually happens with many updates, the new Windows 10 update, fails to install on some PC's for unclear reasons. When the installation of Windows 10 v update failed, the users faces one of the following symptoms on their systems: Symptom No1: When the download of Windows 10 April v update is completed, Windows restarts to install update.

But, after the system restart, the system stuck during the update installation or at Windows Logo and the only method to get the PC back, is to force shutdown the machine using the Power switch. Symptom No2: During the installation of the v update on Windows 10, the system suddenly restarts and starts to revert changes and goes to the previous Windows 10 version v When the previous version is restored, the system starts to download again the latest update for Windows 10 v, but the installation of the update, always fails with the same symptoms or gives the error 0xc Suggestions: Before proceeding to update your system: 1.

Completely uninstall any 3rd party antivirus or security program from your system, before installing the update. Disconnect any USB connected devices that you don't need.

USB Wireless Mouse or Keyboard Receiver, USB Wireless Network Card, etc. If you have enabled the device encryption on your system BitLocker , VeraCrypt , then proceed and decrypt the drive C: before installing the update. Be patient…the update takes a few hours to download and install.

Before applying the methods mentioned below, try the following:. Download and install the latest Servicing Stack Update for Windows 10 v KB In many cases, the "SoftwareDistribution" folder's contents become corrupted and cause problems during downloading or installing updates. At these cases all these problems can be easily bypassed if you delete the "SoftwareDistribution" folder and its contents in order to force Windows to re-download the update s.

Type the following command and press OK. From the list of services, at the right pane locate the Windows Update service. Right click on "Windows Update" service and choose Stop. Close "Services" window. Double click on it to open its Properties. Set the Startup type to Disabled and click OK.

Restart your computer. After restart, continue below. Locate and then Delete the SoftwareDistribution folder. If you cannot delete the folder with error "Folder in use — try again", then restart Windows in "Safe Mode" and repeat the procedure. Click Check for updates. Finally let Windows to download and install the update again. The second method, to resolve the issues while downloading or installing the Windows 10 April update , is to download and install the update using the "Windows Update Assistant": To do that:.

Follow the instructions at Step-1 from Method-2 above and delete the "SoftwareDistribution" folder. Navigate to Windows 10 download site and click the Update now button. When asked, click to Run the "Windows10Upgrade exe" file to start the installation immediately, or click the Save button to run the installer later. Finally click the Update Now button and follow the on screen prompts to install the Update.

In the Search box type: cmd or command prompt 2. Right click on the command prompt result and select Run as Administrator. Be patient until DISM repairs component store.

When the operation is completed, you should be informed that the component store corruption was repaired , give this command and press Enter :. When SFC scan is completed, restart your computer. Try to update your system again. Another method that usually works, to fix Windows 10 update problems, is to perform a Windows 10 Repair-Upgrade, by using the Media Creation tool to create an ISO or USB Windows 10 install media.

For that task follow the detailed instructions on this article: How to repair Windows That's it! Which method worked for you?

Let me know if this guide has helped you by leaving your comment about your experience. Please like and share this guide to help others. We're looking for part-time or full-time technical writers to join our team! It's about a remote position that qualified tech writers from anywhere in the world can apply. Click here for more details. How to , Tutotial. Dawn September 30, pm.

Thank you for the article and for your help! lakonst October 1, am. I cannot answer with certainty. It depends by the laptop model. I suggest you to update your BIOS on your laptop before updating Win Paul September 22, am. Thank you so much, I've been stuck on this problem for around a year now.

The solution ended up being a combination of ideas I got from this post. Uninstalled virus scanner and VPN Disabled VT-D in BIOS Disabled all Microsoft services Disabled turbo mode in AVG PC Tuneup Then followed method 3. Though the Dism restoreheath command was not recognized. Then used method 2. David July 4, am. Santos June 23, pm. After one year trying to updade to , finally i installed.

Disabled VT-D on BIOS. Thanks for your help. Phillipe July 14, pm. GAREN June 19, pm. After spending a year of frustration it worked, I tried 1st and 3rd method at the same time. Thanks a lot. Mike Latino June 15, am. This article saved me. I have been trying to update my computer for weeks with no luck. I followed the steps on how to install Windows10Upgrade exe and it fixed my computer.

Thank you very much. joe May 16, pm. I tried all of these recommendations a couple times, nothing has worked. I have no idea what to do, and I'm not as computer savvy as the others on this forum.

It's been like this for months and I have no idea what to do. lakonst May 17, am. joe: Read and follow all the instructions in this troubleshooting guide. Joe King May 17, pm. Joe May 21, pm. Over the past couple days I have tried all of the options on the page you mentioned, minus the Perform a Clean Windows 10 installation seems like a last option that I'm not ready to exercise yet.

None of the options worked. During method 8, error 0x was cited as a problem. Is there anything else you'd recommend? lakonst May 30, am.

First of all, check if the developer mode is enabled. If it is, then disable it and try to update. If the problems persists, follow all the suggestions and methods in this troubleshooting guide. Joe King June 2, pm. Developer mode was not enabled, I did try all the options in the troubleshooting guide except the Perform a Clean Windows 10 installation.

I'm guessing that is what you are recommending? lakonst June 3, am. Joe King: Sometimes it is less time consuming to Perform a Clean Install of Windows, instead of troubleshooting. JackyDepp April 12, am. Joe King June 6, am.

[mariajohn90-blog]

Top automotive catalytic converters converting toxic pollutants into exhaust gases

In comparison to other automotive systems and tools, automotive catalytic converts are relatively an older technology. Emissions generated by cars in the form of fumes and gases are harmful to the environment and cause air pollution.

Modern-day exhaust systems in vehicles, also known as automotive catalytic converters, control such emissions and make them more environmentally friendly. Broadly, automotive catalytic converters permute byproducts of engine combustion into a less toxic substance. This is done by performing catalyzed chemical reactions. Reactions taking place in automotive catalytic converters vary largely depending on the type of catalyst installed.

The history of automotive catalytic converters dates back to the late 19th century. Since their introduction in fall of 1974 in the U.S., automotive catalytic converters have been in widespread use.

They have proven to be effective in reducing automobile emissions of harmful pollutants like carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides (NO2). Automotive catalytic converters make use of a chamber where unsafe molecules are split up in the gases that a car produces before they get released into the air.

Automotive catalytic converters can be made up of several different materials. The core or subtrate of vehicle catalyst depends on the vehicle it is being used in. Ceramic cores are the cheapest out of all alternative when automotive catalytic converters are produced in large quantities.

Metallic foil monoliths which are made of iron-chromium-aluminum combination can used in some applications. They are less expensive when manufactured for use in small production runs.

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Types of Automotive Catalytic Converters

Primarily, there are two types of automotive catalytic converters. Firstly, there existed two-way automotive catalystic converters. They were present in vehicles in the United States until 1981. They mainly converted Carbon Monoxide into Carbon Dioxide as they only had oxidization catalysts. Second is the Three-way Automotive Catalytic Converters which performs the same as the two-way converter with the addition of a reduction catalyst. they have been in use since 1981.

Top Automotive Catalytic Converters

Automotive Catalytic Converter Market was valued at USD 161.61 Billion in 2020. Get access to all market predictions in Global Automotive Catalytic Converters’ Market Report.

Verified Market Research experts found its value to cross USD 317.9 Billion by 2028. Study of market indicators also revealed its CAGR of 7.92% from 2021 to 2028. 

Continental AG The German multinational, Continental AG, is an  automotive parts manufacturing company specializing in brake systems, interior electronics, automotive safety, powertrain and chassis components, automotive catalytic converters, tires and other automotive parts. The roots of its corporate culture are trust, passion to win, freedom to act, and for one another.

It is a commercial enterprise and its primary task is to to efficiently provide goods and services to the full satisfaction of its customers and stakeholders, such as customers, employees, investors, business partners, politicians and society. The foundation of its business activity and strategy is safety, information, environment, and affordable mobility.

Futaba Futaba is a Japanese company that was founded in 1948 to originally produce vacuum tubes. Overtime, production and elemental techniques of the vacuum tube transformed into the manufacturing of vacuum fluorescent displays, tool and die set components, radio control equipment, automotive catalytic converters and OLED displays.

Its American based branch of the company, Futaba Corporation of America (FCA), supports the same technologies and is a leading provider of Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS) including PCB Assembly to complete box build, test and engineering design.

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CDTI Materials The American enterprise, CDTI Materials, focuses on providing vehicle emissions control systems for heavy duty and light duty diesel pollution control. It was founded in 1995 and is now based at California, United States. It is a global supplier of breakthrough technology across all catalysts market.

It uniquely develops technology and materials that incorporate engineered base metals to support and enhance catalytic performance. Scientific application of its materials result in stable, robust performance and reduction in the use of costly platinum group metals.

Johnson Matthey  British multinational speciality chemicals and sustainable technologies company, Johnson Matthey , is headquartered at London, England. It was founded in 1817 and the current CEO of the company is Robert MacLeod.

Its vision is for a world that is cleaner and healthier today and for future generations to come. It applies its cutting-edge science to create solutions with Its customers that make a real difference to the world around it.

Umicore  Umicore is a multinational materials technology company founded in 1989 and is settled at multinational materials technology company Brussels, Belgium. It reduces harmful emissions, power the vehicles and technologies of the future, and give new life to used metals. Its sustainable value creation is based on an ambition to develop, produce and recycle materials in a way that fulfils our mission: materials for a better life.

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Verified Market Research is a leading Global Research and Consulting firm that has been providing advanced analytical research solutions, custom consulting and in-depth data analysis for 10+ years to individuals and companies alike that are looking for accurate, reliable and up to date research data and technical consulting. VMR offers insights into strategic and growth analyses, Data necessary to achieve corporate goals and help make critical revenue decisions.

Our research studies help our clients make superior data-driven decisions, understand market forecasts, capitalize on future opportunities and optimize efficiency by working as their partner to deliver accurate and valuable information. The industries we cover span over a large spectrum including Technology, Chemicals, Manufacturing, Energy, Food and Beverages, Automotive, Robotics, Packaging, Construction, Mining & Gas. Etc.

We, at Verified Market Research assist in understanding holistic market indicating factors and most current and future market trends. Our analysts, with their high expertise in data gathering and governance, utilize industry techniques to collate and examine data at all stages. They are trained to combine modern data collection techniques, superior research methodology, subject expertise and years of collective experience to produce informative and accurate research.

Having serviced over 5000+ clients, we have provided reliable market research services to more than 100 Global Fortune 500 companies such as Amazon, Dell, IBM, Shell, Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Siemens, Microsoft, Sony and Hitachi. We have co-consulted with some of the world’s leading consulting firms like McKinsey & Company, Boston Consulting Group, Bain and Company for custom research and consulting projects for businesses worldwide.

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[vasthiengineeringsworld]

Flue Gas Analyzer

OMGA-2000 Flue Gas Analyzer is a highly integrated single-flange gas monitoring equipment,of which,core detection module adopts Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) and Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) gas absorption technology with independent intellectual property rights.The specially designed measuring cell effectively improves optical path length for gas absorption,which can measure trace gas accurately inside pipeline

OMGA-2000 can be widely applied in online gas monitoring occasions including denitrification device,boiler flue and exhaust detection,etc.One equipment can realize online monitoring for multiple gas components ,such as CO,CO2,SO2,NO,NO2,etc.

[iarafoschino]

It is crucial for me as an ethical vegan to also share a few facts on the destruction that animal farming causes to our environment, habitat and climate that leads to be the third leading cause of #climatechange ✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨As the human appetite for meat,dairy and eggs increased over the years, so did our dependence on animal farming system that has livestock as its core commodity ✨To feed billions of humans leads to livestock not become a short-term commitment, as for farmers requires animals to be raised over months or years before they are ready to be slaughtered for meat and raised for to produce milk or eggs that require them to be alive for longer ✨These animals were brought here artificially and their products are all artificially inseminated, which is horrific pain for them and requires a tremendous amount of livestock feed, resulting over 40% arable land on the planet✨Our forests and biodiversity are paying a high price for this✨In 2012 there was nearly 800 million acres of forest in the U.S. ✨✨Currently, 260 million acres of US forests have been clear-cut to create land used to produce livestock feed, and 92% of the #amazon rainforest deforestation is attributed to animal meat and crops to feed livestock ✨The same amount of land to produce 1.000 quarter -pound hamburgers patties per acre we can produce with the same size of land 50,000 pounds of tomatoes, over 40,000 pounds of potatoes, 30,000 pounds of carrots or 20,000 pounds of apples .✨ The evidences on the whole from this illogical system destruction to our ecosystems and climate is undeniable ✨Going #vegan is the biggest single way we can do to diminish our carbon foot print . A vegan lifestyle occupy much less land saving trees, water, soil, emitting much less greenhouses methane and No2 .✨#whyvegan #veganfortheanimals #veganfortheplanet #vegansofig #govegan #climatecrisis #sustainability #vegansofnj #vegansofnewjersey #vegansofnewyork #animalfarming https://www.instagram.com/p/B75Y4MDh7Ki/?igshid=ttl0s2nhtjgk

[eagledriverpcb-blog]

Defouling and pitting technology of rigid  flexible printed circuit board

To drill the dirt and pitting is just after the flexible printed circuit board nc drilling, chemical plating of copper or copper plating directly in front of an important working procedure, just flexible printed circuit board to achieve reliable electrical interconnection, just flexible printed circuit board must be combined with its special materials, polyimide materials for its main body and the characteristics of acrylic acid is not resistant to strong alkali, choose suitable to drill and pitting.There are two kinds of technology of defouling and pitting technology of rigid flexible printed circuit board: wet method and dry method.

The wet drilling and defouling and pitting technology of rigid flexible printed circuit board consists of the following three steps:

1. Swelling (also called swelling treatment).The surface area that can be oxidized can be increased by softening the pore wall substrate with alcohol ether bentonite, which can be easily oxidized. Generally, butylcarbiol is used to make the pore wall substrate dissolve and expand. 

2. Oxidation.The purpose is to clean the hole wall and adjust the charge of the hole wall.

(1) concentrated sulfuric acid method: because concentrated sulfuric acid has strong oxidation and water absorption, most of the resin can be carbonized and form water-soluble alkyl sulfonates to be removed. The reaction formula is as follows: CmH2nOn+H2SO4--mC+nH2O perforated wall resin drilling pollution effect is related to concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid, treatment time and solution temperature.The concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid used for the removal of drilling dirt shall not be less than 86% and 20-40 seconds at room temperature.Concentrated sulfuric acid only works on resin, but is not effective for glass fiber. After concentrated sulfuric acid is used to concave the hole wall, there will be glass fiber head protruding, which needs to be treated with fluoride (such as ammonium fluoride or hydrofluoric acid).When using fluoride to treat prominent glass fiber heads, technological conditions should also be controlled to prevent core absorption due to excessive corrosion of glass fiber. The general process is as follows:

- H2SO4:10%

NH4HF2:5-10 g/l

Temperature 30 ℃ in time: 3 to 5 minutes

According to this method of punch after just - flexible printed circuit board to drill the dirt and pitting, and then the hole metallization, through metallographic analysis, found the inner drilling sewage didn't go to complete, lead to low copper layer and hole wall adhesion, thermal stress experiment in metallographic analysis for this (288 ℃, 10 + 1 second), the hole wall copper layer falls off and cause the inner circuit.

In addition, ammonium hydrogen fluoride or hydrofluoric acid have great toxicity, wastewater treatment is very difficult.What's more, polyimide is inert in concentrated sulfuric acid, so this method is not suitable for drilling, cleaning and pitting of rigid-flexible printed circuit board.

(2) the chromate method: because of chromic acid has strong oxidizing, its erosion ability is strong, so it can make the hole wall polymer material long chain disconnected, and oxidation and sulfurization, generated in the surface more hydrophilic groups, such as carbonyl (- C = O), hydroxyl (OH), sulfonic group (- SO3H), etc., so as to improve its hydrophilicity, adjust the hole wall charges, and to remove the purpose of the wall of hole drilling sewage and pitting.The general process formula is as follows:

Chromic anhydride CrO3:400 g/l

H2SO4:350 g/l sulphate

Temperature: 50 to 60 ℃ time: 10-15 min

According to this method, the rigid-flexible printed circuit board after drilling is defouled and corroded, and then the hole is metallized. The metallized hole is analyzed in metallography and tested in thermal stress.

Therefore, chromic acid method is also suitable for drilling, cleaning and pitting of rigid-flexible printed circuit boards. For small enterprises, this method is very suitable, simple and easy to operate.

(3) basic potassium permanganate method:At present, a lot of PCB manufacturers because of a lack of professional technology, still follow rigid multilayer printed circuit board is to drill the dirt and pitting technology - alkaline potassium permanganate to handle just - flexible printed circuit board, the method to remove resin after drilling sewage, at the same time can make its surface etching resin surface produce small bumpy small holes, in order to improve the adhesion strength of coating and the substrate of hole wall, under high temperature and high alkali environment, swelling of the resin can be removed using potassium permanganate oxidation drilling sewage, the system is work for the general rigid laminated, but for just - flexible printed circuit board does not adapt,Because polyimide, the main insulating base material of the rigid-flexible printed circuit board, is not resistant to alkaline, it needs to swell or even dissolve a little in alkaline solution, especially in high temperature and alkaline environment.If this method is adopted, even if the rigid-flexible printed circuit board is not scrapped at that time, the reliability of the equipment using the rigid-flexible printed circuit board will be greatly reduced in the future.

3. Neutralization.After oxidation treatment, the substrate must be cleaned and clean to prevent contamination of the activated solution in the later process. For this reason, it must go through the process of neutralization and reduction.

At present, the popular dry method at home and abroad is plasma decontamination and pitting technology.Plasma is used in the production of rigid-flexible printed circuit board, which is mainly used for drilling and cleaning the hole wall and surface modification of the hole wall.The reaction can be looked at is a highly active state of plasma with the hole wall polymer materials and glass fiber of gas and solid phase chemical reaction, the generated gas products and reaction of particles are not drain the process of vacuum pump, is a dynamic process of chemical reaction equilibrium. According to the first polymer materials used in the flexible printed circuit board usually choose N2, O2, the CF4, gas was fed as raw gas. The N2 have the effect of clean vacuum and preheating.

The schematic expression of plasma chemical reaction of O2+CF4 mixed gas is:

O2 + CF4O + OF + CO + COF package + + e - + F....

[plasma]

Due to the acceleration of electric field, it becomes a highly active particle and collides with O and F particles, resulting in high activity free radicals of oxygen and fluorine, etc., which react with polymer materials as follows:

[C, H, O, N] + [O+OF+CF3+CO+F+...]The CO2 + HF + H2O + NO2 +...

The reaction of plasma and glass fiber is:

SiO2 + [O + OF + CF3 + CO + + F...SiF4 + CO2 + CaL

At this point, we have realized the plasma treatment of the printed circuit board.

It is worth noting that the carbonylation reaction between O in atomic state and c-h and C=C leads to the addition of polar groups on the polymer bonds and the improvement of the surface hydrophilicity of polymer materials.

The rigid - flexible printed circuit board treated by O2+CF4 plasma and then treated with O2 plasma can not only improve the wettability (hydrophilicity) of the pore wall, but also remove the reaction.The finished sediments and incomplete intermediates.After the treatment of the rigid-flexible printed circuit board with direct electroplating, the metallized hole was analyzed in metallographic analysis and thermal stress test using plasma technology to drill dirt and cavitation, and the results fully met the gjb962a-32 standard.

In conclusion, both dry method and wet method can achieve the purpose of defouling and concave etching of the rigid-flexible interconnect motherboard if the proper method is chosen according to the characteristics of the main material of the system.

jackie from china Eagle Driver PCB,providing 1-50 layers PCB,High quality: Blind/Buried Hole Board, High Tg Thick Copper PCB, Mix- Material Multilayer PCB, Flexi-rigid Board, Flexible Board, Metal Core Board...Skype and E-mail:jackie@eagle-driver.com