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[snengineering]

[anarchistmemecollective]

this is the best explanation i’ve found for the “why does it only happen here” discourse on gun violence in america. it’s not all of it, but this explains a lot of it.

in short, it’s because america was founded on slavery.

transcript below for those that prefer that.

Why We Carry

Alain Stephens: If there is one thing to know about America, it's that it’s a land of revolution. And no one would know that better than a Virginia blacksmith with a plan: Gabriel Prosser.

Carol Anderson: He and his brother had in fact created swords as part of their weapons in order to fight this rebellion but they knew…

Alain Stephens: Gabriel and other early American arrivals had grown tired of working under the bootheel of an institution they had no stake in creating. No rights. A world where your life and livelihood were dictated by born status, not merit. So he spread the word to nearly 1,000 like-minded men with a promise.

Carol Anderson: He said that all of those who believed in liberty would be able to be in this incredible space, would be able to enjoy this vibrant democracy.

Alain Stephens: Gabriel’s enemies were better armed, organized, already suspicious of sedition. If he and his men were planning on getting out alive, his operation would have to be executed sharply, swiftly, perfectly.

Carol Anderson: The plan was to have basically three divisions. One division would set a warehouse on fire as a diversionary tactic. The other division would go to the treasury and get the money in order to be able to pay for the insurgence. And the other division would go to the armory and get the guns and the ammunition that they needed in order to fight for their liberty.

Alain Stephens: You see, Gabriel Prosser and his conspirators were some of America’s first patriots. But you’d never know it. Because they were Black. And the enemy they were fighting was the United States. To be specific: The plantation-class government of 1800s Virginia, whose number of enslaved people accounted for nearly 40% of the state’s total population. And Gabriel and his followers needed guns to take on the government. Gabe’s rebellion would ultimately be dashed. A freak storm on the eve of the attack shook the resolve of the men, one more than the others. In particular, a conspirator named Pharaoh.

Carol Anderson: He's sitting out there and the rain and the thunder is hitting, and every time there was a crack of lightning, every time there was a burst of thunder, his nerves were shattering. And so he was like, “OK, we gonna die. We just gonna die.” He's like, “I'm gonna be free, but I'm gonna be free by telling my master about this plot.”

Alain Stephens: In total some 70 men would be arrested. Gabriel, his brother, and 23 others would be made examples of and hung. A few others would be sold to plantations out of state. And two would be granted freedom for being informants to the government. While many Americans may have heard of the Nat Turner rebellion in Virginia or the Stono rebellion in South Carolina, as a Black journalist covering the history of American violence, I discovered that there were nearly 300 slave revolts throughout the course of American history — most of which have been purposefully erased.

Alain Stephens: I’m Alain Stephens, and you’re listening to The Gun Machine: How America Was Forged by the Gun Industry, a podcast by WBUR and the Trace. On the last episode of The Gun Machine, we explained how America built its early gun industry. In this episode, we have to go back to the actual beginning — and ask the why.

Alain Stephens: What type of society necessitates the need for not just militaries to be armed, but everyone—all the time? Today, we talk about America’s foundation of fear, and how the gun industry was built on top of it. Chapter two: Why we carry.

Alain Stephens: It's the 1600s in Central Europe. Two things are about to happen that will change the world forever. The first is the invention of the flintlock musket. Before that, the systems that sparked the gunpowder in guns were finicky in wet or humid conditions. But the flintlock musket was reliable, battle tested and therefore prime to be exported outside of the mild European temperatures. And secondly, the Protestant reformation had swept through Europe. The Catholic church had long banned the sale of European guns to non-Catholic nations, but Protestant churches didn’t care. This caused the Catholics to abandon their policy, sparking a mass sell off — Europeans dumping guns into new countries. And it was in Africa, where Europeans will find the closest and most worthwhile commodity for trade: Human cargo. And just like that, the Triangle Slave Trade was born. The guns-for-bodies trade was so high that by the 18th century, records show gunpowder accounted for nearly 40% of European imports to Africa. But, the firearm wasn’t just the lubricant of the slave trade abroad. It was also its guarantee — right here in America. The invention of the firearm was a force multiplier. It was the gun that made colonial slavery even possible. UC Berkeley history professor Brian DeLay says the firearm now gave regular, working colonists the ability to control those in bondage even if they were outnumbered.

Brian DeLay: Slavery was a fact in every single colony. And of course, it was concentrated in the Southern colonies. And slavery doesn't work without a weapons gap.

Alain Stephens: By 1775, before we were the United States of anything, 20% of America’s colonial population was enslaved Africans, most of them living in the South, all of whom posed a potential security risk to established order.

Brian DeLay: This required the able-bodied adult male population of white colonists to be armed at a far higher rate than, say, was the case among average working people in Great Britain at the time.

Alain Stephens: So if I was a Black person living, say, in 17th-century America, how would I go about getting my hands on a gun? And what opportunities could that make for me?

Carol Anderson: You would have the opportunity to be whipped. Thirty-nine lashes, that's the opportunity that you had.

Alain Stephens: This is Carol Anderson, a professor of African-American history at Emory University, who has been investigating something you probably haven’t heard about in school: the link between the Second Amendment and America’s long history of slavery and racism. Let me go ahead and burst that bubble and hurt your feelings right now, and get this out the way: Most Americans subscribe to certain myths about the foundation of our country.

[( music) “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…”]

Alain Stephens: But that was never the case. The South had gone all in on plantation slavery from the start. Which brings me to the next myth: That plantation slavery as a system just somehow worked, when in fact, the slave economy was a dangerous economy. Large-scale slave rebellions continuously rocked the country, not to mention many other individual acts of defiance and violence in the face of enslavement. Enslaved people fighting back against their enslaver; I’m talking about stabbings, beheadings, shootings, real heavy metal shit. But it also meant that plantation societies had to function like prison societies. So if you had to imagine the South, imagine a network of omnipresent slave patrols on the horizons, contraband and shakedowns, and the constant looming suspicion that at any given time these plantation owners could all get their little slaving heads cut off. In 1680 Virginia prohibits Black people from using a gun in self defense against white attackers, even if they are free. In 1681 the colony of New York bans Black people from having any sort of weapons. In 1741 North Carolina’s legislature implements state-paid bounties for slaves, and the right for patrollers to keep any guns and other contraband plucked off the enslaved as personal rewards during shakedowns.

And this was all before the Revolutionary War even took place. By the time the Colonies began drafting the Constitution, there was no standing military. And the creation of one would be highly regulated. But at the same time, a number of southern colonies were concerned with a more internal threat to their peculiar institution: Slave revolts. So they demanded the constitution include a security backstop to their enterprise: Give us the ability to carry guns, quash insurgencies, and support the web of slave patrols that had already been established.

Carol Anderson: The bad history that we have had about the Second Amendment. How it gets cloaked in this nobility of the militia fighting off domestic tyranny and fighting off of foreign invasion when in fact the militia really wasn't really good at either of those. What it was effective at was putting down slave revolts.

Alain Stephens: Without the Second Amendment, many Southern colonial forefathers refuse to ratify the Constitution at all.

Carol Anderson: The Second Amendment was the bribe to the South to not scuttle the Constitution of the United States and to therefore not scuttle the nation itself and it was George Mason talking about we will be left defenseless if this militia is put under the control of the feds. We cannot trust the federal government to protect us from these Black people.

Alain Stephens: Now, I know what you’re thinking: Why do I not know about this? And that is actually by design. First and foremost, Americans still struggle to talk about the national embarrassment that was slavery. We don’t like to think of our society as violent. And after the writing of the Constitution it just gets more violent. Like I said earlier, there were nearly 300 slave uprisings from the country's inception to the end of the Civil War. And if you read abolitionist newspaper clippings from the Antebellum era, you hear of countless other tales of violence and threat. Escaped slaves using contraband revolvers to shoot it out with captors. Enslaved women bludgeoning to death their white assaulters. A parent killing their own child rather than return them to the horrors of servitude. But there is another reason we don't know about it. And that is a strategic one. Back in the 1800s, Insurrection was bad for business. In the 1860s, the economic value of the enslaved was worth $4 billion. In today’s money, that comes out closer to $42 trillion. That was more than all the banks, factories, and railroads in the U.S. were worth at the time. Stories and plans of rebellion were inspiring to Black people. And the U.S government was aware of this, and acutely aware of similar things going on internationally, with successful slave revolts in places like Haiti. So there was a desire to keep these stories out of public view.

Carol Anderson: The Haitian Revolution, I've got to say upfront, scared the bejeebers out of the Founding Fathers. When you look at their correspondence, they're like, oh my God, did you see what just happened in Saint-Domingue? Oh, if those ideas come here, we are going to be in trouble. If Black people believe that they can be free, that these ideas about liberty and justice apply to them, we are doomed.

Alain Stephens: So these stories were erased from American history. But that fear of Black people, and the need to defend oneself from Black people, didn’t go away after the end of slavery with the Civil War. In fact, in many regards, those fears got worse.

Nicholas Buttrick: When thinking about what makes America unique, you know, it's really not that much of a skip and jump to see, well, is there anything to do with our history of enslavement, our history of civil war, and the ways that we've thought about who is safe and who is dangerous in our country?

Alain Stephens: Nicholas Buttrick is a professor of social psychology at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. He has spent the last couple of years researching how and why America formed its current gun culture. What he found was: A great deal of how we view the need to carry guns today, stems from attitudes formed in the wake of Reconstruction.

Nicholas Buttrick: You have emancipation and with emancipation comes the rise of Black political power and for the white antebellum elite, it seems as if this is something that cannot stand.

Clip from Gone With The Wind: Well, Ashley, you're wrong. I do wanna escape too. I'm so very tired of it all. I've struggled for food and for money. I weeded and hoed and picked cotton until I can't stand for another minute. I tell you, Ashley, the South is dead. It's dead. The Yankees and the carpetbaggers have got it and there's nothing left for us!

Alain Stephens: This line from Gone With the Wind may seem melodramatic to us, but for Scarlett O’Hara and crew, it was an understatement. The American South during reconstruction was a hellhole, akin to any modern post-war occupational environment you’d see today. Law and order was nearly abandoned. Basic commodities were scarce. The only thing in ready supply were the newly freed Black Americans beginning to cement their burgeoning political power and an avalanche of post war guns. White Americans in the South lose their goddamn minds at the new status quo.

Nicholas Buttrick: A lot of the speeches that these redeemers were using is that they seem to anchor a lot of sort of Southerness — Southern masculinity, ways of restoring a Southern way of life — in firearms specifically. And I think this makes a lot of sense, that the South, while destroyed physically, was just totally awash in firearms.

Alain Stephens: Homicide rates were 18 times higher in the South than they were in the North. And these guns were different. The Civil War was one of the first conflicts with mechanized production of guns. Soldiers return home with high-quality weapons — and lots of them.

Nicholas Buttrick: And you also have a really dangerous society. You have murder rates that are completely out of control. And so you have a dangerous world with a lot of weapons, and it maybe makes sense that rich white Southerners might look to different sorts of ways of figuring out how to suppress Black power and to rally white power. And one of the items we think that was really super salient were all these guns.

Alain Stephens: White southerners formed hundreds of so-called rifle clubs, claiming they needed to defend themselves against Black people, even though most of the murders at the time were white on white. The clubs were actually armed white supremacist groups meant to intimidate voters and diminish Black political power. This started forming a modern gun identity and set forth ideas in people about what the government could and couldn’t do. In the Reconstruction South, state constitutions were being rewritten. For the first time, Black people had political power. Many white Southerners didn’t trust the government to represent their interests. To protect them and their sense of order. So they felt they had to take matters into their own hands, and guns were an important symbol. Buttrick’s research makes one thing abundantly clear. The counties with the highest rates of enslavement before the Civil War are the places where today we see the highest rates of gun ownership. And by following social media connections, Buttrick also found that as those same Americans have migrated around the country, so have those ideas about guns. The communities with the deepest social and cultural ties to slaveholding counties, carry similar feelings about gun ownership in the present day. His research also suggests that while people think of guns as a defense against physical threats, they’re also using them as a defense against psychological threats.

Nicholas Buttrick: Guns become a sort of a totem or a charm, you know, that help gun owners to feel their lives are more meaningful, that they have more control, and that they feel safer.

Alain Stephens: It’s also an identity that has fueled gun companies and gun sales.

Nicholas Buttrick: And so I think that the Civil War in its aftermath, set a template, but it's a template that we've then been building on as a society for quite a while and so, it's not just that these things happened once and and ended, you know, that there is quite a lot of advertising, quite a lot of marketing, which is sort of reinforcing these beliefs that we've had about how guns work.

Alain Stephens: And for a hundred years white people become ingrained with the notion that firearms in this country equals autonomy, identity, and most of all power. And that’s all fine and dandy, until Black people start getting guns too.

Newsreel: The Black Panthers first made national news just a year ago when they entered the state capitol in Sacramento armed with rifles and pistols.

Alain Stephens: In 1967 when the Panthers march on the capitol, legally carrying guns to protest a newly proposed gun control bill, then-Governor Ronald Reagan would respond by signing it into law: Banning public carry without a permit. The NRA would approve. It would become the state’s first major piece of legislation restricting the right to carry a gun, and would lead to a slew of gun control laws targeting Black people nationwide. Then, the following year, we’d really melt down.

Newsreel: Martin Luther King 20 minutes ago died.

Newsreel: The police and national guard also used the Justice Department guidelines of restraint, at least in theory. It was still a bloody, costly three days for Chicago.

Alain Stephens: In the wake of King’s death there would be over 100 uprisings. And Congress would renew a once-stalled effort to limit access to guns. They’d pass the 1968 Gun Control Act, which laid the groundwork for modern laws around who is allowed to buy and sell firearms. But, more importantly, just look at the here and now. As demographics change, we fragment. The Obama administration sparked record gun sales for the time, but it wouldn’t hold a candle to 2020. If COVID had us locked, the murder of George Floyd — and the protests that followed — would get us absolutely loaded.

Newsreel: This is an unlawful assembly. Please…

Newsreel: These are not acts of peaceful protest. These are acts of domestic terror. (Protest jeering sound)

Newsreel: One person shot and killed at a Black Lives Matter protest in Austin, Texas

Newsreel: When the Proud Boys Group showed up, a confrontation caused a violent street fight to break out. Police ordered the crowds to disperse, and they also…

Alain Stephens: Americans would buy over 40 million guns in 2020 and 2021. That’s more guns than the entire population of Canada. Five million of those Americans would be grabbing a piece for the first time. And it would pour billions into the pockets of the gun industry. I would watch in real time as my beat as a gun reporter went from niche specialty to sitting front row to the largest wave of gun buying in recorded American history. How’s that for job security?

Alain Stephens: And it’s not like it's an undercurrent that gun culture hasn’t been afraid to tap into.

Dana Loesch: Make them protest. Make them scream racism and sexism and xenophobia and homophobia, to smash windows, burn cars, shut down interstates and airports…

Alain Stephens: In that ad, the NRA calls racial justice protests “madness” and calls on Americans to fight them with what they call a “clenched fist of truth.” Rifle producer Daniel Defense ended up in Congress last year where lawmakers grilled them on using extremist iconography in their ads.

Kelly Sampson: That's a valknut, and it's a symbol that has been increasingly embraced by white supremacists.

Alain Stephens: But it doesn’t have to be that explicit. I’ve always been a gun nerd. And growing up, I’d cringe at the number of times I’d come across Confederate flags, Nazi war gear, and/or straight-up disdain of anything not white American. It’s this shadow that, no matter how far I go into the community, is still always there. And don’t get me wrong… I’m not trying to say that everyone who is buying a gun is doing so because they are racist. More so, that when your country is founded on a fundamental fear of the person next door, carrying a gun is a lot more palatable than not carrying one. But if gun ownership and the gun industry was built on whiteness, what does it mean to be a Black gun owner now? We’ll find out in a minute.

–

Juan Dahl: You heard that?

Alain Stephens: Yeah.

Juan Dahl: That was a gator.

Grace Tatter: I did not hear that

Alain Stephens: That’s producer Grace Tatter. And this is the Bunker Club, it’s a field in Clermont, Florida, where hundreds of gun enthusiasts assemble in the swamp-like humidity to do one thing: Play with hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of high-powered weaponry, and we’re gonna play, too.

Alain Stephens: It's asking me: “Am I currently on probation?” No. “Have I ever been adjudicated as a mentally defective or committed to a mental institution?” No. “Under influence of alcohol or drugs or anything?” Negative. “Issued a restraining order, domestic violence act, barring me?” No. “Have you ever handled a handgun?”

Alain Stephens: This is Pew Party 2.

Alain Stephens: Yes. “You ever handled a rifle or shotgun?” Yes. Click here to sign.

Alain Stephens: It’s a Black-led shooting event, and it’s the second time it’s being held in as many years. It’s a playground of berms, tires, and targets.

Grace Tatter: Have I ever handled a handgun? No. Rifle or shotgun? No. I think I'm the only person here who probably answered no to both of those questions.

Alain Stephens: Pew Party 2 is an event created by Jay Jenkins, aka Jay the Shooter, a self-described GunTuber — a firearms social media influencer.

Jay Jenkins: The G17 has consistently lost, so Imma get a Glock a let a few rounds off

Alain Stephens: Jay’s a businessman — one of the few Black people in the country who carries a coveted FFL SOT 3, a federal license that allows him to develop and sell things like suppressors and automatic weapons. These events are about building his brand, where he invites regular people, particularly Black people, so they can do two things: Meet face to face with the cutting-edge companies in the gun industry, plus they get a chance to handle some iconic and advanced weaponry.

[sound of gunfire]

Alain Stephens: Oh my god, that was tight. That was a P90 over there. So, look at it. It's kind of like a sci-fi looking gun, has this crazy magazine that fits on top. But a pretty good fast rate of fire, so, you know… Again, these are all, you know, movie guns, things that like high level military, like, you know, things that, are in catalogs, that most people’d never be able to touch.

[sound of gunfire]

Alain Stephens: Are you over my shoulder? Get this. When we run out, it's gonna make this awesome sound.

[sound of gunfire]

Alain Stephens: And that was the sound.

Alain Stephens: If you can’t tell, I actually love guns. And I always have. I’m Black, but more specifically I’m biracial. I was introduced to guns at a young age by my dad, a white man from Appalachia. And I remember the stares I’d get growing up, going to gun shows down south in Texas. The standoffish gun shop owners. The rangemasters, who with a sheer glance, would remind me that no matter who I was with or how trained I was, I was there as a guest. So, for me, Pew Party is different. It’s an eccentric assortment of the familiar but the unfamiliar. It’s the most Black people I’ve ever seen at a shooting event, and therefore probably the most comfortable I’ve ever been in such a space.

Alain Stephens: I mean like, you hear the hammer drop on this thing. Did you see the rounds?

Alain Stephens: There are things you’d never see at a gun range. Like a DJ, and a Caribbean food truck. And all day a few throughlines became very clear. First, almost every Black person we spoke with clearly understood what it means to be black and all the pitfalls that accompany it. And their response to that reality was on them. That their life was in their own hands.

Crystal: One, as a Black person in this country, as well as a woman in this country, it's very important that we be able to protect ourselves with the best tools that are available.

Thomas Lyles: My self-protection is serious.

Tay: How about: Take advantage of your Second Amendment right and do what you need to do to protect you and your family.

T.J.: I wanna protect me and mine.

Alain Stephens: Secondly, that crazy year of 2020, where there was open white supremacy, government failure, and Covid-19, and the fallout of George Floyd — well, Black people saw it too. And we flocked to guns. Here is Thomas Lyles, a Navy vet and firearms instructor.

Thomas Lyles: When Trump was in office, that's when we saw the largest spike of Black gun ownership. And so, a lot of Black people during that time, they felt as if the government, the police, nobody was going to help us or protect us. And so it was on us. We had to protect ourselves.

Alain Stephens: When he talks to us he is wearing a military chest rig adorned with bits of African kente print, and is carrying thousands of dollars of military-grade hardware. This is my first time meeting him in person, but I’m familiar with his social media:

Thomas Lyles, from social media: One finger pushes the slide back. I think it might be a good recommendation for female shooters.

Alain Stephens: His training isn’t to put holes in paper, but winning gunfights.

Thomas Lyles: Some of my family members, I taught them a CCW class, because during that time when Covid was happening, we had all the protests going on, this country seemed very unbalanced, right? It's very uncertain. And so even some of the people my family, years before that, had been like “I don't need a gun. I've been alive 40 years and nothing's ever happened.” But during that time all of a sudden I was getting these phone calls: “Hey, cousin, nephew, when can you come over and teach me a class?” And now they're into guns. My uncle's into guns, my cousin's into guns, like he's buying rifles, building rifles, buying pistols.

Alain Stephens: In fact, according to the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, 69 percent of people who bought their first gun during the pandemic were people of color. Before that, POCs accounted for only 26 percent of registered gun owners. And if you looked at America through a thousand-foot lens, it kind of makes sense. Black people are some of those most victimized in the country and always have been. We have police systems that hurt more than help, where Black people are five times more likely to be arrested than whites, and three-times as likely to be killed during a police encounter. And with this long pattern of isolation and victimization, is it really a surprise that more Black people are buying guns, too?

Alain Stephens: And how does the industry react to this? Backwards AF. As quick as the NRA is to savage Black Lives Matter protests to rally their base in defense of the gun industry, they’re also quick to point out that often, laws controlling gun ownership have been racist. Literally using critical race theory to fight its battles in court. Some of the messaging in recent years has been, “Come on over, Black customers. We’re happy to have you.” But that same organization collectively shrugs at the death of legal gun owners, like when police outside of St. Paul killed Philando Castile during a traffic stop. It rallies for more aggressive policing, and backs racist politicians. It’s this worldview that contributes to the reality that many of the Pew Party’s participants exist in: The odd looks and stares at gun ranges. The distinct feeling that everyone’s not going to like them — or what they represent. Every Black male we interviewed was acutely aware of toxic images portrayed of Black men with guns — which is why Jay The Shooter says he hosts events like these.

Alain Stephens: You said one thing about, you know — and I think this is crazy and I gotta revisit — but you said that when it comes to firearms that Black people have really been a victim of poor marketing.

Jay Jenkins: Yes.

Alain Stephens: What has that marketing been and who has put that marketing out there?

Jay Jenkins: Well, you know, let’s be honest. Let's take some accountability here, right? We have to stop conducting the acts that put ourselves in a negative light. Let's start there. Let's start with first accountability. I believe in Black accountability first. And then we can start working on the values and everything else that we need to do to really clean up a lot of the negative images that are being perceived and promoted and projected on us.

Grace Tatter: But a lot of times, so like some of the racist anti-Black images, like gun companies, not all, I'm not saying … the industry isn't a monolith, but gun companies have made a lot of money off of making people afraid of people, afraid of Black people. How does that, how do you fit into, how do you deal with that?

Jay Jenkins: Right. Right. Look, at the end of the day, every company has their business model. We have to see it for what it is, right? And not be subject to it. Yeah. The fear mongering is there. It is there. I see it. But I choose not to look at that because my mission is not to combat that. My mission is to push legitimacy when it comes to African-Americans, and incubating consumers to merchants. That's my mission. I can't stop what I'm doing to go look at what they're doing. Like we know it's there. But how do I combat that? By throwing events and bringing more community awareness to what it is. How many times did you pass by somebody today and you saw first time shooters, shooting suppress, first-time shooter shooting a machine gun. First time hands-on with this platform from this company. That's my mission. I focus on that. Will I be able to combat what they're doing? No, but I'm putting good media and good press and I'm putting my own marketing out there that I can control. So instead of sitting back and complaining about what they're doing with their targeted marketing when it comes to the Black community, I also have to target my community and put the positive messages out there. That's how I combat what they're doing.

Alain Stephens: Essentially it’s a form of exposure therapy. Jay wasn’t alone in his sentiments of trying to take the fear out of the image of a Black man carrying a gun in the broader American consciousness. And things like this event, and training seminars, and social media were ways for them to do it. When it comes to the broader gun industry and how they market, a lot of the attitude was not too dissimilar from the mantra: If you can’t beat em, join em. But perhaps with a caveat to change them from within. Throughout the day though, we had plenty of conversations about self defense, about the power of Black dollars, and it’s to get lost in the money to be had in this industry. But, a woman at the event named Krystal Harper reminded us of another reality: that Black people are also the most victimized by firearms.

Krystal Harper: There's a lot of trauma surrounding firearms within our community that just needs to be dealt with in addition to lack of knowledge, lack of history. But like, we don't talk about that trauma.

Alain Stephens: And we don’t talk about it. Gun violence in all forms has increased sharply for Black Americans in recent years. Black people now experience 12 times the gun homicides, 18 times the amount of shooting injuries, and nearly three times the fatal police shootings of their white counterparts. Luanda Akosua, a firearms trainer, says she sees the consequences of those statistics.

Luanda Akosua: It happens a lot, you know, especially in certain areas. I know I get a nice percentage of my students that do have trauma. I actually had one girl who broke down, like anxiety, full anxiety attack on the range. But it's just a matter of, kind of, coming at it from behind and being able to relate to them, because I'm able to relate, because I've also been in that situation.

Alain Stephens: And many Black people can relate, our community is tight knit. Although we only account for about 13% of the population, we absorb a disproportionate amount of America’s gun violence. So this means that 71% of Black adults know someone who has been injured or killed by a gun in their lifetime.

Luanda Akosua: After you've experienced trauma, I believe there's a point in time where you have to say, ‘I am not gonna be a victim to this trauma,’ and I have to take measures into my own hands to be able to heal from this trauma, from the inside out — going inward, in healing, and starting that process. But you have to be the one to start that healing process. So at the end of the day, I think you are responsible for it. In a perfect world, we don't want anyone, you know, of course the person that's giving the trauma — but usually a person that's presenting trauma, they don't care about anyone.

Krystal Harper: At all.

Luanda Akosua: You know, they don't care. So when they don't care, you have to care about yourself, you know? And I think that's the ultimate goal is being able to self-love, love yourself, respect yourself enough to come out of that dark space and … and train.

–

Alain Stephens: For me as a reporter, and a Black gun owner, I’m always driven to this space, this fundamental conflict. Because on one side, the gun industry and the Second Amendment community needs to diversify to survive. But, on the other, the only way it can do so may mean facing down its racist past and the latent fears that fuel the industry. And with all the guns in the world, that prospect is still the scariest. On the next episode of The Gun Machine, we meet the man who wrote the playbook for a successful gun company.

John Bainbridge: He was somebody who I would say had enormous charisma, and incredible drive. Uh, but as I say, I wouldn't trust him.

Alain Stephens: So after America secured its “freedom”, and it used weapons to secure its enslaved workforce: What next? Well, it’s time to expand. And with that, expands the gun machine.

[lamuradex]

Novella November - Day 21

@novella-november

Three weeks down, nine days to go! The end is in sight, people.

Now my wordcount.

Wordcount: 44,968

I'm really aiming for that 60,000 before the month is up, but I'd be happy with 50K. Pull the NaNo from last year.

My story is certainly taking shape. I'm approaching some of the major plot points, twists in the middle and such. There's one twist which is my true goal. If I can get there before the month is over, then I'll be thrilled!

I find it interesting how things change as I write though. A character that I introduced to fill a gap suddenly becomes a recurring element. Having to devise new conflicts and conversations just to fill the space between events. I had a secondary character break a colleagues nose just to add some tension, but it also means I can have them make up later. Or even make out later. Now I'm considering that they have a one night stand, which was not in the original plan, but...

Anyway, all is going well, and I am very happy with my progress.

And now, a snippet. Maybe a long snippet, but a snippet nonetheless.

Here is Angela deciding to go out for a morning fly, having just had a very difficult night with her team.

She decided it was best to clear her head. Humans would go out for a walk or a run. She wasn’t human though. There was one small problem though. Her wings were beneath her shirt.

The thought of a topless morning flight crossed her mind, but was very quickly abandoned. Maybe just her bandages, like running clothes? But they were no protection from the cold. Instead, she removed her shirt, took out her knife, cut two holes in the back big enough for her little wings to poke through, and then put it back on. She’d just have to remember to wear a jacket if she went out in this top.

Her wings poked through the fabric holes and she fluttered them. And then, she ignited them, blue forms taking immediate shape, and launching her vertically into the air.

Her feet left the floor like there was a rocket on her back. The cold air was cuttingly brisk at high speeds, but the sun was just rising and it would be hours before it was warm. She would just have to bear it, her clothes at least providing some defence. She flew up for about five hundred feet, the view of the city stretching out below in all directions, and then arrested her assent with a sudden burst aimed up, flipping her in the air so she was facing the ground.

Galtan City stretched out below. The low rooves and houses directly below, to the businesses and warehouses some streets away, and then rising and falling rooftops, single stories, ten stories, blocks of flats, industrial complexes! The city rolled beneath her like a rocky range of mountains and moors, all lit by the golden morning sun. And in the distance, the city’s heart, skyscrapers, and a single grand tower in the middle.

It seemed like as good a destination as any.

With a burst of psychic energy from her wings, she launched across the sky. The wind pulled and dragged at her clothes, threatening to rip them off her, so she focused a bit of power from her wings as a shield ahead. It didn’t stop the wind, but it softened it, a dome of vibrating air staying ahead of her. She sped like a bullet for the tower, the air roaring past. Like a bird or a plane, she felt the updrafts and sped on, speeding like she was splitting the sky, the wind screaming at her ears! It took her minutes to cover the miles to the tower, and then veer dramatically upwards. She climbed further and further, and finally felt the strain on her wings as she neared the spire atop the building. The air was thinner and she was still heavier than a bird. Climbing that distance was a challenge, no mistake. But, she alighted atop the building, finding her footing, and holding onto the lightning rod spire for support.

She looked out across the cold morning, the golden light, and the vast, vast city. She understood that, by human standards, it was quite small. But she couldn’t even see the edges on the horizon, even from way up here. She’d never seen anything like it back home.

After just a few minutes, and some long chilly breaths, she nodded. She was done up here. With a jump from the roof, she leapt from the spire and fell.

She passed windows by the second, but knowing she needed to maintain some secrecy, she only dropped until what had to be the twentieth floor down from the top. Then her wings ignited, caught her, and spread wide and flat, carrying her like a glider across the air. She had blue wings against blue sky, so she doubted too many people could see her, even if they were looking up. They’d likely think she was some human pulling a stunt anyway.

She glided, gaining some speed as she descended, trying to lock in on the garage. She didn’t know the landscape, but she only had to spot the roof. The flat roof. Right there, nestled in one little street.

She honed in and dove at a steep angle, and just as she got too close, veered back up, g-forces pulling at her stomach, as she came to a looping stop about a hundred feet above the roof. She finished her loop, lowered herself down, and returned to the roof breathing heavily and happily.

And Hunter was waiting for her, an eyebrow raised.

“I was just wondering if you wanted breakfast?”

[kimberly40]

The practice of moonshining has a long and complicated history in the Appalachian Mountains. Many folks think of moonshiners as the sneaky-but-lovable hillbilly rascal who comes across as a little shady but mostly harmless, much like the infamous Popcorn Sutton. This simplistic perception doesn't tell the full story as moonshine operations of yesteryear often bore a strong resemblance to organized crime syndicates akin to the mafia.

The origin of the name "moonshiner" is widely believed to be due to it being made after dark "by the light of the moon" to avoid detection from law enforcement. The name is thought to have been brought over from England as a version of their similar-meaning word "moonraker." Other names given to the various types of homemade liquors are corn squeezin's, hooch, mountain dew and white lightning.

A copper pot was most commonly rigged into a moonshine still to ferment a combination of corn, yeast, sugar and water (or other ingredients) by heating it to make the potent liquor. The recipes for the liquor originated from the many Scots-Irish immigrants who moved into the Appalachian Mountains.

Early moonshiners mostly made their homebrewed concoctions for their personal use. More and more people entered the trade once it grew into a profitable business. The illegal moonshine trade boomed following the enactment of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution in 1920, which began a 13 year dry spell from alcohol known as Prohibition. Prohibition combined with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929 made moonshining an increasingly attractive, albeit illegal, option to make money for many already impoverished Appalachians.

Whereas mafias are often referred to as "crime families," many moonshining operations were literally made up of family members. The batches of moonshine had to be brewed, bottled and then transported to market leading to jobs for dad, mom, son, daughter, cousin, grandpa, etc.

Cars were souped up to outrun the police to get the liquor out of the mountains. Commonly known as ridge runners, these bootleggers would load up their vehicle with moonshine, cover it up to try to hide it and then speed down the winding mountain roads. Ridge running of the enhanced cars eventually led directly to the creation of NASCAR.

The federal government has long attempted to crack down on moonshining. Government officials known derisively as "revenooers" have historically been the archenemy of moonshiners. The name revenooer stems from government attempts to enforce tax revenue laws as an excuse to arrest the moonshiners.

Local citizens have had mixed relations with moonshiners through the years as many of them have been neighbors and customers. Appalachians in general have long resented government intervention into their lives and considered revenooers an extension of that meddling, even if they themselves didn't participate in moonshining. There was less sympathy for many moonshiners during the Prohibition/Great Depression years. The high profit margins had led many moonshiners to become increasingly hostile and threatening in protecting their "business" by intimidation and other aggressive means, leading to local backlash against them in many places.

The number of homebrewing moonshiners has dropped considerably in recent years for various reasons. One factor has been the shrinking profit margins on moonshine which has made growing marijuana and the illegal prescription drug trade more lucrative industries. Unlike drug dealers, the remaining moonshiners are generally tolerated, and in many cases beloved, by the local public - aside from people who have strong religious or similar moral objections.

I used to know several practioners of the art of moonshining but since moving I've lost all my contacts. Fortunately, I live within striking distance of the "Moonshine Capital of the World" Cocke County, Tennessee, and hope to make new friends...for medicinal purposes, of course. - Shane...From the Appalachian Project...

[rigearthing05]

Ensuring Safety with Chemical Earthing and Lightning Protection Systems

Comprehensive Earthing and Lightning Protection Solutions for Safe Installations

When it comes to ensuring the safety of your home or commercial building, proper earthing and lightning protection systems are essential. As a leading chemical earthing manufacturer, Rig Earthing provides top-notch products and services designed to keep your electrical systems safe from hazards. With a variety of earthing solutions, including GI earthing electrode and chemical earthing electrode, we are committed to delivering reliable and long-lasting grounding systems for all types of installations.

Why Chemical Earthing is Important

As a chemical earthing manufacturer, Rig Earthing understands the importance of using high-quality materials and advanced techniques to achieve efficient grounding. Chemical earthing involves using electrodes embedded in a conductive backfill compound that ensures low resistance and long-term stability. This makes chemical earthing particularly effective for installations in both residential and commercial buildings.

GI Earthing Electrode for Enhanced Safety

Our GI earthing electrode is designed to offer superior conductivity and durability. It is manufactured using high-grade galvanized iron, which helps in efficient dissipation of fault currents into the ground. Whether it’s for a large industrial facility or a small home, using a GI earthing electrode ensures that your electrical system is well-protected from potential hazards.

Complete Lightning Protection with Rig Earthing

In addition to earthing solutions, Rig Earthing also specializes in lightning protection systems. We offer a range of products to protect your building from the dangers of lightning, including lightning arrester systems and the more advanced ESE lightning arrester (Early Streamer Emission).

The ESE lightning arrester is a proactive solution that offers an extended area of protection by emitting an upward streamer before the lightning strikes. This makes it highly effective for larger buildings and open areas, where regular lightning arresters may not be as efficient.

Choosing the Right Lightning Protection System

When it comes to safeguarding your building, it’s essential to have a proper lightning protection system in place. Rig Earthing provides both conventional and ESE systems, ensuring that we meet all types of customer requirements. Whether you need a conventional lightning arrester for simple protection or an advanced system, we have you covered. Our conventional lightning arrester is a tried-and-tested solution, offering reliable protection against lightning strikes by directing the surge safely into the ground.

For buildings that require more comprehensive coverage, our building lightning arrester systems are designed to provide maximum safety. These systems ensure that any lightning strike is directed away from the structure, minimizing damage and protecting both the building and its occupants.

High-Quality Chemical Earthing Electrodes

When it comes to selecting the right earthing solution, our chemical earthing electrode offers unparalleled efficiency. Designed to provide consistent performance, these electrodes are used in various applications, from small homes to large-scale industrial complexes. At Rig Earthing, we ensure that each chemical earthing electrode is manufactured to the highest standards, ensuring long-term safety and durability.

Trustworthy Chemical Earthing Supplier

As a leading chemical earthing supplier, we understand the diverse needs of our customers. Whether you're looking for a custom earthing solution for your home or a large-scale industrial earthing system, Rig Earthing is the go-to source. We pride ourselves on being a reliable chemical earthing supplier, offering top-notch products that deliver safety and efficiency.

Why Choose Rig Earthing?

With years of experience in manufacturing and supplying earthing and lightning protection systems, Rig Earthing has built a strong reputation for delivering quality products. From the best GI earthing electrode to advanced ESE lightning arrester solutions, we offer a range of services that ensure optimal safety for your electrical installations. Additionally, our products come with warranties, ensuring long-term protection and peace of mind.

Conclusion

Choosing the right earthing and lightning protection system is crucial for ensuring the safety of your electrical installations. Whether you're looking for a chemical earthing manufacturer or need a reliable lightning protection system, Rig Earthing is here to provide expert solutions tailored to your specific needs. Visit Rig Earthing today to explore our full range of products and services designed to protect your home, business, or industrial site.

[miracleelectronicusablogs]

Power Transformer Failures – Causes & Prevention

Power transformers are essential parts of power plants, industrial facilities, and electrical grids. To guarantee the effective transmission and distribution of electricity, they are in charge of stepping up or stepping down voltage levels. Transformers can malfunction for a number of reasons, though, which can result in expensive downtime, equipment damage, or even widespread power outages despite their sturdy construction. The most common causes of power transformer failures — such as overheating, insulation failure, electrical surges, and more — will be covered in this blog. Additionally, we’ll offer doable preventative techniques that can help transformers last longer and remain efficient.

Overheating

Overheating, which can happen for a number of reasons, is one of the main causes of transformer failure. One major cause is overloading; when a transformer is forced to take a higher load than it was intended to, it produces too much heat, which can harm internal parts. Overheating can also a result of subpar cooling systems. There can be an accumulation of heat in transformers that rely on air- or oil-based cooling systems to control temperature. Furthermore, transformers that are used in high temperatures outside run the risk of overheating, particularly if they were not made for such conditions. Localized overheating can also result from internal short circuits, which are frequently caused by wiring problems.

Prevention: In order to prevent overheating, it is important to periodically check that the transformer’s load is within its capacity, maintain the cooling system by looking for leaks or obstructions, and make sure that transformers placed in hot locations have the appropriate heat-resistant materials or shading.

Insulation breakdown

Breakdown of the insulation is another common reason for transformer failure. Transformer insulation is essential for isolating various voltage levels and components, but it can deteriorate with time and cause electrical malfunctions. One factor is ageing; transformer insulating materials inevitably deteriorate with time, particularly in the presence of severe environmental factors or continuous voltage variations. Another significant problem is moisture intrusion, since water getting inside the transformer can erode the insulation and cause electrical arcing or short circuits. This is particularly common in high-humidity conditions or in situations when transformer seals are damaged. Transformers with oil insulation may also be contaminated, meaning that the efficacy of the insulation is impacted by dust, metal fragments, or deteriorating oil.

Prevention: Frequent testing of insulation can assist in detecting deterioration, enabling prompt replacement. Methods of dehydration like oil purification work well for getting rid of impurities and moisture. To ensure insulation quality, transformers must be adequately sealed and shielded from outside environmental influences.

Electrical surges

Power transformers are also seriously threatened by electrical surges, sometimes known as transient overvoltages. Numerous factors, including lightning strikes, switching activities, or grid faults, can cause these surges. Outdoor transformers are especially vulnerable to lightning strikes because a quick surge might surpass the design voltage and harm interior components. Similar to switching surges, which happen when circuits are turned on or off, transformer components may be stressed by transient voltage spikes. Transformers that are connected to the grid may experience associated problems if there are electrical problems elsewhere in the system.

Prevention: Installing superior surge arresters is crucial to reducing the risk of surges. These gadgets shield the transformer from lightning-related and other external electrical surges. In order to lessen the effects of surges, proper grounding is also essential for dissipating excess electrical energy. Transformer damage from switching surges and faults is further reduced by working with utility providers to guarantee efficient grid protection measures.

Oil contamination

The insulating fluid in oil-insulated transformers maintains electrical insulation between components while also cooling the system. On the other hand, oil pollution can seriously impair the transformer’s functionality and cause it to fail. Even minute amounts of water contamination lessen the insulating qualities of the oil, increasing the transformer’s susceptibility to electrical failures. Particulate matter, which includes dirt, dust, and metal particles, also reduces the oil’s efficacy. Oil can oxidize and break down over time, producing sludge and acids that reduce the oil’s ability to cool and insulate.

Prevention: Regular oil testing to identify chemical, particulate, and/or water contaminants is necessary to prevent oil pollution. Systems for purification and filtration are helpful in getting rid of impurities and prolonging the life of oil. Making sure transformers are correctly sealed, with gaskets and seals in place, helps keep outside impurities out of the oil.

Mechanical stresses

The reliability of transformers is also under risk from mechanical stresses. These tensions may arise from operating vibrations, transit, or installation. Transformers situated close to large machinery or in seismically active regions are especially susceptible to mechanical loads, which over time may cause internal components to become loose or break. Another issue is thermal expansion, which can result in materials inside the transformer expanding and contracting repeatedly from heating and cooling cycles, finally leading to mechanical failure. Inadequate installation techniques, particularly in transit, might result in physical harm that compromises the transformer’s functionality.

Prevention: In earthquake zones or industrial settings, installing vibration dampeners is a practical way to lessen the effects of mechanical stress. The consequences of thermal expansion can be controlled with the use of temperature control devices like thermostats. Mechanical stresses are kept to a minimum by thoroughly examining transformers after shipment and adhering to best practices during installation.

Short circuits and electrical faults

Transformer failure can also result from electrical faults and short circuits. Insulation failures, internal wiring defects, and external factors like electrical surges are frequently the cause of these problems. When insulation between windings fails, winding short circuits can happen, which can cause electrical arcing and heat production. Dangerous currents may flow through the transformer as a result of external defects, such as problems with power lines or linked equipment, which could result in interior damage.

Prevention: Electrical testing must be done on a regular basis to identify possible problems before they become serious in order to prevent short circuits. Faults in the windings and other internal components can be found with the use of instruments like dielectric tests and sweep frequency response analysis. By installing protective relays, one can minimize the damage caused by short circuits by ensuring that faults are promptly recognized and isolated. Reducing the risk of short circuits also requires using fault current prevention devices and proper grounding.

In conclusion, even though power transformers are made to be extremely dependable, improper maintenance can still cause them to fail. Transformer failures are frequently caused by overheating, insulation failure, electrical surges, oil contamination, mechanical strains, and short circuits. However, many of these dangers can be reduced by putting preventive measures in place such routine load monitoring, insulation testing, oil filtration, surge protection, and vibration dampening. Transformer lifespan and dependability can be increased by following a strict maintenance schedule and making use of cutting-edge diagnostic technologies. This lowers the possibility of expensive downtime and equipment failure. Transformer maintenance and preventative actions are essential to maintaining their effectiveness and averting future malfunctions. For reliable power transformers in India, designed with longevity and performance in mind, Miracle Electronics offers high-quality solutions with advanced features to ensure operational efficiency and robust protection against common transformer failures.

Resource: Read more

[axisindiaelectricals]

Understanding ESE Lightning Arrester Prices: Factors Influencing Cost

Lightning strikes pose a significant threat to buildings and structures, potentially causing damage to property and endangering lives. To mitigate this risk, the installation of lightning protection systems, including Early Streamer Emission (ESE) lightning arresters, is crucial. Understanding the pricing of ESE lightning arresters involves considering various factors that influence their cost.

1. Types of ESE Lightning Arresters:

ESE lightning arresters come in different types and sizes, designed to protect structures of varying sizes. The cost of an ESE lightning arrester is often determined by its type, with larger and more advanced models typically being more expensive due to their increased coverage area and enhanced features.

2. Quality and Brand Reputation:

The quality of materials used in manufacturing an ESE lightning arrester can significantly impact its price. Established brands known for their reliability and performance may come at a higher cost compared to lesser-known or generic brands. Investing in a reputable brand ensures the effectiveness and durability of the lightning arrester in the long run.

3. Installation Complexity:

The installation process of an ESE lightning arrester can vary in complexity depending on the structure it is intended to protect. Factors such as the height of the building, accessibility, and additional equipment needed for installation can affect the overall cost. Complex installations may require specialized expertise, increasing the total price.

4. Compliance with Standards:

ESE lightning arresters must meet specific industry standards and regulations to ensure their effectiveness. Compliance with these standards often involves rigorous testing and certification processes, which can contribute to the overall cost of the lightning arrester. Choosing a product that meets all necessary standards is essential for ensuring its reliability.

5. Warranty and After-Sales Support:

The availability of a warranty and after-sales support can influence the price of an ESE lightning arrester. Products that come with extended warranties or comprehensive support services may have a slightly higher upfront cost but can provide peace of mind to customers in case of any issues or malfunctions.

6. Market Demand and Supply:

Like any other product, market demand and supply dynamics can impact the pricing of ESE lightning arresters. Fluctuations in demand, availability of raw materials, and competition among manufacturers can all influence the cost of these devices. Keeping an eye on market trends can help in making informed decisions regarding pricing.

In conclusion, ESE lightning arresters price is influenced by a variety of factors, including the type and size of the arrester, quality of materials, installation complexity, compliance with standards, warranty and support services, and market dynamics. When considering the cost of an ESE lightning arrester, it is essential to prioritize quality, reliability, and compliance with safety standards to ensure effective protection against lightning strikes. Investing in a high-quality lightning protection system can provide long-term benefits and peace of mind for property owners and occupants.

[axisindia2023]

Top 5 Benefits of Installing Lightning Arresters for Industrial and Residential Buildings

It is well-known that protecting electrical systems from damage is essential, be it in an industrial plant or a residential building. A reliable tool that can help safeguard the system of the structures is a lightning arrester. Given that the danger of getting hit by a lightning bolt is relatively high in some regions, owning a lightning arrester can save the building owners huge costs. However, the primary purpose of these devices, which can be purchased from cable lugs manufacturers, is to protect the electrical system of the structure and the appliances it includes.

This article will examine the five main benefits of owning and installing a lightning arrester, essential for industrial and residential applications.

Protects Electrical Systems

The main benefit of a lightning arrester is that it protects the electrical system of the building from possible damage. The main reason customers purchase this equipment is the devastating effect a lightning bolt might have on civilians. However, a lightning arrester, in turn, absorbs the voltage and diverts it, ensuring that it does not reach the appliances and equipment connected to the power supply. On top of that, it is possible to be sure that the building is equipped with the highest quality products if you buy from a reliable lightning arrester manufacturer. These devices are designed to absorb the massive voltage and are ruggedly constructed, making the equipment, such as cables, perfectly safe.

Prevents Fire Hazards

Another crucial effect of a lightning strike is the fire it can cause by overheating the affected areas or striking flammable materials; the latter primarily refers to industrial buildings. In the case of the former, it can be excluded if the equipment stops the voltage before it reaches the internal wiring systems of the building. Since industrial buildings are typically heavily packed with electric equipment, it is crucial to ensure their safety. Moreover, when relying on a cable lug manufacturer for well-made equipment, the current will be safely diverted as the connection between the arrester and the cables is secured.

Protects Expensive Equipment

Industrial buildings often house expensive machinery and equipment susceptible to electrical surges. Even in regular residential homes, refrigerators, televisions, air conditioners, and other equipment risk being damaged when lightning strikes. You can save thousands of dollars in repair or replacement costs by fitting lightning arresters at critical building points. By partnering with preferred lug manufacturers in India, you can be assured that the connections between the lightning arrester and the equipment are of the highest quality. This ensures that the lightning arrester will be functional and protect your equipment to the best of its ability.

Minimizes Downtime

Massive downtime can be devastating for industries. Industrial businesses are prone to large amounts of downtime whenever they are struck by lightning. A single lighting surge strike is adequate to destroy entire electrical equipment. The repairs or replacement parts are usually slow to deliver so that the industrial business can be out of service for hours or even days. Installing a lighting arrester between such equipment and incoming power lines can help reduce such damage. By buying the best quality cable lugs and other equipment from preferred cable lug manufacturers, you will be assured of the effectiveness and durability of your lightning protection system.

Enhances Safety for Occupants

Safety for both residential and industrial buildings and their occupants is a top priority. Lightning strikes can seriously harm the people living or working in such buildings by causing potential injuries and death. Imposing lighting arresters reduces the chances of being injured by such lightning-induced electrical surges. This ensures the safety of employees in industrial facilities and families in homes.

In a Nutshell

Overall, installing lightning arresters in industrial and residential buildings is beneficial in many ways. It protects electrical systems and equipment, minimizes the danger of a fire outbreak, and ensures that all the inhabitants are safe. However, you need to ensure that you get your products from a reliable lightning arrester and lugs manufacturers in India. With their products, you will have the electrical protection your building needs to avert lightning strikes. Whether you need this protection in your industrial building or your house, the advantage of escaping unnecessary repair bills and being safe is too significant to ignore.

Visit our contact us section for more information on our range of lightning arrestors.

Trust Axis for arrestors that stand the test of time, providing peace of mind in every application.

About The Author

Axis Electricals Components is a manufacturer and exporter of electrical components, Certified under various national and international standards, Utilizes approval globally. Product range – Aerial Bundles Cable Accessories, Earthing & Lightning Protection System, PoleLine Hardware, Exothermic Welding, Cable Lugs and Connectors, Glands and Ties.

[sgpowerproductspvtltd]

Ese lightning arrester manufacturer

 ESE (Early Streamer Emission) lightning arresters are an advanced type of lightning protection system designed to protect structures from direct lightning strikes by capturing and safely redirecting the lightning current to the ground. The main feature that distinguishes ESE lightning arresters from traditional lightning rods is their ability to create an upward streamer before a lightning strike happens, increasing the protected area.

### Key Features of ESE Lightning Arresters:

1. **Early Streamer Emission:**

   - ESE arresters have an active mechanism that generates an upward streamer faster than conventional lightning rods. This early streamer formation provides a greater probability of intercepting a downward lightning leader before it strikes.

2. **Enhanced Protection Radius:**

   - Due to the early emission of the streamer, ESE lightning arresters provide a larger protective radius compared to traditional lightning rods. The radius depends on the height of the arrester and its efficiency in generating the streamer. This allows a single ESE arrester to cover a larger area.

3. **Triggering Device:**

   - The ESE device contains a triggering system that is activated by the rising electric field during thunderstorms. This mechanism allows the arrester to send out the upward streamer in advance.

4. **Compliance with Standards:**

   - ESE lightning arresters are manufactured and tested in accordance with international standards like NF C 17-102 (French standard), which defines the design, performance, and testing requirements for such systems.

5. **Materials and Durability:**

   - ESE lightning arresters are typically made from materials like stainless steel, copper, or other corrosion-resistant materials. This ensures long-lasting performance and resilience in harsh weather conditions.

6. **Maintenance:**

   - ESE systems are relatively low-maintenance once installed but require periodic inspections to ensure that the components are functioning correctly and there is no corrosion or damage.

### How ESE Lightning Arresters Work:

- **Step 1: Charge Accumulation** – During thunderstorms, a significant electric field builds up between the cloud and the ground. As this field intensifies, the ESE lightning arrester detects the rising field strength.

- **Step 2: Early Streamer Emission** – The arrester's triggering device releases an upward streamer, which is an ionized channel aimed at meeting the downward leader from the cloud.

- **Step 3: Lightning Discharge** – The downward lightning leader connects with the upward streamer generated by the arrester. This connection safely channels the lightning current through a grounding system.

- **Step 4: Grounding** – The current is redirected to the ground through a network of conductive cables, preventing any damage to the protected structure.

### Applications:

ESE lightning arresters are widely used in various industries and sectors where large structures or facilities need protection, including:

- Telecommunications towers

- Power plants and substations

- Airports

- Industrial facilities

- Residential and commercial buildings

- Outdoor sports arenas

They are particularly advantageous in areas with tall structures or open spaces where traditional protection might be less effective or require multiple devices.

### Benefits:

- Provides a large zone of protection.

- Reduces the need for multiple lightning rods.

- Minimizes the risk of damage to buildings and critical infrastructure.

- Offers a cost-effective solution with a relatively simple installation process.

Do you currently use ESE arresters in SG Power's systems?

[true-power-limited]

True Power Earthings is the most trusted Earthing Equipment Manufacturer in Delhi. We offer a wide range of Earthing Equipments that can make your premises shockproof and safer.

True Power Earthings is an Earthing Equipments provider company and Earthing Equipment Supplier in Delhi offer affordable, efficient, and premium Earthing Solutions. Our every product are designed and manufactured to fulfill every need of our client which they want in an Earthing product.

We deliver our products with immense care and safety. Get premium and durable Earthing Equipment in True Power Earthings . Our client’s satisfaction is our Top Priority and we are committed to delivering the best products to our clients.

Being the largest Earthing Equipment Exporter in Delhi, we have a responsibility to give our clients only the beneficial Earthing product that they needed. Our products are always in high demand due to their rich material and long shelf life.

If you have any queries about products or orders, feel free to call us. Our Call Executives are available 24/7 to assist you.

Contact us:

Call us: 8318455691

Email us: sale@truepowerearthings.in

Address: D 242, Sector 63 Rd, D Block, Sector 63, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301

For more information visit: https://www.truepowergroup.in/earthing-electrode.html

[snengineering]

[ennobinfraasolution]

ESE Lightning Arrester Solutions by Ennob

An ESE Lightning Arrester (Early Streamer Emission) is an advanced lightning protection system designed to provide superior coverage and safeguard buildings, infrastructure, and equipment from lightning strikes. Traditional lightning arresters are passive and only react once a lightning strike is imminent. In contrast, the ESE Lightning Arrester actively creates an upward leader, intercepting lightning more effectively and earlier in its formation.

At Ennob, we specialize in offering high-quality ESE Lightning Arresters that provide enhanced protection for various structures, including industrial plants, commercial buildings, and residential complexes. By initiating the interception of lightning earlier, our ESE systems ensure that strikes are directed safely into the ground, preventing damage to valuable assets and infrastructure.

The benefits of an ESE Lightning Arrester include larger protection radii and more reliable performance in adverse weather conditions. This technology is particularly suitable for tall structures and expansive industrial sites, where traditional systems may fall short.

Choosing Ennob for your lightning protection needs guarantees long-term safety and peace of mind. Our team provides tailored solutions based on the specific needs of your site, ensuring maximum protection from the destructive power of lightning. With Ennob’s ESE Lightning Arresters, you can safeguard your facilities from costly damage and ensure uninterrupted operations, even in storm-prone areas.

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Global Composite Jacket Arrester Market Overview and Strategic Growth Analysis 2024 - 2031

Composite jacket arresters are essential components in electrical systems, providing protection against over-voltage conditions such as lightning strikes and switching surges. They are designed to safeguard sensitive equipment in various applications, including telecommunications, renewable energy, and industrial settings.

Overview of the Composite Jacket Arrester Market

The global composite jacket arrester market is gaining traction as the demand for advanced electrical protection systems increases. This article explores the market's dynamics, including key drivers, trends, challenges, and future outlook.

Definition and Features of Composite Jacket Arresters

Composite jacket arresters are characterized by:

Material Composition: Typically made from advanced composite materials that enhance durability and resistance to environmental factors.

High Voltage Ratings: Capable of withstanding significant voltage spikes, making them suitable for high-risk applications.

Lightweight Design: Their composite structure allows for easier installation and maintenance compared to traditional metal oxide varistors (MOVs).

Environmental Protection: Designed to resist moisture, UV radiation, and other harsh environmental conditions.

Market Drivers

Several factors are propelling the growth of the global composite jacket arrester market:

Increasing Demand for Power Generation

The global shift towards renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, necessitates robust protection systems for power generation equipment. Composite jacket arresters are vital for safeguarding these installations.

Growing Infrastructure Development

Urbanization and the expansion of electrical infrastructure require reliable over-voltage protection solutions. As new electrical grids and systems are developed, the demand for composite jacket arresters is expected to rise.

Rising Awareness of Electrical Safety

There is a growing emphasis on safety in electrical installations. As industries and businesses prioritize equipment protection, the adoption of composite jacket arresters is becoming more common.

Market Trends

The composite jacket arrester market is witnessing several notable trends:

Technological Advancements

Innovations in material science and engineering are leading to the development of more efficient and durable composite jacket arresters, enhancing their performance and reliability.

Integration with Smart Grids

The rise of smart grid technologies is increasing the need for advanced protective devices. Composite jacket arresters are being integrated into smart grid systems to provide real-time monitoring and protection.

Customization and Flexibility

Manufacturers are increasingly offering customizable solutions tailored to specific application needs. This trend allows for better integration of composite jacket arresters into diverse electrical systems.

Challenges in the Market

Despite its growth potential, the composite jacket arrester market faces several challenges:

High Initial Costs

The upfront investment for advanced composite jacket arresters can be significant, which may deter some businesses from adopting these solutions.

Competition from Traditional Solutions

Established technologies, such as traditional surge protectors and MOVs, still dominate the market. Educating potential customers on the benefits of composite jacket arresters is essential for gaining market share.

Regulatory Compliance

Adhering to strict regulations and standards for electrical equipment can complicate the development and deployment of composite jacket arresters.

Future Outlook

The global composite jacket arrester market is expected to experience substantial growth in the coming years. Key factors influencing this growth include:

Expansion of the Renewable Energy Sector

As investments in renewable energy continue to rise, the demand for composite jacket arresters to protect associated equipment will also increase.

Growing Focus on Infrastructure Resilience

With the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, there is a heightened focus on building resilient electrical infrastructure, further driving the need for effective protection solutions.

Technological Innovation

Ongoing research and development in composite materials and electrical protection technologies will enhance the capabilities and applications of composite jacket arresters.

Conclusion

The global composite jacket arrester market is poised for significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for power generation, infrastructure development, and enhanced electrical safety. As manufacturers innovate and address challenges such as high initial costs and competition from traditional solutions, the future of the market looks promising. With a growing emphasis on renewable energy and resilient infrastructure, composite jacket arresters are set to play a crucial role in protecting electrical systems worldwide.

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Top Copper Earthing Electrode Manufacturer in India

Veraizen Earthing is a significant copper earthing electrode manufacturer in India. Copper Earthing Electrodes are also constructed from Hot Dip Galvanized Pipes, which feature a copper termination and a 20 mm copper inside. Copper Earthing Electrodes Suppliers provides a wide range of Copper Earthing Electrode products, including the electrogrip 60mm 3 metre, electrogrip 40mm 3 metre, electrogrip 50mm 3 metre, electrogrip 80mm 3 metre, electrogrip 90mm 3 metre, and electrogrip 40mm 2 metre pure copper earthing electrode. 

The important copper earthing electrode supplier in India is Veraizen Earthing.We are also a leading supplier of pure copper electrodes, copper-bonded electrodes, and copper plates.We have built a solid name in the local and worldwide industries via strong business ethics and high-quality products such as Copper Earthing Electrode. We transport our items all across the world. They are popular with our regular clients due to their extended lifespan and low cost.We also make and sell copper-bonded solid electrodes, earth rods, solar earthing, and chemical earthing. We Supply Lightning Arrester Manufacturers in Mumbai and Lightning Arrester Manufacturers in Kolkata.