#Hazardous Chemical Tanker

[surabhi098]

Bulk Chemical Transport Service in India | Surabhi Group Ltd

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[surabhigroup]

The Role of Inspections and Audits in Ensuring Hazardous Chemical Tanker Compliance

In the realm of hazardous chemical transportation, ensuring compliance with stringent safety regulations is paramount. Hazardous chemical tankers play a crucial role in this domain, tasked with transporting substances that can pose significant risks to both human health and the environment if mishandled. To maintain the highest standards of safety and mitigate potential hazards, regular inspections and audits are indispensable. This article delves into the pivotal role that inspections and audits play in ensuring compliance within the hazardous chemical tanker industry.

[follow-up-news]

The decision to blow up five tanker cars loaded with toxic chemicals following the fiery derailment of a train in East Palestine, Ohio, last year was unjustified, federal investigators concluded Tuesday. The freight train cars full of vinyl chloride, a cancer-causing chemical used to make plastic, were burned three days after the train careened off the tracks and released massive plumes of toxic smoke into the sky. As incident commander, East Palestine fire chief Keith Drabick ultimately gave Norfolk Southern, the train’s operator, the green light to torch the cars. He told federal investigators last year that Norfolk Southern and its contractors presented intentional burning as the only viable and safe option, and gave him 13 minutes to make the decision — a request that he said left him “blindsided.” Norfolk Southern has repeatedly defended the move, citing the purported risk of the tanker cars suddenly exploding. But the National Transportation and Safety Board threw cold water on that narrative Tuesday during a hearing on the findings of the agency’s lengthy investigation into the Feb. 3, 2023, derailment. Investigators said there was no imminent sign of the chemical reaction, known as polymerization, that would’ve cause tank cars to explode. They said Norfolk Southern and its contractors “misinterpreted and disregarded evidence” in advocating for what’s known as a vent and burn operation, which involved blasting holes in tanker cars, draining the vinyl chloride into pits in the ground and setting it on fire. “Norfolk Southern and its contractors continued to assert the necessity of a vent and burn, even though available evidence should have led them to re-evaluate their initial conclusions,” Paul Stancil, a hazardous materials investigator at the NTSB, said Tuesday.

[porterdavis]

Cost-cutting

"The train that derailed in Ohio last week, setting aflame tankers of hazardous chemicals and prompting the evacuation of thousands for almost a week, had traveled at least 20 miles with a malfunctioning axle, according to security camera footage..."

I'm old enough to remember when trains had things called cabooses carrying men whose job it was to look ahead at the train looking for 'hot-boxes' -- axles that were in danger of failing.

Addendum: If you want a sobering assessment of PVC and the dangers it poses, read this.

[dontmeantobepoliticalbut]

Earlier this month, a train carrying hazardous chemicals derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, triggering a massive fire and forcing everyone within a 1-mile radius of the crash to evacuate. To avoid a potential explosion, officials conducted a controlled detonation of five tankers three days later, sending carcinogenic vinyl chloride into the air. Two days later, residents of the 4,500-person village were told they could safely return home. Many questioned the safety of the air and water supply.

Since then, reporting has made clear that this environmental disaster was less a freak accident than a predictable outcome of lax safety measures and capitalist greed. Here’s what you need to know about the Norfolk Southern rail company.

NORFOLK SOUTHERN CHOSE NOT TO UPGRADE ITS TRAINS’ “CIVIL WAR-ERA” BRAKES.

A report in The Lever notes that the train that crashed in East Palestine was not equipped with Electronically Controlled Pneumatic brakes—fully electric brakes that experts say could have reduced the severity of the crash. Although Norfolk Southern once touted its use of ECP brakes, it lobbied against requiring them on trains carrying hazardous materials. An Obama-era rule required that HHFTs have ECP brakes, but the Trump administration overturned this rule.

NORFOLK SOUTHERN WORKERS DON’T GET PAID SICK TIME.

Remember when the Senate voted to avert a rail strike and deny workers sick leave? Norfolk Southern workers were among those affected. When investors encouraged Norfolk Southern to offer paid sick leave, the company said, OK, we won’t furlough people as often. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT.) has since demanded that rail companies offer workers at least seven days of paid sick leave.

RAIL COMPANIES REFUSE TO HIRE ENOUGH WORKERS.

Unions say that the rail industry’s use of furloughs to reduce the workforce stretches staff too thin. As Timothy Noah wrote in the New Republic, the 141-car train that crashed in East Palestine carried just two crew members and one trainee:

"On February 10, Anya Litvak of The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reported that security camera footage 20 miles short of where the derailment occurred showed a rail car axle that appeared to be on fire. Why this information was not transmitted quickly to the train crew remains unknown, but it seems likely that the answer has something to do with the number of people who were in a position to sound the alarm."

NORFOLK SOUTHERN HAS SPENT BILLIONS ON STOCK BUYBACKS.

Norfolk Southern made $4.8 billion in operating profit in 2022, More Perfect Union reported, and paid shareholders $4.7 billion in stock buybacks and dividends.

As my colleague Hannah Levintova explained last year:

"A buyback is when companies purchase shares of their own company from investors, driving up the value of the remaining stock because there are fewer shares circulating. Buybacks are taxed at the lower capital gains rate, which maxes out at 20% for the wealthiest households. But for those investors who don’t sell their shares back to the company, there’s no tax—even though the value of their holdings has increased. Until that investor sells the asset, their wealth will grow tax-free. And thanks in part to a tax code loophole that enables the wealthy to pass shares on to their heirs, who can then skip paying capital gains taxes on them altogether, buybacks play a role in building untaxed generational wealth."

THE TRAIN THAT CAUSED THE CLOUD OF SMOKE OVER EAST PALESTINE WAS NOT CATEGORIZED AS A “HIGH-HAZARD FLAMMABLE TRAIN.”

Thanks to pressure from industry lobbyists, the “high-hazard flammable train” categorization applies only to trains carrying a narrow set of materials, like crude oil, The Lever also reported. That designation would have required that the train follow specific speed and braking restrictions.

DESPITE MAKING BILLIONS IN PROFIT, NORFOLK SOUTHERN INITIALLY OFFERED JUST $25,000 TO EAST PALESTINE.

Norfolk Southern managed to scrape together $25,000 for the town that’s been doused in toxic chemicals. People who fled their homes under fear of death can claim $1,000 per person per household. Since then, the company has announced increases in charity.

[gaytruckerthoughts]

trucker adage:

the smaller the tanker, the further away from it you want to be.

tanker trailers (they usually look like giant metal canisters) are used to carry liquid food like milk, liquid chemicals like fuel, and gases. tankers are more dangerous to drive than a trailer with solid goods, because the liquids sloshing around can make the truck more difficult to stop or maneuver. and gases can be a huuuuuge hazard in other ways if the container is damaged. statistically, there are less accidents with tanker trailers and other specialty trailers like doubles, probably because the drivers are more alert and motivated to drive safely.

if you see a tanker that is unusually small, or has extra structural support like external banding around it, whatever's in there is especially dangerous and/or explodey. plz be extra careful around them on the road.

truckers hauling these trailers have tanker endorsements on their commercial driver's licenses, often paired with a hazmat endorsement. you should be able to see warning placards on the side of the trailer indicating the general risk type of the cargo (driving hazmat without these placards is illegal)

for truckers looking for a pretty lucrative job that will have you driving nights and home every day, hauling fuel tankers for truck stops and gas stations is a great choice.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Can biosurfactants increase microbiological oil degradation in North Sea seawater? An international research team from the universities of Stuttgart und Tübingen, together with the China West Normal University and the University of Georgia, have been exploring this question and the results have revealed the potential for a more effective and environmentally friendly oil spill response. Oil leaks into the oceans are estimated at approximately 1500 million liters annually worldwide. This leads to globally significant environmental pollution, as oil contains hazardous compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that can have toxic or mutagenic effects on organisms. Oil spills, particularly catastrophic ones resulting in the rapid release of large quantities of oil into the oceans, such as tanker accidents or incidents at oil drilling platforms like Deepwater Horizon in 2010, are especially devastating. In such oil spill incidents, large quantities of chemical dispersants, ranging in the millions of liters depending on the amount of oil, are routinely applied to dissolve oil slicks, prevent oil from reaching coastlines, and enhance oil dispersion in the water. The hope is that microbial oil degradation will be enhanced as a result. This is because special microorganisms that are widespread in nature can feed on crude oil components and break them down into harmless substances. This special ability of microbes naturally cleans oil-contaminated areas.

Read more.

[dailyunsolvedmysteries]

What We Know About the Train Derailment in Ohio

In early February, a train carrying toxic chemicals derailed in eastern Ohio, igniting a fire that swept the town of East Palestine in smoke. Fearful of a major explosion, the authorities carved out an evacuation zone and then carried out a controlled release of toxic fumes to neutralize burning cargo inside some of the cars. Residents feared for their health as concerns have mounted about the effect of the derailment and the fire on the environment and the transportation network.

Around 9 p.m. on Feb. 3, a train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, a village of about 4,700 residents about 50 miles northwest of Pittsburgh. About 50 of the train’s 150 cars ran off the tracks on its route from Madison, Ill., to Conway, Pa.

The train, operated by Norfolk Southern, had been carrying chemicals and combustible materials, with vinyl chloride, a toxic flammable gas, being of most concern to investigators. A huge fire erupted from the derailment, sending thick billowing smoke into the sky and over the town. Residents on both sides of the Ohio-Pennsylvania border were ordered to evacuate, as Gov. Mike DeWine of Ohio raised alarms about a possible explosion.

Local and federal officials started an investigation that involved the National Transportation Safety Board and the Environmental Protection Agency.

The derailment has sparked concerns about air, soil and water pollution.

On Feb. 10, the E.P.A. said that about 20 rail cars were reported to have been carrying hazardous materials. Chemicals including vinyl chloride, butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether were “known to have been and continue to be” released to the air, surface soil and surface waters, the E.P.A. said.

On Feb. 12, the E.P.A., after monitoring the air, said it had not detected contaminants at “levels of concern” in and around East Palestine, although residents may still smell odors. Working with Norfolk Southern and the Columbiana County Emergency Management Agency, the E.P.A. had screened the air inside about 290 homes as of Feb. 13, and said it had not detected vinyl chloride or hydrogen chloride, which can cause life-threatening respiratory issues.

Fearing an explosion, the authorities held a controlled release of the toxic materials from five train car tankers on Feb. 6, and the contents were diverted to a trench and burned off.  Just after the derailment, about 1,500 to 2,000 residents in East Palestine were told to evacuate the area. Schools were closed for the week, along with some roads. Norfolk Southern said it had donated $25,000 to help the American Red Cross set up shelters and deal with the influx of people.

The E.P.A. informed Norfolk Southern on Feb. 10 that it might be responsible for costs associated with the cleanup of the site. The agency did not offer details about when the site might be considered completely returned to normal. The N.T.S.B. is still investigating the cause of the derailment.

The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency is working on an assessment for a remediation plan.

“Initially, with most environmental spills, it is difficult to determine the exact amount of material that has been released into the air, water, and soil,” James Lee, media relations manager for the E.P.A. in Ohio, wrote in an email to CNN. “The assessment phase that will occur after the emergency is over will help to determine that information.”

The case is ongoing.

[6ixshitttttt]

So.

Train derailment in Ohio

Train derailment in Michigan containing hazardous materials

Chemical fire in a storage tanker in Oklahoma

2 acre fire in Florida

Train derailment in Oregon

[newstfionline]

Wednesday, February 8, 2023

Americans can never unsee the Chinese balloon—that’s the real danger (France Inter) The Chinese spy balloon shot down over the U.S. this week embodies the “Chinese threat” seen by many Americans. The most worrying thing in this case is not the balloon, but what it symbolizes. Shot down on Saturday by an American jet over the Atlantic after it drifted over U.S. territory, the balloon wasn’t a threat in and of itself. It’s a toy compared to the arsenals held by both countries. Still, this almost obsolete balloon has come to symbolize the “Chinese threat” that Americans hear about day and night. Until now, this threat was abstract, distant. It now has a face, in the form of this Moon-like balloon that appeared in the Montana sky, drifting above the state’s nuclear silos. The main effect of this symbolic appearance is to have raised anti-Chinese fever among the American political class, as well as strong, unanimous approval for the White House’s decision to postpone Blinken’s trip to Beijing—even at the risk of allowing an already tense relationship to deteriorate further. The balloon could set off a kind of “butterfly effect” of a small incident that leads to a much more dangerous showdown.

China claims a second balloon (Foreign Policy) Beijing says that the giant balloon that was spotted above Latin America does indeed belong to China, and claimed that it was used for flight tests. China said the balloon had “seriously deviated” from its planned route and that it was over Latin America “by mistake.” China has also expressed outrage that a similar balloon, which was above the United States for much of last week, was shot down by U.S. forces. China has since said it “reserves the right” to deal with “similar situations.”

Ohio Train Derailment (1440) Authorities in Ohio yesterday released toxic chemicals into the air from five tanker cars of a derailed train to prevent an explosion along the border of Ohio and Pennsylvania. The train, which had been carrying hazardous materials, went off the tracks Friday night in East Palestine, Ohio, causing a large chemical fire that has continued to burn. The area’s nearly 5,000 residents were ordered to evacuate Sunday. No injuries have been reported. The five cars were transporting the industrially produced chemical vinyl chloride, which is used to make polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, a hard plastic resin in plastic products. The chemical is associated with an increased risk of liver, brain, and lung cancers, among other diseases. As part of the controlled release of the chemical, a small charge was used to blow a hole in the cars, allowing the chemical to go into a trench and burn off before being released into the air.

$17,000+ (WSJ) The median price to put an infant in daycare for a year in a major U.S. metro area. Care costs can be nearly a fifth of median family income in high-cost, large cities, the Labor Department found. In less-populated counties, the median annual price is $8,000 a year.

Chile battles deadliest wildfires on record as heatwave grips (Reuters) Chilean firefighters were battling to hold back forest fires on Monday as authorities said hot and dry weather would continue this week, potentially exacerbating what are already the deadliest blazes in the country’s recent history. The fires, which have consumed 270,000 hectares (667,000 acres) of land, have killed 26 people so far in south-central Chile, and already made 2023 the second worst year in terms of hectares burned after the so-called “fire storm” that hit the country in 2017. The state National Forestry Corporation reported that as of Monday morning there were 275 active fires, of which 69 were currently in combat. Chile is in the grip of an over decade-long period of dry weather, which the World Meteorological Organization called a “mega drought” last year, adding it was the longest in a thousand years and marked a major water crisis. The heat wave and strong winds have caused a rapid spread of the flames during the Southern Hemisphere summer season.

French protesters hold more strikes over pension changes (AP) Public transportation, schools and electricity, oil and gas supplies were disrupted on Tuesday in France as demonstrators were taking to the streets for a third round of nationwide strikes and protests against the government’s pension reform plans. Last week, an estimated 1.27 million people demonstrated, according to authorities, more than in the first big protest day on Jan. 19. More demonstrations, called by France’s eight main unions, were planned for Saturday. Rail operator SNCF said train traffic was severely disrupted Tuesday across the country, including on its high-speed network. International lines to Britain and Switzerland were affected. The Paris metro was also disrupted.

Outnumbered and Worn Out, Ukrainians in East Brace for Russian Assault (NYT) In a tiny village in eastern Ukraine at the epicenter of the next phase of the war, Lyudmila Degtyaryova measures the Russian advance by listening to the boom of incoming artillery shells. There are more and more of them now. And they are coming more frequently, as Russian troops grind their way forward. Russia’s military is preparing to launch a new offensive that could soon swallow Ms. Degtyaryova’s village of Nevske, and perhaps much more in the eastern Ukrainian region known as the Donbas. But already the impact of Russia’s stepped-up assault is being felt in the towns and villages along the hundreds of miles of undulating eastern front. Exhausted Ukrainian troops complain they are already outnumbered and outgunned, even before Russia has committed the bulk of its roughly 200,000 newly mobilized soldiers. And doctors at hospitals speak of mounting losses as they struggle to care for fighters with gruesome injuries. Two weeks ago, a Russian shell landed in Ms. Degtyaryova’s yard, and as she contemplated her future over the weekend, the remains of her barn still smoldered.

Turkey, Syria quake deaths pass 9,500 (Reuters/AP) Overwhelmed rescuers struggled to save people trapped under the rubble as the death toll from a devastating earthquake in Turkey and Syria rose past 9,500 on Wednesday, making the quake the deadliest in more than a decade. Turkish authorities say some 13.5 million people were affected in an area spanning roughly 450 km from Adana in the west to Diyarbakir in the east, and 300 km from Malatya in the north to Hatay in the south. In Syria, authorities have reported deaths as far south as Hama, some 100 km from the epicentre.

Race to find survivors as quake aid pours into Turkey, Syria (AP) Search teams and aid from nearly 30 countries poured into Turkey and Syria on Tuesday as rescuers working in freezing temperatures and sometimes using their bare hands dug through the remains of buildings flattened by a powerful earthquake. But with the damage spread over a wide area, the massive relief operation often struggled to reach devastated towns, and voices that had been crying out from the rubble fell silent. “We could hear their voices, they were calling for help,” said Ali Silo, whose two relatives could not be saved in the Turkish town of Nurdagi. Unstable piles of metal and concrete made the search efforts perilous, while freezing temperatures made them ever more urgent, as worries grew about how long trapped survivors could last in the cold. Snow swirled around rescuers in Turkey’s Malatya province. More than 8,000 people have been pulled from the debris in Turkey alone, and some 380,000 have taken refuge in government shelters or hotels, said Turkish Vice President Fuat Oktay.

Earthquake Strikes Syrian Region Already Mired in Humanitarian Crisis (NYT) Once again, Syrians heard the roar and thud of buildings coming down, once again saw dust rising from the mounds of gray, jagged concrete and twisted metal where houses and offices had stood. Once again, people dug in the ruins with their hands, hoping, often in vain, to save the people they loved. Across northwestern Syria on Monday, apartment blocks, shops, even entire neighborhoods were wiped out in seconds by a powerful earthquake, in scenes that were all too familiar to a region devastated by more than a decade of civil war. Millions of people displaced by the years of fighting have fled to the north. They sheltered in tents, ancient ruins and any other place they could find after their former homes were destroyed. The economic collapse the war brought on had made it impossible for many of them to get a decent meal. This winter’s fuel crisis had them shivering in their beds, without heat. Syria’s wrecked infrastructure had caused thousands to fall sick with cholera in recent months; the ruin of its hospitals meant many could get no health care. Then came Monday’s earthquake. “Anywhere else in the world this would be an emergency,” a spokesman for the International Rescue Committee said. “What we have in Syria is an emergency within an emergency.”

Putting That Shiny New Law Into Use (NYT) On Monday, the trials for 47 Hong Kong pro-democracy leaders began. The group of activists, lawmakers, and academics had all planned to run for Hong Kong’s local legislature in 2020, just one year after the city was disrupted by mass protests calling for freedom from China. All are expected to face prison sentences ranging from three years to life behind bars. “The trial of the 47 represents a turning point in the crackdown because it reveals the true purpose of the national security law,” said one Hong Kong expert. “They’re not targeting a small minority of people throwing petrol bombs. Those people have already been arrested. Instead, they’re targeting the legitimate opposition, people who believed there was still a little bit left to defend Hong Kong’s autonomy and freedom.”

U.S. firms in Taiwan making ‘contingency’ plans amid China tensions (Reuters) Almost half of companies surveyed by the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham) in Taiwan are revising or plan to revise their business continuity plans amid tensions with China, while a growing number reported being impacted by those strains. China, which views democratically-governed Taiwan as its own territory, has been stepping up military drills across the Taiwan Strait since then-U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi visited Taipei in August. In a survey released on Tuesday, which took place between Nov. 15 and Dec. 16, AmCham Taiwan said 33% of respondents said their operations had been “significantly disrupted” by the increase in tensions. While what it termed “personal anxiety” about increased military activity or tensions remained flat between August and December, 47% of companies said they either have revised or plan to revise business continuity plans “to address the new geopolitical climate.”

South Koreans wonder: Will the U.S. still protect us from North Korea? (Washington Post) The mood around Unification Village, just south of the inter-Korean border, has grown tense the past two years as North Korea ramps up its ballistic missile tests. Most recently, North Korean drones even infiltrated the border. “It is time we went nuclear,” said Lee Wan-bae, who has lived for 50 years in the village, just three miles south of the Military Demarcation Line that marks the official border between the two Koreas. For decades, Lee has had a front-row view of the fluctuating border tensions amid failed efforts to disarm North Korea. “It increasingly looks like matching the nuclear threat from North Korea is the solution that will bring long-desired stability to our village life,” Lee said. With North Korea threatening to strike the South with nuclear weapons and no sign of a return to denuclearization talks, South Koreans are increasingly debating whether they can still trust the United States to protect them in case of war on the peninsula. The South Korean public has become ever more supportive of having their own nuclear weapons, a sentiment that was once considered fringe but is now mainstream.

[pharmatechy]

Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Industry | QC in Pharma Company

The Quality Control department's major and important role is in the Pharmaceutical industry.

The main role of the quality control department in the pharma industry is to check the quality of various products, such as raw materials, in-process samples, and finished products.

Their main agenda is to analyse and control the quality of the products at all stages of the manufacturing of API or Formulations.

QC is done by the Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of specific materials as per Stanard Testing Procedures (STP) or Method of Analysis.

Generally, the QC department is divided into four sections. These are main

Raw Materials

In-process Quality Checks (IPQC)

Finished Products

Stability Studies

Raw materials:

The materials come from outside industries or suppliers and road tankers check the quality of the materials as per in-house specifications or Standard testing procedures. 

These are categorised into four parts.

General Raw materials:

These are some chemical analyses, like titrimetry, and chemical analysis methods, such as organic and inorganic acids, bases, salts, etc.

Ex: Hydrochloric acid(HCl), Sulphuric acid(H2SO4), Nitric acid(HNO3), Caustic soda(NaOH), Sodium carbonate(Na2CO3), Methanol, Toluene, Acetone, Dichloromethane etc…

Key Starting Materials (KSM):

These are the building blocks of drug intermediates or used to form the structure of compounds, APIs, or Drug substances. 

The sampling method is different from general raw materials.

These are analyzed with both chemical and instrumental analysis.

Ex: Speciality Fine Chemicals, Drug Intermediates etc.

Packing Materials:

PM is used for Products/Compound materials that are stored

Ex: Fibre drums, HDPE, LDPE drums, Polyethene bags, etc…

Hazardous Materials:

HM are harmful or affect body raw materials to handling in careful safety precautions and as per its Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) so vendors or suppliers give a certificate of analysis based on these are approved as per customer COAs.

Ex: Sodium Hydride(NaH), Sodium Amide(NaNH2), NaCN etc…

Some catalysts are also approved as per customer COAs

Ex: Raney-Nikel, Palladium/Carbon(Pd/C) used for Hydrogenation reaction.

In-Process samples:

Online chemical and instrumental methods analysis as per in-house specification & STPs carried out samples coming from the manufacturing blocks or production department to time to give results after the process continuously.

Finished Products:

Complete Analysis carried out as per customer or In-house or Pharmacopia specification and Standard Testing Procedures of the final products.

The analysis carried out in the Quality control department is divided into two parts. These are

Chemical Analysis Laboratory (Wet Lab)

Volumetric analysis:

Chemical labs have five types of titrimetric analysis

Acid-Base Titration Ex: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Argentometric titration Ex: Sodium Chloride(NaCl), Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)

Redox Titration Ex: Sodium thiosulphate, Potassium permanganate

Complexometric titration Ex: Calcium chloride (Cacl2), Magnesium (Mg) and Metals

Non-aqueous titration for Drug intermediates and APIs Ex: 2-Amino Pyridine, Isonipotic acid etc..

Gravimetric analysis:

Gravimetric analysis is the mass of an ion in a compound and is determined to find out the mass per cent of the same ion in a known quantity of a compound.

Examples 1) The amount of sulphate as barium sulphate(BaSO4) from sodium sulphate(NaSO4).

2) Content of Nickel in Raney-Nickle catalyst and Palladium in Pd/C catalyst.

Wet laboratory, some important chemical analyses are

Ex: Water content(WC), Loss on drying(LOD), Residue on ignition(ROI), Specific Optical Rotation(SOR), Wt per mL, Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC), Tapped density, Friebilty, Dissolution, Disintegration etc.

Water Analysis:

Softener water: This water is used for boiler purposes to generate steam.

Demineralized or Deionised water: This water is used for chemical analysis and process areas.

Purified water: This water is used for the manufacturing process.

Three samples are collected to be analysed to their specification (WHO) and Standard testing procedures as per scheduled.

Instrumental methods of Chemical analysis

1) Chromatography: 

Instrumental analysis to analyse quantitative and qualitative investigates analytes using the help of scientific instruments.

There are main two instrumental analyses carried out for Quality Control in the Pharmaceutical industry.

This technique separates and identifies the mixture of the compounds based on their relative affinity amounts of each compound distributed between a moving mobile phase, and a stationary phase. Mostly used instruments of Quality Control in the Pharmaceutical industry

          1) High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)           2) Gas Chromatography (GC)

2) Spectrophotometry:

Spectroscopic techniques are to pass a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto an unknown sample and observe to find out the difference between energy levels with reference.

Most commonly used spectrophotometers of Quality Control in the Pharmaceutical industry. There are 

           1) Ultra-Violet Spectrophotometer (UVS)            2) Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and NIR  3) Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) and FAS

These are the main used Research Centres for Structure elucidations and Analytical Method Development.

          1) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer (NMR)

          2) Mass Spectrometer (MS)

3) Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)

4) Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

Stability Studies:

Stability studies are conducted for a re-test or expiry or a shelf life period for the drug substance or the drug product and recommended storage conditions.

These are analysed as per protocol or stability STP based on the schedule.

           1) Hold-time stability studies            2) Long-term, Accelerated, intermediate condition studies

The quality control department follows systematic proper online documentation, Logbooks, Registers, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and Good Documentation Practices.

After complete analysis, documented respective analysis signed and checked authorised persons to prepare the certificate of analysis approved by the Head of the department or Designee.

Backup Electronic Data:

All electronic data stored in their servers or external hard disks are Empower network or Lab solution or Open Lab software and its data is backed up and retrieved every week by an IT person.

 Conclusion:

The Quality Control department checks each step of the product manufacturing as per specification and standard testing procedures after releasing documented data.

[simsinter]

Special Trucks Equipment: Enhancing Efficiency and Capability

Special trucks equipment plays a crucial role in various industries, enabling businesses to handle unique tasks and meet specific operational demands. These specialized vehicles and their equipment are designed to tackle challenging environments, making them indispensable for sectors such as construction, logistics, emergency services, and more. In this blog, we’ll explore the different types of special trucks equipment, their applications, and the benefits they provide.

Types of Special Trucks Equipment

Cranes and Boom Trucks: Cranes are essential for lifting and moving heavy materials on construction sites. Boom trucks combine the functionality of a crane with a truck chassis, allowing for quick transportation of equipment. These vehicles are vital for erecting buildings, transporting heavy machinery, and performing tasks that require precise lifting.

Dump Trucks: Dump trucks are designed for transporting loose materials such as sand, gravel, or demolition debris. Their ability to unload cargo quickly makes them ideal for construction projects. Equipped with hydraulic lifts, dump trucks can efficiently offload materials at various sites, enhancing productivity and reducing labor costs.

Refrigerated Trucks: In the food and pharmaceutical industries, maintaining the right temperature during transportation is crucial. Refrigerated trucks, or reefer trucks, are equipped with insulated bodies and temperature control systems to keep perishable goods fresh. This equipment ensures compliance with safety regulations and quality standards.

Flatbed Trucks: These trucks have a flat, open platform, making them versatile for transporting large or bulky items. Flatbed trucks are commonly used in construction and manufacturing to haul materials like steel beams, lumber, and machinery. Their accessibility allows for easy loading and unloading.

Tanker Trucks: Used primarily in the transportation of liquids, tanker trucks are equipped with specialized tanks to handle various substances, from fuel to chemicals. These trucks ensure safe transport and delivery while adhering to environmental regulations.

Fire Trucks and Emergency Vehicles: Equipped with specialized tools and equipment, fire trucks are essential for firefighting and rescue operations. They carry hoses, water tanks, ladders, and emergency medical equipment, enabling rapid response in critical situations.

Benefits of Special Trucks Equipment

Increased Efficiency: Special trucks equipment is designed for specific tasks, allowing for faster and more efficient operations. For example, cranes enable quick lifting of heavy loads, reducing the time required to complete projects.

Enhanced Safety: With advanced safety features, special trucks equipment minimizes the risk of accidents. For instance, refrigerated trucks are equipped with temperature monitors to ensure perishable goods are kept at safe temperatures, preventing spoilage and potential health hazards.

Versatility: Many specialized trucks can adapt to different roles with interchangeable equipment. For example, a flatbed truck can be fitted with various attachments to suit different cargo types, making it a valuable asset for businesses with diverse needs.

Cost Savings: Investing in specialized trucks can lead to significant cost savings. Their ability to handle specific tasks efficiently reduces labor costs and minimizes delays, ultimately leading to increased profitability for businesses.

Improved Compliance: Many industries have strict regulations regarding transportation and handling of materials. Special trucks equipment is designed to meet these regulations, ensuring businesses remain compliant and avoid penalties.

Conclusion

Special trucks equipment is an essential component of various industries, providing the tools necessary to handle specific tasks efficiently and safely. From cranes and dump trucks to refrigerated and tanker trucks, each type of specialized equipment serves a unique purpose that enhances productivity and effectiveness. As businesses continue to evolve, investing in the right special trucks equipment will remain vital for maintaining a competitive edge and ensuring operational success. Whether you're in construction, logistics, or emergency services, the right equipment can transform your operations and help you achieve your goals. For more details visit our website: www.simsinter.com

[blogsite10]

Qasioon Industries FZE: Leading Manufacturer of Industrial Trailers and Storage Solutions in the UAE

The Trailer Manufacturers in UAE play a crucial role in supporting the logistics and transportation sectors. They produce a wide range of trailers, including flatbed, low-bed, and refrigerated trailers, ensuring safe and efficient transport of goods across the region.

In the field of liquid transport, the Vacuum Tanker UAE industry is key to providing tankers designed for the safe handling of hazardous and non-hazardous liquids. These tankers are essential for industries such as waste management and sewage handling.

Leading Storage Tanks Manufacturer companies in the UAE specialize in creating high-quality storage solutions for oil, water, and chemical products. These tanks are designed to withstand extreme conditions and ensure long-term durability and reliability.

The Pressure Vessel Manufacturer industry in the UAE focuses on producing robust, high-performance pressure vessels that comply with international standards. These vessels are widely used in industries like oil and gas, chemical processing, and power generation.

For liquid waste management, Sewage Tanker UAE manufacturers provide reliable, high-capacity tankers designed for the safe and efficient transport of sewage and wastewater. These tankers are a critical part of the environmental management system.

Lastly, Fuel Tank Manufacturers in UAE produce durable and safe fuel storage solutions, including both above-ground and underground tanks. These tanks are widely used in industries like energy, transportation, and construction, ensuring secure fuel management across various sectors.

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Navigating Maritime Excellence: Unveiling Specialized Courses in Mumbai

In the vibrant maritime hub of Mumbai, where the Arabian Sea meets the bustling cityscape, opportunities abound for those seeking to embark on a career at sea or enhance their maritime expertise. Among the myriad offerings, specialized courses stand out as beacons of knowledge, guiding aspiring mariners and seasoned seafarers alike towards excellence in their craft. Let's embark on a voyage of discovery as we delve into the world of specialized maritime courses available in Mumbai, from PSF to Chemco, FPFF, and TASCO, each offering a unique pathway to success on the high seas.

PSF Course in Mumbai:

Port State Control (PSC) plays a pivotal role in ensuring adherence to international maritime regulations, safeguarding vessel safety, crew welfare, and environmental protection. The PSF (Port State Control) course in Mumbai equips maritime professionals with the essential knowledge and skills required to navigate the complexities of port inspections with confidence and compliance. Through comprehensive training modules encompassing ship safety protocols, pollution prevention measures, and crew welfare standards, participants gain a deep understanding of PSC requirements and best practices. With Mumbai's strategic maritime location and renowned maritime institutions, the PSF course offers a gateway to a career anchored in regulatory compliance and maritime excellence. Also visit PSF Course in Mumbai.    

Chemco Course in Mumbai:

Chemical tankers form a vital artery in the global maritime trade, facilitating the safe transportation of hazardous and specialized cargoes across the seas. The Chemco course in Mumbai caters to the specialized needs of professionals involved in the operation and management of chemical tankers. From cargo handling procedures to safety protocols and emergency response measures, participants undergo rigorous training to ensure the safe carriage of chemical cargoes while minimizing environmental risks. Mumbai's maritime ecosystem, coupled with industry-leading training facilities, provides an ideal backdrop for aspiring chemical tanker professionals to hone their skills and embark on a rewarding career at sea.

FPFF Refresher Course in Mumbai:

Fire onboard a vessel poses a grave threat to life, property, and the marine environment, demanding swift and effective response measures. The Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting (FPFF) refresher course in Mumbai offers seasoned seafarers an opportunity to refresh their firefighting skills and stay abreast of the latest firefighting techniques and equipment. Through practical training exercises and scenario-based simulations, participants enhance their readiness to handle onboard fire emergencies with confidence and competence. Mumbai's maritime heritage, coupled with state-of-the-art firefighting facilities, provides an immersive learning environment for participants to reinforce their firefighting prowess and ensure the safety and security of vessels under their care. Also visit FPFF Refresher Course in Mumbai.

TASCO Course in Mumbai:

Technical and Supervisory Course Onboard (TASCO) prepares aspiring maritime professionals to assume leadership roles and managerial responsibilities onboard ships. Combining technical expertise with leadership skills, the TASCO course equips participants with the knowledge and competencies needed to oversee shipboard operations effectively. From personnel management to maintenance planning and navigational decision-making, participants delve into the multifaceted aspects of maritime leadership in Mumbai's dynamic maritime ecosystem. With industry-relevant curriculum and hands-on training, the TASCO course empowers participants to navigate the challenges of maritime management with confidence and proficiency, charting a course towards career advancement and success. Also visit Tasco Course in Mumbai.

In Mumbai's maritime landscape, these specialized courses serve as lighthouses of learning, guiding individuals towards mastery in their respective domains and fostering a culture of excellence in maritime operations. Whether you're setting sail on a new career path or seeking to enhance your existing skill set, Mumbai's specialized maritime courses offer a voyage of discovery and professional growth. Embrace the opportunity to embark on this transformative journey, and let Mumbai's maritime expertise propel you towards new horizons of success and achievement on the high seas.

[amthorinternational]

Tanker Trucks: Vital Components in Industrial Transportation and Logistics

In the world of transportation and logistics, tanker trucks, also known as tank trucks or tanker lorries, are crucial for moving liquids and gases across industries. From delivering fuel to supplying essential chemicals and food products, these vehicles are indispensable for keeping the wheels of commerce and industry turning smoothly.

The Role of Tanker Trucks in Industry

Tanker trucks serve a wide array of industries by transporting materials that are vital for daily operations:

Fuel Distribution: Fuel tanker trucks are a lifeline for gas stations and industrial facilities, ensuring a steady supply of gasoline, diesel, and other fuels necessary for powering vehicles and machinery.

Chemical Transport: Tanker lorries equipped with specialized tanks are used to safely transport chemicals, including acids, solvents, and other hazardous materials. This helps support sectors like manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture.

Food and Beverage Delivery: Food-grade tank trucks transport perishable liquids like milk, wine, and juices, maintaining quality and safety standards during transit.

Water Supply: Water tanker trucks are essential for delivering potable and non-potable water to areas without access to piped water, including construction sites, rural areas, and emergency situations.

Types of Tanker Trucks

Fuel Tanker Trucks: Designed to carry various types of fuel, these tank trucks often have multiple compartments to separate different products and prevent contamination.

Chemical Tanker Trucks: These vehicles are equipped with corrosion-resistant linings and materials to handle a variety of chemicals safely.

Food-Grade Tanker Trucks: Made of stainless steel and other food-safe materials, these trucks ensure that the transported goods remain uncontaminated.

Water Tanker Trucks: Used to transport large volumes of water, these trucks are essential in regions where water is scarce.

Safety and Regulations

Safety is a top priority when operating tanker trucks. Several regulations and safety measures are in place to prevent accidents and spills:

Regular Inspections: Tanker lorries undergo routine inspections to ensure that they meet safety standards and that all components are functioning correctly.

Driver Training: Operators of tank trucks receive specialized training to handle the unique challenges of transporting liquids, particularly hazardous materials.

Safety Features: Many tanker trucks are equipped with emergency shut-off valves, pressure relief valves, and other safety devices to mitigate risks during transport.

The Future of Tanker Trucks

As industries evolve, so do the technologies and innovations in tanker truck design. With increasing demand for sustainable solutions, the development of more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly tank trucks is on the rise. Electric and hybrid models are emerging, promising to reduce the carbon footprint of industrial transportation.

Conclusion

Tanker trucks are vital components in the logistics and transportation network, playing a critical role in the movement of essential goods across industries. Their ability to safely and efficiently transport a wide range of liquids and gases makes them indispensable in today’s interconnected world. As technology advances, the tanker truck industry will continue to adapt and innovate, ensuring that it remains a cornerstone of industrial transportation.