#InfectiousDisease

[teachingrounds]

Q. How long should an outpatient be treated with antibiotics for bacterial community acquired pneumonia?

a. 3 days

b. 5 days

c. 7 days

d. 10 days

e. 14 days

A. Most patients require 5 days of therapy; 3 days is appropriate if they are stable and have been afebrile for at least 48 hours. It may be appropriate to prolong the course by 3-5 days if symptoms recur shortly after cessation.

Image of amoxicillin-clavulanate by Sage Ross, WikiCommons.

[ecoplanetfarm]

The link between deforestation and the spread of infectious diseases: Deforestation and the spread of infectious diseases have been connected in a multitude of ways, with both of these issues having a major impact on human health. Deforestation can increase contact between humans and wildlife, which may increase the risk of disease transmission by way of zoonotic agents (viruses or bacteria that can spread from animals to humans). Deforestation also contributes directly to environmental degradation, leading to stagnated water resources, soil erosion, and air pollution; all of which can contribute to an increased risk for disease transmission. Donate a forest and save the planet. We build and manage forests for you on turnkey. Visit us or contact us. #health #conservation #education #healthcare #environmental #publichealth #forest #infectiousdisease #covid #deforestation #buildforest #donateforest #Forest (at ecoplanetfarm) https://www.instagram.com/p/CmxkRr6Kwyt/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[market-insider]

Lyme Disease Testing Market Trends and Analysis: Comprehensive Overview of Market Size, Share, Growth

The global lyme disease testing market size is anticipated to reach USD 18.57 billion by 2030 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.2% from 2024 to 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The primary factors driving this market are the increasing prevalence, supportive government policies regarding healthcare facilities, and the introduction of new diagnostic tests for Lyme disease. In addition, the growing incidence of tick-borne diseases further expands the global market. For instance, in August 2022, the U.S. Fair Health Organization reported that Lyme disease has significantly increased in prevalence over the past 15 years, becoming a growing national concern.

Lyme Disease Testing Market Report Highlights

Based on technology, the other segment led the market with the largest revenue share of 88.6% in 2023. The widespread adoption of these tests, considered the gold standard for testing due to their high specificity and sensitivity, significantly contributed to the growth of this segment

Based on testing, the serological test segment led the market with the largest revenue share of 53.1% in 2023. These tests dominated the market as they are widely available, affordable, established, and reliable in detecting antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi. This makes them a trusted and accessible option for healthcare providers and patients

Based on sample, the blood segment led the market with the largest revenue share of 62.4% in 2023. This is due to the blood tests, such as ELISA and Western blot, which can effectively detect antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria causing Lyme disease. Blood samples are also easy to obtain and handle, making them a practical choice for widespread diagnostic use

Based on end use, the hospital segment led the market with the largest revenue share of 58.4% in 2023. Firstly, hospitals can access advanced technology and diagnostic tools, enabling accurate & timely testing. The high hospital patient volume, including those with complex and severe symptoms, necessitates reliable diagnostic services, further driving their market dominance

In January 2024, DiaSorin announced that it submitted the LIAISON LymeDetect test to the U.S. FDA in December 2023. Developed in partnership with QIAGEN, this test detects IgG, IgM, and T-cell mediated responses using QIAGEN’s proprietary QuantiFERON technology, an Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). This novel solution will enhance DiaSorin's LIAISON immunodiagnostic offerings in the U.S. market, representing a significant milestone in its collaboration with QIAGEN

For More Details or Sample Copy please visit link @: Lyme Disease Testing Market Report

Growing government initiatives and preventive measures significantly drive the market growth. For instance, in July 2022, an article titled "New laws seek to boost funding of Lyme disease research" highlighted that New York officials have increased funding for Lyme disease and tick-borne illnesses through a new law signed by Governor Kathy Hochul. This bipartisan measure will establish a voluntary tax check-off box to support education, research, and prevention efforts related to the disease in the region. Despite the high incidence of Lyme and tick-borne illnesses, it is believed that the actual number of cases is much higher due to inaccurate diagnostic testing.

Heightened awareness and education are further propelling market growth. Public health campaigns to educate communities about prevention strategies and symptoms have become increasingly prevalent. This growing awareness leads to more individuals seeking medical attention when they exhibit symptoms consistent with the disease, thereby driving demand for reliable testing options. Furthermore, educational initiatives targeting healthcare professionals ensure they remain informed about best practices for diagnosis and treatment.

List of major companies in the Lyme Disease Testing Market

DiaSorin S.p.A

BIOMÉRIEUX

Oxford Immunotec

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.

Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.

T2 Biosystems

IGeneX

Gold Standard Diagnostics

ZEUS Scientific

Trinity Biotech

For Customized reports or Special Pricing please visit @: Lyme Disease Testing Market Analysis Report

We have segmented global lyme disease testing market report based on technology, testing, sample, end-use, and region.

[gsuniversityofficial]

What is Mpox & Its Symptoms?

Mpox (previously called monkeypox) is a rare infectious disease caused by a virus related to smallpox. Symptoms usually appear 3–17 days after exposure to the virus.

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[orthotv]

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[jalmedical]

Infectious disease rapid screening tests are a valuable tool for healthcare professionals to swiftly identify specific infectious diseases such as the flu or strep throat. These innovative tests work by detecting proteins or antibodies in a small sample of blood, saliva, or nasal secretions. The best part? They are incredibly fast and simple to use, delivering results in just minutes compared to the days required for traditional lab tests. This rapid turnaround not only expedites diagnosis but also plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of infection by enabling prompt treatment. For detailed information visit -

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[nursingucgconference]

Submit your abstract, presentation, research work, case studies. The 14th International Healthcare, Hospital Management, Nursing, and Patient Safety Conference is accepting submissions for oral presentations, poster sessions, and workshops. Join us from July 25-27, 2024 in Dubai, UAE. Submit here: https://nursing-healthcare.universeconferences.com/submit-abstract/

[leonys1713]

The Tragic Story of Laura Barajas: A Life Altered by Infected Tilapia

[healthcare2025]

Track 23: Epidemiology Call for Abstract: Joining the conference will help you improve your presentation, research expertise, and communication skills. Submit your Abstract at the CME/CPD accredited 15th American Healthcare, Hospital Management, Nursing, and Patient Safety Summit from May 14-16, 2025 in San Francisco, USA. Submit your abstract/Paper here: https://health.universeconferences.com/epidemiology/ WhatsApp us: https://wa.me/442033222718?text= #Epidemiology #PublicHealth #Research #DiseaseControl #OutbreakInvestigation #HealthStatistics #GlobalHealth #InfectiousDisease #HealthResearch #Epidemiologist #DataAnalysis #HealthPolicy #EpidemiologyResearch #HealthSurveillance #medicalcare #medical

[udo0stories]

A low-vaccination-rate elementary school in the Fort Lauderdale area has been linked to a cluster of measles cases, which prompted Florida health officials to launch an investigation on Sunday. Given the country's declining vaccination rates, experts predict that this situation will only get worse. A student at Manatee Bay Elementary School in the city of Weston has been confirmed to have the measles, according to a report released by Broward County Public Schools on Friday. According to a local CBS affiliate, the case involved a third-grader who had not gone on any recent vacations. The current reported total of four cases at the same school is increased to three after the school system announced on Saturday that three more cases had been reported. The Florida Department of Health in Broward County, also known as DOH-Broward, issued a health advisory regarding the cases on Sunday and declared it would launch an investigation to identify contacts who might be infected. There might be more than a hundred kids at risk at Manatee Bay Elementary School. In the 2023–2024 school year, only 89.31 percent of students at Manatee Bay Elementary School were fully immunized, which is significantly lower than the target vaccination coverage of 95 percent, according to a Broward County vaccine study that was covered by the local CBS outlet. With 1,067 students enrolled at the school right now, it is possible that, depending on their immunization history, up to 114 of them are susceptible to the infection. Among the viruses that are most contagious is the measles. Through airborne and respiratory transmission, it spreads. After an infected person leaves an area, the virus can remain in the atmosphere for up to two hours. Individuals who lack immunity or have impaired immune systems are vulnerable, and as much as 90% of those at risk who come into contact with the virus will contract it. Measles can incubate for up to 21 days, but symptoms usually appear eight to fourteen days after exposure. Before the characteristic rash appears, there are other symptoms that include a high fever, runny nose, red and watery eyes, and cough. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that an infected person can spread the infection four days prior to the rash developing and four days following the appearance of the rash. According to the CDC, 1 in 5 unvaccinated cases of measles result in hospitalization, 1 in 20 cases cause pneumonia in children, and up to 3 in 1,000 cases result in pediatric death. Those who are not immunocompromised and are fully vaccinated against measles (who have received two doses of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine) are generally not considered at risk. The two doses are about 97 percent effective at preventing measles, and protection is considered to be life-long. The DOH-Broward said it is now "identifying susceptible contacts that may be candidates for post-exposure prophylaxis through MMR or immunoglobulin." While the risk of measles is generally low in the US—the country declared it eliminated in 2000—the threat of large outbreaks is growing as vaccination rates slip. Many cases in the US are linked to travel from countries where the virus still circulates. But if a travel-related case lands in a pocket with low vaccination coverage, the virus can take off. Such was the case in 2019, when the country tallied 1,274 measles cases and nearly lost its elimination status. Health officials typically consider vaccination coverage of 95 percent or greater sufficient to protect against ongoing transmission. In the years since the COVID-19 pandemic began, vaccination rates among US kindergarteners have slipped to 93 percent, and vaccination exemptions reached an all-time high in the latest data from the 2022–2023 school year. There are now at least 10 states that have vaccination exemption rates above 5 percent, meaning that even if every non-exempt child is vaccinated, those states will not have enough coverage to reach the 95 percent target.

The CDC has tallied 20 measles cases in the US so far this year. But that is the tally as of February 15; it does not include any of the Florida cases reported since Friday. In 2023, there were 58 measles cases reported to the CDC. This story originally appeared on Ars Technica.

[teachingrounds]

Q. What are the short- and long-term mortality for patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

A. Of patients hospitalized with CAP, 10-15% die within 30 days of diagnosis, 30-35% die within 1 year of hospitalization, and 50% die within 1 year of an ICU stay with severe CAP.

Source: File & Ramirez, "Community-Acquired Pneumonia," NEJM (2023), DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp2303286.

[helthcareheven]

Guardians of Global Health: Innovators in Infectious Disease Therapeutics.

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases have plagued humanity for millennia. Caused by pathogenic microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi, these diseases can range from mild illnesses to life-threatening ones. Some of the major infectious diseases that have devastated populations include smallpox, tuberculosis, malaria, influenza and AIDS. Even today, infectious diseases remain one of the leading causes of death globally. According to the World Health Organization, infectious diseases account for around 17 million deaths annually worldwide. Addressing infectious diseases has been an ongoing medical challenge. This article discusses some of the approaches and therapeutic developments being made in the area of infectious disease therapeutics.

Antibacterial Drug Development

One of the main approaches to combating infectious diseases is through the development of antibacterial and antiviral drugs. For bacterial infections, scientists have long relied on antibiotics. However, with the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, we are facing a growing crisis of ineffective antibiotics. Several pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a host of new "superbugs" have evolved resistance to frontline antibiotics. This has spurred renewed efforts in antibacterial drug research and development. Several pharmaceutical companies and research institutes are working on new classes of antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action to overcome existing resistance problems. Some of the new classes of antibacterials in clinical trials include antibiotics targeting bacterial respiration, cell wall synthesis and RNA processing. Other innovative platforms for antibacterial drug delivery include using bacteriophages to deliver anti-bacterial payloads directly into bacterial cells.

Antiviral Drug Development

For viral diseases, development of effective antiviral drugs is another key approach followed. However, designing antivirals poses unique challenges due to viruses' ability to rapidly mutate and evolve resistance. Currently, antivirals are available for some common viral illnesses such as influenza, hepatitis, herpes and HIV. But new antiviral targets and platforms are being explored for other emerging and re-emerging viral diseases. Some of the new classes of antivirals in development target mechanisms like viral entry, replication, assembly and egress. Other innovative anti-viral drug platforms harness RNA interference and gene editing tools like CRISPR. Monoclonal antibody therapies are also emerging as potent antiviral strategies. Even for diseases with existing antivirals like HIV, new long-acting drugs and gene/immunotherapy based functional cures are being pursued to achieve long-term remission without lifelong drug regimens.

Vaccines for Prevention

Historically, vaccines have proved hugely successful in preventing infectious diseases on a population scale. For instance, global eradication of smallpox was achieved via the smallpox vaccination program. Today, newer vaccine technologies are being leveraged to develop preventives against several infectious agents. Some of these technologies are nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) based vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particle vaccines and recombinant vector vaccines (using viral vectors). Apart from vaccines against classic diseases like flu, pertussis and pneumococcus; candidates are also in development for infections like tuberculosis, malaria, Zika and Ebola. Researchers are also working on pan-influenza, pan-coronavirus and pan-serotype vaccines with broad protection. With vaccine research leveraging advances in immunology, genomics and bioengineering – hopes are high that many more diseases can be controlled or eliminated through vaccination in the future.

Role of Diagnostics

Rapid and accurate diagnostics also play an important support role in infectious disease management. Traditional diagnostic methods are being supplemented by new technologies like isothermal nucleic acid amplification platforms, biosensors, lab-on-chip systems and molecular diagnostics. For example, POC molecular tests like loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) provide gene-detection in less than an hour without sophisticated labs. Diagnostic tools based on CRISPR and nanopore sequencers can achieve real-time sequencing and detection. Whole genome sequencing is also finding applications in tracking disease transmission, carrying out surveillance of pathogens and facilitating timely public health responses. Going forward, multiplexed diagnostics that can simultaneously detect and identify a panel of pathogens from a single patient sample will become more common. This will aid prompt treatment decisions.

Conclusion

In summary, a multi-pronged approach involving preventive as well as curative interventions like vaccines, antibiotics, antivirals and rapid diagnostics is essential to address the persisting threat of infectious diseases. With cutting-edge technologies and innovative drug-delivery platforms being leveraged, there is optimism that novel therapeutics and diagnostics will continue to be developed for both prevalent as well as emerging infectious agents. While resistant pathogens remain a challenge, continued focus on R&D for infectious disease therapeutics hold promise to control infections more effectively in the future.

[jalmedical]

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