#Jagti Patt

[clearholidaysindia]

Jagtipatt (Jagti Patt) Temple Tourist Spot in Naggar, Himachal Pradesh

Jagtipatt (Jagti Patt) Temple in Naggar, Himachal Pradesh, is a captivating destination for anyone interested in exploring the rich heritage of India. Nestled within the grounds of the historic Naggar Castle, which has been transformed into a heritage hotel, this temple is celebrated for its unique architectural style and local legends. The temple’s design features a traditional Himachali structure with intricate carvings and wooden beams. The legend of the sacred stone slab, known as the "Jagatipatt," adds a mystical charm to the site. For those looking to explore offbeat places near Jagtipatt (Jagti Patt) Temple, this area offers several intriguing options.

Just a short distance from the temple, you can visit the charming Naggar Castle. This historic site, now a heritage hotel, provides stunning views of the surrounding valleys and mountains. The castle’s architecture and its transformation into a hotel offer a glimpse into the region's royal past. Another nearby attraction is the Nicholas Roerich Art Gallery and Museum, which showcases the works of the famous artist Nicholas Roerich and offers insight into his life and art. These spots, along with other places to visit near Jagtipatt (Jagti Patt) Temple, make for a rich cultural experience.

For nature lovers, the Rumsu Village is a delightful place to explore. Located not far from the temple, Rumsu is known for its serene environment and picturesque landscapes. This village offers a peaceful retreat and opportunities for leisurely walks among nature. Additionally, Chansari Village, a bit further away, provides a glimpse into traditional village life in Himachal Pradesh. Both Rumsu and Chansari are excellent choices for those looking to experience the natural beauty and local culture of the region.

[mytravelnama]

Prologue

“The castle is on the very edge of a terrible precipice. A stone falling from the window would fall a thousand feet without touching anything! As far as the eye can reach is a sea of green tree tops….” My trance of the horror was cut short by the doorbell and it was none other than the gate-keeper of our housing society with the water bill of the month. You must be all wondering what was I doing all the time? The quote was from the pages of Stoker’s masterpiece “Dracula” which I was literally gulping on this rainy afternoon…The mystery and horror of the castle once again run a spell of cold sweat in my body till my wife returned from her office.

Adieu Parvati Valley: Our journey from Kasol to Naggar

On the way to the Castle

We were on our 3 hour drive from Kasol to the Castle. You must be wondering which castle was I talking about and that too in Himachal Pradesh? It was obviously not Castle Dracula! But the inspiration was definitely there.

Route Map to Castle Naggar from Kullu (Courtesy: Google Maps)

I had been to Castle Naggar several times. But spending a day and night in a Royal Suite had hardly ever cropped in my mind. I was wondering what kind of experience would be there as a takeaway? It took almost one and half hour to reach Kullu with the Manali highway being in pathetic condition. After leaving Kullu instead of taking the Beas Bridge taking to the other bank of the river we took the Bijli Mahadev Marg also known as the Kullu-Naggar-Manali Road to our right. A few kilometers ahead the Beas was bifurcated by two streams flowing downstream and we continued our drive taking its right bank until we reached Seobagh. Leaving Seobagh led to our gradual climb. After another 20 mins drive we were right there in Naggar bazaar. We turned right again leaving the Manali road with a stiff climb. With few meters more climb….the gorgeous structure of the castle was already visible.

Welcome to Castle Naggar

Castle Naggar

The main gate of the Castle had a deserted appearance. Normally you see a pile of tourist cabs and groups of tourists buzzing around the corridor for car parking. It was understandable nobody expected to be on tour on a Bhaidhuj festival. The lone person in the ticket counter asked for entry tickets.

Destination Castle Naggar

When we showed our reservation papers, he led us to the reception. On this odd day the manager was obviously not on his desk. Feeling our presence he rushed in probably from the restaurant kitchen. After completing the check-in formalities a chauffeur took our luggage to our suite while we decided to explore the Castle.

????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????

My attention was right on the Castle Walls

Castle Naggar (Near the Reception Center)

While I thanked our cab driver, my attention shifted to the wooden billboard talking about the history of Castle Naggar. The Castle remained the seat of the Royal Dynasty of the Kullu Maharaja. Historians are of the opinion that probably the Castle was built by Raja Sidh Singh of Kullu in the year 1460. The majestic structure was probably built by bringing huge blocks of stones from Garhdhek of Baragarh across the river Beas. The main door of the castle was carved out of massive tree.

The courtyard near the reception

The architecture the of the castle remains uses the traditional “Kathkooni” housing style popular in the villages of Kullu. The splendor lied in the way how such huge stone walls and the roof structures were held together only by using gigantic wooden beams. The castle was used as a royal residence by the Kullu kings until the middle of 17th century. HPTDC took over the castle in the year 1978. On 19th August 2012 Castle Naggar was declared as a National Heritage property.

The “Jagti Patt” Temple, Castle Naggar

My son suddenly pulled my jacket and asked me what those three metal axes on the castle walls were for. Pointing out at the skull of a mountain goat, I explained him probably these were used for hunting, chopping off wood and protecting the people from intruders. It was going to be 12.30pm and we decided to have lunch and enjoy the majestic restaurant balconies in the first floor of the main building.

Trout Dishes for Good Health

Trout Curry & Steamed Rice

While moving in, I found a placard to our left talking highly of Trout meals which was one of the delicacies in the day’s menu. Being Bongs we were immediately mesmerized by the scent of freshly fried fish in mustard oil. We ordered steamed rice and trout curry for lunch. The galleries outside the dining hall were truly majestic.

The galleries outside the dining hall were truly majestic

Waiting for the lunch to be served

We decided to be there very soon after our lunch. The interior of the dining hall had lot of resemblance to old British Bungalows we had earlier seen in and around Himachal. Probably the British had a role play to bring about some major architectural renovations keeping the exterior traditional look intact. The furniture used in the dining room had a majestic Lutyen flavor still flagging the flamboyancy of the by-gone era. The dishes were about to be served. It was admirable that the management of HPTDC maintained strict professional standards for service, including the choice of crockery and the overall presentation of the dishes being served.

Trout Curry & Steamed Rice

I am not overrating myself. The fishes were indeed fresh and the taste of the dish was awesome. Later I got to know that trouts were not harvested from the Beas, rather they are bred artificially in a village Haripur (Haripur Nala) about 5.6 Km from Naggar on the Naggar-Manali road. The project was initiated by the Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research.

Well our wonderful trout moment was cut short with the arrival of the chauffeur informing that our suite was ready for use and the luggage had already been taken from the reception.

Breathtaking Valley View from “Her Highness Suite”, Castle Naggar

The Royal Suites of the Castle

After the acquisition of Castle Naggar, HPTDC ensured a thorough restoration of the historical monument and later it decided to open the same for public stay as a deluxe hotel. The royal suites facing the breathtaking Kullu valley could well be the experience of your lifetime. These include the Baragarh Forte Suite, Her Highness Suite, Fozal Peak Suite, His Highness Suite and the Royal Suite. The Green Field Suite and the River View Suites also provide spectacular view of the entire valley. The other popular suites include the court yard suites (near the dining hall), Village view, orchard view, Trapogan, Devika, Tripura, Chanderkhani, Monal, Forest View and the Castle View Suites. The assistant manager informed us that we had been allotted to stay at the “Her Highness Suite” located at the Northern Complex of the Castle.

Kullu Valley View, Castle Naggar

We crossed the small courtyard to enter the mansion housing the “Her Highness Suite”. To our left was the historical “Jagti Patt” temple popularly known as the “Judgement Seat of the Kullu Gods”. As it 1.10 pm the deity was closed for visitors. Offering prayers, we proceeded through a mighty hall similar to the lower floor of the dining hall on the other side of the Castle Mansion leading us to a wooden gallery with the full valley view lying to the North. A wooden stair case went down to the Kings’ Royal suite and the Castle museum. We followed the left gallery and turned the bend again to the left with the most exquisite, breathtaking view we had in the entire day. The snow clad mountains and the lush green valley gorged by the river Beas lay wide open right in front of us. A hawk was gliding on the distant blue sky. There was a lovely cacophony of wild birds from the jungles lying right below the Castle gallery. The wind hard a sharp chill probably it was bathed by the fresh snows of the magnificent towering peaks that lay ahead. This was heaven indeed! A view past compare anything even what we had enjoyed during our trek tours at Kasol.

Naggar Town & Kullu Valley View, Castle Naggar

Our suite was right behind the wooden gallery where we were standing. We had reached the Royal “Her Highness” suite. We thanked our chauffeur and found the surprisingly large bed room to be meticulously well maintained. This was luxury at our disposal.

In front of our suite 

The crockery was new on the service table. The curtains were fresh and the room had a sweet scent of polished wood which was everywhere including the huge cupboards, almirah, the sofas and the beam structures on the ceiling. With belly full of lunch we strongly resisted the desire to lay down for a sleep for an hour or so and decided to explore in and around the castle, which we later agreed was the right decision. While locking our suite, we found that we were the only boarder in this side of the castle. The other two suites lying on the other end of the wooden gallery were locked.

The Royal Balcony, Castle Naggar

The Castle Courtyard

Crossing the temple courtyard we entered the dining hall complex and entered the spacious courtyard surrounded by the magnificent mansions of the castle and the beautiful wooden galleries.

The Castle Courtyard

The wood work was so exquisite and delicate. And the sweetness of polished wood work had a mesmerizing aura. To our right we had a similar valley view like that in front of out suite.

The Central Courtyard, Castle Naggar

View of the Central Courtyard from the Dinning Hall

Exquisite wood word in the Royal Courtyard

Exploring the village beside near Castle Naggar

Exploring outside

It was going to be 2 o’clock. We decided to explore the outside whereabouts of the Castle and took the tiny paved road lying at the North-east side of the castle taking us down towards a small village.

Exploring the Village near Castle Naggar

The village by its very sight had an aura of the bygone era. The old mansions had the traditional “Kathkooni” housing style of architecture similar to what we had seen in the castle. After crossing the snow view lodge we took paved road ended and we took a hilly trail to reach the famous Tripura Sundri Temple.

“Kathkooni” housing style of architecture

Entrance of the Tripura Sundri Temple, Naggar

The Tripura Sundri Temple

We were mesmerized by another architectural splendor that lay ahead us in the form of the Tripura Sundri Temple. The ancient temple which was probably built in the 11th century had a majestic look that would fascinate you at its very sight. The centrally placed temple housed the deities of Lord Vishnu, Gauri Shankar and Sri Krishna.

The Tripura Sundri Temple, Naggar

The conical roof was thatched with flat slabs of slate rock. The main structure was built by large blocks of stone work supported by polished wooden pillars housing meticulously carved traditional designs and statues of Hindu Gods and Goddesses. We joined the Pulag Marg and ascended towards the Roerich Art Gallery.

Tripura Sundri Temple, Naggar

Well it would be fair to share the story of the Roerick Art Gallery in another article. It was 6 o’clock and we were trekking down the Pulag Marg back to Castle Naggar.

A Random Click at the Pulag Marg

A random click of the Valley View from the Pulag Marg

The street lights were on and so were the lights from the adjoining houses beside the Pulag Marg. When we reached Castle Naggar it was almost dark and after a long trek we were hungry like anything. We ordered hot cappuccino and onion pakora.

Evening at Castle Naggar

Evening at the Central Courtyard, Castle Naggar

We were seated in the courtyard facing the Kullu valley. The darkness was getting deeper. Yet the orange tinges from the western sky made the evening so adorable. Surprisingly the chill in the wind was gone. Perhaps it was getting ready to have its spell for the night.

The day coming to an end at Castle Naggar

Night in the Castle

The Castle now had a deserted look. The long galleries began to have mighty shadows!! The sudden shallow murmurs of the wind whispered the aura of an untold ancient mystery. Perhaps guessing our emotions the hotel manager who nearby, assured us “Sir yaha pe dariye maat. Even during the season time, when the daily visitors leave, the castle adored this deserted look!!” He was convinced perhaps we were not assured.

Shadows looming in the wooden galleries: Evening in Castle Naggar

We moved to the dining hall upstairs and found that the preparations for dinner were on. A couple of gentlemen were seated with hot coffee on the other table and were discussing business matters. Probably they were local business men. The LED TV was on airing a Hindi New Channel. We hardly had any attention towards what was going on in the TV. Our 12 year old son had probably got some clues from our emotions. He asked me “Pappa are we going to meet Count Dracula in this Castle”. I knew this question was definitely on the cards from his end which led us to a burst of laughter from our end. We ordered our dinner with Himachali Pulao, Matar Paneer, Dal and Chapathis.

That was the end of an eventful day starting with a memorable journey from Kasol to Naggar.

A New day unfolds at Castle Naggar

Morning in the Castle

The morning was more charming than the day. The cacophonies of the birds were at their loudest peak. The mist cover on the valley was disappearing slowly revealing its adorable charm. The event was touching.. it was just like a curtain raiser. Day light was all over the valley spreading its positivity defeating the gloomy dawn.

The mist cover on the valley was disappearing

We ordered our morning tea from the room service. Our son took out his drawing book and came out with an amazing sketch of the valley. I was obliging myself with all the shots that you are now enjoying in this article.

Waiting for the breakfast

We had our much needed breakfast at the dining hall gallery with stuffed paranthas and chutney. The morning newspaper and another round of tea never felt so refreshing.

Epilogue

Catching hold of time was the need of the day. And that hardly happened!! It was time to bid adieu to Naggar. Our cab for Manali was already booked yesterday evening.

The river Beas would keep on flowing with its youthful exuberance gorging the Kullu Valley. The far off snow clad mountains would soon cast their snowy spells in the winter. The birds would take shelter somewhere.

The lush green woods would soon be lost under snow. The clear blue skies would haunt many souls to breathe the fresh air nurturing the very existence of the aura of the valley.

Castle Naggar would stand strong like a worthy knight and witness countless dawns in the rapidly changing world, like what it had being doing selflessly since the past centuries. Dynasties would come, rule, fade away and hand over the baton of holding on the rich traditions and flavor of our bygone era. The Caslte would symbolize our country’s culture, rich folk heritage and continue to mesmerize tourists and travelers for ages to come.

All the Photographs (c) mytravelnama.com

The Castle Naggar can be booked on-line from: http://hptdc.in/index.php/the-naggar-castle/

You can reach Castle Naggar either from Kullu (23 KM) or Manali (22.8 KM) by Tourist Taxi

A Night in Castle Naggar Prologue “The castle is on the very edge of a terrible precipice. A stone falling from the window would fall a thousand feet without touching anything!

[avaidya08]

MANALI: A QUICK & HANDY TRAVEL ITINERARY

Manali, amidst the hilly slopes, is a paradise for mountain lovers with spell-binding views, charming streams, the fairy-tale-like fog surrounding little hidden cottages, and a lingering scent of pines and freshness. Oh, and you can ride a yak or ride your bike up the famous Rohtang pass to Leh, the valley of the gods.

Manali suits the needs of every kind of travel mindset. A family looking for some bonding time, a couple for some peace and quiet, solo travelers for some solitude or a group of friends seeking an adventure.Before we explore the itinerary, Let us get to know some basics about surroundings.

Weather in Manali

Average annual temperature: 4 °C -26 °CSummer temperature — 10 °C — 26 °C

Winter temperature —15 °C to 12 °CWhat to Pack

During Summer & Spring months — Summer Clothes + Essentials & for evenings light jacket or windcheaters

During winters —- heavy woolens, warmers

Plus trekking boots, sunscreen, a poncho, comfortable walking shoes & camera to freeze the memories.There are a whole lot of things to do in and around Manali. Here’s your ULTIMATE Manali travel guide to the hippie town in Himachal.

Day 1 & 2: Kullu Valley

Rightly hailed as the Valley of Gods, Kullu’s divine beauty has been beckoning travelers from all over the world. Adventurists have been traversing its forbidden slopes and romantics have been idealizing its tranquil landscape. For almost all reasons or no reason at all, Kullu has never evaded any true snow-lovers’ map.

Amazing Things to Do in Kullu-Manali – Kullu Valley

Here’s a list of some of the most sought after things to do in Kullu-Manali

1. Visit the Hot Springs at Manikaran: Just 1.5 hours away from Kullu, the fabled hot springs of Manikaran are a sight for sore eyes. Any experience of Kullu-Manali tourism is incomplete without a visit.

Attractions: Go to Manikaran Gurudwara, Naina Bhagwati Mandir, Kheerganga, and Parvati Valley.

Activities: Trekking, shopping, rafting, and going on food trails.

2. Spot Some Fauna at the Great Himalayan National Park: With 31 species of animals and 181 species of birds existing in undisturbed Himalayan habitat, the wildlife lover in you won’t be disappointed. Of all the attractions in the valley, this is among the more offbeat things to do in Kullu Manali.

Timings: Open 24 hours

Nearby Attractions: Go to Tirthan Valley, enjoy wildlife attractions (spot the snow leopard, blue sheep, Himalayan brown bear, Himalayan Thar).

Activities: Trekking, camping, bird-watching, trout-fishing

3. Trek to Kheerganga: Situated in the Parvati Valley, this is easily one of the most picturesque treks amidst the great mountains. The 11 km – the walk is rough but the view more than makes up for it.

Attractions: Walk along Parvati River, go to Manikaran Sahib, trek to Tosh, Malana, try delicious food at cafes, shop, enjoy rustic villages amidst picturesque landscapes, visit Parvati Kund (a natural hot spring).

Activities: Trekking, camping, nature photography

Best time to visit: May to June and October to September*TIP — Check out Places to Stay near the Kheerganga Trail

4. Explore History at Naggar Castle: The former capital of Kullu, Naggar is brimming with heritage in the form of temples, a castle, and an art gallery dedicated to a Russian artist who made Naggar his home.

Nearby attractions: International Roerich Memorial Trust, Urusvati Himalayan Research Institute, Jagti Patt Temple, Tripura Sundari Temple, Murlidhar Temple, Gauri Shankar Temple.

Day 3: Solang Valley

Solang, close to both Kullu and Manali, is a stop no true blood adrenaline-seeker can afford to miss this. You could either spend a night in Solang or use Kullu/ Manali as a base, to explore the energy and the snow-clad beauty of this valley. Whether you enjoy adventure or not, the terrains of Solang will inspire you to go out and face your fears.

Amazing Things to Do in Kullu Manali: Solang Valley

1. Go Paragliding: Watch the landscaped beauty of the valley and enjoy the thrill of sailing in the air.

2. Try Rock Climbing and Rappelling: Climb the untamed mountains of Solang and get a taste of raw adventure.

3. Go skiing: Embark on the ultimate Himalayan adventure down the slopes of Solang. A must-try of all the things to do in Kullu Manali.

Best time to go: If you’re going for adventure activities like paragliding visit in the summer (May to July) but if you want to enjoy skating or skiing go in December.

Day 4 & 5: Manali

Manali is easily India’s summer vacation capital. From backpackers to enthusiastic tourists, Manali entertains all kinds of travelers. It’s often used as a base by adventurers to trek the nearby valleys and mountains as well as indulge in some adventure sports. On the other hand, Manali is an equally delighting place for the quiet traveler as well, with its green valleys and the ever-magnificent Beas River.

Amazing Things to do in Manali

1. Drive Through the Rohtang Pass: Passing through wonderful views of the surrounding mountains, the drive will be the one you won’t forget. The pass is mostly closed in winter between October and May. Permits are required.

Activities: Mountain biking, snow scooter, sled ridge, ski ride, tire drop, and skiing.

Best time to visit: May to October

2. Go White-water Rafting in the Beas River: Feel the chilling glacial water hit against your skin as you wade your way through the scenic route of the river.

3. Spend some time at the Monasteries: Peek into the culture and also enjoy a day of serenity after the mad adventure. Popular monasteries are Gadhan Thekchoking Gompa, Himalayan Nyingamapa Gompa, and Manali Gompa. One of Kullu Manali Tourism’s most spiritually uplifting delights.

4. Visit the Hadimba Temple: The popular 15th-century temple is known for its architecture as well as the beautiful cedar forest that surrounds it.

Timings: 8 am to 6 pm all days of the week

Visit Duration: 1 to 2 hours

[naggar-cottages-blog]

Jagti Patt Temple Naggar (at Naggar Heritage Cottages) https://www.instagram.com/p/BxW8QqXhtP_/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1psopfxe3748o

[clearholidaysindia]

Gauri Shankar Temple Tourist Spot in Naggar, Himachal Pradesh

The Gauri Shankar Temple is a historic and beautiful site located in Naggar, Himachal Pradesh, India. This ancient temple, built in the 12th century, is renowned for its striking Shikhara-style architecture, which resembles a mountain peak. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, it stands out with its intricate carvings and serene atmosphere. The temple’s setting, right below the majestic Naggar Castle, offers visitors a peaceful retreat surrounded by lush greenery. For travelers exploring Himachal Pradesh, the Gauri Shankar Temple is a must-visit landmark, blending spiritual significance with stunning views.

When exploring the area, there are several places to visit near Gauri Shankar Temple that add to the charm of the trip. Just a short distance away, Naggar Castle, a historic fort turned heritage hotel, provides a fascinating glimpse into the region's history and offers panoramic views of the Kullu Valley. Another nearby attraction is the Jagtipatt (Jagti Patt) Temple, known for its unique legends and beautiful wooden architecture. If you are interested in discovering offbeat places near Gauri Shankar Temple, you can visit the picturesque villages of Rumsu and Chansari. These charming spots provide a more tranquil experience away from the usual tourist trails.

For those looking to immerse themselves in local culture, the Nicholas Roerich Art Gallery and Museum is also close by. This gallery showcases the work of the famous artist Nicholas Roerich, adding a cultural and artistic dimension to your visit. The combination of these attractions makes the area around the Gauri Shankar Temple an enriching experience for any traveler. Whether you're interested in history, art, or simply enjoying beautiful landscapes, this region offers something special for everyone.

[clearholidaysindia]

Murlidhar Krishna Temple Tourist Spot in Naggar, Himachal Pradesh

The Murlidhar Krishna Temple in Naggar, Himachal Pradesh, is a hidden gem for those exploring this beautiful region of India. This ancient temple, dedicated to Radha and Krishna, is known for its stunning wooden architecture, crafted in the traditional Shikara style. Visitors are drawn to its intricate carvings and serene atmosphere. If you’re looking for offbeat places near Murlidhar Krishna Temple, this temple is definitely worth a visit. Its location in Thaava, with its scenic surroundings and historical charm, makes it a unique destination.

Nearby, there are several other interesting places to visit near Murlidhar Krishna Temple. Just a short distance away is the Gauri Shankar Temple, known for its beautiful architecture and peaceful ambiance. It offers visitors a glimpse into the local religious traditions and adds to the cultural experience. Another must-see is the International Roerich Memorial Trust, which showcases the art and legacy of the famous painter Nicholas Roerich. This site provides insight into the region's artistic heritage and offers a different perspective on the area's cultural richness.

For those interested in exploring more of the area, Jagtipatt (Jagti Patt) Temple is another fascinating spot. Located not far from Murlidhar Krishna Temple, it features unique architectural elements and a tranquil setting. Together with the nearby attractions, these sites make for a well-rounded visit to Naggar. Whether you are interested in historical temples or cultural sites, the places to visit near Murlidhar Krishna Temple offer a variety of experiences for every traveler.

[clearholidaysindia]

Tripura Sundari Temple Tourist Spot in Naggar, Himachal Pradesh

Tripura Sundari Temple in Naggar, Himachal Pradesh, is a renowned religious site known for its stunning deodar wood architecture and beautiful pagoda-style design. This temple is not only a spiritual center but also a significant tourist attraction due to its intricate carvings and serene ambiance. Nestled in the heart of the Kullu Valley, it offers visitors a glimpse into the region's rich cultural heritage. Many travelers are drawn to this Offbeat places near Tripura Sundari Temple, as it provides a unique blend of spirituality and natural beauty.

When visiting the Tripura Sundari Temple, there are several other places to visit near Tripura Sundari Temple that enhance the travel experience. One such place is the Gauri Shankar Temple, located just 700 meters away. This temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, features impressive stone architecture and offers a peaceful environment for worship and reflection. Another must-visit site is the International Roerich Memorial Trust, situated 1.4 km from the temple. This memorial is dedicated to the renowned Russian artist Nicholas Roerich and showcases his artwork along with stunning views of the surrounding mountains.

Additionally, Jagtipatt (Jagti Patt) Temple, located 800 meters from Tripura Sundari Temple, is another fascinating spot. This ancient temple is known for its unique architectural style and historical significance. Visitors can explore the intricate carvings and learn about the temple's rich history while enjoying the tranquil surroundings. These places to visit near Tripura Sundari Temple offer a variety of experiences, from spiritual journeys to cultural explorations, making Naggar a captivating destination for travelers.