#Land acquisition loan

[srghousingfinanceblog]

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[grrajeshkumar]

Unveiling Chennai's Hidden Gems: TNHB Plots and Houses - Affordable Housing that's Taking the City by Storm!

Unveiling Chennai’s Hidden Gems: TNHB Plots and Houses When it comes to affordable housing options in Chennai, TNHB (Tamil Nadu Housing Board) plots and houses stand out as hidden gems. In a city where real estate prices are soaring, TNHB offers an oasis of affordable housing solutions for individuals and families. Let’s dive into the world of TNHB plots and houses, explore their benefits, and…

[mostlysignssomeportents]

The reason you can’t buy a car is the same reason that your health insurer let hackers dox you

On July 14, I'm giving the closing keynote for the fifteenth HACKERS ON PLANET EARTH, in QUEENS, NY. Happy Bastille Day! On July 20, I'm appearing in CHICAGO at Exile in Bookville.

In 2017, Equifax suffered the worst data-breach in world history, leaking the deep, nonconsensual dossiers it had compiled on 148m Americans and 15m Britons, (and 19k Canadians) into the world, to form an immortal, undeletable reservoir of kompromat and premade identity-theft kits:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Equifax_data_breach

Equifax knew the breach was coming. It wasn't just that their top execs liquidated their stock in Equifax before the announcement of the breach – it was also that they ignored years of increasingly urgent warnings from IT staff about the problems with their server security.

Things didn't improve after the breach. Indeed, the 2017 Equifax breach was the starting gun for a string of more breaches, because Equifax's servers didn't just have one fubared system – it was composed of pure, refined fubar. After one group of hackers breached the main Equifax system, other groups breached other Equifax systems, over and over, and over:

https://finance.yahoo.com/news/equifax-password-username-admin-lawsuit-201118316.html

Doesn't this remind you of Boeing? It reminds me of Boeing. The spectacular 737 Max failures in 2018 weren't the end of the scandal. They weren't even the scandal's start – they were the tipping point, the moment in which a long history of lethally defective planes "breached" from the world of aviation wonks and into the wider public consciousness:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Boeing_737

Just like with Equifax, the 737 Max disasters tipped Boeing into a string of increasingly grim catastrophes. Each fresh disaster landed with the grim inevitability of your general contractor texting you that he's just opened up your ceiling and discovered that all your joists had rotted out – and that he won't be able to deal with that until he deals with the termites he found last week, and that they'll have to wait until he gets to the cracks in the foundation slab from the week before, and that those will have to wait until he gets to the asbestos he just discovered in the walls.

Drip, drip, drip, as you realize that the most expensive thing you own – which is also the thing you had hoped to shelter for the rest of your life – isn't even a teardown, it's just a pure liability. Even if you razed the structure, you couldn't start over, because the soil is full of PCBs. It's not a toxic asset, because it's not an asset. It's just toxic.

Equifax isn't just a company: it's infrastructure. It started out as an engine for racial, political and sexual discrimination, paying snoops to collect gossip from nosy neighbors, which was assembled into vast warehouses full of binders that told bank officers which loan applicants should be denied for being queer, or leftists, or, you know, Black:

https://jacobin.com/2017/09/equifax-retail-credit-company-discrimination-loans

This witch-hunts-as-a-service morphed into an official part of the economy, the backbone of the credit industry, with a license to secretly destroy your life with haphazardly assembled "facts" about your life that you had the most minimal, grudging right to appeal (or even see). Turns out there are a lot of customers for this kind of service, and the capital markets showered Equifax with the cash needed to buy almost all of its rivals, in mergers that were waved through by a generation of Reaganomics-sedated antitrust regulators.

There's a direct line from that acquisition spree to the Equifax breach(es). First of all, companies like Equifax were early adopters of technology. They're a database company, so they were the crash-test dummies for ever generation of database. These bug-riddled, heavily patched systems were overlaid with subsequent layers of new tech, with new defects to be patched and then overlaid with the next generation.

These systems are intrinsically fragile, because things fall apart at the seams, and these systems are all seams. They are tech-debt personified. Now, every kind of enterprise will eventually reach this state if it keeps going long enough, but the early digitizers are the bow-wave of that coming infopocalypse, both because they got there first and because the bottom tiers of their systems are composed of layers of punchcards and COBOL, crumbling under the geological stresses of seventy years of subsequent technology.

The single best account of this phenomenon is the British Library's postmortem of their ransomware attack, which is also in the running for "best hard-eyed assessment of how fucked things are":

https://www.bl.uk/home/british-library-cyber-incident-review-8-march-2024.pdf

There's a reason libraries, cities, insurance companies, and other giant institutions keep getting breached: they started accumulating tech debt before anyone else, so they've got more asbestos in the walls, more sagging joists, more foundation cracks and more termites.

That was the starting point for Equifax – a company with a massive tech debt that it would struggle to pay down under the most ideal circumstances.

Then, Equifax deliberately made this situation infinitely worse through a series of mergers in which it bought dozens of other companies that all had their own version of this problem, and duct-taped their failing, fucked up IT systems to its own. The more seams an IT system has, the more brittle and insecure it is. Equifax deliberately added so many seams that you need to be able to visualized additional spatial dimensions to grasp them – they had fractal seams.

But wait, there's more! The reason to merge with your competitors is to create a monopoly position, and the value of a monopoly position is that it makes a company too big to fail, which makes it too big to jail, which makes it too big to care. Each Equifax acquisition took a piece off the game board, making it that much harder to replace Equifax if it fucked up. That, in turn, made it harder to punish Equifax if it fucked up. And that meant that Equifax didn't have to care if it fucked up.

Which is why the increasingly desperate pleas for more resources to shore up Equifax's crumbling IT and security infrastructure went unheeded. Top management could see that they were steaming directly into an iceberg, but they also knew that they had a guaranteed spot on the lifeboats, and that someone else would be responsible for fishing the dead passengers out of the sea. Why turn the wheel?

That's what happened to Boeing, too: the company acquired new layers of technical complexity by merging with rivals (principally McDonnell-Douglas), and then starved the departments that would have to deal with that complexity because it was being managed by execs whose driving passion was to run a company that was too big to care. Those execs then added more complexity by chasing lower costs by firing unionized, competent, senior staff and replacing them with untrained scabs in jurisdictions chosen for their lax labor and environmental enforcement regimes.

(The biggest difference was that Boeing once had a useful, high-quality product, whereas Equifax started off as an irredeemably terrible, if efficient, discrimination machine, and grew to become an equally terrible, but also ferociously incompetent, enterprise.)

This is the American story of the past four decades: accumulate tech debt, merge to monopoly, exponentially compound your tech debt by combining barely functional IT systems. Every corporate behemoth is locked in a race between the eventual discovery of its irreparable structural defects and its ability to become so enmeshed in our lives that we have to assume the costs of fixing those defects. It's a contest between "too rotten to stand" and "too big to care."

Remember last February, when we all discovered that there was a company called Change Healthcare, and that they were key to processing virtually every prescription filled in America? Remember how we discovered this? Change was hacked, went down, ransomed, and no one could fill a scrip in America for more than a week, until they paid the hackers $22m in Bitcoin?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Change_Healthcare_ransomware_attack

How did we end up with Change Healthcare as the linchpin of the entire American prescription system? Well, first Unitedhealthcare became the largest health insurer in America by buying all its competitors in a series of mergers that comatose antitrust regulators failed to block. Then it combined all those other companies' IT systems into a cosmic-scale dog's breakfast that barely ran. Then it bought Change and used its monopoly power to ensure that every Rx ran through Change's servers, which were part of that asbestos-filled, termite-infested, crack-foundationed, sag-joisted teardown. Then, it got hacked.

United's execs are the kind of execs on a relentless quest to be too big to care, and so they don't care. Which is why their they had to subsequently announce that they had suffered a breach that turned the complete medical histories of one third of Americans into immortal Darknet kompromat that is – even now – being combined with breach data from Equifax and force-fed to the slaves in Cambodia and Laos's pig-butchering factories:

https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/01/politics/data-stolen-healthcare-hack/index.html

Those slaves are beaten, tortured, and punitively raped in compounds to force them to drain the life's savings of everyone in Canada, Australia, Singapore, the UK and Europe. Remember that they are downstream of the forseeable, inevitable IT failures of companies that set out to be too big to care that this was going to happen.

Failures like Ticketmaster's, which flushed 500 million users' personal information into the identity-theft mills just last month. Ticketmaster, you'll recall, grew to its current scale through (you guessed it), a series of mergers en route to "too big to care" status, that resulted in its IT systems being combined with those of Ticketron, Live Nation, and dozens of others:

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/31/business/ticketmaster-hack-data-breach.html

But enough about that. Let's go car-shopping!

Good luck with that. There's a company you've never heard. It's called CDK Global. They provide "dealer management software." They are a monopolist. They got that way after being bought by a private equity fund called Brookfield. You can't complete a car purchase without their systems, and their systems have been hacked. No one can buy a car:

https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/27/business/cdk-global-cyber-attack-update/index.html

Writing for his BIG newsletter, Matt Stoller tells the all-too-familiar story of how CDK Global filled the walls of the nation's auto-dealers with the IT equivalent of termites and asbestos, and lays the blame where it belongs: with a legal and economics establishment that wanted it this way:

https://www.thebignewsletter.com/p/a-supreme-court-justice-is-why-you

The CDK story follows the Equifax/Boeing/Change Healthcare/Ticketmaster pattern, but with an important difference. As CDK was amassing its monopoly power, one of its execs, Dan McCray, told a competitor, Authenticom founder Steve Cottrell that if he didn't sell to CDK that he would "fucking destroy" Authenticom by illegally colluding with the number two dealer management company Reynolds.

Rather than selling out, Cottrell blew the whistle, using Cottrell's own words to convince a district court that CDK had violated antitrust law. The court agreed, and ordered CDK and Reynolds – who controlled 90% of the market – to continue to allow Authenticom to participate in the DMS market.

Dealers cheered this on: CDK/Reynolds had been steadily hiking prices, while ingesting dealer data and using it to gouge the dealers on additional services, while denying dealers access to their own data. The services that Authenticom provided for $35/month cost $735/month from CDK/Reynolds (they justified this price hike by saying they needed the additional funds to cover the costs of increased information security!).

CDK/Reynolds appealed the judgment to the 7th Circuit, where a panel of economists weighed in. As Stoller writes, this panel included monopoly's most notorious (and well-compensated) cheerleader, Frank Easterbrook, and the "legendary" Democrat Diane Wood. They argued for CDK/Reynolds, demanding that the court release them from their obligations to share the market with Authenticom:

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-7th-circuit/1879150.html

The 7th Circuit bought the argument, overturning the lower court and paving the way for the CDK/Reynolds monopoly, which is how we ended up with one company's objectively shitty IT systems interwoven into the sale of every car, which meant that when Russian hackers looked at that crosseyed, it split wide open, allowing them to halt auto sales nationwide. What happens next is a near-certainty: CDK will pay a multimillion dollar ransom, and the hackers will reward them by breaching the personal details of everyone who's ever bought a car, and the slaves in Cambodian pig-butchering compounds will get a fresh supply of kompromat.

But on the plus side, the need to pay these huge ransoms is key to ensuring liquidity in the cryptocurrency markets, because ransoms are now the only nondiscretionary liability that can only be settled in crypto:

https://locusmag.com/2022/09/cory-doctorow-moneylike/

When the 7th Circuit set up every American car owner to be pig-butchered, they cited one of the most important cases in antitrust history: the 2004 unanimous Supreme Court decision in Verizon v Trinko:

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2003/02-682

Trinko was a case about whether antitrust law could force Verizon, a telcoms monopolist, to share its lines with competitors, something it had been ordered to do and then cheated on. The decision was written by Antonin Scalia, and without it, Big Tech would never have been able to form. Scalia and Trinko gave us the modern, too-big-to-care versions of Google, Meta, Apple, Microsoft and the other tech baronies.

In his Trinko opinion, Scalia said that "possessing monopoly power" and "charging monopoly prices" was "not unlawful" – rather, it was "an important element of the free-market system." Scalia – writing on behalf of a unanimous court! – said that fighting monopolists "may lessen the incentive for the monopolist…to invest in those economically beneficial facilities."

In other words, in order to prevent monopolists from being too big to care, we have to let them have monopolies. No wonder Trinko is the Zelig of shitty antitrust rulings, from the decision to dismiss the antitrust case against Facebook and Apple's defense in its own ongoing case:

https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/073_2021.06.28_mtd_order_memo.pdf

Trinko is the origin node of too big to care. It's the reason that our whole economy is now composed of "infrastructure" that is made of splitting seams, asbestos, termites and dry rot. It's the reason that the entire automotive sector became dependent on companies like Reynolds, whose billionaire owner intentionally and illegally destroyed evidence of his company's crimes, before going on to commit the largest tax fraud in American history:

https://www.wsj.com/articles/billionaire-robert-brockman-accused-of-biggest-tax-fraud-in-u-s-history-dies-at-81-11660226505

Trinko begs companies to become too big to care. It ensures that they will exponentially increase their IT debt while becoming structurally important to whole swathes of the US economy. It guarantees that they will underinvest in IT security. It is the soil in which pig butchering grew.

It's why you can't buy a car.

Now, I am fond of quoting Stein's Law at moments like this: "anything that can't go on forever will eventually stop." As Stoller writes, after two decades of unchallenged rule, Trinko is looking awfully shaky. It was substantially narrowed in 2023 by the 10th Circuit, which had been briefed by Biden's antitrust division:

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca10/22-1164/22-1164-2023-08-21.html

And the cases of 2024 have something going for them that Trinko lacked in 2004: evidence of what a fucking disaster Trinko is. The wrongness of Trinko is so increasingly undeniable that there's a chance it will be overturned.

But it won't go down easy. As Stoller writes, Trinko didn't emerge from a vacuum: the economic theories that underpinned it come from some of the heroes of orthodox economics, like Joseph Schumpeter, who is positively worshipped. Schumpeter was antitrust's OG hater, who wrote extensively that antitrust law didn't need to exist because any harmful monopoly would be overturned by an inevitable market process dictated by iron laws of economics.

Schumpeter wrote that monopolies could only be sustained by "alertness and energy" – that there would never be a monopoly so secure that its owner became too big to care. But he went further, insisting that the promise of attaining a monopoly was key to investment in great new things, because monopolists had the economic power that let them plan and execute great feats of innovation.

The idea that monopolies are benevolent dictators has pervaded our economic tale for decades. Even today, critics who deplore Facebook and Google do so on the basis that they do not wield their power wisely (say, to stamp out harassment or disinformation). When confronted with the possibility of breaking up these companies or replacing them with smaller platforms, those critics recoil, insisting that without Big Tech's scale, no one will ever have the power to accomplish their goals:

https://pluralistic.net/2023/07/18/urban-wildlife-interface/#combustible-walled-gardens

But they misunderstand the relationship between corporate power and corporate conduct. The reason corporations accumulate power is so that they can be insulated from the consequences of the harms they wreak upon the rest of us. They don't inflict those harms out of sadism: rather, they do so in order to externalize the costs of running a good system, reaping the profits of scale while we pay its costs.

The only reason to accumulate corporate power is to grow too big to care. Any corporation that amasses enough power that it need not care about us will not care about it. You can't fix Facebook by replacing Zuck with a good unelected social media czar with total power over billions of peoples' lives. We need to abolish Zuck, not fix Zuck.

Zuck is not exceptional: there were a million sociopaths whom investors would have funded to monopolistic dominance if he had balked. A monopoly like Facebook has a Zuck-shaped hole at the top of its org chart, and only someone Zuck-shaped will ever fit through that hole.

Our whole economy is now composed of companies with sociopath-shaped holes at the tops of their org chart. The reason these companies can only be run by sociopaths is the same reason that they have become infrastructure that is crumbling due to sociopathic neglect. The reckless disregard for the risk of combining companies is the source of the market power these companies accumulated, and the market power let them neglect their systems to the point of collapse.

This is the system that Schumpeter, and Easterbrook, and Wood, and Scalia – and the entire Supreme Court of 2004 – set out to make. The fact that you can't buy a car is a feature, not a bug. The pig-butcherers, wallowing in an ocean of breach data, are a feature, not a bug. The point of the system was what it did: create unimaginable wealth for a tiny cohort of the worst people on Earth without regard to the collapse this would provoke, or the plight of those of us trapped and suffocating in the rubble.

Support me this summer on the Clarion Write-A-Thon and help raise money for the Clarion Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers' Workshop!

If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this post to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/06/28/dealer-management-software/#antonin-scalia-stole-your-car

Image: Cryteria (modified) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HAL9000.svg

CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en

[pannaginip]

Located 62km north-east of the capital Manila, Daraitan village in Rizal province is home to about 5,700 residents, a majority of whom are members of the Dumagat-Remontado indigenous people who consider vast hectares of the mountain range as part of their ancestral domain.

But the village may soon disappear under the same waters that give it life, once the Philippine government finishes building the Kaliwa Dam – one of 16 flagship infrastructure projects of former president Rodrigo Duterte that is being funded by China.

The new dam is expected to provide Metro Manila with an additional 600 million litres of water daily once it is finished by end-2026. Officials said building the 60m-high reservoir is even more necessary now that the country is starting to feel the impact of the El Nino weather phenomenon.

But it was only in 2021 under Mr Duterte that construction finally broke ground, three years after Manila and Beijing signed the 12 billion peso (S$288 million) loan agreement.

Of the 119 on the list [of flagship projects of the "Build, Build, Build” infrastructure programme], Mr Duterte turned to China to finance 16 big-ticket projects in a bid to cement his legacy by the time his presidency ended in 2022. He embraced Beijing during his term and even downplayed Manila’s claims in the disputed South China Sea in favour of securing loans and grants from China.

Analysts have criticised Mr Duterte’s infrastructure programme as ambitious. Perennial domestic issues like local politics, right-of-way acquisition problems, lack of technology and red tape in bureaucracy led to severe delays in the projects.

The same issues hound the China-funded projects – which come under Beijing’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to build infrastructure in developing nations – with the problems made more severe by Beijing’s high interest rates in its loan agreements and local backlash due to displacement of residents or potential environmental damage.

Critics say the BRI has been detrimental in the long run to some recipient countries, especially those that have been unable to repay their loans, like Sri Lanka and Zambia.

The Duterte government’s failure to take advantage of its BRI loans was a “missed opportunity” for the Philippines, said infrastructure governance specialist Jerik Cruz, a graduate research fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The four completed China-funded projects under Mr Duterte were controversial too. But they came to fruition because they had the support of local politicians allied with Mr Duterte and therefore increased his political capital, said Dr Camba.

Tribal leaders said they were not properly consulted regarding the project that threatens their traditional way of life. Environmentalists from the Stop Kaliwa Dam Network also say the project would destroy 126 species of flora and fauna in the Sierra Madre.

The Philippines’ Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act states that the government must first secure a tribe’s free, prior and informed consent before building on its ancestral lands.

But Ms Clara Dullas, one of the leaders of the Dumagat-Remontado in Rizal, alleged that the Duterte government had either misinformed or pressured other tribe members into giving their consent.

She could not bear to hold grudges, though, noting that the Dumagat-Remontado organisations that eventually agreed to the Kaliwa Dam were each given 80 million pesos, or $1.9 million, in “disturbance” fees.

“The Kaliwa Dam is the reason why our tribe is divided now. There is a crack in our relationships even if we all come from the same family,” said Ms Dullas. “I can’t blame the others because we lack money. I believe there was bribery involved.”

The government requires them to present identification documents, and only those given passes may enter. Mr Dizon said this is to ensure that no unidentified personnel enter the area [close to the construction zone].

“We feel like we are foreigners in our own home because the Chinese and the people in our own government are now preventing us from entering the lands where we grew up,” said tribe leader Renato Ibanez, 48.

Mr Ibanez also accuses the Philippine authorities of harassing tribe members who are vocal against Kaliwa Dam. Some of them have been accused of working with communist rebels, a charge the tribe vehemently denies.

Unlike his predecessor, Mr Marcos is more aggressive in defending Manila’s overlapping claims with Beijing in the South China Sea, but still fosters economic ties with it.

Geopolitical tensions between the two nations and Mr Marcos’ stance towards Beijing are going to dictate the fate of the pending China-funded projects the President inherited from Mr Duterte, said Mr Cruz.

Tribe members said they would be more amenable if Mr Marcos would revisit Japan’s proposed Kaliwa Intake Weir project that Mr Duterte had set aside.

“We like Japan’s proposal. It would not destroy our forests. It would not affect residents here. The Philippines would not be buried in debt,” said Ms Dullas.

This was among the alternatives the Dumagat-Remontados offered during their nine-day march in February 2023, when some 300 members walked 150km from Quezon and Rizal all the way to Manila to protest against the Kaliwa Dam.

But they failed to secure an audience with Mr Marcos. They remain wary of the President’s position on the Kaliwa Dam and other controversial China-funded deals.

“As much as we want to fully pin our hopes on him, we don’t. We’ve learnt from past efforts to trick us, make us believe a project is about to end, only for it to be resurrected again years later,” said Ms Dullas.

2024 Mar. 3

[gabessquishytum]

Warprize Hob, but he’s someone else’s warprize pet when he and Dream meet.

King Dream is visiting another kingdom and is shown the ruler’s newest acquisition, Hob, and apart from being immediately enthralled he can tell that Hob’s situation is…not great.

He’s not being tortured or traumatized, but it’s clear that his pleasure or care is very secondary to his owner’s, and he doesn’t really receive focused attention or aftercare or even rewards for good behavior. Dream’s not even sure Hob received any training in learning to enjoy his position, that any pleasure he gets from pain or humiliation is entirely coincidence and incidental. Even if he wasn’t interested in Hob specifically, Dream would disapprove on principle. He’s now determined to take Hob for himself and give him all the attention he deserves.

Now either this kingdom is small or insignificant enough that Dream feels comfortable just menacing its ruler into handing Hob over, or it’s large or important enough that Dream must negotiate or challenge for Hob and win (if the latter the ruler is probably Lucifer and the challenge is something similar to canon). Either way though, I think beforehand Dream is given an opportunity to win Hob’s personal regard that he takes full advantage of; it’s the practice of this court to essentially loan out their warprizes to particularly important foreign dignitaries for the duration of their stay, and either by lucky chance or manipulation Dream is given Hob.

Dream wastes no time dedicating every spare moment he has on Hob, on treating him right, and showering him with every bit of pleasure and care he could ever want. By the time Dream turns his attention to claiming Hob from his soon-to-be-previous owner, Hob is at least halfway in love and dearly hoping for Dream’s success.

Dream starts heading home with Hob tucked into his side, and he’s already sent word ahead to prepare clothing and accessories and sex toys for his new prize.

-🪽anon

I ABSOLUTELY love this. Yes Dream, steal that traumatised hottie and take him home!!!

Kinda love the idea that Lucifer has been keeping Hob up to now and showing him off as a prize from the latest land they conquered. Hob was just a random soldier who happened to survive but Lucifer likes telling people that he was a prince. They dress Hob in chains and rags and generally humiliate him, which Hob isn’t super into to be honest, not when he hasn't had a decent meal in 3 months.

Dream gets the dubious honour of having Hob all to himself for the duration of the visit. Lucifer gives him permission to do anything short of killing Hob, but Dream is generally horrified by the whole situation. He gives Hob a bath, dresses him properly and feeds him!!! Which pretty much endears him to Hob for life. Dream is genuinely captivated by the lovely doe eyed warprize and is determined to have him - but he knows that Lucifer won't give in without a fight.

For the entirety of Dream’s visit they spend time together, and Dream bestows as much pleasure on Hob as possible. He sucks his little cock, fucks him, even lets Hob switch and fuck him. He learns about Hob secret little kinks and makes him cum at least four times every day. Hob is suddenly in sensory heaven, and he begs Dream not to leave him.

And of course Dream doesn't. He challenges Lucifer for the ownship of their prize, and he WINS - in front of the entire assembled court. And he makes a quick exit with Hob in tow. He's aware that Lucifer is now seriously pissed off.

Oh, but it's worth it. Hob is a treasure. Endlessly loyal and eager to please, he would do absolutely anything to make Dream happy. He curls up at the foot of Dream’s bed each night and Dream can hear him thanking the gods for his rescuer. Such a sweet little thing. And he's quite the slut too, when he's treated right.

He loves to be allowed to cum multiple times over the day, but really his favourite thing is to have Dream’s cum on his skin. Whether Dream gives him a facial, or paints the lovely swell of his arse with release, Hob is bound to moan ecstatically. It reminds him that he belongs to Dream, now. He methodically rubs Dream’s cum into his flesh until the entire palace knows that he's been fucked.

And Dream loves him more with every passing day.

[zenia62]

Letters From Daendels to Janssens (Part 2)

Hey guys, this is part 2 of the Daendels letter to/from Janssens. Why did I put or? Bcs I saw that some of them were written by Janssens to Daendels instead 👀 As usual, translation might not be accurate since I'm only using google translate 🙏

The Governor-General Daendels to General of Division Janssens, appointed by the Emperor, our august sovereign, to the General Government of Java. MONSIEUR LE GÉNÉRAL!

"I have duly received the various letters dated April 27 and May 9, with which Your Excellency has honored me. According to the decision of Your Excellency, I am preparing to hand over the Government on this very day, as Your Excellency desires.

I believe it is my duty, while awaiting Your Excellency's arrival, to inform you of my work in the areas of organization, finance, and administration of this island, so that Your Excellency, from the very moment of assuming the reins of the Colonial Government, can judge whether it has been based on sound financial principles and rules of good governance; whether it aligns with the customs of the Javanese people; and whether I have succeeded in rectifying past abuses without creating new ones.

Your Excellency, in traveling through Java, will observe the works that I have undertaken and completed in the brief period of my administration. You will see Fort Louis, the piers that have given the necessary depth to the entrance of the Surabaya River, the construction workshop, the new hospital, the new Land Registry building, and the projects started for the naval workshops and warehouses, along with housing for employees. There is also a townhouse, a society building, and an inn gathered in the same location.

Your Excellency will travel the new Surabaya road to Batavia and note the improvements made to postal and courier services. The new canal connecting the Joana and Tangaloang Rivers will also catch your attention. This canal and its branches have proven greatly beneficial for transporting goods and clearing large tracts of previously inundated land, now drained and made cultivable. Your Excellency will visit Semarang to inspect the iron foundry and the new coffee warehouse, as well as improvements made to the city hospital.

Your Excellency knows that we have evacuated the castle in Batavia and concentrated all administrative and judicial offices, along with the High Court of Justice, at the heart of the city. Your Excellency will visit the new Governmental Hotel at Molenvliet, the Treasury, and other establishments. At Rywijk, you will see the Weltevrede Garden, the new magazine and artillery park, the new rice warehouses, and the new field of Mars designated for the Governor-General.

I will not dwell further on these works, confident Your Excellency will recognize their utility. Regarding the general organization of the colony, I enclose a Compendium of the Laws organized under my government, from January 1808 to December 1810. These should assist Your Excellency in understanding the principles guiding these reforms.

Financially, as per the report of the Director-General, revenues exceeded those from January 1808, amounting to 9,743,545 Rixdollars. This was achieved despite forced loans and adverse circumstances. Regarding military preparations, our forces were nearly nonexistent upon Your Excellency's arrival, but they are now better equipped, and French and European troops are stronger than ever.

Relations with Javanese princes remain friendly, and the government has been more respected than under my predecessors. Finally, on land acquisitions, significant progress has been made, notably in Bantam, with administrative costs kept minimal. Thus, Monsieur le Général, I leave the colony in a state of readiness under Your Excellency’s direction. I have the honor of being, Your Excellency's obedient servant, DAENDELS Buitenzorg, May 13, 1811

Received en route between Byabang and Tjioeroegoang on May 14, 1811. J. W. JANSSENS

To be honest, I was kinda confused on what Daendels means by "Your excellency" in the letter 🤔 Is he reffering to Janssens? since I believe by the time this letter was written, Daendels was already replaced by him. But why does Daendels still called himself governor -general on the beginning of the letter? I'll analyze this later on 😌 if u guys know the answer, pls do tell me haha 🫶 Anyways, that's all for now, thank you guys n have a great day, stay safe 🌙

[edgarxfortier]

𝐁𝐀𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐒

Name: Edgar Michael Yang-Fortier

Age: 38

Occupation: Manager of Desert Bloom Winery

Affiliation: Donor for Obsidian Holdings

Gender & Pronouns: Man (he/him)

Languages spoken: English; French; Mandarin

DOB: March 18, 1986

Zodiac: Pisces

Blood type: AB+

Alignment: chaotic neutral

Gender: Cisgender man

Pronouns: he/him

Sexuality: demiromantic bisexual

Height: 6’2”

Eye color: Hazel

Hair color: Dark Brown

Religious affiliation: Buddhist

Scars: small scar bisecting left eyebrow

Tattoos: Many (including the majority of FC’s actual tattoos), mostly small. Most notable: snake on right forearm; fleur de lis on left ankle; koi fish on side of left wrist.

Faceclaim: Lewis Tan

𝐁𝐈𝐎𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐏𝐇𝐘

tw death

Edgar Yang-Fortier had sold his soul to the devil. How else was he supposed to feel when the only thing he’d ever wanted, ever worked for, had been bought and sold through bribery and extortion? 

Edgar Yang-Fortier had grown up in relative luxury. For generations, the Fortier family had been renowned vintners. They’d started out in southern France only to immigrate to Paxton, Arizona a few decades back. It was then that Desert Bloom Winery was born, when Xavier Fortier met and married Daiyu Yang, the daughter of a local farmer. On paper, the match appeared to be blessed – Xavier had been born and bred into wine making knowledge, and Daiyu came from a long line of people who’d loved and cared for their parcel of land. Their two expertises, then, could be nothing less that fruitful. In practice, though, the match was ill fated from the start. 

Xavier Fortier was something of a monster who terrorized his young family behind closed doors. On top of that, over the years, he developed a gambling habit, often finding himself indebted to a variety of sources. So, it came as no surprise, then, when, on the occasion of his death a mere year ago, it was discovered that Desert Bloom Winery was so steeped in debt that there was simply no other option than to sell. 

It was then that Obsidian Holdings came knocking. Edgar had met and had a brief fling with Lindsey Gallagher during their college days, but college had ended and he’d returned to Paxton with the intent of taking over the winery, and had hardly thought twice about the woman in the years that followed. Finding her on his doorstep days after his father’s funeral had come as a surprise, but her offer had felt like an inevitability. 

Without the knowledge of his siblings, Edgar accepted the offer – sell the winery in all but name to Obsidian Holdings and continue to operate business as usual. The winery would host events when Obsidian needed and the Fortier-Yang family would become donors to the cause, but in the way that it counted – for pride’s sake – they would be able to hold on to their legacy.

The offer was clearly extortionary. Edgar could see all of the ways this could go up in flames, but he’d been given an opportunity to redeem and secure his family’s legacy and he would take it even if it required making a deal with the devil. His siblings aren’t aware of the inner workings of the deal. In their minds, he’s simply accepted a loan which has allowed him to push off some of the business’s debt for the time being, but Edgar knows better – he’s doomed himself all for the chance to save his family, and he’d do it again if he had to. 

𝐏𝐋𝐎𝐓 𝐀𝐑𝐂

Edgar likes to believe that he’s a neutral party. He’d grown up in this town, known both Randall and Alicia, but had never allowed himself to become enmeshed in the goings on of the Cowboy Mafia. As a donor to Obsidian Holdings, though, and the face of their newest acquisition, it’s difficult to remain neutral in this fight. He hates everything Obsidian stands for, hates who he has become, but recognizes that to save his family’s legacy, he would take that deal every sing time. 

[thaiattorney]

Buying Property in Thailand

Thailand is an attractive destination for property buyers due to its scenic landscapes, vibrant cities, and welcoming culture. However, purchasing property in Thailand, especially as a foreigner, involves navigating a complex legal framework and understanding the local market intricacies. This comprehensive guide will provide detailed insights, enhancing expertise and credibility by delving into the legalities, procedures, and best practices for buying property in Thailand.

1. Understanding the Legal Framework

Key Legal Restrictions:

Land Code Act B.E. 2497 (1954): Foreigners cannot own land in Thailand except under specific conditions.

Condominium Act B.E. 2522 (1979): Foreigners can own up to 49% of the total floor area of a condominium building.

Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 (1999): Regulates foreign business activities and investments, impacting property purchases for business purposes.

Exceptions and Alternatives:

Board of Investment (BOI) Projects: Foreigners investing in BOI-promoted projects can acquire land under specific conditions.

Long-Term Leases: Foreigners can lease land for up to 30 years, with options to renew.

Thai Company Ownership: Forming a Thai company where foreigners hold less than 50% of shares allows indirect land ownership.

2. Types of Property Available for Purchase

Condominiums:

Freehold Ownership: Foreigners can own condominium units outright.

Ownership Percentage: The foreign ownership quota in a condominium building should not exceed 49%.

Leasehold Properties:

Land and Houses: Foreigners can lease land and houses for up to 30 years, with potential for renewal.

Registration: Leases exceeding three years must be registered at the Land Department to be legally enforceable.

Investment Properties:

Commercial Real Estate: Foreigners can invest in commercial properties through long-term leases or joint ventures with Thai partners.

Resort and Hotel Investments: Special regulations apply to foreign investments in resort and hotel properties, often requiring joint ventures.

3. Due Diligence and Legal Processes

Conducting Due Diligence:

Title Search: Verify the property’s legal status, ownership history, and any encumbrances or disputes.

Zoning and Land Use: Ensure the property complies with local zoning laws and land use regulations.

Environmental Compliance: Check for any environmental restrictions or issues affecting the property.

Engaging Legal and Financial Advisors:

Real Estate Lawyer: Hire a reputable lawyer specializing in Thai real estate to guide you through the legal processes.

Financial Advisor: Consult a financial advisor to understand tax implications, financing options, and investment strategies.

Steps in the Buying Process:

Reservation Agreement: Sign a reservation agreement and pay a reservation fee to secure the property.

Due Diligence: Conduct thorough due diligence with the help of legal advisors.

Sale and Purchase Agreement (SPA): Draft and sign the SPA, detailing the terms and conditions of the sale.

Deposit Payment: Pay a deposit, typically 10-30% of the purchase price.

Transfer of Ownership: Complete the transfer at the Land Department, paying the remaining balance and associated fees.

4. Costs and Taxes Involved

Purchase Costs:

Transfer Fee: 2% of the appraised property value.

Stamp Duty: 0.5% of the purchase price or appraised value, whichever is higher.

Withholding Tax: 1% of the appraised value or the actual sale price, whichever is higher.

Specific Business Tax (SBT): 3.3% of the appraised or actual sale price, applicable if the property is sold within five years of acquisition.

Ongoing Costs:

Common Area Fees: Monthly fees for maintenance of common areas in condominiums.

Property Tax: Annual property tax based on the assessed value of the property.

Utilities and Maintenance: Regular expenses for utilities, repairs, and maintenance.

5. Financing Options

Local Financing:

Thai Banks: Some Thai banks offer mortgage loans to foreigners for condominium purchases.

Eligibility Criteria: Generally, borrowers need to have a work permit, proof of income, and a good credit history.

Foreign Financing:

Home Country Banks: Some buyers secure financing from banks in their home countries, leveraging their assets abroad.

International Mortgage Providers: Specialized financial institutions provide mortgages for international property purchases.

Payment Plans:

Developer Financing: Some developers offer financing plans with staggered payments during the construction period.

Installment Payments: Buyers can negotiate installment payments directly with sellers or developers.

6. Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

Legal Complications:

Unclear Title: Always verify the title to avoid disputes and ensure clear ownership.

Zoning Issues: Confirm zoning regulations to ensure the property can be used as intended.

Contractual Disputes: Have all agreements reviewed by a lawyer to prevent misunderstandings and ensure enforceability.

Financial Risks:

Currency Fluctuations: Be aware of exchange rate risks when making payments in foreign currency.

Hidden Costs: Account for all additional costs such as taxes, fees, and maintenance expenses.

Financing Challenges: Ensure you have a clear financing plan and understand the terms of any loans or payment plans.

7. Enhancing Expertise and Credibility

Demonstrating Professional Credentials:

Legal Qualifications: Highlight the legal qualifications and experience of your advisors and partners.

Professional Experience: Detail your experience in handling property transactions in Thailand.

Memberships and Affiliations: Include memberships in professional organizations like the Thai Bar Association, the Real Estate Broker Association, or international property associations.

Providing Authoritative References:

Cite Legal Documents: Reference specific sections of the Land Code Act and Condominium Act to support your points.

Expert Opinions: Incorporate insights from recognized experts in Thai real estate law and property investment.

Including Detailed Case Studies:

Client Testimonials: Feature testimonials from clients who have successfully purchased property in Thailand with your assistance.

Real-Life Examples: Provide detailed examples of successful transactions, highlighting any challenges overcome and solutions implemented.

Visual Aids and Infographics:

Process Flowcharts: Use flowcharts to depict the steps involved in the property buying process.

Diagrams: Create diagrams to visually explain key legal concepts and ownership structures.

[scotianostra]

DavysStreams

@davysstreams

A Tumblr blog for my streams, Sports, TV Shows and Movies, give me a shout if you want anything posted.

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davysstreams

Jan 18, 2022

If you don’t want to miss a game why not go for an IPTV set up.  DM @Gabbo1980 on Twitter, and mention my name, you get ALL the games and more the costs just £10 a month or £70 for a full year, it is the way forward and in my eyes a bargain. You’ll need an Android box or better still a Amazon Firestick, which costs around £30, but you wont regret it. Some TV’s have also got Android on them nowadays. As well as sports you get loads of other stuff, all the Sky Cinema channels,  documentaries, kids channels, channels from around the world including Irish TV channels, USA Movies,  if you were paying for this through Sky, BT, Virgin etc it would be over £100 per month.

4 notes

davysstreams

4m ago

May 13th 1568 saw the Battle of Langside.

The army under King James VI name was under the command of the Regent and Mary’s half brother James Stewart, Earl of Moray whilst his deputy and commander of the vanguard was James Douglas, Earl of Morton. The army consisted of troops hastily assembled but included some experienced soldiers - notably William Kirkcaldy of Grange.  Furthermore the Regent’s cause was widely supported amongst the Scottish nobility, many of whom had profited from the Reformation not least from the cheap acquisition of former church lands.

The Queen’s army, whilst nominally headed by the Mary, was under the military command of Archibald Campbell, Earl of Argyll. It included a number of a notable magnates amongst them the Earls of Eglinton, Casselis and Rothes.

With The Earl of Morton in command of his main force, Moray appointed Kirkcaldy to have ‘special care as an experimented captain to oversee every danger‘. Kirkcaldy took two hundred hagbutters “musketeers” forward to occupy cottages on each side of Long Loan, where garden walls offered protection from cannon fire, and he reserved two hundred pikemen and cavalry on the west side of the village.  

Realising the danger, Mary sent Maitland to negotiaite with Moray, but the Hamilton’s were spoiling for a fight and jumped the gun. Kirkcaldy rode from wing to wing to supervise the defences, while the twenty-five-year-old Lord Claud Hamilton advanced with Mary’s main army of 2,000 men supported by and George, 5th Lord Seton’s cavalry.  They stormed into Long Loan, where Kirkcaldy picked them off easily with his hagbutters backed by Ker of Cessford and Home, on foot with pike in hand, leading his six hundred spearmen.  Mary’s troops fought their way forward bravely despite the cost, and almost turned Moray’s right flank, but Kirkcaldy, ever vigilant, saw the danger.  He called up the rear-guard led by Sir William Douglas and Lindsay as reinforcement.

Kirkcaldy had orders from Moray to minimise bloodshed, and his forces struck the enemy on their flanks and faces, throwing them into confusion.  Mary’s van needed support from the main body of her troops under Argyll, but it is said that at this critical moment he fainted, possibly with an epileptic fit, and the leaderless Argylls refused to budge without him.  According to a French source, Mary rode forward from a nearby hill to lead them into battle herself, but the Argylls continued to quarrel among themselves and would not listen to her ‘eloquence’.  Yet it is more probable that she made good her escape.

Kirkcaldy now moved forward, sending in pikemen against the Hamilton’s, but obeying Moray’s instruction to avoid loss of life and to capture as many as he could.  Mary’s troops were routed, and the Argyll’s broke away, fleeing back to the Highlands.  Argyll, the unwitting cause of Mary’s disaster, escaped to Dunoon, and would not submit to Moray.  Only a hundred of Mary’s men were slain but three hundred, including Seton, James, 4th Lord Ross, and Sir James Hamilton of Finnart, were taken prisoner.   Robert Melville, who had not been involved in the fighting, was also captured, but, with Kirkcaldy as his brother-in-law and two brothers supporting Moray, he was soon freed.  The whole skirmish that sealed Mary’s fate, and it was little more than this, took three-quarters of an hour.

A couple of interesting asides is the map’s depiction of Glasgow at this period. Despite its cathedral and university, it was little more than a town surrounding its castle. And  William Kirkcaldy of Grange, who basically won the battle for King James as the only experienced “general”, went on to support Mary suggesting a peaceful settlement with her was possible

Grange went on to hold Edinburgh Castle in her name in what is known as the “lang siege” after surrendering he was hanged on 3rd August 1573.

[shiningsagittarius]

Tumblr’s Favorite Cog: Round 2

I thought it’d be fun to take the results from my other polls and put them against each other to get a final winner, so go ahead and vote for your favorite cog out of these options!

(The street manager poll ended in a tie so I flipped a coin to get Duck Shuffler, sorry Firestarter enjoyers)

[basicfinanceloan]

Unlock Your Business Potential with Tailored Financial Solutions

In today’s dynamic business landscape, securing the right financing can be a game-changer for businesses looking to expand or undertake significant projects. Whether you’re a property developer or a business owner, having access to the right funding options ensures that your vision can come to life seamlessly.

Property Development Finance: A Catalyst for Growth

For property developers, funding is the backbone of any project. Whether you’re planning to construct residential apartments, commercial complexes, or mixed-use developments, Property Development Finance provides the necessary capital to turn your blueprints into reality.

This type of financing covers expenses such as land acquisition, construction costs, and related fees, ensuring that you have the resources to complete your project on time and within budget. By opting for tailored development loans, you can focus on building exceptional properties while the financial aspect is expertly managed.

Asset Finance Business Loan: Empower Your Business with Smart Funding

Running a business often requires significant investments in assets such as machinery, vehicles, or technology. With an Asset Finance Business Loan, businesses can acquire these critical assets without straining their cash flow.

Asset finance allows businesses to access essential equipment with flexible repayment options, ensuring growth and operational efficiency. By leveraging this financing option, companies can maintain liquidity while acquiring the tools they need to thrive in a competitive market.

Choose the Right Financial Partner

Selecting a reliable financial partner like Basic Finance Loans ensures you receive customized solutions that align with your unique needs. With expertise in providing tailored loans, Basic Finance Loans empowers businesses and property developers to achieve their goals without financial constraints.

Whether you need Property Development Finance for your next real estate venture or an Asset Finance Business Loan to upgrade your business operations, the right financing can pave the way for success. Visit Basic Finance Loans today to explore your options.

[shaikpet]

Commercial Land for Sale in Kokapet: Tax Benefits of Owning Office Space

Description

Discover the financial advantages of investing in commercial land for sale in Kokapet. Learn how owning commercial space for sale in Kokapetprovides tax benefits while ensuring steady returns and capital growth.

Tax Benefits of Owning Commercial Office Space in Kokapet

Investing in commercial land for sale in Kokapet is not only about generating rental income or property appreciation but also about leveraging tax advantages. These benefits, provided under Indian tax laws, can significantly reduce your financial liabilities and enhance profitability.

1. Depreciation on Commercial Property

Commercial properties, including office spaces, are eligible for depreciation under the Income Tax Act. Owners can claim an annual deduction on the building's value, which reduces taxable income. For premium projects like Pooja Crafted Homes’ IGBC-certified commercial spaces, this benefit becomes a valuable tool for investors.

2. Interest Deductions on Loans

If you finance the purchase of commercial property for sale in Kokapet through a loan, the interest paid is tax-deductible. This deduction lowers the overall cost of financing and is a significant advantage for investors in prime properties such as those by Pooja Crafted Homes.

3. Tax Deductions on Repairs and Maintenance

The expenses incurred on maintaining commercial space for sale in Kokapet are tax-deductible. Projects offering modern facilities, like Pooja Crafted Homes, often minimize these costs, further enhancing the net benefit of tax deductions.

4. Capital Gains Tax Exemptions

When you sell commercial property in Kokapet, reinvesting the proceeds in specified government bonds (Section 54EC of the Income Tax Act) can help defer or avoid capital gains tax. This makes Kokapet a profitable destination for long-term investments in commercial real estate.

5. GST Benefits

Buyers of under-construction properties in projects like Pooja Crafted Homes may claim GST input credits, significantly reducing the effective cost of acquisition. This is a key advantage for those exploring commercial land for sale in Kokapet.

About the Project: Pooja Crafted Homes

Pooja Crafted Homes introduces a premium commercial project in Kokapet, combining luxury, sustainability, and functionality. Spread over 3.1 acres with a saleable area of 1.6 million sft, this project offers state-of-the-art commercial spaces designed to meet modern business needs.

Key Features:

Grade A Commercial Spaces: Ideal for IT firms, multinational corporations, and startups.

Strategic Connectivity: Located near Gachibowli, HITEC City, and the Outer Ring Road (ORR).

Amenities: 30 elevators, 24/7 security, power backup, and landscaped gardens.

Sustainability: IGBC Green Building certification ensures eco-friendly construction.

This project stands out as a prime choice for those looking for commercial space for sale in Kokapet.

Kokapet: A Thriving Investment Hub

Kokapet is emerging as Hyderabad’s next big commercial destination, offering unparalleled growth potential. Its seamless connectivity to IT hubs like Gachibowli and HITEC City ensures high demand for commercial property in Kokapet, translating to consistent rental income and significant appreciation in value.

Investors also benefit from the area’s robust infrastructure, which includes schools, hospitals, and retail spaces, all within a 10-minute drive. The growing popularity of Kokapet ensures steady returns and additional tax benefits for those owning commercial land for sale in Kokapet.

Conclusion

Investing in commercial land for sale in Kokapet provides not just excellent returns and rental yields but also significant tax advantages. From depreciation benefits and loan interest deductions to capital gains exemptions, the financial perks are compelling.

With projects like Pooja Crafted Homes offering premium facilities and legal transparency, owning commercial property in Kokapet ensures a profitable and secure investment. Kokapet remains a thriving hub for businesses and investors looking to maximize growth and minimize tax liabilities.

[propreciate]

What is Real Estate Development Business?

The real estate development business plays a significant role in the growth of cities, shaping neighborhoods, and creating valuable investment opportunities. For those interested in real estate investing, understanding real estate development is essential as it encompasses various stages of transforming raw land or old structures into profitable properties. In this article, we’ll dive into what real estate development is, the types of projects involved, and why it can be a rewarding aspect of real estate investing.

What is Real Estate Development?

Real estate developers focus on two main types of projects:

Residential Development: Creating homes, condos, and apartments.

Commercial Development: Constructing retail centers, offices, industrial parks, and hotels.

Developers often work closely with architects, contractors, engineers, and city planners to bring these projects to life.

The Real Estate Development Process

The real estate development process includes several key stages:

Research and Market Analysis

Before starting any project, developers conduct thorough research and analysis to understand the market demand, economic trends, and the potential for profitability. By studying local real estate trends and regulations, developers can identify suitable locations and target markets for their projects.

Site Selection and Acquisition

After identifying a viable market, developers look for suitable land or property. The goal is to acquire property that aligns with the project’s objectives and budget. This may involve negotiating with sellers, securing funding, and conducting feasibility studies.

Planning and Design

During this stage, architects and designers collaborate with developers to create blueprints and layouts that meet project goals and comply with local zoning regulations. Real estate investing success heavily depends on this phase, as design and functionality greatly impact market appeal.

Financing and Funding

Real estate development often requires substantial capital, so developers may seek financing from banks, private lenders, or investors. This could involve securing loans, forming partnerships, or finding backers who are interested in real estate investing and willing to share in the profits.

Construction

With all approvals in place, construction begins. This stage involves hiring contractors, managing building crews, and ensuring the project stays on schedule and within budget.

Marketing and Sales or Leasing

Once the project is near completion, developers begin marketing to attract buyers or tenants. For residential developments, the focus is often on selling units, while for commercial properties, it may involve leasing spaces to businesses.

Project Completion and Management

After selling or leasing the property, developers may either exit the project or continue managing it. Some developers keep properties within their portfolio, generating long-term rental income—a common goal in real estate investing.

Why Real Estate Development is Key to Real Estate Investing

Real estate development offers multiple advantages for investors and developers alike:

Wealth Creation: Development projects, particularly in prime locations, can lead to substantial profits. Investors in real estate development benefit from both immediate and long-term financial gains, especially when projects appreciate over time.

Community Impact: Real estate development transforms areas by creating housing, employment, and essential services, benefiting local communities and fostering economic growth.

Diverse Investment Opportunities: For those interested in real estate investing, development offers several entry points, from financing and ownership to hands-on project management. It allows investors to diversify their portfolios with residential, commercial, or mixed-use properties.

Challenges in Real Estate Development

Despite its rewards, real estate development also comes with challenges:

High Risk: Market downturns, economic fluctuations, and rising construction costs can impact profitability.

Complex Regulations: Developers must navigate local zoning laws, permits, and environmental regulations, which can complicate projects and increase costs.

Funding and Financing: Real estate development requires substantial capital. Developers often rely on loans and investors, but securing funding can be challenging, particularly for large-scale projects.

How to Get Started in Real Estate Development

If you’re considering entering real estate development, here are some steps to get started:

Gain Industry Knowledge: Learn the basics of real estate investing and development by studying industry trends, financing options, and successful projects.

Build a Network: Connect with industry professionals like architects, contractors, and investors. Strong connections can help you navigate projects more efficiently and build credibility in the market.

Start Small: Consider starting with smaller, manageable projects like renovating a home or developing a single-family property. Smaller projects reduce risk and help you gain valuable experience in real estate investing.

Seek Funding and Partnerships: Partnering with experienced developers or investors can provide funding and guidance. Many newcomers to real estate investing start with joint ventures to build their portfolios.

Conclusion

The real estate development business is a dynamic and profitable area of real estate investing that combines creativity, financial strategy, and market knowledge. Development transforms spaces from residential neighborhoods to commercial hubs and adds value to communities. While the challenges are real, the potential for wealth creation and community impact make it an exciting avenue for investors.

If you want to grow in real estate investing, consider exploring the world of real estate development. With the right planning, partnerships, and resources, you can be part of a transformative industry that shapes the future of cities and neighborhoods.

[ramishan]

How to Do Real Estate Business in India: A Step-by-Step Guide

The Indian real estate sector is a dynamic and profitable field, offering vast opportunities for entrepreneurs. As urbanization grows and infrastructure improves, the demand for residential, commercial, and industrial properties continues to rise. Venturing into the real estate business in India can be a lucrative choice, but it requires strategic planning, market knowledge, and legal compliance to succeed.

In this blog, we’ll explore the essential steps and strategies for starting and managing a successful real estate business in India.

Why Choose the Real Estate Sector in India? India's real estate sector contributes significantly to the nation’s GDP, ranking as the second-largest employer after agriculture. Factors like rising disposable incomes, a growing middle class, government initiatives such as the Housing for All scheme, and increased foreign direct investment (FDI) have made the real estate sector a cornerstone of economic growth.

Starting a real estate business in India enables entrepreneurs to tap into this booming market while contributing to urban development.

Step 1: Learn the Basics of Real Estate Before entering the market, understanding the fundamentals of the real estate business in India is crucial. The industry operates across several verticals:

Residential Real Estate: Includes apartments, villas, and gated communities. Commercial Real Estate: Focuses on office spaces, malls, and co-working spaces. Land Development: Involves acquiring land for future projects. Real Estate Investing: Buying properties to generate rental income or resale profits. Knowing these categories helps you identify your area of interest and expertise.

Step 2: Conduct Market Research Market research is the foundation of a successful real estate business. Here’s how to get started:

Study Local Trends: Understand which cities or neighborhoods are witnessing growth in property demand. Cities like Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Pune are hotspots for real estate. Target Audience: Determine your target audience, such as first-time homebuyers, luxury property seekers, or corporate clients. Competitive Analysis: Identify major competitors and analyze their business models, pricing, and customer engagement strategies. By analyzing market data, you can make informed decisions about where and how to invest your efforts.

Step 3: Choose a Business Model The real estate business offers various operational models. Decide which one aligns with your skills, resources, and long-term goals:

Brokerage Services: Facilitate transactions between buyers and sellers. Property Development: Build residential or commercial properties for sale or lease. Real Estate Investment: Purchase properties to generate rental income or long-term capital gains. Property Management: Manage and maintain properties for landlords or owners. Each model has its pros and cons, so choose based on your expertise and available capital.

Step 4: Meet Legal Requirements To operate a legitimate real estate business in India, you must comply with various legal and regulatory requirements. These include:

Business Registration: Register your company under the appropriate business structure, such as sole proprietorship, partnership, or private limited company. RERA Registration: The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016, mandates registration for all real estate agents and developers with their respective state RERA authorities. Tax Compliance: Obtain a GST registration and maintain proper tax records. Property Laws: Familiarize yourself with local land acquisition and zoning laws. Ensuring legal compliance not only protects your business but also builds trust among clients.

Step 5: Secure Funding The real estate business in India often requires significant capital investment, whether for purchasing properties or marketing services. Here are some funding options:

Bank Loans: Apply for real estate loans or business loans from banks and financial institutions. Private Investors: Partner with investors who share your vision. Government Schemes: Explore government-backed funding options for affordable housing or infrastructure development projects. Personal Savings: Use personal funds for initial investments to reduce borrowing risks. Proper financial planning ensures the stability and growth of your business.

Step 6: Build Your Team A strong team is critical for the success of your real estate business. Consider hiring professionals such as:

Real Estate Agents: Skilled agents who can handle property transactions. Legal Advisors: Lawyers to ensure compliance with property laws. Marketing Specialists: Experts who can promote your brand and services. Property Inspectors: Professionals who assess the condition and value of properties. A well-rounded team can help you manage operations efficiently.

Step 7: Develop a Marketing Strategy Marketing is essential to grow your visibility and attract clients in the real estate business in India. Here’s how you can market effectively:

Online Marketing: Build a professional website. List properties on platforms like MagicBricks, 99acres, and Housing.com. Use social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and LinkedIn for outreach. Search Engine Optimization (SEO): Optimize your website with keywords like "real estate business in India" to rank higher on search engines. Content Marketing: Publish blogs, videos, and client testimonials to build credibility. Networking Events: Attend property expos and real estate seminars to connect with potential clients and investors. Combining online and offline strategies can maximize your reach.

Step 8: Focus on Customer Satisfaction Client satisfaction is the cornerstone of a successful real estate business in India. Here are ways to ensure your clients are happy:

Transparency: Be honest and upfront about property details, pricing, and legal formalities. Personalized Service: Tailor your services to meet the specific needs of your clients. After-Sales Support: Offer support even after the deal is closed, such as helping with documentation or home improvement services. Satisfied clients are likely to recommend your business to others, helping you build a strong reputation.

Challenges in Real Estate Business While the real estate business in India is lucrative, it comes with its share of challenges:

Regulatory Compliance: Navigating complex laws and procedures. Market Volatility: Fluctuations in property prices and demand. High Competition: Standing out in a crowded market. Financing Risks: Managing cash flow and debt. By anticipating these challenges and preparing accordingly, you can mitigate risks and focus on growth.

The Future of Real Estate in India The future of the real estate business in India is promising, driven by trends like:

Affordable Housing: Increased demand due to government initiatives. Smart Cities: Development of technology-driven urban centers. Green Buildings: Focus on eco-friendly and energy-efficient properties. Co-Working Spaces: Rising demand for flexible office spaces. Staying ahead of these trends can help you adapt to the changing market dynamics.

Conclusion Starting a real estate business in India can be an excellent opportunity to tap into a growing market with immense potential. By conducting thorough market research, complying with legal requirements, building a strong team, and focusing on marketing and customer satisfaction, you can establish a successful and sustainable business.

Although challenges exist, the rewards far outweigh the risks for those who are committed to learning, adapting, and growing in this vibrant industry. With the right strategy and determination, you can make your mark in India's thriving real estate sector.

[constructionloansnz]

Development Finance in NZ: What You Need to Know to Fund Your Project

As we all know, building and property development requires careful planning and substantial funding. Whether in New Zealand or any other country, people desire the same. Therefore, as a resolution, sticking to “Development Finance” might help, especially if you are from England. Moreover, opting for “Development Finance” helps by offering the financial support needed to turn plans into reality. Whether you’re new to building, a seasoned developer, or expanding your real estate portfolio. Furthermore, you need to understand your finance options for a smooth project. Therefore, here is a guide that covers the basics to help you secure development finance in NZ, with tips to simplify your financing journey.

Understanding Development Finance in New Zealand

If you are new, then you must know that “Development Finance in New Zealand” is a specialized funding option. Whether you are looking for construction, renovations, or property development. Moreover, unlike traditional home loans, they cover stages from land purchase to development costs and property sales. You may find it available to individuals, companies, and partnerships. It even supports investment in residential, commercial, and mixed-use projects. That’s how you can understand the concept of “Development finance in New Zealand” in short.  

Why Development Finance is Essential

Rather than one, there are hundreds of reasons that make acquiring the “Development Finance” essential and valuable. Let’s figure out with the help of below points:

So, basically, without development finance, many projects couldn’t start. 

Secondly, development costs include more than just land; they cover planning, materials, labor, and unexpected expenses. 

Lastly, development finance helps fund these needs, preserving developers' capital and ensuring steady cash flow throughout the project.

Types of Development Finance Available in NZ

New Zealand offers various development finance options to applicants. The best part is that each development finance option has unique features. Here’s an overview of the most common types:

Land and Construction Loans

Land and construction are ideal if you are looking forward to buying land and building from scratch.

Funds are provided in these types of loans for land acquisition and released in stages as construction progresses.

Further, it is best suited for new builds and large-scale developments.

Bridging Loans

Besides, it helps secure long-term finance for achieving bigger goals. It even provides short-term funding for buying a new property.

These loans are often used to bridge the gap between buying and selling properties.

Also, it typically has higher interest rates than standard loans.

Mezzanine Finance

It acts as a secondary loan, filling the gap between equity and the primary loan.

You may consider it useful for large, complex developments requiring extra capital.

Secured against the property, ideal when primary financing is insufficient.

Joint Venture Finance

Sometimes, property developers partner with lenders who provide funding in exchange for shared project ownership.

Besides, it is best suited when a developer has a solid project plan but limited capital.

The lender may gain a share of profits or property ownership upon completion.

Steps to Securing Development Finance in NZ

Here’s a simple step-by-step guide to help you learn about how to secure development finance in NZ. Moreover, it’s essential to understand the application process and criteria. So, without waiting any further, let’s dig in: 

Create a Detailed Project Plan

Outline the project scope, timeline, costs, and expected returns.

Include risks and contingency plans to show lenders you’re prepared.

Prepare Financial Projections

Detail costs for land, construction, and additional expenses.

Project cash flow and demonstrate how you’ll repay the loan.

Review Your Credit and Financial Status

Strong credit and financial health improve approval chances.

Ensure a solid financial track record to reduce lender risk.

Compare Lenders and Loan Options

Research lenders with property development experience.

Choose terms that match your project’s needs for better rates and flexibility.

Submit a Complete Application

Include all supporting documents like feasibility studies, contracts, and permits.

A thorough application boosts approval chances and speeds up the process.

Key Considerations When Choosing a Development Finance Lender

Remember, it is essential to choose the right lender, as it is a key to your project’s success. Now, let’s consider these factors that can help you in choosing wisely:

Interest Rates and Fees

First, we need to look beyond low rates and check for additional fees (application, drawdown, valuation) that affect total cost.

Loan Flexibility

Some lenders offer flexible repayment schedules or term extensions. This loan flexibility can be helpful if delays or budget changes occur.

Drawdown Structure

Ensure funds are released in stages that match your project’s cash flow and construction phases to avoid delays.

Experience in Development Finance

Choose a lender experienced in property development; they understand your needs and can process applications faster.

Benefits of Using Development Finance for Your Project

If you don’t know, repayment securing development finance provides several benefits. Learning about these benefits can help ensure your project’s success; let’s get started: 

Better Cash Flow: The very first benefit development finance provides is related to covering project costs. That helps in freeing up your capital for other investments.

Flexible Repayment: Also it offers flexible repayment adjustments. Thus, you can make payments that adjust or fit into your project timeline.

Access to Larger Projects: Development finance enables you to take on bigger projects and grow your portfolio.

Reduced Financial Risk: Using a loan instead of personal funds minimizes your financial risk.

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

Unfortunately, along with numerous benefits, there are some common challenges in development finance. Let’s see what challenges they are:

Strict Lender Requirements: Extensive documentation is often needed. Prepare a thorough project plan and financial projections to speed up approval.

Handling Project Delays: Unexpected delays can occur; include contingencies in your budget and timeline to stay on track.

Complex Loan Terms: Loan agreements can be complicated. Consult a financial advisor to ensure you understand the terms fully.

How Construction Loans Can Help with Your Development Finance Needs

No wonder, as a newcomer, navigating development finance can be challenging for you. But at Construction Loans, you can enjoy the simple process with tailored solutions for all project types. Whether you're a first-time builder or a seasoned developer, our team secures competitive finance options across New Zealand, ensuring your project is fully funded. Visit our website to see how we can support your next development.

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Driving Success with Development Management and Property Development Finance

The world of real estate development is both rewarding and complex, requiring careful planning, execution, and financing. Whether you’re planning a residential, commercial, or mixed-use project, success hinges on two critical components: development management and property development finance. Together, these elements ensure your project is completed on time, within budget, and to the highest standard.

What is Development Management?

Development management involves overseeing every stage of a real estate project, from initial planning and feasibility studies to construction and completion. A skilled development manager acts as the central point of coordination, ensuring all stakeholders—architects, contractors, and investors—are aligned with the project’s goals.

Key responsibilities in development management include:

Site Selection and Acquisition: Identifying the right location for maximum profitability.

Project Feasibility Analysis: Evaluating the financial and logistical viability of the project.

Stakeholder Coordination: Managing relationships with designers, contractors, and regulatory bodies.

Risk Mitigation: Anticipating and addressing potential challenges to avoid delays or cost overruns.

Effective development management ensures projects are delivered efficiently and profitably, making it a cornerstone of successful real estate ventures.

The Role of Property Development Finance

While development management provides strategic oversight, property development finance ensures that the project has the necessary funding to move forward. This type of financing is specifically designed to support developers during the construction phase, covering costs such as land acquisition, building materials, and labor.

Key features of property development finance include:

Flexible Loan Structures: Tailored to suit the unique needs of each project.

Staged Funding: Funds are released in stages based on construction milestones.

High Loan-to-Value Ratios: Enables developers to minimize their upfront capital requirements.

How Development Management and Finance Work Together

The synergy between development management and property development finance is essential for real estate success. Development managers ensure projects are on track, while financiers provide the capital needed to keep the project moving. Together, they mitigate risks, enhance project efficiency, and maximize returns on investment.

For example, a development manager may identify an ideal site and outline a construction plan. With this blueprint in hand, the developer secures property development finance to fund the project. Throughout the process, the development manager ensures that the funds are utilized effectively and that the project progresses according to plan.

Why Choose Challis Capital?

At Challis Capital, we offer expert development management services to guide your project from concept to completion. Additionally, our tailored property development finance solutions ensure that you have access to the funding needed to bring your vision to life. With our comprehensive approach, you can trust us to deliver exceptional results every step of the way.