#Land Law

[uttarakhandwiki]

मुख्यमंत्री पुष्कर सिंह धामी ने कहा कि उत्तराखंड में लैंड जिहाद, थूक जिहाद और धर्मांतरण जैसी गतिविधियों की अनुमति नहीं दी जाएगी। उन्होंने राज्य की संस्कृति को सुरक्षित रखने और गलत काम करने वालों पर सख्त कार्रवाई का भरोसा दिलाया।

[arthrussell]

ভূমি অপরাধ প্রতিরোধ ও প্রতিকার আইনের ৮ ধারা

Photo by Pavel Danilyuk on Pexels.com ভূমি অপরাধ প্রতিরোধ ও প্রতিকার আইন, ২০২৩ এর ৮ ধারায় অবৈধভাবে দখলচ্যুত ব্যক্তির দখল পুনরুদ্ধার নিয়ে আলোকপাত করা হয়েছে। এই আইনে বলা হচ্ছে, কোনো ব্যক্তিকে উপযুক্ত আদালত বা কর্তৃপক্ষের আদেশ ব্যতীত তাঁর দখলীয় ভূমি থেকে উচ্ছেদ বা দখলচ্যুত করা হলে, তিনি দখল পুনরুদ্ধার করার জন্য সংশ্লিষ্ট অধিক��ষেত্রের এক্সিকিউটিভ ম্যাজিস্ট্রেটের নিকট আবেদন করতে পারবেন। অর্থাৎ এই…

[caselaw-and-chai]

Case Reading: Street v Mountford

Key Topic: Leases and Licences; Land Law Read with me: Street v Mountford [1985] AC 809

Disclaimer that this is my interpretation of the case, not to be taken as definitive fact, and not legal advice. I have not included every aspect of this case, only the parts I deem essential for my own notes.

This case, held in the House of Lords, is the authority for the three elements distinguishing a lease from a licence, these being a defined term, payment of rent, and exclusive possession.

What Happened? —

Street (S) allowed Mountford (M) to occupy two rooms for £37 per week, subject to conditions set out in a written agreement. This was titled "Licence Agreement" and included a declaration signed by M, that she understood that it did not give her a tenancy protected by the Rent Acts. Later that year, S sought an order in the county court to determine if it was a tenancy (lease) or a licence.

This distinction matters because it affects the rights given to the occupier. If M had a lease, she would have acquired a legal leasehold estate in the land, and the law would give her occupation greater protections, such as through the Rent Acts. If instead it was a licence, these protections wouldn't apply.

In the county court, it was deemed a lease, then appealed to the Court of Appeal who deemed it a licence, then appealed to the House of Lords here.

The House of Lords determined that it was a lease, despite the title and declaration included within the agreement.

Why Is It Important? —

This case is the leading authority for two essential parts of land law:

1. There are three elements that distinguish a lease from a licence: a defined period of time of occupancy; a payment of rent; and exclusive possession of the land, where the occupier has the right to exclude anyone - including the landlord - from being on the land.

Other cases since have elaborated on the specific meaning and application of these elements; some of these will be discussed briefly below.

2. The distinction between a lease and a licence is based on the consequences of the agreement, not the parties' intentions.

An agreement satisfying all requirements of a tenancy creates a tenancy, even if the contracting parties insist they intended to create a licence.

Quotes —

These are taken from the speech given by Lord Templeman in his judgement.

"there is no doubt that the traditional distinction between a tenancy and a licence of land lay in the grant of land for a term at a rent with exclusive possession" "To constitute a tenancy the occupier must be granted exclusive possession for a fixed or periodic term certain in consideration of a premium or periodical payments" = Gives the three elements of a lease

"any express reservation to the landlord of limited rights to enter and view the state of the premises and to repair and maintain the premises only serves to emphasise the fact that the grantee is entitled to exclusive possession and is a tenant" = Exclusive possession is not invalidated by the landlord having some limited rights to access the land

"the consequences in law of the agreement, once concluded, can only be determined by consideration of the effect of the agreement. If the agreement satisfied all the requirements of a tenancy, then the agreement produced a tenancy and the parties cannot alter the effect of the agreement by insisting that they only created a licence" "Parties cannot turn a tenancy into a licence merely by calling it one" "the only intention which is relevant is the intention demonstrated by the agreement to grant exclusive possession for a term at a rent" = The parties had the right to contract on whatever terms they chose, but the consequences are decided by the effect of that agreement, not their intentions

Further Reading —

Lace v Chantler 1944 = occupancy for "the duration of the war" was not sufficiently certain, as the parties did not know at the time when that would be

Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v London Residuary Body 1992 = a tenancy which runs week-to-week or month-to-month is deemed certain, because those individual periods are certain in length

Antoniades v Villiers 1990 = terms of an agreement will be looked at in context; a term which stated that the landlord could stay whenever he wished was not evidence of a licence, because it was extremely unlikely he would actually have ever done so

Manchester CC v National Car Parks Ltd 1982 = exclusive possession requires access to the land at all times of the day

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[bewildered-gh0st]

POV law school: 

[pavel-nosok]

Why Everyone Hates Landlords Now

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[neystreet]

Usufructuary title in Ghana: Ways to acquire it

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Investment in land ownership is conceivably one of the safest forms of investment as this form of property, in the words of Franklin D Roosevelt, ‘cannot be lost or stolen, nor can it be carried away’. This makes land ownership indispensable and perhaps even enviable as a result of its nature. Across the world, the popular adage, “Buy land they aren’t making any more of it�� has made real estate…

[uttarakhandwiki]

उत्तराखंड सरकार ने राज्यभर में 250 वर्ग मीटर से अधिक जमीन की खरीद का ब्यौरा मांगा है। सभी जिलों से सात दिनों के भीतर रिपोर्ट जमा करने का निर्देश दिया गया है। मुख्य सचिव ने जांच को तेज करते हुए 12.50 एकड़ से अधिक भूमि के उपयोग का भी ब्यौरा तलब किया है।

[arthrussell]

ভূমি অপরাধ প্রতিরোধ ও প্রতিকার আইন

ভূমি ��ংশ্লিষ্ট অপরাধ প্রতিরোধ ও প্রতিকারের উদ্দেশ্যে বাংলাদেশ সরকার সাম্প্রতিক ভূমি অপরাধ প্রতিরোধ ও প্রতিকার আইন, ২০২৩ নামে একটি নতুন আইন প্রণয়ন করেন। এই আইনের ৪ ধারায় ভূমি প্রতারণা সংক্রান্ত অপরাধ ও শাস্তির বর্ণনা আছে। দণ্ডবিধির ৪১৫ ধারায় প্রতারণা (Cheating) এর সংজ্ঞা দেওয়া আছে। সাধারণত যদি কোন ব্যক্তি অন্য কোন ব্যক্তিকে ছলনা করে অসাধুভাবে কোন ব্যক্তির নিকট কোন সম্পত্তি প্রদানে প্ররোচিত করে…

[aalawsng]

[doonitedin]

भू कानून पर आधारित गीत का यूकेडी ने किया विमोचन

भू कानून पर आधारित गीत का यूकेडी ने किया विमोचन

भू कानून पर आधारित गीत का यूकेडी ने किया विमोचन उत्तराखंड क्रांति दल के मुख्यालय पर उत्तराखंड भू कानून को लेकर गढ़वाली गीत का विमोचन किया गया। विमोचन के दौरान उत्तराखंड क्रांति दल के मीडिया प्रभारी शिव प्रसाद सेमवाल ने कहा कि भू कानून को लेकर उत्तराखंड क्रांति दल की मांग को उत्तराखंड के लोक गायकों और संगीतकारों का भी साथ मिल चुका है। भू कानून की मांग को उत्तराखंड आंदोलन की तर्ज पर चलाया जाएगा,…

[name204act]

Deed of Trust Foreclosure in Arizona Real Estate License Exam Prep

New Post has been published on https://real-estate.newonline.help/deed-of-trust-foreclosure-in-arizona-real-estate-license-exam-prep/

Deed of Trust Foreclosure in Arizona Real Estate License Exam Prep

Arizona Real Estate License Test Prep: Basic explanation of the process of a non-judicial foreclosure of a deed of trust. source Real Estate Courses

[uttarakhandwiki]

हल्द्वानी में मुख्यमंत्री पुष्कर सिंह धामी ने घोषणा की कि राज्य में जल्द ही सशक्त भू कानून लाया जाएगा। उन्होंने बाहरी व्यक्तियों द्वारा खरीदी गई जमीनों की जांच के आदेश भी जारी किए हैं।

[iloudlyclearbouquetworld]

कश्मीर और लद्दाख में कोई भी भारतीय जमीन खरीद सकेगा, उमर बोले- अब कश्मीर की सेल चालू Hindi News National Omar Abdullah | Jammu Kashmir Ladakh Land Acquisition Act Update; National Conference Omar Abdullah On New Land Law…