#Monument Valley III

[panzertron]

Monument Valley 3 — Release Date Trailer | gamescom 2024

[antiquitiesandlabyrinths]

Ramses I

Ramses the I is usually somewhat overlooked, partially due to being overshadowed by his eventual successors and namesakes, Ramses II and Ramses III, the former of which is considered to be 'Ramses the Great', and both of which achieved great things in the realm of battle and buildings. Also unfortunate for Ramses I is the length of his reign, which while disputed, is considered to have been relatively short.

Menpehtyre Ramses, born of Seti, started and was the first Pharaoh of the 19th dynasty of Egypt, and the dates of his reign are generally considered to be around 1292–1290 BC or 1295–1294 BC. However, he was born as a common man, and his father, Seti, was a military commander. Originally, Ramses I's name was Pa-ra-messu, and he eventually grew to succeed his father's rank in the military. Due to this, he became a close confidant with the Pharaoh of the time, the Pharaoh Horemheb.

You may know Horemheb as being one of the main successors of the throne after Tutankhamun's death which, to my knowledge, is wrapped in a little bit of a mystery, but was likely due to genetic malformations from his many diseases. Ay and Horemheb, the Grand Vizier and the General of Armies (respectively), held the main power of the country while Tutankhamun was Pharaoh. This was a time of turmoil––the country was just recovering from the reign of the heretic Akhenaten, who had banned religious worship of any God but the Aten, and essentially attempted to enforce monotheism upon a culture that had been polytheistic for thousands of years previously. Akhenaten had also severely neglected Egypt's relationship with foreign powers. Obviously, people weren't very happy with Akhenaten, and I think it likely they were not fond of Akhenaten's son, Tutankhamun, either. But Tutankhamun, with the help of his advisors and of Ay and Horemheb, reversed many of his heretic father's commands and laws. But Tutankhamun still sailed to the west at the age of 19. He had two baby girls, but neither of them survived past infancy. He had no successors, so Ay took the throne, and then Horemheb.

Horemheb enacted many more reformations to remove Akhenaten's efforts to change Egypt. He tore down the statues of Akhenaten and his monuments, reusing the stone in monuments and temples of his own. He also reused the monuments built for Ay and Tutankhamun, though this was a common practice in Egypt. But Horemheb had no surviving sons, so when it came time for Horemheb to pass on and appoint a new Pharaoh, his Grand Vizier took his place; Paramessu, who would take the name Ramesses I, meaning "Ra has fashioned Him". Ramses I was nearly 50 years old when he ascended to the throne. It was a remarkable age to become Pharaoh, as at this time, he would've already been considered elderly.

What little he did during his life was later completed by his son and successor, Seti I. He himself accomplished mainly one thing, which was to send additions to the garrison at Aswan, the border between Egypt and Nubia; though he also led a military expedition into west Asia and reopened turquoise mines in the Sinai. But the most remarkable things are the ones he didn't complete himself, such as additions to the Karnak temple complex in east Thebes, known as Waset at the time. He ordered to be carved great reliefs into the second pylon of the Karnak temple, which is a massive gateway that one sees relatively soon upon entering the complex. In Abydos, he began construction of a chapel and a temple, but it would have to be completed by his son, as Menpehtyre Ramses died in either the year of 1290 or 1294. His reign was so short that he had very little time to schedule or complete any great monuments, and even his tomb was rushed to be completed, and he was hastily buried in the Valley of the Kings. This rush unfortunately led to a great deal of errors being made in the paintings upon his sarcophagus. Later, however, Ramses I's son, Seti I, finished the chapel in honor of his father, with beautiful carvings and reliefs at Abydos.

His tomb was robbed thoroughly. By the time archaeologists got to it, all that remained were two six-foot tall (1.8 meters) wooden guardian statues who once had gold-foil skin, statuettes of Gods from the underworld, and the massive granite coffin which no longer carried its' owner. Menpehtyre Ramses had been taken to the Royal Cache, located above Hatshepsut's mortuary temple to the southeast. It was the tomb of the pharaoh Amenhotep II, but repurposed to be a protective place for the mummies of many Pharaohs and Queens, as most of the tombs of the Valley of the Kings had become victims of graverobbers. These protective actions were taken by the High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem II, in the 21st Dynasty.

Unfortunately this did not stop the usurping of Ramses I's body. He was stolen by the Abu-Rassul family of grave-robbers and sold by a Turkish vice-consular agent named Mustapha Aga Ayat in Luxor to a man named Dr. James Douglas. Douglas brought Ramses I to the US around the year of 1860, where he was placed in a museum in Niagara Falls with little information known about him. All that was speculated was that he was 'a Prince of Egypt'. Ownership of the museum, and thus of Ramses I, was passed through several hands, but his importance was only recognized with the help of the Canadian Egyptologist Gayle Gibson. Fortunately, in the year 2003, October 24, Menpehtyre Ramses was returned to his homeland of Egypt, and is now resting in the Mummification Museum in Luxor, Upper Egypt.

[dreaminginthedeepsouth]

Nick Anderson

* * * * *

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

January 6, 2024

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON

JAN 7, 2024

Today, three years to the day after the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol to prevent the counting of the electoral ballots that would make Democrat Joe Biden president, officers from the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested three fugitives wanted in connection with that attack. 

Siblings Jonathan and Olivia Pollock, whose family owns Rapture Guns and Knives, described on its Facebook page as a “christian owned Gun and Knife store” in Lakeland, Florida, and Joseph Hutchinson III, who once worked there, are suspected of some of the worst violence of January 6. The FBI had offered a $30,000 reward for “Jonny” Pollock, while the other two had been arrested but removed their ankle bracelets in March 2023 and fled. 

Family members of the fugitives and of other Lakeland residents arrested for their involvement in the January 6 attack on the Capitol insist their relatives are innocent, framed by a government eager to undermine their way of life. The Pollock family has gone so far as to erect a monument “in honor of the ones who lost their lives on January 6, 2021.” 

But it does not honor the law enforcement officers who were killed or injured. It honors the insurrectionists: Ashli Babbitt, shot by a law enforcement officer as she tried to break into the House Chamber through a smashed window (her family today sued the government for $30 million for wrongful death), and three others, one who died of a stroke; one of a heart attack, and one of an amphetamine overdose. 

The monument in Lakeland, Florida, is a stark contrast to the one President Biden visited yesterday in Pennsylvania. Valley Forge National Park is the site of the six-month winter encampment of the Continental Army in the hard winter of 1777–1778. After the British army captured the city of Philadelphia in September 1777, General George Washington settled 12,000 people of his army about 18 miles to the northwest. 

There the army almost fell apart. Supply chains were broken as the British captured food or it spoiled in transit to the soldiers, and wartime inflation meant the Continental Congress did not appropriate enough money for food and clothing. Hunger and disease stalked the camp, but even worse was the lack of clothing. More than 1,000 soldiers died, and about eight or ten deserted every day. Washington warned the president of the Continental Congress that the men were close to mutiny. 

Even if they didn’t quit, they weren’t very well organized for an army charged with resisting one of the greatest military forces on the globe. The different units had been trained with different field manuals, making it hard to coordinate movements, and a group of army officers were working with congressmen to replace Washington, complaining about how he was prosecuting the war.  

By February 1778, though, things were falling into place. A delegation from the Continental Congress had visited Valley Forge and understood that the lack of supplies made the army, and thus the country, truly vulnerable, and they set out to reform the supply department. Then a newly arrived Prussian officer, Baron Friedrich von Steuben, drilled the soldiers into unity and better morale. And then, in May, the soldiers learned that France had signed a treaty with the American states in February, lending money, matériel, and men to the cause of American independence. When the soldiers broke camp in June, they marched out ready to take on the British at the Battle of Monmouth, where their new training paid off as they held their own against the British soldiers.

The January 6 insurrectionists were fond of claiming they were echoing these American revolutionaries who created the new nation in the 1770s. The right-wing Proud Boys’ strategic plan for taking over buildings in the Capitol complex on January 6 was titled: “1776 Returns,” and even more famously, newly elected representative Lauren Boebert (R-CO) wrote on January 5, 2021: “Remember these next 48 hours. These are some of the most important days in American history.” On January 6, she wrote: “Today is 1776.”

Trump has repeatedly called those January 6 insurrectionists “patriots.” 

Biden yesterday called Trump out for “trying to steal history the same way he tried to steal the election.”  

Indeed. The insurrectionists at the Capitol were not patriots. They were trying to overthrow the government in order to take away the right at the center of American democracy: our right to determine our own destiny. Commemorating them as heroes is the 21st century’s version of erecting Confederate statues.

The January 6th insurrectionists were nothing like the community at Valley Forge, made up of people who had offered up their lives to support a government pledged, however imperfectly in that era, to expanding that right. When faced with hunger, disease, and discord, that community��which was made up not just of a remarkably diverse set of soldiers from all 13 colonies, including Black and Indigenous men, but also of their families and the workers, enslaved and free, who came with them—worked together to build a force that could establish a nation based in the idea of freedom.  

The people at the Capitol on January 6 who followed in the footsteps of those who were living in the Valley Forge encampment 246 years ago were not the rioters. They were the people who defended our right to live under a government in which we have a say: those like the staffers who delayed their evacuation of the Capitol to save the endangered electoral ballots, and like U.S. Capitol Police officers Eugene Goodman, Harry Dunn, Caroline Edwards, and Aquilino Gonell and Metropolitan Police officer Michael Fanone, along with the more than 140 officers injured that day. 

Fanone, whom rioters beat and tasered, giving him a traumatic brain injury and a heart attack, yesterday told Emily Ngo, Jeff Coltin, and Nick Reisman of Politico: “I think it’s important that every institution in this country, every American, take the responsibility of upholding democracy seriously. And everyone needs to be doing everything that they can to ensure that a.) Donald Trump does not succeed and b.) the MAGA movement is extinguished.”

Unlike the violence of the January 6th insurrectionists, the experience of the people at Valley Forge is etched deep into our national identity as a symbol of the sacrifice and struggle Americans have made to preserve and renew democracy. It is so central to who we are that we have commemorated it in myths and monuments and have projected into the future that its meaning will always remain at the heart of America. According to The Star Trek Encyclopedia, the Federation Excelsior-class starship USS Valley Forge will still be fighting in the 24th century… against the Dominion empire.

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON

[crushcandles]

You've posted some lovely recs over the last few months. Do you have any kind of music recs or genres that you like listening to and share some favorites?

rec: crushcandles' taste in music

Funny how this works: I'm quite comfortable talking about things I like or don't like many manner of media, film, TV, fiction, but talking about the music I like really riles my vulnerability up, which is very novel and tender.

Worth noting, I'm mostly stuck in 2006 for music. I do almost nothing to keep up with current music, aside from checking in periodically on a handful of specific artists. Everything else new is just random chance that it finds me or the good work of a reccer.

Music is really seasonal to me, so for these spring churning into summer days, it's been a mix of Joanna Newsom's Ys, Sufjan Steven's Javelin, the Monument Valley 2 soundtrack, and Miike Snow's iii. As summer settles in, Orville Peck's Bronco, Animal Collective's Merriweather Post Pavilion and We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank by Modest Mouse will take over the rotation.  

To speak of new-to-me music, the best discovery I've made in the last few years, is how, if you search on youtube any person, place, thing, scenario, or emotion + lofi, you will get a video or playlist, and it might just be fantastic. From there you can go down the rabbit hole of the algorithm and find all kinds of cool things. This response is so long, but I'd be happy to rec some music from youtube I've found that I love if anyone is interested.

[lahilden]

Chateau de Montresor

Château de Montrésor is located in the village of Montrésor in the department of Indre-et-Loire, France. Built for defense in the 11th century by Foulques Nerra, the medieval castle is set on a rocky promontory overlooking the Indrois Valley. In the 12th century, the castle fell into the hands of King Henry II of England, and the entrance towers were built, along with a north curtain wall. In 1188, King Philip Augustus of France retook the castle from the English. The Castle was demolished in 1203 and rebuilt in 1393 for Jean Iv de Bueil, who added an enclosure wall, the gatehouse, and existing outbuildings. Due to the royal court spending time at the castle during the 15th century, Imbert de Batarnay purchased the castle and built a residence inside the feudal enclosure, but only the main wing remains. The castle has a long history with different leading families in residence, but its prominence began to decline during The French Revolution. The castle chapel and west wing were demolished by the Gonsan family in 1845 and then restored in 1849 by Count Xavier Branicki. He was a wealthy Polish immigrant exiled from his country and a friend of Napoleon III. The Branicki family descendants still own the estate. The structure combines vestiges from the 11th century fortress and the Renaissance castle built in the 15th century. The fortress has a double enclosure wall surrounding the keep. The keep has corner towers, a 12th century gate tower, and a parapet. The interior boasts an 1855 spiral staircase, a grand salon with a piano where Chopin composed a waltz, a Renaissance-designed dining room, an Italian boudoir, a collection of French and English 19th century firearms, 16th – 19th century weapons, and artworks from the Renaissance and Middle Ages. In 1996, the French Ministry of Culture listed the castle as a historical monument. Château de Montrésor is open to the public for tours.

[aloneinstitute]

Olite Castle (Palacio Real de Olite), Navarre, Spain 🏰🇪🇸

The Royal Castle of Olite (Palacio Real de Olite) is a former castle of the kings of Navarre, situated in northern Spain.

Olite castle symbolizes the unique character of the Navarre monarchy in the late medieval period, open to Europe through its interests in France and in contact with the other kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula.

The first castle, designated the ‘palace of the kings of Navarre’ in 13th-century documents, had been laid out at an unknown date on the site of a Roman praetorium of the 1st century AD; only its outer walls survive, with some Roman foundations, now incorporating the Parador de Turismo.

Olite castle served as a residence for the governors during the kings’ long absences in France, but with the accession of the Evreux dynasty (1328) it became a favourite royal seat, owing to its pleasant climate and position in a rich wooded valley with abundant hunting.

Queen Joanna II (1328–1349) and King Philip III of Evreux (1328–1343), followed by Charles II (1349–1387), all made some improvements to the old castle, but it was during the reign of Charles III (1387–1425) and his wife Eleanor of Castile that this nucleus was expanded, with the construction of new ranges in the space behind the 13th-century church of S María. For this work, begun in April 1399 and continuing, with some interruptions, until 1420, Charles assembled artists of widespread origins.

Many of the painters were from Catalonia, working initially under Master Enrique and then in the second decade of the 15th century under Juan de Laguardia; French artists such as Jacob le Conte and Juan du Ruisel collaborated on the decoration; glass painters came from Aragon and Flanders; and Moors from Tudela were engaged on plasterwork, carpentry and tiled decoration.

The irregular plan of Olite reflects its construction in stages, as the wishes of the patrons developed. The new ranges, with halls, bedrooms, terraces and a chapel dedicated to St George, were linked to courtyards and gardens by hanging galleries and corridors; numerous towers (the keep, the Torre del Homenaje, the Torre Nueva, the Tres Coronas and Cuatro Vientos) crowned the walls, forming an elegant silhouette against the horizon . The massive walls, with only a few slit windows, accentuated the fortified character of Olite, but this was in strong contrast to the luxurious interior.

Charles’s daughter Blanche (1425–1441), wife of the future King of Aragon, John I, continued building works at Olite, and the castle again became an official residence after Navarre lost its independence to Castile in 1515.

Subsequent documents record its gradual decline, despite continual repairs. One of the towers was burnt in 1794, and in 1813, during the Peninsular War, the castle was burnt to prevent its use by the enemy ‘and its interior ruined’.

The ruins were acquired by the provincial government in 1913, and in 1925 Olite castle was declared a national monument to save it from total destruction. Restoration work, begun in 1937, is now well advanced, but although the documents give some indication of the original state, there are difficulties in achieving it.

[ozzyeelz]

Current (and past) hyperfixation list!!

This is just a little list for those on my page to know (also for me to keep track of my interests, cuz I be forgetting), and I might post from any of these fandoms lol

Undertale

Yakuza (kiwami and 0)

Team fortress 2

Mandela catalog

Monument Mythos

Mystery flesh pit national park

Minecraft

Jojo’s bizarre adventure

Stardew valley

Lupin III

Re-animator

The backrooms

The Magnus archives

Fight club

Our flag means death

What we do in the shadows

Evil Dead

D&D

Community

Metal gear solid

Marine biology

Paleontology

Supernatural

Into the spiderverse

(More to be added)

welcome to the madness!💚

[respectegypttours]

Embark on a Private Day Tour to Luxor from Cairo by Plane: Discover the Wonders of Ancient Egypt

For those looking to experience the heart of ancient Egyptian civilization in a day, a Private Day Tour to Luxor from Cairo by Plane is the ultimate way to explore one of the most historically significant cities in the world. Luxor, often referred to as the "world's greatest open-air museum," is home to iconic monuments such as the Valley of the Kings, the Karnak Temple, and the magnificent Temple of Luxor. This day tour offers the perfect blend of convenience, comfort, and a deep dive into Egypt's rich past.

Why Choose a Private Day Tour to Luxor from Cairo by Plane?

Traveling from Cairo to Luxor by plane offers an efficient and time-saving way to explore this extraordinary destination. With just a short flight, you'll be whisked away from the hustle and bustle of Cairo to the serene landscapes of Luxor, where you’ll uncover the secrets of ancient Egypt's most awe-inspiring sites.

A Private Day Tour to Luxor from Cairo by Plane is perfect for those who want a customized experience without the hassle of long travel times. Whether you're visiting for the first time or returning to explore new corners of Luxor, this tour guarantees an unforgettable journey through Egypt’s past.

Key Highlights of the Luxor Day Tour

Your private day tour to Luxor includes visits to some of the most famous landmarks, each offering a glimpse into the grandeur of ancient Egyptian civilization. Here's what you can expect to see:

1. Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world and is home to the tombs of many pharaohs, including the legendary Tutankhamun. As you explore this vast necropolis, you’ll walk in the footsteps of ancient rulers and discover the intricately decorated tombs, filled with hieroglyphics and depictions of the afterlife.

2. Temple of Karnak

The Karnak Temple is the largest religious complex ever built in Egypt and one of the most impressive sites in Luxor. This awe-inspiring temple dedicated to the Theban triad—Amun, Mut, and Khonsu—boasts towering columns, massive statues, and sacred lakes, offering a glimpse into the power and grandeur of ancient Egyptian religion.

3. Temple of Luxor

Located on the east bank of the Nile, the Temple of Luxor is another masterpiece of ancient Egyptian architecture. Known for its colossal statues of Ramses II, its grand entrance, and the majestic Avenue of Sphinxes leading to Karnak, this temple remains a symbol of Luxor’s cultural significance. Don't forget to take time to admire the beautiful evening lighting that makes the temple even more magical.

4. Colossi of Memnon

The Colossi of Memnon are two enormous statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III that have stood guard over the entrance to his mortuary temple for over 3,000 years. These massive statues are a symbol of ancient Egyptian power and are one of Luxor’s most iconic landmarks.

5. The Temple of Hatshepsut

The Temple of Hatshepsut is one of the most remarkable monuments of ancient Egypt, dedicated to the only female pharaoh of Egypt. Carved into the cliffs of Deir el-Bahari, the temple is a stunning example of Egyptian architecture and is surrounded by impressive statues and reliefs depicting Hatshepsut’s reign.

Why Book a Private Day Tour to Luxor by Plane?

A Private Day Tour to Luxor from Cairo by Plane offers several advantages over traditional bus tours:

Time-Efficient: With a short flight from Cairo to Luxor, you’ll maximize your time at the sites, allowing you to explore Luxor’s treasures in depth.

Customized Experience: A private tour gives you the flexibility to explore the sites at your own pace. Whether you prefer to spend extra time at a particular temple or move quickly through certain areas, the tour is tailored to your preferences.

Comfort and Convenience: Skip the crowds and enjoy personalized service from your private guide, ensuring a stress-free and enriching experience.

Luxury and Exclusivity: The private nature of this tour offers a level of comfort and exclusivity that enhances your visit, making it a special and memorable experience.

Practical Tips for Your Private Day Tour to Luxor

Start Early: To make the most of your time in Luxor, it's best to begin the day early. Your flight will depart from Cairo in the morning, giving you plenty of time to explore the key sites before returning in the evening.

Dress Comfortably: Luxor can get quite hot, so wear comfortable clothing and sturdy shoes suitable for walking. Be sure to also bring a hat and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun.

Capture the Memories: Luxor offers countless photo opportunities, from the towering statues of the Valley of the Kings to the majestic pillars of Karnak. Don’t forget your camera to capture the timeless beauty of the ancient world.

Hydrate: The heat can be intense, especially in the summer, so make sure to stay hydrated throughout the day.

Book Your Private Day Tour to Luxor Today

If you’re ready to discover the magic of ancient Egypt, the Private Day Tour to Luxor from Cairo by Plane is the perfect choice. This exclusive, time-efficient tour ensures you get to experience the best of Luxor in a single day, all while enjoying the comfort of a personalized, private tour.

For more information and to book your unforgettable adventure, visit Egypt Tours - Private Day Tour to Luxor from Cairo by Plane. Let us take you on a journey through the timeless wonders of

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.12 (before 1970)

954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom. 1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros. 1330 – Battle of Posada ends: Wallachian Voievode Basarab I defeats the Hungarian army by ambush. 1439 – Plymouth becomes the first town incorporated by the English Parliament. 1835 – Construction is completed on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull. 1892 – Pudge Heffelfinger becomes the first professional American football player on record, participating in his first paid game for the Allegheny Athletic Association. 1893 – Abdur Rahman Khan accepts the Durand Line as the border between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the British Raj. 1905 – Norway holds a referendum resulting in popular approval of the Storting's decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly independent country. 1912 – First Balkan War: King George I of Greece makes a triumphal entry into Thessaloniki after its liberation from 482 years of Ottoman rule. 1912 – The frozen bodies of Robert Scott and his men are found on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. 1918 – Dissolution of Austria-Hungary: Austria becomes a republic. After the proclamation, a coup attempt by the communist Red Guard is defeated by the social-democratic Volkswehr. 1920 – The 1920 Cork hunger strike by Irish republicans ends after three deaths. 1920 – Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign the Treaty of Rapallo. 1927 – Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin in undisputed control of the Soviet Union. 1928 – SS Vestris sinks approximately 200 miles (320 km) off Hampton Roads, Virginia, killing at least 110 passengers, mostly women and children who die after the vessel is abandoned. 1933 – Nazi Germany uses a referendum to ratify its withdrawal from the League of Nations. 1936 – In California, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic. 1938 – Nazi Germany issues the Decree on the Elimination of Jews from Economic Life prohibiting Jews from selling goods and services or working in a trade, totally segregating Jews from the German economy. 1940 – World War II: The Battle of Gabon ends as Free French Forces take Libreville, Gabon, and all of French Equatorial Africa from Vichy French forces. 1940 – World War II: Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov arrives in Berlin to discuss the possibility of the Soviet Union joining the Axis Powers. 1941 – World War II: Temperatures around Moscow drop to −12 °C (10 °F) as the Soviet Union launches ski troops for the first time against the freezing German forces near the city. 1941 – World War II: The Soviet cruiser Chervona Ukraina is destroyed during the Battle of Sevastopol. 1942 – World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal between Japanese and American forces begins near Guadalcanal. The battle lasts for three days and ends with an American victory. 1944 – World War II: The Royal Air Force launches 29 Avro Lancaster bombers, which sink the German battleship Tirpitz, with 12,000 lb Tallboy bombs off Tromsø, Norway. 1948 – Aftermath of World War II: In Tokyo, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East sentences seven Japanese military and government officials, including General Hideki Tojo, to death for their roles in World War II. 1954 – Ellis Island ceases operations. 1956 – Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia join the United Nations. 1956 – In the midst of the Suez Crisis, Palestinian refugees are shot dead in Rafah by Israel Defense Force soldiers following the invasion of the Gaza Strip. 1958 – A team of rock climbers led by Warren Harding completes the first ascent of The Nose on El Capitan in Yosemite Valley. 1961 – Terry Jo Duperrault is the sole survivor of a series of brutal murders aboard the ketch Bluebelle. 1969 – Vietnam War: Independent investigative journalist Seymour Hersh breaks the story of the My Lai Massacre.

[egyptatours]

The Best 21 Ancient Egyptian Leaders

The Best 21 Ancient Egyptian Leaders

Ancient Egypt was home to many influential leaders who shaped its history, culture, and society. Here is a list of 21 prominent ancient Egyptian leaders, including pharaohs, queens, and notable figures:

Narmer (Menes) - Often considered the first pharaoh of unified Egypt, he is credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt around 3100 BCE.

Djoser - The pharaoh of the Third Dynasty, he is best known for commissioning the Step Pyramid at Saqqara, which is one of the earliest monumental stone buildings.

Sneferu - Founder of the Fourth Dynasty, he is recognized for his contributions to pyramid construction, including the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid.

Khufu (Cheops) - The Egyptian pharaoh responsible for the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Hatshepsut - One of the few female pharaohs, she ruled in the 15th century BCE and is known for her prosperous reign and impressive architectural projects, including her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari.

Thutmose III - Often called the "Napoleon of Egypt," he was a military genius who expanded Egypt's empire to its greatest territorial extent in the 15th century BCE.

Amenhotep III - A pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty known for his diplomatic relations, monumental building projects, and for being a patron of the arts.

Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) - A revolutionary pharaoh known for introducing monotheism with the worship of Aten, the sun disk, and for moving the capital to Akhetaten (modern Amarna).

Nefertiti - The Great Royal Wife of Akhenaten, she is renowned for her beauty, and her bust, found at Amarna, has become an iconic symbol of ancient Egypt.

Tutankhamun - The young pharaoh who is famous for his nearly intact tomb discovered in the Valley of the Kings, which provided extensive treasures and insights into ancient Egyptian culture.

Ramses II (Ramses the Great) - One of Egypt's most powerful and celebrated pharaohs, he is known for numerous military victories, monumental constructions, and an exceptionally long reign.

Cleopatra VII - The last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, she is famous for her intelligence, political acumen, and relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.

Seti I - A pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty known for his military campaigns and the construction of many impressive temples, including the Seti I Temple at Abydos.

Ramses III - The last great pharaoh of the New Kingdom, he is noted for defending Egypt against invaders like the Sea Peoples and for his extensive building projects.

Merneptah - The son of Ramses II, he is known for his military campaigns against the Libyans and for the Merneptah Stele, which contains the earliest known reference to Israel.

Siptah - A lesser-known pharaoh of the late 19th Dynasty, he faced significant challenges during his reign but is notable for his unique tomb.

Psusennes I - A pharaoh of the 21st Dynasty whose well-preserved tomb was discovered, showcasing wealth and art of the period.

Sheshonq I (Shishak) - Founder of the 22nd Dynasty, he is known for his military campaigns in the Levant and the biblical account of his attack on Jerusalem.

Taharqa - A ruler of the 25th Dynasty (Nubian dynasty), he is known for his significant building projects and for successfully defending Egypt against Assyrian invasions.

Horemheb - An important pharaoh of the late 18th Dynasty, he is recognized for his military prowess and efforts to restore order after the tumultuous Amarna period.

Ptolemy I Soter - The founder of the Ptolemaic Kingdom after the death of Alexander the Great, he established a dynasty that blended Greek and Egyptian culture.

[trastornadosrevista]

¡DRAGONFORCE vuelve después de 12 años! 

¡La legendaria banda de power metal DragonForce, originaria de la vibrante ciudad de Londres, Inglaterra, regresa a Argentina luego de 12 años, con un espectáculo inolvidable! Aclamados como la banda más rápida del mundo y conocidos por su electrizante energía en vivo, DragonForce se presentará en el Teatro Vorterix el próximo 17 de octubre de 2024.

El catalizador de su fama internacional llegó con el lanzamiento de la obra maestra, "Through the Fire and Flames", que se convirtió en el desafío definitivo para los jugadores de Guitar Hero III – Legends of Rock, consolidando su estatus como pioneros musicales.

En cada rincón del mundo, DragonForce ha ganado un ejército de seguidores dedicados, gracias a sus electrizantes y entretenidas presentaciones en vivo, impregnadas de una energía contagiosa y un humor desenfadado. 

DragonForce es aclamada por sus composiciones épicas y sus característicos solos de guitarra largos, complejos y veloces, creados por el virtuoso dúo de Herman Li y Sam Totman. Formada en 1999 a través de un anuncio clasificado, la banda ha establecido un legado musical impresionante. Su discografía, que abarca nueve álbumes de estudio, destaca la intensidad y la creatividad que han definido su carrera.

Desde el ardiente "Valley of the Damned" (2003) hasta el implacable "Sonic Firestorm" (2004), DragonForce continuó consolidando su posición en el metal con "Inhuman Rampage" (2006). El éxito continuó con "Ultra Beatdown" (2008) y el himno "The Power Within" (2012).  Sus trabajos recientes incluyen "Maximum Overload" (2014), "Reaching into Infinity" (2017), el electrizante "Extreme Power Metal" (2019) y el último y más monumental disco "Warp Speed Warriors" (2024) .

Cada álbum refleja su fusión única de pegadizos coros de estilo rock de los 80, melodías edificantes y letras inspiradas en el power metal, evocando una sensación de grandeza triunfante en cada nota.

La banda lleva su nuevo show alrededor del mundo, y en esta gira, presentarán su nuevo álbum que podrás escuchar en vivo el 17 de octubre en el Teatro Vorterix de Buenos Aires.

Entradas a la venta en All Access 3 cuotas sin interés con tarjetas de crédito de todos los bancos

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UPSC Syllabus: An In-Depth Guide for Aspirants

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Civil Services Examination (CSE) is one of India’s most prestigious and challenging exams, with a syllabus that covers a broad spectrum of subjects. Understanding the syllabus thoroughly is crucial for effective preparation. This article provides a comprehensive guide to navigating the UPSC syllabus, offering insights into key areas and practical tips for aspirants.

1. Structure of the UPSC Examination

The UPSC CSE is structured into three stages, each with its own distinct syllabus and format:

Preliminary Examination (Prelims): This stage consists of two objective-type papers:

General Studies Paper I: Focuses on Indian and World Geography, History, Polity, Economy, Environment, and Current Affairs.

General Studies Paper II (CSAT): Tests aptitude skills, including comprehension, logical reasoning, and problem-solving abilities.

Main Examination (Mains): This stage includes nine papers:

Essay Paper: Tests the ability to articulate and develop ideas on a given topic.

General Studies Papers I-IV: Cover History, Geography, Polity, Economy, Environment, and Ethics.

Optional Subject Papers I & II: Focus on a subject chosen by the candidate from a list of optional subjects.

Qualifying Papers: Include one paper each in English and a regional language to test basic language proficiency.

Interview (Personality Test): Assesses the candidate’s suitability for a career in civil services through a face-to-face interaction with a panel.

2. Detailed Breakdown of the Syllabus

General Studies Paper I:

History:

Ancient History: Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Period, Mauryan Empire, Post-Mauryan Empires.

Medieval History: Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Regional States.

Modern History: British Expansion, Freedom Struggle, Independence Movement, Post-Independence consolidation.

Geography:

Physical Geography: Earth’s structure, landforms, climate, and vegetation.

Human Geography: Population distribution, migration patterns, urbanization.

Indian Geography: Natural resources, environmental challenges, and regional disparities.

Culture:

Indian Art and Culture including architecture, music, dance, and literature.

Historical monuments and their significance.

General Studies Paper II:

Polity:

Indian Constitution: Framework, Fundamental Rights, Duties, and Directive Principles.

Union and State Government Structure: Powers, responsibilities, and functions.

Judiciary and Legal System: Structure, functions, and significant judicial decisions.

Governance:

E-Governance: Digital initiatives and their impact.

Public Policy and Administration: Key policies, administrative reforms, and governance challenges.

International Relations:

Bilateral Relations: India’s relations with major countries.

Multilateral Organizations: UN, WTO, IMF, World Bank, and their roles.

Global Issues: Climate change, terrorism, and international conflicts.

General Studies Paper III:

Economic Development:

Indian Economy: Economic planning, growth, poverty, and employment.

Budget and Economic Survey: Key highlights and their implications.

Environment:

Ecology and Biodiversity: Conservation efforts, environmental policies.

Climate Change: Impacts and mitigation strategies.

Science and Technology:

Recent Developments: Innovations in space technology, information technology, and their implications for governance.

Science in Everyday Life: Application of scientific principles in daily activities.

General Studies Paper IV:

Ethics:

Ethical Theories: Fundamental ethical concepts and their application in public life.

Case Studies: Real-life scenarios to assess ethical decision-making.

Integrity and Aptitude:

Public Service Values: Role of integrity and accountability in civil services.

Emotional Intelligence: Importance in leadership and administration.

Optional Subjects:

Candidates can choose from a wide range of optional subjects, which often align with their academic background or interests. The syllabus for these subjects is more specialized and requires an in-depth understanding of the chosen field.

3. Practical Tips for Syllabus Mastery

Create a Study Plan: Break down the syllabus into manageable sections and allocate specific times for each topic.

Use Standard Textbooks: Refer to recommended books and materials to cover the syllabus comprehensively.

Regular Revision: Regularly review and revise topics to reinforce learning and ensure retention.

Practice Previous Papers: Solve past question papers and take mock tests to familiarize yourself with the exam pattern and improve time management skills.

Stay Updated: Keep abreast of current affairs and integrate them with your preparation to stay relevant.

4. Conclusion

Mastering the UPSC syllabus requires a strategic approach, meticulous planning, and consistent effort. By understanding the detailed content areas and employing effective study techniques, aspirants can enhance their preparation and improve their chances of success. Remember, the key to excelling in the UPSC examination lies in thorough knowledge, analytical skills, and the ability to apply concepts effectively.

[hotnew-pt]

'Borderlands 4', 'Mafia the Old Country' e 'Monument Valley III' anunciados na noite de abertura #ÚltimasNotícias #França

Hot News Desde 2019, a Gamescom Cologne, principal feira europeia de videojogos, abre com uma cerimónia transmitida online durante a qual são revelados alguns dos jogos que serão notícia nos próximos meses. Um evento que ganha mais importância a cada ano à medida que a Gamescom se estabelece, no mundo pós-pandemia da Covid-19, como uma das feiras mais populares do setor. Pequena antologia de…

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Journey Through Ancient History: Luxor Tours

Explore the Wonders of Luxor in a Day

Luxor, often referred to as the world's greatest open-air museum, is a city rich in history and culture. Located in Upper Egypt, Luxor is home to some of the most magnificent ancient Egyptian monuments and temples. Luxor tours offer an unforgettable experience, allowing you to explore the treasures of ancient Egypt in just one day. Here’s your guide to the best Luxor tours.

Why Choose Luxor Tours?

Luxor tours are ideal for travelers who want to delve into the heart of ancient Egyptian civilization. Here’s why these tours are a fantastic option:

Historical Significance: Luxor is home to some of the most important and well-preserved archaeological sites in Egypt.

Expert Guides: Enjoy the insights and knowledge of professional guides who bring ancient history to life.

Comprehensive Itineraries: Luxor tours are carefully planned to cover all the major attractions in a single day.

Top Attractions on Luxor Tours

The Valley of the Kings

One of the highlights of any Luxor tour is a visit to the Valley of the Kings. This ancient burial ground is the final resting place of many New Kingdom pharaohs, including the famous tomb of Tutankhamun. Explore the intricately decorated tombs, each adorned with detailed hieroglyphics and paintings that depict scenes from the afterlife.

The Temple of Karnak

The Temple of Karnak is one of the largest religious buildings ever constructed. This sprawling temple complex, dedicated to the god Amun, is a must-see on any Luxor tour. Wander through the impressive hypostyle hall, marvel at the massive columns, and discover the various chapels and sanctuaries within the complex. The sheer scale and grandeur of Karnak are truly awe-inspiring.

The Temple of Luxor

Located in the heart of the city, the Temple of Luxor is another must-visit site. This temple was built by Amenhotep III and later expanded by Ramses II. The temple complex is beautifully preserved, featuring towering statues, obelisks, and intricate carvings. A guided tour will provide fascinating insights into the temple's history and significance.

The Colossi of Memnon

Standing at the entrance to the Theban Necropolis, the Colossi of Memnon are two massive statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. These towering figures have stood for over 3,400 years and are a testament to the grandeur of ancient Egyptian sculpture. Stop by to admire these impressive statues and learn about their historical context.

The Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

The Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut is one of the most unique architectural masterpieces in Egypt. Built into the cliffs of Deir el-Bahari, this temple was constructed by Queen Hatshepsut, one of Egypt’s few female pharaohs. The temple’s terraces, colonnades, and statues make it a fascinating site to explore, and the views from the top are breathtaking.

Additional Experiences on Luxor Tours

Hot Air Balloon Ride

For a truly unforgettable experience, consider adding a hot air balloon ride to your Luxor tour. Soar above the city at sunrise and enjoy panoramic views of the temples, tombs, and the Nile River. This serene and breathtaking experience offers a unique perspective on Luxor’s ancient sites.

Felucca Ride on the Nile

End your day with a relaxing felucca ride on the Nile River. These traditional wooden sailboats provide a peaceful way to take in the scenic beauty of Luxor from the water. Enjoy the gentle breeze and stunning sunset views as you sail along the river.

Planning Your Luxor Tour

Best Time to Visit

The best time for Luxor tours is from October to April, when the weather is cooler and more pleasant. During this period, you can comfortably explore the outdoor sites without the intense heat of the summer months.

Practical Tips

Dress Comfortably: Wear light, breathable clothing and comfortable shoes, as you will be walking and exploring various sites.

Stay Hydrated: Carry a water bottle to stay hydrated, especially if you’re visiting during the warmer months.

Bring Essentials: Don’t forget essentials like sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from the sun.

Choosing the Right Tour Operator

Selecting a reliable tour operator is crucial for an enjoyable and informative experience. Look for operators with positive reviews, knowledgeable guides, and well-organized itineraries. A good tour operator will ensure that your Luxor tour is memorable and hassle-free.

Conclusion

Luxor tours offer an incredible journey through ancient history, allowing you to explore some of Egypt’s most iconic and well-preserved sites. Whether you’re wandering through the awe-inspiring temples of Karnak and Luxor, exploring the tombs of the Valley of the Kings, or admiring the architectural beauty of Hatshepsut’s temple, these tours provide a deep dive into Egypt’s rich heritage. For more information and to start planning your adventure, visit our guide on Luxor tours. Embark on a journey through time and discover the wonders of Luxor in just one day.

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Luxor Tours From Hurghada

Tours from Hurghada to Luxor offer an incredible opportunity to explore some of Egypt's most iconic ancient sites, including the Karnak Temple, the Valley of the Kings, and the Temple of Hatshepsut. Here's what you can expect from a Luxor tour departing from Hurghada:

Early Morning Departure: Most Luxor tours from Hurghada start early in the morning to make the most of the day. You'll likely be picked up from your hotel in Hurghada by a comfortable air-conditioned vehicle.

Crossing the Eastern Desert: The journey from Hurghada to Luxor takes approximately 4 to 5 hours, depending on traffic and road conditions. Along the way, you'll cross the Eastern Desert, offering scenic views of the desert landscape.

Visit to the Karnak Temple: Upon arrival in Luxor, your first stop is usually the Karnak Temple Complex, one of the largest temple complexes in the world. Explore the impressive columns, pylons, and obelisks, and learn about the history and significance of this ancient religious site.

Lunch Break: After visiting Karnak Temple, you'll have a break for lunch at a local restaurant in Luxor, where you can enjoy traditional Egyptian cuisine.

Exploring the West Bank: In the afternoon, your tour will continue to the West Bank of the Nile, where you'll visit the Valley of the Kings. Explore the elaborate tombs of pharaohs, including the famous tomb of Tutankhamun (additional entrance fee may apply).

Temple of Hatshepsut: Next, you'll visit the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, dedicated to the female pharaoh Hatshepsut. Admire the stunning architecture of this terraced temple built into the cliffs of Deir el-Bahari.

Colossi of Memnon: Before returning to Hurghada, you'll make a brief stop at the Colossi of Memnon, two massive stone statues representing Pharaoh Amenhotep III.

Return to Hurghada: After a full day of exploring Luxor's ancient wonders, you'll begin the journey back to Hurghada. You'll arrive back at your hotel in the evening, allowing you to relax and reflect on the day's adventures.

Luxor tours from Hurghada offer a fascinating glimpse into Egypt's rich history and civilization, allowing you to discover ancient temples, tombs, and monuments dating back thousands of years. Be sure to choose a reputable tour operator to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.

[fiafiafia]

good-bye note

I

It’s hard to believe in a place like this, this town of shining gas stations and minimarts, but there are holy monuments everywhere you look. All over. Sanctums, shrines, divine altars, towering symbols of divinity and reverence, everywhere. Everywhere! Beneath the lavender glow of that street lamp on the way to your house, shining lilac and alone in rows and rows of lights colored dull white or foggy, headache yellow … the cobalt blue cross jutting out of the dirt on the side of the road, adorned in satin ribbon and never without fresh marigolds … the bakery, with its cadmium walls and humming ceiling fans and the Holy Mother keeping a watchful eye over the bread and conchas ... even the air buzzes with worship when the midnight train wails through the valley as long as you remember someone else is losing sleep over it, too. 

II

It’s been a winding, neverending summer and all the bass-boosted car rides have left my head throbbing with nostalgia. Everything once dull is now caked in a layer of hot pink craft glitter. The asphalt beneath the stinging sun sparkles just for me! Every grimy park bench is a velvet-cushioned throne! We are the queens of quarter rolls and busted Bluetooth speakers! I am the patron saint of crumpled dollar bills at the drive-thru and chipped plum nail polish and 3 a.m. sap-orange glow illuminating a face and barely mixed drinks of neon and pure sugar and signing master promissory notes in purple glitter pen because I am just a girl after all –!

But the endlessness is now ending, and everything I own is stuffed in big cardboard boxes and black trash bags, everything except my hands;  I fiddle my thumbs and decide to write, or rather, give in to the compulsion to write. Scratch the itch, make my bleak attempt at expelling my thoughts to a single page and diminishing them to mere scribbles of ink. It does not work and none of it is coherent: Something, something, angels and dust devils, something our clocks aren’t the same anymore, something something something rest stop, waiting room, new car, miles and miles and miles and you. The words swirl and swirl above my head, too murky to see through and too diaphanous to reach up and seize one without all the others crashing down in an impossible clump. 

Miraculously, one unravels itself and 

descends, 

cool and indolent

like a swaying autumn leaf 

right into my lap. 

III

The thing shapes itself into me, fifteen. Baby-faced and knotty hair the longest I’ve ever had it and those ugly shoes I refused to let go of until the one sole came clean off. I was wearing someone else’s clothes and trekking through the heat, you know that notorious valley heat that makes your skin too tight? Makes you think, I don’t need this? And all the grass is dead and yellow so of course the grass is greener on the other side? – anyway, I don’t remember why I was subjecting myself to the heat but I do remember how I ran my fingers along the cracks in the sidewalks that drop off into nothing, how I pressed my hot forehead to the crisp dew of a convenience store mini fridge. I remember gravel, scraped knees, and the perfectly fine, why-would-anyone-leave-this-here-we-should-take-it cigarettes on the gravel. I remember how I resented my being here, but at the same time knew I was standing in the middle of something ancient and undeniable. It swarmed me from all sides and made my throat tight and my hands hot. I was wading knee-deep through something with layers and layers of history; if I looked close enough, I could see the rise and fall of a gentle, steady breath. I could wrap my fingers around the spine of the thing and feel every vertebra. I felt it in the creaking of the stairs, the routine picking of the almond and orange trees, and the inscrutable shared looks that cut straight through me like I wasn’t a person, but a translucent cloth loosely draped over a name. There was nothing for me here, nothing of substance, and all of my dreams were of places I didn’t recognize. 

IV 

Somewhere between then and now, something shifted. Soft, slow, so that I didn’t realize things were different until one day, I noticed a euphonic chord of rightness gently ringing through the few, rare silences I found myself in. It was during those moments of quiet when I was separate from the world – alone but never lonely – that I started running into people. All the time, in my own special way. 

Not necessarily physical run-ins, and I’ll explain this: there’s something eternalistic to it — here is so cramped that the edge of every hour overlaps with the next. Today and tomorrow are always bleeding together. So in some sense, wherever I stood I knew you were standing right there with me. Somewhere in the past or future, you occupied the space I was currently existing in, or at least one day would. I’d be doing something as insignificant as sorting through avocados in the produce section and bam! I’m hit with this ineffable feeling that fills me with an eye-watering conviction, telling me you’re near in that hard-to-place, transcendental way. I felt it gleaming around every corner, down every road, solid and sturdy and never called into question. Simply there, beyond the shadow of a doubt, no way it could be anywhere else (are you beginning to see how this could be the start of a religion?). 

Now when I look away, the image is still burned in my retinas. When I close my eyes, the haloed form flashes against the black of my eyelids, like when someone pulls their hand away from yours, and you can still feel their warmth tingling in your open palm long after they’re gone. Or, when you find yourself in an empty space that was once occupied and you are acutely aware of this, though you’re not sure by what, you only feel the distinct absence of it dancing in the air. 

V  

Allow me to paint a portrait of a house, changed:

The passing sight of it used to spark pure light within my chest, fondness all over my face. There, there.

There, where you made it your own in whatever small ways you were permitted. Trinkets marching along the windowsill, pictures of all the things that make your heart jump blue-puttied to the walls, love-battered books slumped against each other on the nightstand, your mother’s naivety displayed on the dresser, your father’s sharpness stuffed in the closet. A perfect model of the inside of your head, as I like to imagine it. 

But now the house I drive by is just a house, something once rich with depth now completely flattened, and yes, it’s inhabited all the same but the windows are different now. Feet pad against the floor every morning and night but none of them match your unique rhythm. The plants out back stay watered but never by you. Where do you put a feeling like that, when the person you’re supposed to give it to is no longer within arm’s reach? What do you do when you, too, are contributing to that ache of goneness? How can you treat it like a simple fact of life when there’s a knife twisting in your gut with every mile between you and the place you begrudgingly call home? And my friends and I, we all keep bear-hugging and repeating, It’ll be okay. It’ll be different, but it will be okay. It will be different. 

I leave tomorrow.

The simple sweetness of it all leaves me aching for something more violent. Give me a stabbing final crescendo, give me words hovering and trembling above our heads until they burst, give me hissing silence in the aftermath. Broken glass. Exit stage left. 

I remember a conversation I had a lifetime ago when I still wasn’t allowed to sit in the passenger’s seat:

“And then,” Dad explains, hand on the wheel, eyes on me, 

“Like that,” he snaps, 

“You’re older. And you’re wishing you weren’t. Like that.” 

He snaps again. I blink. 

Like that.