#Market survey

[oaresearchpaper]

Napoleon Wrasse Production and Trade: Insights from Bohol, Philippines

Abstract

Market survey of Napoleon wrasse is needed to gather and analyze the data of this species in the market. Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) locally known as “Mameng” is a small but significant component in fish trading. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Napoleon wrasse trading through market surveys in the selected municipalities of Bohol namely the municipality of Calape, Getafe, and Tubigon, as basis for conservation measures. Descriptive survey method was used in the study. A one month survey was done to the three municipalities, where the survey took place only every market days. Results showed that the volume of production of Napoleon wrasse in the three municipalities was very low, where the total volume of production of Napoleon wrasse during the one month survey was 1kg in the municipality of Calape, 3.5kg in the municipality of Getafe, and 7kg in the municipality of Tubigon. Most of the fish vendors in the three selected municipalities of Bohol can rarely sell Napoleon wrasse. The volume of consumption of Napoleon wrasse in the three municipalities during the one month survey was relatively high where all of the Napoleon wrasse the fish vendors were selling was sold and sought by buyers. The volume of production of Napoleon wrasse in the three selected municipalities of Bohol was very low due its rarity resulting to its high demand and consumption rate. Among of the three municipalities, only the municipality of Getafe had been identified to have the prevalence of Napoleon wrasse trading.

Introduction

The Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), locally known as “Mameng”, is one of the largest of all reef fishes and the biggest of the wrasse family, the Labridae. It can reach well over two meters in length and 200 kilograms in weight. This species is considered a gourmet food fish and is appreciated for the fine taste and texture of its flesh and it has become a small but significant component of the live reef food fish trade for it is one of the most highly valued species in the trade (Sadovy et al., 2003)

Napoleon wrasse has thick lips and a prominent bulbous hump on the forehead. The juveniles of this species can be identified by their pale greenish color and two black lines running behind the eye. Napoleon wrasse lives on lagoon reefs and steep outer reef slopes at depths of 1 to 60 meters, temperature of 25.71 to 28.98 and salinity of 34.38 to 35.31 ppt. Its primary foods are mollusks, fishes, sea urchins, crustaceans and other invertebrates. Napoleon wrasse is one of the few predators of toxic animals such as sea hares, box fishes and crown-of-thorns Starfish (Randall, Allen and Steen 1990). The longevity of this species is up to at least 32 years and sexual maturity is reached at about eight years of age, meaning they are extremely slow are extremely slow hermaphrodites, which means they can start their life as a female and then change to the male, with sex reversal occurring at about 15 years of age.

Because of its high value as food, it is heavily sought by fishers and traders. There is now a considerable concern that this widespread but uncommon species is being threatened that cause decline of its number because of the growing demand of this species in the live reef food fish trade. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) stated that the Napoleon wrasse is primarily taken for export as part of the valuable live reef food fish trade which is centered in Southeast Asia especially from Indonesia, Malaysia, and including the Philippines. As part of the live food fish market of these countries, Napoleon wrasse value is likely to increase with rarity, so fishers will continue to fish this species even as its numbers decline. Buyers of this fish also continually have to source new areas as numbers of this species decline in the particular area where they can buy this Napoleon fish. The rampant trading of Napoleon wrasse was happening elsewhere, so there is a need of conducting a research study regarding on the prevalence of Napoleon wrasse trading in the three municipalities of Calape, Getafe, and Tubigon through market surveys. A market survey is a process of gathering and analyzing data of a certain product in the market.

To gather and analyze data of Napoleon wrasse in the market, a market survey was conducted in order to better understand the status of this species in the market. There are no data on total numbers of this fish globally. However, adults reef area within its distribution and even in preferred habitats; densities are very low for a commercially exploited species (rarely > 10 fish per 10,000 square meter when not fished). It is considered uncommon to rare naturally. Nothing is known about the extent of subpopulations or degree of fragmentation but available suitable habitat is a major determinant of its distribution.

Moreover, Napoleon wrasse trade in Malaysia and found that there is extensive, illegal, unrecorded and unmonitored Napoleon wrasse trading occurring between Malaysia and the Philippines. They found that although the Philippines banned the export of all live fish, “the government of Malaysia is aware and has admitted that most of the Napoleon wrasse stock exported from Sabah in Malaysia is caught in the Philippines. There appears to be no monitoring or records kept of the trade of Napoleon wrasse between the Philippines and Sabah. The Napoleon wrasse’s inclusion in the list of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix II in the year 2004, with the listing, international trade is only permitted if the export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild has been unsuccessful in protecting the species from further decline. For example, the wrasse trade in the Malaysia is regulated, in part, by CITES and pursuant to this convention. CITES permits are required before one can export wrasse. Chen and Justin found that prior to 2007 there was only one record of an export of two live wrasse (Chen and Justin, 2009.

In Philippines, exports of the Napoleon wrasse are prohibited throughout the country. Until recently, the Napoleon wrasse could not be exported from Palawan with an exemption for the taking of small fish for mariculture (Philippines Fisheries Code, 1998).

Fishing through explosives noxious or poisonous substance, and / or electricity its shall be unlawful for any person to catch, take or gather or cause to be caught, taken or gathered, fish or any fishery species in Philippines waters with the use of electricity, explosives, noxious or poisonous substance such as sodium cyanide in the Philippines fishery areas which will kill, stupefy, disable or render unconscious fish or fishery species. Provided, that the Department, subject to such safeguards and conditions deemed necessary and endorsement from the concerned LGU’s may allow, for research, educational or scientific purposes only, take or gather fish or fishery species. Provide, further, that the use of poisonous or noxious substance to eradicate predators in fishponds in accordance with accepted scientific practices and grounds shall not be construed as illegal fishing (Philippine Fisheries Code, Section 88).

Market survey on Napoleon wrasse is described as the systematic and objective identification, collection analysis, and dissemination of information for the purpose of assisting management in decision making related to the identification and solution of the problems pertaining to this species. That is, to provide management with relevant, accurate, reliable, valid, and current information.

Source : Napoleon Wrasse Production and Trade: Insights from Bohol, Philippines | InformativeBD

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