#IRFEST2020_FINLAND_UN101

[geraldzgm]

UN 101 : Brief Summary

Gerald Zefanya Ginting Munthe_029_Finland

The name "United Nations", coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt was first used in the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers. In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States in August-October 1944. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 Member States. The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and by a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.

The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded.

The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN. All 193 Member States of the UN are represented in the General Assembly, making it the only UN body with universal representation. Each year, in September, the full UN membership meets in the General Assembly Hall in New York for the annual General Assembly session, and general debate. The General Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year term of office.

The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. It has 15 Members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members). Each Member has one vote. Under the Charter, all Member States are obligated to comply with Council decisions. The Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression. The Security Council has a Presidency, which rotates, and changes, every month.

The Economic and Social Council is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals. It serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN system and its specialized agencies in the economic, social and environmental fields, supervising subsidiary and expert bodies. It has 54 Members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms.

The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter, under Chapter XIII, to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed under the administration of seven Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government.

Membership in the Organization, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, “is open to all peace-loving States that accept the obligations contained in the United Nations Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able to carry out these obligations”. States are admitted to membership in the United Nations by decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

The procedure is briefly as follows:

1. The State submits an application to the Secretary-General and a letter formally stating that it accepts the obligations under the Charter.

2. The Security Council considers the application. Any recommendation for admission must receive the affirmative votes of 9 of the 15 members of the Council, provided that none of its five permanent members — China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America — have voted against the application.

3. If the Council recommends admission, the recommendation is presented to the General Assembly for consideration. A two-thirds majority vote is necessary in the Assembly for admission of a new State.

4. Membership becomes effective the date the resolution for admission is adopted.

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Summary UN 101

Diaz Zulfa Farida Aini - 072011233019 - Finland

PBB (Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa) atau United Nations (UN) merupakan aktor hubungan internasional paling berpengaruh dalam menciptakan perdamaian dunia. PBB merupakan kelanjutan dari LBB (Liga Bangsa Bangsa) yang gagal dalam menciptakan perdamaian pasca Perang Dunia Pertama. Pada tanggal 1 Januari 1942 Franklin D. Roosevelt memberi istilah United Nations khusus untuk negara-negara aliansi sekutu bukan dalam artian sebagai negara-negara yang bersatu. Terbentuknya PBB melalui beberapa konferensi untuk menyusun Piagam PBB terlebih dahulu oleh 26 negara yang merupakan negara-negara sekutu Amerika Serikat, Inggris, dan Uni Soviet. Secara resmi PBB berdiri pada tanggal 24 Oktober 1945 dan pada tanggal 26 Juni 1945, 50 negara ikut menandatangani piagam PBB dan bergabung dengan PBB. Hingga sekarang ini total ada 193 negara yang ikut bergabung menjadi kenggotaan PBB.

Seyogyanya sebuah organisasi pada umumnya, PBB memiliki badan-badan dibawahnya yang masih berada di lingkup kepengurusan PBB itu sendiri. Badan-badan tersebut memiliki aturan tersendiri dalam menjalin hubungan antar satu organisasi dengan yang lainnya. Secara sederhana sistem dalam PBB memiliki 6 badan utama yaitu, International Court of Justice, Security Council, General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship, dan Secretariat. Keenam badan utama tersebut membawahi banyak badan-badan kecil yang sesuai masing-masing bidangnya. Sistem badan-badan kecil tersebut lebih kompleks jika dibandingkan dengan 6 badan utama. Secretariat, pada dasarnya mirip dengan Badan Pengurus Harian (BPH) dibawah mandat Majelis Umum PBB. Majelis Umum PBB memiliki 6 komite, yaitu DISEC (Disarmament and International Security), Economic & Financial, SOCHUM (Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural), SPECPOL (Special Politic and Decolonization), Administrative & Budgetary, dan Legal. Security Council (SC) memiliki tanggung jawab utama untuk pemeliharaan keamanan dan perdamaian dunia. Security Council memiliki 15 anggota (5 permanen dan 10 tidak permanen). 5 anggota permanen memiliki hak veto yakni negara Amerika, Inggris, Perancis, China, dan Rusia. Security Council dapat menjatuhkan sanksi atau bahkan mengizinkan penggunaan militer untuk mempertahankan atau memulihkan perdamaian dan keamanan dunia. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) adalah badan utama untuk koordinasi, tinjauan kebijakan, dialog kebijakan, dan rekomendasi ekonomi, sosial, dan isu lingkungan serta implementasi tujuan pembangunan yang disepakati secara internasional. ECOSOC memiliki 54 anggota. International Court of Justice (ICJ) yaitu badan peradilan utama PBB yang memiliki peran untuk menyelesaikan sengketa hukum yang diajukan oleh suatu negara dan untuk memberikan pendapat serta nasihat tentang pernyataan hukum yang dirujuk oleh badan-badan PBB yang berwenang. Trusteeship Council dibentuk pada tahun 1945, digunakan untuk memberikan pengawasan internasional kepada 11 wilayah perwalian yang telah ditempatkan dibawah administrasi 7 negara anggota dan juga memastikan bahwa langkah-langkah yang diambil untuk mempersiapkan wilayah untuk pemerintahan sendiri dan kemerdekaan. Akan tetapi council ini sudah tidak aktif lagi sejak tahun 1994.

Semua negara di dunia bisa bergabung menjadi keanggotaan PBB, namun untuk dapat diterima suatu negara harus melewati 4 proses. Proses yang pertama yaitu submission, pada tahap ini suatu negara mengajukan dan mengirimkan surat kepada sekjen. Proses kedua yaitu review by SC untuk memastikan rekam jejak negara tersebut. Proses ketiga yaitu vote in General Assembly, suara mayoritas 2/3 diperlukan untuk penerimaan negara baru. Proses yang terakhir adalah admission, keanggotaan mulai berlaku sejak resolusi penerimaan diadopsi. Anggota spesial PBB (The Permanent Observers), terdiri dari dua tipe, yaitu non-member state dan International Government Organization dan organisasi lainnya. Non-member state adalah negara yang menerima undangan tetap untuk berpartisipasi sebagai pengamat dalam sidang dan lainnya, contohnya seperti, Holy See dan Palestina. Sedangkan IGO & organisasi lainnya bisa juga menjadi pengamat pada sidang tahunan General Assembly dan pekerjaan lainnya, contohnya seperti ASEAN, Red Cross, International Olympic Committee, dan lain sebagainya. Terdapat dua kategori dari sub-membership PBB, kategori pertama ada permanent members dan non-permanent members, sedangkan kategori kedua ada council dan non-council member states.

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UN 101: Summary

Rifqi Dirga Syahputra_072011233116_Finland_SummaryUN101

United Nations as The World’s Guardian

United Nations (UN) itself is a continuation of the failed League of Nations, which the previous duty was to prevent another conflict such as The Great War back in 1914 until 1918. On 1st January 1942, President of The United States, Franklin D Roosevelt proposed the United Nations to other countries in order to annihilate the Axis power such as Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan. There were 26 countries who gathered in Washington D.C to sign the declaration of United Nations. On 26th June 1945, the UN charter was signed by 50 countries around the world except for Poland. The first to sign was China and the last was United States of America (USA). UN is Headquartered in New York 10017 United States. The First Secretary General of the UN was Gladwyn Jebb and the first elected Secretary General of the UN was Trygve Lie. Currently there are 193 countries members in the United Nations and South Sudan was the last join the UN until now.

The United Nations General Assembly or people often call it as UNGA hold the UN meeting with the members in the UN HQ. The meetings itself are divided into two sessions. First, the Regular Sessions which discussing general topics and as a chance for representatives of member states to take part about an issue which they think as an important one. The meetings are annually held on Tuesday of the third week of September and it ends on a designated date at the start of the session. Second, the Special Sessions that initiated by UN member states, Security Council, or the UNGA. The meetings for these sessions are notified within two weeks before the opening by the Security Council and ten days if summoned by member states or the UNGA. If the meetings themselves are really emergency, the meetings will be notified one day prior the opening. The flow of the meetings usually starts by the address from the Secretary General. Then, address by the president of the UN and address by the Heads of State members. After that, the debate session in the meeting. In the end, the voting starts. In order to begin the meetings, there must be at least a third of the member states present in the meetings. In the other hand, to start the important decisions, they must be voted by at least two-third of the member states. Each member state has only one right to vote in the meetings. There is an exception for the Security Council, because there’s a right called as Veto right for the permanent members which are USA, United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia. If any one of them use the Veto right and cast a negative vote, the decision will fail in the end.

The United Nations are composed by six organs. First, the General Assembly as the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN. It consists of 193 member states and hold meetings in September. The UNGA is composed by six committees which are Disarmament & International Security, the second committee is Economic and Financial, SOCHUM, Special Political, Decolonization Administrative and Budgetary, and Legal. Second, the Security Council as a council which has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. It composed of five permanent members (USA, UK, France, Russia, and China) and ten non-permanent members. It also Can impose sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security. Thirdly, Economic and Social Council as the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals. It consisted of 54 countries selected by the UNGA every three years. Fourth, International Court of Justice as the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals and its seat Peace Palace is located in Hague, Netherland. Fifth, Trusteeship Council which was established in 1945 by the UN charter. It used to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories and ensuring the adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence. Lastly, The Secretariat who does the administrative and substantive work of the UN under the command and order of the UNGA, UNSC, and the other organs. The Secretary General is the one who provides guidance for the administrative work.

United Nations is one of the largest IGOs in the world because the member states consisting of mostly all countries around the world. In order to be accepted as one of the member states in UN, they must pass some processes first. First, submission which the countries that wish to join must send a formal letter and application letter to the UNGA. Second, the review which is done by the Security Council to be given an admission recommendation. Third, the vote where the UNGA get the admission from the Security Council and the voting takes place in the UNGA meetings. Lastly, when the admission is accepted, the country will officially become an active member of the United Nations. The permanent observers are called as special membership in the UN. The two permanent observers are mom-member states and IGOs. Holy See and State of Palestine are the current non-member states, because their status as a state is still unclear. But they are recognized as special members by the UNGA. Besides, organizations like Red Cross, European Union, and ASEAN are considered as special members and granted permission to attend the meetings by the General Assembly.

From the presentation of the material above regarding the United Nations, we can conclude that the UN has a long history in its establishment. Then, the UN also consists of six organs that contribute to each other's world. Apart from that, there are also ways for the UN to carry out its sessions to solve world problems. Finally, the UN also has a membership that belongs to several parties and countries, and the way a country becomes a member of the United Nations is not something easy, but must go through several processes or stages. So far, the UN has been the guardian of world peace until now, so that many problems have been resolved by the United Nations and in the future the UN has prepared agendas to protect our beloved earth.

[nailahsyauqi]

UN Summary

Nailah Syauqi Awwalun - 072011233085 - Finland

           United Nations is the continuation of League of Nations which failed to subdue conflict during Great Wars. On 1st January 1942, the term ‘united nations’ coined by Franklin D. Roosevelt as a remark for countries joined to combat Axis power. Soon 26 allied countries including sponsors (US, UK, USSR) gathered in Washington D.C to sign the declaration of United Nations whose initial purpose was to dissolve Axis power. Over past few years these 26 states held several meetings to draft a post-war charter intended to build strong institution with main initiatives to gain perpetual peace and reduce conflict around the world.

           The UN system is based on five principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the International Court of Justice and the UN Secretariat. A sixth principal organ, the Trusteeship Council, suspended operations on 1 November 1994, upon the independence of Palau, the last remaining UN trustee territory. Four of the five principal organs are located at the main UN Headquarters in New York City. The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague, while other major agencies are based in the UN Offices at Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. Other UN institutions are located throughout the world. The six official languages of the UN, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish. 

           The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN. All 193 Member States of the UN are represented in the General Assembly. Security Council, it has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security.  It has 15 Members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members). Economic and Social Council, the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals. It has 54 Members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms. Trusteeship Council, it was established to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed under the administration of seven Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence. But, the council suspended operation on 1 November 1994. International Court of Justice, it's the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It has 15 judges from different countries, elected by both the UNGA and the UNSC for nine-year terms. Secretariat, it comprises the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of international UN staff members who carry out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the Organization's other principal organs.

           The UN Secretariat is headed by the secretary-general, assisted by the deputy secretary-general and a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by UN bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies. The secretary-general is appointed by the General Assembly, after being recommended by the Security Council, where the permanent members have veto power. There are no specific criteria for the post, but over the years it has become accepted that the post shall be held for one or two terms of five years. The current Secretary General is António Guterres, who replaced Ban Ki-moon in 2017.

           With the addition of South Sudan 14 July 2011, there are 193 UN member states, including all undisputed independent states apart from Vatican City. The UN Charter outlines the rules for membership:

Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states that accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.

The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

           In addition, there are two non-member observer states of the United Nations General Assembly: the Holy See (which holds sovereignty over Vatican City) and the State of Palestine. The Cook Islands and Niue, both states in free association with New Zealand, are full members of several UN specialized agencies and have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognized by the Secretariat.

           The General Assembly meets annually in a regular session that opens on the third Tuesday of September, and runs until the following September. Sessions are held at United Nations Headquarters in New York unless changed by the General Assembly by a majority vote. Other than that, there's also a session called special sessions (UNGASS). It may be convened in three different ways, at the request of the Security Council, at the request of a majority of United Nations members States or by a single member, as long as a majority concurs. Special sessions typically cover one single topic and end with the adoption of one or two outcome documents, such as a political declaration, action plan or strategy to combat said topic. They are also typically high-level events with participation from heads of state and government, as well as by government ministers. There have been 30 special sessions in the history of the United Nations. In the event that the Security Council is unable, usually due to disagreement among the permanent members, to come to a decision on a threat to international peace and security, the General Assembly may call an emergency special session in order to make appropriate recommendations to Members States for collective measures. This power was given to the Assembly in Resolution 377(V) of 3 November 1950.

Bibliography

United Nations. About the UN. https://www.un.org/en [online]. Accessed October 14th 2020.

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UN 101: Summary

Rabiah Labiba_072011233057_Finland_SummaryUN101

History of UN United Nations is the continuation of League of Nations which failed to subdue conflict during Great Wars. On 1st January 1942, the term ‘United Nations’ coined by Franklin D. Roosevelt as a remark for countries joined to combat Axis Power. Soon 26 allied countries including sponsors (US,UK,USSR) gathered in Washington D.C to sign declaration of UN whose initial purpose was to dissolve Axis Power. On 26th June 1945, UN Charter was signed by 50 states. Then, Poland signed the charter and became the 51 member of UN. The purpose of this organization is to takes care of several things such as human rights, food production, set peace, security, dismarment, health emergency, gender equality, etc.

The United Nations has key bodies that were founded in 1945 along with the formation of the United Nations. These main organs are (1) the General Assembly (GA), a forum represented in the GA by all 193 UN Member States. These main organs are (1) the General Assembly (GA), a forum represented in the GA by all 193 UN Member States. The GA is held in New York every year in September for the annual GA session and general debate that is attended by many heads of state. The GA also elects the GA President to serve a term in office of one year. (2) The Security Council (SC) is responsible for ensuring the protection of international peace and security. The SC consists of 15 members, 5 permanent members and 10 non-permanent members. In assessing the presence of a threat to peace or an act of violence, the SC takes the lead. (3) The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), under the name of ECOSOC, specializing in the economic , social and environmental fields, supervising subsidiaries and expert bodies. ECOSOC has a membership of 54 and is elected by the GA for a term of three years.(4) The Trusteeship Council guarantees that sufficient measures have been taken to plan the territories for independence and self-government. By 1994, self-government or democracy had been obtained by all Trust Regions, and the Council suspended its activities on 1 November 1994.(5) The International Court of Justice ( ICJ) is responsible for resolving legal disputes referred to it by States, in accordance with international law, and for providing advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by the United Nations bodies. (6) The UN Secretariat is the body which carries out the daily work of the UN mandated by the GA and other bodies. As mentioned, the GA is a platform where member state members will share their thoughts on certain issues. There are two types of sessions in the GA, and there are daily sessions where the meetings address general issues and take place annually on the third week of September on Tuesday and conclude on a set date. Special sessions are also held where the meetings initiated by the UN Member State, the SC or the GA are informed two weeks before the conference, if summoned by the SC and then days if summoned by the GA, but the conference is informed one day before the opening if there is an emergency. In its discussion, the UNGA has a flow consisting of (in order) an address by Secgen, an address by the President, a speech by the Heads of State, a debate session and, finally, a vote.

Each nation may consider joining the UN, but there are certain procedures that need to be undertaken in order to be an official member. Next, the State is expected to make an application to the SC and a letter indicating that the State recognizes the Charter 's obligations. Second, the SC will be evaluating the submission. In this case, the recommendation for admission must receive the affirmative votes of 9 of the 15 members of the Council and none of the permanent members must oppose the application. Third, after the council recommends admission, the recommendation will be presented in the GA for consideration and there will be vote taken where the two-thirds majority vote is necessary in the assembly for admission of a new State. Forth, the date on which the resolution for entry is accepted, after

[rakhmirosady]

UN 101

Rakhmi Ayu H.R_049_Finland

PBB (Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa) merupakan aktor paling berpengaruh dalam hubungan internasional. Dalam sejarahnya, PBB dibentuk untuk melanjutkan Liga Bangsa-bangsa. Pada tanggal 1 Januari 1942, Franklin D Roosevelt memberi istilah ‘ Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa’ sebagai ungkapan bagi negara-negara yang tergabung dalam kekuatan perang. Setelah itu, 26 negara sekutu termasuk negara sponsor (Amerika, Inggris, dan Uni Soviet) berkumpul di washington D.C untuk menandatangani deklarasi PBB. Beberapa tahun kemudian, 26 negara menggelar pertemuan untuk menyusun piagam pasca perang yang bertujuan untuk membangun institusi yang kuat dengan inisiatif utama untuk mencapai perdamaian abadi dan mengurangi konflik di dunia. Pada tanggal 26 Juni 1945, piagam PBB ditandatangani oleh 50 negara. Cina merupakan negara pertama yang menandatangani piagam PBB dan Amerika merupakan negara terakhir yang menandatangani piagam PBB. PBB berkantor pusat di New York dan memiliki anggota 193 negara. Sekjen pertama PBB yaitu Gladwyn Jebb yang berasal dari Inggris dan Sekjen terpilih pertama yaitu Trygve Lie berasal dari Norwegia. Sekjen PBB sekarang adalah Antonio Guterres berasal dari Portugal. Negara yang terakhir bergabung dengan PBB adalah sudan selatan. UNGA yang baru saja digelar oleh PBB yaitu pada tanggal 15 – 30 September 2020. Konferensi PBB tentang manusia dan lingkungan di Stochkolm tahub 1972 menandai isu lingkungan menjadi agenda PBB.

Salah satu agenda dari PBB adalah UNGA (United Nation General Assembly) meeting. Terdapat dua tipe sidang, yaitu sidang reguler dan sidang spesial. Sidang reguler mendiskusikan topik yang umum dan juga kesempatan bagi perwakilan suatu negara untuk meningkatkan perhatian tentang suatu masalah yang dianggapnya penting. Sedangkan, sidang spesial diinisiatif oleh anggota PBB, Security council, atau General assembly. Adapun alur debat di UNGA, yaitu address by SecGen, address by President, address by Heads of State, sesi debat, dan voting.

Dalam organ utama PBB terdapat 6 sistem, yaitu international Court of Justice, General Assembly, Security Council, Economic & Social Council, Trusteeship Council, dan Secretariat. Enam organ utama PBB dibentuk untuk melaksanakan tujuan dari piagam PBB ( Jalón, 2004). Secretariat merupakan pengurus harian dibawah mandat General Assembly. General Assembly merupakan konsultatif utama, pembuat kebijakan, dan perwakilan organ PBB. UNGA memiliki 6 komite, yaitu DISEC (Disarmament and International Security), economic & financial, SOCHUM (Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural), SPECPOL (Special Politic and Decolonization), administrative & budgetary, dan legal. General Assembly memiliki 193 anggota. Security council memiliki tanggung jawab utama dibawah piagam PBB, untuk pemeliharaan keamanan dan perdamaian dunia. Security council memiliki 15 anggota (5 permanen dan 10 tidak permanen). 5 anggota permanen security council memiliki hak veto. Security council dapat menjatuhkan sanksi atau bahkan mengizinkan penggunaan militer untuk mempertahankan atau memulihkan perdamaian dunia dan keamanan. Economic and social council (ECOSOC) adalah badan utama untuk koordinasi, tinjauan kebijakan, dialog kebijakan, dan rekomendasi ekonomi, sosial, dan isu lingkungan serta implementasi tujuan pembangunan yang disepakati secara internasional. ECOSOC memiliki 54 anggota. International Court of Justice (ICJ) yaitu badan peradilan utama PBB dan perannya adalah untuk menyelesaikan sengketa hukum yang diajukan oleh suatu negara dan untuk memberikan pendapat penasehat tentang pernyataan hukum yang dirujuk oleh badan-badan PBB yang berwenang dan badan-badan khusus. Trusteeship council dibentuk pada tahun 1945 oleh piagam PBB, dibawah piagam XIII. Trusteeship council digunakan untuk memberikan pengawasan internasional kepada 11 wilayah perwalian yang telah ditempatkan dibawah administrasi 7 negara anggota dan juga memastikan bahwa langkah-langkah yang diambil untuk mempersiapkan wilayah untuk pemerintahan sendiri dan kemerdekaan. Akan tetapi council ini sudah tidak aktif lagi sejak tahun 1994.

Secara umum, semua negara di dunia dapat bergabung dengan PBB, tetapi untuk dapat diterima, suatu negara perlu menjalani serangkaian proses. Suatu negara harus melewati 4 proses untuk dapat diterima menjadi anggota PBB. Proses yang pertama yaitu submission, pada tahap ini suatu negara mengajukan dan mengirimkan surat kepada sekjen. Proses kedua yaitu review by SC, tahap ini SC memastikan rekam jejak negara tersbut, seperti negara tersebut sudah benar-benar, relasi politik dengan negara lain, dan lain sebagainya. Proses ketiga yaitu vote in GA, suara mayoritas dua pertiga diperlukan dalam GA untuk penerimaan negara baru. Proses yang terakhir adalah admission, keanggotaan mulai berlaku sejak resolusi penerimaan diadopsi. Anggota spesial PBB (The Permanent Observers), terdiri dari dua tipe, yaitu non-member state dan IGO dan organisasi lainnya. Non-member state adalah negara yang menerima undangan tetap untuk berpartisipasi sebagai pengamat dalam sidang dan pekerjaan GA lainnya, contohnya seperti, Holy See dan Palestina. Sedangkan IGO & organisasi lainnya bisa juga menjadi pengamat pada sidang tahunan GA dan pekerjaan GA lainnya, contohnya seperti ASEAN, Red Cross, International Olympic Committee, dan lain sebagainya. Terdapat dua tipe dari sub-membership, yaitu permanent members & Non-permanent members dan council & Non-council member states. Organ utama dalam keanggotaan PBB ada lima, yaitu GA, SC, ICJ, ECOSOC, dan trusteeship council.

Referensi :

Jalón, Baigorri Jesús, 2004. Interpreters at The United Nations : A History. Spanyol : Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca