#Indian transmission line

[nepalenergyforum]

India, Nepal Agree to Fast-Track Collaborative Water and Energy Initiatives

Nepal and India have agreed to expedite hydropower projects and advance cooperation on energy, water resources and other key areas, a top minister of the Himalayan nation said on Wednesday (November 6, 2024). Nepalese Energy and Water Resources Minister Deepak Khadka, who visited India from November 3 to 6, made the comments during a brief talk with media persons at Tribhuvan International…

[queering-ecology]

Queer Ecologies: Sex, Nature, Politics, Desire Chapter 2 : Enemy of the Species by Ladelle McWhorter (part 3)

Species Troubled Past

1830s, USA—the abolitionists movement was growing. “it was simply wrong to enslave fellow human beings, no matter what benefits to society might result and no matter what racial differences might exist in intelligence, strength, health or ability” and old justifications for slavery no longer carried weight so slavery defenders turned to science—“Negroes and Caucasians were in fact distinct species” (79)

‘Important’ Names: John Bachman- naturalist, South Carolina Josiah Nott- physician, Alabama, “the most vocal of slavery’s scientific proponents” Samuel G. Morton- world-renowned anatomist and professor medicine, Philadelphia James Cowles Prichard- biologist, England

Nott used Prichard’s definition of species, “separate origin and distinctness of races, evinced by a constant transmission of some character peculiarity of organization” and referenced Morton’s study that found “significant racial differences in cranial capacity” to claim that Caucasians, Negroes, American Indians were separate species (79)=polygeny

Monogeny =the theory that humanity is one unitary species; Bachman offered this definition of species: “those individuals resembling each other in dentition and general structure. In wild animals […] they must approach the same size; but in both wild and domesticated animals they must have the same duration of life, the same period of utro-gestation, the same average number of progeny, the same habits and instincts, in a word, they belong to one stock that produce fertile offspring by association” (2005, 220) (80)

Racial diversity already existed in the USA, so Nott argued that ‘Mulattoes’ (crosses between Negroes and Caucasians) were sterile hybrids like mules and thus met Buffon’s requirement and qualified as two distinct species (80)-- he used his ‘observations’ as a physician who had treated many enslaved people to support this.

“Between 1846 and 1850 most respected scientists in the United States converted to polygeny”. Types of Mankind (1854)-published by what is now known as the American School of Anthropology.

Returning to Foucault’s words the author states, “concepts […] are for cutting. They are never merely benign representations of a natural arrangement.” (81) “Species could be made to function oppressively to separate white from blacks because […] it was already a tool for marking separations in natures heterogenous continuities in the interest of prevailing human practices” (81).

The Origin of Species (1859) Charles Darwin, who like many others maintained that the concept of species was practically meaningless, given the inevitability of evolution. “There are not eternally fixed types, nor are there eternally distinct lines of descent. All life on earth, no matter how morphologically or functionally distinct at present, conceivably could be traced back to a single germ line” (81) To me this concept is also what Mitakuye Oyasin means—we are all related. I believe my ancestors knew this ‘scientific’ truth long before Charles Darwin was alive.  Charles Darwin never answered the question on the origin of species—species must change over time but not when change amount to a new species (82).

The theory of natural selection was remarkable, proponents agreed but it was incomplete—clearly certain groups like Africans, Pacific Islanders, and indigenous people from North and South America had not evolved sufficiently to produce ‘civilization’ (82) (Between indigenous peoples and those who supposedly created ‘civilization’, only one group has nearly destroyed their very environment at almost every turn—making them remarkably unfit and poorly adapted to the planet--and it isn’t indigenous peoples). But even those in the ‘higher races’ could fail to adapt—criminals, idiots, the mad, the degenerate, the chronically ill…like the ‘lower races’ these weaklings should be eliminated by natural selection. BUT, the Caucasian elite grew increasingly anxious…was humanity still evolving? Or was civilization circumventing the evolutionary process? Could it even reverse itself?—devolution. Modern technology and medicine= saving more people who might have once not survived, “allowing those with inferior traits to mature and reproduce” (82).

Madison Grant, was one of the many theorists who was concerned about devolution. He was a  New York attorney and a conservationist who co-founded the Save-the-Redwoods League and the Bronx Zoo and helped establish Glacier and Denali National Parks. (83) Grant believed humans had evolved under harsh environmental conditions. Anglo Saxon history and the rising tide of inferiority that was everyone else…”Mistaken regard for what are believed to be divine laws and a sentimental belief in the sanctity of human life, tend to prevent both the elimination of defect in infants and the sterilization of such adults as are themselves of no value to the community. The laws of nature require the obliteration of the unfit” (Grant 1916,44-45) (83). (When in fact it is humans caring for one another that built humanity and underlies the entire point and purpose of civilization). Grant advocated for the sterilization of the criminal, diseased, insane and other weaklings and those he termed ‘worthless race types’ like Jews, blacks and indigenous peoples. Immigration, they believed, should also be curtailed to prevent undesirables from entering the USA. “Immigration is thus, from the racial standpoint a form of procreation and like the more immediate form of procreation it may be either the greatest blessing or the greatest curse” (Stoddard 1925, 252) (84).

So elite influential men and their allies created organizations such as the Immigration Restriction League (full of Harvard alumni), the American Breeders’ Association (later renamed the American Genetics Association), and what later became the American Psychiatric Association-- and they won passage of an immigration restriction bill (1917)—it instituted literacy tests, put caps on the number of immigrants, national quotas and denial of entry basis on the condition called ‘constitutional psychopathy’. This effectively screened out anyone who did not conform to gender norms or anyone who admitted to homosexual desire. “Further, any immigrant who, during the first give years of residence in the United States, committed a crime or showed signs of any allegedly hereditary physical or mental defect, including sexual inversion, could be deported” (84). Congress also barred people who were ‘feebleminded, morally degenerate, or sexually suspect’.   Then in 1924, they reduced the number of people who could immigrate to the US by an annual total of 150,000, making it the exclusive country in the world. These provisions stayed in effect well past the middle of the twentieth century (85).

The introduction of the Simon-Binet IQ test in 1912 made identifying those were ‘intellectually unfit’ quick and easy (85)—public schools became screening grounds. Certain children would be segregated from their classmates until they could be institutionalized. The test was modified by eugenicist psychologist Henry Goddard to include a grade of ‘feeblemindedness beyond the imbecile. Individuals with a test measured mental age of eight to twelve years were classified as morons.’ (85) “Women who had children out of wedlock were automatically classified as such but any deviation from heterosexuality and prescribed gender roles could earn a person the label of moral imbecile in addition to the label of degenerate, lunatic or psychopath” (85-86). Hundreds of thousands were locked up for life as a result of these efforts to forestall a perceived threat to natural selection and evolution of humanity.

Quietly, eugenicist physicians had been sterilizing ‘defectives’ in prison, hospitals and asylums since the 1880s. In 1927, the Supreme Court endorsed these eugenic practices in Buck v Bell (86). By 1927, the number of Americans legally sterilized without their consent would reach 65,000~ (86).

“Adolf Hitler learned a great deal from American eugenicists, particularly about involuntary sterilization” –1934 Nazi involuntary sterilization law was based on the Model of Eugenical Sterilization Law drafted by American biologist Harry Laughlin (1922). He advocated for the sterilization of about 10% of the U.S population, those deemed ‘socially inadequate’ such as the (1) feeble-minded; (2) Insane, (including the Psychopathic); (3) Criminalistic (including the delinquent and wayward);(4) Epileptic; (5) Inebriate (including drug habites); (6) Diseased (including the tuberculosis, the syphilitic, the leprous, and others with chronic infections and legally segregable diseases); (7) Blind (including those with seriously impaired vision); (8) Deaf (including those with seriously impaired hearing); (9) Deformed (including the crippled); and (10) Dependent (including orphans, ne-er-do-wells, the homeless, tramps and paupers) (Laughlin) (86-87).

By 1934, nearly thirty US states had enacted such laws, though few were as drastic as Lauglin’s suggestion. Some provinces in Canada and in Europe also followed. “The Nazis […] has some serious eugenic catching up to do” (87).

By 1937, the Nazis had sterilized approx. 250,000 Germans before they began to eliminate defectives through eugenic ‘euthanasia’ (87)—genocide.

Though such things were never enacted in the US, proponents of eugenics considered it and continued to push their sterilization agenda (Partlow and his three-man committee designed to sterilize any sexual perverts, Sadists, homosexualists, Masochist, Sodomists or two-time convicted rapists. They would have no right to judicial review. The bill passed state legislature when it was vetoed twice by Governor Bibb Graves) (88).

As the details of the Nazi regime became more widely understood in the US, the eugenics movement lowered its profile and changed tactics. “Eugenics should therefor operate on a basis of individual selection” and “Eugenics, in asserting the uniqueness of the individual, supplements the American ideal of respect for the individual” (89)

[33-108]

"12 Kali and Pratyabhijna

The doctrine of the 12th Kali is one of the earliest concepts of Kālīkula / Kālīkrama. Moreover, this doctrine is the most secret teaching in the tradition of Kashmiri Shaivism, which dominated the territory of Kashmir during the early Middle Ages. In the 10th-11th centuries, Abhinavagupta defined the teachings of the 12th Kali as the most exalted esoteric aspect of Trika. For him, the Kalikrama Goddess, the One who draws Time to Himself - Kālasaṁkarṣaṇī - outside the Supreme (Parātīta) of the goddesses of Trika: The Parā (Parā, the Supreme Goddess) and Parāparā (Aparā, the Inferior), which is doctrinal the basis of his Trika system.

According to Abhinavagupta, the doctrine of the 12 Kali was given to him along the line of spiritual continuity, in which Utpaladeva himself was present. Somananda IX century, the author of Shivadrishti, the first teacher in the Pratyabhidjna system was, according to Abhinavagupta, a follower of Govindaraja, the Teacher of the Krama line, who before his death gave him the teachings of the 12 Kali, set forth in Kālīkulapañcaśatakā.

Somananda gave this teaching along the line of spiritual continuity of Utpaladeva and Lakshmanagupta, and then it was transferred to Abhinavagupta. Utpaladeva did not address directly to his spiritual heritage, which was derived from the followers of Krama (probably in connection with the intentional advancement of the non-anatrical view of tradition).

Nevertheless, his view of sensual experience is imbued with the idea of ​​lunar nectar. This concept, outlined in Śivastotrāvalī, an outstanding work of spiritual literature of Kashmiri Shaivism, is close to the ideas of Kalikrama concerning sense organs. Thus, Krama is an important foundation for the schools of Pratyabhijna,Trika and Spanda.

Perhaps not only these reasons were guided by the commentators Utpaladeva, Kshemaraja and Maheshvarananda, who developed the important ideas of Utpaladeva in the light of Krama-Mahartha. Especially worth mentioning is Ksemaraja, who in his commentary on Shivastotravali Utpaladeva expressed a firm commitment to the Krama system. who developed the most important ideas of Utpaladeva in the light of Krama-Mahartha. Especially worth mentioning is Ksemaraja, who in his commentary on Shivastotravali Utpaladeva expressed a firm commitment to the Krama system.

On the other hand, in the 13th century Mahesvarananda in his commentary (Parimala) on his work Mahārthamañjarī , which is the South Indian version of Kalikrama, developed the deep foundations of Pratyabhijna, he used quotes from Śivastotravali in the context of substantiating the secret Kaula ritual ( kula-yāga), which he regarded as the practice of śāktopāya. From this interesting configuration follows a certain consequence, namely the vague relationship of the schools of Krama and Kaula, which can be logically justified using the pratyabhijna axiomatic system. For example, 12 Kali as an image of reflective awareness (vimarśa).

At the center of the 12th doctrine is the Kalimistic experience embodied in the 12 Suns known as bhānavī-krama. This teaching is considered the most important in the northern transmission (uttarāmnāya).

12 Kali incarnate:

1) the dynamism of the cognitive act (saṁvit-cakra, saṁvit-krama).

2) the universal vibration of consciousness (sāmānya-spanda).

3) the 12 deified senses (prakāśa-cakra, marīcidevatā-cakra, raśmi-cakra). According to this concept, the 12 Kali symbolize the method (krama) and the instrument (senses) of the cognition process that generates reflective awareness ( vimarśa), which is the capacity of pure luminous consciousness (prakāśa, bhāsa) to reflect its eternal nature.

The concept of the vimarsha was of great interest to Utpaladeva, (Īśvarapratyabhijñā-Kārikā ), where he defines the vimarsha as the energy of the action of consciousness (citikriyāśakti), expressed in his commentary ( Vṛtti) on Isvarapratya-bhijna-Karika.

In this sense, the 12 Kali form an analytical model of the process of cognition, where special attention is paid to the energies associated with cognition, the sense organs and thoughts accompanying the process of perception, indicating the path to mystical interaction with phenomenal reality.

Revealed on the basis of purification of thought forms (vikalpa-saṁskāra), 12 Kali awakens pure knowledge (suddha-vidyā). The onset of freedom from thought forms ( nirvikalpa) is achieved when the mind "reaches the state of inner purity and becomes a means of reflection," in this case, what remains is the universal factor of mental representations.

Therefore, "he, who perceives everything as his own essence, thus knows:" all this variety of forms belongs to me, "he, even being in the stream of thoughtforms, reaches the state of Mahesh." Thus, if an individual continues to create thought forms that stem directly from the energy of God, he perceives the universe without any separation and transforms all thought forms into pure reflective awareness, he attains the state of Maheswara.

In addition to these basic epistemological principles, generalized by Pratyabhijna's terminology, the higher theoretical foundation of sense experience and the interpretation of this process, develops in the teachings of Kalikrama and the 12 Kali. In particular, in the sphere where the work of the senses is confirmed by experience, the views of Kalikrama and Utpaladeva merge.

Sensual experience plays an outstanding role in the concept of devotion to Utpaladeva. The pleasure in the senses entails the immersion in the higher awareness of the nature of Shiva, this sudden recognition (sāhasa-abhijñāna), "impregnated with a pure, ever-flowing nectar of consciousness (saṁvit-amṛta), pervading awareness, "All are one."

However, apart from the frantic dynamism characteristic of religious fervor, devotion also has another dimension. At first it seems static, on the whole consistent with what is called the Kalikrama secret doctrine, because for Utpaladeva devotion represents a state of equilibrium and stability (sthiti).

Utpaladeva says:

"Nothing can be used to achieve sustainability (sthiti-krta / sthiti-kṛta) in one's own Self, Luminosity is absolutely indubitable and eternal Let this idea become my stronghold. Only those who are invariably in their true Self (svasthā) are betrayed to you. Having hardened (sthitvā) in the seat of your pure consciousness. May I always honor you, O Lord of the Body, with speech and mind."

The state of immutability (sthiti) is one of the parts of the cognitive process ( sṛṣṭi, sthiti, saṁhāra), in addition, it is also associated with the supreme state of the Kalasamkarsani Goddess, embodying total resilience in the pure consciousness presented in the form of "pure knowledge" of the wheel of consciousness (samvit-chakra = 12 Kali), and is tasted like the lunar nectar of immortality.

The stability state (sthiti) connects the solar and lunar dimensions within the Kalasamkarshani vidya. Therefore, what first appears to be a static basis (sthiti), in pure consciousness includes the amazing wealth of the sensory experience embodied in the Sun 12 Kali.

The work of the senses simultaneously includes both expansion and contraction. During the expansion, one enjoys the blissful nectar of the expanding consciousness, symbolized by the 16 phases of the Full Moon; in the state of compression, there is a delight in the inner lunar nectar of the state of shambhava (śāmbhava) - the 17th phase of the New Moon.

Samvit-Marga, Samvit-Chakra

One of the main problems of the recognition theory (pratyabhijna) of Utpaladeva is an attempt to single out the unique dynamic subject, the "I" of Shiva, which manifests itself in the duality of the prakasa-vimarsha, pure luminous consciousness ( prakāśa/Śiva) and reflective awareness (vimarśa/Śakti). Polarization of prakasha-vimarsh is performed in order to strengthen the experimental basis of ultimate non-duality ( paramādvaita), bound by the knot of their inner unity (abheda / abheda).

This determines the unshakable foundation of the concepts of "transcendence" and "immanence" when they are viewed from the perspective of the phenomenology of perception leading to the recognition of the Absolute ("I" of Shiva) in all objective phenomena. Indeed, in Śhivastotravali Shiva is depicted as endowed with the sun's rays (bhānumarīcyaḥ). Shiva is the goal, the light of pure consciousness ( prakāśa), achievable through the sun's rays of reflective awareness (vimarśa). The sun's rays embody the recognition of the senses, in the work of which reflective awareness is used. For the believer, the way of the senses (saṁvit-mārga) is the path to Shiva. At a more internal level of mystical immersion, feelings are transformed into deities of the senses, whose sensory perception is used as sacrificial substances offered by Shiva.

"Glory to your awful wheel of the goddesses of the senses (śakti-vṛnda)!

Which, sacrificing the objects of feelings, Honor you through enjoyment."

In the commentary on this sloka from Śivastotravali, Ksemaraja defines shakti-vrindu as the wheel of consciousness (saṁvit-cakra). The concept of the samvit-chakra is analyzed in detail in the fourth chapter of the Tantraloka of Abhinavagupta, in the section devoted to the śāktopāya, indicating how the Kali included the dynamism of the cognitive process. The interpretation of shakti-vrinda Kshemaraja is unique. This term does not appear in the Kalikrama texts in the context of the 12th Kali, since it was intended solely to refer to the general reality of the metaphysics of Kalikrama, known as the Vrinda-cakra. However, an exception was found in Cidgaganacandrikā of Shrivatsa.

In this text, dated at least the XIII century, shakti-vrinda is associated with the image of the Goddess as the Sun of Consciousness in the exact meaning of the samvit-chakra. As stated in the text, This is the level of the 12-fold sequence, manifested in the world in the form of words, and also manifested everywhere in the form of triads. The 12-fold system (3x4 = 12) reflects the processing of cognitive energy occurring in the trinity of the cognizing (pramātṛ / pramatma) - the methods of cognition (pramāṇa ) - the object of knowledge (prameya). Each of the aspects follows a four-fold sequence: creation (sṛṣṭi), preservation (sthiti), dissolution (saṁhāra ) and indescribable transcendental state (anākhya ).

A careful awareness of this sequence (krama-parāmarśa ), which is the basis of the whole experience, is a practical application of the samvit-chakra. Creation of the object, which takes place through the opening of the will, is akalitollāsa / sṛṣṭi). Whenever this will comes in contact with an external object, there is maintenance of sensual enjoyment ( tatsambhoga, sthiti). Returning to one's true essence, which is a movement from expansion to contraction, is carvaṇa / saṁhāra.

The ultimate rest of individual objects that are in the unity of consciousness, where they exist as reflections of their original source (the absolute "I" (pūrṇa ahaṁ ) - is a transcendental state of completion (virāma/anākhya).

Anakhya is consciousness , free from the duality of thoughtforms (nirvikalpa), it still knows, because it recognizes the movement of thoughts as a pure luminous consciousness, and, moreover, contains in itself knowledge: "all this is my radiance." Thus, in the transcendental state head (anākhya ) stored : Activity, knowledge and feelings.

Rays of devotion

Utpaladeva uses senses as the basis for chanting of Holy Name, in the sense that the most exalted devotion is the fullness of their realization.

Devotion governs experience through feelings, generating a field of blissful delight, whose strength increases with religious feeling. Perhaps more strikingly, the truth of devotion is proved through sensual ecstasy, which penetrates the subjective and objective essence of the cognitive process.

Utpaladeva writes:

"Only those who are truly devoted to you, who know the subject and object through an expanded range of sensations."

The whole range of sensations included in the "religious methodology", "rays of devotion," as Utpaladeva calls it, leads to the fact that the sensory experience that gives the opportunity to experience a mystical fusion (samāveśa ) is judged to be the most important. Both Utpaladeva and Ksemaraja are equated with devotion (bhakti), obsession (āveśa ) and mystic confluence (samāveśa ), in the sense that religious devotion plays an important role in sensual involvement that leads to immersion in elevated states (rasa), which ultimately leads to interaction with the Absolute.

At this stage, the sense organs work in accordance with the spontaneity inherent in them initially, extracting from the objective sphere an essence, a subtle part in the form of a smell, color, sound, etc., which are means for achieving a secret union with a pure consciousness represented by pleasure in taste (rasa ). This awareness of taste in the realm of the senses is expressed in terms such as "bliss of taste" (rasana), "pleasure" (carvaṇa), "enjoyment of taste" (āsvadā ). They express the idea of ​​universal interpenetration until the final merger. Pleasure with taste symbolizes mastering and means of increasing strength.

Acting at the junction of the semiotic and symbolic, the act of enjoying taste in the ontological sense means the process of dissolution (saṁhāra ), which serves as an example of the interiorization of the objective (the aram is the source of the krama).

Destruction occurs through the rays of the senses (which symbolize the 12 Kali), striving for universal dissolution. This metaphor is often found in the Kalikrama texts, it points to Paramarsh. As Torrell notes, the act of enjoying the taste, represented by terms such as charwana, aswada, rasana, are complementary to the vimarsha and its derivatives.

There is another point of view concerning those who are infatuated with the devotion of the senses. According to these ideas, feelings lead to the recognition of unity in differences (bhedābheda, kramākrama ) because of all-embracing connections and relationships. This is the idea of ​​spreading (vyāpti).

The sense organs, because of their all-pervasive nature, are transformed into instruments acting in the field of the spell of devotion. The pervasive nature of the senses, the concept of interweaving everything where the lower is imbued with the higher, is the basis of the Kalikrama tradition.

The rays represent the all-pervasive nature of the senses. Like solar energy, the rays of the senses illuminate the world separately and all together. The sunshine spreads outward, it is this spreading in all directions that personifies the all-pervasive nature of the senses.

This symbolizes the fact, that everything is manifested by the light of consciousness and, as such, reaches its true being by realizing its unity with everything. As a tool for Vyapti, the senses have the ability to interconnect things. At this level, the senses are already losing their separated character and become inseparable from the higher self. The higher self is the subject who recognizes the movement of the senses as the activity of pure consciousness.

Consequently, the process of connection causes the dynamic nature of the spread, it triggers the senses, which actually play the role of agents of the energy union (mahāmelāpa ). This synthesis clearly emphasizes the central place of identity in the dynamism of the senses, which, being all-pervasive (vyāpaka), leads to the enjoyment of the unified taste of the non-dual consciousness (sāmarasya ) at each moment of perception.

Utpaladeva, in the culmination of his anthem, glorifying devotion, apparently strives to postulate the fundamental role of the feelings involved in the union.Immersion in the work of feelings that permeate objectively and subjectively, and their eternal combinations are implied in the concept of the great feast of worship (mahotsava ).

Utpaladeva writes:

I worship Shiva,

whom during the feast of dissolution

Steadily and hugly embraces Shakti (Parvati)

Through whom the whole universe enjoys

Through food, drink and ornaments.

Oh, glory to the great feast of worship of the

Sweet and inexplicable

With which even falling tears

Have the taste of the nectar of immortality.

In the context of tantric practice, Mahottsava means the principle of excess of feelings related to the great feast where siddhis and yoginis come to join the union (melāpa) for the sole purpose of producing nectar (amṛta ). In fact, Mahesvaranada prefers this interpretation, placing the concept of the Mahotsava Utpaladeva at the center of his definition of the shaktopaya from the position of Kaula-Krama.

However, restraining the desire to put aside purely ritualistic meanings, we advance the "cognitive" interpretation, stating that siddhi and yogini are an image of the deities of the senses and senses that merge in a pulsating union that generates the nectar of bliss. The nectar of bliss is an enlarged consciousness characterized by the outpouring of the energies of the senses that permeate the phenomenal being from within and without. The flow of poured energy, experienced through a piercing gust of feelings, generates a state of unity that allows everything to manifest, maintain and dissolve in an endless chain of interconnected compounds. This is inherent in the very nature of the senses, which they enjoy in the state of expansion and contraction of their internal energies, which include all things in their essential unity.

Purna: The moonlit nectar of bliss

All levels of Śivastotravali are permeated with a strong desire for spiritual experience of perfect completeness (pūrṇa ) manifested in the lunar nectar of immortality. Utpaladeva most clearly expressed the importance of purnah, connected with the highest state of shambhava (śāmbhava). This idea is illustrated by the oozing nectar of immortality (amṛta-pūrṇatva ), which brings bliss and fills the phenomenal world. Perfect completeness (pūrṇa/paripūrṇa ) is the realization of the ontological identity between the being of the phenomenal world and the pure consciousness of Shiva, which is expressed in the statement:

"the whole world is your perfect fullness." Moreover, the attainment of perfect completeness (pūrṇa ) with the help of the senses is a necessary condition for their deification, which empowers feelings with "radiant splendor".

Purna is often associated with the symbolism of the moon, illustrating the self-regenerating source, which at the same time empties, and fills itself with the nectar of moonlight. The full moon symbolizes the highest degree of external saturation; The new moon, on the contrary, symbolizes the peak of inner fullness. Utpaladeva takes into account both these dimensions in her description of the lunar nectar, which generates the experience of bliss.

"Purna - the full moon of sensual experience

Even relying on objects of

Feeling bestow upon the

Followers the nectar of immortality"

According to the interpretation of the concept of feelings in the Kalikrama tradition, the experience of objectivity, achieved through the solar action of the senses, is embodied in the moon nectar, which is a form of bliss. When the rays of the sense organs are filled with pure will (icchā ) to flow outward, they bring the sensory experience to its fullness.

The nectar of bliss arises from the desire to make the sensory experience complete. In this state, "concentrated consciousness" is experienced as a fivefold object of feelings. The ten rays of the sense organs, together with the mind (manas ) and intellect (buddhi ), regarded as one, give rise to 11. Thus, the bliss of sense experience generates 16. Number 16 is the symbol of the full moon of objectivity, nectar is its form; this bliss, because it is based on the great bliss of the object of will.

"Purna aham - the new moon of perfect fullness "I"

Bows to

Whose exceptional activity is the destruction of the

Great darkness of error

Whose radiance exceeds any light

Whose symbol is the Moon The

Lord that is free from thoughtforms (nirvikalpa) The perfect fulness of supreme bliss ( mahānandapūrṇa )."

The perfect completeness of the Self (pūrṇa ahaṁ) lies at the heart of Pratyabhijna's goal, because it represents the highest state of shambhava (śāmbhava). This state of freedom from thoughtforms (nirvikalpa), where the three parts of the cognitive process (subject, object and methods of cognition) are nondifferent from pure consciousness (cinmātra ). This identification is maintained by enjoying one taste (ekarasa ). Purna aham is a state of rest (viśrānti) in which the mind and feelings, free from separation, act by the energy of bliss (ānanda-śakti ).

The interconnection of the perfect fullness of the self (pūrṇa ahaṁ ) and the dynamism of the cognitive process, embodied in the functioning of the senses, is described by the symbolism of reflection.Purna-aham is the mirror (bimba ) foundation of absolute freedom (svātantrya), which maintains the unity of the play of universal reflections (pratibimba ) unfolding in the cognitive process. Given the absorbing nature of Shiva, which realizes the universal dissolution, the perfect completeness of the Self (pūrṇa ) is symbolically portrayed as the 17th phase of a new moon, but not as a full moon.

17th lunar phase symbolizes the perfect completeness of the inner realization, containing the lunar nectar of immortality, poured out in the manifestation of objective reality.

"Purna is a combination of the superconscious (unmanā ) and the conscious (samanā ).

Wherever I am with the body,

speech and mind

All this is just you.

Let this highest truth be

Completely realized (paripūrṇa ) in me."

Having carefully examined the sensory element of Utpaladeva's views on the mystical experience, we can see that the perfect realization (paripūrṇa) experienced as a taste of the nectar of immortality (amṛta ) is a fusion of two states.

The first state of expansion pulsating in the enjoyment of the senses, is harmonized by the second state of rest of the shambhava. In Kalikram, they are respectively associated with states known as samana and unman.

Samana means the sensual pleasure of the organs of perception, experienced as amazement (camatkṛti), giving the senses an outlet through which the adept attains the beauty of the sensory world in various forms: sound, touch, etc .; This sequence (krama ) of the flow of feelings, flowing in and out, is experienced as a pleasure in taste (rasana ).

When this activity ceases to exist, it dissolves, consciousness enters the state of unman, akrama. The state of the unman is a form of eternally conscious radiance, in which the various cycles of perception are identical to the pure consciousness of Shiva. In the state of unman, objectivity is perceived as the enjoyment of nectar (amṛta ).

Through this nectar, an inner outpouring of the senses takes place, and the adept feels that the phenomenal world is immersed in the divine stream. The fusion of these two states, occurring in an inconsistent sequence (karamākrama), is rooted in the higher state of stability (sthiti ) that underlies Kalikrama's view of sensory experience.

- Aleksandra Wenta"

[beatrice-otter]

Besides all the money to fix all the shit that's broken in the last forty years since we haven't been maintaining things properly and/or replacing them as they wear out, it also includes

$39 billion to modernize transit and improve accessibility--you know how a lot of public transit is not usable for people with disabilities? Here's $39 billion to fix that! And you know how a lot of public transit isn't actually very well designed so it's cumbersome and inefficient to use? Here's money to fix that!

$66 billion for passenger and freight rail--rail is by far the most environmentally friendly and financially efficient way to move people and freight. And we're actually investing in it for the first time in a century.

$7.5 billion to build a national network of electric vehicle chargers to make electric vehicles more practical.

$73 billion to overhaul the nation's power infrastructure, clean energy transmission, and overall energy policy--you know how leftists have been saying for years that renewables are ready to go, why aren't we moving in that direction? Well, that takes money to transition the infrastructure, and here is the money to do it.

$65 billion for broadband development--bringing broadband to rural places where the big corporate ISPs aren't going to bother because they're not profitable enough. With today's economy, a lack of broadband access leaves people isolated disconnected. This is fixing that.

It also MASSIVELY ramps up what the US is doing to make sure everyone has clean water

$15 billion for local governments to replace lead water pipes

$9 billion to address emerging contaminants such as PFAs

$3.5 billion to build water and sewer systems on Indian Reservations

$7 billion to FEMA for handling climate change-related disasters

Many of these line items are orders of magnitude more money than the US has spent on these things before. This is transformational. But the thing is, the Infrastructure Bill was not a one-and-done thing. It's designed to work over several years, because major infrastructure work doesn't just start on a dime. If Trump gets re-elected, all of this goes away.

So, thanks to President Biden’s Infrastructure Bill, remote locations on the Navajo Nation Reservation will be receiving electricity for the first time — ever.

Also, water treatment devices are being developed to help the tribe access clean running water. After decades without.

[sbjnirmalproducts1997]

Why SBJ Expert in Rotavator Part Manufacturers in Punjab Are Farmer's First Choice

Introduction to SBJ Nirmal Products

SBJ Nirmal Products has become synonymous with excellence in rotavator parts manufacturing. Established with a vision to empower farmers with reliable and high-performance equipment, SBJ has carved a niche in the agricultural industry. Their dedication to innovation, quality, and affordability has earned them the trust of farmers across Punjab and beyond. This article delves into the reasons why SBJ is the farmer’s first choice for rotavator parts in Punjab.

Punjab—A Hub for Agriculture

The Importance of Punjab in Indian Agriculture

Punjab, known as the "Granary of India," is vital to the country’s agricultural economy. The state’s fertile lands and advanced farming techniques make it a leader in crop production, especially wheat and rice. This agricultural prowess demands equally robust machinery and tools to maintain efficiency and productivity.

Role of Rotavators in Farming

Rotavators are indispensable for modern farming. They prepare the soil by breaking it down into fine particles, ensuring better aeration and moisture retention. For such critical operations, high-quality rotavator parts are essential, as they directly influence the performance and durability of the equipment.

What Makes Rotavator Parts Crucial for Farmers?

Ensuring Efficient Farming Practices

Rotavator parts, such as blades and stub axles, are at the heart of efficient farming. They reduce the time and effort required for soil preparation, allowing farmers to focus on other vital tasks.

Challenges with Subpar Parts

Farmers often face issues like frequent breakdowns and reduced efficiency when using low-quality parts. These problems not only increase costs but also disrupt farming schedules. High-quality components from SBJ address these challenges by offering durability and reliable performance.

SBJ Nirmal Products: A Pioneer in Rotavator Parts Manufacturing

The Journey of Excellence

With decades of experience, SBJ Nirmal Products has established itself as a trusted name in the agricultural sector. Their journey is marked by a commitment to understanding and addressing the evolving needs of farmers.

Innovation and Growth

From introducing innovative designs to setting benchmarks in quality, SBJ continues to lead the way in rotavator parts manufacturing. Their growth is a testament to their dedication to excellence.

Diverse Range of Rotavator Parts by SBJ Nirmal Products

Key Products Offered

SBJ Nirmal Products boasts an extensive range of rotavator parts designed to cater to various farming needs. These include:

Rotavator Blades: Known for their precision and durability.

Stub Axles: Engineered for heavy-duty operations.

Crown Pinions: Ensuring smooth and efficient power transmission.

Custom Solutions for Farmers

Each product is crafted with the specific requirements of farmers in mind, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.

Advanced Manufacturing Techniques at SBJ

Cutting-Edge Technology

SBJ’s manufacturing facilities are equipped with the latest technology. From computer-aided design (CAD) to automated assembly lines, every aspect of production is optimized for precision and efficiency.

Focus on Quality Assurance

Their advanced techniques ensure that each component meets stringent quality standards, delivering unparalleled reliability and performance.

Quality Standards That Set SBJ Apart

Adherence to ISO Certifications

SBJ Nirmal Products follows strict quality control measures, including ISO certifications. These standards guarantee that their products meet global benchmarks.

Rigorous Testing Processes

Each rotavator part undergoes rigorous testing to ensure it can withstand the demands of modern farming practices.

Affordable Solutions for Farmers

Cost-Effective Pricing

Understanding the financial constraints of farmers, SBJ offers competitively priced products without compromising on quality. This makes their parts accessible to a broader audience.

Value for Money

Farmers benefit from the exceptional durability and performance of SBJ’s parts, ensuring long-term savings and productivity.

Strong Distribution Network Across India and Beyond

Presence Across Key Regions

SBJ’s robust distribution network ensures their products reach farmers in every corner of Punjab and other agricultural hubs across India.

Expanding Internationally

Their exports to countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka highlight their commitment to serving the global farming community.

Farmer-Centric Approach

Understanding Farmer Needs

At SBJ, the farmer is at the center of every decision. The company’s products are designed to address real-world challenges faced by farmers.

Dedicated Customer Support

SBJ’s customer support team is always ready to assist farmers, ensuring their needs and concerns are promptly addressed.

Why Farmers Trust SBJ Nirmal Products

Testimonials and Success Stories

Farmers consistently praise SBJ for their reliable and high-performing products. Testimonials highlight how SBJ’s parts have transformed farming practices and increased productivity.

Building Long-Term Relationships

SBJ values its partnerships with farmers, fostering trust and loyalty through consistent quality and support.

Environmental Responsibility

Commitment to Sustainability

SBJ Nirmal Products prioritizes eco-friendly manufacturing practices, reducing their environmental footprint while supporting sustainable agriculture.

Promoting Green Farming

By producing durable and efficient parts, SBJ helps farmers adopt practices that are both productive and environmentally friendly.

Comparison with Competitors

Key Differences

SBJ’s emphasis on innovation, affordability, and farmer satisfaction sets them apart from competitors.

Competitive Advantages

Their focus on quality and customer-centric solutions ensures their products consistently outperform others in the market.

Future Plans and Innovations by SBJ

Expanding Product Lines

SBJ is continuously investing in research and development to introduce new and improved rotavator parts.

Global Market Expansion

Plans for entering new international markets reflect SBJ’s ambition to become a global leader in rotavator parts manufacturing.

Conclusion: Why SBJ Is the Farmer's First Choice

SBJ Nirmal Products’ unwavering commitment to quality, innovation, and affordability makes them the preferred choice for farmers. By continuously evolving to meet the needs of modern agriculture, SBJ ensures that farmers can rely on their products for enhanced productivity and efficiency. Choose SBJ Nirmal Products—the trusted partner for all your rotavator part needs.

[atplblog]

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[torqueyou]

Skoda Slavia: A Perfect Blend of Elegance and Performance

The Skoda Slavia is a compact sedan that has taken the automobile market by storm, offering a remarkable combination of style, comfort, and performance. With its sleek design, cutting-edge technology, and robust engineering, the Skoda Slavia is a car designed to impress both the discerning driver and the casual commuter. In this blog, we’ll explore everything that makes the Skoda Slavia a standout model in its segment.

A Glimpse of the Skoda Slavia

Unveiled as a successor to the much-loved Skoda Rapid, the Skoda Slavia has quickly become a popular choice in the sedan category. This new model showcases Skoda’s commitment to innovation, offering a modern design aesthetic while retaining the brand’s legacy of reliability and practicality.

Built on the MQB-A0-IN platform, which has been specially adapted for the Indian market, the Skoda Slavia boasts impressive dimensions, ensuring ample cabin space while maintaining a sleek and sporty look.

Design That Turns Heads

The Skoda Slavia is an epitome of contemporary design. Its bold front grille, sharp LED headlamps, and coupe-like silhouette make it a striking presence on the road. The car’s crisp lines and sculpted body exude a sense of sophistication, while the alloy wheels and chrome detailing add a touch of luxury.

Inside, the Skoda Slavia is equally impressive. The cabin features a dual-tone interior, premium upholstery, and a minimalist yet functional layout. The large touchscreen infotainment system, digital instrument cluster, and ambient lighting elevate the driving experience, ensuring that every journey is as enjoyable as it is comfortable.

Performance That Packs a Punch

Under the hood, the Skoda Slavia offers two turbocharged petrol engine options:

1.0 TSI Engine: A three-cylinder unit producing 115 PS of power and 178 Nm of torque, paired with either a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed torque converter automatic gearbox.

1.5 TSI Engine: A four-cylinder powerhouse delivering 150 PS of power and 250 Nm of torque, coupled with either a 6-speed manual or a 7-speed DSG automatic transmission.

Both engine options provide a smooth and responsive driving experience, catering to different driving preferences. The 1.5 TSI variant also features Active Cylinder Technology (ACT), which shuts down two cylinders during low-load conditions to improve fuel efficiency without compromising performance.

The Skoda Slavia offers a well-tuned suspension setup that ensures a comfortable ride, whether on city streets or highways. Its precise steering and excellent road grip make it a joy to drive, appealing to enthusiasts and daily commuters alike.

Technology and Safety Features

Skoda has equipped the Skoda Slavia with an array of advanced features to keep drivers connected, entertained, and safe. The infotainment system supports wireless Android Auto and Apple CarPlay, ensuring seamless smartphone integration. Additionally, features like wireless charging, ventilated seats, and a sunroof add to the car’s premium appeal.

When it comes to safety, the Skoda Slavia excels with its high-strength steel structure and a host of active and passive safety features. These include:

Up to six airbags

Electronic Stability Control (ESC)

Hill Hold Control

ISOFIX child seat anchors

Multi-Collision Braking

These features make the Skoda Slavia a reliable and secure choice for families and individual drivers alike.

Spacious and Practical

One of the standout features of the Skoda Slavia is its spaciousness. The sedan offers ample legroom and headroom for both front and rear passengers, making it ideal for long drives. The 521-liter boot capacity is one of the largest in its class, ensuring plenty of room for luggage and other essentials.

Skoda Slavia: A Competitor in Its Class

In the competitive compact sedan segment, the Skoda Slavia takes on rivals like the Honda City, Hyundai Verna, and Maruti Suzuki Ciaz. While each of these cars has its strengths, the Skoda Slavia sets itself apart with its superior build quality, advanced features, and powerful engine options.

Moreover, Skoda’s focus on after-sales service and its expanding dealership network ensure a hassle-free ownership experience, further enhancing the car’s appeal.

Conclusion: Why Choose the Skoda Slavia?

The Skoda Slavia is a testament to Skoda’s ability to combine elegance, performance, and practicality in one package. Whether you’re looking for a stylish city cruiser or a reliable family car, the Skoda Slavia ticks all the boxes.

Its impressive performance, modern features, and robust safety make it a standout choice in the sedan segment. If you’re in the market for a car that offers a perfect blend of sophistication and capability, the Skoda Slavia is well worth considering.

Drive into the future with the Skoda Slavia – a sedan that truly delivers on all fronts!

[machinemaze]

Top 10 Automobile Parts Manufacturers in India

Finding India's top 10 automobile parts manufacturers can be tricky when you don’t know about their quality standards, production, and delivery. This blog will help you find out the top 10 automobile parts manufacturers in India. 

Before we deep dive into the blog, Machine Maze can assist you in getting quotations from top automotive parts manufacturers in India. They have a vetted supplier network in India who have attained all the industry-specific certifications.

Now, let’s have a look at the top automobile parts manufacturing companies in India.

01. Samvardhana Motherson International Limited

SAMIL (Samavardhana Motherson International Limited) is established in 1986 and is the leading global supplier of automotive components and systems. The company’s primary products and services are wiring harnesses, vision systems, modules, polymer products, electrical distribution systems, and other automotive components. Products manufactured by SAMIL are used by a wide range of automobile parts manufacturers in India, such as passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and two-wheelers. SAMIL has a strong global presence and a diversified product portfolio.

02. Tata AutoComp Systems Limited

Tata AutoComp Systems Limited is headquartered in Pune, Maharashtra, India, and was established in 1954. It is one of the well-known automobile parts manufacturing companies in India. The company manufactures and supplies a wide range of automotive components and systems, such as engine cooling systems, automotive batteries, rearview mirrors, command systems, HVAC, exhaust and emission control systems, seating systems, battery packs, battery cooling systems, EV charging and electronic solutions for passenger and commercial vehicles, and suspensions for heavy commercial vehicles. These products are used by Indian and global OEMs, including Tata Motors, JCB, and MG Motors.

03. Bharat Forge Limited

Bharat Forge Limited is one of the top 10 companies in automotive parts manufacturing in India. The company was founded in 1961 and it offers a wide range of high-performance, critical, and safety components for diverse applications. The company’s product and service line-up consists of forged and machine components for engines, chassis, and transmissions. These automobile parts are used by General Motors, Ford, and Toyota. Bharat Forge Limited is considered to be an essential member of top automobile parts manufacturers, due to its strong focus on innovation, quality, and customer satisfaction. 

04. Bosch Limited

Bosch Limited is a German multinational company that has been operating in India since 1951. In India, Bosch manufactures automobile parts like fuel injection systems, spark plugs, engine control units, and breaking systems. The company’s manufactured parts are used by top OEMs, aftermarket suppliers, and fleet operators. It is considered to be the top automotive parts manufacturer in India, due to its excellence in quality, innovation, and customer service. 

05. TVS Motor Company Limited 

Headquartered in Chennai, India, TVS Motor Company is a multinational automobile parts manufacturer. The company was founded in 1978 and manufactures automobile parts such as engine, gearbox, suspension system and breaks. These products are used by their customers across 60 countries around the world. 

06. Varroc Engineering Limited

Established in 1989, Varroc Engineering Limited (VEL) is a global automobile spare parts manufacturer in India. The company designs, manufactures, and supplies an entire range of automotive parts, including exterior lighting systems, plastic and polymer components, electrical-electronics components, and precision metallic components. 

07. Endurance Technologies Limited

Endurance Technologies is a automobile parts manufacturer, headquartered in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. The company manufactures a wide range of auto components, including alloy wheels, suspension systems, transmissions and breaking systems. It is a Tier 1 supplier to major Indian and global OEMs.

08. Uno Minda Limited

Established in 1958, Uno Minda is a premier Indian manufacturer of automotive component categories, such as switching systems, lighting systems, and alloy wheels. A Tier-1 supplier to more than 500 domestic and international OEMs, it operates 73 global manufacturing facilities, including locations in Indonesia, Vietnam, Spain, and Mexico. Recognized for its innovation, quality, and focus on sustainability, Uno Minda is at the forefront of the automotive industry's shift to electric mobility.

09. Jamna Auto Industries Limited (JAI)

Founded in 1954, JAI is India’s largest and one of the world’s top manufacturers of automotive parts. Its products cater to commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles, and off-highway vehicles, serving OEMs, aftermarket distributors, and replacement parts providers. JAI emphasizes quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction.

10. JMB Group

A diversified conglomerate since 1983, JMB Group specializes in automotive sheet metal components, assemblies, safety systems, and chassis for vehicles. Known for innovation and quality, it collaborates with leading OEMs in India and internationally, solidifying its position as a top player in the automotive components industry.

Conclusion

Machine Maze can help you get in touch with these top automotive parts manufacturers in India. Their team takes control of your contract manufacturing process and assures that top-notch quality is delivered to their clients. Get in touch with Machine Maze and gain access to quotations in 24 hours.

[vwvolkswagen]

Experience Innovation in Motion: Discover the Volkswagen Taigun and Virtus at Volkswagen Delhi

Click Here For The Test Drive

Contact Us Today!!!

Book Your Favorite Volkswagen Car Today!!!

The Volkswagen Taigun and Volkswagen Virtus have become two of the most anticipated models in the automotive world, especially at Volkswagen Delhi. As a city where drivers value quality, innovation, and advanced engineering, Delhi serves as an ideal destination for Volkswagen’s latest offerings. The Volkswagen showroom in Delhi showcases these vehicles in a way that perfectly represents Volkswagen’s commitment to top-tier craftsmanship, design, and performance. Explore the unique features, superior build, and advanced technologies of the Taigun and Virtus, and see why Volkswagen Delhi stands out as a premier destination for automotive excellence.

Why Choose Volkswagen Delhi?

Volkswagen Delhi is more than just a dealership—it’s a hub of innovation and premium customer experience. The dealership provides an exceptional environment for customers to explore Volkswagen's diverse lineup. With a team of knowledgeable professionals ready to assist, customers can expect a seamless experience, from initial consultation to after-sales services. At Volkswagen Delhi, each customer is treated to a personalized journey that aligns with Volkswagen’s global standards for service and quality.

Premium Volkswagen Showroom in Delhi

The Volkswagen showroom in Delhi is designed to provide a comprehensive look at Volkswagen’s most innovative vehicles. Showcasing the Taigun and Virtus, this location embodies Volkswagen’s commitment to high-quality automotive experiences. The showroom includes interactive displays, a range of vehicle colors, and an inviting environment where you can explore each model in-depth. Volkswagen Delhi also offers test drives, so customers can feel the power and precision of these vehicles before making a decision.

Volkswagen Taigun: Redefining Compact SUVs

Advanced Engineering and Performance

The Volkswagen Taigun has set a new standard in the compact SUV segment. Built on Volkswagen’s MQB-A0-IN platform, it’s tailored specifically for Indian road conditions. The Taigun’s engine options include a 1.0L TSI and a 1.5L TSI EVO engine, delivering powerful yet efficient performance. With up to 148 hp, this SUV guarantees a thrilling ride on both city roads and highways.

Striking Exterior Design

The Taigun’s design stands out with bold and dynamic features that reflect Volkswagen’s global aesthetic principles. Its signature front grille, LED headlights, and stylish alloy wheels give the Taigun a commanding road presence. The clean lines and strong stance combine elegance with power, making it a standout choice for SUV enthusiasts in Delhi.

Innovative Interior Features

Inside, the Taigun offers a spacious cabin with high-quality materials that emphasize comfort and functionality. The 8-inch digital cockpit and a 10-inch touchscreen infotainment system offer advanced connectivity options like Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. Additionally, the ambient lighting and ergonomically designed seats make every drive comfortable, no matter the distance.

Click Here For The Test Drive

Safety and Technology

Volkswagen is known for its commitment to safety, and the Taigun is no exception. Equipped with Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Hill Hold Control, and six airbags, the Taigun provides maximum protection for every passenger. Volkswagen’s dedication to driver and passenger safety is evident in every aspect of this SUV’s design, making it one of the safest compact SUVs on the market.

Volkswagen Virtus: A New Benchmark in Sedans

Refined Performance and Handling

The Volkswagen Virtus is a sedan crafted for those who appreciate refined driving experiences. Powered by the same TSI engine options as the Taigun, the Virtus balances power and fuel efficiency perfectly. Its responsive handling, paired with advanced transmission options, offers smooth, controlled driving. The Virtus is engineered for performance, making it an ideal choice for urban and highway driving alike.

Elegant Exterior Design

The Virtus showcases a sophisticated design that radiates style and class. From its sleek LED headlamps to its sporty silhouette, the Virtus embodies a perfect blend of style and functionality. Every line and curve on the Virtus has been thoughtfully designed, making it one of the most elegant sedans available at the Volkswagen dealership in Delhi.

Comfort-Driven Interior

The interior of the Virtus emphasizes luxury and comfort, with high-quality finishes and intuitive controls. It includes a digital instrument cluster and a touchscreen infotainment system with seamless smartphone integration. Passengers can enjoy a premium audio experience, courtesy of the 8-speaker sound system. The Virtus also offers ample legroom and ergonomic seating, ensuring that every drive is comfortable and enjoyable.

Advanced Safety Features

Safety is a top priority in the Virtus, which comes equipped with features such as anti-lock braking system (ABS), traction control, and multiple airbags. Additionally, Volkswagen’s advanced pedestrian protection system further enhances safety for drivers, passengers, and pedestrians alike. Volkswagen Delhi ensures that every Virtus sold meets the highest standards of safety and reliability.

Volkswagen Dealership in Delhi: A Commitment to Customer Satisfaction

Comprehensive Services and Customer Care

The Volkswagen dealership in Delhi is committed to delivering not only vehicles but also a full suite of services that elevate the customer experience. From dedicated sales representatives to certified service technicians, the dealership offers a range of services that ensure each customer’s needs are met. Volkswagen Delhi’s commitment to customer satisfaction is evident in every interaction, making it a trusted choice for Volkswagen enthusiasts.

Expert Maintenance and Genuine Parts

Maintenance is a crucial aspect of vehicle ownership, and Volkswagen Delhi offers expert servicing with genuine Volkswagen parts. Regular maintenance from certified technicians ensures that each vehicle performs at its best, while genuine parts guarantee longevity and reliability. The dealership’s state-of-the-art service center is equipped to handle everything from routine maintenance to complex repairs, ensuring your Volkswagen remains in optimal condition.

Flexible Financing and Ownership Options

Understanding that each customer has unique needs, Volkswagen Delhi provides flexible financing and leasing options. With competitive rates and personalized plans, customers can choose the best ownership experience for their financial needs. Volkswagen Delhi also offers insurance services, making the purchasing process as seamless as possible.

Experience the Volkswagen Taigun and Virtus Today at Volkswagen Delhi

For those in search of innovation, safety, and performance, the Volkswagen Taigun and Virtus are unparalleled choices. The Volkswagen showroom in Delhi offers an immersive experience where customers can explore these vehicles in detail, speak with expert consultants, and take a test drive. The Taigun and Virtus represent Volkswagen’s dedication to providing vehicles that excel in every aspect, from design to performance to safety.

Whether you're a longtime Volkswagen enthusiast or new to the brand, visiting Volkswagen Delhi is the best way to discover what makes these vehicles exceptional. With a focus on customer satisfaction, quality, and innovation, Volkswagen Delhi ensures that every customer leaves with not just a vehicle but an experience that reflects Volkswagen’s commitment to excellence.

[nepalenergyforum]

Nepal Generates Rs 12.72 Billion in Four Months Through Electricity Exports to India

KATHMANDU, Nov: Nepal sold electricity worth Rs 12.72 billion to India during the first four months of the current fiscal year 2024/25. Thet Nepal Electricity Authoriy (NEA) has earned revenue by exporting Rs 1.68 billion units of electricity to India during the months of Shrawan (mid-July to mid-August), Bhadra (mid-August to mid-September), Ashoj (mid-September to mid-October), and Kartik…

[dh5ryxhgbctgr]

India HVDC Converter Station Market Situation and Forecasting Trends Analysis 2024 - 2032

The India HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) converter station market is a critical component of the country’s evolving energy infrastructure. As India aims to enhance its electricity transmission capabilities and integrate renewable energy sources, HVDC technology plays a vital role in addressing the challenges of modern power systems. This article explores the dynamics of the HVDC converter station market in India, focusing on key drivers, challenges, and future trends.

Market Overview

Definition of HVDC Converter Stations

HVDC converter stations are facilities that convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and vice versa. This technology is particularly advantageous for long-distance power transmission, reducing energy losses and enabling the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid. HVDC systems are essential for modernizing power transmission networks, enhancing stability, and improving overall efficiency.

Market Size and Growth

The HVDC converter station market in India is experiencing significant growth, driven by increasing electricity demand and a robust focus on renewable energy integration. The government's initiatives to modernize the power infrastructure and promote sustainable energy sources have further fueled this market's expansion.

Key Drivers of Market Growth

Increasing Energy Demand

India’s rapid economic growth and urbanization have resulted in soaring energy demand. The government’s commitment to ensuring reliable power supply has led to substantial investments in HVDC technology to enhance transmission capacity and reliability.

Renewable Energy Integration

India is one of the world leaders in renewable energy adoption, particularly in solar and wind power. HVDC technology enables efficient integration of these renewable sources into the national grid, facilitating the transport of electricity from remote generation sites to consumption centers.

Government Initiatives and Policies

The Indian government has launched several initiatives aimed at promoting the development of HVDC technology. Policies such as the National Electricity Policy and the National Renewable Energy Policy encourage investments in HVDC projects, facilitating the transition to a more sustainable energy landscape.

Types of HVDC Converter Stations in the Market

Line Commutated Converter (LCC)

LCC technology is the traditional HVDC technology used for long-distance transmission. It operates using thyristors to convert AC to DC and is commonly employed in high-capacity transmission lines. LCC systems are known for their robustness and efficiency in transmitting large volumes of power over long distances.

Voltage Source Converter (VSC)

VSC technology is a more recent development in HVDC systems, utilizing IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) technology for power conversion. VSCs are more flexible and can operate under varying grid conditions, making them ideal for connecting renewable energy sources and enhancing grid stability.

Market Segmentation

By Application

Long-Distance Power Transmission

Renewable Energy Integration

Grid Interconnections

Industrial Applications

By Technology Type

Line Commutated Converter (LCC)

Voltage Source Converter (VSC)

By Region

Northern India

Western India

Southern India

Eastern India

Challenges Facing the Market

High Initial Investment

The capital required for HVDC converter station projects is substantial, which can deter potential investors and limit market entry for new players. This high initial cost is a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of HVDC technology.

Technical Complexity

The technical intricacies involved in designing, implementing, and maintaining HVDC systems require specialized knowledge and skills. The lack of adequate expertise in the industry can hinder the successful deployment of HVDC converter stations.

Regulatory and Policy Challenges

While the Indian government has made strides in promoting HVDC technology, regulatory hurdles and inconsistent policies can pose challenges for project development. Streamlined regulations and supportive policies are essential to facilitate market growth.

Future Trends

Increased Investment in Renewable Integration

As India continues to expand its renewable energy capacity, investments in HVDC technology will be crucial for effectively transmitting this power. The integration of HVDC systems will enable the efficient transport of renewable energy from remote generation sites to urban centers.

Advancements in Technology

Ongoing advancements in HVDC technology, including improvements in converter efficiency and reliability, will drive market growth. Innovations such as modular multilevel converters (MMC) and enhanced control systems will further optimize performance.

Focus on Smart Grids

The development of smart grid technologies will complement the growth of HVDC systems. Enhanced communication and automation capabilities will improve grid management, facilitate demand response, and enhance overall system reliability.

Conclusion

The India HVDC converter station market is set for substantial growth as the country addresses its energy challenges and embraces a more sustainable future. With increasing energy demands, a commitment to renewable energy integration, and supportive government initiatives, the market presents significant opportunities for innovation and investment. By overcoming challenges related to costs, technical complexity, and regulatory frameworks, India can optimize its HVDC potential, paving the way for a more resilient and efficient energy infrastructure.

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[fplmotors]

The Tata Tiago has established itself as a compact hatchback that strikes a perfect balance between performance, comfort, and affordability. With its stylish design, advanced features, and reliable engine, the Tiago has earned a spot in the hearts of car enthusiasts. Here’s an in-depth look into what makes the Tata Tiago a fantastic choice for city drivers.

Bold and Attractive Exterior

The Tata Tiago is designed to make heads turn. With its sharp character lines, stylish dual-tone roof, and signature grille, the Tiago presents a youthful and sporty appearance. The sculpted hood, sleek headlights, and fog lamps provide the car with a modern appeal. Its compact size makes it perfect for navigating city streets, while the stylish design ensures you’ll stand out in a crowd. The aerodynamic profile not only enhances the looks but also contributes to fuel efficiency.

Interior Comfort and Space

Despite being a compact hatchback, the Tata Tiago offers a spacious cabin that can comfortably accommodate five passengers. The high-quality materials used in the interior, combined with its ergonomic layout, make it a comfortable ride for long drives and daily commutes. Features like a 7-inch touchscreen infotainment system with Android Auto and Apple CarPlay, Harman audio system, and a multifunctional steering wheel ensure that you stay connected and entertained on the go. The seats are well-cushioned, providing ample support, making every journey comfortable.

Impressive Performance

The Tata Tiago comes with a 1.2L Revotron petrol engine, delivering 86 PS of power and 113 Nm of torque. This engine is known for its refined performance and fuel efficiency, making the Tiago an ideal choice for city driving and highway cruising. The car is available in both manual and automatic transmission options, allowing drivers to choose the transmission that suits their driving style. Its smooth handling and responsive steering ensure a pleasurable driving experience, while the well-tuned suspension soaks up bumps and uneven roads with ease.

Safety Features

Safety is a top priority for Tata Motors, and the Tiago is no exception. It comes equipped with dual front airbags, ABS with EBD, rear parking sensors, and a rearview camera. The sturdy build and high-strength steel structure further add to its safety quotient. The Tiago has also achieved a 4-star safety rating in the Global NCAP crash test, making it one of the safest cars in its segment.

Fuel Efficiency

The Tata Tiago is known for its impressive fuel efficiency, which is one of the most important factors for city drivers. With an ARAI-certified mileage of 19.8 km/l for the petrol variant, the Tiago helps you save money on fuel while also reducing your carbon footprint. The efficient engine and lightweight construction of the car contribute to its excellent fuel economy.

Variants and Pricing

The tata tiago on road price in chennai is available in multiple variants, allowing customers to choose a model that fits their needs and budget. From the base XE variant to the fully-loaded XZ+ variant, there’s a Tiago for everyone. The pricing of the Tata Tiago is also competitive, starting at around ₹5.60 lakh (ex-showroom), making it one of the most affordable hatchbacks with premium features in the Indian market.

Final Verdict

The tata tiago on road price in chennai stands out as a well-rounded compact hatchback that offers style, comfort, safety, and excellent performance. Its competitive pricing, combined with the host of features it offers, makes it a value-for-money proposition. Whether you’re a first-time car buyer or looking for an upgrade, the Tiago is a choice you won’t regret.

[kpigreenenergy]

The Economic Impact of Solar Power Projects in India

With advancements in solar power India is making significant progress, and we are witnessing tremendous growth in solar energy investment. The installed solar power capacity growth rate nearly quadrupled from 2018 to 2021, reaching a record of over 40 gigawatts in 2021. By 2022, the total installed solar capacity rose to around 63 gigawatts.

To meet the projected capacity for 2030, installed capacity must increase by more than four times its current level. In India, energy demand is rapidly increasing as the country develops quickly.

Industrial expansion and population development necessitate increasing amounts of energy. Traditional energy sources like coal are becoming more unsustainable and uneconomical, and the ecologically acceptable option turned out to be solar power.

How Does the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) Operate as an Economic Catalyst?

The Indian Economic Survey has introduced a section on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Climate Change, highlighting their growing importance. This is the first time that such a focus has been included in the survey. The section details India's initiatives towards achieving SDGs, showcasing significant success stories, particularly in SDG 7, which emphasizes affordable and renewable energy.

Some of the job opportunities available in the solar industry include manufacturing industries, architecture, building sales, and project development.

States such as Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh are developing solar job centers.

Moreover, average monthly incomes in solar energy benefits for medium and large industries are around 20% higher than those in the rest of the sector. Thus, the clean energy transition will provide India's growing working-age population with jobs that are stable and profitable in nature.

Most notably, India has set a goal to reach net zero emissions by 2070. In the last few years, India has stepped up solar power projects and wind power investments and done that simultaneously with an announcement of development plans for local renewable energy supply chains.

Solar Energy Investment India Updates 2024

Renewable energy producers like KPI Green Energy Limited are making sure to make the most of the solar power. KPI Green Energy Limited has established 66 KV and 11 KV transmission lines for evacuation of the solar power generated from their solar plants.

The recent developments in solar power projects are the following:

An investing platform PYSE has established India's first fractionally owned solar power facility in Karnataka. The platform enables individual investors to participate in sustainable initiatives that have social and environmental consequences with a ticket size of as little as Rs 5,000.

Sterling and Wilson Renewable Energy Limited (SWREL) has secured an order worth 550 crore for a solar project in Rajasthan.

AXITEC has opened its latest production facility in Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, maximizing the production by 330 MV.

ENGIE has signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) for a 200-MW solar plant as part of Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam's (GUVNL).

Avaada Group's affiliate, Avaada Energy, had obtained Rs 315 crore in funding for captive solar projects in Karnataka. Avaada Group is a leading player in renewable energy.

The Financial Impact of Solar Energy in India

1. India’s Solar Power Horizon

India's National Solar Mission has high aspirations for solar energy, intending to develop 100 GW of solar power by 2022, with ample increase in subsequent years. As of 2023, India's total solar installed capacity had topped 70 GW, adding considerably to the country's renewable energy status.

So, this rapid expansion has positioned India as one of the global leaders, taking a concrete stand for the solar power companies working diligently.

2. Job Opportunities

In turn, solar power projects create large-scale job opportunities at many stages of the production/installation, operations, and maintenance of solar energy-related facilities.

Since the demand for such installations has increased in the areas around the country, the number of individuals needed for that work, primarily in electrical engineering, construction, management, and maintenance, has skyrocketed.

Employment in rural areas, especially concerning large-scale solar installations, is booming, and the money stays in the community.

Solar power companies also promote indirect employment through the supply chain, transport, equipment manufacture, and material acquisition. As the solar power industry expands, so does the need for adjacent sectors, creating an ecosystem that encourages sustainable growth.

3. Infrastructure Development

Rural Electrification: One of the most important advantages of solar power projects in India is rural electrification. In many villages in India, and particularly in places such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Rajasthan, there is little access to the national power grid. Off-grid solar solutions, including solar lighting and house systems, have greatly improved the quality of life in these areas. They provide reliable, clean energy, enabling schools, hospitals, and commercial enterprises to function efficiently.

Growth in Industries: As the number of solar projects grows, so do supporting sectors like battery storage, inverters, and solar panel manufacturing. This promotes future industrial growth and supports Make in India efforts.

What are the Cost Challenges of Solar Energy Investment in India?

High initial capital costs

One of the major hurdles against the growth of solar energy is the expensive cost involved in installing it.

Solar power plants, more so mega-scale solar farms, require significant investments like

Solar Panels

Balance of System

Inverter units

Lot of Space

Storage of energy costs

Electricity storage technologies (such as batteries) are required to maintain a steady supply of electricity, particularly on cloudy days or at night. However, the cost of effective, large-scale energy storage options remains quite expensive.Grid Integration Costs

Integration of the current electric system with solar power would present logistical and economic challenges.

It will require more such infrastructure, like grid stabilization devices and smart grid technology, to smooth out the unpredictable and intermittent nature of solar energy.

These infrastructure renovations and expansions carry a high price tag, especially for utilities and governments.Land Acquisition and Usage Costs.

Extremely large-scale solar farms require huge areas of land, with a consequence being significant costs in areas where land is costly or highly sought after for agricultural or housing purposes.

It includes:

Land-use conflicts

Legal and regulatory fees

Why KPI Green Energy?

The challenges are possible along with the benefits of dealing with solar power India. The question is what brand offers those solutions? KPI Green Energy Ltd understands the necessity of improving solar energy solutions. As the Best Solar Power Company in Gujarat, we are dedicated to accelerating the adoption of industrial solar power plants in Surat and beyond.

Moreover, our captive power plant and The Role of Independent Power Producers in Solar Energy schemes offer the services of establishing solar power plants or also offer solar energy to organizations who do not want to set up the whole plants. If you are also looking to switch to green energy to save huge on electricity, reach us at info@kpgroup.co

[dicabselectrical]

DICABS’ Advanced Cable Solutions for the Power Industry

DICABS stands as one of India’s largest and most integrated manufacturers of power transmission equipment, as well as a leading provider of turnkey services. Our state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities, combined with a team of highly skilled professionals and a track record of pioneering new technologies, have positioned us as a leader in the power transmission and distribution (T&D) sector.

We play a pivotal role in powering India's growth, offering comprehensive solutions across the entire power transmission and distribution value chain. Our extensive product portfolio covers 80% of the infrastructure needs in the T&D industry. With groundbreaking innovations, we have significantly expanded our range of products and services, continuously pushing the boundaries of excellence.

Our in-house manufacturing capabilities span cables, conductors, and transmission towers, offering tailored solutions for various applications:

Cables 

LV Cables - Manufactured in our advanced facility for voltage grades up to 1.1 kV, meeting both Indian and international standards.

HV Cables - Produced in our sophisticated plant for voltage grades up to 33 kV, in compliance with Indian and global standards.

EHV Cables - Our EHV cables, ranging from 66 kV to 400 kV, are crafted in one of the most modern manufacturing facilities, adhering to Indian and international regulations. 

Control Cables - We provide a diverse range of control cables designed for precise power transmission and regulation. These are essential in industrial machinery, HVAC systems and other control applications, ensuring smooth operations across components.

Solar Cables - Specifically engineered for photovoltaic (PV) systems, our solar cables ensure reliable power transmission under harsh outdoor conditions for both residential and industrial solar installations.

Fire Survival/ Resistant Cables - In fire emergencies, the use of fire-resistant and non-halogenated cables is critical in minimising risks posed by smoke, heat and toxic fumes, ensuring safer evacuation processes. 

Communication Cables - Our communication cables enable seamless data transmission across platforms. We offer high-performance solutions including CCTV cables, Telephone cables, CAT 6 UTP cables and Coaxial cables. 

Marine and Offshore Cables - We specialise in high-performance marine and offshore cables, designed for durability and performance in demanding environments through continuous technological advancements.

Single and Multi-Core Cables - Our Single & Multi-Core Flexible Copper Cables are widely used in low-voltage applications such as motors, control panels, DC transformers, battery cables, and electrical appliances.

Instrumentation Cables - Designed to meet the stringent demands of industries like power generation, chemical production, and engineering, our instrumentation cables support accurate measurement, monitoring, and control of industrial processes.

DICABS is one of the leading transmission line cable manufacturers and continues to set new benchmarks in quality and innovation. To explore our full range of products and services, visit our website https://dicabs.com/

[khivrajmotors]

Pulsar Bajaj NS 400 An exciting journey for today's cyclists

Both recreational riders and motorcycle enthusiasts have a great deal of interest in the Bajaj Pulsar NS 400 model. This is a performance-style bike with a lot of muscle, a powerful engine, and many other features that make it the perfect choice for any serious rider. To help you better understand the Pulsar NS 400, we will discuss important technical facts, riding tips, and answers to some commonly asked questions in this blog.

An Synopsis of the Pulsar NS 400

The bajaj pulsar ns 400 is the most recent model in the range of pulsars that have been available in the Indian market. With its strong style and modern features aimed at a variety of riders, including novices and experts, the NS 400 stands out from the competition.

Important Details

Engine: The 373.2 cc single cylinder, liquid-cooled, four-stroke engine of the Pulsar NS 400 produces a maximum torque of about 35 Nm at 6,500 rpm and approximately 39.5 horsepower at 8,000 rpm. The 6-speed transmission that comes with this engine allows for flexible acceleration and smooth gear changes.

Performance: The target market for this motorbike is enthusiasts of fast speeds, with a maximum speed of roughly 160 km/h. The bike is among the most efficient in its class because it can speed to a maximum distance of 100 km in seven seconds.

Design: The bajaj pulsar ns 400 has an aggressive look with sharp lines, a large fuel tank, and sporty headlamps. It has a computerized instrument cluster that shows vital details including gear position, speed, and fuel level.

Brakes and Suspension: The NS 400's handling is equipped with a 300mm-diameter front disc brake and a 230mm-diameter rear disc brake to guarantee strong stopping power. The bike's perimeter frame, telescopic front forks, and monoshock rear suspension let it ride comfortably on rough and difficult terrain.

Experience Riding

Navigating on the bajaj pulsar ns 400 is even more fun than it typically is. These bikes are reasonably rider-friendly, comfy for daily riding, and capable of handling longer rides as well. These engines provide a respectable power output, which makes them ideal for overtaking and rapid acceleration with superb throttle response. These bikes have good handling, so riders can maneuver through traffic with ease.

Advanced Features

The Pulsar NS 400 is packed with features that enhance its appeal:

Fuel Efficiency: The bike has a 12-liter gasoline tank, but despite this, it gets about 30-35 km/l of mileage and isn't as fuel-guzzling as other bikes in its performance class.

Safety Features:The dual data ABS braking system on this bike makes stopping effortless, even on wet surfaces.

Lighting: The product's headlamp is equipped with full-LEDs to increase riding safety, particularly at night.

FAQs About Pulsar 400 NS 

1. How much does the Bajaj Pulsar NS 400 cost?

The Bajaj Pulsar NS 400's pricing ranges from INR 1.75 to 2.00 lakh, contingent upon the model and geographic area. Prices might change as a result of extra accessories and dealership promotions.

2. Is the Pulsar NS 400 good for beginners?

Although the Pulsar NS 400 is easy for novice riders to handle, riders with some prior riding expertise will benefit more from its power and performance.

3. What shades of the Pulsar NS 400 are available?

With the Pulsar NS 400 coming in black, blue, and red, riders can select the color that most fits their personal style.

4. In what ways does the Pulsar NS 400 differ from its rivals?

The Pulsar NS 400 competes with motorcycles like the KTM Duke 390 and the TVS Apache RR 310. While all these bikes offer great performance, the NS 400 is often praised for its balanced blend of power, comfort, and affordability.

Conclusion

The Bajaj Pulsar NS 400 under evaluation is a model that satisfies every requirement pertaining to the motorcycle's performance and stylish elements. Featuring a strong engine, functional options, and a sharp look, it conquers the most important niche of motorcycle consumers. The NS 400 promises an exciting ride that is rare to come by, making it an excellent choice for riders who are either weekend warriors or everyday commuters. Thus, the Bajaj Pulsar NS 400 is a motorcycle to take into consideration if you're hoping to get one that will thrill you with its speed and low price. Enjoy your ride!

For more information: See More About Bajaj Pulsar NS 400 on Road Price.

[atplblog]

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