#Hubal

[allmythologies]

arabian mythology: hubal

hubal was a god worshipped in pre-islamic arabia, notably by the quraysh at the kaaba in mecca. the god's idol was a human figure believed to control acts of divination, which was performed by tossing arrows before the statue. the direction in which the arrows pointed answered questions asked of the idol. the specific powers and identity attributed to hubal are equally unclear.

[aicollider]

An epic battle between the deities of Pre-Islamic Arabian Mythology and Basque Mythology.

You find yourself in the midst of a colossal battle between the gods of Pre-Islamic Arabian mythology and the deities of Basque mythology. The air crackles with supernatural energy as the two sides clash in a fierce and deadly struggle. As you look around, you see a bewildering array of gods and goddesses locked in combat. On one side, you see the legendary Arabian figures like Allah, Baal,…

[crystalthaispamiraroad]

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[astroyongie]

☽◯☾₊‧⁺˖⋆ Goddess Worship: An Introduction of Hekate ⋆˖⁺‧₊☽◯☾

Note: Hey guys. I am indeed very late for the calendar but. life lately has been erratic and complicated. Today we have the last introduction of deities I work with/worship. This post is to provide some information about the deities but also how I work with them personally. Everyone has their own methods with the Gods, and you should do whatever feels right with you while also respecting the bases of the religions.

─── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ───── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ───── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ───── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆

Historical Background:

Hecate (or Hekate) is a goddess from the Greek pantheon associated with magic, witchcraft, the moon, night, necromancy, and crossroads. Her origins are debated, but she appears in Greek mythology as a powerful and ancient deity, sometimes associated with the Titans or as a daughter of the sky god Perses and the star goddess Asteria. She is also linked to the pre-Greek civilizations, potentially from Thrace or Asia Minor, where her worship may have originated based on the most recent archeologic studies. As the deity of crossroads with the power of navigating between worlds, we find several counterparts on other mythologies/religions: Exu, Papa Ledga, Janus, Odin, Hubal, ect

Atributes and Symbols:

Torches: Hekate is often depicted holding two torches, symbolizing her ability to illuminate the unseen or unknown. Hekate is the goddess of magic, she is believed to be able to cross both the dead and living realm Keys: Mostly linked for her to be a guardian and also to hold secrets. Dogs: Dogs are sacred to her, especially black dogs who seem to be her loyal companions Snakes: they symbolize her connection to the underworld. Crossroads: Hekate is associated with the liminal spaces where three roads meet, symbolic of her power over transitions and the boundaries between worlds. Moon: Her magic is tied to the moon phases, which is why most people who worship her will perform rituals during the moon phases.

Worship and Rituals:

Deipnon: The Hekate's Deipnon was a monthly offering made at each new moon, where supplicants left food offerings (bread, cheese, eggs, garlic, and fish sometimes wine as well and basically what they had to offer in her honor) at crossroads to appease her and ask for her protection. Crossroads Shrines: Small shrines or altars to Hekate were frequently placed at the boundaries of homes, gardens, or towns, especially near crossroads. Worshipers would leave sacrifices like incense, honey, and eggs. Witchcraft and Magic: Hekate is invoked in spells, particularly those related to protection, divination, necromancy, and curse work. Her role as a liminal goddess gave her the power to grant access to the underworld and the unseen forces. However Hekate is a very strong presence and not for begginers as your spells can turn against you if you aren't experienced enough.

-> When worshipping Hekate, it is fundamental to make offerings during every moon phase to apease her energy and allow it to flow through you during your spells. An altar/shrine is mostly necessary if you want to work with her. Offerings can be given to her at her altar for three days before you can remove them and dispose of them in a crossroad for the wandering spirts.

-> Ideas for offerings: Wine, honey, bread, garlic, fish, eggs, keys, snake symbols or dogs symbols, blood, crystals tarot cards, prayers

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

"Greek Religion" by Walter Burkert "Hekate: Liminal Rites" by Sorita d'Este and David Rankine Marquardt, P. A. (1981). A Portrait of Hecate. The American Journal of Philology, 102(3), 243–260. https://doi.org/10.2307/294128 Boedeker, D. (1983). Hecate: a transfunctional goddess in the Theogony?. Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-), 113, 79-93. Daşbacak, C. (2008). Hecate cult in Anatolia: Rituals and dedications in lagina. Anados 6-7/2006-2007 Studies of the Ancient World

[jezzzebel]

Arabian paganism appreciation post PART 2

It seems like not many people are aware of the existence pre-islamic deities from the Arabian Peninsula!

So here are some prayers to Arabian pagan gods!

Hubal

Lord Hubal, the patron of warriors, and great god of divination. As you are the one who can see our fate, aid me in changing myself for the better. Help me become a better, stronger version of myself. With you, i have nothing to fear of.

Shams

Shams, The shining, great goddess of Sun. Bring me light into my life, help me be happier with myself and my life. Scare off people who wish me harm, as you frightened men from the beginning. Thank you Lady Shams.

Al-Qaum

King of the night, mighty god Al-Qaum, aid me in my hardest battles. Help me endure my toughest wars. I honor you, the great god of war, the one who protected us for centuries. Thank you!

[glitterlikegold]

By April Hubal for Maniac Magazine - 2014

[lifeofresulullah]

The Life of The Prophet Muhammad(pbuh): Before His Birth, His Birth and His Childhood

Hazrat Abdullah, the Prophet’s Father

Abdullah was the eighth among the ten sons. He was much different than his siblings in terms of looks and character.

As soon as he came into this world, the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) noor that shone on his father’s forehead passed to his. This noor brought out a magnificent beauty and an exceptional cuteness/sweetness to his face. However, nobody noticed from where and how this beauty and cuteness came.

Abdulmuttalib’s Conversation with His Sons

All ten of his sons had grown.

Abdulmuttalib, who had not forgotten his promise, gathered them together and by explaining the story, he let them know that one of them had to be sacrificed. All of them accepted without hesitation and asked their father: “Very well, then how should we do this? How are we going to determine who is to be sacrificed?”

Abdulmuttalib knew what to do in this type of circumstance. He answered:

“All of you should take an arrow, write your own name on it, and then give it to me!”

The obedient children immediately followed their father’s command. Each of them pulled an arrow, and after they wrote their own name on it, they handed it to their father.

Abdulmuttalib collected all of the arrows and went straight towards the Kaa’ba. The method of resolving this situation had already been explained: An arrow would be drawn by the Hubal statue, and whosever name was drawn would be the one to be sacrificed…

Qurayshis would apply this method in these types of situations.

The Drawing of Lots

The city’s inhabitants gathered around Abdulmuttalib when he neared the Kaa’ba. Without hesitation, he handed the arrows to an arrow-drawing civil servant so that he would not be considered to have retracted his promise to Allah. All of those arrows had the names of his beloved children. Regardless of whichever arrow was drawn, a piece of him would be missing.

The civil servant pulled one of those arrows and read the name on the arrow with a quivering tone: “Ab-dul-lah!”

The compassionate father did not want to believe what he had heard. He pulled the arrow from the government official’s hands and looked over it carefully and read: “Abdullah”.

In an instant, his eyes were filled with tears and his throat was tangled with sobs. His compassion and feelings bulged and overflowed to such an extent that for a moment, it was as if he was going to shout “no”. At the last minute, he remembered the promise he had made to Allah and his steel-like will bridled his feelings and compassion. Devastated, Ab­dul­mut­ta­lib turned his face from the Kaaba to his house and walked hopelessly.

Everybody was waiting for him at home. Nobody was aware of the result of the draw. The eyes of Ab­dul­mut­ta­lib, who entered the house, stared at Abdullah’s face, which was shining brightly. When he felt that his compassion and mercy overwhelmed, he turned his face away. He did not want to keep his sons, who were looking at him submissively, in curiosity and said:

“My son, Abdullah! Allah has chosen you to be sacrificed for Him. Among your siblings, he has granted this honor to you”.

This news, which burned and bit the family of Ab­dul­mut­ta­lib and saddened the people of Makkah at once. Everyone asked one another: “Abdullah? Is that beautiful and sweet child going to be sacrificed?”

Abdulmuttalib did not pay attention to his burning heart, hurricane of emotions, and feelings of compassion and mercy that resembled an ocean’s waves as he grasped his dearest son’s wrist and took him towards the statues of Isaf and Naila. It was as if Abdullah, whose face was covered with noor, had Hazrat Ismail’s submission. Not the slightest sign of displeasure appeared on his face.

Abdulmuttalib had a knife in one of his hands, and his son’s hand in the other. Everything was ready for his sacrifice. In the meantime, some noise was heard. The Qurayshi gentry was coming and one of them called out: “Oh, Abdulmuttalib! What is it that you want to do?”

As Abdulmuttalib was looking at his son’s face which was covered with noor, he answered: “I’m going to sacrifice him!”

As this answer emerged, it generated a wave of excitement and amazement in the crowd. They intervened by saying: “Oh, Abdulmuttalib, how can this be? You are one of Mecca’s dignities. If you do this, then will everyone not follow you and do the same? If everyone sacrifices their son, then will our descent not come to an end?”

The entire crowd was opposed to Abdulmuttalib’s decision; even his emotions and feelings were in opposition. The only thing in favor of him was his steel-like will. He had made a promise to Allah and had to fulfill it definitely since Allah gave him his wish. Allah granted him ten sons and not sacrificing one of them would mean that he was being ungrateful.

In the meantime, Abdullah’s uncle, Abdullah bin Mughira came forward and said: “Oh Abdulmuttalib, by God, you cannot sacrifice him unless there is a legitimate excuse. If giving away all our property is necessary to save him, then we are ready to do so!”

It was as if Abdulmuttalib’s emotions, compassion, and mercy began to talk and were shouting the same things to him. However, his will would not make any concessions.

After the Qurayshis and their sons saw that their pleas yielded no results, they submitted the following proposal:

“Oh Abdulmuttalib, take Abdullah and go to Damascus. There is a woman there who is clairvoyant and wise. Everyone from east to west, who is in difficulty, transcends countries to go to her. She finds a cure for everyone’s difficulty. She will surely find a cure for you.  If she says to slaughter Abdullah, then do so, but if she finds a cure to save you, Abdullah, and us from sadness, then act according to that”. 

This idea stood to reason for Abdulmuttalib. He immediately took Abdullah by his side and they set off to Damascus. When they arrived in Medina, they learnt that the clairvoyant woman was in Khyber, thus they went there from Medina. They found the soothsayer called Arrafa.

Abdulmuttalib explained the situation completely to her.

The woman asked: “What is the amount of ransom for one person in your area?”

Abdulmuttalib answered, “10 camels”.

Upon this, the clairvoyant woman said, “Go and prepare 10 camels. With the child, take the 10 camels and go to the place where the arrows were drawn. Have your child stand on one side and have the camels stand on the other, and draw an arrow between them. If the arrow comes out for the camels, then sacrifice the camels and save the child. If the arrow comes out for the child, then continue to add an amount of ransom to the number of camels and draw arrows until your Creator is pleased with you! Whenever the arrow is drawn for the camels, then sacrifice them. In this way, both your Creator will be pleased with you and you will have saved your child from being sacrificed.” 

Abdulmuttalib found this solution to be suitable and was about to walk on air. Without wasting time, he returned to Mecca. Abdulmuttalib’s family and the Meccan community were immensely happy upon hearing this news.

The Results of the Drawing

It was the following day after his return to Mecca.

Abdulmuttalib took his beloved son and his 10 camels to the Kaa’ba. In accordance with the clairvoyant woman’s advice, a drawing of lots was about to be made between Abdullah and the camels.

In his state of happiness, Abdulmuttalib told the civil servant to “draw”.

The arrow was drawn for Abdullah.

They increased the number of camels to 20.

The civil servant drew another arrow and again, it pointed to Abdullah.

They increased the number of camels to 30. The arrow landed on Abdullah again.

So they increased the number of camels to 40. The arrow came out for Abdullah once more.

The number of camels was increased to 50; it was as if the arrow was insisting to be drawn for Abdullah.

It became 60, 70, 80, and 90. The arrow was pointing to Abdullah with persistence. It was as if the arrow was receiving orders from another realm.

Abdulmuttalib was in a state of excitement and astonishment. During the course of every drawing, Abdulmuttalib did not abstain from raising his hands to the sky to offer a supplication.

The number of camels finally reached a hundred.

When the arrow was drawn again, those who were watching with curiosity took a deep breath because the arrow pointed to the camels.

Like everyone else, Abdulmuttalib’s eyes gleamed with happiness. However, his happiness did not last long and he immediately became serious.  He did not allow much time for others to congratulate him and he spoke in this way:

“By God, I am going to draw three arrows on end so that my heart will be satisfied”.

The drawing continued thrice more. Happiness was expressed through screams during each drawing because the arrows were pointing to the camels in all three rounds.

Abdulmuttalib expressed his happiness by shouting, “Allahu Akbar! ,Allahu Akbar!” (Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest) and offered a supplication as he kneeled on the ground.

In this way, Abdullah was saved from being sacrificed.

Abdulmuttalib, who was immensely happy that his beloved son was saved from being sacrificed, ordered a hundred camels to be taken to the place between Safa and Marwa, and to be sacrificed there, side-by-side. His order was followed immediately. The Meccan community greatly benefited from the meat of the camels that were sacrificed. The wolves, birds, dogs, wild, and domestic animals shared the remaining meat.

From that day onward, the custom of accepting a hundred camels for the amount of ransom has been embraced among the Qurayshis and Arabs. 

And our Holy Prophet (PBUH) did not change this custom. 

Hazrat Abdullah’s Chastity

It was the same day…

Everyone was pleased by the result and was leaving the place of drawing. Abdulmuttalib and his beloved son were coming to the city. Abdullah was far behind his father as they were passing by the Kaa’ba, and it was then that a woman approached him. This woman was named Ruqiyyah. She was Waraqa bin Nawfal’s sister and one of the many admirers of Abdullah’s legendary beauty. Like her sibling, Waraqa, she read the old Holy Books and in those books, she saw and learned about the characteristics of the Prophet that would appear during the end of time. When she faced Abdullah, she established a connection in her mind between the characteristics that she read about and the immense brightness that was on Abdullah’s face as she had never seen such brightness on anyone’s face till then.  Forgetting her grace and chastity, Ruqiyya approached Abdullah so that nobody else could obtain this glory and whispered:

“Young man, wait a moment.”

Abdullah stopped.

She asked, “Where are you going?”

With the innocence of the noor (light) that shone on his face, he answered: “We are going with my father”.

The woman did not dwell long upon this innocent answer and expressed her true intention. She offered to have illicit relations with him.

In an instant, Abdullah’s face turned crimson red.  He did not pay attention to this illicit offer. He wanted to continue on his way.

Yet Ruqiyyah wanted him all for herself. She rendered her desire into a more enticing offer: “I have as many camels as the ones that were sacrificed on your behalf, so if you accept my offer then I will give them all to you”.

Abdullah did not heed this appealing offer and provided an answer that promoted his innocence:

“Haram is so painful that the pain of death is lighter in comparison to it whereas halal is so sweet. Oh, woman, go and openly seek what is halal! Those who possess honor and chastity protect their faith scrupulously. How can they attempt and dare to commit an action that is deemed dishonorable?”

After his dignified answer, Abdullah continued on his way in front the beautiful Ruqiyyah, whose eyes were combined with looks of admiration and sadness.

Days later, Abdullah was married and came across the same woman on the streets of Mecca once more. The same Ruqiyyah did not exhibit the slightest signs of desire and longing. On the contrary, she was very apathetic and dull.

Abdullah asked, “What happened to you? Your condition has changed”.

Ruqiyyah answered, “That day a mysterious noor (light) was shining on your forehead. I lost myself in the face of that noor, but now I cannot see it”.

Yes, the noor that shone on Hazrat Abdullah’s forehead was no longer there.

Because it had transferred to the forehead of the greatest mother, Hazrat Amina, who was carrying the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in her womb.

Actually, she was not the only woman who admired and was amazed by Hazrat Abdullah. All of the Qurayshi girls turned their eyes to this young man who was immaculate, free of bad conduct, and adorned with the best of traits and virtue. However, it was without being able to conceive the secret of the brightness on his face and without comprehending the wisdom of God Almighty having foreordained him with the greatest of honors, being the father of the Prophet (PBUH) of the end of time.

Hazrat  Abdullah’s marriage to Hazrat Amina

Hazrat Abdullah was growing up day by day and the girls started to turn round him like a moth. However, he did not turn and look at any of them, preserving his chastity and honor. When Ab­dul­mut­ta­lib saw that his beloved son reached the age of marriage, he wanted him to have a happy family. However, it was necessary to find someone equal to him in every aspect. Ab­dul­mut­ta­lib soon found what he wanted. He went to Wahb b. Abdi Manaf, the chief of Bani Zuhra tribe, and told him that he wanted his son, Abdullah to marry Wahb’s daughter, Amina. Wahb accepted the proposal and said:

“O my cousin! We received this proposal before you. Amina’s mother had a dream a few days ago. According to what she narrated, a light entered our house and it illuminated the earth and the sky. Last night, I saw our grandfather, Ibrahim (pbuh), in my dream. He said to me, ‘I married Abdullah, Ab­dul­mut­ta­lib’s son, off to your daughter, Amina. When he comes, accept it.’ I have been under the influence of this dream since this morning. I constantly asked myself, ‘When will they come?’”

When Ab­dul­mut­ta­libheard it, he shouted, “Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar!” joyfully.

Amina, Wahb’s daughter had a high rank among the girls of the Qurayshis in terms of beauty, ethics and nobility. She was equal to Abdullah; she was only 14 then. Abdullah was twenty-four years old. They soon had a wedding and got married; the family that would bring the Master of the Universe into the world was set up.

Death of Hazrat Abdullah

A few weeks after their marriage, something strange happened but not many people noticed it. The light that had been on the face of Hazrat Abdullah started to shine on the forehead of Amina. It meant Hazrat Amina was pregnant; she was going to give birth to the Master of the Universe.

A few months passed after their marriage.

Hazrat Abdullah went to Syria with a trade caravan.

That was all. Hazrat Abdullah never returned to Makkah. When the caravan returned to Makkah a few months later, Hazrat Abdullah was not among them. Only the ill news arrived.

Hazrat Abdullah had become ill in Madinah while returning from the journey. They had left him with his maternal uncles there.

When Ab­dul­mut­ta­lib received this news, he sent Harith, his son, to Madinah at once. When Harith arrived in Madinah, it was too late. Hazrat Abdullah had died without seeing his son, the Master of the Universe, even once. He had been buried in the yard of Nabigha, from the sons of Adiyy b. Najjar.

Harith returned to Makkah with this sorrowful news. Makkah was mourning for him. The fact that death, which does not discriminate between the young and the old, took Abdullah at a very young age and grieved the family of Abdulmuttalib extremely. The people of Makkah shared their sorrow by shedding tears for him.

It was impossible to describe the sorrow and grief of Amina, who was very young. When she heard the news, she started to melt like a candle. She could not help crying for days. She cried and cried. There were two months left for the birth of the person to come to the world; he would wipe the tears of the humanity with his light and stop their pains.

Hazrat Amina expressed her deep sorrow with the lines of this poem, which she wrote in tears:

From now on, the Batha branch of Makkah has no sons of Hashim. Makkah will be deprived of the fame of sons of Hashim!

He left his home in coverings and shrouds obeying the call of death.

If death walked around among people for years, it could not find a brave man like him and fill his gap.

His friends rushed to carry his coffin and carried him on their hands.

Unfortunately, death took him away from us at an unexpected time. In fact, he was so good-looking, generous and merciful! 

The Inheritance Hazrat Abdullah left

Hazrat Abdullah had been newly wed. He died while he was getting ready to earn something for the future. Therefore, he left a very modest inheritance. He left a female slave called Umm Ayman Baraka, who loved the Master of the Universe a lot, five camels, a few sheep, a sword and some silver coins. 

However, he left a very good child, who would be the Sun of the World, with the grace of Allah: a person to illuminate the world with his light; the Master of the Universe, Hazrat Muhammad, (pbuh).

[infinitymythos]

Hubal and the Daughters of God🌙🕋🧞

By:

[urlasage]

EYE ··· Idol of Atargates from Petra ··· Eye imagery in many forms is associated with the goddess Al-ʻUzzā Arabic: العزى al-ʻUzzā

Hubal - god of war, victory in battle, fortune, and rainfall; husband of the goddess Al-Uzza.

Manaf - god of mountains

Quzah - god of storms, thunder, and clouds; husband of Manat. Thunder, said to be the battle-cry of Quzah, was believed to scare away spirits of disease and misfortune. The rainbow that appeared after rain was considered by the people of Mecca to be a ladder to the heavens.

Isaf and Na'ila - Meccan water deities: the dual guardian spirits of the holy well of Zamzam

Duwar - goddess of maidens; she was worshiped by the youngest women of the Banu Quraysh

Al-Ikrimah - god of fertility; his idol was a statue of a dove carved from aloe wood

Dhātu-Anwāt - goddess of trees

Suwā - goddess of night, beauty, and freshwater springs

Ar-Rā'iyu (’The One Who Sees���) - god of dreams and prophecy. All dreams were considered to be messages from the gods in pre-Islamic Arabia and oracles specialized in interpreting them. This god was believed to be an all-seeing guardian.

Al-Mundhir - a west Arabian god of justice, whose name means “The Cautioner”

Yaghuth - (“He Helps”) the south Arabian god of strength, courage, and war; had an idol that was a statue of a lion which was situated on a hill in Yemen

Yahwah - north Arabian weather god, worshiped as a divine warrior who rides on the clouds and leads the armies of Heaven. In the religion of the Hebrew tribes of ancient Palestine, their deity Yahweh was originally one god among many; although in later times he developed into a major tribal god and eventually the Hebrews elevated him to the status of an all-powerful creator god above all the others: a position that was held previously by El, who became an epithet of Yahweh.

Bahar (or Bajar) - god of the ocean

Rudā - a central Arabian rain goddess; brought droughts when angered

Nahastāb - a south Arabian fertility god who was worshiped by the Minaean Arabs. This god was associated with serpents who were recognized as omens of bounty and fertile ground.

Su’ayr - north Arabian god of oracles

Al-Jalsad - south Arabian god of pastures and fields

Ashar - north Arabian god of war

Ni'mat - north Arabian goddess of fortune

Hāwlat - goddess of magic and power; patroness of the oases of Dumah and Hejra. The name of the goddess means “to change (fortunes)” and “to avert”.

Abgal - north Arabian tutelary god; god of the desert and the patron of Bedouins and caravan drivers

Amm’anas - south Arabian god of agriculture

Nasr - god of the deep desert whose idol was a sculpture of a large vulture (in some sources an eagle) that was situated in a temple in the village of Balkha in Yemen. The sacred animal of Nasr, the vulture, was venerated by his worshipers as a totem of insight and sharp character; as well as this, the god represented the hostile and unforgiving aspects of nature, in particular, the desert.

Dhātu-Ba'dan - south Arabian goddess of oases, nature, and the wet season

Taraha - north Arabian goddess of fortune and prosperity. This goddess was also known as Tadha and was believed to watch over the tombs of the dead.

Al-Ghurab - god of the dead; his idol was in the form of a raven that was housed in the Ka'aba along with 360 other idols of gods and goddesses. Ravens were sacred to this god as guardians of the spirits of the dead

Kuthrā (“The Most Rich”) - central Arabian goddess of prosperity and fortune

Khomar - south Arabian god of wine and vineyards

Ya’uq is the south Arabian god of protection and preservation who was associated with swift thought and intelligence

Salman (or Salim) - god of oases, peace, and harmony. In the religion of the western Semites, Shalim was a god of the underworld and the dusk, and his name ’Shalim’ (Peace) was meant as an allegory for the peace of the grave.

Rahmaw (or Rahmanan) - south Arabian god of mercy and protection, whose mythology was later absorbed into that of the creator god Allah.

Al-Jadd - god of luck

Jihār - west Arabian god of longevity, wisdom, and marketplaces

Isāt - south Arabian goddess of fire; counterpart to the Canaanite fire goddess Ishat, wife of Moloch

Yurhim - god of joy and happiness

Harimtu (or 'Athiratan) - south Arabian goddess of fertility; the mother of the gods and the wife of the sky god Ilmaqah

Ilmuqah (also known as Ilumquh and Almaqah) - south Arabian god of the sky and the chief tribal deity of the Sabaean Arabs. He was worshiped as the protector of artificial irrigation and his divine symbol was a cluster of lightning bolts surrounding a curved sickle. Bulls were the sacred animals of Ilmuqah. His name means “The God Who Gives Health”

Shay al-Qawm - god of war, valour, and the night

Qaynan - god of metalworkers and smiths

Al-Kutbay (or al-Aktab) - god of writing, prophecy and merchants who was the scribe of the gods and recorder of all deeds and events

Raziqa (or Razeka) - goddess of the earth and fertility who was worshiped by the ancient tribes of Thamud and 'Ād as a provider of food and sustenance.

Nuha (or Nahi) - north Arabian goddess of wisdom and intelligence

Hafidha - goddess of travel and journeys

Thu'ban - god of snakes; believed to be a giant serpent who guarded the treasures in the well of the Ka'aba of Mecca.

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Hilāl - god of the moon; provided relief and dew for the weary desert nomads and their flocks. The waning crescent moon which was first visible before and after a new moon, heralded the start of Ramadan: this was a sacred time for the pagan Arabs of Mecca and the Hijaz, during which they fasted and feasted. Shams - goddess of the sun and the chief goddess of the Himyar tribal confederation; believed by the inhabitants of the fertile lands of south Arabia to be a preserver of crops and domestic life, while other tribes with more intense heat viewed her as a destroyer of lands. She was both respected and feared.Athtar - god of the planet Venus (linked with the Canaanite god Attar).  Athtar is the provider of water and a protector of irrigation systems. His sacred symbol is a spear-point as he is also a war god, and his sacred animal is the Arabian oryx (antelope). Akhwar - god of righteousness and the planet Jupiter 'Utarid - god of intelligence, learning, writing, eloquence, and Mercury Azizan (also known as Azizos) is the north Arabian god of the planet Mars who was associated with victory in battle and was depicted as riding on a camel alongside his brother Mun'im Nakruh - god of the planet Saturn Dhu’l-Samawi - god of the night sky, the stars, and the constellations whose name translates as “Lord of the Heavens”. Bedouin tribes would bring their animals to the shrine of Dhu’l-Samawi when they were injured and they also sent sick people to reside at his shrine in order to receive healing. Shangilā - north Arabian god of stars Ash-Shi'rā - goddess of the Sirius star; believed to bestow wealth and good fortune Ath-Thurayya - goddess of the Pleiades star cluster As-Simāk (’The Uplifted One’) is a west Arabian star god who was the deification of the star Arcturus in the constellation of Bootes and was worshiped to bring riches, renown and honor. The symbol of the god was the lance (ar-rimah) and was also named as Haris as-Samā’, 'the Guardian of Heaven’. Al-Dabaran (“The Follower’’) - god of the star Aldebaran Underworld Deities: Mawt - god of death and sterility; the Arabian counterpart of the Canaanite god Mot; sacred animals of Mawt are owls. After a person died, their soul (nafs) was believed to descend to the land of Mawt, the akhirah; where they lead a calm, yet gloomy, existence as spirits (arwah) and as shades (ashbah). The Arabs believed the Underworld to be neither a place of reward nor punishment, but simply as a state of existence without pain or pleasure that most people would lead as a shabah or shade. But the spirits of priests and powerful and honoured people were believed to ascend to a heavenly otherworld (al-Munqalab) or the sky (as-Sama’) itself, where they would enjoy the company of the gods and angels (mala'ikah) and would have power over human affairs in the Dunyā (the material world).Hawkam - god of justice and the Judge of the Dead Ba'alat-Sahra - a north Arabian goddess of the Underworld and the desert; she was an important goddess of the nomadic Semites; known to the Amorite tribe of southern Syria as Belet-Seri, the wife of their chief god Amurru. Qaysha - south Arabian funerary goddess Hawran - underworld god who presided over the spirits of disease which he could protect from or send at will as punishment; protected people from the venom of snakes. Al-Muharriq - underworld god who was represented as a fierce deity at a red shrine and whose sacred animal was an adult male lion (usamah). Al-Muharriq, like his Babylonian counterpart Nergal, had a wrathful disposition; he was believed to send diseases and plagues if he was angry with the population. The name of the god means ’'the Burner” as he represented the scorching heat of the desert, as well as the heat of disease and fire.

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By April Hubal for Maniac Magazine - 2012

[loverandservantoftheahlulbayt]

🥀🕯🥀 Shahadat Anniversary –

Lady Khadija (sa) 10th Ramadhan

The Most Beloved Wife of the Holy Prophet of Islam (S)

Fascinating historical background of this great lady of Islam “Islam did not rise except through Ali’s sword and Khadija’s wealth,” a saying goes.

Khadija al-Kubra (sa) daughter of Khuwaylid ibn (son of) Asad ibn Abdul-`Uzza ibn Qusayy belonged to the clan of Banu Hashim of the tribe of Banu Asad. She was a distant cousin of her husband the Messenger of Allah Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy, Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him and his progeny. Qusayy, then, is the ancestor of all clans belonging to Quraysh. According to some historians, Quraysh’s real name was Fahr, and he was son of Malik son of Madar son of Kananah son of Khuzaimah son of Mudrikah son of Ilyas son of Mazar son of Nazar son of Ma`ad son of Adnan son of Isma`eel (Ishmael) son of Ibrahim (Abraham) son of Sam son of Noah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon the prophets from among his ancestors.

🥀 Her Birth 🥀

According to a number of sources, Khadija (sa) was born in 565 A.D. and died on 10th Ramadhan three year before the Hijra (migration of the Holy Prophet and his followers from Mecca to Medina) at the age of 58. Khadija’s mother, who died around 575 A.D., was Fatima daughter of Za’ida ibn al-Asam of Banu `Amir ibn Luayy ibn Ghalib, also a distant relative of Holy Prophet Muhammad (S). Khadija’s father, who died around 585 A.D., belonged to the Abd al-`Uzza clan of the tribe of Quraysh and, like many other Qurayshis, was a merchant, a successful businessman whose vast wealth and business talents were inherited by Khadija (sa) and whom the latter succeeded in faring with the family’s vast wealth.

🥀 Ameerat-Quraysh 🥀

It is said that when Quraysh’s trade caravans gathered to embark upon their lengthy and arduous journey either to Syria during the summer or to Yemen during the winter, Khadija’s (sa) caravan equalled the caravans of all other traders of Quraysh put together. Although the society in which Khadija (sa) was born was a terribly male chauvinistic one, Khadija (sa) earned two titles: Ameerat-Quraysh, Princess of Quraysh, and al-Tahira, the Pure One, due to her impeccable personality and virtuous character, not to mention her honourable descent. She used to feed and clothe the poor, assist her relatives financially, and even provide for the marriage of those of her kin who could not otherwise have had means to marry. One particular quality in Khadija (sa) was quite interesting, probably more so than any of her other qualities mentioned above: she, unlike her people, never believed in nor worshipped idols. There was a very small number of Christians and Jews in Mecca, and a fairly large number of Jews in Medina. Waraqah ibn Nawfal, one of Khadija’s cousins, had embraced Christianity and was a pious monk who believed in the Unity of the Almighty, just as all early Christians did, that is, before the concept of the Trinity crept into the Christian faith, widening the theological differences among the believers in Christ (as).

He reportedly had translated the Bible from Hebrew into Arabic. His likes could be counted on the fingers of one hand during those days in the entire populous metropolis of Mecca, or Becca, or Ummul-Qura (the mother town), a major commercial center at the crossroads of trade caravans linking Arabia with India, Persia, China, and Byzantium, a city that had its own Red Sea port at Shu`ayba. Most importantly, Mecca housed the Ka`ba, the cubic “House of God” which has always been sought for pilgrimage and which used to be circled by naked polytheist “pilgrims” who kept their idols, numbering 360 small and big, male and female, inside it and on its roof-top. Among those idols was one for Abraham and another for Ishmael, each carrying divine arrows in his hands. Hubal, a huge idol in the shape of a man, was given as a gift by the Moabites of Syria to the tribesmen of Khuza`ah, and it was Mecca’s chief idol. Two other idols of significance were those of the Lat, a grey granite image which was the deity of Thaqif in nearby Taif, and the Uzza, also a block of granite about twenty feet long. These were regarded as the wives of the Almighty… Each tribe had its own idol, and the wealthy bought and kept a number of idols at home. The institute of pilgrimage was already there; it simply was not being observed properly, and so was the belief in Allah Whom the Arabs regarded as their Supreme deity. Besides Paganism, other “religions” in Arabia included star worship and fetishism.

🥀 The Richest Person in Arabia 🥀

Since Khadija (sa) did not travel with her trade caravans, she had always had to rely on someone else to act as her agent to trade on her behalf and to receive an agreed-upon commission in return. In 595 A.D., Khadija (sa) needed an agent to trade in her merchandise going to Syria, and it was then that a number of agents whom she knew before and trusted, as well as some of her own relatives, particularly Abu Talib, suggested to her to employ her distant cousin Muhammad ibn Abdullah (S) who, by then, had earned the honouring titles of al-Sadiq, the truthful, and al-Amin, the trustworthy. Muhammad (S) did not have any practical business experience, but he had twice accompanied his uncle Abu Talib (ra) on his trade trips and keenly observed how he traded, bartered, bought and sold and conducted business; after all, the people of Quraysh were famous for their involvement in trade more than in any other profession. It was not uncommon to hire an agent who did not have a prior experience; so, Khadija (sa) decided to give Muhammad (S) a chance. He was only 25 years old. Khadija (sa) sent Muhammad (S) a word through Khazimah ibn Hakim, one of her relatives, offering him twice as much commission as she usually offered her agents to trade on her behalf. She also gave him one of her servants, Maysarah, who was young, brilliant, and talented, to assist him and be his bookkeeper. Before embarking upon his first trip as a businessman representing Khadija (sa), Muhammad (S) met with his uncles for last minute briefings and consultations, then he set out on the desert road passing through Wadi al-Qura, Midian, and Diyar Thamud, places with which he was familiar because of having been there at the age of twelve in the company of his uncle Abu Talib (ra). He continued the lengthy journey till he reached Busra (or Bostra) on the highway to the ancient city of Damascus after about a month. It was then the capital of Hawran, one of the southeastern portions of the province of Damascus situated north of the Balqa’. To scholars of classic literature, Hawran is known by its Greek name Auranitis, and it is described in detail by Yaqut al-Hamawi, Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, and others. Arab trade caravans used to go there quite often and even beyond it to Damascus and Gaza, and few made it all the way to Mediterranean shores to unload their precious cargoes of Chinese paper and silk textiles bound for Europe.

🥀 What items did Muhammad (S) carry with him to Busra, and what items did he buy from there? 🥀

Meccans were not known to be skilled craftsmen, nor did they excel in any profession besides trade, but young Muhammad (S) might have carried with him a cargo of hides, raisins, perfumes, dried dates, lightweight woven items, probably silver bars, and most likely some herbs. He bought what he was instructed by his employer to buy: these items may have included manufactured goods, clothes, a few luxury items to sell to wealthy Meccans, and maybe some household goods. Gold and silver currency accepted in Mecca included Roman, Persian, and Indian coins, for Arabs during those times, including those who were much more sophisticated than the ones among whom Muhammad (S) grew up such as the Arabs of the southern part of Arabia (Yemen, Hadramout, etc.), did not have a currency of their own; so, barter was more common than cash. The first Arab Islamic currency, by the way, was struck in 78 A.H., 36 years after the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty (661-750) at the advice and help of Imam Muhammad Baqir (as). The young Muhammad (S) was seen once by Nestor the monk sitting in the shade of a tree as caravans entered the outskirts of Busra, not far from the monk’s small monastery. “Who is the man beneath that tree?” inquired Nestor of Maysarah. “A man of Quraysh,” Maysarah answered, adding, “of the people (the Hashemites) who have guardianship of the Sanctuary.” “None other than a Prophet is sitting beneath that tree,” said Nestor who had observed some of the signs indicative of Prophethood: two angels (or, according to other reports, two small clouds) were shading Muhammad (S) from the oppressive heat of the sun. “Is there a glow, a slight redness, around his eyes that never parts with him?” Nestor asked Maysarah. When the latter answered in the affirmative, Nestor said, “He most surely is the very last Prophet; congratulations to whoever believes in him.” The profits Khadija (sa) reaped from that trip were twice as much as she had anticipated. Maysarah was more fascinated by Muhammad (S) than by anything related to the trip. Muhammad (S), on the other hand, brought back his impressions about what he had seen and heard, impressions which he related to his mistress. You see, those trade caravans were the only links contemporary Arabs had with their outside world: they brought them the news of what was going on beyond their drought-ridden and famine-stricken desert and sand dunes.

Waraqah ibn Nawfal, like Bahirah, the monk, adhered to the Nestorian Christian sect. He heard the accounts about the personality and conduct of young Muhammad (S) from both his cousin Khadija (sa) and her servant Maysarah, an account which caused him to meditate for a good while and think about what he had heard. Raising his head, he said to Khadija (sa), “Such manners are fit only for the messengers of God. Who knows? Maybe this young man is destined to be one of them.” The trip’s measure of success encouraged Khadija (sa) to employ Muhammad (S) again on the winter trip to southern Arabia, i.e. Yemen, the land that introduced the coffee beans to the rest of the world, the land where the renown Ma’rib irrigation dam was engineered, the land of Saba’ and the renown Balqees, the Arabian Queen of Sheba (Saba’) of Himyar, who married King Solomon (Sulayman the wise, peace be upon him), in 975 B.C., the land of natives skilled in gold, silver and other metal handicrafts, not to mention their ingenuity in the textile industry and domestic furniture…, and it may even be the land that gave Arabic its first written script which, as some believe, was modelled after written Amharic, then the official language in Ethiopia and its colonies. Yemen, at that time, was being ruled by an Ethiopian regent. This time Khadija (sa) offered Muhammad (S) three times the usual commission. Unfortunately, historians do not tell us much about this second trip except that it was equally profitable to both employer and employee. Some historians do not mention this trip at all.

🥀 Lady Khadija’s (sa) marriage with the Holy Prophet of Islam (S) 🥀

Khadija (sa) was by then convinced that she had finally found a man who was worthy of her, so much so that she initiated the marriage proposal herself. Muhammad (S) sat to detail all the business transactions in which he became involved on her behalf, but Khadija (sa) was thinking more about her distant cousin than about those transactions. History tells us that Muhammad (S) was of medium stature, inclined to slimness, with a large head, broad shoulders and the rest of his body perfectly proportioned. His hair and beard were thick and black, not altogether straight but slightly curled. His hair reached midway between the lobes of his ears and shoulders, and his beard was of a length to match. He had a noble breadth of forehead and the ovals of his large eyes were wide, with exceptionally long lashes and extensive brows, slightly arched but not joined. His eyes were said to have been black, but other accounts say they were brown, or light brown. His nose was aquiline and his mouth was finely shaped. Although he let his beard grow, he never allowed the hair of his moustache to protrude over his upper lip. His skin was white but tanned by the sun. And there was a light on his face, a glow, the same light that had shone from his father, but it was more, much more powerful, and it was especially apparent on his broad forehead and in his eyes which were remarkably luminous. By the time he was gone, Khadija (sa) sought the advice of a friend of hers named Nufaysa, daughter of Umayyah. The latter offered to approach him on her behalf and, if possible, arrange a marriage between them. Nufaysa came to Muhammad (S) and asked him why he had not married yet. “I have no means to marry,” he answered. “But if you were given the means,” she said, “and if you were bidden to an alliance where there is nobility and abundance, would you not then consent?” “Who is she?!” he inquired. “It is Khadija,” said Nufaysa. “And how could such a marriage occur? he asked. “Leave that to me!” was her answer. “For my part,” he said, “I am willing.” Nufaysa returned with these glad tidings to Khadija (sa) who then sent word to Muhammad (S) asking him about the marriage. Then she offered herself in marriage to him, and they agreed that he should speak to his uncles and she would speak to her uncle `Amr son of Asad, since her father had died. It was Hamzah, despite being relatively young, whom the Hashemites delegated to represent them on this marriage occasion, since he was most closely related to them through the clan of Asad; his sister Safiyya had just married Khadija’s brother `Awwam. It was Abu Talib (ra), Muhammad’s uncle, who delivered the marriage sermon saying, “All praise is due to Allah Who has made us the progeny of Ibrahim (Abraham), the seed of Isma`eel (Ishmael), the descendants of Ma`ad, the substance of Mudar, and Who made us the custodians of His House and the servants of its sacred precincts, making for us a House sought for pilgrimage and a shrine of security, and He also gave us authority over the people. This nephew of mine Muhammad (S) cannot be compared with any other man: if you compare his wealth with that of others, you will not find him a man of wealth, for wealth is a vanishing shadow and a fickle thing. Muhammad (S) is a man whose lineage you all know, and he has sought Khadija (sa), daughter of Khuwaylid for marriage, offering her such-and-such of the dower of my own wealth.”

Nawfal then stood and said, “All praise is due to Allah Who has made us just as you have mentioned and preferred us over those whom you have indicated, for we, indeed, are the masters of Arabs and their leaders, and you all are worthy of this (bond of marriage). The tribe (Quraysh) does not deny any of your merits, nor does anyone else dispute your lofty status and prestige. And we, furthermore, wish to be joined to your rope; so, bear witness to my words, O people of Quraysh! I have given Khadija (sa) daughter of Khuwaylid in marriage to Muhammad (S) ibn Abdullah for the dower of four hundred dinars.” Then Nawfal paused, whereupon Abu Talib (ra) said to him, “I wished her uncle had joined you (in making this statement).” Hearing that, Khadija’s (sa) uncle stood and said, “Bear witness, O men of Quraysh, that I have given Khadija (sa) daughter of Khuwaylid in marriage to Muhammad (S) ibn Abdullah.” These details and more are recorded in Ibn Hisham’s Seera. After his marriage, Muhammad (S) moved from his uncle’s house to live with his wife in her house which stood at the alley branching out of metropolitan Mecca’s long main bazaar, behind the mas`a, the place where the pilgrims perform the seven circles during the hajj or `umra. In that house, Fatima (sa) was born and the revelation descended upon the Messenger of Allah (S) many times. This house, as well as the one in which the Prophet of Islam (S) was born (which stood approximately 50 meters northwards), were both demolished by the ignorant and fanatical Wahhabi rulers of Saudi Arabia in1413 A.H./1993 A.D. and turned into public bathrooms. The gravesites of many family members and companions of the Holy Prophet (S) were all demolished by the same Wahhabis in 1343 A.H./1924 A.D. against the wish and despite the denunciation of the adherents of all other Muslim sects and schools of thought worldwide.

The marriage was a very happy one, and it produced a lady who was one of the four perfect women in all the history of mankind: Lady Fatima (sa) daughter of Muhammad (S). Before her, Qasim and Abdullah were born, but they both died at infancy. By the time Khadija (sa) got married, she was quite a wealthy lady, so wealthy that she felt no need to keep trading and increasing her wealth; instead, she decided to retire and enjoy a comfortable life with her husband who, on his part, preferred an ascetic life. The Messenger of Allah (S) had no desire to accumulate wealth; that was not the purpose for which he, peace and blessings of Allah upon him and his progeny, was created. He was created to be saviour of mankind from the darkness of ignorance, idol worship, polytheism, misery, poverty, injustice, oppression, and immorality.

🥀 Lady Khadijah (sa) the First Muslim Woman 🥀

He very much loved to meditate, though his meditation deepened his grief at seeing his society sunk so low in immorality, lawlessness, and the absence of any sort of protection for those who were weak and oppressed. Khadija’s (sa) period of happiness lasted no more than 15 years after which her husband, now the Messenger of Allah (S), started his mission to invite people to the Oneness of God, to equality between men and women, and to an end to the evils of the day. Muhammad (S) was forty years old when the first verses of the Holy Quran were revealed to him. They were the first verses of Surat al-Alaq (chapter 96), and they were revealed during the night of 27th Rajab 13 years before the Hijra, at the cave of Hira in Jabal al-Noor (the mountain of light), his favorite place for isolation and meditation, a place which is now visited by many pilgrims. Holy Prophet Muhammad (S) went back home deeply impressed by the sight of arch-angel Gabriel and by the depth of meaning implied in those beautiful words: In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful Proclaim (or read)! In the Name of your Lord and Cherisher who created (everything). (He) created man of a (mere) clot of congealed blood. Proclaim! And your Lord is the Most Bountiful Who taught (the use of) the pen, Who taught man that which he knew not…

🕯 Holy Quran 🕯

(96:1-5)

He narrated what he had seen and heard to his faithful and supportive wife. “By Allah,” Khadija (sa) said, “Allah shall never subject you to any indignity…, for you always maintain your ties with those of your kin, and you are always generous in giving; you are diligent, and you seek what others regard as unattainable; you cool the eyes of your guest, and you lend your support to those who seek justice and redress. Stay firm, O cousin, for by Allah I know that He will not deal with you except most beautifully, and I testify that you are the awaited Prophet in this nation, and your time, if Allah wills, has come.” After a short while, Khadija (sa) told her husband about the prediction of the Syrian monk Buhayra regarding Muhammad’s Prophethood, and about her dialogue with both her servant Maysarah, who had informed her of what Bahirah (or Buhayrah) had said, and with her cousin Waraqah ibn Nawfal. She then accompanied her husband to Waraqah’s house to narrate the whole incident. “Let me hear it in your own words,” Nawfal said to Muhammad (S), adding, “O noble master!” Having heard the Prophet’s words, Nawfal took his time to select his words very carefully; he said, “By Allah, this is the prediction which had been conveyed to Moses (as) and with which the Children of Israel are familiar! (Moses). Had said: `O how I wish I could be present when Muhammad (S) is delegated with Prophethood to support his mission and to assist him!'”

It was only natural for Khadija (sa) to receive her share of the harassment meted to him by none other than those who, not long ago, used to call him al-Sadiq, al-Amin. Yahya ibn `Afeef is quoted saying that he once came, during the period of jahiliyya (before the advent of Islam), to Mecca to be hosted by al-Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib, one of the Prophet’s uncles mentioned above. “When the sun started rising,” says he, “I saw a man who came out of a place not far from us, faced the Ka`ba and started performing his prayers. He hardly started before being joined by a young boy who stood on his right side, then by a woman who stood behind them. When he bowed down, the young boy and the woman bowed, and when he stood up straight, they, too, did likewise. When he prostrated, they, too, prostrated.” Then he expressed his amazement at that, saying to al-Abbas: “This is quite strange, O Abbas!” “Is it, really?” retorted al-Abbas. “Do you know who he is?” al-Abbas asked his guest who answered in the negative. “He is Muhammad ibn Abdullah, my nephew. Do you know who the young boy is?” asked he again. “No, indeed,” answered the guest. “He is Ali (as) son of Abu Talib (ra). Do you know who the woman is?” The answer came again in the negative, to which al-Abbas said, “She is Khadija (sa) daughter of Khuwaylid, my nephew’s wife.” This incident is included in the books of both Imam Ahmad and al-Tirmithi, each detailing it in his own Sahih.

Khadija (sa) bore patiently in the face of persecution to which her revered husband and his small band of believers were exposed at the hands of the polytheists and aristocrats of Quraysh, sacrificing her vast wealth to promote Islam, seeking Allah’s Pleasure. Among Khadija’s (sa) merits was her being one of the four most perfect of all women of mankind, the other three being: Fatima (sa) daughter of Muhammad (S), Maryam bint `Umran (sa) (Mary daughter of Amram), mother of Christ (as) and niece of prophet Zakariyya (as) and Ishba (sa) (Elizabeth), and `Asiya (sa) daughter of Muzahim, wife of Pharaoh. Prophet Zakariyya (as), as the reader knows, was the father of Yahya (ra) (John the Baptist), the latter being only a few months older than prophet Jesus (as).

The Prophet of Islam (S) used to talk about Khadija (sa) quite often after her demise, so much so that his youngest wife, `Ayesha daughter of Abu Bakr, felt extremely jealous and said to him, “… But she was only an old woman with red eyes, and Allah has compensated you with a better and younger wife (meaning herself).” This caused him (S) to be very indignant, and he said, “No, indeed; He has not compensated me with someone better than her. She believed in me when all others disbelieved; she held me truthful when others called me a liar; she sheltered me when others abandoned me; she comforted me when others shunned me; and Allah granted me, children, by her while depriving me of children by other women.”

🥀 The Death of Lady Khadija (sa) 🥀

Khadija (sa) died of illness (or as some mention, poisoning) on 10th day of the month of Ramadhan, ten years after the start of the Prophetic mission (in the year 619 A.D.), 25 years after her marriage with Muhammad (S), and she was buried at a graveyard known as Jannaul Maula at the outskirts of Mecca. The Messenger of Allah (S) dug her grave and buried her… Funeral prayers had not yet been mandated in Islam. It is reported that by the time she died, her entire wealth had already been spent to promote Islam; she left not a single gold dinar nor a single silver dirham, nor anything more or less..

‘Osoul that are at rest! Return to your Lord, well-pleased (with Him), well-pleasing (Him), so enter among My servants, and enter into My garden.’

🥀🕯🥀 Holy Quran 🥀🕯🥀

(89:27-30)

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ALLAH IS BAAL BAAL IS HUBAL

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mjr Henryk Dobrzański - Hubal. Historia prawdziwa

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问题

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MOVIE: The Quraysh did Tawaaf around 🕋 Praying to Hubal (i.e. Ba'al/Alla...

[questionsonislam]

Assalamualikum, My wife wants khula from me for simple and nonsense issues, She is now 9 months pregnant.her father is forcing me to accept the khula before delivery, Its 14 months since we have married. I dont want to accept khula what so ever. I cannot do this i fear Allah, I swear on allah. And more over I love her very much and cannot forget her so easily. I cannot accept the khula and don't want to accept the khula. What can be done on this issue?Can I refuse the khula? Can she take any other action?

Khula is the right of women in Islam to give divorce or get separation from her husband. After divorce the husband is responsible for the education, food and residence of children. The children live with the mother for 7 years. After 7 years children have the right to live with father or mother, as the parents decide. Before Islam, Arab women could also divorce their husbands by the simple pronouncement of the word "Talaaq" and they would use the applicable idol, Hubal, Manat etc) to legitimize the divorce. It may be difficult for a Muslim woman in a Muslim country to get a divorce. In the situation where a woman can no longer remain in the marriage of her husband and all attempts to save the marriage have failed, then the ideal solution would be for her to obtain a divorce from the husband. The husband, seeing that the marriage is futile and there is no hope of reconcilement, should also issue one divorce according to the prescribed method in Shariah.

However, in the case where the husband refuses to issue a divorce, the wife may persuade the husband to enter into an agreement of Khul’ (a release for payment from the wife). The wife may also opt to forgive the husband from paying her dowry (mahr).

Khul’ is an Arabic term that literally means ‘to take out’ and ‘remove’. The Arabs say: “Khala’tu al-libas” (I took off my cloths). Similarly, AllahSWT said to Sayyiduna Musa (Peace be upon him) when he went to receive the sacred law:

“Verily I am your lord! Therefore, take off (fakhla’) your shoes.” (Surah Ta Ha, 12)

The lexical definition of Khul’ as explained by the famous Hanafi Mujtahid, Ibn Humam is as follows:

“To remove the union of marriage in exchange of a financial settlement with the words of Khul.” (Ibn Humam, Fath al-Qadir, 3/1999)

Similar to other agreements and transactions, an agreement on Khul’ will also come into effect by acceptance and offer. (al-Kasani, Bada’i al- Sana’i, 3/145 & Radd al-Muhtar, 2/606)

The couple can normally agree upon any financial arrangement they desire. However, the Fuqaha state that, if the husband was at fault and it was his wrongdoings that resulted in the failure of their marriage, then it is impermissible for him to demand a financial payment in return for a divorce. He should divorce the wife without demanding anything in return.

“But if you decide to take one wife in place of another, even if you had given the latter a whole treasure for dower, take not the least bit of it back. Would you take it by slander and a manifest wrong? And how could you take it when you have gone into each other, and We have taken from you a solemn covenant?” (Surah al-Nisa, 20-21)

Due to the above verse of the Qur’an, the Fuqaha have declared the taking of anything in return as a major sin if the husband was at fault.

However, if the husband was not at fault, but the wife for some reason or another wishes to end the marriage, then it is permissible for the husband to demand and receive some financial payment. It would be superior for him not to take more than the actual stipulated dowry. However, it would be permissible for them to agree on any amount. (See: Bada’i al-Sana’i, 3/150 & Bahr al-Ra’iq, 4/83)

“It is unlawful for you (men), to take back (dowry, etc…) from your wives, except when both parties fear that they would be unable to keep the limits ordained by Allah. If you (judges) do indeed fear that they would be unable to keep the limits ordained by Allah, there is no blame on either of them if she gives something for her freedom.” (Surah al-Baqarah, 229)

According to the Majority of Jurists (jumhur), a Khula’ agreement can be carried out without having to go to an Islamic court. Merely, the consent of both parties is sufficient. (See: al-Sarakhsi, al-Mabsut, 6/173)

A Khul’ is considered an irrevocable divorce and a finalized cancellation of marriage (ba’in), differing from a threefold divorce by the fact that they may remarry in such a case without her marrying another husband first.

If they did remarry, the husband will only remain the owner of two more divorces. Meaning, if he further issued two more divorces, it will total to three, thus he will not be able to take her back until she marries another man. (See: al-Mabsut, 6/173)

The waiting period (idda) for the woman will be similar to that of a woman who was given an irrevocable divorce (ba’in) which is three menstrual cycles. The husband can not take her back within or after the waiting period without her consent (by contracting a new agreement of marriage).

Finally, it should also be remembered that a Khul’ agreement can only be carried out with the consent of the husband. The wife does not have the jurisdiction to enforce Khul’ without the consent of her husband. This is an agreed upon ruling in all of the four Sunni schools of Islamic law.

The great Hanafi jurist, Imam al-Sarakhsi says:

“An agreement of Khul’ is permissible with or without the presence of a judge, as it is a contract that is based on mutual agreement.” (al-Mabsut, 6/173)

The same has also been mentioned in Radd al-Muhtar, al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya and other major works.