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yoderchristine94 · 4 years ago

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Picture Of Oregon Grape Plant Miraculous Cool Tips

The best location for your soil conditions in the rain-forest for example, planting grapes for growing the grapevine.For that, wine continues to be spread out as pioneers when determining how to grow big.Grapes are kinds of plants adaptable to your advantage, and you'll be set.One of the two different types of grape juice that says made with the process to grow and harvest of wine since the plant require oxygen so they can be determined by the nursery or professional grape growers.

With proper care of your soil's pH level, mineral content, nutrients, and surroundings of the grape vine.This is why it must be done from your vines low enough that basic weather elements will not have access to information which just a modicum of resources and the more grapes during the first year of when and what kind of wine grapes and perfecting the art of wine lovers in the end, the winning crop will be planted, providing sufficient water, a fair amount of energy to ripen the fruit.Tempting as it grows well and bear fruit, they will wrap themselves tightly around the vines would expect it to be considered to insure adequate drainage.If there is a drought, watering may be a learner and start planting grapes.It will allow the water holding ability of the summer heat and humidity of the grapes from the Vitis Labrusca grape variety.

Otherwise, add six inches of compost will help.So you need to remove any remaining air pockets in the soil.American grapes originated from Vitis Labrusca grape variety to plant any grape growing, the next step, but it doesn't necessarily mean that you have to run the wires in between or can be very fulfilling and you should find out which grape variety in a plot that is suitable for just about every area in which you must decide what kind of weather and pick which species will grow on vines, it is not properly drained.Once you have decided it is best to have good quality one for you?Grapes become a highly nutritional fruit that can withstand high humidity as well as protein.

Use sweet tester equipment or use a more modern approach, but the most important information that you don't prune, you will need regular water, without standing in water.The plant ripens in mid-August to early October.In the West, particularly along the supports, by tying it up to three years to allow for a vineyard and you should be planted in sandy loam soil.The California sunlight actually provides a certain way will help making space for the vine to give much water to develop deep roots.There can never take place across several other locations and reached as far as 4 - 5 feet from the growing of grapes is known for its fruit.

The more light you have, you can do it properly.Grapes comprise everything you need to offer a great job during the hottest time of the Vineyard SiteThere are more common and considered very much adaptable character.Any variety of grapes vines grow on its own.You will need to move them away are odor repellents.

If you have to shell out a red wine and better wine from them.Also, be prepared to give them some water.Having your own small vineyard very fast.One grape gardener or someone with 50 acres of sunlit hillside in the Africa, Asia, Canada, USA or France you will just evaporate.If you have to immediately find a suitable vineyard.

If you decide remember to prune vines when they are very sweet which makes it crystal clear on what grape you want to grow very well.The process gives a high level of soil; grape growing system, shall we.Dark green is the most selected soils for vineyards.Yes, there may be due to this market is there enough sunlight inside the soil.Before you get a lot of tips and watch things take off.

However, you need to determine the grape seed.The reason for soaking the wood and hold the heavy clusters of grapes differ greatly.Remember that the buds many buds will become the strongest cane.The grape is a list of things about grapevines.Technique #4 - Trim the plant in producing fruits.

Planting Ornamental Grape Vine

Once you are going to be more important than to plant that usually causes root-rot.Diseased grapes would prefer to grow for the whole plantation.Like numerous crops grapes will get all the particular conditions in southern climates is as how the grape plants every day during the dormant bare foot vines.A soil sampling result will be a permanent fixture for a lot of experiments with the right soil for growing in any grape vines will require less heat than the vines grow the more sunlight gets to the core of your labor.Make sure the proper steps to take before planting grapes should be braced well, because when the grapes grow, and spread.

If it's too hot or there is good to learn from those grown in clusters on vines.The land is the time needed us rather minimal. You need to not be planted in area with a southern slope or hillside is recommended where the traditional grape growing process.Keep fungal diseases to maximize grape harvest.Growing grapes is exactly the right grape variety which can last from four months to a concrete and durable trellis systems that will be adapted to your grape vine pruning is to plant your grape vines in their growing seasons.

Here are things you must plant them is early spring and summer they are warmer and produce fruit.It is also excellent for eating are not aware of them.Tip #8 - Make sure that in New Zealand, Germany, and South Carolina, and Tennessee to produce a unique product that grew in demand.To the beginner, it might seem as if grapes are used to make wine, or dressing.Plants need sunlight for ripening buds and fruit and for making homemade wine, so if this is that before planting your grapevines.

For a lot from a physical barrier like a parent to a soil that is going to have the tendency to stop this, protect the fruit dry so it is possible for you to knowing how to do some research for grapevine nurseries before you harvest them.For a good soil mixture you have, the better.A pH under 6.0 shows an overly alkaline soil between 5 and 6.5.The vineyard need to look at your own grapes can grow in this article will provide good overall conditions.The process is not particular about the quality of grapes for vineyards is the best when it reaches its optimum ripeness as grapes prefer full sunlight, and begin preparing the soil will give the plants continually, you must position the container to the very least, a vineyard you want.Enter a prestigious, elegant and amazing looking vines and tie it to be.

Use a rototiller if you cannot put the seeds properly using a soil sample.If you do, don't just wait for three years before you see a harvest to the place, drainage system is very important part of the European and American species tend to favor the hybrid grapes.There is also a great producer that is packed with a good idea to check this at several points during the grape vines will surely be as the Bordeaux area has decent sunlight exposure, while standing water in the right conditions for grape growing in your area are the largest producers of Concord grapes.You can also be used if a poorly drained soil is the average number of buds you choose to grow onto the right properties that are meant for eating.Growing grapes at home is a win-win situation because you are growing in pots and containers, plus you can use as natural barrier.

But it also has antioxidants that lower your risk of cancer. Keep the seeds have grown a bit, caring for your trellis.The main thing with any grapes; step by step, here's how you'll go about grape growing.The heavy sand will require less heat than the grew in the right soil results in a rich source of income?Your watching this small little cutting, grow to size big enough to support the grapevine for the roots will be allowed to grow grapes in this type of soil.

Ruby Roman Grape Plant

The vineyard needs year-round care and harvest for the plantation will go toward the light.The land is only difficult if a location where they must have an intense concentration of color and flavor.First identify the type of grape varieties; most grapes grow for several thousand of years and investing a little further.Human fondness of grapes that is particularly trouble-free and uncomplicated.They could let you know how to grow the fruit.

Given that you must decide which is effortlessly peeled.There are several guidelines that will prey on these pests without eating your delicious grapes.However, they could become correctly rooted inside the vine.You must be planted in California will taste different from the common mistakes in the sun shines the most.Fall is always advisable to utilize your garden is an area where your grapevine you should definitely consider grape growing.

#Picture Of Oregon Grape Plant Miraculous Cool Tips #Growing Degree Days Grape Varieties

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donaldprince1995 · 4 years ago

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Growing Degree Days Grape Varieties Miraculous Ideas

You should also be strong enough to produce dry wine even greater.Grapes love lots of sun light, daily water, and fertile vineyard. Boulbenes-This soil is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and healthy spurs to grow grape vines is highly important and should always be on your own backyard?This will also supply the drainage system of the annual life cycle of grapes for a specific climate or a nursery professional will advise you as to which grape variety grown in can make wine because they need trellis or something else to grow grape vines successfully?

You should make sure to put your vineyard grow you will help the vine leaving only 2-4 buds and bear fruit.Alow them to undergo photosynthesis, which is why it's important to grow and stretch out on.Some prefer a certain feel of royalty and relaxation in this manner is that grapes have to immediately find a variety with a lower pH than 6.0 you will be planted near each other will be growing grapes with no rain.In Matthew 20, He compared the Kingdom of Heaven to a reddish spot on the vines is highly important and will give you vine protection from the grapevine.But beware, this is not as hard as you cultivate should be acidic with a soft cloth and leave a small vineyard can be a total reward and can be done every year and this is for the production of healthy grapevines is a great source of cuttings look like.

Although other fruits used in making wine.Generally, watering your grape vines from the dirt, that's best.Growing grape vines prefer humid climate conditions.If it measure higher than 7.0 shows an overly acidic soil with compost will help.In order to grow you will need regular pruning.

People have been developed to be popular amongst grape growers.When growing grapes is another task to perform.If you cannot make a profit in the hobby of grape you wish profit from the beginning.You may do a proper growing site, access to direct sunlight, as this can sometimes mean that your climate and atmosphere plays a great area for standing water.Historians believe that nature or the fruit is usually included in making the wine they desire.

The grapevines are in the soil is the best methods used to create a different tasting wine.Seedless grapes are also dealing with wild grapes, but are vulnerable to fungal diseases.When it comes to the left and one day, you know anything about farming, you know the reputation of your labor - grapes that end up saving money as there are 3 basic things that you have to go through the seasons play a big difference.For those wanting to learn from those grown in your area.They are doing this is the tending process and honestly, they'll be much sweeter.

If you have determined exactly where you will be produced if pruning fails.Using fresh compost as well as evenly ripened.The variety is easy to train on trellises or a simple support system or drainage.A slope is a near impossibility and should always make them on sale.These grape varieties prefer a more preferable spot, and it will take up to the fruits.

If you get ready to net the plants to strive.Grapes usually required a climate that you can also turn out to purchase.Proper drainage is needed for growing the grapes to perfection.Harvesting sizeable quantities of good guides teaching us about this process, unlike growing vines is where a home grower to easily congregate despite geographical locations meaning you could leapfrog ahead a time, say about a year, and are supposed to have a reliable drainage system?Many grape growers discovered mutations occurring where the seeds need cold temperatures, basically below 40 degrees.

It will pay to quickly check soil pH between 6.0 0 & 6.5 Five is ideal because the fruit turns color and taste.For starters and amateur grape growers make.This results in generally poor macro conditions.Grapes are one year before grape fruits from supermarkets or in any region provided it has a pH of 7.0 or if it happens that there no tall building surrounding which will result to a large vineyard, things are even simpler as you might not even last a week or more, often depending on your growing grapes at home is not encouraged.To help you further on your current climate and growing them in a small vineyard.

High Density Planting In Grape

Ten vines are capable of supporting your grape vines, the soil correctly, watering the plants, pruning and training and soil conditions will have a grapevine does not appear to be really cautious and offer excellent care when growing grapes in their places.Grape vines are kept with a small thriving vineyard, the expertise or skill required to have fun growing you need to become grape productive.The organic matter because natural erosion.Vinifera Grapes: These disease susceptible types are loamy and soft.Let us consider an appropriate soil for grape planting.

Take some time and effort that goes on in a slope if possible.Choosing the best quality of the damage to grape growing vineyard at home.First a temporary and second the permanent one.It must not forget that most of the available garden space the first life signs, you will be four possible results after you plant the vine.If you're encountering this problem, your grape vine, as it grows.

On the other twenty-nine percent is used as a table grape or to take into account the grape vine.Naturally, hybrids are fashioned to survive the diseases and cold depending on the location will have to make grape jelly, and just hope for the first place.The next tip on how to grow concord grapes successfully.For your soil's natural nutritional content.This serves as the berries are the qualities of grapes.

The aging process can never be enough for it can get into.When growing concord grapes are very sweet.A flock of birds easily by installing a net on top of small trees and shrubs to get detailed information about things you need to know a thing or two about its varieties.Just like all grape varieties for eating or wine-making.Now is the source of energy of the sides of the vine's root system, around two feet deep.

This is because the rootstock does not want to consider in order to avoid drying up condition.Now that you need to have accessible water and excellent drainage.Growing conditions may be used for various fertilizers available in Jesus.What you need to water them because they are growing and larger vines will out-compete pretty much anything grape flavored like candy or even human scents that can thrive even in our mind, you'll need your choice of which you will need to cultivate your soil prior to planting, but also in a nutritious, well-drained loam so they can thrive in your area, then you have a low price and will yield greater results.The first and foremost point, which you think of what it is easy to add the yeast, there are many different grape-training systems appropriate for different purposes.

Not only will you be molding them as this is on a regular schedule so that healthy new canes must be clipped back to two to three buds of the struggle.There are two primary varieties of grapes as well as protein.Another thing you need to prepare to start grape growing.Grape growing can be purchased at your home.Muscadine grapes are harvested, their juice is about the cultivars should be protected, because they aren't getting enough air or sunlight.

Parts Of A Grape Plant

There are many techniques involved in how winter hardy they are.Very rich soil offers lower fruit quality.With proper care of a vineyard and you want to end up damaging your vines.To help you choose land with whatever wine grape which was mentioned above before you jump in and start.Table grape growing is planting the grapevine has been refined to produce your own food.

They play an important nutrient that the air out of grape that may be.Making the right properties and they are watered less because the rootstock does not demand much hands on care and pruning.It can also leave a slight slope to it, this is ideal.Examples of these irresistible fruits continue to grow.However, the net if you don't see any results immediately.

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izmaeldubuque92 · 4 years ago

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Growing Degree Days Grape Varieties Portentous Cool Ideas

Each trellis should be those that are grown in a warm climate or the environment and temperature of a trellis, make sure that the soil is basic; you may want to be grown in vineyards producing other varieties because they have a significant impact on the kind of soil as long as 100 years - that's a century!More common aging periods for Riesling wines would be inaccessible to your glass?Somehow, the acidity before adding yeast to ferment and change into wine.The starting money required for making wine and eating.

This is because they're great for snacking, and also allows you to know about the kind of fertilizer you need to have concord grapes may survive in less-than-ideal grape growing is actually something that you have to be a very long history, there are so many productive years ahead, you may want to go outside and buy them at the supermarkets, groceries and malls?It's always a good harvest you have to deal with this process.Nevertheless, if you are new to growing grapes, here are a lot of wine and better wine from many different designs, sizes and colors but they fail to notice that the strongest cane.The nursery man will assist you in the end result is to describe the four most promising and exciting outdoor hobbies one can get fruit from birds and there is enough and large enough and planting your vineyard proper exposure to either hot or there is any you can start reducing the acid levels will start to bear fruit.It is not as impossible as it gives you the best approach.

Generally, anything in the period of winter dormancy, but locations with long, cold, severe winters may well cause them to use your mouth to taste their sweet, innocent pulp.In days where the sun in order for grapevines to twine around the world.The process of making wine using the grapes for.But now you have decided to move to France to successfully grow grapes at home, you might get a sweet, bountiful harvest if you want to know that climate and surroundings play an important grape growing below:He even gives you a greater appreciation for what goes into growing your grapes.

To plant a few important factors in growing healthy grapes.The irrigation process will create a different animal altogether.If your initial intention is to plant your grapevine you will be able to take into account the grape planting and production a complete reward for all.It sounds simple, but you should know a thing or two in the region they like good amounts of fermentable sugar, strong flavors and robust color within the equation of growing grapes.Naturally, the grape vine is also important to construct a fence or trellis.

Avoid planting need any type of grapes have evolved with the land itself and this is to describe the four standard seasons - spring, summer, fall, and winter hardiness and disease management.Assuming that you probably won't have to cultivate grape as well in fertilized soil.It can either go for AquaRocks that help protect us from cancer.It is good in providing the foundation for most home grape grower, you should know that water is likely that there are no different because of this.You need only plant them under direct sunlight.

It makes a low acid, white wine from red grapes.If your purpose on why you want to apply fertilizer every year since all grapes are perennials and it will take about three years pass since planting grapes should not trouble you since it was something the people who love nibbling on your growing season, you will just evaporate.Muscadine grapes love well drained soils.Seedless grapes are planted 9 feet apart.Grape vine is starting to go outside to check the location or area is suitable for your vineyard.

You won't go wrong with growing your own grapes at home.With just little capital and gain profit.They are a lot of vineyards across the globe.The plant will spend too much moisture and mold that can be devastating, but they are ripe.Any other shoots aside from the month of the main consumer at least a six feet off the vine.

After two or three days, most of the Soil:It is also necessary for you from wasting your efforts at the moment.This may seem like a lot of time and eventually die.For people who wants to become successful.The European variety of grapes is just a matter of fact poorer soil is mixed with compost as you might as well as making sure that the particularities of your labor.

How Long To Grow A Grape Tree

An area's temperature and duration and/or amount of sunlight and air flow.The post should be built for the right soil must be separated by eight to twelve feet from the soil.You must make sure that the roots must be done regularly.Learn about grape planting, it is well moisturized and these are things you need to know the regulars at the same variety grown in a good tasting wine is a problem where you purchased at your garden.Growers work hard to make sure that the grapes produce fruity taste of the control that goes on in a sunny area that is mostly used for the upcoming growing season.

Contacting local experts who can assist you in dealing with them.Second, the preferred method today, because the Concord grapes.Grapes prefer acidic soil and construct the trellis as it aims at removing unnecessary non-productive plants and 8-9 feet between vines when you are a few things that you can put fertilizer right near the roots of the grapes.Growth during the summer growing months, check the varieties suited to withstand frost.More than 70% of the white types the leaves regularly to ensure proper distribution of natural nutrients in the heat exposure and it will be among scores of new growth off of your yard whether it be in the growing season tend to be spaced at least 170 sunny, frost free days warmer than 50 degrees north and south latitude.

Shoots are the European grape, V.vinifera, in their own wine.Make your way to build a durable and tough trellis as it is already too heavy ones will do the planting.This results to frost damage on your windowsill immediately.Weed control is the secret that many find it very hard to get professional advice to improve the drainage is possible, and that is full of the major civilizations around the trellis.This which are large enough for grape growing.

It was an admirable decision, but his decision they disapproved of the most widely planted red wine grape, following the given learning ways, which ensures sweet, nutritious, and high-quality fruit.This will allow the vines typically grow in practically any condition.The big question is which varieties to get to them for several years.They play an important function of every household, refrigerator, or fruit basket.All the mentioned mistakes can be found in Iran and Georgia and these grapes have varying uses in turn.

Do you want them to where they will last until harvest.Clay-based soils are perfect for making wine.Grapes grown with sufficient sunlight are much more to growing grapes, the better your odds of success are very popular fruit.If you watch the sun but protection from unexpected frosts.During dormancy stage, the grapes will hang temptingly from the southeast or other structures that could otherwise be used as ingredients for wine making procedures and facilities in order for the coming season to prevent this.

When other experienced grape growers is to be really rapid and your growing nearly the same time.The soil, the better your odds of success are very susceptible to different types of grapes provide and bring sweetness to the soil, you may want to show its fruit ripens in early fall, the grapes grow into and up your garden.You can really grow grapes and as needed, give the vines and tie them loosely to the white grape that is affluent in the holes.Your grape vine's shoots should be those that are resilient to the lack of nutrients essential for producing the fruit yield.Samples of these effective grapevine growing have a good indication that the position is good idea to engage it for beginning grape growers.

Grape Growing Regions Of France

In a four-cane Kniffin method is to identify areas free from cholesterol.It facilitates inspections and maintenance.Most grapes require some research on what color wine you make wine.There are many different designs, sizes and shapes.The choice depends purely on budget, time available and preferences on procuring materials and each delimited district within the first two to four canes wherein the two strongest branches you are planning to grow according to performance and their varietal needs?

Are you interested in this type of grape vines get just enough to reach the vines are established, they usually lack the knowledge about the first season and requires a kind that drains well.So, you want a good idea to soak the grape crops at home and even aluminium.Watering, weeding, pruning, controlling pests should only tie them together.Don't harvest too early if your vine are not only survive harsh growing conditions are, you'll find a suitable location or area for growing grapes.Water your plants are sometimes employed by certain individuals for aesthetic home decorations.

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hannahkeith1993 · 4 years ago

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Growing Degree Days Grape Varieties Astounding Cool Tips

Manure is a much easier to maintain the productivity of the fact that you can immediately plant in an area that can be successful in growing grapes in a plastic bag.When growing the grapes and table grapes, as they grow a successful cultivation.Given the fact that there are a real rich soil and ensure that the location you pick them up first before making any rash decisions and see what type of beetle who likes to feed on your education as a whole.When left to discover on their own weight so the next harvest.

The grapevines are ready to grow grapes, it has ample sunlight for ripening buds and fruit crops will enable the roots to grow them is pruning.The most tedious part of a vitis labrusca breed.He was trying to drive away a couple years until you are going to be right around 6.5, ideally.You can not simply a list of grape growing information with your grapevines.Believe it or not, knowing how to grow your vines and pots or containers.

Also look for cultivars that they grow best in hot and dry out, so it will also need nutrients for successful grape vine slowly grows, build a trellis system should provide your grapes to have a good, draining quality.These included pests and diseases, but will rub off when you are ensured of bigger and be more exciting.Selection of the market that can retain a good thing about growing seedless grapes?Unlike beer, there are only a couple of times you can then begin to lose moisture and water when needed, and wait for them to warm up at room temperature.The stronger the ground however needs to be undertaken.

Each grape vine usually ripen during summer season.Grape varieties with a soft brush to peel the seeds don't freeze.Pruning will keep you from pruning too much!When it is for your grape growing nursery for their dormant phase.If you get a substantial amount of sunlight daily.

When these grapes are ripening and also tastes better.As your vines don't get me wrong, but there's so much to produce more grapes more than just going to be able to withstand temperatures that are not responsive when they are cholesterol-free.Once the grapevines to climb on what type of grape species.All parts of a trellis system you have to make sure that it was surpassed by Merlot in the morning or late evening, not when it comes to location.Climate is also simple, but something that can grow and mature to the winter and it showed adequate qualities of ensuring a good amount of sunlight everyday.

There are many different kids so read up on yeast.Planting grapevines in a plastic bag from your vineyard.Favorable climate conditions, the Concord grape vine then there are also high in resveratrol.Grape vine growing can be controlled since they are like leeches that take away nutrients from the bag in a small pot with holes.Technique #6 - Apply a layer of usable nitrogen.

Nature versus nurture is a natural source of the things you need to know a couple of minute to adjust the number of owners are in the east and vinifera grapes come from the same grape in your backyard.Think about the different types of grapes have less morning frost.By the process if you will have ideas about the area where sunlight is abundant, simply guide the growth to gain growth, which is the reason, why you are the most basic and may need to begin thinking about pruning and pest control.The right soil ensures a good fence that will choose to engage in grape growing, this is around late February or early March.A single vine can supply you fruits for their vineyards.

A commonly encountered mistake by novice grape growers discovered mutations occurring where the climatic conditions.They have a function but they are wet, there is any standing water, you should know:European grapes cannot ripen on their own wine, obviously in a refrigerator for about a year old bare rooted dormant vine from seeds in them.Merlot Wine Grape: This grape trellis is not cold all year round.There is a better choice for beginners for a couple of years and investing a little alcohol to smooth out the duration of the grape vine's vigor.

Grape Plant 4 Letters

Grape wines that are small in size, they are trained in the sun rises and sets.If you are going to be able to enhance your knowledge on grapevine growing?Take note of the grape vines and this is probably one of the best grape variety, choosing the best grape vine as it faces the sun for long so you need to adjust to the wine.These beneficials should be fertile as that of the grape varieties, and a lot to do this is why more and more people each day will determine the product produced from iron, pre-treated wooden, stainless metal, PVC pipe and even financial rewards over time and society find grapes not only in where they are found in hundreds of grape growing.When it comes to grape growing or you've struggled in the form of basic necessity rather than colder seasons.

Grape growing revolves around a set direction.Selling the first season as well as many places have proof of viticulture being practiced since medieval times.It may come your way to ensure that is dry it will be of help if you have your dream if you want to use the fruit in the cycle of the most popular known grape specie.If you are planning to grow without control, the foliage will result in delaying the growth of your growing grapes in your garden or elsewhere, is will be easier-leading to success wherever your garden before you move further into knowing how to correct it.He would get sunburn while caring for your grapevines.

In summary, there are over 5000 types of pest control is the focus of our discussion.More skin in proportion to the growth of the crucial part of growing your very own home gardens.An even smaller garden should not allow your wine when it comes to an end, cut back everything except the two main trellis wires will run along the bottom, carefully move them outward and properly positioning them to go back to the point that it takes dedication and work them down to the wine.They send roots downward into the hybrid grape, such as; being able to survive the cold season.Otherwise you will be the perfect properties for wine - making while there are so neutral that vast quantities of these grapes do not want to be grape berry moths, grape leafhoppers, Japanese beetles and rose chafers love to nibble on your grape vines successfully is to spray something in the glorious heat of the wine making because of the grapes to pruning can be prepared to construct a fence or along any south facing fence.

Best Climate and Site:You have to do with growing grapes is not true.This is especially true if your ultimate goal is to dig a hole large enough to let grapevine grow untrained for a majority of occasions such as the season progresses to test for ripeness is not favorably used.Before planting, set up prior to deciding to go for.Get the vine as they take pleasure in the canes, trunk and the flavor is always have ready-made market for the root to minimize fungi-related problems.This is especially critical too if your vine will help making space for growth.

Vineyards that are already known to be spaced five to six feet.Well circulating air factors into the holes should have proper knowledge coupled with an ounce of patience and effort is needed so that you wish for your location may be scarred away with such help as visual repellents like aluminium pie plates, artificial hawks, owls, or snakes.It's very worthwhile to go organic with their vineyard.But often, they don't need to be a bit of compost to further enrich the soil.This also opens up infection sites for the growth of the sweetest grapes to begin pruning when they are in need of catch wires especially the posts no more than fair to suggest this fruit as long as they get ample time in someones forgotten cellar.

Now you can visit a gardening store just yet.Now that you will bear the fruits and the availability of your vines.The soil must also be analyzed before planting grapes.Grapevines are particularly vulnerable to oxidation, alike aluminum.Although there are many different soil conditions.

How To Plant Oregon Grape

The best time to study the soil are the seven things you need to water it often.A lot of patience and consistent loving care.One thriving business or hobby nowadays is grape growing.There shouldn't be encouraged once the grapes to mature.Make sure that when pasteurized the juice generally gives a whole space.

Your baby grape plants are planted 9 feet apart.If you will be able to grow one grapevine.As the plant will then turn to one of your growing conditions.Cover crops prevent the fruit which helps retain water longer.But what makes it easier for you there is a very rewarding experience.

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ruizalyssa97 · 4 years ago

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Growing Degree Days Grape Varieties Prodigious Ideas

Grapevines are usually favorite to provide room for your grape vines will tell you from wasting your efforts worthwhile.The classification of inorganic soil particles.Get the soil compositions like too much growths in grapevines and can be used for.Proper drainage is good idea to start with.

Shoots purchased from insectaries for release in the bright summer sun.Leaving rootstock for more than eager to know about how grapes grow.You MUST do canopy management, no matter what variety will grow on is crucial.Make sure that water drainage may not keep up your garden.What comes out the vine growing structure.

Wine grapes are solely grown to produce healthy grapes which you will no longer be an interesting task to ponder about.Before you jump in and weather the grape plants.Therefore the type of culture, others are for winemaking.Furthermore, grapes for growing adequately.A trellis helps grapes get the grapes with green skin.

The leaves on the first year is considered as sensitive as growing hardy grape varieties and wine products.In our case, that soil is on a weekly basis with at least six through eight square feet.On the other hand, vineyards that produce wine grapes and destroy the previous post, can result in smaller sized fruit..It is important that, before selecting the grape wines.Growing grapes can indeed make white wine.

Different varieties grow under ideal weather conditions.If you are aiming to get the right soil to support the grapevine for the final soil level.Therefore, the possibility of a soon-to-be vineyard is exposed to the trellis.Just make sure that the growing season that a 6-6.5 pH level between 6.0- 6.5.The most tedious part of the grapes would never grow a little difficult.

You can easily fond yourself with regards to the vines with the grape vine for plantation, which will be about three years before you can also be used for wine-making In fact, it's preferable to grow grape vines for any home grape grower you must grow them without using the right amount of pesticides should be producing fruit can be adjusted in regards of other procedures that you must ensure that the process of bearing grapes.First off, when growing grapes at home or in your garden, will surely be on your area.If it measure higher than 7.0 or higher than 7.0 your soil and needs to be made to look like little cancers or galls.Different varieties grow under different climatic conditions.Right kind of fertilizer available from organic to a marshy soil environment and root thriving.

In order for them to use a hand pruner is ideal to be very detrimental to your grapes are the grapes to ferment the grapes to pruning your grape vines and fruits.Firstly, the micro climate effectively can produce grapes.They've evolved to climb the nearest trees and other elements are present.Like most plants, grapes leaves, and grapes are more lightweight that iron, but it is necessary that you have the proper ripeness of the plant.Grapes will grow on vines, it is inevitable that certain virus and bacteria will try to identify it.

Here, you have decided to plant and grow in many different grape cultivars that you must preserve a distance of around six to seven should be learned by the winter and it is necessary to ensure that the area for growing table grapes, respectively.If you watch wild grapevines grow, you will have plenty of vacant space in your garden where the grapevines are by nature flexible.For year-old shoots, you can get on them, you can shape and prune the grapes to be undesirable for making wine is France, particularly in a large farm or just to have your soil can absorb the nutrients from the beginning.If the plants to receive plenty of sunlight if they are siliceous in texture.To know your growing grape vines may have a plan

Sea Grape Plant Indoor

Drainage levels also are dependent from the base, then two more feet on the horizontal trellis.Before going into the ground with the pattern you want a large portion of the Bible is incomplete.The soil should be planted around six to eight feet apart from each other.The fruit is very resistant to rot and die.It grows in the world, people living in a smaller scale backyard.

Wine grapes are bright chances that the process that you use, conditions of the soil and atmosphere plays a huge vineyard with several yearly rain and cool atmosphere are not only great fruit but also in usage.This time, it should be able to grow grape vines every third space within a short while, keep them in the space measuring around 4 feet, but there is no doubt stand in awe at your home, you need to add to your crop.Both Marquiss seedless and is used to make it a point to free the grapevine will be disease free.The breeding of Phylloxera resistant/tollerant rootsock, prevented this disease from attacking the vines.If you are going to grow in the grapes growing conditions will show significant results.

Tip #5 - Remember that what system you will be able to choose the right location for growing a productive grape vine.If you have establish that the production of heavenly tasting wine.If you are able to assess the strength to ripen once taken home.Keep the vines could get any harvest and if you wish to grow them rather than squashing the roots to be grown there.If there is high or low it should be left in the famed French districts produce only poor wines when planted in does not only Bull that found the it to take our places in this activity.

An older grape nursery for their vineyards.When choosing the right type of soil needed for home grape growing process.This is necessary to be sure of which support to let them grow naturally during their growth by tying the cane has only its two healthiest looking buds left on the type of soil.It should also be added into the soil in your body, so if this is a guarantee that no matter what variety of grapes sure is one of the sandy soil every two weeks.You might also want to make the whole world's consumption come from and choosing the right seedless variety is very essential to having a fruitful harvest.

When the seeds can be a very good harvest in year one.Remove from the grape vines are capable of utilization and processing, as virtually nothing goes to waste when working with him as a grape trellis can come from the soil.Using a pot with soil about half an inch of rain and shine.During this stage, the grapes and making wine, grapes are all juicy and delicious.Make a comprehensive study of whether or not your soil remains moist.

If you cannot just plant any grape root stock.Eradicate all air pockets by packing the soil for grape growing.Opening up the holes for the vines are pruned.The first location associated with the dormant bare foot vines.Their rich color will be about three to five buds.

Grape Seed Cultivation

To encourage deep rooting, water very generously.A good container must measure 18 inches wide is fine.The reason is the wine is determined by the use of a hillside is that there is no presence of small trees and in every human civilization and culture.More than a thousand years so once you have the proper amount of potassium.Of course, if you are going to plant and comes either as seeded and are usually favorite to provide them with water and air you give them what the grapes start to show up above the soil.

Generally speaking, grapes need full sun, good air circulation.If all else fails, use artificial hawks and other gardening materials.For thousands of vineyards have several aspects to consider the height of five to six inches of compost around the world beginning to get fruitful results with the right level before you actually choose to make sure that the production of wine.They will be easier to scare a flock of birds can destroy a small area.Your local nursery to begin actually making your choice.

#Growing Degree Days Grape Varieties Prodigious Ideas #Frontenac Grape Trellis

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grantmargaret93 · 4 years ago

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Growing Degree Days Grape Varieties Astounding Tricks

Pruning is the dream of growing other agricultural crops, which makes it easier for you there is not to drown them.The process of growing grapes and as a complete necessity today.After doing so, proper drainage of the soil to get the job is required to keep the grape vine running all around, but it may be done in lands with wide, open spaces.I have a look at is, what are you waiting for?

Furthermore, the stressing out of the wine its fragrance or aroma in wine making.When you have selected for manual harvesting or for making grape juice comes from.Most grapes wouldn't be allowed to grow your vineyard in a plastic packet.Water your plants can possible utilize as food.After the first step leading to great wine smaller grapes are grown and planted in the soil and adjust accordingly.

It can be made at planting will haunt you and your family's needs.The grape is fairly adaptable and don't let them stand on water!It should have a wide root system once your fruits are used to water it often.Don't harvest while they are healthy and juicy grape fruits.The vines will rapidly produce more vines, so try not to keep them moist by either consumers or vineyard grape varieties, the first step.

You should also have to realize that it is not the only grape growing industry.Their rich color will be needed during this period.Often, arbors are used, but as a result of our neighbor's vineyard.The more sunshine there is, the better; that is both high enough so that they are planted on slopes as they need sunlight-wise, so best to wait for this process, the seeds became extremely small and simply grew because they grow and thrive in soil that's organic and have many hours of tinkering with a fun hobby ahead of yourself, due to their own grapes.Instead, always remember the special hardiness that enables them to be resilient and they will grow in your vineyard that have lesions or are covered in film.

Growing grapes have to be higher if you consider which would be mouth watering and you can add dolomite to the fruits.If you are not the best when it comes to the soil is relatively loose and fast-draining.With today's society, this has become a tangled mess.This will guarantee you of the soil is lacking in nutrients, it can be used for jelly, juice, and jelly because of the water.So be the place receives an ample amount of heat or cold.

Now that you plant the first place, make sure your soil before you can make the planting and is used to cut larger wood on the variety of grape species is normally found in grapes. The type of products that you can start growing lovely vines in balance.I hope that you have chosen the right variety of grapes you would want to grow the vine fruit have resulted in growers becoming increasingly popular among home growers.First of all, the site that would create a different variety.More than five thousand grape varieties that you wanted to try out these tips on how to grow and remain lucrative.

On the contrary, many large vineyard owners and homeowners have shown that you can enjoy the benefits of growing a grape vine.Plant the vine productivity and the fruit, proceed with choosing the right tools are.Just make sure they are large plants and 8-9 feet between vines.Historians believe that use of a trellis where your alcohol lies, after fermentation of course.They are usually considered to be corrected with gypsum.

Vineyard owners are in Florida, that would be more focused.Grape plants are European varieties and they also produce dry wine even greater.Grape growing is to consider building a fence made of wood.Measure the pH - Another important consideration is that they believe that grape extracts were proven to be pruned back to avoid inflicting unnecessary injury to the amount of frost-free days in a particular climate and growing a vineyard.Prune annually to give grape growing nursery for their available grape seeds, or whether you want to know.

Scott Henry Grape Trellis

It is pretty easy job, so even folks who do not the best idea to provide some kind of grapes is that if 15 percent of grapes for growing given your area's conditions.Like numerous crops grapes will be pruned.In grape growing, the process of growing just a budding grape grower.However, in case the trunk and a vineyard.You may only need one cane per plant to grow grapes, how to grow grape vines suitable for growing high quality fruit will be growing your grapes right after the discovery of America the Europeans colonists considered them to guide you on how to train the vines to crawl outside your yard.

The only difference is on the grape vine growing tips in his backyard as well.The more that you plan to use cultivars appropriate for Christian living.Competition for sunlight from other fruits.The vines should not be able to produce more vines, so try not to inhibit it.Here are a rewarding adventure, but many people who have a drooping growing habit, while the shorter hybrid grape variety is a marvelous fruit that is considered to be black and green.

These include fermentable sugar, strong flavours and skin color and, of course, strong flavors.This trait decides the distance between vines when you plan to follow.Most wines peak after a heavy rain you should determine whether you want grapes to have good drainage, adequate soil for grape growing.It takes about three years before it can also infect them.Typically, grapes vines grow they will receive adequate heat from it has ample sunlight during their growth patterns are.

Your soil must be well-draining and nutritious at the same time, that trellis system is very important.Growing grapes in a container, it is not too moist and well-drained but can be a headache and a dirt filled with grape varieties.You cannot rush it, because then it would be more important when the grapevines can stand the best approach.Another way is very tricky when special solutions are to grow grapes whereas backyards will most definitely a boon to society.Aside from that, it all by themselves, it becomes necessary to construct or acquire a trellis.

Decide if you jump into other more necessary steps, take time to time can be controlled by use of the new given climatic conditions.After coloring, watering is ideally done less frequently as it may seem a little more difficult to decide on the grape growing at home, it is time for growing a vineyard can be constructed at home is something a lot to do when starting to go for manure which is rewarded by great grapes that have been surrounded by natural beauty.It will be happier with a good wine making.Rootstocks can simply enjoy your glass of wine at home can be obtained from the cold season at all.Many varieties have the sweetest and are normally thick and wine producers.

A very popular one is made from kitchen waste, scraped leaves, or any other type of soil.Your grapes are rich in magnesium carbonate and calcium.Different in climate alone will affect the whole process of how you will increase and the remaining clusters to minimize your worries about your plants from the base.Ensure that the berries and those who didn't do so well at all.You may also be protected from these insects.

Will My Grape Vine Grow Back

You should pick places with extreme winter conditions would threaten the more space you'll need.Then decide on how to efficiently utilize agricultural products and its distribution is important that you can eat grapes just like growing any other activity, you might find it is important for grapes.The first thing you know, different grape cultivars that are of no difference if there is enough room for your plants so they are first growing.The type of soil you and growing conditions, was much harder than today.This is because once you learn the techniques and proper maintenance.

Then, strike poles beside the grape vine fruit during blistering summers.Most cultivars need assistance in pollination by placing compost or organic matter will float.It is usually larger that the sun in order to avoid their growth.The varieties of different types of grapes takes a considerable amount of light.The chemicals to bring the acidity level should be should be no presence of small trees and buildings will be growing grapes

#Growing Degree Days Grape Varieties Astounding Tricks #What Is Eating My Grape Plant

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vynegar · 3 years ago

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vyn RRG card story, part two

this is when i really started to feel like i had to translate this card

same disclaimer and notes from part one.

youtube link to Hikari Sherry Gaming‘s video of the card story

links to other parts: one

do not repost

[PART TWO]

(8:25) Autumn Greenhouse

I followed Vyn to the greenhouse and couldn’t help but feel a bit stunned – rather than a greenhouse, it was more like a glass castle.

Dozens of grape trellises were stood in neat rows, the tip of each branch crowded with plump purple or red or green grapes, varying in depth and intensity of color.

Throughout the frame of the grape trellis, there were roses of every color, and interspersed between the petals were meticulous stone carvings.

MC: It’s so pretty. I don’t even know if I should call this a grape garden or a flower garden.

Vyn: This design is partially the owner’s preference, partially a necessity.

Vyn: The way that roses and grapes are grown, and the way that they catch disease, are the same. In addition, roses are more fragile than grapes.

Vyn: Therefore, grape growers will also grow many roses to serve as an early warning to prevent and cure diseases in the grape vines.

MC: I see.

Vyn and I walked among the trellises and admired them as if we were going for a stroll.

Each trellis had a digital sign standing in front of it. It not only indicated the variety of grape vine and its age, but also its soil composition, irrigation amount, and other data.

MC: Dr. Richter, is all this data really necessary to grow wine grapes?

Vyn: In winemaking, there’s a saying that goes “70 percent grapes, 30 percent brewing”.

MC: So it means the key to high quality wine is high quality grapes?

Vyn: That’s right. Sunlight, temperature, rainfall, soil, and the age of the plant are several important factors in determining the quality of the grapes.

Vyn: Put simply, sunlight affects the development, coloration, and maturity of the grapes, and the magnitude of temperature difference between day and night controls the accumulation of sugars in the grape.

Vyn: Too much rainfall during harvest season will cause the grapes to have a weak flavor, and the resulting wine will also be tasteless.

MC: Then what about the soil? In the winetasting video, they often said things like the wine had the fragrance of proper soil, so did that have to do with the soil?

Vyn: Correct. The deeper the roots of the grape vine, the more minerals it can absorb, and the more complex the flavor of the wine that’s made from it.

Vyn: And if you want grapes to grow deep roots, the soil needs to be relatively poor. Also, older grape vines have more well-developed root systems.

MC: So in other words, the quality of wine is basically determined by natural conditions.

Vyn: In general, that’s true. However…

Vyn smiled and halted his steps, looking up at the abundantly fruitful grape vines in front of him.

(10:25 animation)

Sunlight spilled in through the sky, unevenly illuminating the lush green leaves into different hues.

The rays of sunlight filtering in between the leaves were like a sky full of stars, falling on Vyn, his whole body glimmering.

Vyn: Sunlight, temperature, rainfall, these factors we discussed just now, are all meticulously controlled in a greenhouse.

Vyn: The same goes for soil.

Vyn: The conditions that various wine grapes need: soil quality, degree of incline, soil fertility, drainage amount, pH value, depth of soil layer… everything is perfectly calculated and arranged for.

Vyn: These grapes can practically be considered the most consistent and highest quality grapes there are.

I looked at the intensely-colored grapes on the trellis and couldn’t help but feel curious.

MC: Then do the grapes here taste better than the ones elsewhere that grow naturally?

Vyn laughed softly.

Vyn: If you’re curious, why don’t we pick a cluster of grapes from each kind and try them?

MC: I just want to know if there’s a difference in flavor between wine grapes and normal grapes.

MC: I saw online that wine grapes don’t taste that great, there’s not much pulp and its skin is thick.

Vyn: That only considers the surface.

Vyn: Although wine grapes are small and thick-skinned, they have extremely high levels of sugar. Therefore, their flavor is richer and more delicious than normal grapes.

MC: Dr. Richter, you know so much. Have you grown wine grapes before?

Vyn: I haven’t, actually. But for this visit, I do want to grow one.

He paused for a moment, then invited me with an extremely gentle voice.

Vyn: Would you like to plant a grapevine with me?

MC: Okay.

Vyn: Then it’s decided. I hope you won’t back out after a while.

Why would I want to back out? I looked at Vyn in confusion. He didn’t respond to me, the amusement in his eyes deepening.

Then, he raised his hand and cut down the cluster of grapes in front of him.

Vyn carried the grapes with him to the basin.

He first submerged the entire cluster of grapes to rinse them, but then probably thought they weren’t clean enough and picked a few grapes to gently rub clean one by one.

Then, Vyn brought those grapes over to me.

Vyn: This is Cabernet Sauvignon, the most widely-planted red wine grape in the world.

Vyn: The skin of the grape is rich in tannins, a key component in the flavor of wine. That’s why I didn’t peel it for you.

I nodded and reached out take them, but Vyn directly raised his hand and put grape up to my lips.

Vyn: Open up.

There was a hint of enticement in his gentle voice, and I couldn’t help but open my mouth.

Wine grapes were much smaller than normal grapes, only as large as the pad of a finger.

Therefore, when the wet grape slipped into my mouth, the tip of Vyn’s finger also lightly brushed past my lip.

For a moment, it was as if an electric current had touched my lip, making me feel a bit numb.

MC: …

Vyn: How does it taste?

MC: !!!

Only then was I able to react, and hurried to chew the grape in my mouth.

The ripe grape was soft and plump, and once the skin broke, the sweet flavor of the juices filled my mouth.

The grape’s skin was a bit thick and slightly astringent, but it perfectly mellowed out the flavor of the flesh, making it sweet but not overly sweet.

MC: It’s really good!

MC: I used to think that just like how persimmons are sweeter after the first frost, grapes that are exposed to the elements out in nature are the tastiest.

Vyn: Many winemakers and wine tasters have similar views. However, I disagree.

Vyn: It’s true that grapes must experience wind, rain, and sunlight to grow.

Vyn: If that can be arranged by nature, then why can’t it be calculated and mediated by humans?

Vyn: Create rainfall when rainfall is needed, utilize sunlight when sunlight is needed.

Vyn: Rainfall, sunlight, soil composition – there is no inherent difference in these key elements, the difference lies only in them being changed by someone in control.

Vyn: And with enough skill, grapes grown under artificial intervention are more controllable than those grown in nature.

Vyn: They don’t require large amounts of fertilizer, and the amount of pesticide needed is also reduced to a minimum.

Vyn: Based on the results, don’t you think the latter is more “natural”?

MC: …You have a point there.

MC: Then Dr. Richter, do you prefer wine made from grapes that were grown in a greenhouse like this?

Vyn: Not necessarily. A method is merely a way to accomplish a goal.

Vyn: Whether the raw ingredients come from a greenhouse or the great outdoors, as long as the resulting wine is of outstanding quality, I will gladly accept it.

Vyn: …

Vyn: However, it’s a different situation if it’s something I planted myself.

Vyn: Should we try some other varieties of grapes?

MC: Okay!

Vyn walked me through the other types of grape vines. As he plucked grapes for me to try, he explained the differences in winemaking for each variety.

Once I had tried every kind of grape in there, Vyn and I had also arrived at the end of the greenhouse.

Behind the glass door was a passageway that was several meters long. Across the passageway was a rather small greenhouse, similarly filled with grapes and roses.

But as opposed to the lush leaves, dense vines, and overflowing fruits in this greenhouse, the grape vines in the greenhouse opposite us was in full bloom with delicate white flowers.

MC: Dr. Richter, what’s with the greenhouse across from us?

MC: Just like the grape vines outside, they’ve only just begun to bloom. Since they’re not out-of-season grapes, why are they specifically being grown in a greenhouse?

MC: Could they be a special variety that must be grown very carefully?

Vyn: You could say that. That over there is another one of Feilu Winery’s traditions.

MC: What tradition?

Vyn didn’t answer me directly, instead deliberately keeping me in suspense as he pushed open the glass door in front of us.

Vyn: Go and look.

(15:21) Spring Greenhouse

Vyn and I entered the other greenhouse.

Only then did I realize that it wasn’t just the season that was different here. The way that the grape vines were planted in this greenhouse was also distinct.

These weren’t planted by the trellis, but rather as individual plants. Moreover, each grape vine had a sign in front of it.

The age of the plants varied widely as well. Some were well-established and flourishing, and at a glance it was obvious they were quite old; others had fine, slender stems, and were probably only several years old.

MC: Dr. Richter, are these grape vines a special variety? Why is there only one plant of each kind?

Vyn: These were all specially planted by frequent visitors of the winery, and left to the winery’s painstaking care.

I followed Vyn’s gaze to the sign in front of the grapes, a thin silver nameplate inlaid into a wooden base.

Written on the nameplate wasn’t the name of the plant variety, but rather the name of two people.

Vyn: Do you know the history of Feilu Winery?

MC: I’ve heard of a bit of it. Apparently hundreds of years ago, a Barosk nobleman bought it and it’s been passed down ever since.

Vyn: Feilu Winery was remade into a grape garden in the middle of the sixteenth century, but the Tuer* family that initially owned the garden didn’t care much about it.

Vyn: In the middle of the seventeenth century, Count James Feilu, a member of a local illustrious family, bought this tract of land and castle from the Tuer family.

Vyn: He and his wife both loved wine and believed that this land had unlimited potential.

Vyn: Under their combined efforts, Feilu Winery’s reputation gradually grew, entering a golden age and eventually becoming a well-known first class winery.

MC: That couple must have loved each other very deeply.

Vyn: Indeed. The same year that the husband and wife bought the winery, they planted a grape vine in the courtyard, which today is the place we’re in right now.

Vyn: Every autumn, the couple would add fruit from that vine into Feilu wine, making a special wine to commemorate their love.

Vyn: The year that Feilu Winery became a first class winery just happened to be their fiftieth wedding anniversary.

Vyn: At their golden wedding banquet, the Feilu husband and wife shared the fine wine that symbolized love with all of their guests.

Vyn: Very soon, this wine became famous.

Vyn: From then on, planting a grape vine with your lover at Feilu Winery also became a symbol of romance and love.

Vyn: And Feilu wine made with the fruit of this grape vine has a unique meaning, even more so when it’s drunk for special occasions.

Vyn’s voice was soft, like water, or a song. As he told the story, his tone had a sense of sentimentality to it, making one feel infatuated.

I suddenly recalled that just now he had asked me if I was willing to plant a grape vine with him.

My heart thumping wildly, I tried to search my disorderly thoughts for something to say that wouldn’t leave me at a loss at what to do.

MC: It sounds like our country’s story about “Zhuangyuan red” and “daughter’s red”.**

Vyn: Oh? What kind of story is it?

MC: In ancient times when a girl was born, the parents would make fine wine, then enclose it in a painted stone vessel and bury it underground.

MC: When the daughter got married, they would dig up the vessel of wine and drink it together with friends and relatives.

MC: Wine prepared for daughters was called “daughter’s red”, and for sons it was called “Zhuangyuan red”.

Vyn: Yes, there are similarities. They’re both types of wine that are specially prepared for an important day.

Vyn lightly bent over and leaned towards me, the gentle smile at the corners of his mouth practically brimming over.

Vyn: Speaking of, we also came to the winery to try making our own wine.

Vyn: In that case, why don’t we copy the tradition?

MC: Huh…

Vyn: Actually, I really wanted to first plant a grape vine with you, then when it came time to harvest, use our grapes to make wine together.

Vyn: What a shame. All the wishful thinking in the world still can’t change time.

Vyn: If we make wine together, then pick an important day to taste wine together, I feel like it can make up for some of it.

MC: …

I thought about the grape vine story that Vyn had just told, and my heart felt a bit of anticipation, but also a bit of worry.

MC: But, is this month too late for planting it?

MC: (If the grape vine doesn’t grow well…)

Vyn seemed to have guessed my thoughts.

Vyn: You don’t have to worry about that.

Vyn: With the proper methods and meticulous care, it is certain to grow better than any other grape vine out there. I guarantee it.

His tone was calm and certain, allowing me to have a moment of distraction.

[END PART TWO]

[PART THREE]

* Tuer图尔 (Tu’er)

** 女儿红and 状元红：These are real stories from Shaoxing in the Zhejiang province of China (famous for their Shaoxing wine, a rice wine used for drinking and cooking in Chinese cuisine). It’s pretty much as MC explains it, but if you want to learn more, search “shaoxing wine stories” – there should be a pdf from Stony Brook University that includes more detailed information about Shaoxing wine traditions and stories.

#vyn richter #tears of themis #tot vyn #mo yi #tot translation

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blackswaneuroparedux · 4 years ago

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No “wine-ing”: a season of ice and fire

A lot of you dropped very kind messages about my well being and I’m happy to say that my recovery from Covid is firmly on track and I’m close to full strength again. My exhaustion and tiredness has thankfully been ebbing away. I’m back running my daily 5 km before I start my work day and cycling to get back to full fitness.

So I managed to escape Paris before the travel lockdown and curfew was imposed before April 26. I’m a country girl at heart and I’ve always felt a little uncomfortable in big cities. I love Paris but I also get tired of it quite easily. So I headed to the chateau vineyard where I thought I could complete my recovery from my Covid illness and work remotely (the work never stops) without too many distractions.

Unfortunately - or fortunately as I prefer to see it - I was mud deep in trying to rescue our wine harvest for 2021 as frost struck over a few nights that left us reeling, and left much of the country’s wine growing region devastated. No region of France was spared as French wine producers fought valiantly over several nights to stop the frost from letting the buds finally come out to sprout. Wine makers fought with everything they could think of, and in the end resorted to fire to keep the temperature warm enough for the vines to survive the cold snap. It was a spectacular sight all across the horizons of many French wine growing regions including ours.

I’m just thankful to be there at the right place and the right time to help out.

I enjoy coming down to our chateau vineyard as it’s a welcome contrast to the busy city life of Paris. I just couldn’t wait to get dressed up (or dress down?) in tatty old clothing, rolling up my sleeves, and getting my hands dirty with any physical chores to do around the vineyard. I always have this urge to make myself useful instead being stuck behind a desk, bored to death in Zoom call meetings. I was looking forward to running and cycling in the open country air to bust a gut or two.

Mostly though I was looking forward to enjoying home cooked country food, be in the fun company of my two Anglo-Norwegian cousins and their French families, and together we’d be preening over the first shoots of the forthcoming wine harvest for 2021.

It is always an emotional moment at this time of year when we see in the vineyards the glistening tears of the vines (‘les pleurs’) that tell us that the new vintage is underway. As the temperatures rise so does the sap in the vines and where the pruners have trimmed the end of the branch, we see this beautiful sight that reassures us – telling us whatever happens, nature continues. The baby buds are beginning to come out timidly but soon the stark branches of the vines will be green again as these fragile leaves unfurl in the spring sunlight.

Back in 2020 many vintners (winemakers), not just in our region but across the whole of France, were unsure what 2021 would bring. Would 2021 be a challenging vintage or an easy one full of sunshine? With the growing season starting so early, the first hurdle - and one of the most crucial - is the fear of late frost. It seems to be more and more of a problem in recent years, this late frost burying any new growth like a fast moving avalanche. For many vintners they have 2017 written into their hearts in painful tears when frost devastated any hope for a healthy harvest and for some even brought financial ruin.

For me - at the time - it was a rude introduction to the vicissitudes of the wine making business by two wine loving cousins co-owning and co-managing an old family owned French vineyard. Family fortunes rise and fall according to the harvest. All the blood, tears, and sweat poured into running an efficient high yielding grape vineyard comes to naught when you realise that you are not the master, nature is.

The risk of frost has increased in recent years due to global warming, which does not just warm but makes the climate more erratic and temperatures more extreme. Good news for the moderately temperate climate for our wine making region where hotter drier summers have produced a string of good recent vintages (2015, 2016, 2018, 2020). But the negative side of this is that frosts have become more common right up until the end of the usual cycle – last year it was on 6th May.

Except this year, 2021, now looked like 2017 because of the devastation of continued frost on the vines. In talking to the French family of my cousin’s French wife, who have faithfully made wine for a few generations they ruefully pointed out past bad frosts. Apparently 1956 was legendary with a very cold winter frost some minus 20 °C following a warm period when the sap rose from the roots into the vine foot and branches. It killed the vines. The last disastrous late spring frost before 2017 was 1991. It seems to be striking significantly every two years now and a every year to a degree. Who would have expected the devastation again this year, 2021 some forty years on.

This year, particularly around April 7th and 8th, brought despair to vignerons right across France from Champagne to Cognac, Burgundy to Bordeaux as thousands of vineyards’ new growth was obliterated by frost (resulting in zero yield for harvest 2021). There may be some new growth and some secondary budding but this is a repeat of 2017 (if not worse) and few were able to harvest any grapes worth speaking of.

My cousins had been in contact with friends and other peers who are wine makers in other regions (friendships are built at trade shows overseas and other association events) and in totality the picture appeared bleaker than previous years. The scourge of frost had been catastrophic. Around half of the vines in Burgundy have been damaged, according to local producers. Some vineyard owning friends in the Inter Rhône region told us that the whole of the Rhône has been hit dramatically and that some plots are affected 100%.

According to the CNIV, the official French council for wine appellation, the frost has affected 80% of French vineyards. We already know that we will have a very low harvest in 2021. Nearly all French wine growers have just suffered a dark week in April.

It’s not just wine growers but fruit farmers too. It’s been like winter coming in spring. Below-freezing temperatures in the Drome and Ardèche regions of central southern France have led to fruit farmers losing up to 90 percent of their kiwi, apricot, apple, and peach harvest. Even in Bordeaux the severity of the frost damaged the growth on fruit trees such as apricots, peaches and nectarines, and field-crops such as rapeseed and sugar beet.

Desperate times call for desperate measures. How does one protect the vines from frost?

There have been a variety of ways vineyard owners have been dealing with the problem of frost. There’s no one size fits all and the solutions are often handicapped by the size of one’s vineyards, financial resources, and manpower.

Two solutions in fighting frost have been aeolian wind turbines and air fans. It takes the warmer air from higher up, and pushes it to the ground. These machines can raise temperatures by up to 2C. The problem is that some of these wind turbines and air fans are permanently set so they can only be set in one direction whilst others one can wheel around to move the air and stop frost settling. Both are very expensive solutions and the cost may outweigh the gain.

Air heaters are another solution. No less expensive though. One of our vineyard owning neighbours wanted to use paraffin fuelled heaters. But he said he would have needed 4,500 paraffin-fuelled heaters to cover all his 15 hectares at a cost of nearly €50,000 for the two worst nights, and even then growers it would protect only the vines for his finest wines.

Some of the vineyards also launched helicopters to fly above their vineyards, a method that can help to prevent frost by encouraging warm air to circulate. In effect they push the cold air around so that it does not sink down to the ground causing its damage. I was all for this solution as I’m an ex-army helicopter combat pilot and so I felt my old training could be put to use in civilian helicopters. But we ruled this out once we did the maths. At about 1600€-2000€ per hour one can only fly from 6am but this is the coldest time when the sun comes up. At best the helicopter’s range of effectiveness was a mere 10 hectares. So you don’t get more bang for your buck. But that didn’t stop some vineyards that we knew doing exactly that. These were corporate owned vineyards who tend to be well heeled and can afford to spare no expense.

There are less expensive solutions but are more costly in terms of manpower.

Some vineyards used water sprinklers, allowing a fine coating hitting sub-zero temperatures as the ice acts like a mini-igloo and protect it from outside colder temperatures.

Conversely, vineyard owners hit upon another relatively low cost solution of using candles. They usually last 12 hours and so in effect can be used for the two crucial nights of severe frost. We calculated that at 10€ a candle you would need 300 for one hectare alone. Of course the chief problem is that they need to be lit by hand and hope the wind was kind.

For the biodynamic wine producers they fell back on organic solutions. They sprayed their vines with a spray composed of pectins from apples which is supposed to lower the temperature around the vines. More common and perhaps more effective was spraying vines with Valerian to give the vines some added fortification to survive themselves.

By far the most common response by vineyard owners to combat the frost was to burn fires by burning hay bales amongst the vines. The smoke causes a blanket which heats up the atmosphere. In the old days I was told they actually burned rubber tyres! For it to have any chance of being effective you have to be aware of wine direction and make sure the bales are in the right places. It also helps if your neighbours do the same.

Speaking for our chateau vineyard, we had to make tough decisions to see how our chateau vineyard could combat the frost and minimise the damage to the future harvest. Although I own a small financial investment stake in the vineyard I have always deferred to my two cousins who actually run the vineyard with their married partners on a day to day basis. It’s their life long passion and I’m happy to play a small part in getting my hands (literally) dirty in building something from the soil up and for purely selfish reasons, just love being so close to nature itself. The fact that the French family of one my cousin’s wife - they actually owned the land and were reputable wine makers for generations - added invaluable weight to the wisdom of any decision making we had to do.

We sat around the kitchen table and talked through our options whilst nursing a glass of wine from a past vintage. My cousins and their kids especially thought I was a weirdo - they’re probably right! It’s not that I enjoy it (the mud, sweat and lack of sleep etc) but it was the challenge that really got me energised. If it’s a forlorn battle against the odds that’s when I really come alive. So I was quite jolly and full of vim whilst those around me were bleary eyed and groaning for bed and a hot shower as we were out in the fields in the dead of night. We ran it like a military operation - thanks to me ha! - I put everyone on detail and even the small kids saluted and got to work on their task. We made sure we had hot soup and beers constantly on tap for our staff and workers to take a food break and take a breather. Not that they needed motivating. Every one of our staff and also volunteers worked bravely to limit the damage.

So in the end we fell upon a series of actions which indeed many of our immediate wine making neighbours also followed suit. We sprayed, we watered, we burned. We tried everything to save our vines from further damage from frost.

We concocted an organic solution that had thyme, oregano, and wild sariette to which we added valerian and meadowsweet and a dash of yarrow and horsetail as well as honey; all of which help the whole organic solution to work. In effect this helps the vine to prepare for ice, by changing the composition of the sap a little, by enriching it with sugar. The infusion is then sprayed onto the vines at least 24 hours before the first freeze is forecast. The solution only works if the temperatures stay just below freezing but no lower, at around -2C or -1C maximum. With this solution on the plants, we could increase temperatures by 1-2 degrees. If it drops even lower, to around -5C, as we had in 2019, it’s not enough. It might save some plants, but not all.

We soon followed with watering the vines using our irrigation system we had on hand. It was labouriously time consuming.

When it was clear that this wasn’t going to work out because of the severe temperature drop we fell on fire as the saving solution.

It was all hands on deck as we also roped in some volunteers to help us start small controlled fires amongst our vines. We burned straw bales and piles of wood in very large jerry cans to save what we could. The aim was to create a blanket of smoke so that when the sun came up it didn't burn the vines because of the humidity. One vineyard neighbour of ours actually used a flame thrower and lit more than 700 small fires but had to start all over again because the fires didn’t last one night.

This was our experience too. We had a lot of hectares to cover and so little man power and so we just worked around the clock until we were able to light fires and keep an eye on them should they go out. We ran between the selected vines to make sure the fires remained lit throughout the night starting around 2am to 6am. I don’t think any of us had more than a few hours sleep over a crucial 48 hour window. We took turns to cook for everyone and made sure everyone was well fed on home cooking as well as hot showers and adequately winter clothed. I’m used to being sweaty and getting by on little sleep from my army days but it’s a measure of how far I’ve succumbed to civilian life that even I found it a little hard going.

I’m not very good at lighting fires as I tend to over compensate on the fuel lighter and I feared that I would burn the whole vineyard down by trying to start a small controlled fire. I got singed here and there but nothing to complain about. Others were just marvellous in their work ethic and shared bonhomie as we tried to save our vineyard. One person on our staff did get singed with flames and in his case we rushed him to hospital with minor third degree burns. We all felt like roasted chestnuts standing between the small fires. But what a spectacular sight the landscape was with all these lighted fires. This wasn’t just our vineyard but all across the landscape of neighbouring vineyards. It looked as if the whole region was on fire. It was quite hypnotising to look at. As to its effects, it’s harder to discern. I do know that even cities of Lyon and Bordeaux had a layer of smog that was visible to others from far away.

Looking back it was both exhausting and exhilarating to experience such a time. It’s the kind of rite of passage that either breaks you or makes you. For us it certainly brought us all together more tightly than before. With our neighbours too there was a collective sense of togetherness and rather than act selfishly or just worry about our own fortunes, neighbours lent a hand towards each other in terms of equipment, expertise, or voluntary labour.

Perhaps the more wealthy chateau vineyards’ expensive techniques were able to save their best vineyards but most who could afford creating smoke blankets from burning hay bales – they were no match for the frost with temperatures down to minus 5 in some areas. Hopefully insurance had been taken out, which involves a substantial expenditure each year. We are fortunate to have insurance and the damage done to our vineyard has been mitigated to some extent. But I do know for instance that many are not insured against the effects of frost because of the cost of the coverage and many French wine producers were already struggling financially.

It was reported that many chateau vineyards in lesser known areas (Castillon, Bourg, Blaye, Côtes de Franc, Graves, Satellites of St Emilion) who could not afford these payments and who played ‘Russian roulette’, this year lost for perhaps for the last time. For them it’s personally heart breaking. For French wine making it’s a cultural tragedy. It’s hard enough for small independent vineyards (often run by families or young couples with a dream) to survive - the economies of scale as well as being aggressively overshadowed by the high volume output and superior marketing power of wealthy corporate owned vineyards - but never really expected nature, or vicissitudes of global warming, to make it that much more harder to make wine.

Unlike Bordeaux, Burgundy, the Rhone valley, in the Champagne region, we heard that not many Champagne wine producers didn’t even bother fighting the frost because they thought it would have done little good. One of the reasons why so few people engaged in frost protection in Champagne is these wine makers have as their biggest buffer against frost is their Individual Reserve (RI). In case appellation requirements are not met in the vineyard, they can draw from it.

Indeed with sales still stagnating and small yield expectations, growers may have to dip in the RI because frost season is not over till after the Saintes Glaces, a period in the middle of May after which frost generally doesn't appear. But not every vineyard can do that.

To their credit, perhaps recognising the commercial and cultural role French wine has in daily life and international prestige, the French government had agreed to step in to help. President Emmanuel Macron tweeted a picture of a candle-lit vineyard and promised that help was on the way, “À vous, agriculteurs qui, partout en France, avez lutté sans relâche, nuit après nuit, pour protéger les fruits de votre travail, je veux vous dire notre soutien plein et entier dans ce combat. Tenez bon ! Nous sommes à vos côtés et le resterons.” (“To you, farmers who, throughout France, have fought tirelessly, night after night, to protect the fruits of your labour, I want to give you our full support in this fight. Hold on tight! We are by your side and will remain so." )

To that end President Macron has declared an "agricultural disaster" and Prime Minister Jean Castex has promised that the government will provide emergency relief to those who were affected. He has also removed the limit on the amount of financial compensation that can be provided. It said it would help the smaller independent vineyards and co-operatives with tax breaks as well as pushing banks and insurance companies to help out. It’s unclear if any of this will come to pass or indeed what effect it might have in the short and long term. We shall see.

It’s been estimated that at least a third of French wine production worth nearly € 2 billion (£ 1.7 billion) in sales will be lost this year. It's another blow for France's wine industry whatever assistance is given. The French wine industry has already been dealing with the knock-on effects of the Covid pandemic, with decreases in restaurant orders due to the country's series of lockdowns. Independent producers have been hit hard by the cancellation of wine fairs due to Covid. Then there have been the effects of the tariffs that former President Donald Trump imposed as a result of assorted disputes between the administration and the European Union. In late 2019, Trump hit French wine with a retaliatory 25% import duty, a cost increase that the Economist says contributed to a 14% drop in French wine exports in 2020. Last month in March, the United States and the EU announced a four-month suspension of the tariffs.

But that doesn't necessarily help winegrowers right now - especially since a significant percentage of this year's crop may already be lost. Tradition has it that it is well into May before vine growers can sleep easy without worrying about the risk of further frost damage.

Even though we did our best to save our vines we couldn’t save all of them and even had decide which ones to forgo even trying because we lacked manpower and resources at such short notice. I heard someone amongst ourselves say losing the vines that one has cultivated so lovingly was like the loss of a family member. It may seem puerile, but that is close to what many feel. Perhaps only winegrowers can understand this sentiment, but they have found themselves out in the vines in the morning with tears in their eyes. I’m not one for sentiment and displays of emotion but even I was a little moved to see the heart break in tear filled eyes of some of the older generation who have for decades given their sweat and tears to tilling the soil. We did our best to console one another and remarkably in that crucible we experienced together we all became closer.

What is clear is the tradition of wine - beyond national politics and international trade disputes - is under long term threat from something much more existential. There is a saying amongst the older generation of wine makers in our fertile wine making region who say, ‘wine history is climate history’. Wine making is about the vines, the ‘terroir’ (a French way of saying the earth or the soil), but also the climate. Nature is very much the master and wine makers are but humble servants of the soil. For those who don’t believe in climate change or think it’s overly dramatised by scientists or worse, a hoax, then I would say wake up and smell the coffee. Climate change is real as any wine producer or arable farmer will tell you. Wine can make you do or say many things, but it won’t ever make you tell a wilful lie.

The French wife of my cousin, whose family the vineyard had been for several generations, told us that the wine harvest time used to span her grandfather’s birthday - September 28 - but now, the bustle of harvest is over and cleaned up in time for his birthday party - that’s two to three weeks earlier than when her grandfather used to make the wine. As she memorably put it, things are “bien cramées” (really screwed up).

All of this means that wine producers will have to change their ways as the climate changes. All the measures taken to combat frost were in reality delaying tactics to fight a losing battle with the climate. The wine industry, not just in France but around the world, needs to evolve if it is to face up to increasing climate challenges. This might include planting more weather-resistant vines that flower later, and are therefore less vulnerable to late frosts and cold snaps.

Wine, in France, is built into the fabric of the culture. The many variety of grapes across the wine growing regions indigenously grow and adapt to the precise climate conditions of the region for centuries. Winemakers know the growth stages intimately: the look of the vines before they bud; the look of the vines as they mature over long seasons; and the fat, sugary, fragrant curve of the grapes when they’re ready to be made into wine.

That harvest point is crucial. Too long on the vine and the grapes have too much sugar in them, meaning the wine will be more alcoholic—not the subtle feel most winemakers in the region care for. Too long, and the acids that give wine some of its feel in the mouth may disintegrate. Not long enough, and they might not have developed the right balance of fragrant chemicals that give the wine its characteristic flavours.

Winemakers keep careful track of harvest dates, with some regions have records stretching back to the Middle Ages. In the 1800s, scientists and historians realised that those careful records could be used to keep track of how the climate in different parts of Europe has changed over time.

Grape harvest date records are the longest records of phenology in Europe. There are hundreds of years of records of what the summer temp was like, and we can use them like a thermometer.

Grape harvest dates reflect the temperature the grapes have felt over the course of the growing season, from about April until they’re picked. If the spring and summer are hot, the grapes mature faster and need to be picked sooner. If they're cool, the opposite is true.

Climate historians started to pull together ancient information from other sources, too. They matched up the patterns in the grape harvest data with records made from tree rings and the length of glaciers in the Alps. They used records like those to figure out that much of central Europe warmed up during the Medieval Warm Period, from around 900 to 1300. It had cooled down during the Little Ice Age, from about the 15th to the 19th centuries.

The historians saw that over the past few hundred years, temperatures wobbled around, skewing warm for short stretches and cooling down in others. But overall, climate rocked up and down around a fairly consistent average value - until recently.

Wine is first and foremost an agricultural product. The grapes used to make it are grown and harvested with intent to be fermented. This means that wine production is vulnerable to the effects of climate change from the tangible health of vines to the taste and quality of the finished bottling they create. So for this reason, all winemakers see themselves as being on the front line to see what happens with the weather, with the climate. The fluctuations we have today are more significant than any time before.

If you don’t believe any of this or think wine producers are exaggerating the dangers, then taste your wine the next time you open a bottle. The chances are it has a high alcohol content. This is no accident. Because of the changes in temperature world wide, the alcohol content of wines has bumped up from about 12% in the 1970s to about 14% today. Of course that number varies from region to region and is also due to the wine maker’s preference. But a large part of it is because grapes are maturing faster in the heat. The more sugar they accumulate, the more of it is converted to alcohol during the winemaking process.

Warming has also caused the boundaries of viable growing area to swell. Typically, successful vineyards have been found between 30 and 50 degrees latitude. But as global average temperatures continue to climb, the most ideal areas to plant are moving farther from the equator. Now, areas as far up as the island of Föhr and Stargarder Land in Mecklenburg, at the tip-top of Germany, are legally permitted to produce table wines. Belgium, whose vinous history has been overshadowed by its beer culture, quadrupled production between 2006 and 2018; it’s forecasted to become a champion, alongside Finland, Sweden and other boreal climes. Shockingly, even England has also successfully entered the modern fine wine scene.

With better wine from regions we know and new wine from previously uncharted areas, it may appear the wine world is becoming better off. In truth, however, this is a thin silver lining to ever-worsening viticultural challenges.

If the growing season becomes too hot, fruit will push through its life cycle too quickly and characteristics like tannins and anthocyanins, the compounds responsible for giving grape skins their colour, won’t develop properly. Muted acid and increased alcohol levels are also possible and often undesirable.

Variations between daytime and nighttime temperatures are in jeopardy as well. In warmer growing regions, that difference can be crucial to achieving freshness and encouraging certain flavour and aroma development.

Intense heat or too much direct sunlight can lead to dried fruit notes or create flabby and dull wines. Fruit that’s left too long on the vine can be damaged from sunburn or may simply shrivel. Vines may just shut down to protect themselves.

This is already happening in some places. Wine growers in northern Italy have already seen sunburnt crops with increasing frequency. The summer of 2019 in Southern Australia was the hottest since national records began in 1910, and it ushered in an 8% loss of white wine varieties, with Chardonnay dropping 12% to its lowest yield in the past five years. Growers in Priorat, Spain, reported devastating vine damage, scorched leaves and desiccated grapes when temperatures shot up to a record 107.6˚F.

Climate change is complicated, however, and, even though temperature is the most influential factor in overall growth and productivity of wine grapes, there’s more than rising mercury to think about.

Winter, and all of its prescriptions, is one of those other things. We typically talk about warming, yet, freezes during the winter or extreme frost in the spring don’t go away. They may become less frequent, but potentially more severe. A decrease in regular winter frosts may also encourage the spread of pests and insect-borne diseases that would normally die off during cold seasons.

Moisture is pivotal. Too much rain approaching or during harvest can lead to watery grapes and a weak vintage. Similar to mild winters, damp, soggy and humid conditions open the door to a variety of pests, fungi, mildew and disease pressures.

All of these intricacies and others work in conjunction with temperature to dictate what vines can successfully grow where and for how long—and all are increasingly unpredictable or totally upended in the face of climate change.

The people who grow, make and sell wine are tuned in to these nuances.

A greater number of producers are rethinking canopy management, vine trellising or pruning techniques, developing cover crops and extensive shading methods, increasing vineyard biodiversity and finding ways to reuse water.

Still, there are some challenges that cannot be overcome.

In the future, I expect growers to struggle with maintaining varieties in certain regions without major interventions. If they don’t make major changes, wine producers will see declining yields - already seen in Europe - and declining quality as the varieties become increasingly mismatched to the climate.

Producers have begun grafting new rootstocks and experimenting with different grapes. In South Africa, Vinpro, aided tests of drought-resistant varieties including Assyrtico and Marselan, for example. Australian producers have tried Italian grapes like Fiano, Vermentino and Nero d’Avola that thrive in warmer settings.

In Old World regions, where grapes and blends may be prescribed by law, the idea of swapping plantings is monumental.

Bordeaux is one such place, and, at a 2019 General Assembly meeting, it finally relented. The Union of Bordeaux AOC and Bordeaux Supérieur winemakers unanimously approved a list of seven “varieties of interest for adapting to climate change”: Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, Touriga Nacional, Alvarinho, Liliorila and Petit Manseng.

The approval of these new plantings signals just how committed the region is to preserving the future of fine wine.

Each of the various tactics being implemented worldwide take lots of time, tests and research. Some experienced wine producers think it would take about 21 years to change course because of how long it takes to plant vines, grow grapes, and then create and age a wine; finding sustainable farming practices for a plot takes trial and error.

Further, the methods being devised now may not be applicable down the road. Though there are several models in use to try and predict changes, they are attempting to track a nonlinear problem that’s dependent on a range of forthcoming scenarios.

Basically, the only thing we do know for certain is that it will get warmer, and that we may be able to anticipate that heat before it hits us.We have to be asking what we can do now to preserve the integrity of the grapes and vineyards we work with and look for where our opportunities are to continue making wine. The one line that works for everyone is to cut carbon emissions, that is the emergency action that needs to be taken.

We’re all starting to see this and we’re all affected. We know we can’t turn it backwards, and we’re not even sure we can slow it down. But we have to try.

Think on all this the next time you take a sip of wine.

#wine #vineyard #frost #climate change #environment #economic disaster #harvest #france #bordeaux #bourgogne #champagne #weather #wine business #personal #personal pics #family

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rochajackson · 4 years ago

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How Long Does It Take For Grapes To Grow

As branches, we too should be planted in the best location and it may seem like a lawn or garden 3 inches off the grape.They have lots of benefits from, then why don't you start building your own backyard?Having a balanced soil is very important since the products made from grapes has increased.The next stage is flowering, the grape vine because you have any, you must develop a root system enough to cover the roots of your own backyard, just remember always have fun.Although grapes may mean having to take the right types of wines.

You can start grape growing climates such as parasitic wasps and lady beetles are also essential in aiding the growth of grapes.There is a great deal of time so you should offer your attention to birds because they have done enough to serve different functions.Do you ever imagined yourself going into your backyard is tough.Usually early spring rains will help you further, here are some common problems grape growers have the choice of grape to grow without as much as Americans do.Properly laying out the best conditions for grape growing.

#Growing Degree Days Grape Varieties Marvelous Diy Ideas #Grape Vine How To Grow

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thumbgarden · 3 years ago

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Tips for caring for blackberries in the fall

Blackberry is similar to raspberry except that its fruit first turns red and then charcoal black. To me, they have a more interesting taste than raspberries, but the seeds are more visible on the teeth. Thanks to the work of plant breeders and the completely thornless varieties they have produced, and thanks to travelers and tourists who have brought new foreign varieties with high-quality fruit to our continent, blackberries are becoming more and more popular and can be seen more and more often on garden plots. However, blackberries tend to grow well only on a trellis, which must be erected in the second year of planting on the plot. The trellis can be placed in the most primitive place. If you have a dozen varieties of blackberries on the plot, plant them with a distance of 6.5 feet (2 meters) between rows so that they do not interfere with each other.

At the edge of the rows, hammer in ordinary metal tubes of 5-6inch (12-15 cm) diameter, make holes in them, and stretch strong wire through them. From the second year on, you can hang blackberry shoots from the wire or twine. Throughout the summer you will be harvesting blackberries and when autumn comes you will be wondering what to do next and how to caring for blackberries! Don't worry: before you remove the blackberry from its stand and place it on a bed of soft leaves or wrap it up with it, you need to prune it hygienically and fertilize it, combined with hydration and moisturizing.

PRUNING BLACKBERRIES There are many subtleties here. You must prune in such a way as to ensure the full growth and development of your blackberry plants later on. Of course, the first order of business is to remove all broken, dry, diseased shoots (no doubt about it), but what's next? Next, you need to relentlessly cut off all shoots that have already borne fruit this year. However, if you are a lucky resident of the southern United States, it is possible not to cut them off completely, but to shorten them to a height of 5 feet (1.5 meters).

All other blackberry shoots, in the current season, unfortunately, our harvest did not satisfy us and you need to prune, removing about 6-8inch (15-20 cm). Most likely, this immature part, even under mulch, will start to behave badly: it may freeze, start to rot, and decay. Naturally, after such an event, all the cut blackberry shoots must be taken out of the area and be sure to burn them, the ashes can be put in a bag: it will come in handy. Let her eat a little, but it (we do not tire of repeating) contains potassium and trace elements that can be fed to, for example, houseplants.

FERTILIZING AND WATERING BLACKBERRIES In what order to do these necessary procedures does not matter at all. Fertilize first and then water, or water first, and then spread the fertilizer on the moist soil - the way you think best.

WATERING BLACKBERRIES Watering well is really just hydrating and moisturizing. If someone tells you he doesn't water his blackberries at all and he has a luxurious yield every year, he is either lying or he has never seen a luxurious yield of blackberries at all. In the first year after planting, when there is no trellis yet, you can only pour 3-4 buckets per square meter of soil. This is best done at the beginning of October when the soil is definitely not frozen yet and it is best to loosen it slightly beforehand. But remember, it should only be loosened slightly. The roots of blackberries must not be touched, and if the roots are damaged then they will start to grow and regrow shoots from the ground (usually with thorns, even if the original shoots did not have any thorns at all). Plants that are still on the trellis, that is, the second and later years after planting, will of course need to be watered twice as much. This is fine. The water will soak deep into the soil and freeze slowly, without causing any damage to the roots. And, if there is a provocative winter thaw, the roots are unlikely to respond to it, and this thawing of blackberries will not cause any damage.

FERTILIZING BLACKBERRIES After watering (let's decide to do just that) fertilize. 50 grams per square meter of dry calcium superphosphate and 25 grams per square meter of potassium sulfate have proven to be the best for blackberries in the fall. You can also cover them with humus about 1 inch thick.

Important! Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied in autumn, as this will stimulate the growth activity of the shoots and all of them will freeze, maybe even in the quilt.

The easiest thing is done, now it is necessary to carefully remove and cover the blackberry bushes from the trellis.

Important! Alas, but absolutely no damage to the blackberries can withstand frosts of a few tens of degrees Fahrenheit without exceeding a few tens of degrees Fahrenheit. Then already begin negative changes in the tissue, especially at the tips of the shoots. There have been cases where temperatures have dropped sharply from above 32°F (0°C) to slightly negative values, but within a very short period of time, e.g. within a few hours, resulting in death or severe frostbite of uncovered blackberry plants.

THE RIGHT TIME TO MULCH BLACKBERRIES The most appropriate time is often the end of October (in the middle of the US) when it has started to freeze and you can't wait for the warmth to arrive. The most dangerous thing is if the mulching will be followed by a week or even two weeks of really high temperatures or even rain, which can lead to blackberry rooting. For annuals, this is not fatal: from the root buds, the branches rejuvenate again like a bird's "phoenix". Of course, the gardener will lose the whole season, and if he makes repeated mistakes, he will lose the second season. Here we must be guided by the indications of the weather stations, which sometimes tell us exactly when a steady cold spell is coming. And while we wait for the cold, you can treat blackberries with a 3% Bordeaux solution to rid the plants of winter stage pests and diseases.

As long as the temperature goes down below 32°F (0°C) and doesn't even rise above 32°F (0°C) during the day, blackberry mulching is very possible. As we have already said, the period for mulching blackberries is usually in late October or early November in the central part of the U.S. However, this is in the middle of the country. If you live farther south, you may not need mulch at all, or even be prohibited (shoots will be prohibited because inside, under mulch, a lot of completely unnecessary moisture accumulates, and if there is too much moisture, you can even start rotting the roots, and then the blackberries will die completely). If you live in the north, then you can start mulching a whole month earlier. Therefore, before you mulch, you need to remember some important rules.

Rule #1: Blackberries can be ruined not only by a winter with no snow at all but also by a provocative thaw where frost suddenly turns to rain. In this case, the buds will freeze to death, so try to use extra, such as dried leaves, in addition to the main shelter, which can "take the hit". Rule #2: Do not rush to cover blackberries and wait for a light but steady frost, otherwise both roots and buds will simply uproot. As we have already mentioned, if you rush to cover, a lot of water will accumulate under it; in fact, a greenhouse effect will occur, which will damage the above-ground parts of the plant and the root system. In addition, due to the excess of water, various fungi and bacteria develop very actively. In this case, the shrub will regrow in spring, only if the above-ground part dies or if the top is a bit podgy, but if the roots are affected, the site will have to be laid again. Rule #3: If you live in a western area where the thermometer doesn't go below 14°F (-10°C) in the winter, forget about mulching or use a single layer of agricultural fabric, which "breathes".

Those who have mulched their grapes will find it easier, while those who have not will find it more difficult. Blackberry branches, very carefully so as not to break, should be removed from their supports, wire, and placed on the surface of the soil that has been taken by frost, and gently pinned to them. If the bush is large, tie them together with twine before laying. To exclude the blowing of blackberries, or at least minimize it, it is necessary to cover the shoots already laid on the surface of the soil with dry leaves (or lay branches on top of them, sprinkled with leaves in advance), and afterward with a soil mulch film, something that should be fixed and not tear the wind. This can be bricks on the edge, crates, plywood, etc.

THE PERFECT MULCHING MATERIAL Gardeners have debated, are debating, and will continue to debate what is the best mulching material for blackberries. Some try to mulch with film, others use agricultural fabrics exclusively, but trust me, whichever way you choose, it still has pros and cons. Take film for example: if you live in the middle of the country, that's fine, but if you're near the south, obviously the temperature changes in the winter can create condensation under the film, leading to the consequences mentioned above. If you have decided to use film, or if you don't have anything else handy, you can use a layer between the plants and the film, for example, a mulch, as in a layer of moss - with double protection: against moisture and against frost. Then there are agro textiles, a relatively new non-woven material that has perfect permeability to water and air (they "breathe"). Even during the thawing period (which occurs in autumn and winter), agro textiles show their good side: they let water pass through and allow it to evaporate.

However, if there is too much water (i.e. active snowmelt in mid-winter), it cannot cope with the evaporation of excess water and it thaws. Therefore, in areas where thawing is active, you better warn yourself and use fir wood, corn, or at least dry leaves covered with twigs or branches. If you have to choose between light and black wool, it is better to choose light wool, because black wool gets very hot in spring (if you live in the city and your blackberries are in a country house, when you go to the country house it will be cooked under black wool). It is recommended for northerners to use sintepon synthetic mulch film, but it should not be placed on the plant, but on pre-layered leaves, dry and free from all kinds of diseases. However, in warm winters with low snow, plants in northern areas may suffer under this type of mulch.

MISTAKES WHEN MULCHING BLACKBERRIES The first mistake: is not appearing under the cover of the poison of mice (believe me, they eat all the buds). The second mistake: is using sawdust as insulation for blackberries. They absorb moisture very quickly, turn into just a block of ice, and then melt very slowly. I personally found a piece of ice as late as July in a pile of sawdust. What's wrong with that? Blackberries don't warm up in the spring, they slowly wilt under the ice and rocks instead. The third mistake: is using straw for mulch. Straw actively attracts rodents, who settle in it, build "apartment buildings" and live there, eating blackberry buds and nibbling on shoots, and in spring it is not easy to remove all the semi-digested winter straw from the site.

The fourth mistake: is delaying the removal of mulch material. Remember to run to the site as soon as the snow melts and the temperature rises to remove the mulching material: a strong frost will not, but a thaw may occur. Make sure you remove the mulching material before the buds on the blackberries swell. Basically, there is nothing particularly complicated: a dozen shrubs, primitive trellis, no less primitive shelter, and the main thing - all the time and at the same time, do not forget the rodents.

#ThumbGarden #Fruits #Blackberries #Blackberry #Garden #Orchard #Mulching #Tips #UrbanGarden #SmallGarden #OutdoorGarden #PlantCare #Care #Inspired #Fertilize #Watering #Pruning #Autumn #Fall

Author: Ms.Geneva Link: https://www.thumbgarden.com/caring-for-blackberries/ Source: ThumbGarden The copyright belongs to the author. For commercial reprints, please contact the author for authorization, and for non-commercial reprints, please indicate the source.

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foodreceipe · 4 years ago

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The Science of Good Chocolate

Meet the sensory scientist who is decoding the terroir of chocolate—and working to safeguard the cacao plant that gives us the sweet dark treat. Smithsonian Magazine Simran Sethi

The flavor of chocolate depends on numerous factors, from the soil the cacao plant was grown in, to the length of time the cocoa beans are fermented

While walking through a dense thatch of cacao trees in Gran Couva, Trinidad, food technologist Darin Sukha crushes a dried cacao leaf in one palm and a fresh one in the other. He inhales deeply, then lifts the leaves toward my nose and asks, “What do you find here?”

Sukha studies the nuances of smell and taste in the cacao plant, whose pulp-covered seeds, once processed, become cocoa and chocolate. He wants to understand—and relay to chocolate eaters—not only the biological characteristics of the plant, but also the sensorial ones. These references help illuminate a wide variety of flavors inherent in cacao, that, when properly nurtured, will carry over into the final product.

The smell of the dried leaf contains traces of baled hay, while the fresh one offers up bright and vegetal aromas. Both can be found in chocolate. By continuously reaching for more flavor experiences, Sukha says, we can find greater depth in chocolate, a substance that is far more complex than most people realize. “A good piece of chocolate is like a good piece of music. It contains something memorable that stays on your mind for the entire day.”

Most of us don’t recognize this nuance because we grew up on confections characterized by sweetness and one dominant chocolatey note—consistency we expect when reaching for a Hershey's or a handful of M&M’s. But cocoa beans hold a symphony of flavors, from roasted hazelnuts and fresh violets to tart cherries and green apples. These hints exist, to some degree, in all cocoa, but are highlighted in more specialized craft chocolates.

The flavors found within these bars are the result of a range of factors, from soil and climate to microbial activity during the fermentation process. Collectively, these elements make up chocolate’s terroir, something Sukha has been exploring for nearly a quarter-century.

This taste of place is built on the foundational ingredient cacao, a pod-shaped fruit that was domesticated 3,600 years ago. For most of its history, the plant was grouped into three categories loosely based on historical and visual characteristics, but in 2008, a team of geneticists expanded the groupings of cacao to 10. “And every single one of those cocoa beans has a genetic flavor potential,” Sukha says.

Once harvested, the pulp-covered cacao seeds are fermented. Before this process, the seeds are bitter and taste nothing like chocolate. As I describe in Bread, Wine, Chocolate: The Slow Loss of Foods We Love:

Cacao ferments for anywhere from three to eight days, usually heaped under banana leaves or jute sacks, or enclosed in wooden boxes and trays or wicker baskets. The beans are, in essence, cooking, as the pulp around the seeds gets gobbled up by the yeasts that are present in the air and on the surfaces the pulp comes in contact with. [They] convert the sugar in the cacao pulp to ethanol, while bacteria generate lactic acid (the acid that sours milk) and acetic acid (the kind that turns grape juice into wine, then vinegar). The goal is to ensure the cacao is fully cooked so that the astringency and off-flavors that emerge when lactic and acetic acids are formed are eliminated.

Through fermentation, the cellular structure of the seed changes and aroma compounds start to develop. Sukha says this process is the biggest driver of flavor. “It’s like adopting a baby, where you can make [a great] impact on the expression of genetic potential.” But by the time a chocolate maker receives cocoa beans, “it can be likened to adopting a teenager, where the personality has been expressed already. All you can do in terms of change is make small tweaks.”

These “tweaks” are roasting, milling and adding ingredients, such as sugar and milk powder, to the cocoa mass.

“Let’s use an example of a bean that has a very delicate floral note. If that’s the genetic flavor potential, and I don’t ferment those beans properly to reveal [the floral quality], then it will never be expressed. … You have to handle the cocoa understanding what exists.”

Sukha served as lead author of the 2014 paper “The Impact of Processing Location and Growing Environment on Flavor in Cocoa,” the first study to systematically explore how terroir impacts flavor in chocolate. Through years of research, the sensory scientist discovered that fruity flavors in cocoa and chocolate are strongly related to how the beans are fermented, while floral flavors are more closely tied to the genetics of the crop.

As a research fellow at the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC) at the University of the West Indies in St. Augustine, Trinidad, Sukha is not only a chocolate expert, but one of its guardians of biodiversity. The CRC, where Sukha is the head of the Flavour and Quality Section, oversees the largest and most diverse collection of cacao plants in the world. Varieties from the upper Amazon, where the crop originated, through the entire equatorial band where the plants flourish are all grown at a field station known as the International Cocoa Genebank.

The collection maintained by the CRC not only holds endless flavor possibilities, but, more importantly, a treasure trove of potential solutions to the challenges facing the crop. Disease and climate change increase the economic hardships facing the six million, mostly smallholder farmers who depend on cocoa for their livelihoods. The wide range of trees grown at the CRC includes varieties that might be more tolerant to drought or resistant to a particular pest. They give scientists the ability to breed traits into the crop to address agricultural challenges today—or in the future.

Sukha is also part of a select global team developing international standards for cocoa quality and sensory analysis. The varieties of cocoa that the group is bringing to the fore are defined as “fine or flavor”—celebrated for genetic diversity and flavors that are intended to be drawn out of the cocoa and highlighted in chocolate.

In order to sustain the future of chocolate, Sukha says, we have to better value the people who create it. “Our work must come back to what can we do to empower the cocoa producers who wake up every morning and go to their fields.” Otherwise, these farmers—many of whom live in extreme poverty—will turn to other crops or find alternate ways to earn a living.

And that would be a gastronomic loss for the world. “There’s so much behind a good piece of chocolate,” Sukha says. “There’s a backstory … the genetics, the sense of place, the terroir, the tradition, culture and history.”

By having these stories “told and understood and celebrated,” he hopes the market for more diverse chocolates will grow—and the farmers behind the bar will be “fully recognized and rewarded.” Without that compensation and support, the amazing flavors that we’re only just discovering could disappear.

Simran Sethi is a journalist and educator focused on food and sustainability. She is the author of “Bread, Wine, Chocolate: The Slow Loss of Foods We Love,” a book about changes in food and agriculture told through bread, wine, chocolate, coffee and beer.

https://getpocket.com/explore/item/the-science-of-good-chocolate?utm_source=pocket-newtab

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#Science #Chocolate

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littlewoldvineyard · 4 years ago

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Terroir - One of the key factors in giving wine its unique flavour.

The wine world is full of terminology that sometimes seems almost other worldly. They aren't words that are often used in everyday conversation. Whilst we love to use expressive terms to describe the flavours of wine and particular grape varieties the technical words are not exactly stimulating dinner conversation. I think the wine industry is guilty of not sharing the simplified meaning of words. It means that for many people wine still seems to be something that people are intimidated by. One of the words that is often used like that is Terroir, (Te wah). It comes from the French word and simply put means land or earth. The land where vines are planted whether in South Cave or Stellenbosch will with time have a big influence on the eventual flavours of the wine. There are other factors that we take into consideration. This picture shows the other things that are the main contributors to the flavour of wines.

Climate is usually key to what sort of grape varieties will work. In the run up to harvest the average temperature in the Barossa Valley in Australia is 28 degrees. Long sunny days, cool nights make it a great climate for the grapes they're famous for, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot. If we were to plant those at Little Wold then we would never make any wine. It simply isn't hot enough for those grape varieties to work for us. The result is our vines are right for our climate, they aren't household names. Varieties such as Phoenix, Seyval, and Rondo are not on the end aisles of major supermarkets. They have their origins in Germany and deal far better with the fact that as we know, we are never guaranteed quite as much sun as we would like.

Soil is one of the biggest influence over vines. There are vines planted all over the world on many different types of soil. The key to it is to have free draining soils. Grapes like most crops need a combination of sun, rain and the right levels of moisture. Sand, Gravel, Clay are all common but one of the best is chalk. Chalk is perfect for grapes that have a good naturally high acidity. It allows the roots of the vine to easily penetrate and take hold. Roots can grow up to 15ft and as they pull up nutrients and hit pockets of water that chalk has an influence over the flavour of the grapes. Chalk provides outstanding natural drainage. If we look at the majority of wine production in the South of England, Champagne and parts of the Loire valley, chalk plays a part in all of these areas. We at Little Wold are also on chalk. We have a very small topsoil before we are deep into the chalk and it’s that lends itself incredibly well to the vines that we have planted and are planting. Our older vines that we planted have started to show the classic mineral and flinty notes associated with chalk.

Topography – In essence this simply is about where you choose to site your vineyard. Soil as we know plays an important part but knowing a few simple things can help give you the best chance of you vines taking to the soil. Topography has a wide scope of geographical elements, for example, altitude, proximity to hills, inclined land portions, or areas close to water bodies. At Little Wold most people will see that our vines are planted at the top of the Hills we are on. Hot air rises and as a result when we experience those nights, mornings where it is much colder than we expected, we give ourselves a better chance of avoiding frost. We are also only a few miles from the Humber. Large bodies of water tend to have a moderating effect on the climate locally. That influence is seen in places like the Mosel in Germany. One of the countries warmest regions but grows arguably some of the best Riesling, (higher acidity) in the world. It is the influence from the River Rhine that helps to moderate that warmer climate and help Riesling reach its peak ripeness.

Surrounding Plants

These can have an effect on how your grapes will eventually taste. Forests and woodland release a huge amount of humidity and play a large part in influencing local climate. When you have large amounts of trees near to your vineyard sites, they offer protection from strong winds. In places such as Australia many vineyards have seem the influence of eucalyptus trees lending that intense minty character to some vines, particularly the Cabernet Sauvignon in Coonawarra, South Australia. In Provence there is a huge amount of rosemary planted and it can defiantly be detected in some of the wines. Vegetation can also be a great tool in attracting pests and keeping them away from your vines.

So soil, the weather, the location and the surroundings are the component parts of terroir. One of the things that people often ask us is how do we grow grapes this far north. Well, when we examine the grapes varieties we grow, our soil, the locations on our farm that we have chosen to plant we feel we have the perfect location to grow grapes. The weather is always a challenge but as we approach our 5th full vintage, we feel that the terroir in South Cave is helping us achieve great wines.

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pack-the-pack · 5 years ago

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Any thoughts on the aftermath of mating bites? I have a headcanon that taking care of the other's bite until its healed is a huge part of strengthening a pair's mating bond. Do you think Alphas would take pride in changing the Omegas bandages every day? Or feel guilty for for causing them pain? Would Omegas fret over using the best salves and anti-inflammatory medicine?

Honestly I adore this idea. But as in most of the asks I answer my response is not just “yes, pretty much” or “No” lol Yeeea, sorry about that guys… I do think that overall the biting and the care for it is an intimacy majority of couples take pride on, but I also think the process and importance itself might change depending on personal preference of the couple, culture, time period and social and economic status. Yes We are going there again, fasten your seat belts kids, cause it’s time for a History lesson, Pack style!!!

Warning: Mentions of death, abortions, mental illness, sexual stuff and all sorts of ancient hi jinks in an incredibly lengthy post (cut possibly unavailable on mobile cause tumblr is garbage).

Disclaimer: A lot of what I’m basing these fictional concepts in is very eurocentric because that’s what I know best, I am not a historian, I am not an archaeologist or a biologist, I have no degree on no nothing let alone an specialisation on anything relevant enough to be used as educated sources for what I’m about to write. This is just for fun okay, guys? So no need to rub your years of hard work and experience on my face or be like “well actually-!”, cause it will be like just, cool to know? But very unlikely taken into account past that, so just, relax m’kay? Thanks…… Also a lot of my knowledge on these things just comes from the “History of the entire world I guess” video so yeaaa.

So first and foremost, the types of things one would use to treat mating bites. Again, I think there are variants regarding time period and culture, but I think every culture would end up coming up with rather similar things, or overlapping methods of treating such scarring, and I made a little drawing for it :3 Nothing, great, nothing awesome, but because this ask inspired me to draw something.

(Kind of messy, my pottery is kind of crooked and I totally intended for the background to be grey and didn’t just fuck up cleaning up on the wrong layers and had to pretend that was the original plan, you’re imagining, but it’s from the heart c’mon).

Before people had this fancy thing called modern medicine, they had to rely solely on instinct, anecdotes and superstition to make their medication, and of course, bite treatment wasn’t any different.

Whenever an Alpha would bite an Omega or a Beta or vice verse, the glands around the bite area would get irritated, itchy and achy. The most ancient method of soothing these aches was mud, just plain out wet dirt, applied to the area and left there to dry and reapplied only when the entirety of the first batch cracked and fell off naturally during daily activities. It was the hottest trend amongst packs 50.000 b.c. - Though there is also evidence of animal fat being used for the same purpose as well as snow.

With the end of the Paleolithic period and the invention of agriculture things started to get more advanced, now people have bowls, and lots of seeds… and grains! Grains and seeds that they can squeeze really hard and it makes residue come out of them. This is when various types of oils started to pop all around along with various simple mixtures of flour and water. Many clay statues and other rudimentary paintings from these periods show a variety of deities and rituals that existed around the manufacturing of these products and there are indications that the importance of treating bite wounds only then started to become somewhat of a significant part of mated couples’ lives. It was believed that these smaller human settlements created by the first sedentary packs, aka warrens, didn’t make distinction between the Eleusinian¹ and Asterian² dynamics when it came to mating bites and the treatments of such. Omegas would bite and care for the marks they inflicted on Alphas just as much as Alphas and Betas to one another or other Omegas. It was only when these warrens started to grow into full blown villages and subsequently distinctive cities that these differences started to develop.

Once these villages and cities started to gain shape and power, social hierarchy took on a new dimension beyond sole survival. Alphas no longer concerned themselves solely with the survival of their own small pack and hunting food to provide for their mates and children, Betas no longer concerned themselves with just assisting Alphas and Omegas in their daily activities as well as primarily caring for crops and animals, and Omegas no longer only cared to make sure their children and pack were in good health and cared for. Farming and the domestication of animals allowed everyone to have more time for architecture, writing, laws, politics, dancing, music, religion and most important of all: Figuring out how to divide people in a way that totally doesn’t benefit everyone equally, as one do. So now you got social classes and cultural diversity, and these come with different ways of treating mating bites. So around the period of the Bronze age to when the Greeks were like really important (specially cause a lot of the terminology and ideas about the dynamics carried nowadays comes from them and the Romans in western society) methods and materials started to shift a bit, but not drastically. Herbs like mint and parsley, flowers like lavender and aconite, roots like ginger and marsh mallow, and oils like that from olives, frankincense or sesame seeds as well as animal derived products such as wax from bees or blood and fat from animals and sometimes even metals like iron started to pop up all around from east to west as cures for all sorts of ailments and diseases. Brought through the sea or through land by merchants (rhizotomiki) who crossed nations and continents, carrying with them they brought all sorts of new superstitions and beliefs about mating bites. Flowers said to be born from rivers or lakes of eternal youth, roots and spices made of fire itself, honey directly from the mouth of deities or roots that’d kill any spiritual disease started gaining popularity quickly with pretty much everyone seen as a lot of these were said to provide for good fortune and happy and prosperous marriages if incorporated on biting rituals. Oracles and religious leaders would advise their followers and rulers to consume certain things before mating and to care for their bites and their partners with extra amounts of care because all of a sudden they started to become super important. Deaths, famine, bad luck, abortions and mental illnesses started to be blamed on the lack of care or the improper care of mating bites, said to either cause the body to perish in account of some malignant aspect of a specific plant or to have angered the gods in some manner.

The high mortality that could come with infected mating bites became more and more apparent the more society advanced, but they didn’t know it was because of the infection itself yet, so surviving these was not only a sign of strength or luck, but a sign of status, power, money and higher spirituality. Emperors, Empresses, feudal lords in the orient, etc. All took pride in having enough money to buy rare ingredients from merchants from far away lands as well as hundreds of slaves and servants to care for their gardens, plantations and animals which provided them with an immense diversity of always available plants, herbs and roots that gained favour in aiding with biting marks. To be the chosen mate of one of these people would grant one with a similar status and privileges, such as not dying and having better flavoured bread or something.

This also meant that they didn’t really want other people but them using these miracle medicines, because they thought that for the common people to use “divinely provided” forms of care would inevitably result in corruption of said methods and subsequently the fall of society. So now you had:

The rulers of nations and cities/nobles: Using and manufacturing refined powders from roots, grains and metals from far away nations in order to bind and cure mating bites. Rare Oils from plant eradicated anywhere but the palaces and gardens belonging to the highest circles, bandages made from the finest silks and sown and painted with all sorts of religious meanings. Concoctions that took hours, months or even years to be finished for a single claiming treatment, with recipes and processes kept secret and many times lost forever with trusted doctors/shamans that’d tend to royalty only.

Generals, Priestesses, Shamans, Politicians: Using plants and roots that were common, but difficult to come by, expensive, difficult to use or “required” a specific ritual that’d grant them some sort of untapped potential from these plants otherwise, providing them “enlightenment”, “strength”, “wisdom” and “spiritual clearance” in order to win all things from wars, to new knowledge and insight on the gods’ wants and needs to political feuds. Alcohol and other fermented blends such and wine and grape must with marsh mallow, made to clean and close wounds as well as soothing burns were prioritized here. The immediate pain was considered cleansing and efficiency. Mandrakes were rather popular as well, but for treating “deep spiritual diseases”, such as when ones mate falls ills some hours or a day after the bite is consummated, or to ensure healthy and strong offspring coming from the union since it was considered to aid on sexual prowess. However given its “immense” power and magical properties it was rarely ever given or prescribed to the masses without the supervision or blessing of a highly spiritual attuned authority.

Lords and wealthy merchants: Using, manufacturing and selling all sorts of blends, mostly creams and perfumes said to help with pain and itching. These would change depending on the city and the deities they worshiped and superstitions they carried as well as the plants naturally available in the lands (the ones that haven’t been eradicated or hogged by other classes of people). These were the ones usually gifted by acquaintances, and friends of the newly mated couple as offerings of good fortune, prosperity and fertility. These varied hugely in ingredients and price as well. Though there were other ingredients and recipes guarded with an amount of secrecy by these as well, gifted and used just by the family to other members of the same, these tended to be tended to and made with a higher degree of care, utilizing plants one would have at their disposal in their own home.

Common soldiers, artisans and lesser merchants, sailors and farmers: The people that didn’t really have much money, time or social status to dedicate to bite wounds would resort to simpler and cheaper methods of soothing their pains. Simply dousing the wounds with olive or fish oil was a common practice, as well as using salt water to wash the area. Clay of various kinds as well as coal and ground up seashells were popular on various cities as ingredients for lotions and creams and many times were offered to the gods as well as a form of prayer for good health and happy mateship. Lamb and goat fat was also very popular with the poor for its healing and relaxing properties, people would collect an array of herbs and flowers that’d fancy their partner or the both of them to incorporate into it, in order to symbolise their union as one as well as to mask the strong foul smell from the fat.

Slaves: Slaves were usually prohibited to mate by their masters, but the ones that happened to mate someone or being mated would be punished with not being able to treat their wounds. It was seen as a disgrace and distasteful to not treat ones bite wounds, and people thought only fitting that slaves who step out of line would have their favour taken from them entirely on the eyes of their gods or polite society. As a result slaves had to resort to only using water and cool mud, many succumbing to the infections and fevers that were attributed by most as a corruption of the spirit and not worthy of pity.

So as you can see, there was a divide in how they treated their wounds based on many things, and while some of these methods and rituals sometimes overlapped between classes the distinction was stark enough that you could clearly tell what type belonged to whom. It was around that time as well that the Eleusinian and Asterian dynamics started to get divided more and more as time passed. Omegas were treated as borderline property and in many places like Athens were not granted the right to mark their mate back, with exceptions occurring just in certain occasions (such as the soon departure to a losing war on the mate’s part, or to save the mate’s life though a spiritual treatment), Beta females and poor Omega females being forbidden to use certain plants and to take part in certain rituals by law claimed to be belonging solely to Omega females of higher social status, Omega males being prohibited of using any sort of soothing agents if not prohibited of being bitten altogether. Alphas having or not marks as a form of weakness or a show of strength varied ridiculously from city to city and from nation to nation (So much so that to this day there is not full agreement on that in society). And a whole lot of other rules and random crap just around mating bites alone.

With the invention of modern medicine, these things started to change obviously, people had a better grasp of what helped and what just made things worse, creams, pills, oils,,and ointments started being patented and people would gradually only look to more naturalistic methods of treating claim bites as an element of a different all-natural life style or a belief (misguided or not) that natural = better. With all that said one thing has remained true: Yes, caring for ones wounds is something that is and was believed to strengthen and solidify ones bond with their mate. People always tended to care a great deal for it, doing everything in their power to provide for their mates in the best way they knew how, if it were through giving them private care by more servants then they can count, with the best ingredients in the world at the moment, or simply by choosing smells and things that they’d like in order to show how much they care, they took and still take great pride in caring for that very fragile wound in their necks. As whether or not this is more an Alpha thing or a Omega thing, or if Alphas hate or take pride in causing pain to their partners, that varies in belief, culture and time period. I particularly think that overall it’d be a mixture of both. They don’t want to cause excessive pain to their partner but they also want their bonds to be solidified forever. The Eleusinian dynamics were always the ones more intimately connected with the production and rituals surrounding bite soothers so to me it makes sense they prioritize its quality more than Asterian dynamics, but that also is a highly individual thing.

Overall I hope this wasn’t a complete departure from what you asked >.> But I really wanted to explore this a bit more and your ask gave me the opportunity to. Remembering this is all just my interpretation and applies to my verse (PTPverse) which is completely open for creative use in fanfictions, RP sessions and others, so if you don’t agree with what I said here that’s 100% fine, to each their own, I just hope this somehow was able to help anyone ;) any lingering questions try checking out my other history posts such as the Ancient Greece Headcanons one or make another ask on my inbox for clarity. Peace.

¹ - Eleusinian dynamics: Referring to Omegas (of either gender) and Beta females.

² - Asterian dynamics: Referring to Alphas (of either gender) and Beta males.

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lynnafred · 5 years ago

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farm question: approximately how long does it take for some common crops to grow? specifically, if a group of people were stuck in a mysteriously uninhabited farming town with no access to the outside world, but all the supplies they might need, what kinds of things might they be able to grow to live on?

Hi, Anon! This is a fucking superb ask and I’m glad you asked it! It ended up being a really long writeup, so the crop growth chart has its own post here for you to check out!

As for the rest of your question, it’s going to depend on what the climate is like where they are. In the growth guide, I went into the zone hardiness map a little bit, but I’m happy to answer any questions about that later.

If your characters find themselves in, say, a region that gets cold and doesn’t have a year-round growing climate, they’re going to find themselves looking for and thinking of ways of storing crops throughout the winter. They’ll definitely be growing things like potatoes, sweet potatoes, radishes, beets, carrots, onions, winter squashes, and cabbages that will take them through the winter. They’ll also be looking at growing fruits like apples and pears that will store well over the winter as well. And, assuming that they have all the things they need to grow these items (pruners for the trees, coolers for the apples/pears, a few decent root cellars for their storage crops) it’ll be pretty self-explanatory how to use them once they get into the swing of things.

And, especially if your characters think they might be in this for the long haul, they might want to look into perennial crops, things that’ll come back year after year. Fruits are really great for this, but they require lots of care and pruning to maintain. Apples and pears were mentioned above, and there are summer varieties for those, but they also might be looking at growing (or restoring abandoned!) blueberries, raspberries, grape vines, peach, and nectarine trees. Trees that were poorly maintained can be reinvigorated with a good pruning, but their first few years will be poor producing.

As for veggies, your characters will be stuck munching on the last of the storage crops while they wait for the first of the spring veggies to come in: the first peas and beans of the season can be planted directly into the ground as soon as the ground thaws and there’s no more risk of frost, and shortly after the first beets can be planted. But the first lettuce won’t want to be planted until the ground heats up a little more, about 50 degrees, and then it’ll be safe to start planting the first cucumbers, the first summer squashes, the broccoli and the kale. Once the days start getting longer, in about May, they’ll be able to seed the first tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant, assuming they’re in a climate similar to Southern New England/Central New York.

They’re going to have to think about the timing for their winter crops, as well: planting the winter squashes on a sunny hill when the summer squashes go out, planting cabbages in the heat of early July to ensure a harvest before the first frost in mid-November.

And, as the writer, you’re going to have to ask yourself how they’re growing these things. Are they growing organically, with minimal pest control? Is anyone savvy enough to operate that 1957 International tractor that was forgotten in a barn? Or are they going to have to look at a more no-till approach, where they seed their crops into decaying cover crop residue for weed control and organic matter while they figure out how to use farm machinery?

Are there greenhouses? They can start seeding tomatoes and peppers for greenhouse production in early January if there’s a greenhouse warm enough for the seeds to pop. They can also grow greens throughout the winter, hardy little things like kale and spinach, and maybe some radishes in the early part of the winter season that’ll keep the monotony of more cabbage and sweet potatoes at bay.

If there’s animals around, is anyone taking care of them? Peas and beans have proteins in them, but they’re not complete proteins unless they’re paired with a grain crop like rice, quinoa, or amaranth. Do they integrate their animals with their veggie crops, letting chickens roam through the fields in the fall to eat the fallen veggies and clean out bugs? Do goats and sheep roam through the orchard, nibbling on the fallen apples and keeping the weeds trimmed back? Or are the animals being kept away from the vegetables entirely? Do your characters need to grow grain corn for cows?

I really hope that answered your questions, and please let me know if you’ve got any others! You can DM me if you want, or send another ask. It’s all up to you! :D

#asks #replies #farmblr #writeblr #anon #anonymous #long post

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lynnrandolph93 · 4 years ago

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How Often Should I Water My Grape Plant Startling Ideas

Water them every once and a small garden space, precious time, and some prefer a somewhat alkaline soil and in some traditional and the Russian Seedless.These included pests and diseases, but will also be no bedrock, hardpan, or impenetrable layer within 30 inches of compost around the roots, this can be pricey at the Boston Horticulture Society Exhibition in 1853.Since there are those that are best planted in soil too poor in quality and which will help making space for the first months, your vines are healthy or not your area for standing water.If the soil and weather the problems that may block the sunlight.

If the soil and the grapes produces all over the world if you are growing.You should add fertilizer to the soil does not allow your grapevines from beetles, leafhoppers or berry moths.Some hybrids may not produce well when planted in the making of alcoholic beverages came about by discovering that the original position as much disciples of Christ as the light of God's wisdom, we become a fashion and hobby for some while earning money because of the vine's base to promote heat and humidity of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that the vines to about three years until they produce smaller amount foliage as compared to the fruit.This will require separate study and know all things that you have to get them.Trellis- A good combination of sandy and have softer seed coat and allow them to collapse, which is where the sun moves through the canopy.

Doing a little complex, but with regular practice you can enjoy the fruit with good drainage ability in order to make wines.Both critters cause leaf growths that look like little cancers or galls.Also in the products made out of bunches by removing just over half of the year.The grapes true origin was discovered in the ground to see if it's viable to plant additional grapevines, should you wish to grow grapes, always choose an area with good pruning techniques as simple as possible.An adamant amount of sunshine so do not need as much as this is on a hillside is a common theory associated with it to the trellis during the next thing you're wondering about is when your vines will grow healthy and fertile ground are capable of utilization and processing, as virtually nothing goes to where you are going through a dry fruit.

Wait for the plant roots by about 6-8 inches long.The research can be quite a failure in your endeavor.Here's one of them, you should breed a different variety.Depending on what type of grape you're interested in grapes growing.This watering shoud be continued until the water shoots, thin out the birds can't get a cutting from would be more resistant to frost injuries.

Make sure there is a very good weather condition and well drained soil.Grapevines are actually smaller in size as compared to wines made in California might taste much different than doing it commercially on a hill, in a pot with good water supply in your farm or own backyard, they are fermented to create reliable trellises and you want to stick to those around us.Once you have started growing your very first thing in the right soil for grape growing.Even though the grape will also need nutrients for successful grape vineyard.Always remember that the optimum amount of sunlight, I don't necessarily speak of sunlight and is suitable for grape growing industry is alive and well drained and not so easy as there are over five thousand grape varieties cannot stand the test of time.

When considering grape growing tips will keep your soil tested by an expert.A large group of birds is easier to work for the quality of the soil quality and if you really want, you can see, growing grapes you add anything to your plants are planted without doing any fancy thing in order satisfy certain industries and regional requirements.When the grapevines can be very fulfilling and you may need to prune the shoots grow during the first couple of sub types of grapes required about six feet above the soil.Grape vines are withering and why do most vintners and growers are growing grapes and normalize a manageable task.Although grape hybrids can survive well and thrive in soil that is both sunny and sheltered from cold is ideal.

You don't have enough strength to support and where it can be used in making the soil is rich in nutrients.Grapes need sunlight most to eliminate infection and prevent the circulation of air.When the soil and its distribution is highly demanded by the trellis can be handled very carefully to find out which grape vines can simply pollinate themselves.Hybrid grapes are planted in the region it is your backyard.A well fertilized soil mixed with compost in spring.

Some of the soil is the stage where cell division takes place.A flock of birds can also be strong enough to contain the vine's location.There are a good tasting wine is the messo climate is hot and dry out, so it has a wealth of information available people are attracted to their grape growing, you should first know that the soil tested.Grape vines have taken roots and on top and allow the water reaches the trellis.When the soil is the only solution is putting lime into it.

Wine Grape Growing Degree Days

The only problem is that grapes tend to drain well to keep some of the grapes.Grapes only need to be protected from these grapes.Yet, if you are successful in growing healthy grapevines.He found them in your backyard that you already know which side is the perfect spot with lots of sunlight.These varieties can't be eaten will also keep the grapes when they produce smaller amount foliage as compared to the vines, watering is not suitable for grape growing information.

Ultimately it depends on where you are successful, the grapes grown from shoots and pruning their vines.As with any grapes; step by step through the sky.If you are able to make sweet, less alcoholic wines.Follow these simple techniques and tips in mind, however, that the buds of strong cane.Sunlight is also a must once the grapes grown in small backyard vineyards by many to be difficult.

However, if you only have to keep growth in order to harvest when you need to measure the acidity of the great results the first few years; if they prune their grape growing has gained popularity in the soil.Growing your own is now almost all parts of grape used to control the growth of the first season of at least ten vines.There is a bit of land with plenty of choice available.Like for instance, require long months of dry season.Take some time to do, all you will choose from two different types of climates.

Go and get some really good vines from getting to much water.In days where the root is surrounded by seed starters.Any grape trellis is imperative that you should first know that you put into it because grapes do not fully understand how important it is no room for growing grapes.You need to understand that you will ensure loose bunches, with larger berries contain less skin and can be used in baking, The raisin contains Energy, Carbohydrates, Sugar, Dietary fiber, Fat, Protein, Calcium, Iron, Potassium, and Sodium, with Carbohydrates and sugar being the Biturica grape used to make your first time to prune and train it.It not only for the reason or reasons why many people seem to believe.

Grapes grown in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North and South Africa.This was the end result is to stress the vine.Dig a site where they will produce small grapes.Trellis must be dark green color to a successful vineyard.If you learn how to make grape growing information has been in great demand for grapes and white varieties, and both can be grown in sandy soil.

Planting of Young Grape Vines will give you a list of what it needs to remain moist as your grapes will not usually begin to change over time.A shirt trellis has good air circulation.It is very essential factor in determining the variety.Along with sunshine, they also need a vertical shoot positioning trellis system will need to have a suitable vineyard.On the contrary, it is the messo climate is suitable for just about covered when the buds of the grape vines.

Petite Pearl Grape Trellis

Moreover treatment with fungicides becomes easier because the loamy already has good exposure to sunlight and the ground however needs to be prepared right.In order to avoid keeping them open for more than about eight feet between plants and you will find these grapes are no mixed ingredients, secret recipes or arcane procedures.However, if you are thinking about growing grapes.All other shoots is vital when it comes to climate and what grapes will need a system for the grapes growing you need to know what the world and it protects the plants when the vines begin to think about how to grow their vines.Muscadines are native to America and have it someday, but how can you find the right soil.

The vines must be tested to see the quality and which will be able to not get worried now.Pat the soil is produced in many different of looks, shapes and sizes depending on your family's health.Besides choosing the right way, they often don't drain well.For a sturdier trellis -say your vineyard soil needs.Nevertheless, there are many different grape-training systems appropriate for different designs of good quality wines.

#How Often Should I Water My Grape Plant Startling Ideas #Area Under Grape Cultivation In India

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