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chemanalyst · 3 years ago

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Emerging New Technologies in Hydrogen Peroxide

With the continuous rise in population and industrialization, the demand for Hydrogen Peroxide is gradually increasing in various end-user industries including pulp, chemical manufacturing, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, electronic, wastewater treatment and others. Sanitation and healthcare are the most crucial sectors demanding the high production of Hydrogen Peroxide. Being a valuable commodity chemical, a wide range of technologies are being developed or under development to synthesize Hydrogen Peroxide on a large scale. Due to its numerous applications in almost every aspect of human life, the method of the production of Hydrogen Peroxide is very important.

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Hydrogen Peroxide is a chemical compound which is colorless, odorless, reactive and slightly acidic in nature. It is an atom efficient, non-toxic and eco-friendly oxidant. According to the US Department of Transportation, H2O2 above 8% concentration is classified as ‘oxidizer’. It is a more powerful oxidizer than Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide and Potassium Permanganate. Hydrogen Peroxide further gives water and oxygen as degradation products depending upon the type of catalyst used in the production. Usually, 3-70% concentration of H2O2 is used in various applications such as 3% concentration is used in households, 6-7% in cosmetics/hair bleaching, around 35% as a food grade used in food packaging, 50% as a mild antiseptic to prevent infections and higher concentration up to 70% is used in the manufacturing of epoxy plasticizers, rubber chemicals, wastewater treatment, anti-corrosion, mining and bleaching applications whereas 90% or above H2O2 concentration is used in industrial applications such as components for rocket fuel, military, aerospace purposes and others. Hydrogen Peroxide can be produced by different means including chemical, enzymatic, electrochemical and photocatalytic.

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In current times, the industrial production of Hydrogen Peroxide is dominated by the anthraquinone autoxidation process. In this process, Hydrogen and Oxygen react indirectly in the presence of quinones using Palladium as a hydrogenated catalyst to yield Hydrogen Peroxide. New technologies such as microreactor technology and others are emerging to synthesize Hydrogen Peroxide in order to replace the anthraquinone process due to its complexity and multi-step nature. The direct synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from its constituent reagents is an effective way to restore the process but factors such as water formation due to thermodynamics and explosion risk can cause hindrance in the production at industrial level. These new emerging technologies possesses a high degree of reliability to directly synthesize Hydrogen Peroxide in a continuous mode.

Current Practice of Hydrogen Peroxide Manufacturing:

Industrial production of Hydrogen Peroxide is done by chemical and electrochemical methods:

Chemical Process–

Barium Peroxide is reacted with Hydrochloric acid to form Barium Chloride and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2).

The autoxidation of Hydroquinones and Hydrazobenzenes under the alkaline conditions in the presence of molecular oxygen to yield H2O2.

Chemical Autoxidation Process –

The alternate oxidation and reduction of Hydrazobenzenes to H2O

Pfleiderer, Baden Aniline and Soda Factory (BASF) performed alkaline autoxidation of hydrazobenzenes in order to form Sodium Peroxide then later hydrolyzed it to form H2O2.

Oxidation of 2-propanol is done to yield Hydrogen Peroxide through Shell process .

Electrochemical Process –

Electrolysis of Sulphuric Acid to yield H2O2.

Ammonium Peroxodisulphate is used to produce H2O2 by electrolysis in Lowenstein-Riedel process.

Drawbacks of Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide:

Due to raising concerns regarding environment and conservation of resources, the industrial manufacturing of Hydrogen Peroxide by the Autoxidation (AO) process using hydroquinones had a negative impact on environment leading to massive production of unwanted waste. The industries are about to introduce safe, benign and non-polluting processes to synthesize H2O2 by using the principles of green chemistry. Atom Efficiency (AE) and E-factor are most importantly used terms in accessing the greenness of a process. AE describes the amount of waste generated by a particular process which further determines the E-factor. AO process is highly used in the manufacturing of Hydrogen Peroxide at industrial level as it is economically feasible. But, due to the excessive use of solvents, low efficiency, and limitations on mass transfer of reactants between reactors, new technology is focusing on directly synthesizing Hydrogen Peroxide using chemical catalytic methods.

Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Chemical Catalysis –

The direct synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from H2 & O2 using noble metals such as Palladium (Pd), Platinum (Pt), Nickel (Ni), etc. that are capable of fixing hydrogen as catalyst can be accomplished in a single reactor system. This process is environment friendly as it uses the green solvents like water, ethanol or methanol. Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by chemical catalysis is an economical process due to fewer downstream operations. The process of direct synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide using chemical catalysts requires certain operating conditions such as:

Ratio of Hydrogen and Oxygen

Unwanted side reactions occur during the process of direct synthesis that reduces the productivity of Hydrogen Peroxide. First side reaction is the oxidation of H2 to H2O followed by second side reaction i.e., the reduction of H2O2 to H2O. Excess of H2 could favor the reduction of H2O2 whereas stoichiometric amounts would increase the H2O2 concentration during the synthesis. Excess of O2 compared to Hydrogen would increase the selectivity and approach of direct synthesis process. Due to the flammable nature of Hydrogen and Oxygen over a wide range of concentration, it is suitable to perform the reaction at lower rates of H2 and O2 with diluted inert gases such as Helium (He), Nitrogen (N2), Argon (Ar) or Carbon dioxide (Co2). However, Hydrogen Peroxide at any concentration is non-flammable. Many chemists and engineers found out that increase in the solubility of H2 and O2 in the reaction medium will cause better adsorption of gases on the catalytic surface which would further lead to a better yield of Hydrogen Peroxide. During the synthesis, electrochemical sensor system can be used to detect and monitor the Hydrogen Peroxide levels. The sensor is also capable to perform under high analyte concentrations and pressures.

Medium for the Reaction

The direct synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from H2 and O2 without any reaction medium in the gaseous state is considered highly dangerous as they form an explosive mixture when combined over different concentrations. Whereas the reaction to produce Hydrogen Peroxide in appropriate medium and at low temperatures can prevent explosions. Choosing the right reaction medium for the process is an important step. Water is mostly used a reaction solvent along with Ethanol and Methanol as exceptions.

Promoters

To promote the yielding of Hydrogen Peroxide for direct synthesis, special additives known as ‘promoters’ are often used in order to stabilize the Hydrogen Peroxide production. Acids such as acetic acid, Phosphoric acid, Nitric Acid, etc., and halides such as Hydrochloric Acid, Hydrobromic Acid, Hydroiodic Acid are the most used promoters. Absence of promoters or additives can either lead to more prominent water forming reaction than H2O2 forming one or subsequent reaction further forming H2O.

Reactor Design

The type of reactor used in the reaction for direct synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide is extremely important. Few often used reactors include slurry reactors, microreactors, plugged flow reactors and trickle bed reactors. The major requirement while choosing a reactor is that the vessel should withstand the high pressure. Reactor design of a microreactor consists of micro structured features with a sub millimetre dimension, where the reactions are performed in a continuous manner. However, the incorporation of metal catalysts within the capillaries for the synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide can be a drawback for a microreactor. Trickle bed reactor or a plugged flow reactor can be used to overcome Hydrogen Peroxide decomposition.

Influence of the Catalyst

Promoters such as H2SO4, NaBr, KBr and H3PO4 can influence the direct synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide by increasing the selectivity of the process. The presence of catalysts especially noble metals can help in hydrogenation and subsequent decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide to water. Palladium (Pd) catalysts are most exclusively used in the reactions in order to enhance the selectivity and productivity of the process.

Major Players

Some of the major players operating in the global Hydrogen Peroxide market are AkzoNobel N.V., BASF SE, The Dow Chemicals Company, Merck Group, Kemira Oyj, Evonik Industries, OCL Company Ltd., National Peroxide Ltd., Nouryon, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc., Aditya Birla chemicals Ltd and others.

FAQs :

What is causing a major drive in the global Hydrogen Peroxide market?

Growing demand for benign and environment friendly Hydrogen Peroxide in major end-user industries mainly in Polyurethane industries is causing a major drive in the global Hydrogen Peroxide market. Huge demand for Hydrogen Peroxide in healthcare and cosmetics sector is also likely to boost the global Hydrogen Peroxide market.

What are the challenges faced by the global Hydrogen Peroxide market?

Due to the onset of COVID-19, many manufacturing industries were impacted during the first half of 2020. Industries lacked key feedstock chemicals due to disruptions in global supply chain and plant outages initially in 2020. Due to government restrictions and lockdowns, sales and trade caused sudden decline in the manufacturing, which affected the Hydrogen Peroxide market worldwide. Limited supply of Hydrogen Peroxide to healthcare and Polyurethane industries during the crises hindered the production of Hydrogen Peroxide.

What are the drawbacks of direct synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide using chemical catalysis?

During the process, unselective reactions can lead to the production of simultaneous side products other than Hydrogen Peroxide, mainly water. The explosive nature of Hydrogen and Oxygen over a wide range of concentrations is an important parameter to keep in mind. However, it can be prevented by choosing the right reaction medium.

Which Region holds the highest share of global Hydrogen Peroxide market?

Asia Pacific region occupies the largest share in the Hydrogen Peroxide market globally followed by North America and Europe. Increasing demand for Hydrogen Peroxide in the chemical industry in China is likely to drive the global Hydrogen Peroxide market.

Conclusion:

Global Hydrogen Peroxide market has shown considerable growth in the historic period and is anticipated to grow during the forecast period. The high demand for Hydrogen Peroxide in various industries including chemical and mechanical pulp industries, chemical manufacturing, textile industries, healthcare, water and wastewater treatment, electronics, cosmetics and pharmaceutical for numerous applications will bolster the production of Hydrogen Peroxide on a large scale. The rising demand to produce Hydrogen Peroxide by using emerging technologies due to environmental concerns and other factors such as direct synthesis of H2O2 using Palladium as a chemical catalyst to enhance selectivity and productivity is all set to grab the Hydrogen Peroxide market. The major companies in the global Hydrogen Peroxide market are focusing on product innovation and research to gain a competitive edge over other key players.

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omc-juniperpublishers · 5 years ago

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Design, Synthesis of Novel Thieno [2,3-d] derivatives and their Anti-Microbial studies-JuniperPublishers

Journal of Chemistry-JuniperPublishers

Abstract

A new series of 4-Substituted/Heterocyclic -N-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl/Nitro)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzamide (8 a-j) derivatives were synthesized by a five-step procedure that afforded advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple protocol and good yields. Several Thieno [2,3-d] Pyrimidines have been prepared from methyl 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylate(1).The structures of the final compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR, EI-MS. The final compounds were screened for their anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) from Gram positive group of bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from Gram negative group of bacteria. Anti-fungal activity against Aspergillus Niger (A. Niger) and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities were Evaluated and compared with the standard drugs Such as Amoxicillin & Flucanazole. From anti-bacterial and antifungal activity screening results, it has been observed that compounds 8j, 8i, 8h and 8g possess good activity.

Keywords: Thieno [2, 3-d] Pyrimidine, Acid-amine coupling reaction, 2, 4-di chloro Thieno [2, 3-d] Pyrimidine, Anti-microbial activity

Introduction

Thieno Pyrimidine is a bi cyclic heterocyclic compound consists of a five membered thiophene ring is fused to a six membered hetero cyclic ring with two nitrogen atoms. The fusion may occur in three different orientations that results in three important types of thienopyrimidines namely;

a) Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine

b) Thieno[3,2-d]Pyrimidine and

c) Thieno[3,4-d]Pyrimidine

Most of the isomeric Thieno Pyrimidine occurs as colored amorphous form, some exists as crystalline form. Synthetic approaches for the construction of a number of Thieno Pyrimidines are well established. There exists three possible types of fusion of thiophene to Pyrimidine ring results in corresponding isomeric Thieno pyrimidines namely; (Figure 1) Thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidines (a), Thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidines (b) and Thieno [3,2-d] pyrimidines (c).

As a logical consequence of thiophene-phenyl isosterism, similarly Thieno pyrimidines can be considered as bio isosteres of quinazolines, which are extensively described in scientific and patent literature as displaying a plethora of biological activities. The synthesis of Thieno pyrimidine derivatives as potential surrogates for the quinazoline core structure has therefore, become a routine strategy in modern drug design and development. Thieno pyrimidines as isosteres of quinazolines are shown here (Figure 2). Thienopyrimidines can also be considered as structural analogues of five-membered heterocycles such as purines and thiazolo-pyrimidines. As interesting anti-HIV activity was discovered within the thiazolo [5,4-d]pyrimidine series, whereas the thiazolo[4,5-d] pyrimidines lack antiretroviral activity. The structures of purines and thiazolo pyrimidines are shown in the following (Figure 3).

Thiophene containing compounds are well known to exhibit various biological effects. Heterocycles containing the Thieno pyrimidine moiety are of interest because of their interesting pharmacological and biological activities [1-3]. They bear structural analogy and iso electronic relation to purine and several substituted Thieno [2,3-d] Pyrimidine derivatives shown to exhibit prominent and versatile biological activities [4,5]. Over the last two decades, many Thieno-pyrimidines have been found to exhibit a variety of pronounced activities. Many of their derivatives have been synthesized as potential anticancer [6], analgesic [7], antimicrobial [8,9] and antiviral agents [10].

Some reviews on Pyrimidine thiones [11] and condensed pyrimidines, namely pyrazolo-pyrimidines [12] and furo- pyrimidines [13]. Thieno-pyrimidines are interesting heterocyclic compounds and a number of derivatives of these compounds display therapeutic activity as antimicrobial [14-17], anti-viral [18-19], anti-inflammatory [20-21], anti-diabetic [22], anti-oxidant [23], anti-tumour [24-28] and anti-cancer agents [29-30], anti-depressant [31], anti-platelet [32], anti-hypertensive [33], herbicidal [34] and plant growth regulatory properties [35].

Literature survey revealed that incorporation of different groups in Thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidine Heterocyclic ring enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity. In the present communication 2,4- di chloro Thieno[2,3-d] Pyrimidine (3) was reacted with various Phenols 4(a-b) in Acetone to form 2-chloro- 4-(4-(trifluoro methyl)phenoxy)Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine (5a-b) , which was further converted in to amine by using aqueous Ammonia to form compounds (6a-b), which was reacted with different Substituted Carboxylic acids (7 a-e) under Acid-amine Coupling reaction reagent to get target compounds (8a-8j). Encouraged by the diverse biological activities of novel Thieno [2, 3-d] Pyrimidine derivatives, it was decided to prepare a new series of derivatives of Thieno [2, 3-d] Pyrimidine as a core unit. The synthesis of the compounds as per the following (Scheme 1) given below. The synthetic route was depicted in scheme 1. The structures of all synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of IR, Mass, 1H & 13C NMR spectral data analysis. Further these compounds were subjected for antifungal and antibacterial activity.

Materials and Methods

In this Investigation chemicals were purchased from local dealer with Alfa aesar & Avra labs make was used. Chemicals were 99 % pure; purity has been checked by thin layer chromatography and melting point. Conventional method has been used for synthesis of Thieno [2, 3-d] Pyrimidine derivatives. Stirring and reflux method were used for synthesis of Thieno [2, 3- d] Pyrimidine derivatives 8 (a-j) respectively. The synthetic route was depicted in (Scheme 1). The title compounds 8(a-j) were synthesized in five sequential steps using different reagents and reaction conditions, the 8(a-j) were obtained in moderate yields. The structure were established by spectral (IR, JH-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass) data (Scheme 1).

Reagents and Reaction conditions:

a) 5 eq Urea, 190OC, 3 hrs

b) POCl3, Reflux, 6 hrs

c) Sodium hydroxide in water, acetone (1:1 ratio), 080°C; 24 h

d) Aqueous Ammonia,90OC, 6hrs

e) HATU (1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3- triazolo[4,5-fr]pyridinium 3-oxide hexa fluoro phosphate), Hunig,s base (N,N-di isopropyl ethylamine) , DMF, RT,16hrs (Figure 4).

Steps:

a. The base deprotonates the carboxylic acid. The resulting carboxylate anion attacks the electron deficient carbon atom of HATU.

b. The resulting HOBt anion reacts with the newly formed activated carboxylic acid derived intermediate to form an OBt activated ester.

c. The amine reacts with the OBt activated ester to form the amide bond.

Experimental Section

All reactions were carried out under argon in oven-dried glassware with magnetic stirring. Unless otherwise noted, allmaterials were obtained from commercial suppliers and were used without further purification. All solvents were reagent grade. THF was distilled from sodium benzo phenone ketyl and degassed thoroughly with dry argon directly before use. Unless otherwise noted, organic extracts were dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered through a fitted glass funnel, and concentrated with a rotary evaporator (20-30 Torr). Flash chromatography was performed with silica gel (200-300 mesh) by using the mobile phase indicated. The NMR spectra were measured with a 400 MHz Bruker Avance spectrometer at 400.1 and 100.6 MHz, for 1H for 13C, respectively, in CDCl3 solution with tetra methyl silane as internal standard. Chemical shifts are given in ppm (δ) and are referenced to the residual proton resonances of the solvents. Proton and carbon magnetic resonance spectra (1H NMR and 13C NMR) were recorded using tetra methyl silane (TMS) in the solvent of CDCl3-d1 or DMSO-d6 as the internal standard (1H NMR: TMS at 0.00 ppm, CDCl3 at 7.26 ppm ,DMSO at 2.50 ppm; 13C NMR: CDCl3 at 77.16 ppm, DMSO at 40.00 ppm).

Synthesis

General procedure for synthesis of Thieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidine-2, 4-diol [compound (2)]

A mixture of Methyl 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylate (0.13 mol, 20g) and urea (1 mol, 60g) were mixed with each other, and the mixture was heated for two hours at 200° C. A clear, brown molten mass was formed which solidified upon standing; the solid product was dissolved in warm 1 N sodium hydroxide, and then acidified with 2 N Hydrochloric acid. The crystalline precipitate formed thereby was collected by vacuum filtration and re crystallized from Water, yielding 65% (13.8 gms) of Thieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidine-2, 4-diol.

Yield: 65% (white colour solid);

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3260(N-H Stretching], 3125(Ar C-H], N-O (1140 & 1350), 1680.50 (C=O Stretching).

1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δH 7.20 (d, 1H, J=7.1HZ), 6.98(1H, d, J=7.1HZ], 7.65(2H,d, J=7.3HZ], 8.15(2H, d, J=7.3HZ], 9.25(1H,bs], 7.91(2H,d, J=7.3 HZ], 8.95 (2H,d, J=7.3 HZ] .

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 125.5, 128.89, 130.55,133.45,141,149, 155.55, 158.8, 168.34, 172.65.

ESI-MS m/z = 394.465 [M+H] +.

N-(4-(4-nitrophenoxy) Thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (8j): (Figure 6.5.10). This compound was obtained as off-yellow solid in 70% yield. m.p. 253-256OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 740(-C-Cl), 3110(Ar C-H), 1660 (Ar C=C Stretching).

1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δH 7.65 (d, 1H, JHH = 6.5 Hz, Ar- H), 7.45 (d, JHH = 6.5 Hz, 1H, Ar-H).

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 126.92, 123.03, 126.11,153.62, 161.67, 154.75.

GC-MS: RT at 10.968 (100%), m/z = 204(M+H) +, 206(M+2),208(M+4), 9:6:1 it indicates molecule contain two chlorine atoms (Figures 5 & 6).

General procedure for synthesis of 2-chloro-4-(4- (trifluoro methyl)phenoxy)Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine (5a), 2-chloro-4-(4-nitrophenoxy) Thieno [2,3-d] Pyrimidine(5b)

5g (24.5 m.mol) 2, 4-dichloro Thieno [2, 3-d] Pyrimidine (3) dissolved in 50 ml of acetone are slowly added to a solution of 5.32g(130 m.mol) NaOH and 4g(24.5 m.mol) 4-(tri fluoro methyl) phenol(4a)/3.4g 4-nitrophenol (4b) in 100 ml H2O at OOC. After stirring for 24 h at 70OC, the reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure, cooled and the precipitated crude product is filtered off, washed with H2O and dried in vacuum. Purification is performed by flash chromatography (SiO2 Hexane/ EtoAc 2:1).

2-chloro-4-(4-(tri fluoro methyl) phenoxy) Thieno[2,3-d] Pyrimidine (5a):

1H NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm) δ ppm): 7.25 (d, 1 H, J=7.2HZ), 7.10(1H, d, J=7.2HZ), 7.2 5(1H,d, J=7.1HZ), 7.65(2H, d, J=7.1HZ).

13C NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm): 123.55, 125.15, 127.65,

128.55, 155.35, 158.55.

IR (KBr, cm-1): Ar stretch C-H (3110), C=N (1646.15), C-F (1345), C-Cl(739),C-O (1362).

ESI-MS m/z 331[M+H]+ .

2- chloro-4-(4-nitrophenoxy) Thieno [2, 3-d] Pyrimidine (5b):

1H NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm) δ ppm): 7.25 (d, 1 H, J=7.1HZ), 6.95(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.45(2H, d, J=6.7HZ), 8.15(2H, d, J=6.7HZ).

13C NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm): 123.55, 125.15, 127.65,128.55, 143.55, 155.35, 158.55, 175.55. IR (KBr, cm-1): Ar stretch C-H (3110), N-O (1140 & 1325), C-Cl (730).

ESI-MS m/z 308[M+1].

General procedure for synthesis of 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-amine(6a), 4-(4-nitrophenoxy)Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (6b)

A solution of 25% aqueous ammonia solution (5 mol) and compounds (5a-5b) (1 mol) was stirred at 90OC for 5h. The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water and dried to give compounds (6a-6b).

4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)Thieno[2,3-d ] pyrimidin-2-amine(6a):

1H NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm) δ ppm): 7.05 (d, 1 H, J=7.1HZ), 7.10(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.45(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 7.15(2H, d, J=7.3HZ), 6.75(2H,bs).

13C NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm): 123.55, 125.15, 127.65,128.55, 155.35, 158.55, 163, 173.6.

IR (KBr, cm-1): Ar stretch C-H (3110), C=N (1656.15), C-F (1365), N-H (3339 & 3445),C-O (1352).

ESI-MS m/z 312[M+1].

4-(4-nitrophenoxy)Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (6b):

1H NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm) δ ppm: 7.15 (d, 1 H, J=7.2HZ), 6.90(1H, d, J=7.2HZ), 7.45(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 8.15(2H, d, J=7.3HZ), 6.95(2H,bs).

13C NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm): 123.55, 125.15, 127.65,128.55, 145.35, 158.55, 163, 173.6.

IR (KBr, cm-1): Ar stretch C-H (3110), N-O (1140 & 1325), N-H(3339 & 3445).

ESI-MS m/z 289[M+1].

General procedure for synthesis of 4-methyl-N- (4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl)benzamide (8a),4-methoxy-N-(4-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)benzamide(8b),N-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (8c), N-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl)isonicotinamide(8d), N-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (8e), 4-methyl-N- (4-(4-nitrophenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl) benzamide(8f),4-methoxy-N-(4-(4- nitrophenoxy) Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzamide (8g), N-(4- (4-nitrophenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (8h), N-(4-(4-nitrophenoxy) Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)iso nicotinamide (8i), N-(4-(4-nitrophenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl) thiophene-2-carboxamide (8j):

To a solution ofVarious Substituted Acids (7a-7e) (10.2 m.mol) in DMF (5v), HATU (10 m.mol), Hunig,s base (N,N-di isopropyl ethylamine, DIPEA) (20 m.mol), Stir at RT for 10 min under Nitrogen atmosphere, Then add 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(6a), 4-(4-nitrophenoxy)Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (6b) (10.00 m.mol) at RT for 16 hrs, Then Reaction mixture was diluted with Ice Cold Water, Filtered the obtained Solid and Dried, Finally Purified by Flash Column Chromatography.

4-methyl-N-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzamide (8a): (Figure 6.5.1). This compound was obtained as off-white solid in 75% yield. M.p. 236-238OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3243(N-H Stretching), 3110(Ar C-H), C-F (1365), 1695.20 (C=O Stretching).

1H NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm) δ ppm 2.35 (3H,S),7.15 (d, 1 H, J=7.1HZ), 7.10(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.45(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 7.15(2H, d, J=7.3HZ), 9.15(1H,bs), 7.91(2H,d, J=7.3 HZ), 7.35 (2H,d, J=7.3 HZ).

13C NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm): 23, 123.55, 125.15, 127.65,128.55, 145.35, 158.55, 163, 173.6.

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 28, 105.73, 125.5, 128.89,130.55, 133.45,149, 158.8, 165.34.

ESI-MS m/z 430[M+1].

4-methoxy-N-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)benzamide(8b): (Figure 6.5.2). This compound was obtained as off-white solid in 80% yield. m.p. 247-249OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 2920(SP3C-H), 3243(N-H Stretching), 3110(Ar C-H), 1687.20 (C=O Stretching).

1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δH 7.15 (d, 1H, J=7.1HZ), 7.10(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.45(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 7.15(2H, d, J=7.3HZ), 9.15(1H,bs), 7.91(2H,d, J=7.3 HZ), 7.35 (2H,d, J=7.3 HZ).

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 58.88, 105.73, 125.5, 128.89, 130.55, 133.45,141,149, 158.8, 168.34.

ESI-MS m/z = 446.465 [M+H] +.

N-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl)pyrazine-2- carboxamide (8c): (Figure 6.5.3). This compound was obtained as off-yellow solid in 80% yield. m.p. 147-149OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3234(N-H Stretching), 3105(Ar C-H), 1690.20 (C=O Stretching).

1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δH 7.25 (d, 1H, J=7.1HZ), 6.95(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.65(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 7.15(2H, d, J=7.3HZ), 9.05(1H,bs), 9.91(1H,d, J=2.3 HZ), 9.15 (1H,d, J=7.3 HZ), 8.95(1H, d, J=7.3 HZ).

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 125.5, 128.89, 130.55,133.45,141,149, 155.55,158.8, 168.34, 172.65.

ESI-MS m/z = 418.465 [M+H] +.

N-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl)isonicotinamide(8d): (Figure 6.5.4). This compound was obtained as off-yellow solid in 75% yield. m.p. 182-183OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3264(N-H Stretching), 3115(Ar C-H), 1685.50 (C=O Stretching).

1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δH 7.20 (d, 1H, J=7.1HZ), 6.98(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.65(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 7.15(2H, d, J=7.3HZ), 9.45(1H,bs), 7.91(2H,d, J=2.3 HZ), 8.95 (1H,d, J=7.3 HZ) .

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 125.5, 128.89, 130.55,133.45,141,149, 155.55, 158.8, 168.34, 172.65.

ESI-MS m/z = 417.465 [M+H] +.

N-(4-(4-(trifluoro methyl) phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (8e): (Figure 6.5.5). This compound was obtained as off-white solid in 70% yield. m.p. 153-156OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3264(N-H Stretching), 3105(Ar C-H), 1690.50 (C=O Stretching).

1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δH 7.20 (d, 1H, J=7.1HZ), 6.98(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.45(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 7.15(2H, d, J=7.3HZ), 9.35(1H,bs), 8.30(1H,d, J=6.8HZ), 8.15 (1H,d, J=6.8 HZ), 7.35(1H,t, J=6.8 HZ) .

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 125.5, 128.89, 130.55,133.45,141,149, 155.55, 158.8, 168.34, 172.65.

ESI-MS m/z = 422.465 [M+H] +.

4- methyl-N-(4-(4-nitrophenoxy) Thieno [2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl) benzamide (8f): (Figure 6.5.6). This compound was obtained as Pale-yellow solid in 75% yield. m.p. 223-225OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3264(N-H Stretching), 3105(Ar C-H), N-O (1140 & 1325), 1690.50 (C=O Stretching).

1H NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm) δ ppm 2.35 (3H,S),7.15 (d, 1 H, J=7.1HZ), 7.10(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.45(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 8.15(2H, d,J=7.3HZ), 9.15(1H,bs), 7.91(2H,d, J=7.3 HZ), 7.35 (2H,d, J=7.3 HZ).

13C NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm): 23, 123.55, 125.15, 127.65,128.55, 145.35, 158.55, 163, 173.6.

ESI-MS m/z = 407.26 [M+H] +.

4-methoxy-N-(4-(4-nitrophenoxy)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl)benzamide (8g): (Figure 6.5.7). This compound was obtained as yellow solid in 73% yield. m.p. 252-253OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3260(N-H Stretching), 3105(Ar C-H), N-O [1148 & 1320], 1695 (C=O Stretching].

1H NMR (DMSO-d6] [δ/ppm] δ ppm 3.85 [3H,S],7.15 [d, 1 H, J=7.1HZ), 7.10(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.4S(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 8.1S(2H, d, J=7.3HZ), 9.1S(1H,bs), 7.90(2H,d, J=7.3 HZ), 7.2S (2H,d, J=7.3 HZ).

13C NMR (DMSO-d6) (δ/ppm): 58, 123.55, 125.15, 127.65,128.55, 145.35, 158.55, 163, 173.6.

ESI-MS m/z = 421.26 [M-H] +.

N-(4-(4-nitrophenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (8h): (Figure 6.5.8). This compound was obtained as pale-yellow solid in 80% yield. m.p. 245-247OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3240(N-H Stretching), 3110(Ar C-H), N-O [1158 & 1340], 1685.20 [C=O Stretching].

1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δH 7.25 [d, 1H, J=7.1HZ], 6.9S(1H, d, J=7.1HZ), 7.55(2H,d, J=7.3HZ), 8.1S(2H, d, J=7.3HZ), 9.15(1H,bs), 9.91(1H,d, J=2.3 HZ), 9.1S (1H,d, J=7.3 HZ), 8.9S(1H,d, J=7.3 HZ).

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 125.5, 128.89, 130.55,133.45,141,149, 155.55,158.8, 168.34, 172.6S.

ESI-MS m/z = 395.465 [M+H] +.

N-(4-(4-nitrophenoxy) Thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)iso nicotinamide (8i): (Figure 6.5.9). This compound was obtained as off-yellow solid in 78% yield. m.p. 232-233OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3260(N-H Stretching], 3125(Ar C-H], N-O (1140 & 1350), 1680.50 (C=O Stretching).

1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δH 7.20 (d, 1H, J=7.1HZ), 6.98(1H, d, J=7.1HZ], 7.65(2H,d, J=7.3HZ], 8.15(2H, d, J=7.3HZ], 9.25(1H,bs], 7.91(2H,d, J=7.3 HZ], 8.95 (2H,d, J=7.3 HZ] .

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 125.5, 128.89, 130.55,133.45,141,149, 155.55, 158.8, 168.34, 172.65.

ESI-MS m/z = 394.465 [M+H] +.

N-(4-(4-nitrophenoxy) Thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (8j): (Figure 6.5.10). This compound was obtained as off-yellow solid in 70% yield. m.p. 253-256OC.

IR (KBr, cm-1): 3264(N-H Stretching], 3105(Ar C-H], N-O (1150 & 1360), 1690.50 (C=O Stretching).

1H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δH 7.20 (d, 1H, J=7.1HZ),6. 95(1H, d, J=7.1HZ], 7.45(2H,d, J=7.1HZ], 8.15(2H, d, J=7.1HZ], 9.38(1H,bs], 8.30(1H,d, J=6.8HZ], 8.15 (1H,d, J=6.8 HZ], 7.35(1H,t, J=6.8 HZ] .

13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCl3): δC 125.5, 128.89, 130.55,133.45,141,149, 155.55, 158.8, 168.34, 172.65.

ESI-MS m/z = 399.465 [M+H] +.

Biological Activity

Antibacterial studies

The newly prepared compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli (clinical isolate] bacterial strains by disc diffusion method [36,37]. Standard inoculums (1-2x107 c.f.u. /ml 0.5 McFarland standards) were introduced on to the surface of sterile agar plates, and a sterile glass spreader was used for even distribution of the inoculums. The disks measuring 6 mm in diameters were prepared from what man no. 1 filter paper and sterilized by dry heat at 140°C for 1 h. The sterile disks previously soaked in a known concentration of the test compounds were placed in nutrient agar medium. Solvent and growth controls were kept. Amoxicillin (30 μg) was used as positive control and the disk poured in DMSO was used as negative control and the test compounds were dissolved in DMSO at concentration of 100 and 50 μg/ml. The plates were inverted and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The susceptibility was assessed on the basis of diameter of zone of inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains of bacteria. Inhibition of zone of measured and compared with controls. The bacterial zone of inhibition values are given in (Table 1). The order of activity was 8j>8i>8h>8g>8d>8f>8b>8c>8e>8a (Table 1).

Antifungal Studies

The newly prepared compounds were screened for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus in DMSO by agar diffusion method [38]. Sabourauds agar media was prepared by dissolving peptone (1 g), D-glucose (4 g) and agar (2 g) in distilled water (100 ml) and adjusting pH 5.7. Normal saline was used to make suspension of corresponding species. Twenty milliliters of agar media was poured into each Petri dish. Excess of suspension was decanted and the plates were dried by placing in an incubator at 37°C for 1 h using an agar punch, wells were made and each well was labeled. A control was also prepared in triplicate and maintained at 37°C for 3-4 days. The fungal activity of each compound was compared with Flucanazole as a standard drug. Inhibition zone were measured and compared with the controls. The fungal zone of inhibition values are given in (Table 2).

Result and Discussions

Chemistry

The reaction sequences Employed for synthesis of title compounds are shown in (Scheme 1). In the present work, the starting Thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diol(2) was prepared from methyl 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylate (1) and Urea According to the reported procedure [39]. Next Step 2 is 2,4-dichloro Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3) was prepared by using POCl3 at reflux for 6 hrs According to the reported procedure [40]. The 2,4-dichlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3) was Coupling with different Phenols (4 a-b) in Acetone at 70oC to get compounds 5(a-b) According to the reported procedure [41]. Which is further treatment with Aqueous Ammonia at 90OCAccording to the reported procedure [42]? which on further treatment with different Carboxylic acids (7a-e) to get target novel Thieno [2, 3- d] pyrimidine derivatives (8a-j) According to the reported procedure [42]. All compounds displayed IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectra consistent with the assigned structures.1H NMR and IR spectrum of compounds (8 a-j) showed singlet at 2.3 ppm, 3.8 ppm are due to the aromatic methyl group protons and Aromatic methoxy group protons. The most characteristic IR absorption bands are at 3340 cm-1 (-NH), 760 cm-1 (C-Cl), 1150 & 1350 (N-O) cm-1 and 3320 &3250cm-1 (N-H Stretching in Amine group). The mass spectra of all the final derivatives showed comparable molecular ion peak with respect to molecular formula.

Anti-microbial studies

The newly synthesized compounds (8a-j) were screened for their in-vitro anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aurous, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli using Amoxicillin as standard by disc diffusion method (zone of inhibition. The test compounds were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/ml. The antibacterial screening revealed that all the tested compounds showed good inhibition against various tested microbial strains compared to the standard drug. Along with he synthesized compounds 8j, 8i, 8h, 8g were found to be more active against tested bacterial strains as compared to the standard.

Conclusion

The research study reports the successful synthesis and anti-microbial activity of novel Thieno [2,3-d] Pyrimidine as a core unit . The anti-microbial activity study revealed that all the tested compounds showed good antibacterial and antifungal activities against pathogenic strains. Compounds 8j, 8i, 8h and 8g exhibited more potent anti-microbial activity of all tested pathogenic strains. Few of synthesized compounds might be useful as antimicrobial agents in future. These novel Thieno [2,3-d] Pyrimidine derivatives have proved to be promising candidates for further efficacy evaluation. On the basis of their activity, these derivatives were identified as viable leads for further studies.

Acknowledgment

Authors are thankful to Prof. K. Sudhakar Babu, Registrar, Sri Krishnadevaraya University for Encouraging & facilities of IR Spectra, 1H NMR & 13C NMR for characterization of Novel Synthesized compounds.

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huallenblr-blog · 7 years ago

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Some Functions of Industrial Magnesium Oxide

For the functions of industrial magnesium oxide, as a professional magnesium oxide manufacturer and supplier, Meishen Technology introduces something about it here. Therefore, looking at the follow explanations, you will know more about the industrial grade magnesium oxide:

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marutifinechemicals · 1 year ago

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Innovative and Superior Chemistry: AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid by Maruti Fine Chemicals

In the field of chemical manufacturing, Maruti Fine Chemicals is considered a pioneer in innovation and quality. The company's latest breakthrough development of AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid will redefine industry standards and enhance the capabilities of researchers and industry alike.

Chlorosulfonic acid is an important reagent in a variety of chemical processes, and at Multi Fine Chemicals it undergoes a careful distillation process to achieve the highest level of purity. It is called analytical reagent (AR). This means researchers and professionals can rely on unparalleled quality products for their most critical applications.

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marutifinechemicals · 1 year ago

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Unveiling Excellence in Chemical Solutions: AR Grade Hydrochloric Acid

Introduction: In the realm of chemical industries, the quality and purity of acids play a pivotal role in ensuring precise and reliable outcomes. Maruti Fine Chemical emerges as a beacon of excellence, offering top-notch AR Grade Hydrochloric Acid and LR Grade Sulphuric Acid. In this blog, we delve into the unique characteristics of these chemical solutions and shed light on how Maruti Fine Chemical is revolutionizing the industry.

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marutifinechemicals · 1 year ago

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Unveiling Excellence: AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid

In the realm of chemical manufacturing, precision and purity are paramount. Researchers, laboratories, and industries alike seek substances that meet the highest standards of quality. Maruti Fine Chemicals has emerged as a leading player in this domain, particularly with its exceptional offering — AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid. In this blog, we delve into the significance, properties, and applications of this chemical marvel that has become synonymous with excellence.

Understanding AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid:

AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid stands as a testament to Maruti Fine Chemicals’ commitment to delivering top-notch products. The term “AR” refers to Analytical Reagent, denoting a level of purity suitable for analytical and laboratory use. Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid, a derivative of sulfuric acid, is subjected to rigorous purification processes, ensuring a product that meets the stringent demands of various scientific applications.

Properties:

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marutifinechemicals · 1 year ago

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Your Trusted Source for AR Grade Hydrochloric Acid

Discover the excellence of AR Grade Hydrochloric Acid by Maruti Fine Chemicals – your go-to for high-quality chemical solutions!

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marutifinechemicals · 1 year ago

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AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid by Maruti Fine Chemicals

Dive into excellence with Maruti Fine Chemicals' AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid! Our commitment to quality ensures a product of the highest standards. Meticulously distilled, this chemical marvel stands out in purity and precision.

Maruti Fine Chemicals takes pride in delivering a product that meets the demanding criteria of Analytical Reagent (AR) Grade. This AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acidis crafted with precision to serve diverse applications in laboratories and industries.

Our stringent quality control measures guarantee a product that adheres to the most rigorous standards, ensuring reliability and accuracy in your experiments and processes. Trust Maruti Fine Chemicals for a seamless experience with AR Grade Distilled Chlorosulfonic Acid, where purity meets performance. Choose excellence; choose Maruti Fine Chemicals for your chemical needs. Elevate your work with the finest in the industry

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marutifinechemicals · 3 months ago

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Buy the Reasonable Hydrochloric Acid from Maruti Fine Chemicals

Are you looking to buy the reasonable Hydrochloric Acid? Don't worry, Visit "Maruti Fine Chemicals" that helps you to provide top quality Hydrochloric Acid for long term usage.

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marutifinechemicals · 5 months ago

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Enhance Your Laboratory Efficiency with Hydrochloric Acid LR Grade by Maruti Fine Chemicals

Both Hydrochloric Acid LR grade and Hydrochloric Acid AR grade from Maruti Fine Chemicals are produced to high standards, ensuring you receive a product that meets your specific requirements. Our commitment to quality and customer satisfaction makes us a trusted source for all your hydrochloric acid needs.

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marutifinechemicals · 9 months ago

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Unlocking the Potential of Hydrochloric Acid: Exploring Maruti Fine Chemicals' Contribution

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) stands as a cornerstone in various industrial processes, playing a vital role in sectors ranging from pharmaceuticals to metallurgy. Among the leading producers of this crucial chemical is Maruti Fine Chemicals, a company renowned for its commitment to quality and innovation. This article delves into the significance of hydrochloric acid and explores Maruti Fine Chemicals' pivotal role in its production.

Understanding Hydrochloric Acid:

Hydrochloric Acid , a clear, colorless solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas dissolved in water, holds immense importance across diverse industries. Its acidic properties, stemming from the dissociation of hydrogen and chloride ions, render it indispensable in numerous applications. From metal cleaning and pickling to food processing and pharmaceuticals, hydrochloric acid serves as a versatile chemical reagent.

Hydrochloric Acid LR Grade:

Let's start with Hydrochloric Acid LR grade. LR stands for Laboratory Reagent, indicating that this grade is primarily intended for laboratory use. LR grade hydrochloric acid is formulated to meet specific purity requirements suitable for general laboratory applications. It is commonly used in educational institutions, research facilities, and small-scale experiments.

One of the key characteristics of LR grade hydrochloric acid is its purity level. While it may not be as high in purity as AR grade, LR grade acid typically meets the standards necessary for most routine laboratory procedures. It is essential for tasks such as pH adjustments, titrations, and general chemical synthesis.

Despite its lower purity compared to AR grade, LR grade hydrochloric acid remains a cost-effective option for laboratories with moderate requirements. Its availability in bulk quantities makes it suitable for routine use without breaking the budget.

Hydrochloric Acid AR Grade:

Moving on to AR grade hydrochloric acid, AR stands for Analytical Reagent, indicating a higher level of purity and stringent quality standards. Hydrochloric Acid AR grade is designed for analytical and research purposes where precision and accuracy are paramount. It undergoes additional purification steps to ensure minimal impurities, making it suitable for sensitive analytical techniques.

While AR grade hydrochloric acid may come at a slightly higher cost compared to LR grade, its purity and consistency justify the investment for laboratories and industries where precise measurements are critical.

Applications in Various Industries:

Metallurgy: In metal processing, hydrochloric acid plays a crucial role in pickling and passivation, facilitating the removal of surface oxides and impurities from metals like steel and iron. This process enhances the metals' corrosion resistance and prepares them for subsequent manufacturing stages.

Chemical Manufacturing: Hydrochloric acid serves as a vital ingredient in the production of various chemicals, including fertilizers, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Its role ranges from catalysis and pH adjustment to synthesis of numerous organic and inorganic compounds.

Food Processing: In the food industry, hydrochloric acid finds application in regulating pH levels, enhancing food safety, and facilitating the production of additives and flavorings. Additionally, it aids in the production of gelatin from animal collagen.

Maruti Fine Chemicals: A Beacon of Quality and Innovation

Maruti Fine Chemicals has emerged as a leading player in the production and supply of Hydrochloric Acid , leveraging advanced manufacturing techniques and stringent quality control measures. With a commitment to environmental sustainability and customer satisfaction, Maruti Fine Chemicals stands as a trusted partner for industries worldwide.

Key Attributes of Maruti Fine Chemicals:

State-of-the-Art Facilities: Maruti Fine Chemicals boasts modern manufacturing facilities equipped with cutting-edge technology to ensure the efficient production of high-quality hydrochloric acid.

Stringent Quality Control: The company adheres to rigorous quality control protocols at every stage of the production process, ensuring that the hydrochloric acid meets the highest industry standards and regulatory requirements.

Environmental Responsibility: Maruti Fine Chemicals prioritizes environmental sustainability by implementing eco-friendly practices and minimizing waste generation and emissions.

Conclusion:

Hydrochloric Acid remains a vital component in numerous industrial processes, with its versatility and utility spanning across various sectors. Maruti Fine Chemicals stands at the forefront of hydrochloric acid production, combining innovation, quality, and environmental stewardship to meet the evolving needs of industries worldwide. As the demand for this essential chemical continues to grow, Maruti Fine Chemicals remains dedicated to driving progress and innovation in the field of chemical manufacturing.

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