#How is an overload relay reset?

[hitech-automations]

#bestindustry#bestoffers#OnTimeDelivery#bestprice#goodservice#donateorgansavelives#Hi-Hi-Tech Automation#DrugFreeIndia#doubleoverload

The overload relay is wired in series with the motor, so the current that flows to the motor when the motor is operating also flows through the overload relay. It will trip at a certain level when there is excess current flowing through it. This causes the circuit between the motor and the power source to open.

What is the purpose of overload relay?

Overload relays cut off current to the motor when a high-current situation develops due to a ground fault, short circuit, phase failure, or mechanical jamming. They are an inexpensive way of avoiding downtime for repair or replacement of failed motors from excessive current

How is an overload relay reset?

When set in the H or HAND position the RESET button must be pressed manually to reset the overload relay after a tripping event. On the other hand, when set in A or AUTO position, the overload relay will reset automatically after a tripping event

[vashiislblog]

What is Industrial Relays ?

In this blog, we’ll explore what industrial relays are, including their fundamental functions, types, and applications. We’ll also cover how to choose the right relay for your needs, Whether you’re new to industrial relays or looking to deepen your understanding, this blog will provide valuable insights into these crucial devices.

What are relays ?

Relays are switches that open and close circuits electro mechanically or electronically. Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit. When a relay contact is Normally Closed (NC), there is a closed contact when the relay is not energized. In either case, applying electrical current to the contacts will change their state

Electronic Relays are mainly for switching small currents in control circuits. They typically don’t power large devices, except for small motors and low-amp solenoids. Still, relays can handle larger voltages and currents. A small voltage on a relay’s coil can control larger voltages through its contacts. Protective relays prevent equipment damage. They spot issues like overcurrent, undercurrent, overloads, and reverse currents. Additionally, relays also turn on starting coils, heating elements, pilot lights, and alarms.

Visit : https://vashiisl.com/collections/relays

How Do Relays Work?

Relays use a small electric current to create a magnetic field in an electromagnet. This moves a connected armature. This movement opens or closes contacts in another circuit. It controls the flow of electricity. When the current stops, a spring pushes the armature back to its original position, resetting the circuit. This allows relays to control larger electrical loads with a smaller control signal.

[ere-the-sun-rises]

It's almost doubly damning because Tony is also good at explaining things in leyman's terms too as long as you ask him to or he already knows you won't understand immediately.

Even shortly after the above scene, when Tony needs Steve to slow the helicarrier rotor and Steve barks "Speak English!" at him, Tony does. He explains how Steve needs to reset the power and where the emergency brake is in simple terms immediately and smoothly. In IM1, he does the same thing for Pepper, explaining how to overload the plant's arc reactor to kill Obadiah. In IM3, he's very patient and clear explaining things to Harley in such a way that not only will he understand, but he'll also do as Tony says. Hell, even with Peter - who is clearly very intelligent - he modifies his approach and reasoning to make sense to a teenage boy (like the post-ferry argument).

It's interesting, too, because he's not condescending about it either. He's aware that most people don't operate on his level and is happy to simplify the information. If given the chance, he could have explained why Ultron was not his fault or why he agreed with the Accords.

The other half of this, too, is that none of the Avengers believe he's capable of being sincere or emotional. Remember when that mom confronted him by the elevator in Civil War and blamed him for her son's death? Remember how when he relayed that story to the Avengers later - having clearly been affected it - and they scoffed at him? Remember how wounded Tony was in the Siberian bunker, but Steve looked like he was surprised at see him upset? Bucky knew better, saw the grief right away, but Steve didn't. Even when they show up at his house in Endgame, they look shocked to see him with Morgan, confused as to how he's a good dad when he's been like this most of the time they've known him.

It was Tony who cut the wire in every Avengers movie -the nuke in A1, blowing up the repulsor core that was lifting the city in AOU (with Thor), chasing Thanos into space and almost defeating him (fucking Quill) in AIF, then snapping in AE. He almost dies every time, but its only once he's dead that those sacrifices suddenly get put into perspective.

#tony stark, teacher’s pet

[lightkrets312]

Alright, so y’all wanna talk about Corvus and Horror? Let’s talk about Corvus and Horror.

First up, Corvus! Cause it’s a short little bastard!

This is your playfield. Some things of note:

Collectors and Relays are roughly similar, if in an opposites way. Relays go twice the distance a Collector does (and only if it connects to another Relay, but both connect to each other), but Collectors allow you to get energy and cost half as much as a Relay.

Mortars are good on deep amounts of creeper and are very good for maintenance and lowering creep levels, but Blasters are very good for covering a lot of area very quickly. They’re good when paired together, so the blaster covers the mortar while that takes care of the big stuff... buuuut in most gameplay you’ll probably see the Mortars get used a lot.

Storage and Speed are only really in this game, but are also self-explanatory: they expand your storage and increase the speed of packets, which carry Energy and Ammo packets, which is how everything gets done.

Emitters are those blue spiky things in the corner. They emit Creeper, which wants to wreck your shit. They’re assholes.

“But that’s pretty straightforward!” It is! ��That shouldn’t be too bad!” You’re right!

“Hey what are those pill shaped things on the map?” Those are survivor pods. You want to collect them all before the creeper gets them.

“Oh, well what about that one pod in the bottom left that’s sitting super close to one of the emitters?”

Yeah that’s the little asshole that caused me to reset several times trying to figure out how to save them!

You have two saving graces here, and that is:

The creeper emitter has TWO pieces of high ground blocking it from immediately overloading the terrain with creeper and drowning the escape pod.

That little island next to it that’s kinda close? CAN link to a Relay. If you put it in the top left corner of the island. And not the bottom left which I spent my first run trying to do, cause I wanted a turret on the island. Don’t do that. Put it in the lower right if you really want a turret. It’s fine, I promise.

Other than that, it’s a matter of mad-dash placing enough collectors just right to gather energy, putting Relays down to hop across Islands and grab the pods (which are immediately collected upon connecting to them), and then activating those green flower-looking Totems to skedaddle before you die. Oh, also getting some Blasters and a Mortar or two to take care of the creeper. Shouldn’t be that big of a deal, only would take what, 10 minutes?

(to be fair, i’ve gotten faster since then, but... yeah. it’s rough.)

And then there’s Horror. Which looks you in the eyes and LAUGHS while you try to save the civilians.

Here’s a stitched together map cause this one has scrolling capabilities and BOY do you gotta juggle.

You have:

A pod above your ship that’s under threat by a store of Creeper that’ll bust through some breakable terrain in about a minute (and this is the least of your worries).

A pod through some twisty tunnels to your right on the other side of some breakable terrain that the creeper emitter nearby will be digging towards.

A pod below that where the creeper will be flowing towards it and form a ring that is VERY hard to shoot through and will take you lots of effort.

Double-up hell AKA two emitters that will be constantly generating creeper that will rise slowly up towards the final pod as the pressure builds, which will be a RACE to beat by the time you get to it.

oh yeah there’s also a creeper emitter right below your ship when you start lol

You enter with no guaranteed safe terrain, no upgrades, and no additional power generation. You have to build everything you need as strategically fast as possible. You have 5 minutes before the first pod is excavated, and 17 minutes before the third one is flooded. Losing any of them is an instant loss.

This took me almost 3 hours and around 15 resets to figure out how to beat.

“...how.”

*INHALE*

Press P to immediately pause your game, which you’re gonna do like 50 bajillion times cause FUCK do you need the time. Also maybe set the speed to half with the little toggle on the bar down there. (See that speed thing? Down there next to techs? Hit the button on the left, you’re welcome.)

Put your ship as far as you can in the top right corner of the area it’s currently in, put three reactors (power generators) in below those weird green chips (techtites), collect those chips AND the red gem, and also save the first civilian highest up (click the weird cracked terrain up top and you can dig it; ONLY dig the bottom half out, top half can be used for more reactors and you need that.)

Unpause your game to let the ship move into position.

As soon as you collect the green chips, immediately go into Techs and take the Reactor efficiency and beacon range.

As soon as you collect the gem, PAUSE and set up as many reactors as you can put down, just like you did with the first few (in those slots). Grab the yellow thing once they’re done, you’ll want that for later. Unpause.

I’m not gonna tell you to keep pausing, do it as you need to. I’m also not gonna tell you where to set up Reactors, cause that’s what the rest of the map around them is for, but I am gonna tell you to mine out the three dirt to the bottom right of your ship. For later, when you can put down a few tech researchers.

You’re gonna want a Repulsor up top to take care of that watertower of creeper about to flood out to kill everything, set it up on short and point it at the door. Get another one on LONG set up to deal with the emitter in the same room you spawned in at and point it at the floor, then set up a third Repulsor as far into the twisty bits that are now right next to your ship. You should be able to get into the downwards twisty, build it towards the top. Set it up on Long and down.

“But that’s not dealing with the creeper though!!” You have 17 minutes to save 3 pods, and you’ve probably spent about 1 of those already. You’ll need to save the first one in the hellmaze within 5. You need as much time as you can get, and you don’t have the resources to fuck around with that right now.

And the Repulsors deal with those two problems until you need to deal with them, so it’s fine!

While those are setting up, get started on about 1 or 2 blasters. Up to you how many at once, but you’ll need two.

You’ll also need a mortar (called a Launcher here). Pick your moment, get it set up around when you start heading back up.

Get a short Repulsor set up, point it right, slide it to the bottom once a blaster’s shooting, then slide that blaster immediately in front of the short one.

Take the long Repulsor in that tunnel, slide it next to the blaster, and point it straight up. Take the blasters, move em into the tunnel. Stick a lamp down so you can hit most of the chamber, should be able to do that in the down twisty.

Put a minirift right under the ship. Trust me on this.

Wait for the long repulsor to heal up enough, then slide it to the end of the path once you’re pretty sure the blasters will hold long enough and point it into the chamber. Then grab both blasters, stick em right in the entrance of the first emitter, and make sure they’re far enough to blast the hell out of your problems.

Don’t move the short one, but you see how it’s firing into the wall there? Mine next to it two right, up one, and then when THAT’S done... mine one more right. It’ll catch the creeper before it floods the chamber, but it’ll take off just a bit of pressure. Also move your mortar close if it hasn’t yet.

Also start mining up just above the long repulsor. Three up, make a 2x3 room, then place a blaster on the upper row as soon as you can. This should make a room that’s not exposed to the creeper yet, but it’s as tall as the room you’re about to breach into from the top. Put a maker (AC maker) set to active in the tunnels, you’ll need it for later.

Move the highest cannon forward in the room you made and open ONLY the topmost block once it’s done and loaded a bit. Now you’ve got three cannons dealing with your problems.

Blast the FUCK out of the creeper and slide the topmost cannon along the top until you’re able to put it right next to the wall where the pod’s hiding. Accept it’ll take some damage and get a bit risky with it, as long as it doesn’t die it’s fine. Get a lamp going on the floor and mine through to the pod once the room’s empty enough.

Nullify that fucker ASAP, you’ll need everything for the next room.

Also build a minirift in that room, the packets take fucking forever otherwise.

Dig a tunnel immediately above the pod below the room you’re in as soon as it’s safe to do so. You can expand a little to the left and right in there too, but once you start shoving weapons down the hole that’s life for a minute.

Send your blasters in to start clearing stuff and slide a Launcher halfway down your new tunnel. Get a second launcher while you’re at it.

Once it’s cleared up enough in the room, get both Repulsors in the room, slide em right next to the supply arms, and set em on short pointed at the arms. Work your blasters into the room, build a fourth, wreck house for a bit.

Drag the maker in while you’re at it and set it up to start flooding the room. Grab the pod once a gap develops, then slide the Maker into the hellring.

You’re looking for an opening to develop in the other side of the ring, which should progressively happen. Turn the top Repulsor off while you have a second.

Once it does set up a minirift right next to the 5x5 chunk of dirt and start digging. You’re gonna want a little room right in the middle of the dirt and a hole through the middle to enter and exit it.

While that digs out, dig a path through the bottom towards the emitters and the final asshole with the slowly flooding room. Do NOT dig into there yet. Set your offline Repulsor to long and stick it in the bottom once it’s clear enough, just under the entrance.

Back to the Ring emitter, take two of your blasters and slide em through to start shooting the supply, should be in the leftmost gap with one right behind it. Stick the launchers above and below it, and build a third Repulsor pointed left.

Back to the tunnel below the Ring room, start building a couple more turrets, stick the other two in there once it’s clear enough up top, put the Maker in the tunnel with em, and put a shield in the entrance of the tunnel to bottleneck it and up the pressure of the AC.

If your turrets aren’t set up for optimum firepower, now’s the time to shimmy them around. It’s tight, I know.

Bust open the roof of the supply right below. If everything’s right it should hold.

Back to the ring emitter, pop a Nullifier to the left of it once you have the room for it, maybe a third turret if you need the space opened. Walk the turrets towards the emitter while you’re at it, should basically be done from here.

Grab one of your other unoccupied Repulsors, point it down on Short and slide it down the double trouble tunnel. You need the space to get in,

Slide a turret into the new space, then when you have a gap get your last Repulsor into the tunnel, pointed left and long enough to skim by the second emitter supply.

Start chucking turrets at shit. Also take the repulsor by the entrance and point it at the closer emitter, then get some turrets (and one of the Launchers) to clean it up and nullify.

When you can do the same with the second one, repulse, shoot, and nullify it too.

Run your blasters down towards the last pod and chase after the creeper. Keep hopping them past each other, at this point you have like 6 or 7 so you should be able to keep doing that.

keep the pressure up on your end or the pod will die and you will lose your progress.

Once you’ve basically run the turrets all the way through to the pod, the pressure should stop building in that room. Run a turret or two up to cleanup.

If you’ve done all of that fast enough and just right, congratulations, you have officially saved the last hostage pod and have basically won the map.

Now take care of those two creeper pools from point 7. You can fly your Launchers and unoccupied turrets back to deal with them, they’ll use the minirifts as shortcuts.

Savor your 20 minute victory. Never Look Back.

This Level Fucking Sucks And All I Got Was A Steam Achievement.

anyways yeah, that is the hell known as 13 - Horror

[factorycontrols-blog]

All You Need To Know About The Low Voltage Switchgear Components

The device used for switching, protecting, and controlling any electrical circuit is called switchgear. There are mainly 3 types of switchgear. They are high voltage switchgear, medium voltage switchgear and low voltage switchgear. Today, we will see how low voltage switchgear works and what are the electrical components used in low voltage switchgear. Some of the main switchgear products are:

• Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) • Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) • Contactor • Relay • Single Phasing Preventer (SPP) • Capacitor • Starter • Isolator • Switch fuse unit • Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) • Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) • Motor Protection Circuit Breaker (MPCB) • High Rupturing Capacity (HRC) and HBC fuse • Fuse base and changeover switch

Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)

Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) is a primary protecting device of any switchgear. Power is distributed through ACB for any high-power consuming device like panel board. This device helps in cutting the main circuit during the adverse situations like earth fault, overcurrent, undervoltage, and short circuit. This protects the main circuit connected through it from getting failed or damaged. Air circuit breaker ranges from 6.30 amp to 10,000 amp and consist of 3-pole or 4-pole.

Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)

Moulded Case Circuit Breaker helps in protecting high load current devices. MCCB protects high load current devices from fault and overloading. Tripping mechanism in MCCB is Thermal based, Microprocessor based or Electronic based. MCCB is characterized by 3-pole or 4-pole.

Contactor

Contactor is one of the most demanding components of the switchgear. This is an electrically operated switch. Inside contactor there is an electromechanical system connected to the coil. It works on the predefined supply being provided to the coil.

Relay

Relay is a switching device which is electromechanically and electronically controlled to open and close it. There are different types of relays available in the market including Thermal relay, CT operated relay, solid state relay, hybrid relay, electromechanical relay and electronic relay.

Single Phasing Preventer (SPP)

If there is failure of any of the phases in 3 phase motor, this may cause damage to motor wiring or circuit. Single Phasing Preventer (SPP) detects fault in 3 phase and blocks current in case of failure in any of the phases. This prevents motor from getting damaged.

Capacitor

Capacitor plays a significant role in maintaining the power factor. It is generally air cooled or water cooled that is of dry type, MPP (metalized polypropylene) type and APP (all polypropylene) type.

Starter

DOL starter means Direct-On-line motor starter. It consists of contactor and relay. Star delta starter generally comprises of 3 contractor, 1 relay and 1 timer. In any circuit if the current increases from a predefined limit, the relay in starter gets trip and blocks the flow of current through the contactor. This prevents the motor from damaging.

Isolator

Isolator is used to operate a circuit manually (ON/OFF). Isolator doesn’t contain any protection or tripping devices. Its operating system is manually independent, quick make and quick break.

Switch Fuse Unit (SFU)

Switch fuse unit is a complete unit for controlling MCC Panel and PCC panel. It is used for power distribution and protection of electrical device. It is generally of 3-pole, 3-pole plus neutral and 4-pole.

Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)

MCB or Miniature Circuit Breaker is an electromechanical device which protects low electrical circuit from overcurrent. MCB has tripping mechanism which can be reset easily. MCB is of 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole and 4-pole.

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

Earth leakage circuit breaker is a safety device that protects circuit from fault and earthing. This protects you from electric shock. It detects faults in the circuit and gets tripped to block the flow of current. This protects circuit from getting damaged.

Motor Protection Circuit Breaker (MPCB)

Motor Protection Breaker or MPCB protects motor from short circuit current and overload current.

High Rupturing Capacity (HRC) Fuse

High rupturing capacity fuse is a safety device in any circuit fuse. This consist of a porcelain body. Inside the porcelain body, there is a fuse wire or element, which allow the flow of short circuit current or heavy overcurrent for some period of time. If fault or overcurrent become normal in a given time, then fuse remain  as it is or gets melt. The circuit connected to it gets disconnected. Fuse is housed inside fuse base.

Changeover Switch

Changeover switch helps in the utilisation of electrical load one by one through two sources. If in case the power supply fails in any one of the two sources, the power supply from the other source one can be easily used. The whole system of this switch works efficiently in this way.

Final Thought

Electricity is the basic need in our daily life. Electric supply needs to be done securely to provide a complete peace of mind to the mankind. We need to employ some different types of safety devices to maintain the security level of electrical distribution. There are a wide of safety devices that not only helps in protecting the electrical devices but also caters to connectivity needs of various operations in industrial, commercial, and residential sectors.

Switchgear components make electric supply and safety easier because of its various features and functions. Wide range of switchgear products assist in carriage and distribution of power load while maintaining the safety of electrical connectors. It helps in identifying the faults in connections and preventing the damage.

[vinalifevn]

SỬA CHỮA CHẬU ĐIỆN, NỒI ĐIỆN

Common mistakes and how to repair  electric noodle cookers  and  electric porridge pots

Electric noodle cookers , electric porridge cookers can often encounter the following problems, customers can check the device's errors and fix it themselves, but there are special errors that customers cannot handle. If possible, please  contact immediately:

0972 59 63 63

for the fastest and best advice

https://vinalifevietnam.com/Uploads/991/images/z3453639278406_e9e0f97bfbbef804484a3d586bbe94d7.jpg

Common mistakes that need to be repaired with an electric noodle pot , an electric porridge pot

1. The electric noodle pot automatically cuts off before the water boils

The reason why you need to repair the pho cooker

– The input power supply is unstable, the converter is not stable, the contactors are overloaded, flickering, the overload potentiometer is unstable, causing electricity not to enter the heat bar.

– The terminal contacts or resistors are moved to not conduct electricity to the bar.

– The relay is unstable, causing the pot to disconnect before boiling

Measures to repair pho pot

– Check all controllers, power wiring system

– Replace the contactors, rewire the wires, check the maiso and replace if necessary.

2. Slow-boiling noodle pot

The reason why you need to repair the pho cooker

– Morning is so or the heat is poor

– The potentiometer transmits power poorly, not enough current to the heat rod

– Heat bar is dry, lack of water, limestone, bone deposits are too thick to generate heat

- The heat bar is old and clinging to black soot.

Measures to repair pho pot

– Replace the bar with a new one for better efficiency

– Re-measure the current leading down to the pho pot if there is a separate control transmitter for the noodle pot

3. The controller for the noodle cooker does not work properly, controlling the noodle pot is not accurate

The reason why you need to repair the pho cooker

– The potentiometer has been operating for a long time, unstable, and overturned 

– Thermal relay is not working properly

– The heat probe is broken, broken, wrong position to detect the temperature of the pho cooker

Measures to repair pho pot

– Check the effectiveness of the potentiometer if the operation is not stable, the input current adjustment is not enough, it should be replaced immediately

– Check the thermal relay, conductor, probe if broken, folded, broken, it should be replaced immediately, if it is deviated from the heat detector position, reset the measurement position.

4. Pho  broth has a burning smell

The reason why you need to repair the pho cooker

– Due to unintentionally not adding water, it caused the morning so to burn

– After cleaning the pho pot, when you turn it back on, you forgot to add water

Measures to repair pho pot

– Replace the heat bar

5. Leaking electricity to the cover of the pho cooker

Reasons to repair pho cooker

– Unsecured electrical system

– Clearing heat, the apricot fire is open to electricity

– Do not ground the pot

Methods to repair pho cooker

– Check and reinstall the anti-shock system, safe for the pho cooker

– It is necessary to immediately replace the heat bar, the shell of the pho cooker to avoid unwanted risks

WISH YOU SUCCESS, ALWAYS HAVE A LOT OF LUCK

[jamload896]

Omnicron Alarm Manual

Loading...

Manual for cleaning the coils. For installations within a kilometre of the coast, use of the accessory is strongly recommended Coil treated with anti-corrosion paints. The fans are axial fans, directly coupled to a three-phase 6-pole electric motor, with integrated thermal overload protection (klixon) and IP 54 protection rating. Hello, my new home is fitted with an omnicron 8000 alarm and keypad. Unfortunately, the previous owners didnt leave a user manual. Does anyone know how i can get a user manual so as to change codes etc. Omnicron 8000 User Manual by A1 Security.

Omnicron

9000 series

Installation and programming Instructions

Default settings on power up

User code 1234

Part set code 0000

Engineer code 9999

Cleaner code 7777

Exit time 30sec

Entry time 30sec

Bell Time 20min

Speaker time 20min

Omnicron 7000 Alarm Manual

User reset YES

Relay activation in part set YES

Mains LED OFF (when armed)

PA (sounder & relay) NOT SILENT

Auto re-arm YES

Bell delay OFF (0sec)

Speaker delay OFF (0sec)

Zone 1 E/E in part set YES

Intermediate zones NONE

Part set zones NONE

Self-monitoring zones NONE

Double knock NO

To Enter ENGINEER MODE

Press Reset key and enter current user code (1234) Then press program.

Green CLEAR led will flash.

Enter 99 then current eng. code (9999)

Red ENGINEER LED will flash continuously, indicating the panel is in engineer mode.

YOUR NOW IN ENGINEER MODE.

If a mistake is made in programming, press the RESET key twice and start again.

ENTRY TIME

Enter Eng Mode Enter 30

Two LED’s show (indicating that two keys are to be pressed) Enter new time in seconds (01=10sec; 02=20sec and so on).

EXIT TIME

In ENG MODE Enter 31

Two LED’s show (indicating that two keys are to be pressed) Enter new time in seconds (01=10sec; 02=20sec and so on).

BELL TIME In ENG MODE Enter 21

Two LED’s show (indicating that two keys are to be pressed) Enter new time in seconds (01=5min; 02=10min and so on).

BELL DELAY

In ENG MODE Enter 20

Two LED’s show (indicating that two keys are to be pressed) Enter new time in seconds (01=2min; 02=4min and so on).

SPEAKER DURATION In ENG MODE

Enter 23

Two LED’s show (indicating that two keys are to be pressed) Enter new time in seconds (01=5min; 02=10min and so on).

SPEAKER DELAY In ENG MODE Enter 22

Two LED’s show (indicating that two keys are to be pressed) Enter new time in seconds (01=2min; 02=4min and so on).

AUTO RE-ARM ON (factory set on)

In ENG MODE

Enter 14 ( system will re-arm when bell stops)

AUTO RE-ARM OFF

Over the years we have accumulated a large library of Lancia literature, ranging from general reading to more technical information, including copies of drivers handbooks, workshop manuals, technical data books and other publications.

The examples below is not a complete list.

Lancia Fulvia

Fulvia Repair Shop ManualIssued by Lancia to their service agents, this covers the Series 1 Fulvia in great detail.EnglishFulvia Concise Shop ManualIssued by Lancia to their service agents, this update to the Repair Shop Manual covers the differences between Series 1 and Series 2/3 Fulvias.EnglishFulvia Series 1 Drivers HandbookA professional reproduction of the Series 1 Coupe & Sport drivers handbook.We can also supply the supplements issued by Lancia for special low-volume models such as the 1600HF ‘Fanalone’Fulvia Series 2 Drivers HandbookA professional reproduction of the Series 2 Coupe & Sport drivers handbook.Covers 1300 and 1600 engine sizes.English

Lancia Flavia & 2000

Flavia Repair Shop ManualIssued by Lancia to their service agents, this covers the 815 Series Flavia in great detailEnglish2000 Concise Shop ManualIssued by Lancia to their service agents, this update to the Repair Shop Manual covers the differences between the early model and the Lancia 2000.EnglishBonaldi Duplex Brake Servo guideA workshop manual supplement giving more information regarding the coachbuilt models by Pininfarina, Vignale and Zagato.Inizione manualSupplement to the workshop manual covering the Kugelfischer mechanical fuel injection system as used on the early FlaviasFlavia Coupe / Convertible / Sport supplement A workshop manual supplement giving more information regarding the coachbuilt models by Pininfarina, Vignale and Zagato.2000 Coupe Drivers HandbookA professional reproduction of the 2000 Coupe drivers handbook.Covers both the 2000 Coupe and the 2000HF.English

Lancia Flaminia

Flaminia Repair Shop Manual Issued by Lancia to their service agents, this covers the Flaminia in detail.EnglishFlaminia 3C supplementThis Lancia manual gives further information on the differences on cars with the 3C engine option.Flaminia Drivers Handbooks We can produce a reproduction handbook to keep in the car, whilst you keep the original and increasingly valuable original in a safe place.Bonaldi Duplex Brake Servo guideA workshop manual supplement giving more information concerning the Bonaldi Duplex brake system used on the Flaminia.

Lancia Aurelia

Aurelia Repair Shop Manual Issued by Lancia to their service agents, this covers the Flaminia in detail.English–––

Lancia Montecarlo

Omicron High Level Alarm Manual

Montecarlo Drivers HandbookMontecarlo Workshop ManualMontecarlo Parts Book We have reproduction versions of the Series 1 parts book, and have had the Series 2 microfiche scanned and printed.We also have the 037 parts book.Montecarlo & Scorpion Technical Data Book

Lancia Delta

Delta S1 repair shop manual Covers the first generation Deltas launched in 1979.Delta S2 repair shop manualCovers 1600 turbo with fuel injected engine from 1986 onwards and the GTie model.Integrale Repair Shop ManualCovers the HF4WD and Integrale 8v, 16v and Evo models.S4 workshop manual & drivers handbookWe can obtain reproductions of the Delta S4 spare parts catalogue and the drivers handbook.

Lancia Thema

Thema phase I Shop Manual

Thema phase II Shop Manual

Thema phase III Shop Manual

Thema 8:32 Shop Manual supplement

Lancia Dedra

Dedra Shop manuals volumes 1 & 2: Too big for one binder, volume 1 covers the mechanical aspects, and volume 2 covers the Electrical systems and Bodywork

Dedra Shop manuals volumes 3: Covers the Delta Integrale 4WD model

Lancia Y10

Y10 Shop Manual (volume 1): Covers 1st generation Y10 1000 fire, 1050 touring and 1050 turbo models. English

Omnicron Alarm Manual Instructions

Y10 Shop manual (volume 2): Covers 2nd generation Y10 999 fire, 1108LXie and 1301GTie models. English

Omnicron Alarm Manual Pdf

Y10 Shop Manual (volume 3): Covers the 4WD model. English

[shrinathelectrics]

How Do Overload Relays Switch Protect Motors?

Shrinath Electric is an ISO 9001:2005 ensured organization. It deals with industries like Textile, Chemical, plastic, metal, robotization, and so forth and draws in more than 1500 clients consistently. Its item goes from Panels to switch gears. We are one of the leading.

Electric engines see comprehensive utilization in machines with pivoting segments. However, engines are regularly very costly to keep them from failures, overload relays, etc., were brought into the picture. Electrical over-burden can now and again create grounding issues (short circuits in the engine windings or fringe links). However, it more regularly happens because of sticking or inappropriate current flow.  

Change over switches forestalls engine harm by checking the flow in the engine circuit and breaking the course when an electrical over-burden or a stage disappointment is present. Furthermore, since transfers are a lot less expensive than engines, they give a reasonable method of securing machines. 

ADVANTAGES AND FEATURES OF OVERLOAD PROTECTION RELAYS 

There are various sorts of overload relays to stop overload relays in wires from warm transfers, electromechanical transfers, and electronic transfers of current. Breakers are utilized for securing low-current gadgets like home devices. Warm, electromechanical, 

and electronic transfers are used for securing high-current machines like mechanical engines. Few advantages of using transfers relays are: 

Overload relay switches 

RELIABLE PROTECTION 

Overload transfers remove current to the engine when a high-current circumstance creates a ground shortcoming, electric cutoff mechanical sticking, etc.; they are a cheap method of staying away from fixing or substituting bombed engines from excessive current. 

 LEGITIMATE MATCHING WITH CONTRACTORS 

Project workers convey the high working flows of the principle circuit. They have inbuilt instruments to stifle arcing brought about by the interference of hefty engine flows. When contractors coordinate with warm transfers, the blend gives a decent engine turning over hardware. 

 STARTERS ARE EASY TO OPERATE 

Manual engine starters utilize for turning engines on and off. These electromechanical gadgets are not difficult to introduce and reset after the trip. 

 MOUNTING KITS 

Application-explicit mounting units are accessible for different kinds of over-burden assurance transfers.  

Overload relay switches have a movable current setting that reaches to control their actuation edge. As well as forestalling electrical over-burden, they can likewise distinguish and secure against stage disappointments. Since these transfers frequently work in hot conditions, they give surrounding temperature resistances up to 60° C. 

Overloads likewise accompany programmed or manual resets that are sealable to shield them from dangerous conditions. Transfers again consolidate pause and test capacities to check their functional trustworthiness while not conveying an electrical flow. 

Engine curls debase when they convey more noteworthy flows than planned cutoff and wear out after delayed openness. When flows go above put down certain boundaries, the over-burden assurance hand-off excursions to stay away from harm. 

 STAGE LOSS 

A significant shortcoming class since it is the primary source of engine disappointments causes when one of the periods of the electrical shock to the engine comes up short. 

 OTHERS 

This random class covers an assortment of circumstances like ground blames, slowing down or stuck engines, awkward load nature (counting under burden), and voltage variances. 

 Electronic Shock Relays: These transfers secure against floods in electrical flows—under loads just as over-burdens. Utilizing them will keep vacations from unexpected disappointments and costly fixes. In addition, they help to keep your general upkeep costs low. 

 Mechanical Shock Guards: These automated transfers secure against floods in mechanical force. Force floods can happen in dusty, muggy, and high-temperature conditions. These gadgets withdraw when the power surpasses the little esteem and will reconnect when the force flood vanishes.

If we amalgamate all the workings and characteristics mentioned above, we can derive the advantages of using an overload relays switch. Shrinath Electric also provides distribution of Overload relay switch manufacturers as below.

 L&T Overload relay switches

Thermal overload Switches are insurance gadgets needed in different engine starter blends. L&T Electrical and Automation's scope of contactors supplements the scope of warm over-burden relays. The over-burden transfers have an inherent delicate instrument that shields the engine from over-burden and single staging.

Schneider overload relay switches 

 Schneider over-load relay switches or transfers are perhaps the best makers of overload switches. The relay switches for hire is an imperative gadget that shields the wearing out of the engine, and it furnishes first-class work with a tremendous electric life. 

 siemens overload relay switches 

The 3UA/3UC thermal; overload switches are appropriate for clients from all enterprises, who need ensured ideal reverse time postponed assurance of their electrical burdens. The transfers meet the necessities of IS/IEC 60947-4-1. ... These transfers utilize in the electrical industry for solid overload guarantee. 

 ABB Overload Switches

 Thermal Overload transfers are financial electromechanical assurance gadgets for the principle circuit. They offer solid assurance for engines in case of over-burden or stage disappointment. 

 Srinath Electrics deal with all of the mentioned overload switches and other electrical requirements. So feel free to check out our website, and please do visit us if possible.

[globalmediacampaign]

MySQL Group Replication: Conversion of GR Member to Async Replica (and Back) In the Same Cluster

MySQL Group Replication is a plugin that helps to implement highly available fault-tolerant replication topologies. In this blog, I am going to explain the complete steps involved in the below two topics. How to convert the group replication member to an asynchronous replica How to convert the asynchronous replica to a group replication member Why Am I Converting From GR Back to Old Async? Recently I had a requirement from one of our customers running 5 node GR clusters. Once a month they are doing the bulk read job for generating the business reports. When they are doing the job, it affects the overall cluster performance because of the flow control issues. The node which is executing the read job is overloaded and delays the certification and writes apply process. The read job queries can’t be split across the cluster.  So, they don’t want that particular node as a part of the cluster during the report generation. So, I recommended this approach. The overall job will take 3-4 hours. During that particular time, the topology will be 4 node clusters and one asynchronous replica. Once the job is completed, the async replica node will be again joined to the GR cluster.  For testing this, I have installed and configured the group replication cluster with 5 nodes ( gr1,gr2,gr3,gr4,gr5 ). The cluster is operating with a single primary mode.mysql> select member_host,member_state,member_role,member_version from performance_schema.replication_group_members; +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | member_host | member_state | member_role | member_version | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | gr5         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr4         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr3         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr2         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr1         | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.22         | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)Using Percona Server for MySQL 8.0.22.mysql> select @@version, @@version_commentG *************************** 1. row ***************************         @@version: 8.0.22-13 @@version_comment: Percona Server (GPL), Release 13, Revision 6f7822f 1 row in set (0.01 sec)  Percona Live ONLINE, the open source database conference, is coming up! Registration is now OPEN… and FREE!    How to Convert the Group Replication Member to Asynchronous Replica? To explain this topic,  I am going to convert the group replication member “gr5” to an asynchronous replica. The GR member “gr4” will be the source for “gr5”. Current status:+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | member_host | member_state | member_role | member_version | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | gr5         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr4         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr3         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr2         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr1         | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.22         | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ Step 1:  — Take out the node “gr5” from the cluster.gr5 > stop group_replication; Query OK, 0 rows affected (4.64 sec)Current cluster status:+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | member_host | member_state | member_role | member_version | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | gr4         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr3         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr2         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr1         | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.22         | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+Current “gr5” status:+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | member_host | member_state | member_role | member_version | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | gr5         | OFFLINE      |             |                | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Step 2: Update the connection parameters to not allow communication with other Cluster nodes. gr5 > select @@group_replication_group_seeds, @@group_replication_ip_whitelistG *************************** 1. row ***************************  @@group_replication_group_seeds: 172.28.128.23:33061,172.28.128.22:33061,172.28.128.21:33061,172.28.128.20:33061,172.28.128.19:33061 @@group_replication_ip_whitelist: 172.28.128.23,172.28.128.22,172.28.128.21,172.28.128.20,172.28.128.19 1 row in set (0.00 sec) gr5 > set global group_replication_group_seeds=''; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) gr5 > set global group_replication_ip_whitelist=''; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) gr5 > select @@group_replication_group_seeds, @@group_replication_ip_whitelist; +---------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | @@group_replication_group_seeds | @@group_replication_ip_whitelist | +---------------------------------+----------------------------------+ |                                 |                                  | +---------------------------------+----------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Step 3: Remove the group replication channel configurations and the respective physical files. During the group replication configuration, it will create two channels and the respective files (applier/recovery files). gr5 > select Channel_name from mysql.slave_master_info; +----------------------------+ | Channel_name               | +----------------------------+ | group_replication_applier  | | group_replication_recovery | +----------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@gr5 mysql]# ls -lrth | grep -i replication -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  225 Apr 12 19:18 gr5-relay-bin-group_replication_applier.000001 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql   98 Apr 12 19:18 gr5-relay-bin-group_replication_applier.index -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  226 Apr 12 19:18 gr5-relay-bin-group_replication_recovery.000001 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  273 Apr 12 19:18 gr5-relay-bin-group_replication_recovery.000002 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  100 Apr 12 19:18 gr5-relay-bin-group_replication_recovery.index -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  660 Apr 12 19:18 gr5-relay-bin-group_replication_applier.000002We can remove them by resetting the replica status.gr5 > reset replica all; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) gr5 > select Channel_name from mysql.slave_master_info; Empty set (0.00 sec) [root@gr5 mysql]# ls -lrth | grep -i replication [root@gr5 mysql]# Step 4: Configure asynchronous replication. To configure, we don’t need to manually update the binlog/gtid positions. Group replication will run based on the GTID. The node was already configured as a member in the same group so it should already have the GTID entries. gr5 > select @@gtid_executed, @@gtid_purgedG *************************** 1. row *************************** @@gtid_executed: ae2434f6-2be4-4d15-a5dc-fd54919b79b0:1-8, b93e0429-989d-11eb-ad7b-5254004d77d3:1   @@gtid_purged: ae2434f6-2be4-4d15-a5dc-fd54919b79b0:1-2, b93e0429-989d-11eb-ad7b-5254004d77d3:1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)Just need to run the CHANGE MASTER command.gr5 > change master to master_user='gr_repl',master_password='Repl@321',master_host='gr4',master_auto_position=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.05 sec) gr5 > start replica; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) gr5 > pager grep -i 'Master_Host|Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running|Seconds_Behind_Master' PAGER set to 'grep -i 'Master_Host|Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running|Seconds_Behind_Master'' gr5 > show slave statusG                   Master_Host: gr4              Slave_IO_Running: Yes             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0       Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)So, finally, the current topology is: We have 4 node group replication clusters ( gr1, gr2, gr3, gr4 ). The node “gr5” is configured as an async replica under the “gr4”. How to Convert the Async Replica to Group Replication Member? To explain this topic:  I am going to break the asynchronous replication on “gr5”. Then, I will join the node “gr5” to the group replication cluster. Step 1: Break replication on “gr5” and reset the replica.gr5 > stop replica; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) gr5 > reset replica all; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) gr5 > show replica statusG Empty set (0.00 sec) Step 2: Configure the connection parameters to join to the cluster. gr5 > select @@group_replication_group_seeds, @@group_replication_ip_whitelist; +---------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | @@group_replication_group_seeds | @@group_replication_ip_whitelist | +---------------------------------+----------------------------------+ |                                 |                                  | +---------------------------------+----------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) gr5 > set global group_replication_group_seeds='172.28.128.23:33061,172.28.128.22:33061,172.28.128.21:33061,172.28.128.20:33061,172.28.128.19:33061'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) gr5 > set global group_replication_ip_whitelist='172.28.128.23,172.28.128.22,172.28.128.21,172.28.128.20,172.28.128.19'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) gr5 > select @@group_replication_group_seeds, @@group_replication_ip_whitelistG *************************** 1. row ***************************  @@group_replication_group_seeds: 172.28.128.23:33061,172.28.128.22:33061,172.28.128.21:33061,172.28.128.20:33061,172.28.128.19:33061 @@group_replication_ip_whitelist: 172.28.128.23,172.28.128.22,172.28.128.21,172.28.128.20,172.28.128.19 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Step 3: Configure the channel for “group_replication_recovery”. gr5 > change master to master_user='gr_repl',master_password='Repl@321' for channel 'group_replication_recovery'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)Note: No need to configure the GTID parameters before starting the group replication service, because the node was already configured as an async replica in the same group. So, when starting the group replication service, it will automatically start with the last GTID position executed by async replication and start to sync the rest of the data. Step 4: Start the group replication servicegr5 > start group_replication; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (3.02 sec)Final status:mysql> select member_host,member_state,member_role,member_version from performance_schema.replication_group_members; +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | member_host | member_state | member_role | member_version | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ | gr5         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr4         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr3         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr2         | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.22         | | gr1         | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.22         | +-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)I hope this blog post will be helpful to someone, who is learning or working with MySQL Group replication. Cheers! https://www.percona.com/blog/2021/04/19/mysql-group-replication-conversion-of-gr-member-to-async-replica-and-back-in-the-same-cluster/

[lhs3020b]

The Renegade

I’ve had several ideas for alternative ends for ME3. I figured, what the hell, I might as well write one of them down.

The story below the cut is a frustrating one - I have the beginning (it’s right here) and I have this, the end. What I don’t have, and probably never will, is the bits in the middle.

Still, I do feel like Reaper!Shep might have an interesting tale to tell, even if it is rather dark. Just how far would you go to win ... ?

               ‘Harbinger. You’re late.’

               Shepard looked irritated, as well she might. Whilst a necessity, this wasn’t a welcome encounter. She shifted in the chair. The opera house surrounded them on all sides. High above, dark chandeliers reflected glitters of light from stage show down below. Luxurious chairs were ordered into tiered rows, curving out on either side of them.

               Harbinger’s Collector form had injected itself into the row adjacent to her. The familiar crackles of energy moved over its body – electric discharges, she understood now, little surges of plasma running through the air. Dramatic to look at, they were a by-product of the powerful dark energy fields the Collector’s biotics could summon. Shepard’s lips pursed in amusement. She now understood that the light-show was actually accidental, an unintended by-product of mass effect physics. For all of their technological superiority, the Reapers had never quite figured out how to get rid of the unsubtle corona. The gods themselves were fallible – but then, she wouldn’t be sat here right now, having this meeting, if they were all-knowing.

               Harbinger’s glowing eyes regarded her. ‘Shepard,’ it said. ‘What are you doing?’

               ‘Watching the show,’ she said, waving an arm expansively at the stage below them. Many tiers of seats down, near the floor of the grand old opera house, the band were holding forth. Giant speakers loomed over them and coloured lights strobed over the scene. Riffs cascaded out and the throbbing of drums washed over them. None of the players showed any awareness of their audience – but then, they wouldn’t.

               Harbinger spared a glance for the band. ‘Expel 10?’ it rasped. ‘Really, Shepard?’

               She shrugged. ‘I like them. And I’ll damn well listen to whatever I want. Oh, by the way? Fuck you.’ With studied insolence, she took a look at her own fingernails.

               Harbinger wasn’t one for subtlety. It said, ‘You’re wasting your time.’

               ‘No, I don’t think so.’

               ‘You just crossed the orbit of Mars.’

               ‘Yes, I know.’

               ‘You’ve only got another twenty-eight minutes to Earth.’

               ‘Less for me. Quite a bit less for me. Relativistic effects – Einstein’s such a pissy bitch. Just as well I’m overclocking the fuck out of this, really.’

               ‘You’re still accelerating,’ Harbinger said.

               ‘Are you here to bore me to death? I know that.’ Shepard mimed a yawn.

Down below on the stage, the drummer exploded. It was quite sudden. Gizzards fountained everywhere. A drumstick hit the guitarist on the head. He batted it away with a hand and an irritated scowl. For a moment, the music fell silent.

               Harbinger couldn’t lift an eyebrow because it didn’t have any. Its metadata surged with puzzlement, which had much the same effect.

               Shepard shrugged. ‘Spinal Tap. And if you don’t get the reference, then go fuck yourself.’

               In the interval another drummer had spawned. The band was playing again. A wave of sound flooded the opera house.

               Harbinger said nothing.

               Shepard glared at it. ‘Well? Are you just going to stand there, like a fucking sack of spuds? Or are you intruding on me for some purpose?’

               ‘Omen has the Citadel,’ it said.

               ‘For all the good it will do it,’ Shepard said. ‘Even Omen’s got limits. And it’s time runs out in, oh, just under half an hour. Non-relativistically speaking, I mean. Not an awful lot it can do in that time.’

               ‘The Citadel is closed,’ Harbinger said.

               ‘Speed-check,’ she said, fixing it with a look. ‘How fast am I going?’

               ‘You already know that.’

               ‘Answer. The. Fucking. Question.’

               ‘If you insist. Relative to Sol, I measure you at ninety-eight percent of cee. And you’re still accelerating.’

               ‘Yeah,’ Shepard said. ‘There’s your answer. Sure, the Citadel’s closed. Won’t help it when something two kilometres long hits it at just under the speed of light. Ramming. Sometimes the old ones are the gold ones, no?’

               ‘I don’t believe you,’ Harbinger said.

               ‘Oh for – fine.’ Shepard glowered at her unwanted guest. ‘Fine. If you absolutely must waste my remaining time. Fine.’

               She snapped her fingers. The band, the seats, the opera house, they all blinked away. Because of course none of it was real. A simulated environment, running on her already-overloaded memory-diamond circuits. Microscopic mass effect fields, manipulating electrons and holes, shunting trace-element dopings backward and forward, the underlying physical fabric of the monolithic computing power that was now available to her. In the final analysis, knowledge was the only power that there truly was, and everything that matters can be described in data form.

               For a moment Shepard and Harbinger were stood in a white void.

               It said to her, ‘Your loading screens need work.’

               ‘Fuck you. Minimalism’s in this year, cuttlefish.’

               Still, the awkward truth was, Harbinger had a point. At this high a velocity, Shepard’s clocks were running slow compared to anyone else’s. Nearly twenty times slower than a stationary observer, in fact. Shepard was compensating, running her hardware harder and faster, parallelising and virtualising and optimising the shit out of every single one and zero than wandered inside arm’s reach. Still, even then, there were limits. Flipping bits was a form of physical work, and where work was done, entropy demanded its sacrifice. Her processing core was starting to heat up. It wasn’t critical yet, but a couple of hours of this would be dangerous. The cooling system was doing what it could, but it was dependent on radiative power, and this deep inside the galaxy, this close to a hot, bright Sun, it wasn’t working so well. The cooling radiators were optimised for the reliable, friendly coldness of dark space.

               There was, she had to acknowledge, a certain amusing irony. While the galaxy certainly came off worse, its starry, photon-rich disk did take a certain revenge on Reapers.

               Harbinger said, ‘This loading is tedious.’

               She said, ‘Well, you can go any time you want. Believe me, tin fucker, I don’t want you in my head.’

               ‘You don’t have a head,’ it said. The thing was, Harbinger wasn’t being sarcastic – it was, at the end of the day, a machine. Maybe an incredibly ancient and powerful one, but still a machine. It was prone to unexpected outbursts of over-literalness, and it had a weak grasp on idiomatic expression.

               Shepard sighed. ‘No,’ she said. ‘Thanks to you, I don’t have a head anymore.’

               ‘This wasn’t intentional,’ Harbinger said.

               ‘Your friend had an overly-clever plan, and it blew up on you.’

               ‘Omen is not my friend. I do not have friends.’

               ‘And that,’ Shepard said with asperity, ‘is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.’

               While she didn’t mention this to Harbinger, the slowness of her rendering processes was a concern. They’d been stood in this void for entire microseconds. That it was taking this long to simulate a new environment showed what a strain her systems were under. But, there was no alternative. Omen had the Citadel. Once it had control, that was the end. The only thing that had already prevented disaster was the malicious code the protheans had injected into the Citadel’s systems, thousands of years before. The last intelligence that Shepard had received from Garrus, Tali and Legion suggested that the Reaper was trying to effectively reset the Citadel to factory settings. Once Omen was done rebooting the central relay, it would have the entire network.

               And once it had the network, it would send its signal.

               Shepard remembered that final hour in her old, human body all too well. They hadn’t believed it at first – no-one wanted to believe it. The Crucible was a lie. It wasn’t a superweapon that killed Reapers – it was an indoctrination booster, a superpowered brain-squick machine. Once it was plugged into the Citadel, and the relay network was online, it would blanket the galaxy in a storm of quantum white noise. The all-points broadcast would reach everything with a central nervous system.

               The entire galaxy, handed on a plate to the Reapers. No, even worse than that – to Omen. At one time, Shepard hadn’t wanted to believe that there was something worse than the cuttlefish, but it turned out that there was. The Reapers thought of themselves as gardeners, albeit a dark and bloodstained sort of gardening. Omen, however, thought of itself as an emperor. Or perhaps a god. Certainly once it held the Crucible-Citadel quantum antenna in its mechanical talons, it could make a plausible claim for godhood.

               Finally, the new environment blinked into life around them. Shepard shook her simulated head, feeling a momentary surge of electronic irritation.

               They were stood in a rocky tunnel, the sort that could be hastily cut with fusion torches deep inside dead moons. Groaning pipes ran along the ceiling, spurts of cool and dry air emerged from grills and light was supplied by irregularly-placed lights.

               ‘What is this?’ Harbinger asked.

               Shepard said, ‘Let me take a guess. You’re here because you don’t believe me, aren’t you? You don’t think I’d actually fucking do it?’

               ‘You have the data,’ Harbinger said. ‘You know what would happen.’

               She shrugged. ‘Harby, dear boy, I was at Bahak. Have you forgotten? I so enjoyed our little tete-a-tete – remember all the insults we traded?’

               The luminous Collector said nothing, merely standing there in front of her.

               Shepard sighed. ‘I know perfectly well what will happen when I pop the Citadel. It’s the biggest mass relay ever built. Don’t forget, I have your blueprints now!’ It was true, she did. While her access-rights to the Reapers’ intranet had been cut off the moment they realised what had woken up amongst them, nonetheless there had been entire milliseconds before the alarms went off. For her new body, that was a lifetime. Many lifetimes. She’d binged on the feast of data within their archives. So many questions, so many answers.

               Liara, she couldn’t help but think, would have paid good money for this.

               Shepard said, ‘Popping the Alpha Relay was equivalent to a Type II supernova. Popping the Citadel would be … bigger.’

               ‘Larger than some gamma-ray bursts,’ Harbinger supplied. ‘It would incinerate everything that orbits Sol. Probably the star too. And the radiation would kill everything alive within the Local Cluster.’

               Actually, that was probably an understatement. Normal gamma-ray bursters emitted their energy along tightly-focussed beaming cones. That was how they could kill even at thousands of parsecs – there was little step-down with increased distance. If you were looking down the cone, you would die a fiery death, your DNA shredded by high-energy particles and your soft tissues shock-heated into flame. The Citadel’s detonation would be more conventionally spherically-symmetric, so it would fade out a lot faster, of course. It would still roast everything for dozens of parsecs around it.

               ‘The Earth won’t survive,’ Harbinger added. ‘The energy release would be sufficient to boil off the planet.’

               She shrugged. ‘I know. Largest single high-energy event since the Big Bang. If you’re gonna go out, go large, y’know?’

               ‘I cannot see how this advantages you or your allies.’

               Shepard sighed. ‘Do I have to spell it out? It kills all of you. Ninety percent of your fleet – ninety! – is in the Solar System. The Crucible was a trap. You waited till all our forces were here, then you brought in all of yours.’

               But it had been a multi-levelled trap. The Reapers had tricked the Council cultures, that was true. The supposedly-prothean designs on Mars were another fraud. Actually, Liara had suspected as much, right from the start. Even while the Crucible was being cobbled together, she’d been digging and digging, spotting the inconsistencies, the little lies and the traces of ancient mistakes. She’d been compiling a dossier, intending to take it to the Council once she was sure. And that was why Hackett had arrested her – couldn’t have the war effort disrupted now, could he? Ironically, his actions might just have spared Liara’s life. Wherever she was, it would be a long way from Sol. She might just be far enough away to survive whatever happened in the next half hour.

               Sol was a trap.

               Thing is, the Reapers had been trapped too. From outside, they looked monolithic, but they weren’t. Their consciousnesses were bound up in their ship-forms – while they had a network, they were discrete nodes within it. They weren’t a varying continuum the way the geth were. In fact, there was remarkably-little similarity between geth architecture and Reaper deep structure. The two machine societies were quite distinct, different in almost every way.

               The Reapers believed they were gardening the galaxy, shepherding its limited resources, extending its lifespan through judicious pruning. Right at the dawn of the cycles, she now understood, they had mounted expeditions. They had travelled across the void to the other galaxies. And everywhere they’d gone, they’d found the same. Chaos, dead worlds, rampant entropy. Unchecked organic growth cycles, burning through all available resources in sudden spasms of exponential growth. Chastened, the vast machines had returned to their native galaxy, vowing not to allow it to fall to the same fate as the others, promising to preserve it for as long as they could in the face of the encroaching cosmological heat-death.

               (For a moment she recalled Thane, and the time they talked of the fate that befell Rakhana.)

               But, but, but – the cold equations of thermodynamics were unforgiving. The arithmetic of entropy and conservation of energy made their demands. While large, the Universe’s supply of free energy was finite. It could be exhausted – it would be exhausted. Heat death could be delayed, but never cancelled. Faced with this basic fact, this blunt truth of life in a finite cosmos, opinions varied about what to do. What course of action was the most efficient? Which pruning would save the most energy, and which was false economy? These were not easy debates. The Reapers, Shepard now knew, had internal politics. While their equilibria were ancient, they were also brittle. After millions of years, factions were emerging, spreading skeins of uncertainty and deceit. The whole balance of power had been wobbling for millennia. Shepard’s efforts since 2183 had played an unwitting part in destabilising it further. It was how Omen had been able to challenge Harbinger for the leadership, swapping a monster for a tyrant. Sol had been a trap for the organics, but it had been a trap for the Reapers as well. Omen had what it needed, and it was within an electronic hair’s breadth of taking the entire galaxy.

               Shepard added, ‘And it kills Omen. I am not handing this galaxy to that little shit.’

               Harbinger said, ‘At the cost of Earth, Luna, Mars and everyone on them.’

               ‘People whom you are busy killing right now,’ Shepard said. ‘People who won’t survive you. And who certainly won’t survive Omen’s ascendancy.’

               ‘You propose genocide as the cure for genocide? This logic seems circular. Maybe you should get your error-checking hardware cleaned out. Or have you already succumbed to bit-rot?’

               ‘Oh Harby, miaow!’ Shepard rendered a handbag into simulated pseudo-existence, then swung it at Harbinger. To her amusement, the Collector actually ducked.

               With a flick of her wrist she sent the handbag away. That had been fun, she had to admit.

               She shook her head. ‘No, actually.’

               Harbinger seemed puzzled. ‘Then what are you doing?’

               ‘This? Oh, this is Plan B.’ Shepard waved a hand airily.

               Harbinger seemed puzzled. ‘Plan B? But the Crucible has failed. There never was a Plan A – or rather, it was ours.’

               ‘Omen’s, you mean,’ she said. ‘Sorry, Harbinger, but I have your number. You’re too much of a traditionalist. You believe in gardening the galaxy, but you don’t believe in subjugating it.’

               Omen, of course, had entirely-different opinions. It believed it knew better. It believed it knew the path of perfect energy-efficiency. It believed it could eek out the longest life for the galaxy before heat death finally snuffed it out, unthinkable trillions of years into the deep future. But its plans required only the one voice – Omen’s voice. No other thoughts could be allowed, not even those of the other Reapers. Omen had told Shepard as much, in as many words, the last time they’d spoken.

               Harbinger was silent.

               ‘Harbinger,’ Shepard said, ‘Omen means your end. You know this. It’s the ultimate chess-master. You’ve seen how it arranged the pieces. How it led Nazara to his end.’

               That had been the critical insight, the one that had got Liara arrested, and the one that had sent Shepard off down this bizarre path. It was remarkable what you could hide in plain sight, really. But wasn’t it strange – wasn’t it downright eerie – that the Reapers had never noticed the presence of the Relay Monument? An actual mass relay, on board their own space station, right under their tin noses. And somehow they’d never sensed it, even though at some point the protheans had physically-carried it there all the way from Ilos.

               Almost as if someone was stopping them from seeing it.

               Omen had known all about the Relay Monument, the whole time. It had written the base code that formed the Citadel’s systems. It knew the Citadel better than anyone. It had felt the changes as the protheans had entered, felt footfalls and disturbances where there should only be silence. And Omen, crafty Omen, had said nothing.

               Harbinger said, ‘Shepard. I know I have made … mistakes.’

               She sighed. She knew that was a big admission for Harbinger, but it wasn’t enough. ‘Yeah, like you lost control of your own regime. Nice work there, big guy!’

               Harbinger actually winced a little at that. ‘Ten minutes to Earth,’ it told her. ‘I want you to call this off. This is futile. Omen has won.’

               ‘No it hasn’t. There’s still Plan A.’

               ‘The Crucible-‘

               ‘Oh you annoying tin fuck, the Crucible was never Plan A!’ Shepard realised she was more annoyed than ever. Perhaps it was how hot her core cognitive circuits were getting. Throughout the memory diamond, arrays were buckling as thermal noise polluted their crystalline order. Phonons were disintegrating and quantum coherence was fading. She was pushing her hardware well beyond even its generous limits, and that was having perfectly-predictable adverse consequences.

               ‘Then what was Plan A?’ Harbinger asked.

               She shrugged. ‘I may as well tell you. It’s pretty old-school, really. A big fat bomb. We’re going to stick it right under Omen’s nose, then blow the shit out of him.’

               Over inside the Citadel, that was what Garrus, Tali and Legion would be doing right now – humping a big fat bomb across a ruined post-apocalyptic cityscape, doubtless swarming with Cannibals, Banshees and all the other horrors that Reaper nanotech could make. They would have come in exactly as the plan dictated, just like they had three years ago, through the Ilos Relay. The one single mass relay in the entire galaxy that didn’t share its data with the Reapers. It would be guarded, that was to be expected, but Shepard knew her allies. If anyone could get through, it would be them.

               Them, and a hundred megatons of canned sunshine.

               ‘What?’ Harbinger was actually surprised. ‘Why are you telling me this?’

               Shepard sighed. ‘Because you see, there’s another element I need.’

               ‘You do know a hydrogen bomb alone can’t kill Omen,’ Harbinger said.

               ‘No, but it will hurt him. Stun him. Knock his kinetic barriers offline for a few minutes.’

               Harbinger was silent for a moment. Then: ‘Granted that will annoy it. And I do see the appeal of poking it in the eye. But it won’t do more than that.’

               ‘Yes it will,’ Shepard said, feeling a surge of triumph. ‘Shall I tell you why?’

               ‘If you insist.’

               ‘Because when Omen goes offline, fleet command defaults back to you. And in a minute, you’re going to give me the access keys for the Reaper fleet. And when I have the keys, I’m going to use the lot of you to blast Omen into dust. Then, when that’s done, I send the lot of you back through the Citadel Relay, out into dark space. And I make it very clear you are never to come back – go pester some other fucking galaxy, or compute pi to a quadrillion digits. Or whatever the fuck you do at the weekend. I don’t fucking care, as long as we never see you again. Oh, and once you’re gone, I’ll use your keys to lock you permanently out of the Citadel. You won’t be coming back. Think of it as an extended vacation. After several billion years, you must’ve accrued some holiday-time, am I right?’

               Harbinger said, ‘Shepard. While Omen is my enemy, so are you. By your own admission. Even though you have one of our bodies now, you refuse to be one of us. Why would I be stupid enough to give you the keys? You’d use them to deactivate us.’

               ‘Because if you don’t give me the keys,’ she said, ‘I go ahead with Plan B and kill you all anyway. If you do what I want, though, you might get to live. Yes, I could be lying. That’s possible. But, I might not be. Both Omen and my Plan B will end you. My Plan A is the only one where maybe you get to live. Frankly, you have to take this. Game theory demands it. I have all the cards here.’

               Harbinger said, ‘We know this is a bluff.’

               Shepard shook her head. ‘Oh no it isn’t.’

               ‘Your Plan B kills all organics.’

               ‘No it doesn’t. There are still colonies. Even now, there are still colonies.’

               ‘You wouldn’t kill Earth. You wouldn’t kill your own kind.’

               Shepard said, ‘I figured you’d say that.’

               ‘Did you?’

               ‘Yes. I also figured you’d ask me all the wrong questions.’

               Harbinger said, ‘These are the wrong questions? Then what are the right questions?’

               ‘The right question is, where are we? And I’ll tell you where we are. See this tunnel around us? It’s Torfan.’

               ‘One of the first actions of your career,’ Harbinger said. There was just a hint of uncertainty in its voice now.

               ‘Yes,’ Shepard said. She smiled. It wasn’t nice. ‘And we’re here for a reason. I’m going to show you exactly how far I’m willing to go. You have the cute idea that I’m bluffing. I’m going to show you that I’m not bluffing. Welcome to Torfan, Harbinger. Watch and learn…’

[mischief-rei]

Haunting Past

Pain was becoming an overloaded sensation. She didn’t know what from however. She wasn’t injured anymore. No bones were broken. Rei coiled inwardly on the couch, getting into a tight ball as her small frame shook violently. She pondered if it was due to the recent reset or her past death transferring the phantom aliments that resulted in her passing.

It would’ve made sense had it not been for the migraine and severe stomach pain. She never really experienced leg, shoulder, arm, neck, or pretty much pain in any other part of the body despite the many deadly wounds she had received during past timelines.

It was these moments where she was drawn to alcohol. She was under aged for it, but it was the only thing that’d numb the agonizing knife that continually stabbed her insides. She’d replace whatever she pilfered from the household, managing to convince the general store owner along the way she was running an errand for the drinker of the family. The rabbit didn’t appear to mind for she didn’t believe Rei would care for any sort of booze, as most kids can’t stand the taste let alone smell.

When drinks didn’t cut it, Rei would seek the few doctor’s she knew of. 

Astrix would look her over, being very thorough in the process, but would ultimately see nothing needing attention. He’d give her otc meds that were ok for a child’s body to handle, but those didn’t do a thing for the level of pain she was enduring. Bast did the exact same thing, though acted more concerned than Astrix did. Lastly she went to Alphys, whom feigned ignorance by saying she was a scientist and not in any sort of medical field. 

So she gave up asking around. Even when the pains were too harsh to bare or if there was something entirely new about how the pains felt, she endured it without saying a word to anyone. It wasn’t until someone came by to check on her that she put together what was wrong.

The king ridiculed her for a while for giving up so soon and relaying on drinking to solve the issue. He then stopped when his paw lightly went over the child’s stomach. “You claimed that someone retrieved you from your uncle. Do you or him recall your...state of dress, Rei?...” Gruff asked. Rei looked up at him in confusion. “Were you wearing anything different?” he tried to be more blunt.

Rei paled. She remembered. 

[lneyachiller-blog]

How to solve the problem of refrigeration pump circulator pump failure?

Cooling heating devices are required in many chemical pharmaceutical and laboratory applications. Then how to solve the failure of the refrigeration heating device is also concerned about how to solve it?

1. Circulating pump failure The circulating pump fault is generally the thermal overload of the circulating pump. There are four main reasons for this fault: The first is that the outer circulating pipeline of the heat conducting oil is too long. At this time, it is necessary to shorten the outer circulation pipeline, reduce the bending of the outer circulation pipeline, and then click Equipment electrical cabinet surface thermal relay Reset button; the second is the circulation pipeline blockage, cooling and heating device which is good to tell everyone, check the circulation pipeline cleaning, install the filter, and then click the equipment electrical cabinet surface thermal relay Reset button; The third is that the circulating pump voltage is too low. It is recommended to measure whether the circulating pump voltage meets the specified range, improve the voltage environment, click the Reset button of the equipment electrical cabinet surface thermal relay; the fourth is that the thermal relay regulates the current too small. At this time, it is recommended to measure the pump current. Compare the range of thermal relays, Phillips screwdriver to properly rotate the thermal relay current, click on the equipment electrical cabinet surface thermal relay Reset button. 2. Sensor failure A great possibility of sensor failure is wiring error. Once the fault is encountered, check the wiring situation. At this time, you should pay attention to two situations, one is sensor short circuit or temperature <-160 °C, and the other is sensor open circuit or temperature > 349 ° C. If the sensor is short-circuited or the temperature is <-160 °C, it may be the fault of the sensor itself. At this time, it is recommended to replace the sensor (there is a spare sensor in the equipment slot). If the sensor is wired incorrectly, It is recommended to check the wiring (corrected circuit diagram) correction.

If the sensor is open circuit or the temperature is >349°C, it should be the fault of the sensor itself. It is necessary to replace the sensor in time (there is a spare sensor in the equipment slot). At this time, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the temperature is too high and the temperature is too high. Check whether the temperature is exceeded. Range, if the equipment is not powered, pay attention to check the power supply of the equipment. These two faults of the cooling heating device are still relatively simple. I believe that everyone who has seen the sharing can solve it very quickly.

[industry5566-blog]

Circuit Breaker Information

This guide walks you through the process of applying circuit breakers to potentially failing method calls by using the Netflix Hystrix fault tolerance library. Ground fault protection or monitoring from 30mA to 30A. Circuit breakers below rated voltage of 1000V are known as the low voltage circuit breakers and above 1000V are called the PG GARDY circuit breaker . In terms of the physics involved, a short circuit allows for a sudden unimpeded flow of electricity due to lowered resistance, and this sudden increase in current flow within the breaker causes the tripping mechanism to activate. Circuit breakers are measures used to curb panic-selling on U.S. stock exchanges. If the operation fails, an exception handler calls TrackException, which sets the circuit breaker state to open. In that case you can add ".transport.NotFound" to the circuit breaker whitelist so that it is not considered a failure. The circuit breaks after a certain number of child policy failures, within a given sampling window (for example, "over the last 5 seconds"). Circuit OverloadsA circuit overload is one of the main reasons why circuit breakers trip constantly. PEARL membership is validation of our longstanding commitment to quality and adherence to the highest standards, and strict technical, safety, and operational requirements to ensure the proper recycling and reuse of electrical power equipment. Circuit breakers are a valuable place for monitoring. You can use Hystrix with Vert.x instead of this circuit breaker or in combination of. This section describes the tricks to use Hystrix in a vert.x application. 3VA molded case circuit breakers. If that call succeeds, the circuit is closed; if it fails, however, the circuit is opened again until another timeout i.e. 60 seconds elapses. Circuit breakers are brought into effect if trading occurs outside of these predefined parameters. When the circuit breaker detects early symptoms of memory exhaustion, it automatically "trips" and limits instrumentation. Air circuit breakers—Rated current up to 6,300 A and higher for generator circuit breakers. The Trip method switches the state of the circuit breaker to the open state and records the exception that caused the change in state, together with the date and time that the exception occurred. When too many appliances or light fixtures are operating at the same time, the internal sensing mechanism in the circuit breaker heats up, and the breaker "trips," usually by means of a spring-loaded component within the breaker. These should be used in conjunction with judicious timeouts at the interfaces between remote systems to prevent the failure of a single component from bringing down all components. Here's a simple example of this behavior in Ruby, protecting against timeouts. As with hard shorts, if a ground fault is present, the circuit breaker may trip again immediately after you reset it. In software, a circuit breaker protects your services from being spammed while already being partly unavailable due to high load. In the case of circuit breakers, the immediate answer is to find the breaker that has tripped and reset the lever to the ON position. According to Wikipedia the definition of Circuit Breaker in Electrical technology. For electricity grids, the introduction of the new ABB concept circuit breaker is as dramatic as the switch from vacuum tubes to transistors, which heralded the start of the digital age. You will use this client to trip” the circuit breaker policies you set in the DestinationRule. And you probably also know that when all the lights and fixtures in a portion of the house go dark or dead at the same time, it's because one of those circuit breakers has "tripped" or one of those fuses as blown. GE's solution for Pumped Storage Power Plant (PSPP) offers an integrated package of protection schemes, including generator circuit breaker, phase reverse disconnector, braking, starting and back-to-back switches. Should the call succeed, the circuit breaker resets and returns to the closed state, ready for more routine operation. Shunt trips may be a user fitted accessory to a standard breaker, or supplied as an integral part of the circuit breaker. Once you have a circuit mapped out and the electrical loads added up, you'll be able to tell if you can plug more devices into the circuit without overloading it.

High current air circuit breakers up to 1600 A in a unique compact size. Hystrix provides an implementation of the circuit breaker pattern. Prices mostly recovered by market close, but the failure of the post-1987 circuit breakers to halt the crash caused the regulators to update the circuit breaker system. Take a look at all of Eaton's molded case circuit breakers. You will build a microservice application that uses the circuit breaker pattern to gracefully degrade functionality when a method call fails. A flexible, high-performance offer, certified to global standards for ratings from 70 to 250 A. The PowerPact H, J, and L-frame circuit breakers are designed to protect electrical systems from damage caused by overloads and short circuits. Our circuit breaker is threshold-based, so if a sample size x of y% requests fail, the breaker will trip. It is intended for use on circuit breakers with one contact per phase. Retry pattern Describes how an application can handle anticipated temporary failures when it tries to connect to a service or network resource by transparently retrying an operation that has previously failed. Circuit breakers are lever-operated devices with ON-OFFs witches, while fuses are glass and ceramic cylinders with screw-in sockets. Future Ready MasterPact MTZ is a comprehensive range of air circuit breakers designed to protect electrical systems from damage caused by overloads, short circuits and equipment ground faults. Power circuit breakers and medium- and high-voltage circuit breakers used for industrial or electric power systems are designed and tested to ANSI or IEEE standards in the C37 series. The range has the same footprint as ComPact NSXm circuit breakers with compatible accessories up to 160 A. Usually you'll also want some kind of monitor alert if the circuit breaker trips. Miniature circuit breaker (MCB)—rated current not more than 100 A. Trip characteristics normally not adjustable. Once a fault is detected, the circuit breaker contacts must open to interrupt the circuit; this is commonly done using mechanically stored energy contained within the breaker, such as a spring or compressed air to separate the contacts. The electronic trip unit of the air circuit breakers is available in different versions. The Circuit Breaker course has been designed to fill this gap in the secondary prevention space. Medium-voltage circuit breakers nearly always use separate current sensors and protective relays , instead of relying on built-in thermal or magnetic overcurrent sensors. The Transmitter is connected to the electrical outlet or fixture in the circuit while the receiver is used to scan the breakers in the circuit panel. Sometimes you want to configure the circuit breaker for a given endpoint so it ignores a certain exception. Grid-edge electrical architectures depend on energy storage systems - whether they are at a household or industrial scale. The ABB circuit breaker will make electrical distribution systems more reliable and efficient and will drive down maintenance costs while meeting the durability demands of next-generation electrical grids. Miniature circuit breakers used to protect control circuits or small appliances may not have sufficient interrupting capacity to use at a panel board; these circuit breakers are called "supplemental circuit protectors" to distinguish them from distribution-type circuit breakers. To understand circuit breakers, it helps to know how household electricity works. The Circuit Breaker pattern provides stability while the system recovers from a failure and minimizes the impact on performance. In recent years, the National Electrical Code , the model code on which most local electrical codes are based, has gradually increased requirements for a special type of circuit breaker, known as an arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI). The Circuit Breaker component enters into this state when it finishes the predefined waiting time. Micrologic electronic trip units are designed for use in both PowerPact and Masterpact circuit breakers. Built on 60 years of innovative and reliable protection, our world-class ComPact NSX & NSXm molded-case circuit breakers up to 630A now feature integrated earth leakage protection.

Santon has developed Sidunn conversion sets for the installation of new Merlin Gerin Masterpact NT or NW circuit- breakers in existing distribution equipment for the replacement of obsolete circuit-breakers. Our circuit breakers are applied in panelboards, switchboards, motor control centers, control panels, combination starters, individual enclosures, and bus duct plug-in units. With this functionality, different Apply Circuit Breaker assertions can allow their nested policy to execute for some requests, but not others. A circuit breaker acts as a proxy for operations that might fail. When electricity enters your home, it goes to a circuit breaker box (or fuse box in older homes), where it's divided into a number of circuits. The circuit breaks after a specified number of latency failures. Unlike their market-wide counterparts, these individual circuit breakers go into effect whether the price moves up or down. You can create dynamic circuits at runtime by configuring the Apply Circuit Breaker assertion to use context variables in a Custom Event Tracker ID. These dynamic circuits apply to the same blocks of policy, but have different failure event histories and circuit states since they have different Event Trackers. These are used on overhead electric power distribution systems, to prevent short duration faults from causing sustained outages. This technological breakthrough is combined with new embedded predictive power management software, protection algorithms and higher levels of connectivity. This condition can create conductive ionized gases and molten or vaporized metal, which can cause further continuation of the arc, or creation of additional short circuits, potentially resulting in the explosion of the circuit breaker and the equipment that it is installed in. Therefore, circuit breakers must incorporate various features to divide and extinguish the arc. E, a 20-amp breaker with thicker, No. 12 wire can carry more current than a 15-amp circuit with No. 14 wire. If you experience tripping of the circuit breakers quite frequently, it is time to call in the professionals to investigate the problem. When the Policy Failure Circuit trips, routing for all the developers cease, even if their requests were succeeding. 3WL air circuit breakers are available in four sizes, each featuring a 3- and 4-pole design, and cover a power range from 630 A to 6,300 A. The modular portfolio offers flexibility and provides for easy assembly and subsequent adjustment. MasterPact NT and NW UL 489 listed is a range of air circuit breakers designed to protect electrical systems from damage caused by overloads, short circuits and equipment ground faults, and complying with UL 489 requirements. Here you will find important information, documents, and addresses relating to low-voltage power distribution and electrical installation technology. Its speed maximizes the performance of power distribution systems, while maintaining service continuity. When an emergency or disaster strikes, CBS Northeast has dedicated engineers, technicians, complete manufacturing facilities including sheet-metal machining capability, and a huge inventory of all manufacturers' obsolete, surplus, and new electrical equipment and replacement parts, enabling us to restore your power quickly and safely. The proxy should monitor the number of recent failures that have occurred, and use this information to decide whether to allow the operation to proceed, or simply return an exception immediately. These typically require a separate power source, such as a battery , although some high-voltage circuit breakers are self-contained with current transformers , protective relays , and an internal control power source. The purpose of the timeout timer is to give the system time to fix the problem that caused the failure before allowing the application to try to perform the operation again. In every interval, failure records older than the interval are removed from Event Trackers (for example, using the default value: every 10 minutes, failures older than 10 minutes are removed).

Otherwise, if there is a failure the timeout period begins again. Circuit breakers are manufactured in standard sizes, using a system of preferred numbers to cover a range of ratings. The Gateway will stop all inbound requests to that service for a pre-defined period of time (a recovery time-period). Lighting Panelboard Circuit Breakers from Square D by Schneider Electric provide a wide variety of robust features for use in Square D NF panelboards. Breakers on their own are valuable, but clients using them need to react to breaker failures. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect low-current circuits or individual household appliance, up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. High current switch disconnectors from 630 A to 6300 A. The MasterPact switch disconnector provides high performance which safely ensures that an electrical circuit is completely de-energized for service, maintenance, or emergency stoppage. Circuit breakers are measures approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to curb panic-selling on U.S. stock exchanges. The purpose of the Circuit Breaker pattern is different than the Retry pattern. The ground-breaking low voltage circuit breaker concept will be revealed to the public for the first time at the Hannover Messe in Germany. The same circuit breaker could be accessed by a large number of concurrent instances of an application. The failure threshold that trips the circuit breaker into the Open state is only reached when a specified number of failures have occurred during a specified interval. Motor circuit protector for use on motor applications up to 115 FLA with UL508 Type D combination listings with contactors and overloads across the Schneider Electric control offer. The circuit breaker can publish metrics to be consumed by the Hystrix dashboard to visualize the state of your circuit breakers. RCCB (Residual Current Operated Circuit-Breaker without Integral Overcurrent Protection) as a type of Residual-current device (RCD, formerly known as a residual current device) — detects current imbalance, but does not provide over-current protection. To protect your home and family against fire and electrical injury, if this limit is reached, the act of the breaker tripping opens the circuit and prevents the flow of current to that particular electrical line or circuit. Earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) — This detects current in the earth wire directly rather than detecting imbalance. A short circuit is caused when a hot” wire comes into contact with a neutral wire” in one of your electrical outlets. Use these simple equations to convert different measurements of electricity to help determine things like how many outlets on a 15 amp breaker you can have or how many lights on a 15 amp circuit you can have. You should configure the circuit breaker to match the likely recovery pattern of the operation it's protecting. The breaker trips in order to protect the circuit and appliances from overheating or from potential fires. Fast circuit breakers are essential components of any DC electrical grid. By splitting the arc into smaller arcs the arc is cooled down while the arc voltage is increased and serves as an additional impedance that limits the current through the circuit breaker. ABB has developed a revolutionary solid-state circuit breaker concept, which meets the highest demands of next-generation power applications as they enter the digital age. A ground fault, which typically occurs in high moisture such as the kitchen and bath, and the reason GFCIs are required by current electrical code for your protection. It is important that spacial attention is given when the circuit breaker is designed so that safe interruption of arc is produced during the operation of circuit breaker. The CircuitBreaker class maintains state information about a circuit breaker in an object that implements the ICircuitBreakerStateStore interface shown in the following code. This new breaker makes power easier to manage and 3000 times faster than the fastest mechanical breaker, marking one of the most radical advancements in power distribution since Thomas Edison, next to Nikola Tesla.

Netflix's Hystrix library provides an implementation of the circuit breaker pattern. This means that the flow of electricity is cut off to keep your circuits from overheating or causing more damage. If you use a lot of power tools, it makes sense to use 20-amp circuits for your garage, workshop and basement too. Additionally, many viewed the problem as a circuit-breaker function issue rather than a holistic, systems design issue. The Circuit Breaker pattern also enables an application to detect whether the fault has been resolved. Unlike a fuse , which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. The circuit breaker reverts to the Closed state after a specified number of consecutive operation invocations have been successful. This simple circuit breaker avoids making the protected call when the circuit is open, but would need an external intervention to reset it when things are well again. One reason they're so bulky is that they are hybrid devices: A temporary breaker made of semiconductor switches shuts down the current in a few milliseconds, which gives a main mechanical breaker time to open. Their Dependency Command talks about using circuit breakers and a thread pool limit. An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an 1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution system used fuses 1 Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from accidental short circuits and overloads. The circuit breaker pattern was described by Martin Fowler. That annotation tells Spring Cloud that the reading application uses circuit breakers and to enable their monitoring, opening, and closing (behavior supplied, in our case, by Hystrix). We provide energy-efficient solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power more efficiently, safely and sustainably. Eaton's complete line up of low and medium-voltage circuit breakers provide circuit protection in alternative energy, commercial, industrial, mining, and military applications, while protecting against overloads and short circuits in conductors. Motion transducer channels provide measuring a displacement of the circuit breaker moving parts, contact wipe, over-travel, rebound, damping time, and average velocity. Electronic control units for built-in protection, power and energy metering up to 6300 A. MicroLogic control units offer enhanced electronic circuit protection with comprehensive, integrated measurement, preventive and predictive maintenance. However, this strategy could cause many concurrent requests to the same operation to be blocked until the timeout period expires. High current air circuit breakers up to 4000 A. EasyPact MVS is a range of LV power circuit breakers and switch-disconnectors designed to optimize cost and contribute to the safety and reliable performance of your electrical distribution network. You might also have different thresholds for different errors, such as a threshold of 10 for timeouts but 3 for connection failures. Eaton's low and medium-voltage circuit breakers provide premium protection for overheating wires, overloads and short circuits in residential, commercial and industrial applications. Having cleared that 140-year hurdle, which involved adhering to UL's rigorous construction and endurance requirements, Atom Power's next challenge is to reduce the thermal losses sustained by their digital circuit breakers to make them as efficient as their mechanical counterparts. Don't hesitate to start a new conversation with IBOCO customer service through our live chat, if you want to learn more about IBOCO Circuit Breaker and Control ABS Enclosures. You can even turn off some devices to reduce the electrical load on the circuit breaker. As can be seen in the examples below, a Tell Protection pattern could be implemented by using the succeed and fail methods, which would count towards the CircuitBreaker counts. Low voltage molded case circuit breakers and switch disconnectors dedicated for direct current (DC) applications including photovoltaic (PV) installations up to 1500 A. ComPact NSX DC & DC PV is a range of molded case circuit breakers and switch disconnectors, easy to install, optimized for ideal size and breaking capacities dedicated for direct current applications.

[concrete-mixers]

As the main components of the concrete mixing plant, the safety and long-term operation of the mixer is very important.But many people do not know how to maintain the concrete mixer, in order to make it longer life. This article will introduce JS concrete mixer which are common faults? How to exclude the failure? A mixing blades, support arm lining loose, Causes, Link bolt loose, lining missing. Solution, Fastening link bolts, leveling linings. B winch reducer noise anomaly cause, Bearing damage Solution: Replace the bearing C Mixing motor stops running cause: 1 overload, 2 stirring cylinder with a large stone stuck in the mixing blade, 3 thermal relay rated current is too small. Solution: 2 Remove the stones between the stirring blades and the liner, start the thermal relay reset. 3 adjust the thermal relay setting current value, D Mixing motor overheating cause: 1 stir the leaves touching serious, there is no timely replacement, resulting in the gap is too large, gravel jam, resulting in overload. 2 agitated shaft end support device resistance is too large. 3 voltage is low Solution: 1 Replace the leaves and adjust the gap. 2 stir the support device to add the lubricating oil. E winch motor overheating. cause: 1 track installation is not parallel, 2 voltage is low, 3 motor brake separation clearance is too small. Solution 1 Adjust the track parallelism 2 Adjust the motor brake separation clearance. F fault indicator off cause: 1 hopper up the first limit switch is broken. 2 rocker loose, hit the needle rust. 3 rubber sheath broken. 4 internal water.

[glorioustimetraveldinosaur]

Know Why Clients Are Asked To Own High Voltage Probe Instruments

Know Why Clients Are Asked To Own High Voltage Probe Instruments

By Donald Watson

With electrical engineering, relays pertain to instruments designed to access circuit breakers when short circuits, thermal overload, and ground faults occur. Besides, its protective exteriors are designed from electromagnetic instruments dependent on coil functioning as alarms of abnormal concerns such as over voltage, over current, reverse power flow, over frequency, and under frequency. Other forms that include microprocessor based digital security, protection, electromechanical, supervision impractical relays are designed. It provides rudimentary productions centralized on phase and zone areas. During other times, one microprocessor high voltage relay provides operations with varied electromechanical types. As the result, it secures your financial assets and restricts your maintenance expenses. Because its durability is provided, it has the specialty to secure your high voltage probe materials and transmission lines. Apart from that, diffusion lines and generators have areas to secure microprocessor and electromechanical types. Its utilizations and basic notions are directed to teach technicians about power networks. With the needs and demands to secure certain appliances and circuits, it became useful for clients in utilizing circuit breakers. In association with that, it is demanded to identify its efficiency, availability, quality, and performance. As cited by federal and national standards, certain preventive manuals are centralized on those materials if those issues surfaced. Shortly, currents could enter thru coils, still when it escalates, it produces more electromagnets. Due to this, its magnetic parts increase that activates the armature and plunger from making circuit difficulties. Written in this journal are its negative effects, applications, and benefits that enable you to insure its availability, performance, quality, and efficiency. Originally, it was armed with shortened settings that are profitable for both AC and DC systems of particular machines. It has the specialty to produce sufficient rates which made its operations last for the duration of milliseconds. It is named as reliable, compact, and robust materials. Its productions are immediate, still relied on the existing specialties. As more specialties are assimilated, directed resets and operations are made possible. As the result of its easy flows, its legitimacy is assured in which utilizations of usage of programming systems are not ordered. Despite its results, it provides negative effects that you have to deter for conducting your jobs thru more sufficient means and binding issues that interfere with your habits. During other times, utilizing high intensity materials is vital because it assures its proper operations. It packs the directional specialties and demands set maintenance and examinations unlike static types. Likewise, its operations are interfered by numerous issues that included deterioration, dust particles, and pollution. Its production rates could be patterned after mechanical inertia of its assimilated materials. In addition periodic examinations and maintenance, it needs immediate inspections and calibrations for eliminating the traces of aging. Subsequently, connections, springs, and joints deteriorate which causes drifting and shifting that allows major disturbances and concerns to emerge. In conclusion, it was applied to defend AC and DC assemblies alongside with preventing over and under current from happening, functioning as connectors for relay schemes, and focusing on differential protection, therefore searching for skilled distributors is advised.

About the Author:

You can get excellent tips on how to choose a high voltage probe supplier and more information about a reputable supplier at https://ift.tt/2m2SO59 right now.

from Blogger https://ift.tt/2F98bCO

[cshincorporated-blog]

All About Electrical Contractors and Relays

In the world of manufacturing, whether it be heavy industrial or light production, wherever you find an electric motor there's always a contractor to drive and operate that motor. A contractor is simply an electrically controlled switch, also called a relay, used for switching a power circuit. It is designed so that when sufficient current flows through a coil built into the contractor, the magnetic field which is generated causes the contacts to be pulled in. The contacts, in turn, operate as the switch. The contacts are appropriately sized by the designer of the particular circuit to handle current flow without overheating. Electrical contractors are sold in a variety of sizes for specific applications. The design of the contacts themselves permits the contractor to be opened and closed repeatedly with minimal damage. This, of course, can and will vary depending on the load current and failure can come rather quickly to an improperly sized contractor. 

Electrical contractors and relays are designed and built in two popular configurations, single phase (or single pole) and three phase (three poles). This designation merely signifies the number of circuits that can be operated simultaneously. The coil is the means of operating the contacts. When it is energized with an appropriate voltage, it generates enough magnetic force to pull the contacts into a closed position or close the power circuit. When the coil circuit is opened, spring pressure returns the contacts into the open position, therefore, opening the power circuit. 

The commonest problem with a contractor, single or three phase would be a failed coil. It can be tested in two ways, first in a power on a situation, a check of the voltage at the coil terminals should give a definite answer as to whether the coil is energizing. On electrical contractors with overload resets you'll need to check the overload circuit of the contractor for failure or an open circuit if you do not read the appropriate voltage directly from the coil terminals. Of course, you will need to verify the voltage with the label or nameplate on the coil also. Any doubt as to your finding, you can check for coil continuity also. An open circuit (or high resistance) would signify an open coil whereas any moderate resistance would usually indicate that the coil is conducting electricity. A reading of 0 ohms would indicate a short circuit within the coil but this is rare because energizing a shorted coil usually amounts to excess heat, excess current, and an eventual opening of the coil internally. 

The next most common failure is in the contacts themselves. They can fail in an open position, literally burned or melted open as a result of the contractor being improperly sized or the aftermath of a shorted load such as an overloaded motor. This can be tested by powering down the contractor circuit, both control and power circuit, and removing the power leads from the load side of the contractor. Energize the coil control circuit and check for the appropriate voltage on the load terminals. Another failure to the contacts would be a welded, or stuck contact which remains closed even when the contractor is de-energized. This situation can lead to further problems or damage downstream in the circuit possibly by energizing one or two legs of a three phase motor. With the control and power circuit de-energized this can be checked with an ohmmeter set on any range. A low ohm or 0-ohm reading would indicate a closed contact when in fact it should be open. 

Additional contractor problems include mechanical failures such as in the return springs or the frame of the contractor and most of the time a visual inspection is enough to find a problem such as this. These failures typically occur after excessive heating or after the operating or service life of the contractor has been exceeded. Overall, the contractor troubleshooting is not complex, yet an overlooked failure within one of these critical components can sometimes confuse even a seasoned electrician or maintenance technician. 

Solid relays and how they work

Essentially, a relay is a switch functioned by electricity. Often times, a relay is run by an electromagnet to mechanically run a switching mechanism. They are most often used when it is necessary to control a signal that has a low power signal, or where different circuits work with a single signal. Historically speaking, the telegraph signals were the first to use relays. They then moved on to telephone exchanges and also the earliest computers. There are many different types available, including those that can deal with higher powers or electric motors. Solid state relays work in circuits that do not have any moving parts. They use a semiconductor to make a switch. The different types can also protect from faults or overloads, which is why they are also often described as being protective. 

There are two main types of solid state relays. The first is the regular relay, which uses an electronic part. This gives the same type of function as an electromechanical relay, only without using any moveable parts. This means that it is far more reliable on the long-term. Every transistor has, of course, a very small voltage drop. This limits the amount of current that a solid state relay can handle. The second type is the solid state contractor relay. This is a heavy-duty type of solid state relay. These relays also have heat sinks - which works to switch electric heaters - lighting loads and small electric motors. They are mainly used in areas where machines are often switched on and off. Again, in these types, there are no moving parts. This means nothing wears out and that there is also no contact bounce that is generally caused by vibration. The solid state contractor relay is generally powered by either DC or AC power, usually through signals transmitted by a Programmable Logic Controller, a Transistor-Transistor Logic, a computer or any other type of microprocessor or micro controller. 

Solid state relays typically work most in highly technical areas, including computers. Those who want to build their own computer, may at times need to buy a relay on its own. More often than not, however, they are already in whichever machinery you are purchasing. If you suspect that your relay is faulty, it would be a good idea to speak to a qualified technician or engineer. These people have training in electrical components and are hence far more qualified to deal with these types of things than somebody who is good with a screwdriver. 

Why shop for electrical contractors and relays online

The good thing about shopping online with us is that they have a huge amount of information to help you choose the right products for your needs. If at any point you feel that there are still questions after reading through our white papers, you can also able to contact one of our engineers by e-mail or through a telephone number that is listed on our site, which is highly recommended when it comes to dealing with technology products such as relays. 

This will also give you a good idea of the type of customer service you will be receiving from the manufacturer and the distributor, which will come in very handy once you begin ordering these components. In the end, you need to find the best relays for your applications, and more importantly, you need to feel comfortable knowing that once you buy the relays, they will have efficient delivery.