#James Webb Station Telescope

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Supernova 'Cassiopeia A' (NIRCam) by JWST (James Webb Space Telescope)

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[theofficialastronomy101]

Think we're the only planet with life? 350mp quality. Remember to download to your phone and zoom in. Gets even more beautiful. Yes this is a nebula, yes I know there’s no life in a nebula. Of course these are not real photos. Duh!

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Watch the sky! And support your local PBS station.

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Best regards

The Sun Is Created Based On The Planets Motions

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https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/244846.html

My Research Presentation

I- Major Problems In The Physics Book

(1) The Physicist Wrong Vision Contradicts The Nature System 

(2) Planet Motion Energy Definition

(3) Mass Gravity Force Analysis

(4) The Matter Creation And Its Nature Definition

II- Research Methodology

III- My 5 Equations 

The Equations Prove Planets Creation and Motions Data Is Defined By Geometrical Rules (NO Random Creation) 

IV- The Research Discovery

The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Gravitational Field- Moreover- There's No Gravitational Field

V- The Gravitational Waves Reflection Analysis

The Gravitational Waves Reflection Proves The Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies

VI- The Research Hypothesis

The Sun Is Not Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays- Instead- The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies- And The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- Means- The Sun Rays Is Created By The Planets Motions Energies Total- Shortly- The Sun Is A Phenomenon Created After All Planets Creation And Motion Because The Sun Is The Result Of The Planets Motions

AND the research discovery tells (The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies-Moreover- There's No Gravitational Field) - means – The Sun Is A Phenomenon Created By The Planets Motions Energies –

That explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body for that the energy out of the sun is so greater than the energy inside the sun (the energy comes from the gravitational waves which are produced by the planets motions energies total)    

The Sun Rays Creation Process Summary

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I claim The Sun Rays are produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion process- also –No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states.  

Here we have five questions to answer

How can the gravitational waves be produced by the planets motions energies?

How can the gravitational waves move by speed of light?

How can the gravitational waves motions produce a light beam?

Can The Planets Energies Total Be Sufficient To Produce The Sun Rays?

Can The Sun Creation Data Depends On The Planets Motions? 

Let's answer in following

1st Question

How Can The Gravitational Waves Be Produced By Planets Motions Energies?

Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) but where's this motion energy? Planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because It would raise its temperature- and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- planet motion energy is stored in the space in moving waves –Means- planet motion in space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- the fish swimming creates waves in the sea and similar to that - planet motion energy creates waves in the space- we know- fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)

Shortly- the planets move and their motions create waves in the space and each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity

AND the planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit)

AND  in Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity= 205.8 km/s where The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit-

Note- The moon and the Earth revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity is considered equal the Earth velocity relative to (the sun) –

NOW the unified wave moves by (205.8 km/s) is the gravitational wave-

The scientists discovered these waves in the space and they called them (gravitational waves) supposing these waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- BUT Planet motion energy must be stored in the space as moving waves – because no other place is found to store planet motion energy in it -means- even if There's NO Gravitational field at all there's a strong reason to find waves in the space because these waves are created by the planets motions energies

Note- I refute the sun gravitational field theory- and prove the sun has no massive gravity and also NO planet moves by the sun gravity

The Conclusion

The Unified Wave Its Velocity 205.8 Km/S Is The Gravitational Wave

Notice - the new article still believes that the gravitational waves are produced by the gravitational field- I refuse this idea and prove the waves are produced by the planets motions energies but I need the article because it tells the waves can move by speed of light and can produce the light beam where I suppose the sun rays is created by this method 

The Answer Of The Questions No. (2) And No. (3) 

2ndQuestion

How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light? AND

3rd Question

How Can The Gravitational Waves Motions Produce A Light Beam?

What Do We Have?

We have One unified wave moves by velocity 205.8 km/s

What Do We Need?

We need to accelerate the unified wave to move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and this wave should produce (A Light Beam)

We know the light beam is produced from (C^2= Squared Speed Of Light)

Technically- How To Solve This Problem?

We Need To Square The Wave Velocity

Let's see my hypothesis (The Gravitational Waves Reflection Causes To Square The Wave Velocity) – the waves are reflected three times in the solar system and the abstract provides strong proves for these reflections and more proves are found in the paper- the waves reflection causes basic changes in planets data and I suppose – the waves reflection causes also to square the waves velocity - now let's see if this hypothesis can solve the problem

(a)

The unified wave velocity is 205.8 km/s

The waves reflection causes to square this velocity and by that

(205.8)^2 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s

7.1 is Lorentz length contraction effect for speed=99% of speed of light=297000 km/s

I proved the solar system has relativistic effects caused by a speed = 99% of speed of light=297000 km/s and for that the rate (7.1) controls 40% of all planets data –I prove this fact in (Item No. 5-6 Can Relativistic Effects Be Found In The Solar System?)

let's discuss the equation

The unified wave moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected and that caused to square its velocity (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42354 km/s

But the rate (7.1) which is Lorentz length contraction effect, this rate caused to increase the speed (42354 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s= speed of light)

Here the rate (7.1) causes to increase the distance (42354 km to be 300000 km) because the waves reflection caused to reflect the geometrical effects – for that the rate (7.1) which should cause contraction for distances- this rate itself causes to increase the distances as a result for the geometrical effects reflection- 

By that- the speed 42354 km/s is increased to be 300000 km/s = Speed of light

Now we have unified wave (a gravitational wave) moves by speed of light

(b)

Now we have a gravitational wave moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)

This wave is reflected one more time

The gravitational wave reflection causes to square its speed by that – the wave speed was = speed of light (C=300000 km/s) before the reflection and after the reflection this speed will be (C^2=Squared Speed Of Light)

The light beam is produced from this value (C^2=Squared Speed Of Light)

Now we know how the unified wave (205.8 km/s) can be accelerated to move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and how this wave can produce a light beam

(c)

Can The Gravitational Wave Be Accelerated By The Velocity Gradual Increasing?

NO Never

Now we know the unified wave (gravitational wave) is accelerated by the squaring of its velocity by the wave reflection- but the question asks if the wave acceleration gradually is possible also! NO Impossible

The unified wave can never be accelerated gradually- only –by the squaring the wave velocity the acceleration can be done- but why?

the gravitational wave moves by speed of light before to produce the light beam- if the speed is increased gradually that means the wave speed will be 97% of speed of light and then be 98% of speed of light and then be 99% of speed of light (as examples)–but these speeds cause relativistic effects in the solar system- the relativistic includes (Lorentz length contraction effect)

the length contraction causes to contract the distances and lengths with the rate 7.1

by that the distances will be contracted and by that some distances will be longer than the others- BUT- the planets motions energies are produced based on motions through distances- that will cause the planets energies to be scattered from one another and can NOT be unified into one unified wave or energy – means- the planets motions energies will be scattered in the space but never be unified in one unified wave or energy and by that the total energy will never be produced and that will prevent to accelerate the waves (because no energy for more acceleration) and by that the wave will never move by speed of light and of course will never produce any light beam

The main requirement to produce the light beam by the planets motions energies is to gather all energies together in one point because planet motion energy is small energy and it's necessary to gather all planets motions energies together to be sufficient to produce the sun rays- Shortly- technically- if the wave velocity is accelerated gradually the wave will never move by speed of light

The Conclusion

The Gravitational Wave Reflection Causes To Square The Wave Velocity

This is the main useful result from the wave reflection -without the squaring of the wave velocity no acceleration can be done and by that the gravitational wave will never move by speed of light and of course will never produce any light beam

THE SUN POINT CREATION

The sun point of space has geometrical features enable to produce the sun rays and that means – the sun rays can be created only in the sun corona and far from the sun NO light beam can be created – let's see the sun geometrical features in following

(i)

The Sun Point Is A Stationary Point Its Velocity 1 km/s = Zero Approximately

This is the main feature and the most important one – Why?

Because all motions are done relative to the sun point of space – for example- Pluto velocity is 4.7 km/s – that means- Pluto moves by 4.7 km/s relative to the sun point of space – Shortly- the whole solar system is in motion (space and planets are in motion) but the sun point is stationary (static point moves by velocity 1 km/s = Zero approximately) Means- the solar system is similar to a sea of water and the sun is similar to a vortex or whirlpool found on the sea page – the vortex doesn’t move with the sea waves -Shortly- the sun point of space is the stationary point in the solar system and all motions are done relative to the sun point of space-

Example – Venus moves by 35 km/s that means Venus moves by 35 km/s relative to the sun point of space – also we know Venus motion produces energy and this energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity 35 km/s – means- these waves move by 35 km/s relative to the sun point of space-

(ii)

The gravitational wave moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) that means the gravitational wave moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) relative to the sun point of space

Here we understand why the sun point should be stationary- because- the gravitational wave moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the sun is stationary point moves by (1 km/s = Zero approximately)- we know the gravitational wave CAN NOT move by any speed GREATER than speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- and we know – the wave reflection will square the relative speed between the wave and the sun – means- the different speed between the wave and the sun-

The squaring of the speed will be done  for the different speed between the wave motion speed and the sun motion velocity – if this different speed is less than speed of light (C=300000 km/s) the squaring of the velocity will never produce the value (C^2=squared speed of light) from which the light beam is created – means- No Light Beam Can Be Created- 

The idea is clear

The wave can't move by greater than speed of light and the different velocity should be equal speed of light for that the sun point of space should be stationary moves by (ZERO motion = 1 km/s = Zero approximately)

Shortly if the sun point of space moves by any higher velocity than (Zero approximately = 1 km/s) NO light beam can be created

The problem here is that- the space is in motion as the sea of water – how to create this stationary point let's answer in following

(iii)

The planets were found before the sun creation and the planets revolve around a point in space (any point in space) the revolution creates two velocities on both sides of the revolution- the two velocities are equal in value opposite in direction- the total be Zero- means- the revolution motion creates a stationary point in the revolution center-

By That -the sun point of space is created as a stationary point- and the sun point is the only stationary point in the solar system- for that all motions are done relative to the sun point of space-

4th Question

Can The Planets Energies Total Be Sufficient To Produce The Sun Rays?

The question asks (How Can The Planets Motions Energies Total To Be Sufficient To Produce The Sun Rays?) – the question is logical because

Planet motion energy (1/2 mv^2) is so small energy and the sun rays energy is massive energy for that- It's Logical Question To Know How Can The Planets Motions Energies Total Be Sufficient To Produce The Sun Rays?

Let's answer in following

(1)

The secret is the rates of time using-

Means- the planets motions use different rates of time- by that- the planets motions energies can be accumulated during long period of time to produce massive energy sufficient to produce the sun rays – let's give examples

Example No. (1)

(One Solar Day Of The Sun Clock = 365.25 Solar Days Of The Earth Clock)

By this rate of time– The Earth motion energy for one complete year can be used by the sun in one solar day – in fact- the solar planets motions energies total during one complete year (365.25 solar days) is accumulated and stored in one energy and be used by the sun motion on one solar day that causes to accumulate massive energy to be used (notice 1461 days = 365+365+365+366) 

Example No. (2)

(One Second Of The Sun Clock=1461Seconds Of The Gravitational Wave Clock)

We remember the unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s -And – the gravitational wave moves in 1461 seconds a distance = 300000 km -BUT the Sun clock doesn't see this period 1461 seconds but sees only the period (ONE SECOND) – means-

The distance 300000 km is passed in (ONE SECOND)only for the sun clock– That causes the gravitational wave to move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) relative to The Sun – (the rate of time using and effect is explained in details in item no VII)

5th Question

Can The Sun Creation Data Depends On The Planets Motions? 

The sun diameter = Jupiter circumference x π and also

(the sun mass /Jupiter mass)=  π x (Jupiter mass/ the Earth Mass) (error 5%) because Jupiter defines The sun creation data with the inner planets  

The sun is created from the stored energy in the Earth moon orbit- specifically-the sun is created in the area between the Earth and Mars – for that reason- the sun diameter = 1.392 million km = The Total Lunar Eclipse Umbra Length – please note- the Earth moon orbit is created by Jupiter direct effect on the Earth and Moon motions-  

The sun angles depends on the angle 8 degrees for that the sun pole inclination 63.7 degrees =(8)^2 and the sun obliquity is 7.25 degrees where (1/sin8) =7.25 that tells the angle (8 degrees) controls the sun angles – and we know- the angle 8 degrees is the angle on which Pluto orbit is defined where 5906 mkm (Pluto orbital distance) x  cos (8) = 5848 mkm (Pluto Mercury distance) (please review the right triangle based which the planets orbits are defined with my planet orbital distance equation (item no.III)) – the data proves the sun angles are defined based on the solar planets orbits geometrical design- also-notice 25920 mkm =5906 mkm x 4.37  we know that light (300000 km/s) moves in a solar day 86400 seconds a distance 25920 million km and 4.37million km is the sun circumference and 5906 million km is Pluto orbital distance which shows Pluto orbital distance has effect on the sun circumference definition because the sun is created based on the solar system geometrical design that explains why the data in harmony with each other

The sun velocity 2 km/s (the sun circumference 4.37 million km/s and the sun rotation period 25.4 days) this velocity proves the sun is the stationary point in the solar system which is required to create the sun rays –

4900 mkm (Jupiter orbital circumference) = 1.39 mkm (the sun diameter) x 3475 km =12104 km x 406000 km = 12756 km x 384000 km = 6792 km x 2 x 363000 km where 3475 km = the moon diameter and 12104 km = Venus diameter and 12756 km = The Earth diameter and 6792 km= Mars diameter and the distances 363000 km, 384000 km and 406000 km are the distances between the Earth and its moon in perigee, orbital distance and apogee radiuses respectively – the previous data is the total solar eclipse data- means-the total solar eclipse is occurred based on this data- the data explains the sun diameter is created based on deep proportionality with the planets diameters and distances values- that proves the sun diameter is created later because it’s created based on the consideration of all these data-   

II- The Solar System Description Refutation

(The Sun Is The Planets Motions Result But The Description Supposes The Sun Is The Planets Motions Reason) and (The Matter Is Created Depending On Its Motion But The Description Supposes The Matter Is Created Independently From Any Motion)

VIII – The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time

IX  - The Physicist Wrong Vision Proves

X   - The Refutations Of Many Theories In The Physics Book 

XI - The Proves For My Theory

(There's A Light Beam Moves By Speed 1.16 Million Km Per Second)

XII-The Solar System History And Neptune Orbit Creation

Paper Definitions In Page No. 249

Questions and Answers In Page No. 281

First Item - Major Problems In The Physics Book

(1) The Physicist Wrong Vision Contradicts The Nature System 

(2) Planet Motion Energy Definition

(3) Mass Gravity Force Analysis

(4) The Matter Creation And Its Nature Definition 

First Problem  The Physicist wrong Vision Contradicts The Nature System 

The Physicist Vision

The physicist supposes there's (a unit of building)- by that- the physicist sees the matter (mass) as a wall and this wall is consisted of bricks (small similar units) and the physicist searches for this (unit of building)–

For that the physicist divided the matter and found the particles and then the particle is divided into Molecules and the Molecule is divided into atoms and the atom is divided into nucleus and electron moves around and the nucleus is divided into proton and Neutron- and the proton is divided into quarks …etc

The physicist searches for the building unit- for that he divides anything to reach to this building unit- 

The Nature System Vision

The Nature designer aims to create INTEGRATION- as the marriage– male and female- the relationship will cause to give birth for a child- For that the matter is created complementary one another-means- The Matter Is Created In Pairs (as Gamma ray 1.2 Mev produces electron and positron)

No building unit- the marriage answers- because in marriage both (male and female) are required and no one is the better–both work together on the same process and give together one result- AND

I want to explain how the physicist causes fatal error for the research method while the physicist divides the elements one after one (from matter to particle to molecule to atom to proton to quarks …etc) this division from out into inner till reach to very small unit which the physicist considered the building unit – that causes to destroy the geometrical design of the integration process- Shortly- the physicist sees a universe (never be created by the designer)- while the designer created the integration is a goal and created tools to perform this goal (the integration) the physicist destroyed the tools and removed the integration tools while he searched for the building unit which is not found at all – that explains why the physics book is filled with imaginary ideas

NOTICE

Another point shows the physicist wrong vision is (The Planet Motion)

While the solar planets move as gears in one machine and all planets motions are unified into one unified general motion- means- all planets motions are unified and produce one result only (one unified motion)- the physicist supposes each planet motion is independent-by that- in place of one machine of gears moves and produces one unified motion (one result) the physicist told us each planet motion is independent and No unification is found for the planets motions –here – one more time the physicist sees very different picture from the real one- in place of one hand has five fingers the physicist sees five independent moving fingers

Second Problem  Planet Motion Energy Definition

How can we define Planet motion energy? the question asks simply (Where's Planet Motion Energy?)- this is a difficult question for the physicist- let's prove that in following

Where's Planet Motion Energy?

Any moving body produces motion energy (1/2 mv^2), means, planet motion also produces energy (1/2 mv^2) but where's this motion energy? Planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because It would raise its temperature- and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- planet motion energy is stored in the space in moving waves –Means- planet motion in space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- the fish swimming creates waves in the sea and similar to that - planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see the picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)-

This analysis creates three major difficulties for the physics book – let's see them

First Difficulty

This analysis tells the space has moving waves are produced by planets motions – But- the scientists discovered the gravitational waves and they told these waves are produced by the gravitational field- I prove the sun doesn’t produce a gravitational field and has no massive gravity and no planet moves by the sun gravity – But- here we need to answer (from what source these waves are produced?) because planet motion energy has no place to store in except the space -means- the waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field- shortly- even if there's no gravitational field at all- there's a reason to find waves in the space and these waves are produced by the planet motions energies 

that put the question (from what source the gravitational waves are produced?)

I prove the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field (even if found)

Second Difficulty

The analysis tells planet motion energy is stored in the space as moving waves- and the planets move since long periods of time and their motions energies are stored during these long periods of time- means- the planets motions energies total during these long periods must cause to store massive motion energy in the space- now let's ask-where's this stored massive energy? also the energy can NOT be stored in the space forever-so what's happening for this massive stored energy? I prove the sun rays are created from this massive stored energy but regardless my theory in all cases we should find how this massive stored energy be used because it can cause a risk for the solar system stability and in fact can cause an explosion in the solar system 

The problem here is that- massive motion energy is stored in the space but no one knows where's this energy and how is it used?

Third Difficulty

Newton Mass gravity definition is wrong- let's explain why 

Suppose the moon moves by the Earth mass gravity and we know the moon motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) now let's ask- from what source the moon motion energy is provided? What's the moon motion reason? The mass gravity- means- the mass should provide the motion energy- that means – if The moon moves by the Earth mass gravity that necessitates to decrease the masses of the Earth and the moon by the motion energy- here's the problem- Any Motion Is Done By Mass Gravity Will Cause To Decrease This Mass-  this decrease is done because of the motion energy

The analysis tells us–the physicist supposes planet motion produces NO energy this is the only one solution for the problems created by the physicist neglect to observe planet motion energy- NOTICE Mass gravity is a fact- it's a bond between two masses – for example- the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity – so if some force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with The Earth- in this case the force causes the Earth to move will provide its motion energy and the moon motion energy also  - shortly – Mass gravity can't cause any motion-

Third Problem Mass Gravity Force Analysis

The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field

The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following

(i)

The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- 

(ii)

No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity–Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its internal structure and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion-

Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper.  

(iii)

The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- here's the problem- Any Motion Is Done By Mass Gravity Will Cause To Decrease This Mass- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon-

(iv)

The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the planets initial conditions)- all these are wrong- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it

Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation)

d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example (1) Venus orbital distance (108.2)^2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3)                             

d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance

d0= 57.9 million km  = Mercury Orbital Distance

50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury  Venus Depends On Mercury

Example (2) Saturn orbital distance (1433)^2= 4 x 778.6 x 655

d= 1433 million km    = Saturn Orbital Distance

d0= 778.6 million km  = Jupiter Orbital Distance

655million km=The Distance Between Saturn And Jupiter Saturn Depends On Jupiter

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and discussed in details in item no. (III)- Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition.

Notice

Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor planets orbits (in item No. III there are more proves for this fact)

Notice –

Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies-

(v)

Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the paper abstract- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

THE CONCLUSION

The Sun Doesn't Produce Any Gravitational Field

Fourth Problem The Matter Creation And Its Nature Definition

In following we compare between the physics book theory about the matter creation and my theory about it- the discussion contains Two points

I- The Physics Book Theory About The Matter Creation

II- My Theory About The Matter Creation

I- The Physics Book Theory About For The Matter Creation

The Matter (Mass) Is Created Independently From Any Outer Motion – means- even if the matter motion is stopped the matter is still found and never be perished (the motion here means the outer motion and not the atoms motions)

The Matter (Mass) Is Motionless By Nature

The Matter (Mass) Needs Mass Gravity Force To Cause Its Motion

The Matter (Mass) Data And Dimensions Are Not Changed By Its Motion

The big bang theory tells planet is created by random creation- means- for example- Jupiter diameter is created by unknown value and Jupiter is collided many times in its history and these collisions caused Jupiter diameter (and mass) to be decreased- as a result – Jupiter diameter current value (142984 km) is found by random process and without any geometrical reason behind- for that- we can't use this known value to discover the creation and motion rules of Jupiter- by that- the big bang theory prevented the researchers to analyze the planets creation data to discover these planets creation and motion facts-

Note – The physicist doesn't use planet data in forming a theory to explain planet motion-for example- Jupiter diameter is 142984 km and the physicist has a theory explains Jupiter motion but if Jupiter diameter is changed into 180000 km the theory will have no change because the physicist doesn't consider Jupiter diameter is a player in its motion- that explains why the big bang theory is wrong because it supposes the change in diameter and mass doesn't cause a change in motion 

Shortly- the physics book doesn't tell how the matter is created nor what's the matter nature- we remember Einstein problem in physics generally where he told (All researches in particle electromagnetic properties can't predict this particle behavior in the daily life physics) that shows two different branches of the physics one for the electromagnetic properties and the other for the mass gravity physics

II- My Theory About The Matter Creation - The Matter Main Features Are: 

The Matter Is Created In Pairs  Means- No Single Matter Is Created -This conclusion depends on Gamma ray experiment -From Gamma ray (1.2 Mev) electron and positron are created- by this experiment- the matter is created in pairs from electromagnetic waves-means-no single matter can be created- the produced pair particles motions depend on each other (or related to each other) (notice the creation system is male and female – two complementary matters-that tells the source of energy must be electromagnetic wave)

The matter is created depending on its motion- means- the motion is found before the matter creation- this conclusion depends on my planet diameter equation because planet diameter is created depending on this planet velocity (for example Neptune diameter is 49528 km because Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s)- means–Planet motion is defined before its creation

Lorentz transformation proves Matter dimensions are effected by high speed motion- also- Lorentz transformation proves the matter and space are created from the same energy for that particle length and the distance both are contracted by the same one equation (Lorentz length contraction effect)

The Matter Is Created Depending On Light Motion –

The Discussion Proves These Features Strongly

The Matter Creation Depends On 5 Main Facts  Which Are

Gamma Ray Can Produce Electron And Positron

Lorentz Transformation

My Planet Diameter Equation

The Matter Description (note–Matter Description Is Just Explanation For The Facts)

The Coherence Of Light (Young Interference) 

Planet Diameter Creation Depends On This Planet Orbit

(Item No. i) Gamma Ray Can Produce Electron And Positron

From Gamma ray (1.2Mev) one electron and one positron are created- I prove the matter is created by this method- means- the matter is created in pairs and no single matter is created

(Item No. ii) Lorentz Transformation

Lorentz transformation tells

If a particle moves by high speed motion (near to speed of light), this particle length would be contracted and its mass would be increased and its time would be dilated

I accept this meaning clearly and find this meaning supports my theory strongly BUT Many physics Books tell the following

(NO Real Change Is Done For Any Particle Data Moves By High Speed Motion But All Changes Are Illusions Of Measurements)-

Means- while a particle is moving by high speed motion and the experiments results show contraction in its length and increasing in its mass and dilation in its time – these changes are just illusions in measurements and the particle itself has no change in any data - tenth of books tell this meaning clearly and with confirmation and the physicist killed Lorentz work and made Lorentz transformation measures illusions and not facts- regardless the empirical proves which supports Lorentz transformation  

I refuse these books idea because

The Physics Is The Measurements Science And What's Measured Is The Fact

If no real changes are done how the problem of Michelson and Morelly experiment is solved?- also- Why the synchronous events in one frame can't be synchronous in another (as Einstein stated) where no change is found for any data- the distances are Not contracted nor the time is dilated nor the mass is increased why the events can NOT be synchronous in any frame?  

If the particle own data is measured correctly while it moves by my motion velocity and these measurements are suffered from illusions because the particle moves by high velocity motion relative to my motion that means (I'm the universe reference point)

We notice- Lorentz length contraction equation can't distinguish between particle length and a distance, both can be contracted by the same one equation- that supports my theory tells (Matter And Space Are Created From The Same Energy)–

My planet diameter equation proves planet diameter is created depending on this planet motion and also proves the matter and space are created from the same one energy which supports Lorentz transformation 

NOTICE  

The major importance of Lorentz transformation is

The transformation creates a connection between particle dimensions and its  motion means the motion has effect on particle dimensions definition and by that the matter (mass) can't be independent because its existence depends on a motion- shortly (The Matter Existence Depends On Its Motion) 

The matter and space are created from the same energy- because- particle length and the distance both are contracted by the same equation (Lorentz length contraction effect) shortly (Matter And Space Are Created From The Same One Energy) (This theory is proved by my planet diameter equation)

(Item No. iii) My Planet Diameter Equation

My Planet Diameter Equation (v1/v2)= (s/r)= I

v = Planet Velocity                          

r = Planet Diameter

I= Planet Orbital Inclination   

s= Planet Rotation Periods Number In Its Orbital Period

v2, s, r and I are belonged to one planet and v1 is belonged to another planet

The planet (v1) is defined by test the minimum error 

Earth Equation uses Neptune velocity                        

Mars Equation uses Pluto velocity

Jupiter Equation uses the Earth moon velocity      

Saturn Equation uses Mars velocity

Uranus Equation uses Neptune velocity (As Earth)

Neptune Equation uses Saturn velocity

Pluto Equation uses the Earth moon velocity (As Jupiter)

Example  Neptune Equation (89143 /49528) = 9.7/ 5.4 =1.8                  

89143                   = Neptune rotation periods number in Neptune orbital period

49528 km   = Neptune diameter            

9.7 km/s = Saturn velocity and

5.4 km/s      = Neptune velocity             

1.8 degrees= Neptune Orbital Inclination

59800 days = Neptune orbital period (and Neptune rotation period =16.1 hours)

Discussion

(1)

The Equation Concept  Planet diameter should be a function in its orbital distance –otherwise- this planet would be broken by its motion- BUT- the designer can't create a function has only 2 variables (Planet diameter and its orbital distance)- because– If this planet changes its orbital distance its diameter would be broken also because the diameter is a direct function in the orbital distance without any other variables -As A Result- the designer created planet diameter as a function in this planet rotation period and the planet rotation period is created as a function in this planet velocity and the planet velocity is created as a function in this planet orbital distance- by that- the function between Planet diameter and its orbital distance is created but also it contains many variables (rotation period, orbital period and velocity)- by that- if  the Planet changes its orbital distance- this planet orbital period, and velocity and rotation period would be changed but its diameter will be saved

(2)

Matter Definition Based On My Planet Diameter Equation

My equation tells, Planet diameter is created depending on its velocity- for example Neptune diameter is 49528 km because it velocity is 5.4 km/s where the velocity is used in the diameter definition equation- means- Planet motion is defined before this planet creation- how can that be possible? let's answer in following

The original energy was in motion and planet matter is created from this moving original energy and planet matter dimensions are defined by this original energy motion features- after Planet creation, the planet moves with this original energy motion means the planet moves this same motion based on which the planet data and dimensions are created that's why Planet data is in full harmony with its motion features- and that explains how planet diameter is created based on its velocity

Shortly- the matter is similar to a muscle in a creature- the muscle dimensions depend on the blood motion- similar to that- the matter dimensions depend on this energy motion from which this matter is created-

NOTICE   this description also tells (No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity) Newton is wrong, because planet moves by the energy from which this planet is created- we realize that Planet creation and motion should be done by one force (one energy) because if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken by its motion because the planet in this case moves against its internal structure-simply- Planet moves with the energy which caused this planet creation-

Based on that– The Matter Is Not Motionless By Nature- The Matter moves with the energy from which this matter is created-

(3)

Matter Existence Depends On Its Motion

This is the meaning I try to prove-if the motion is stopped the matter will be perished- again the matter is similar to a muscle in a creature body- if the blood motion is stopped the muscle will be perished- this is the fact-

Based on that- Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s if Neptune stops its motion Neptune diameter and matter will be perished-

The fact I try to prove is (The Matter Creation Depends On Its Motion) – Lorentz transformation and my planet diameter equation supports this fact strongly 

DEEP DISCUSSION

(4)

The Matter Is Created In Pair And No Single Matter Is Created

Planet velocity is defined based on the rule (v1v2=constant= 322) let's prove that

322 = 47.4 km/s (Mercury velocities)         x 6.8 km/s  (Uranus velocities)                            

322 = 35 km/s  (Venus velocity)                 x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2                     

322 = 29.8 km/s (the Earth velocity)                    x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocities) x 2  

322 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)                x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)                        

322 = (17.9 km/s)^2 (Ceres velocity)                   (Max error 2%)

The idea is understandable – let's summarize it in following

(i)

The planets velocities are created complementary one another based on the rule (v1v2=constant= 322) and

(ii)

Planet data is created depending on its velocity- means- planet velocity is the first data in its creation and based on the velocity all other data is created- as we see in the planet diameter equation, planet diameter and all creation data is created depending on this planet velocity- means- based on (v1/v2) but planet orbital distance is defined based on  (v1/v2)^2 and planet orbital period is defined based on (v1/v2)^3

Based on this system planet data is created but we know that planet orbital distance is defined before planet creation and based on the orbit, planet velocity is defined and then all data is defined based on the planet velocity-

(iii)

Now the idea is clear- let's summarize it

The planets velocities are created complementary one another based on the rule (v1v2=322) and planet diameter is created depending on its velocity for that reason planet diameter is created complementary to another planet diameter- let's prove that

341.7 million km = Jupiter diameter 142984 km          x Pluto diameter 2390 km

341.7 million km = Jupiter radius 71492 km       x Mercury diameter 4879 km (2%)

341.7 million km�� = Saturn diameter 120536 km x 4 Mars diameter 6792 km (4%)

341.7 million km = Uranus diameter 51118 km  x0.5 Earth diameter 12756km(5%)

341.7 million km = Neptune diameter 49528 km x 2 The Moon diameter 3475 km

Clearly we see the planets diameters are complementary one another- because the matter is created in pairs and no single matter is created

Notice (1)

Suppose the physicist can create a type of single matter which has no complementary can that disprove my theory tells (The Matter Is Created In Pair And No Single Matter Is Created?) NO NEVER

Because- the matter is created from the original energy and the energy uses a system depends on matters in pairs complementary one another- shortly- the original energy is the main player and the matter is a form selected to be used by the energy- if the physicist created any type of matter which can't be used by the original energy this created matter will be neglected simply because the energy uses matters in pairs  

Notice (2)

Kelper stated (Planet Orbit Defines Its Velocity) and the planets velocities are complementary one another- but- the planets orbits are not complementary one another by that how the planets orbits are not complementary but the velocities are complementary but still the velocities definition depend on the orbits? This question is answered in item no. (vi)    

(Item No. iv) The Matter Nature Description

(1)

The Matter Is Similar To A Whirlpool (Vortex) Is Found On The Sea Page -

BECAUSE

The matter and space both are created from the same one energy- means- the planets matters and their distances both are created from the same one energy- the matter and space move depending on the motion of this energy from which they are created-

Based on this idea

The space is similar to the sea of water- and the matter is similar to a whirlpool (vortex) is found on the sea page- the matter creates for itself a distinguished picture different from the space picture and the matter moves by a different velocity from the space motion velocity- as the whirlpool (vortex) on the sea page- it's created by the sea water but it has a distinguish picture from the sea waves and it moves by a different velocity from the sea waves- this explanation shows how the moving energy can effect on the matter creation data- for example- we have a whirlpool (vortex) its diameter is 2 meters how is this whirlpool created? and why does its diameter equal = 2 meters? The diameter is created as a result for the water motion velocity, pressure, amount and motion angle and many other features of (the moving water)- the moving water creates this whirlpool with diameter 2 meters and as long as the water motion is not changed this diameter will not be changed also-   

(notice- The Gravitational Waves Prove The Space Has Motion And Not Static)

(2)

The matter also is similar to a body muscle or member which depends on the blood motion

suppose- we examine now a liver of human- the blood motion causes this liver to work perfectly but if the blood motion is changed that would cause changes for the liver cells and job– suppose the blood have some poison the liver will be dead- suppose the blood pressure is raised- shortly - the liver is a piece of body (matter) but it depends on the blood motion and this motion defines this liver dimensions and data- 

also–the matter is similar to a muscle in a creature- the muscle may be so strong as a rock but it depends on the blood motion (similar to that the matter is found depending on the motion of energy from which this matter is created)

(Item No. v) The Coherence Of Light (Young Interference)

I provide proves tell Gamma Ray and Young experiments are used in the solar planets creation – let's remember these experiments

(1st Experiment) Gamma ray (1.2 Mev) can produce electron and positron

(2nd Experiment) the coherence of light experiment (Young Interference)

Let's provide the proves for the using of these two experiments in the planets creation

Gamma Ray Experiment

There are two facts prove this experiment concept is used in the planets creation

First Fact Planet creation data is defined based on its velocity- this fact is proved by my planet diameter equation because planet diameter is created depending on this planet velocity as explained before (Neptune diameter is 49528 km because Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s)-means- Planet velocity is the first data in this planet creation process and based on this velocity all planet creation and motion data is created

Second Fact Planet velocity is complementary one another, which is proved by the rule (v1v2= 322 = constant)- that shows the planets data must be complementary one another as I have proved in the diameters values analysis

Shortly – The planets data are complementary one another (similar to the electron and positron are created from Gamma ray)

The Coherence of light Experiment (Young Interference)

There are two facts prove this experiment concept using in the solar system creation

1st Fact

The planets order is typical for Young interference- if we consider planet diameter is equivalent to the fringe breadth by that the planets order be typical for Young interference where the greatest fringe is in the middle (the greatest planet Jupiter) and the fringes breadth is deceased gradually on both sides

(I Proved Mars Original Orbit Was Between Mercury And Venus- so the original inner planets order was Mercury – Mars – Venus – The Earth) which shows gradual decreasing in diameters- the outer planets diameters also is decreased gradually       

2nd Fact

There's a coherence of light in the solar system- what does that mean?

Means- while planet orbit has energy of a light beam- another light beam enters this orbit by that there are two light beams in the same orbit- these two light beams create coherence of light- the planets orbits creation explain this fact in details- but here I want to prove this fact by simple direct proof before the planets orbits creation discussion –let's write this proof here

We have seen that the planets velocities are complementary one another by the rule (v1v2=constant=322) and planet all data is created depending on its velocity- by that the planets diameters also follow this rule where (R1R2= constant) as I have proved in my planet diameter equation

Now let's ask – can the planets orbits complementary one another? NO

So- how this rule (v1v2=constant= 322) is found?

By the energy reflection- means- the energy is reflected in the solar system and this reflection of energy causes the velocities to be reflected on one another and that produced the rule (v1v2=constant= 322)

We note the planets can’t be reflected on each other because the planets are connected with their orbits- and the energy reflection needs freedom in motion- means- this reflection of the planets velocities are done by effect of the energy reflection- please note- the energy reflection is a proved fact in the solar system- this fact is proved by hundreds of the planets data because the energy reflection cause effects on the planets data- shortly- the planets data is created by effects of the energy reflection-

Here we see the coherence of light is created because the orbits have energy where the space is energy and (Another energy is reflected and moved through all orbits and caused to create the planets data) by that each orbit has two energies together- I prove both energies are light beams-for that the two light beams create a coherence of light

I want to say- there are two facts prove the solar system has coherence of light which are the reflection of energy and the planets order

The planets orbits creation explain this theory in details I discuss it in item no. (**)

NOTICE

Please Note – I proved Mars original orbit was between Mercury and Venus and Mars is migrated to its current orbit behind the Earth- by that the inner planets original order was (Mercury – Mars – Venus – The Earth) here we see planets diameters are decreased gradually from the Earth to Mercury where Jupiter was the planet beside the Earth- means – the planets diameters are decreased gradually from Jupiter to Mercury- and the outer planets – the planets diameters also are decreased gradually- as I explained – if we compare planet diameter with fringe- the planets order be typical to Young interference – but – the order is reflected each other –let's see that

The inner planets (Mercury – Mars – Venus – The Earth)- the order tells greater diameter necessitates longer orbital distance – but

The outer planets (Jupiter– Saturn– Uranus– Neptune –Pluto)- the order tells greater diameter necessitates shorter distance

Here we see the orders are reflected one another- but in Young interference there's no reflection- I want to say- the planets orders are reflected because of the sun position- if the sun is not found no reflection will be found- that means- the reflection of energy caused to create the sun in the solar system because the sun creation causes the planets order to be reflected one another- my paper proves the sun is created after all planets creation and motion – and the sun is created by the reflected energy 

(Item No. vi) Planet Diameter Creation Depends On This Planet Orbit

The solar planets matters and their distances are created from one energy and this one energy is provided by one light beam and this light beam moves by speed = 1.16 million km per second (The speed is proved strongly and decisively)

The light (its speed 1.16 million km per second) built the solar system orbits starting from Mercury orbit toward Pluto orbit- the light created the planets orbits before any planet creation- means- all orbits are created before any planet creation- the orbits are created based on each other (this fact is proved by my planet orbital distance equation) after the light created all orbits and reach to Pluto orbit- the light energy is consumed in the space creation- and the rest energy is found in one light beam its speed is (300000 km/s = the known speed of light)- we understand this is one light beam its speed was 1.16 million km per second before the space creation (In Mercury Orbit) and its speed becomes 300000 km/s after the space creation (in Pluto orbit) as result for the energy consumption in the space creation-  

In Pluto orbit - the light could Not move any further to build any more orbits because any additional space creation will consume more energy and that will decrease the light speed to be less than 300000 km/s (the known speed of light) – and – No known light moves by speed less than 300000 km/s – means- the light had no energy to move any further after Pluto orbit- for that- the light returns to its origin point (Mercury orbit) for that the light is reflected with speed (300000 km/s) from Pluto orbit to Mercury orbit passing through the built orbits– no energy is required in this motion for that the light beam moves with speed of light (300000 km/s) till Mercury orbit.

Please note- the light (300000 km/s) is reflected from Pluto to Mercury

The reflection of the light beam (300000 km/s) Caused To Create The Solar Planets

Comments

The light (1.16 million km per second) created the orbits with energy means the created orbits have energies- and each planet orbit energy is less than its previous neighbor orbit because the planets velocities are decreased gradually- almost the energy is less by rate 80% because the velocities are rated with (0.8)   

Each planet diameter is created based on its orbit energy- the planet is similar to a tree planted in a ground and the planet orbit is this ground- that's why each planet diameter depends on this planet velocity and orbital inclination- please note Mars diameter equation proves this fact because Mars original orbit was between Mercury and Venus and Mars diameter is created based on this orbit energy and Mars had migrated from its original orbit to its current one behind the Earth but Mars diameter equation still shows Mars original orbital inclination (5.1degrees) while Mars current orbital inclination is 1.9 degrees- Mars diameter is created based on this inclination (5.1 deg) for that this inclination is seen in Mars diameter equation frequently (please review my planet diameter equation)    

The Occurrence Of The Coherence Of Light - The light beam (300000 km/s) is reflected and passed through all created orbits- that shows there two light beams are found in the same area (in any orbit)- because in each orbit there's this orbit energy which is found with the orbit creation by the light (1.16 million km per second) for that we say (Space Is Energy) because any orbit has energy found with its creation- and also the reflected light beam (300000 km/s) passed through all orbits- by that- in any orbit there are two different light beams (two different energies) and these light beams create A Coherence together- 

The Amazing Coherence Of Light There's a major interesting point here-the light beam (300000 km/s) created a coherence with the light 1.16 million km per second! BUT HOW?? because the light 1.16 million km per second is consumed and its energy is used for the space creation and the rest energy is this light beam moves by known speed of light (300000 km/s)!! how can the light beam (300000 km/s) meet the original light beam the 1.16 million km per second to create this coherence of light?

Please note- the speed 1.16 million km per second is the major used speed in the solar system data- means- the speed 1.16 million km per second is the secret by which the solar system data can be understood because all data is created as function in this speed-I prove that in the next pages- but this information is written to explain that the light 1.16 million km per second is consumed but its energy still works and causes continuous effect- BUT HOW??   

Let's write the answer

The light (300000 km/s) is reflected to move from Pluto to Mercury (while the original light 1.16 million km per second moved from Mercury to Pluto) means the light (300000 km/s) moved in opposite direction for the motion of the original light 1.16 million km per second- MEANS- the light (300000km/s) moved in the opposite direction of space to reach to Mercury- BUT NOT ONLY- in fact- the light (300000 km/s) moved also in the opposite direction OF TIME and moved into its own past – and in past – this light beam (300000 km/s) met the original light beam 1.16 million km per second – and in past – the two light beams created the coherence of light and then this coherence of light results have effects on our present time-

Shortly- the coherence of light in the solar system proves the light beam (300000 km/s) moved on the time-axis and this is an empirical proof for the time-axis motion where the light can move simply on the time axis

Notice – this motion can help us to create the time machine- because- if the light can move into the past that means we may use this motion and take photos of the past events and this will be our time machine which can go into the past and make photos and videos for the past events – even the events since thousands of years we can see in videos or in photos – this motion of light can give us a great option to create our machine of time      

Notice  the original light beam 1.16 million km per second can not move into the future to meet the light beam (300000 km/s) because in future the original light 1.16 million km per second is NOT found because its energy is consumed in the space creation- but- the light beam (300000km/s) can move into the past because in the past the light beam (300000 km/s) was part in the original light beam 1.16 million km per second and by that the two light beams be found in the same time   

Notice – we can not travel ourselves into the past- because planet diameter is created depending on its velocity- as proved by my planet diameter equation- means- the matter is created depending on its motion velocity- and the velocity is a motion in defined direction- the light is free in motion and doesn't forced to move in any direction for that the light has this option to move on the time axis but the matter is created depending on a motion in defined direction (no freedom in motion) for that the matter can't move on the time axis because the motion force the matter to move in a defined direction – the matter moved just to the future– and the matter can't move into the past-  

Planet Creation Machine Please note–we see the coherence of light is done by the two light beams 300000 km/s and 1.16 million km per second (because the light beam 300000 km/s can reach to the light 1.16 million km per second by moving into its past)- shortly – here we have 2 light beams in any orbit- and these two light beams cause two motions – we can imagine these two motions are perpendicular on each other – this perpendicular motions create a wave and planet is created as a wave (Particle is a wave also)- that explains how the planets are created 

Please note-  The reflection of energy is very effective in the solar planets data because the reflection of energy caused the planets to be created- the matter can't be created by the energy of any orbit alone but the reflection of energy adds second energy inside each orbit- by that- two energies are found in any orbit (two light beams) by these two light beams the light coherence is created and also the planets are created as waves-that explains why the planets data prove the reflection of energy because the planets are created by this energy reflection- as when we plant a tree we need a ground and we need seeds to be put in this ground- two players- the planets are created by two energies (two light beams coherence) and for that the planets velocities are defined based on the two speeds (300000 km/s) and (1.16 million km per second) as planet velocity definition proves.

Please note  the Matter Is Created In Pairs (as electron and positron from Gamma rays 1.2 Mev) – this is the main system of creation but -In planets creation the rule is used with some complex method- the complementary is found for the planets velocities and the planets data is created depending on these velocities- the same concept but the method is more complex- this similar to the creature creation- the cell reproduction is done by split the cell into two new cells- but in higher creatures the reproduction use more complex methods but the cell method is still the base of these complex methods  

Please note  the previous analysis tries to conclude how the planet matter is created – I put all available facts to reach to this conclusion- the matter real mechanism may be still not clear but many provided facts help to reach to this mechanism- also- we know the main concept behind the matter creation which is (The Matter Is Created In Pairs And Not Single Matter Is Created)

This Concept Is Proved Strongly And Clearly By The Gamma Rays Experiment And The Planets Data

(Item No. vii) The Proves Of The Light Speed 1.16 million km per second

THE SPEED PROVES

In following I prove the speed 1.16 million km per second is found

The paper provides many powerful proves – but - here I refer to 4 proves only

(1st Proof)

Planet Velocity Analysis proves the speed 1.16 million km per second

Data

322 = 47.4 km/s (Mercury velocities)  x 6.8 km/s  (Uranus velocities)                         

322 = 35 km/s  (Venus velocity)       x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2                     

322 = 29.8 km/s (the Earth velocity)          x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocities) x 2  

322 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)       x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)                        

322 = (17.9 km/s)^2 (Ceres velocity)                               (Max error 2%)

Discussion

This is one rule used to define planet velocity- we know this rule (v1v2 = constant =322) – other rules are discussed in planet velocity definition- here we ask only

Why the constant is 322?? Because 1160000 seconds = 3600 x 322 hours

Means – for example

Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in 6.8 hours a distance 1.16 million km – and

Uranus (6.8 km/s) moves in 47.4 hours a distance 1.16 million km-

Means- the light moves 1.16 million km but we see it as 1160000 seconds and based on this period the constant 322 hours is defined and based on this constant the planets velocities are defined- means- the planets velocities are defined as functions in the speed 1.16 million km per second

(2nd Proof) the planets orbital circumferences total is defined by light speed 1.16 million km per second- let's prove that 

100733 million km = 86400 seconds x 1160000 km/s

100733 million km = The Planets Orbital Circumferences Total

86400 seconds       = The solar day

Means- light its speed 1.16 million km per second passes in a solar day a distance = 100733 million km = The Planets Orbital Circumferences Total

The planets data analysis proves that the solar day is the major period of time in the solar system- that because- all planets rotation periods are defined based on it- the paper proves this fact strongly

 (3rd Proof)

The planets orbits and orbital distances are created from the energy of the light beam its speed is 1.16 million km per second- for that- this speed is registered in the distances data – let's prove that in following

Example

778.6 million km (Jupiter orbital distance) = 1160000 km/s x 671 seconds

721 million km (Jupiter Mercury distance) = 1160000 km/s x 629 seconds

Where

671 million km = Jupiter Venus Distance

629 million km = Jupiter Earth Distance

This example tells that

The light (its speed 1.16 million km per second) created the distances based on each other- means

The light uses 671 million km (Jupiter Venus Distance) as a period of time 671 seconds to pass the distance 778.6 million km (Jupiter Orbital Distance)   

Also -the light uses 629 million km (Jupiter Earth Distance) as a period of time 629 seconds to pass the distance 721 million km (Jupiter Mercury Distance)   

By this method the light (1.16 million km per second) creates the distances based on each other- means – the distances be created in one network and by one design

the previous data is example for so many other distances let's see them in following

(778.6 / 671)= (721/629) = (629/551)= (2x551/940)= (4900/4188) = (5906/5127)= (5127/4437) = (4345/3717)= 1.16

Where

778.6 million km = Jupiter Orbital Distance 

721 million km    = Jupiter Mercury Distance 

671 million km    = Jupiter Venus Distance 

629 million km    = Jupiter Earth Distance 

551 million km    = Jupiter Mars Distance 

940 million km    = Earth Orbital Circumference

4188 million km  = 2 x 2094  million km (Jupiter Uranus Distance)

4900 million km  = Jupiter Orbital Circumference

5906 million km  = Pluto Orbital Distance

5127 million km  = Pluto Jupiter Distance

4437 million km  = Mercury Neptune Distance

4345 million km  = The Earth Neptune Distance

3717 million km  = Jupiter Neptune Distance

The paper provides so many other powerful proves for the speed 1.16 million km

Notice

 (1.16/0.3) x 2π = 24.3

The equation tells, because the solar system is created by light beam its speed 1.16million km per second with its other speed 300000 km/s

For that - the space is created in curved lines (2π) and the time is created based on the solar day (24 hours)- that explains why the planets orbital circumferences total depends on the solar day period

(4th Proof)

300000 = (205.8)^2 x 7.1 where

The 9 planets velocities total 176 km/s and I add the Earth moon velocity 29.8 km/s the total be 205.8 km/s - the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s)

7.1 is Lorentz length contraction effect produced by speed 99% of speed of light-

Shortly- the reflection of energy causes to square the wave velocity for that the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) is squared by the energy reflection

Now (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42354

The rate 7.1 causes to increase the distance from (42354 km) to (42354 x 7.1= 300000 km)- note-although 7.1 is Lorentz length contraction rate but it increases the distances in place of the contraction effect because the reflection of energy causes to reflect the geometrical effects-

shortly the equation (300000=(205.8)^ x 7.1) proves the planets velocities are defined as function in the known speed of light (300000 km/s)   

that proves the planets velocities are defined based on the two speeds of light –the known speed of light 300000 km/s and the original speed of light 1.16 million km per second.

NOTICE

Lorentz length contraction effect for a velocity 99% of speed of light (297000 km/s) is (7.1) as seen in the equation but the solar system uses this rate with modification

(7.1/100)+ 1 = 1.0725

And this final rate (1.0725) controls 40% of all planets data (distances, periods, axial tilts and other data)- this effect is a proof for the motion by high velocity because this rate (1.0725) controls 40% of all data in the solar system and no explanation except Lorentz length contraction effect- more proves are in (Item No. 5-6 Can Relativistic Effects Be Found In The Solar System?)

(Item No. viii) Planet creation depends on light motion

The previous analysis proves planet diameter is created depending on its orbit- specifically- planet diameter depends on its velocity and the velocity depends on its orbit- this fact is proved by my planet diameter equation (where planet diameter is created depending on its velocity) and by Kepler statement (Planet orbit defines its velocity) – but-

Why Does Planet Orbit Define Its Velocity?

Where I proved no planet moves by the sun gravity- by that the planet orbital distance has no effect on this planet motion or velocity nor planet mass has any effect on its velocity-So - Why Does Planet Orbit Define Its Velocity? The next data proves there's a connection between planet velocity and its orbit through light motion

DATA

300000 km                              = 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 3600 x 17.73

5906 s x 300000 km/s   = 1773 million km

300000 km                              = 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 3600 x 15.43

5144 s x 300000 km/s   = 1543 million km                   ((5144= 4495 x (1.0725)^2)

300000 km                              = 9.7 km/s (Saturn velocity) x 3600 x 8.6

2870 s x 300000 km/s   = 8600 million km                  

300000 km                              = 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity) x 3600 x 12.26

4085 s x 300000 km/s   = 1226 million km                  

300000 km                              = 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity) x 3600 x 6.36

2120 s x 300000 km/s   = 636 million km          

Where

5906 million km            = Pluto Orbital Distance

4495 million km            = Neptune Orbital Distance

2872 million km            = Uranus Orbital Distance = 2 x Saturn Orbital Distance

4900 million km            = Jupiter Orbital Circumference

Notice

18048 million km (Uranus Orbital Circumference) = 4.4 x 4085 million km

4900 million km (Jupiter Orbital Circumference)   = 2.3 x 2120 million km

4.4 = 2.2 x 2 (with 2.3 the error 5%)

Discussion

The data shows each outer planet velocity is related to its orbital distance by effect of the light motion (300000 km/s)- Uranus and Jupiter shows the rate 4.4 which related to Jupiter (3.1 deg Jupiter axial tilt + 1.3 deg Jupiter orbital inclination)- the energy is reflected from Uranus to Jupiter that causes the two planets use the same rate.

The data proves the planets motions depend on light motion and explains how the planet orbit defines its velocity

Notice

0.8 = (27.8 /35) = (24.1/29.8) = (10.8/13.1) = (5.4/6.8) = (17.2/21.4) = 19.8/24)

Where

35 km/s       = Venus velocity  

29.8 km/s    = The Earth velocity  

27.8 km/s    = The moon velocity  

13.1 km/s    = Jupiter velocity  

6.8 km/s      = Uranus velocity  

5.4 km/s      = Neptune velocity   note (10.8 = 5.4)

17.2 hours = Uranus Rotation Period

21.4 hours = 2 x 10.7 h Saturn Rotation Period

19.8 hours = 2 x 9.9 h Jupiter Rotation Period

24 hours     = The solar day period

The data shows harmony between the planets velocities and their rotation periods

Second Item - Research Methodology

I use the planets data analysis to discover the planets creation and motion facts–

In details- I try to discover how the planet get its data- for example – why Jupiter diameter is 142984 km? why Neptune axel tilt is 28.3 deg? why Pluto orbital period is 90560 days? This method helps greatly to discover the solar system facts let's provide two examples to explain how this method works

Example No. (1)

Why Is The Moon Orbital Apogee Radius = 406000 Km?

The moon daily displacement =88000 km and during 29.53 days (the moon day period) the displacements total be = 2.598 million km = 2π x 413600 km

The data tells us the moon orbital apogee radius should be 413600 km and also it tells, because the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is so long, the moon should revolve around the Earth through this apogee orbit its radius (413600 km) only and can't revolve around the Earth through any more near orbit…

Not Facts

The moon orbital apogee radius =406000 km only and the moon revolves around the Earth through near orbits and can reach to perigee radius (363000 km). 

How Can The Moon Do That?

 

The intelligent moon creates an angle (θ) between its motion direction and its orbit horizontal level by that the real displacement (L) through the orbit be less than (88000 km) because it be (L = 88000 km cos θ), as a result the total displacements be less than (2.598 million km) and that makes the moon orbital apogee radius to be decreased from 413600 km to 406000 km.

We should pay attention for the angle (θ), because this angle controls the moon motion features – where- with the angle (θ) increasing the real displacement (L) be shorter and the moon can revolve around the Earth through more near orbits – but –with the angle (θ) deceasing the real displacement (L) be longer and that pushes the moon far from the Earth to more far orbits- The moon orbital motion equation depends on this angle (θ) it tells θ1 = θ0 +1.7 deg where (θ1) = today angle and (θ0) =yesterday angle and 1.7 deg is used as the moon motion degrees per solar day for the equation

Example No. (2)

Can Mars Itself Cause The Earth Moon Creation?

Giant-impact hypothesis tells (NO) – but let's see the planets data analysis   

I Suppose - Mars Original Orbit Was Between Mercury And Venus

The order (Mercury – Mars – Venus – Earth) shows correct order in planets diameters (and masses), and orbital distances - BUT – Mars had migrated from its original orbit (between Mercury and Venus) to its current one (227.9 million km) and Mars had collided with Venus and then with the Earth in its migration motion – and Mars itself has caused the Earth moon creation- My Mars Migration Theory answers many left questions by Giant-Impact Hypothesis – for example -

Why Does Venus Have No Moon? Mars had migrated from its original orbit (between Mercury and Venus) – and moved to its current orbit (227.9 million km) – BUT- Mars had moved by a force – and then Mars had collided with Venus –and Mars had pushed ALL DEBRIS with it in its Motion Direction because of its strong motion - Venus had found no debris around and for that Venus couldn't create its moon –But – The Earth mass is greater than Venus' and the debris lost some of their momentum for that the Earth could attracted some debris and created its moon-Mars has 2 moons and this fact supports my theory because Mars with small mass could attract two  moons because the debris were around it while Venus has greater mass but couldn't create its own moon because the debris are moved with Mars motion- the rest debris are attracted by Jupiter gravity and created the asteroid belt 

Shortly

The planet data analysis compares between the theory and the planets data to see if there's harmony between them and if the data logical analysis supports the theory 

Third Item - My 5 Equations 

My 5 Equations Prove Planets Creation and Motions Data Is Defined By Geometrical Rules (NO Random Creation)-I provide here the three main equations (1st, 4th and 5th) let's refer to them in following 

Planet orbital distance equation (My 1st equation)

d^2= 4do (d-do)

where d= planet orbital distance and do= its previous neighbor orbital distance

Example (1) Venus orbital distance (108.2)^2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3)                             

d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance

d0= 57.9 million km  = Mercury Orbital Distance

50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury  Venus Depends On Mercury

Example (2) Saturn orbital distance (1433)^2= 4 x 778.6 x 655

d= 1433 million km    = Saturn Orbital Distance

d0= 778.6 million km  = Jupiter Orbital Distance

655million km=The Distance Between Saturn And Jupiter Saturn Depends On Jupiter

The equation depends on the planets order, just 2 neighbor planets can be used

The equation exceptions are, Earth depends on Mercury Not Venus – and Mars depends on Venus Not Earth And Pluto depends on Uranus Not Neptune

The Equation Concept Support

let's suppose–There's a right triangle by the 3 points The Sun, Mercury and Venus)- by that - Venus angle is (61 degrees) because Venus orbital distance (108.2 mkm) x cos (61) = Venus Mercury distance (50.3 mkm) – and

Earth angle is (51 degrees) because Earth orbital distance (149.6 mkm) x cos (51) = Earth Mercury distance (91.7 mkm) – and

Mars angle is (41.7 degrees) because Mars orbital distance (227.9mkm) x cos (41.7)= Mars Mercury distance (170 mkm)- and

Jupiter angle is (22.2 degrees) because Jupiter orbital distance (778.6 mkm) x cos (22.2)= Jupiter Mercury distance (721 mkm)

Similar to that – Saturn angle is 16.5, Uranus angle is 11.6 deg, Neptune angle is 9.2 deg and Pluto angle is 8 deg- these angles follow the same system

for example -Pluto angle is (8 degrees) because Pluto orbital distance (5906 mkm) x cos (8)= Pluto Mercury distance (5848 mkm) –

NOTICE No. (1)

The right angle and its triangle is (a hypothesis) – but we can prove it's a fact because (v1/v2) = (θ1/ θ2) -means – these angles are rated with their planets velocities – for example (Neptune velocity 5.4/ Pluto velocity 4.7) = (9.2 deg /8 deg)

NOTICE No. (2) these angles are complementary one another for that

940 = 61 x 2 x 8 = 51 x 2 x 9.2 = 41.7 x 22.2

(61 degrees) is Venus angle and (51 degrees) is The Earth angle and (41.7 degrees) is Mars angle and (8 degrees) is Pluto angle and (9.2 degrees) is Neptune angle and (22.2 degrees) is Jupiter angle

DISCUSSION

The equation and angles system data prove the following

(1)

The planets orbital distances are defined based on their neighbors and NO mass is required to define it- Newton is wrong- planet orbital distance is Not defined based on this planet mass (also planet motion doesn't depend on its mass)

Shortly- the mass is not related for the orbital distance definition at all

(2) The gravitation equation is wrong because it contradicts the planets order- for example (Mercury- Venus – the Earth) this order tells more mass needs longer orbital distance while the gravitation equation tells more mass needs shorter distance- clearly the equation contradicts the planets order- also Jupiter the greatest mass is not the more near planet to the sun – when we asked the physicist he told this is happened because of the planets initial conditions- my equation proves no initial conditions have effects on any distance – all distances are defined by the same one rule and the angles system supports the equation concept proves that (the planets orbital distances are defined based on each other and no mass is required in this definition)     

Planet Diameter Equation (My 4th equation)

My Planet Diameter Equation (v1/v2)= (s/r)= I

v = Planet Velocity                          

r = Planet Diameter

I= Planet Orbital Inclination   

s= Planet Rotation Periods Number In Its Orbital Period

v2, s, r and I are belonged to one planet and v1 is belonged to another planet

The planet (v1) is defined by test the minimum error 

Earth Equation uses Neptune velocity                        

Mars Equation uses Pluto velocity

Jupiter Equation uses the Earth moon velocity      

Saturn Equation uses Mars velocity

Uranus Equation uses Neptune velocity (As Earth)

Neptune Equation uses Saturn velocity

Pluto Equation uses the Earth moon velocity (As Jupiter)

Example  Neptune Equation (89143 /49528) = 9.7/ 5.4 =1.8                  

89143                   = Neptune rotation periods number in Neptune orbital period

49528 km   = Neptune diameter            

9.7 km/s      = Saturn velocity and

5.4 km/s      = Neptune velocity             

1.8 degrees= Neptune Orbital Inclination

59800 days = Neptune orbital period (and Neptune rotation period =16.1 hours)

All planets diameters follow this equation perfectly 

Notice

This equation is discussed with matter creation and definition (item no. I) also the equation is analyzed and discussed with all details in the paper discussions 

Planet velocity equation (My 5th equation)

Planet velocity definition is important point of study because many planet data is defined based on its velocity- specifically

Planet diameter is defined based on the rate (v1/v2) by my planet diameter equation –discussed before – and

Planet orbital distance is defined by the rate (v1/v2)^2 –and

Planet orbital period is defined by the rate (v1/v2)^3

Please note – Kepler stated (Planet orbit defines its velocity) and it's fact proved by the planets data – but Newton stated Planet motion depends on its mass- this is NOT Fact and Planet velocity is defined without any effect of its mass as the data shows

(I have refuted Newton theory of the sun gravity and his theory for mass gravity) 

Now – let's ask - How Is Planet Velocity Defined?

Planet velocity is defined by Five Rules let's see them in following

(i) First Rule 

v1v2 = constant= 322  (my 5th equation)

47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Mercury velocity)                    =322

35 km/s (Venus velocity)         x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2                   =322

29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity)         x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 2     =322

24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)       x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)           =322 (Max error 2%)

The rule (v1v2=322) tells the velocities are defined in pairs and not individually, each planet velocity has its own complementary- the rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- the reflection of energy and data is discussed later. 

In this rule we interest for the constant (322)- let's ask- why the constant = 322? 

The constant 322 depends on the speed 1.16 million km per second because

(1160000 seconds = 322 hours) - Means

Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in 6.8 hours a distance = 1.16 million km and

Uranus (6.8 km/s) moves in 47.4 hours a distance   = 1.16 million km

Shortly -we realize that the constant 322 is produced based on the speed 1.16 million km per second- means- the planets velocities are complementary each other because they are defined as functions in this same speed 1.16 million km per second

(This is similar to electron and positron are produced from Gamma ray, The two particles depend on Gamma energy in their masses)

Based On This Data

I concluded there's a light beam its speed 1.16 million km per second and from this light beam energy the solar system is created- and the planets velocities are defined as functions in this speed 1.16 million km per second and that causes the velocities to be complementary each other-

(Note the speed 1.16 million km per second is proved strongly in my paper)

(ii) Second Rule 

v1v2 = 1

The velocity here uses the solar day (86400 seconds) – let's prove that-

Mercury moves per solar day           = 4.095 million km

Venus moves per solar day               = 3.024 million km

The Earth moves per solar day                  = 2.574 million km

The Moon moves per solar day                  = 2.4 million km

Mars moves per solar day                = 2.082 million km

Jupiter moves per solar day              = 1.1318 million km

Saturn moves per solar day              = 0.838 million km

Uranus moves per solar day             = 0.5875 million km

Neptune moves per solar day           = 0.4665 million km

Pluto moves per solar day                = 0.406 million km

AND

0.406 (Pluto velocity)              x 2.4 (the moon velocity)             = 1         (error 2.5%)

0.4665 (Neptune velocity)       x 2.082 (Mars velocity)               = 1          (error 2.5%)

0.5875 (Uranus velocity)                  x 3.024 (Venus velocity)/1.772   = 1 (error 2.5%)

0.838 (Saturn velocity)            x 1.1318 (Jupiter velocity)         = 1 (error 5%)

(1.772 = π^1/2)

The second rule tells very similar meaning (v1v2= constant= 1)

The data uses the velocities per solar day for that the constant is changed from 322 into 1 but the rule is the same- (v1v2= Constant)

I want to say- the rule (v1v2 = Constant) tells that (The Velocities Are Reflected On Each Other) this conclusion is simple one (A x 1/A= constant=1)  

The rule proves the energy is reflected in the solar system and this reflection has effect on the planets data and for that the planets velocities are defined by this energy  reflection and the velocities are produced complementary each other as a result.

Notice the second rule causes confusion because the complementary player is changed- for example Pluto is complementary with Venus (in the first rule 35 x 4.7 x 2 = 322) but Pluto is complementary with the Earth moon in the second rule (0.406 x 2.4 = 1) that tells the players are changed which is illogical idea- how can we solve this problem? The third rule solves it – let's see this rule in following 

(iii) Third Rule 

v1/v2 = 0.8 (based on the planets order)

47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 0.8   = 38 (35 km/s = Venus velocity error 7.25%)

35 km/s (Venus velocity)         x 0.8   = 27.78 (The moon velocity)

29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity)         x 0.8   = 24.1 (Mars velocity)                          (error 1%)

24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)       x 0.8   = 2 x 9.7 (Saturn velocity)

13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)     x 0.8   = 2 x 5.4 (Neptune velocity)       (error 3%)

6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity)      x 0.8   = 5.4 (Neptune velocity)

5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity)    x 0.8   = 4.3 (Pluto velocity 4.7 the error 7.25%)

Please note

The error 7.25 is found by the rate 1.0725 – that means

47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 0.8   = 38 = 1.0725 x 35 km/s (Venus velocity)

5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 0.8     = 4.3= 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) / 1.0725

29.8 km/s (Earth velocity)                = 27.78 km/s (The moon velocity) x 1.0725

We know the rate 1.0725 is found by Lorentz length contraction effect- and we know this rate has effect on around 40% of all planets data – that's why we see this rate has effect on the planets velocities definition-

Let's remember the question-

In the rule (v1v2=322) we found that Pluto is complementary with Venus because

4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 2 = 322

But in the rule (v1v2 =1) we found Pluto is complementary with the moon because

0.406 mkm (Pluto Velocity Daily) x 2.4 mkm (The Moon Velocity Daily) = 1

The question asked – if the planets velocities are defined in pairs complementary each other and not individually how can the players be changed? 

The answer tells – the planets velocities are rated by (0.8) based on the planets order means – the moon velocity daily 2.4 mkm = Venus velocity daily 3.024 mkm x 0.8

The rate (0.8) defines all planets velocities depend on each other by order-

Now let's see Planet velocity final definition– because- the definition uses three planets velocities together and not only two – let's put that clearly in following-

 (iv) The Planet Velocity Final Definition

 (A)

47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 0.8 = 38 km/s (Venus velocity 35 km/s)

Venus moves per solar day 3.024 million km -But

1/3.024 = 0.3307 million km = Uranus moves per solar day 0.5875 million km /1.77

(note 1.77 = π^1/2) and (38 = 35 x 1.0725)

For that

47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity) = 322

(B)

35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 0.8 = 27.78 km/s (The Moon velocity)

The moon moves per solar day 2.4 million km -But

1/2.4 = 0.406 million km = Pluto moves per solar day 0.406 million km

For that

35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2 = 322

(C)

29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity) x 0.8 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)

Mars moves per solar day 2.082 million km -But

1/2.082 = 0.4665 million km = Neptune moves per solar day 0.4665 million km

For that

29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity) x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 2 = 322

(D)

13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity) x 0.8= 2 x 5.24km/s (Neptune velocity 5.4 km/s error 3%)

Neptune moves per solar day 0.4665 million km - But

1/0.4665 = 2.082 million km = Mars moves per solar day 2.082 million km

For that

13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity) x 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity) = 322  (CONT)

Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292

Physics Department-  Physics & Mathematics  Faculty 

Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow   (2010-2013)

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[nature-godsgardenofeden]

♥

12 Great Gifts from Astronomy

This is a season where our thoughts turn to others and many exchange gifts with friends and family. For astronomers, our universe is the gift that keeps on giving. We’ve learned so much about it, but every question we answer leads to new things we want to know. Stars, galaxies, planets, black holes ��� there are endless wonders to study.

In honor of this time of year, let’s count our way through some of our favorite gifts from astronomy.

Our first astronomical gift is … one planet Earth

So far, there is only one planet that we’ve found that has everything needed to support life as we know it — Earth. Even though we’ve discovered over 5,200 planets outside our solar system, none are quite like home. But the search continues with the help of missions like our Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). And even you (yes, you!) can help in the search with citizen science programs like Planet Hunters TESS and Backyard Worlds.

Our second astronomical gift is … two giant bubbles

Astronomers found out that our Milky Way galaxy is blowing bubbles — two of them! Each bubble is about 25,000 light-years tall and glows in gamma rays. Scientists using data from our Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope discovered these structures in 2010, and we're still learning about them.

Our third astronomical gift is … three types of black holes

Most black holes fit into two size categories: stellar-mass goes up to hundreds of Suns, and supermassive starts at hundreds of thousands of Suns. But what happens between those two? Where are the midsize ones? With the help of NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, scientists found the best evidence yet for that third, in between type that we call intermediate-mass black holes. The masses of these black holes should range from around a hundred to hundreds of thousands of times the Sun’s mass. The hunt continues for these elusive black holes.

Our fourth and fifth astronomical gifts are … Stephan’s Quintet

When looking at this stunning image of Stephan’s Quintet from our James Webb Space Telescope, it seems like five galaxies are hanging around one another — but did you know that one of the galaxies is much closer than the others? Four of the five galaxies are hanging out together about 290 million light-years away, but the fifth and leftmost galaxy in the image below — called NGC 7320 — is actually closer to Earth at just 40 million light-years away.

Our sixth astronomical gift is … an eclipsing six-star system

Astronomers found a six-star system where all of the stars undergo eclipses, using data from our TESS mission, a supercomputer, and automated eclipse-identifying software. The system, called TYC 7037-89-1, is located 1,900 light-years away in the constellation Eridanus and the first of its kind we’ve found.

Our seventh astronomical gift is … seven Earth-sized planets

In 2017, our now-retired Spitzer Space Telescope helped find seven Earth-size planets around TRAPPIST-1. It remains the largest batch of Earth-size worlds found around a single star and the most rocky planets found in one star’s habitable zone, the range of distances where conditions may be just right to allow the presence of liquid water on a planet’s surface.

Further research has helped us understand the planets’ densities, atmospheres, and more!

Our eighth astronomical gift is … an (almost) eight-foot mirror

The primary mirror on our Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is approximately eight feet in diameter, similar to our Hubble Space Telescope. But Roman can survey large regions of the sky over 1,000 times faster, allowing it to hunt for thousands of exoplanets and measure light from a billion galaxies.

Our ninth astronomical gift is … a kilonova nine days later

In 2017, the National Science Foundation (NSF)’s Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and European Gravitational Observatory’s Virgo detected gravitational waves from a pair of colliding neutron stars. Less than two seconds later, our telescopes detected a burst of gamma rays from the same event. It was the first time light and gravitational waves were seen from the same cosmic source. But then nine days later, astronomers saw X-ray light produced in jets in the collision’s aftermath. This later emission is called a kilonova, and it helped astronomers understand what the slower-moving material is made of.

Our tenth astronomical gift is … NuSTAR’s ten-meter-long mast

Our NuSTAR X-ray observatory is the first space telescope able to focus on high-energy X-rays. Its ten-meter-long (33 foot) mast, which deployed shortly after launch, puts NuSTAR’s detectors at the perfect distance from its reflective optics to focus X-rays. NuSTAR recently celebrated 10 years since its launch in 2012.

Our eleventh astronomical gift is … eleven days of observations

How long did our Hubble Space Telescope stare at a seemingly empty patch of sky to discover it was full of thousands of faint galaxies? More than 11 days of observations came together to capture this amazing image — that’s about 1 million seconds spread over 400 orbits around Earth!

Our twelfth astronomical gift is … a twelve-kilometer radius

Pulsars are collapsed stellar cores that pack the mass of our Sun into a whirling city-sized ball, compressing matter to its limits. Our NICER telescope aboard the International Space Station helped us precisely measure one called J0030 and found it had a radius of about twelve kilometers — roughly the size of Chicago! This discovery has expanded our understanding of pulsars with the most precise and reliable size measurements of any to date.

Stay tuned to NASA Universe on Twitter and Facebook to keep up with what’s going on in the cosmos every day. You can learn more about the universe here.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

[loggiepj]

Green Eyes

Cheerleader Wanda x Nerd Fem Reader Short Stories

"Any second now," you whisper to Wanda, unaware the brunette hasn't left your side so close to your face as you handle the telescope before you. And the sound of your sweet soft voice whispering through her ear makes Wanda want to just grab you for a kiss.

"There." You lean back, allowing Wanda to look through the telescope.

"Wow, that's the space station?" Wanda asks in awe. "It's so small."

"Yep, but in reality, it's the size of a full length football field."

"How long do we see it in the sky?"

"Just for a few minutes, then we won't be able to see it until next month."

"It's gone," Wanda says, leaning back.

"It just moves fast. Let me." You move forward to fix the view, your hand touching hers giving Wanda goosebumps. And Wanda doesn't want the feeling to end.

She likes seeing you like this, fascinated about space and sharing what you love with her. She yearns to reach out for you. You are so close yet so far and unreachable. If you could only turn your head slightly to your right, you'd meet her waiting lips.

Until the moment is disrupted by Christine as she pulls you to her side, asking what she is seeing through her telescope.

And you are too nice to refuse.

Wanda would have just kept her cool if it wasn't for the evil smirk Christine was sending her way.

Wanda knows she has to act fast, so she looks for Pietro who is on his phone at the time, sitting beside Yelena who was playing a boardgame with another student.

Wanda then tells Pietro about someone from her cheerleading team commenting about the awful change in the design of the school's newspaper, making him instantly worry and call for Christine for an urgent discussion.

She chuckles giddily as she skips back towards you. You pull away from the telescope, noticing Wanda is beside you instead of Christine. You give Wanda a smile as she mirrors it back.

"What's in the other room?" Wanda asks as she starts to walk towards it.

You follow her. "Pictures taken from the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope. "

"Fascinating," Wanda says as she touches the image. "Are you here quite often?"

"Not much. Pietro found this place and it kinda became a spot where we hang out most of the time."

She smiles at you, finding you immobile in the center just staring at her. She then avoids your gaze when she blushes.

"Is this really in space?" Wanda touches a photo beside her which looks like a large round green explosion.

You then approach her. "That's the Ring Nebula, a nebula appears when a star is in its dying stage, releasing various chemicals around it creating that much light. James Webb took a clearer picture of it. Actually, it reminds me of you."

Wanda curiously looks at you. "How?"

"The green in your eyes," you explain shyly. "It's kinda like looking into Aurora Borealis. Sometimes, I get lost looking at them."

Wanda freezes as she feels her heart race. Did you just flirt with her? Of course, you did.

She leans forward slowly, thankful you're not pulling back. Is this going to be her first kiss with you?

But then Pietro walks into the room and asks further what other comments Wanda's team has on the newspaper, with a smirking Christine in tow.

Author's note: I truly appreciate your continued support in reading my stories. You can help me create more stories by supporting my writing thru this link. Thank you so much. ❤

[apod]

2024 March 7

The Crew-8 Nebula Image Credit & Copyright: Michael Seeley

Explanation: Not the James Webb Space Telescope's latest view of a distant galactic nebula, this cloud of gas and dust dazzled spacecoast skygazers on March 3. The telephoto snapshot was taken minutes after the launch of a Falcon 9 rocket on the SpaceX Crew-8 mission, to the International Space Station. It captures plumes and exhaust from the separated first and second stage, a drifting Rorschach pattern in dark evening skies. The bright spot near bottom center within the stunning terrestrial nebulosity is the second stage engine firing to carry 4 humans to space in the Crew Dragon spacecraft Endeavour. In sharp silhouette just above it is the Falcon 9 first stage booster orienting itself for return to a landing zone at Cape Canaveral, planet Earth. This reuseable first stage booster was making its first flight. But the Crew Dragon Endeavour capsule has flown humans to low Earth orbit and back again 4 times before. Endeavour, as a name for a spacecraft, has also seen reuse, christening retired Space Shuttle Endeavour and the Apollo 15 command module.

∞ Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap240307.html

[mindblowingscience]

Astronomers have detected the oldest known examples of complex organic molecules in the universe, a new study reports. These chemicals — much like ones found in smoke and soot on Earth — reside within an early galaxy that formed when the universe was about 10% of its current age, according to the study. The carbon-based molecules, technically known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are found in oil and coal deposits on Earth, as well as in smog. "The molecules we found aren't simple things like water or carbon dioxide," study lead author Justin Spilker, an astronomer at Texas A&M University in College Station, told Space.com. "We're talking about big, floppy molecules with dozens or hundreds of atoms in them."

Continue Reading

[sports-and-fandoms]

Saw this on twitter

This cannot be true lol i just cant picture it, im sorry 😭😭 I need someone to ask him if this is true bc if he’s a space nerd, i’ll die.

I’ll simply pass away.

Update: i refuse to believe this is true bc he doesn’t follow nasa, the webb telescope, nor the international space station or any space related accounts on instagram.

But, you know who DOES follow these accounts? (Based on the players i follow on IG)

Nasa: Tyson Barrie, Cale Makar, Alex Belzile, Nazem Kadri, Darcy Kuemper

James webb telescope: aube kubel

Iss: alex belzile

Update 2 (bc im procrastinating on these constitutional law readings and im crazy lol):

This one is based on Twitter (I followed a bunch of players I dislike just to see who was following the space accounts and all I got was 1 guy lol)

Nasa: Ryan Hartman

James Webb telescope: Ryan Hartman

(unfortunate discoveries: brendan gallagher follows Candace Owens, Ben shapiro, poilievre, O'Toole, the conservative party, and don cheery)

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Astronomers witness the in situ spheroid formation in distant submillimetre-bright galaxies

An international team of researchers including The University of Tokyo Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI) has found evidence showing that old elliptical galaxies in the universe can form from intense star formation within early galaxy cores. This discovery will deepen our understanding of how galaxies evolved from the early Universe, reports a new study in Nature.

Galaxies in today’s Universe are diverse in morphologies and can be roughly divided into two categories: younger, disk-like spiral galaxies, like our own Milky Way, that are still forming new stars; and older, elliptical galaxies, which are dominated by a central bulge, no longer forming stars and mostly lacking gas. These spheroidal galaxies contain very old stars, yet how they formed has remained a mystery—until now.   The discovery of the birth sites of giant, elliptical galaxies – announced in a paper published today in Nature – come from analyzing data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) on over 100 Submillimeter Bright Galaxies (SMGs) with redshifts dating to the “Cosmic noon” era, when the universe was between around 1.6 and 5.9 billion years old and many galaxies were actively forming stars. This study provides the first solid observational evidence that spheroids can form directly through intense star formation within the cores of highly luminous starburst galaxies in the early Universe, based on a new perspective from the submillimeter band. This breakthrough will significantly impact models of galaxy evolution and deepen our understanding of how galaxies form and evolve across the Universe.   In this study, researchers led by Chinese Academy of Sciences Purple Mountain Observatory Associate Researcher Qinghua Tan, and including Kavli IPMU Professor John Silverman, Project Researcher Boris Kalita, and graduate student Zhaoxuan Liu, used statistical analysis of the surface brightness distribution of dust emission in the submillimeter band, combined with a novel analysis technique. They found that the submillimeter emission in most of sample galaxies are very compact, with surface brightness profiles deviating significantly from those of exponential disks. This suggests that the submillimeter emission typically comes from structures that are already spheroid-like. Further evidence for this spheroidal shape comes from a detailed analysis of galaxies’ 3D geometry. Modeling based on the skewed-high axis-ratio distribution shows that the ratio of the shortest to the longest of their three axes is, on average, half and increases with spatial compactness. This indicates that most  of these highly star-forming galaxies are intrinsically spherical rather than disk-shaped. Supported by numerical simulations, this discovery has shown us that the main mechanism behind the formation of these tri-dimensional galaxies (spheroids) is the simultaneous action of cold gas accretion and galaxy interactions. This process is thought to have been quite common in the early Universe, during the period when most spheroids were forming. It could redefine how we understand galaxy formation.   This research was made possible thanks to the A3COSMOS and A3GOODSS archival projects, which enabled researchers to gather a large number of galaxies observed with a high enough signal-to-noise ratio for detailed analysis. Future exploration of the wealth of ALMA observations accumulated over the years, along with new submillimeter and millimeter observations with higher resolution and sensitivity, will allow us to systematically study the cold gas in galaxies. This will offer unprecedented insight into the distribution and kinematics of the raw materials fueling star formation. With the powerful capabilities of Euclid, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and the China Space Station Telescope (CSST) to map the stellar components of galaxies, we will gain a more complete picture of early galaxy formation. Together, these insights will deepen our understanding of how the Universe as a whole has evolved over time.

IMAGE: Schematic diagram shows how spheroid formation occurs in distant submillimetre-bright galaxies, and how this process connects to the evolution of giant elliptical galaxies in today's Universe. On the far left, we have RGB images from JWST (using F444W for red, F227W for green, and F150W for blue) showcasing examples from our sample of galaxies. The cyan dashed ellipse marks the concentrated region of submm emission, with zoomed-in views highlighting the ALMA submm images. Also shown is a classification of the galaxies' intrinsic shapes. The average shape parameters for our full sample (green ellipse), a subsample of submm-compact galaxies (orange ellipse), and a subsample of submm-extended galaxies (blue ellipse) are compared to local early-type galaxies (red ellipse) and late-type galaxies (represented by purple and cyan spiral shapes).  Credit: Qing-Hua Tan

[theofficialastronomy101]

[itsgerges]

Best Regards

The Planets Were Moving In Their Orbits Before The Sun Creation (Revised) https://app.box.com/s/dufa274dvpay3fqn6syz6sefjljfwnx9 or https://app.box.com/s/89vxxtv3hc8si245fwxpbw0ts9b126nz or https://www.tumblr.com/itsgerges/762780127698567168/the-planets-were-moving-in-their-orbits-before-the?source=share or https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239300.html

The Sun Creation The sun is created depending on the planets motions- because- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- In details- Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and from this energy the sun rays is created- means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the planets motions energies total is used to produce the sun rays– that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body (from the planets motions energies total)- This theory is discussed based on 5 hypotheses. The First Hypothesis The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose -the sun rays is produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion- also – I claim No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states. The Second Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The Third Hypothesis The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the wave reflection causes changes for the waves properties and data- the major change is that- the reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- the gravitational wave moves by velocity (V), if this wave is reflected, it would move by velocity (V^2) after the reflection- The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system- two times in the outer planets and one time only in the inner planets- The Fourth Hypothesis The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time The rate of time use is useful because it enables to accumulate the planets motions energies during a period of time- understandable- Planet motion energy is small energy and the sun rays is massive energy and that necessitates to accumulate the planets motions energies total during a period of time to store motion energy sufficient to be used for the sun rays creation- Shortly- if the planets motions don't use rates of time, no massive motion energy can be provided and for that NO enough energy will be found to produce the sun rays-means- No light beam can be created The rate of time depends on the velocities rate Example (one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock) because Mercury velocity =1.6 the Earth velocity– the hypothesis is explained and proved in details

The Fifth Hypothesis Neptune Motion Causes Negative Effects On The Sun Rays Production Process are (1) Neptune motion caused the gravitational waves to be reflected two times in the outer planets where one reflection is enough for the required process- the wave reflection is repeated by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion (2) Neptune caused to decrease the gravitational wave speed by one percent- where the gravitational wave moves by speed of light Neptune caused to decrease this speed by 1% creating a speed = (99% of the speed of light=297000 km/s) and by this speed (0.99C) the relativistic effects are created in the solar system

NOTICE The solar system is one machine performs one Job- and this Job is The Sun Rays Production - All planets motions are used as parts to perform this one Job-

The Sun Rays Production Is Done By Two Basic Tasks (1st task) The Provision Of The Sufficient Energy For The Sun Rays Production- and the sufficient energy is prepared by the motions of the five planets (Saturn- Jupiter- Venus- The Earth- The Moon – and Mars) because these five planets motions are used to create the general rate of time based on which The Sun Rays Are Created. (discussed in details in the 3rd hypothesis)

(2nd task) The mechanism by which the light beam is created- and this mechanism is the relative motion- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space- by this relative motion the sun rays are created- means- the required energy is prepared and provided by the aforementioned five planets- and when the sufficient energy be provided this energy is sent to the planets which create the mechanism and the mechanism uses the sufficient energy to produce The Sun Rays The mechanism depends on the motions of 3 planets (Mercury- Venus and the moon) Specially Venus, because Venus reflects the wave toward Mars and defines its trajectory angle to create the relative motion between the wave and the sun point of space- the relative motion is discussed in details in the explanation of the (first and second hypotheses)  The Explanation Of The First And Second Hypotheses

Let's remember The 1st Hypothesis This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam – I suppose (The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Nuclear Fusion -Also All Stars Rays Are Created By This Method And No Rays Is Created By The Nuclear Fusion Process) And –The 2nd Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The two hypotheses explain how the sun rays creation depends on the planets motions because The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies as the article states AND The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- The two hypotheses are discussed together in 4 Points

First Point (The Gravitational Waves Source)

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- I provide 2 major proves for this hypothesis which are- (1st proof/ Planet Motion Energy Analysis) and (2nd proof /The Sun Gravitational Field Refutation)

1st Proof / Planet Motion Energy Analysis Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), Let's ask, where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit- Note- the moon velocity is 27.8 km/s BUT the Earth and the moon revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity should be considered equal the earth velocity relative to (the sun) – The 1st Proof Conclusion The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why? The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion that – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

2nd Proof / The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following (1) The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- (2) No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion- Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions. (3) The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon- (4) The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation) d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example- Venus orbital distance (108.2)2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3) d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance 50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition. Notice Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation) Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth- (5) Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the explanation of the 3rd hypothesis- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Proof Conclusion The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

Second Point (The Gravitational Waves Nature Analysis) Let's ask (1) If The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light While The Planets Move By Low Velocities? Or Generally– regardless the gravitational waves source- how can the gravitational waves move by speed of light? From where the energy is provided to enable the waves to move by the speed of light? (2) Can the gravitational waves be reflected in the solar system? what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties, features and nature? (3) Can the gravitational waves energy be increased? Means can one gravitational wave move by low velocity and this wave motion is accelerated to move by high velocity motion? again from what source the energy is provided and how the acceleration is done? (4) If the gravitational waves are produced by the same gravitational field (The physics book states "the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field") does that mean all gravitational waves move by equal velocities? can some waves move faster than the others? why and how? (5) If the planets data are reflected on each other – can we discover the geometrical reason behind this features? Planet velocity is example where the velocities are defined by the rule (v1v2= constant) this rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- why the velocities are reflected on each other? what's the geometrical reason behind? suppose the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system, why this cause the planets data to be reflected on each other?

(6) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Because the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light) but the waves moves by speed of light only (C=300000 km/s) how the value (C^2) can be produced by the waves motions? (7) If the gravitational waves produce a light beam, does that mean the waves use electric field to produce this light beam? Is there another method to produce a light beam doesn't use electric field or charges? (8) If the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system can we discover that? can we prove that? and can we know in what planet orbit the reflection is done and if the waves are reflected many times?

The Gravitational Waves Properties, Features and nature Here I compare between the two theories about the gravitational waves source and their effects on the waves properties- 1st Theory (The Physics Book Theory) The physics book states, the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory tells little about the gravitational waves properties and nature because the mass gravity concept is puzzled and not understood for that the waves properties and features are puzzled also- let's test this idea- In The Sun gravitational field theory no one knows how the mass gravity force works and if the gravity needs time to work- or if the gravity creates a geometrical design to practice the effect of one mass on the other- the mechanism is not clear and for that the gravitational waves are not clear- for example – no one knows why the gravitational waves can move by speed of light or what waves move by this speed and in what planet orbit or if the wave motion velocity is accelerated gradually from low velocity to high velocity– we shortly know nothing about these gravitational waves- let's ask more questions- are these waves reflected and what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties and nature- where do these waves go? And what's the useful result of these waves energy? can these waves energy be used at all? are there just moving energy in space without an useful goal or result? And The new article tells the gravitational waves move by speed of light can produce a light beam? How these waves can produce a light beam by their motion? DEEP ANALYSIS I wish the respectful reader notices the major change in vision by this article-because- the physics book states the sun rays is produced by the sun nuclear fusion- here- the source of energy is the sun mass and the used method is the sun nuclear fusion- and the light beam is produced Let's put the new article here again This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- the light beam is created by the gravitational waves motions- the article tells- the light beam can be produced by the Motion Energy – The article tells (The High Velocity Motion Can Produce A Light Beam)- here the article removed simply The Sun Nuclear Fusion Machine- the whole machine be useless because the light beam can be produced by (the motion energy)- I wish the respectful reader sees the miracle and wonder behind- There are 2 major changes (1st Change) The source of energy The source of energy is the motion energy– No longer the sun mass be used as the sun rays source of energy- BUT – the motion energy is used as the source of energy – here- the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory is seen clearly – because- the solar system is so rich in motion energy- the moving planets since thousands of years provide massive motion energy stored in the space- and by that- the solar system is very rich system in the motion energy- and we should ask (why do we need an outer source of energy?) why the solar system doesn't use its massive motion energy to produce the light beam? Also if the massive motion energy is not used- where's this massive energy? because it can cause continuous risk for the soalr system stability if no way to use this stored massive energy The sun nuclear fusion theory is completely wrong because it doesn't see the massive motion energy stored in the solar system (2nd Change) the light beam production machine The gravitational waves motions can produce the light beam- this is stated by the article but how? by what method the gravitational waves can produce the light beam? The article doesn't explain how the gravitational waves can produce a light beam? But I put an explanation for this method in my theory discussion

2nd Theory (My Theory) I suppose the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- let's remember my theory because we will use it in the waves properties discussion I asked –where any moving body produce energy by its motion =(1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? The planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as fish swimming creates waves in the water planet motion energy creates waves in the space- means planet moves and creates waves in space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity by that- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in the space and creates waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions create waves move by these planets velocities – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total

I explained this theory before in more details- now – let's discover the gravitational waves properties and features in details- let's put this analysis in the next point (third point) because we need to analyze the wave reflection process to discover the waves properties and features

Third Point (The Gravitational Waves Reflection)

Let's ask Question No.(1) If the gravitational waves move by velocity 205.8 km/s, how can they move by speed of light? How the velocity 205.8 km/s can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light) and where this acceleration is done? Another question can help greatly this discussion Question No.(2) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light (C=300000 Km/S)- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Let's think how to answer this question- these gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- means- the wave velocity is squared- and how can the wave velocity to be squared? This feature I have discovered in the solar system- the waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocities- means- the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the gravitational waves before the reflection moved by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the reflection causes the velocity to be squared- by that- after the reflection the gravitational waves speed is squared and changed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to be (C^2= squared speed of light) and the light beam is created from this value (C^2) Means- the waves reflection is the method by which the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is changed into (C^2)- that means- without the waves reflection NO light beam can be created. Notice– the waves reflection is proved strongly in the solar system because it causes to reflect the planets data- means- huge amount of planets data proves the waves reflection–we may remember one example – planet velocity is defined by the rule (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on each other The paper provides hundreds of similar data proves the waves reflection AND The waves reflection causes to square the velocity- this feature is repeated in the solar system frequently – because- the waves are reflected three times in the solar system for that the velocity squaring is a feature repeated with each reflection and by that the planets data provides a strong proof for it- Shortly- The waves reflection causes to square the velocities- now- let's use this feature to know how the unified wave its velocity (205.8 km/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- (Please note this unified wave is the gravitational wave)

The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s Means the unified wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s BUT If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1 Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1 BUT The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) NOTICE No. (1) Please note the important observation Without 7.1 the velocity will be only 42683 km/s (even after the waves reflection) and NOT the speed of light That tells- the light beam production process depends on the previous light beam production process- means- a motion by (99%) of speed of light should be found before the wave reflection occurrence and without this motion with (0.99 C) the gravitational waves can't move by speed of light because we need a source for Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) That tells the light production process is done in chain process, the new light beam production depends on the old light beam and if this dependency is removed the gravitational waves can NOT move by the speed of light and No light beam can be created in this case NOTICE No. (2) We need to pay more attention for the importance of the motion by the speed of light- because the technique of the machine depends on the waves reflection- means- the waves can increase its velocity only by the reflection process – now the reflection causes to square the velocities- this is very important news why?? Because - If the waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s), the waves reflection will produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam can be produced Now – suppose the wave velocity is less than speed of light- suppose the wave moves by speed = (90%) of the speed of light= (270000 km/s) - the waves reflection will square this speed that will produce (0.81 C^2) which is NOT (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result No Light Beam Can Be Produced (CONT) Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292 Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow

Curriculum Vitae https://www.academia.edu/s/b88b0ecb7c E-mail mrwaheid@gmail.com, mrwaheid1@yahoo.com gergesgerges@yandex.ru ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/gergis.tawadrous VK https://vk.com/id696655587 Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/blog/itsgerges Researcherid https://publons.com/researcher/3510834/gerges-tawadrous/ Google https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2Y4ZdTUAAAAJ&hl=en Livejournal https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile Pocket https://getpocket.com/@646g8dZ0p3aX5Ad1bsTr4d9THjA5p6a5b2fX99zd54g221E4bs76eBdtf6aJw5d0?src=navbar

PUBLICATIONS box https://app.box.com/s/47fwd0gshir636xt0i3wpso8lvvl8vnv Academia https://rudn.academia.edu/GergesTawadrous List of publications http://vixra.org/author/gerges_francis_tawdrous Slideshare https://www.slideshare.net/Gergesfrancis

[nasa]

Astronomers used three of NASA's Great Observatories to capture this multiwavelength image showing galaxy cluster IDCS J1426.5+3508. It includes X-rays recorded by the Chandra X-ray Observatory in blue, visible light observed by the Hubble Space Telescope in green, and infrared light from the Spitzer Space Telescope in red. This rare galaxy cluster has important implications for understanding how these megastructures formed and evolved early in the universe.

How Astronomers Time Travel

Let’s add another item to your travel bucket list: the early universe! You don’t need the type of time machine you see in sci-fi movies, and you don’t have to worry about getting trapped in the past. You don’t even need to leave the comfort of your home! All you need is a powerful space-based telescope.

But let’s start small and work our way up to the farthest reaches of space. We’ll explain how it all works along the way.

This animation illustrates how fast light travels between Earth and the Moon. The farther light has to travel, the more noticeable its speed limit becomes.

The speed of light is superfast, but it isn’t infinite. It travels at about 186,000 miles (300 million meters) per second. That means that it takes time for the light from any object to reach our eyes. The farther it is, the more time it takes.

You can see nearby things basically in real time because the light travel time isn’t long enough to make a difference. Even if an object is 100 miles (161 kilometers) away, it takes just 0.0005 seconds for light to travel that far. But on astronomical scales, the effects become noticeable.

This infographic shows how long it takes light to travel to different planets in our solar system.

Within our solar system, light’s speed limit means it can take a while to communicate back and forth between spacecraft and ground stations on Earth. We see the Moon, Sun, and planets as they were slightly in the past, but it's not usually far enough back to be scientifically interesting.

As we peer farther out into our galaxy, we use light-years to talk about distances. Smaller units like miles or kilometers would be too overwhelming and we’d lose a sense of their meaning. One light-year – the distance light travels in a year – is nearly 6 trillion miles (9.5 trillion kilometers). And that’s just a tiny baby step into the cosmos.

The Sun’s closest neighboring star, Proxima Centauri, is 4.2 light-years away. That means we see it as it was about four years ago. Betelgeuse, a more distant (and more volatile) stellar neighbor, is around 700 light-years away. Because of light’s lag time, astronomers don’t know for sure whether this supergiant star is still there! It may have already blasted itself apart in a supernova explosion – but it probably has another 10,000 years or more to go.

What looks much like craggy mountains on a moonlit evening is actually the edge of a nearby, young, star-forming region NGC 3324 in the Carina Nebula. Captured in infrared light by the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, this image reveals previously obscured areas of star birth.

The Carina Nebula clocks in at 7,500 light-years away, which means the light we receive from it today began its journey about 3,000 years before the pyramids of Giza in Egypt were built! Many new stars there have undoubtedly been born by now, but their light may not reach Earth for thousands of years.

An artist’s concept of our Milky Way galaxy, with rough locations for the Sun and Carina nebula marked.

If we zoom way out, you can see that 7,500 light-years away is still pretty much within our neighborhood. Let’s look further back in time…

This stunning image by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope features the spiral galaxy NGC 5643. Looking this good isn’t easy; 30 different exposures, for a total of nine hours of observation time, together with Hubble’s high resolution and clarity, were needed to produce an image of such exquisite detail and beauty.

Peering outside our Milky Way galaxy transports us much further into the past. The Andromeda galaxy, our nearest large galactic neighbor, is about 2.5 million light-years away. And that’s still pretty close, as far as the universe goes. The image above shows the spiral galaxy NGC 5643, which is about 60 million light-years away! That means we see it as it was about 60 million years ago.

As telescopes look deeper into the universe, they capture snapshots in time from different cosmic eras. Astronomers can stitch those snapshots together to unravel things like galaxy evolution. The closest ones are more mature; we see them nearly as they truly are in the present day because their light doesn’t have to travel as far to reach us. We can’t rewind those galaxies (or our own), but we can get clues about how they likely developed. Looking at galaxies that are farther and farther away means seeing these star cities in ever earlier stages of development.

The farthest galaxies we can see are both old and young. They’re billions of years old now, and the light we receive from them is ancient since it took so long to traverse the cosmos. But since their light was emitted when the galaxies were young, it gives us a view of their infancy.

This animation is an artist’s concept of the big bang, with representations of the early universe and its expansion.

Comparing how fast objects at different distances are moving away opened up the biggest mystery in modern astronomy: cosmic acceleration. The universe was already expanding as a result of the big bang, but astronomers expected it to slow down over time. Instead, it’s speeding up!

The universe’s expansion makes it tricky to talk about the distances of the farthest objects. We often use lookback time, which is the amount of time it took for an object’s light to reach us. That’s simpler than using a literal distance, because an object that was 10 billion light-years away when it emitted the light we received from it would actually be more than 16 billion light-years away right now, due to the expansion of space. We can even see objects that are presently over 30 billion light-years from Earth, even though the universe is only about 14 billion years old.

This James Webb Space Telescope image shines with the light from galaxies that are more than 13.4 billion years old, dating back to less than 400 million years after the big bang.

Our James Webb Space Telescope has helped us time travel back more than 13.4 billion years, to when the universe was less than 400 million years old. When our Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope launches in a few years, astronomers will pair its vast view of space with Webb’s zooming capabilities to study the early universe in better ways than ever before. And don’t worry – these telescopes will make plenty of pit stops along the way at other exciting cosmic destinations across space and time.

Learn more about the exciting science Roman will investigate on X and Facebook.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

[spacenutspod]

Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S03E240 Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your ultimate source for the latest in space exploration and astronomical wonders. I'm your host, Anna, and today we're diving into a festive episode as we explore how astronauts celebrate holidays in space and uncover some astounding cosmic discoveries. Highlights: - Holiday Traditions in Space: Journey through time from the Apollo 8 crew's historic Christmas broadcast from lunar orbit to modern-day celebrations aboard the International Space Station. Discover how astronauts maintain holiday spirit, from makeshift trees to creative Hanukkah traditions, even in zero gravity. - Cosmic Water Reservoir Discovery: Learn about an extraordinary find near a distant quasar, revealing a water reservoir vast enough to fill Earth's oceans 140 trillion times, offering insights into the early universe's composition. - Lunar Dust Challenges: Delve into NASA's ongoing battle with lunar dust as they prepare for the Artemis missions. Explore innovative solutions like the Clothbot and electrostatic experiments crucial for future lunar exploration. - James Webb's Chiron Discovery: Discover the unique characteristics of Chiron, a centaur with comet-like activity and a mix of ices and gases, as observed by the James Webb Space Telescope. - December's Launch Schedule: Get updates on a bustling month of space launches, including SpaceX's ambitious Starlink missions, Russia's historic Soyuz launch, and India's private sector breakthrough with the Spadex mission. - Tracking Santa from Space: Delight in the heartwarming tradition of NORAD's Santa tracking, a festive blend of aerospace technology and holiday magic, tracing its origins to a simple wrong number. For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Sign up for our free Daily newsletter to stay informed on all things space. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, Tumblr, YouTubeMusic, and TikTok. Share your thoughts and connect with fellow space enthusiasts. Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe. Have a very happy Christmas wherever you are. 00:00 - In this episode we'll look at how astronauts celebrate Christmas far from Earth 01:07 - The tradition of celebrating holidays in space dates back to 1968 03:47 - December has been an exceptionally busy month for space launches with 24 attempted 05:59 - Astronomers have identified an enormous water reservoir 12 billion light years away 10:42 - The James Webb Space Telescope has made another groundbreaking discovery on Chiron 12:38 - NORAD helps children follow Santa's journey around the globe each Christmas Eve

[sciencespies]

2023 Space and Astronomy News: What to Expect

https://sciencespies.com/space/2023-space-and-astronomy-news-what-to-expect/

2023 Space and Astronomy News: What to Expect

As years in space and astronomy go, 2022 is going to be a tough act to follow.

NASA wowed us with cosmic scenes captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. The DART mission slammed an asteroid into a new orbit. Artemis I set humanity on a course back to the moon. China finished building a new space station in orbit. SpaceX launched 61 rockets in 12 months. And the invasion of Ukraine imperiled Russia’s status as a space power.

It’s a lot to measure up to, but 2023 is bound to have some excitement on the launchpad, the lunar surface and in the sky. Once again, you can get updates on your personal digital calendar by signing up for The New York Times’s Space and Astronomy Calendar. Here are some of the major events you can expect. Not all of them have certain dates yet, but Times journalists will provide additional information as it emerges. Learn more at nytimes.com/spacecalendar

New Rockets

NASA got its giant Space Launch System off the ground for the first time in 2022, lighting up the night in Florida with an incredible stream of flame as it carried the Artemis I mission toward the moon. That shifted attention to SpaceX, which is building a next generation rocket, Starship, that is also central to NASA’s crewed Artemis III moon landing attempt.

SpaceX cleared a key environmental review that would allow it to launch an uncrewed orbital test flight from South Texas if it met certain conditions. But the rocket wasn’t ready for flight in 2022. The company has not announced a date for a test this year, but regular ground tests of Starship equipment indicate it is working toward one.

The pathfinder first stage of the Vulcan Centaur, a new rocket by United Launch Alliance that will eventually replace that company’s Atlas V.United Launch Alliance

Numerous other rockets may take flight for the first time in 2023. The most important, Vulcan Centaur by United Launch Alliance, will eventually replace that company’s Atlas V, a vehicle that has been central to American spaceflight for two decades. The Vulcan relies on the BE-4 engine built by Blue Origin, the rocket company founded by Jeff Bezos. The same engine will in turn be used in Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket, which may have a test flight late this year.

A number of American private companies are expected to test new rockets in 2023, including Relativity and ABL. They could be joined by foreign rocket makers, including Mitsubishi Heavy Industries which could test Japan’s H3 rocket in February, and Arianespace, which is working toward a test flight of Europe’s Ariane 6 rocket.

New Lunar Landings

We’re guaranteed at least one lunar landing attempt in 2023. A Japanese company, Ispace, launched its M1 mission on a SpaceX rocket in December. It’s taking a slow, fuel-efficient route to the moon and is set to arrive in April, when it will try to deploy a rover built by the United Arab Emirates, a robot built by Japan’s space agency, JAXA, as well as other payloads.

There could be as many as five more lunar landing attempts this year.

NASA has hired a pair of private companies to carry payloads to the lunar surface. Both of them, Intuitive Machines of Houston and Astrobotic Technology of Pittsburgh, faced delays in 2022, but may make the trip in the coming months.

They could be joined by three government space programs’ lunar missions. India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission was delayed last year but could be ready in 2023. A Japanese mission, Smart Lander for Investigating Moon, or SLIM, aims to test the country’s lunar landing technologies. Finally, Russia’s Luna-25 mission was postponed from last September, but Roscosmos, the Russian space agency, may try this year.

New Space Telescopes

Scientists in 2019 at work with the European Space Agency’s Euclid spacecraft, which will study energy and dark matter. Its 2022 launch was postponed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.S. Corvaja/European Space Agency

The Webb telescope wowed space enthusiasts and scientists with its views of the cosmos, but we may get new vantages from a variety of orbital observatories.

The most significant may be Xuntian, a Chinese mission setting off later in the year that will be like a more sophisticated version of the Hubble Space Telescope. The spacecraft will survey the universe at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths in an orbit around Earth close to the country’s Tiangong space station.

A Japanese-led mission, XRISM, pronounced chrism, could launch earlier in the year as well. The mission will use X-ray spectroscopy to study clouds of plasma, which could help to explain the universe’s composition. A European space telescope, Euclid, may also launch on a SpaceX rocket after the Russian invasion of Ukraine resulted in the spacecraft losing its seat on a Russian Soyuz rocket. It will study the universe’s dark energy and dark matter.

New Planetary Missions

A new spacecraft will head toward Jupiter this year, aiming to become the first to ever orbit another planet’s moon. The European Space Agency’s Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer, or JUICE, will launch from an Ariane 5 rocket as early as April 5 to set off to the Jovian system, arriving in 2031. Once it reaches the gas giant, it will move to conduct 35 flybys of three of the giant world’s moons: Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, all of which are believed to have subsurface oceans. In 2034, JUICE will begin orbiting Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system.

Heading closer to the sun will be Rocket Lab, a small launch company that was founded in New Zealand. It aims to use its Electron rocket to send a mission to Venus. The company’s Photon satellite will try to deploy a small probe, built with Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers, that will briefly study the planet’s toxic atmosphere. The mission was planned for May, but it is expected to face delays while the company prioritizes missions for its other customers.

A Total Eclipse and a Not-So-Total One

There will be two solar eclipses in 2023.

A total eclipse on April 20 will be more of a Southern Hemisphere event, and the moon will only blot out the sun in remote parts of Australia and Indonesia. (Perhaps not a bad time to be on a boat in parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, too.)

But Americans may get a good show on Oct. 14, when North America will be visited by an annular eclipse. Eclipses of this type are sometimes called “ring of fire” eclipses because the moon is too far from Earth to fully block the sun but creates a ring-like effect when it reaches totality. The eclipse’s path runs through parts of Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas before dipping into Central and South America. Where the weather cooperates, it should be a great solar show and a nice lead up for the April 8, 2024 total eclipse that will cross the United States from southwest to northeast.

#Space

[apod]

2023 August 31

The Crew-7 Nebula Image Credit & Copyright: Michael Seeley

Explanation: Not the James Webb Space Telescope's latest view of a distant galactic nebula, this illuminated cloud of gas and dust dazzled early morning spacecoast skygazers on August 26. The snapshot was taken about 2 minutes after the launch of of a Falcon 9 rocket on the SpaceX Crew-7 mission, the seventh commercial crew rotation mission for the International Space Station. It captures drifting plumes and exhaust from the separated first and second stage illuminated against the still dark skies. Near the center of the image, within the ragged blueish ring, are two bright points of light. The lower one is the second stage of the rocket carrying 4 humans to space in a Crew Dragon spacecraft. The bright point above is the Falcon 9 first stage booster orienting itself for the trip back to Landing Zone-1 at Cape Canaveral, planet Earth.

∞ Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap230831.html