#Greek interlinear bible nasb

[thereformedprincess]

EASTER/RESURRECTION DAY! it's a day the Lord has made ❤️🙏🙇‍♀️🙌. HOW DARE YOU USE THAT NAME! < ISNT CHRIST ENOUGH?

💯 It has become a war of words in many instances in the Christian community. which words we use for which holidays and names for Jesus and what we even call ourselves ect ect ect. Many thinking we are damned to hell for their use or the lack thereof.

💯 What is even more concerning is the heresy in these movements. They lead to false doctrine and false ideologies where thinking if we do certain things the Word of God doesn't consider a sin we are still damned to hell.

💯. This directly effects our outlook on scripture when it comes to holidays because on one side we have people saying we have to celebrate Easter and call it easter and on the other side we have people saying we have to call it resurrection day or not celebrate at all. Mostly the latter.

💯 So I did a scriptural and historical study into these things and I figured out the truth about all of these things so I could share them and edify the body of Christ.

❤️🙏🙇‍♀️🙌. Many will use bible verses out of context to say that we are participating in idolatry. Let's define idolatry biblically.

✨Strong's Number: G1495

Greek Base Word: εἰδωλολατρεία

Usage: Idolatry

Definition: Image-worship (literally or figuratively).

Detailed definition:

The worship of false gods, idolatry.

Of the formal sacrificial feats held in honor of false gods.

Of avarice, as a worship of Mammon.

In the plural, the vices springing from idolatry and peculiar to it.

Derived terms: From G1497 and G2999.

See also:

G1497

G2999

Pronunciation:

Biblical International Phonetic Alphabet: i.ðo.lo.lɑˈtri.ɑ

Modern International Phonetic Alphabet: i.ðow.low.lɑˈtri.ɑ

Transliteration: eidōlolatreia

Biblical Pronunciation: ee-thoh-loh-la-TREE-ah

Modern Pronunciation: ee-thoh-loh-la-TREE-ah

💯 This definition of idolatry means we would have to elevate the holiday to a false god of some sort and pray to and worship that God. Ofcourse some grey area applies here. We should not be telling our children that the Easter bunny Santa and other fictitious characters are real. That is not only lying but it is giving spiritual power to a false ideal and giving them deity.

❤️🙏🙇‍♀️🙌. Many will say we are worshipping false images and the created rather than the Creator. This is also false why? Because again worship would have to elevate the created things to God as an image. The biblical definition of worship 👇

✨◄ 4574. sebasma ►

Strong's Concordance

sebasma: an object of worship

Original Word: σέβασμα, ατος, τό

Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter

Transliteration: sebasma

Phonetic Spelling: (seb'-as-mah)

Definition: an object of worship

Usage: an object of worship or veneration.

HELPS Word-studies

Cognate: 4574 sébasma – devotion shown to a deity, especially in relation to religious objects of worship. See 4576 (sebomai).

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin

from sebazomai

Definition

an object of worship

NASB Translation

object of worship (1), objects of...worship (1).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 4574: σέβασμα

σέβασμα, σεβασματος, τό (σεβάζομαι), whatever is religiously honored, an object of worship: 2 Thessalonians 2:4 (Wis. 14:20); used of temples, altars, statues, etc., Acts 17:23; of idolatrous images, Bel and the Dragon, 27; Wis. 15:17. (Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquities 1, 30).

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

an object of worship

From sebazomai; something adored, i.e. An object of worship (god, altar, etc) -- devotion, that is worshipped.

see GREEK sebazomai

Forms and Transliterations

σεβασμα σέβασμα σεβασματα σεβάσματα sebasma sébasma sebasmata sebásmata

Links

Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts

Englishman's Concordance

Acts 17:23 N-ANP

GRK: ἀναθεωρῶν τὰ σεβάσματα ὑμῶν εὗρον

NAS: and examining the objects of your worship, I also

KJV: beheld your devotions, I found

INT: beholding the objects of worship of you I found

2 Thessalonians 2:4 N-ANS

GRK: θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα ὥστε αὐτὸν

NAS: or object of worship, so

KJV: God, or that is worshipped; so that he

INT: god or object of worship so as him

Strong's Greek 4574

2 Occurrences

σέβασμα — 1 Occ.

σεβάσματα — 1 Occ.

💯 Some people like to say we are participating in witchcraft which isn't true either since that cannot be divorced from idolatry

◄ 5331. pharmakeia ►

Strong's Concordance

pharmakeia: the use of medicine, drugs or spells

Original Word: φαρμακεία, ας, ἡ

Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine

Transliteration: pharmakeia

Phonetic Spelling: (far-mak-i'-ah)

Definition: the use of medicine, drugs or spells

Usage: magic, sorcery, enchantment.

HELPS Word-studies

5331 pharmakeía (from pharmakeuō, "administer drugs") – properly, drug-related sorcery, like the practice of magical-arts, etc. (A. T. Robertson).

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin

from pharmakeuó (to administer drugs)

Definition

the use of medicine, drugs or spells

NASB Translation

sorceries (1), sorcery (2).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 5331: φαρμακεία

φαρμακεία (WH κια, so T (except in Galatians 5:20; cf. the Proleg., p. 88); see Iota), φαρμακείας, ἡ (φαρμακεύω);

a. the use or the administering of drugs (Xenophon, mem. 4, 2, 17).

b. poisoning (Plato, Polybius, others): Revelation 9:21 (here WH text Tr marginal reading φαρμακῶν; many interpretations refer the passage to the next entry).

c. sorcery, magical arts, often found in connection with idolatry and fostered by it: Galatians 5:20 (where see Lightfoot) (Wis. 12:4 Wis. 18:13; for כְּשָׁפִים, Isaiah 47:9; for לָטִים, Exodus 7:22; Exodus 8:18; for לְהָטִים, Exodus 7:11); tropically, of the deceptions and seductions of idolatry, Revelation 18:23.

STRONGS NT 5331: φάρμακον [φάρμακον, φαρμάκου, τό, from Homer down, a drug; an enchantment: Tr marginal reading WH text in Revelation 9:21 (R. V. sorceries), for φαρμακεία, which see (in b.).]

❤️🙏🙇‍♀️🙌. When dividing the Word of God sin is biblically defined. Sin is clear and concise. The deeds of the flesh

✨Galatians 5:19-21

King James Version

19 Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness,

20 Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies,

21 Envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.

💯 Since we have eliminated any works of the flesh that would contribute to the celebration of holidays we cannot put these under condemnation and therefore it is a personal conviction as defined in Romans 14. This falls on BOTH sides of this debate however we are not to condemn either side of this with each other.

✨romans 14:

1 Accept the one whose faith is weak, without quarreling over disputable matters.

2 One person’s faith allows them to eat anything, but another, whose faith is weak, eats only vegetables.

3 The one who eats everything must not treat with contempt the one who does not, and the one who does not eat everything must not judge the one who does, for God has accepted them.

4 Who are you to judge someone else’s servant? To their own master, servants stand or fall. And they will stand, for the Lord is able to make them stand.

5 One person considers one day more sacred than another; another considers every day alike. Each of them should be fully convinced in their own mind.

6 Whoever regards one day as special does so to the Lord. Whoever eats meat does so to the Lord, for they give thanks to God; and whoever abstains does so to the Lord and gives thanks to God.

7 For none of us lives for ourselves alone, and none of us dies for ourselves alone.

8 If we live, we live for the Lord; and if we die, we die for the Lord. So, whether we live or die, we belong to the Lord.

9 For this very reason, Christ died and returned to life so that he might be the Lord of both the dead and the living.

10 You, then, why do you judge your brother or sister ? Or why do you treat them with contempt? For we will all stand before God’s judgment seat.

11 It is written: “ ‘As surely as I live,’ says the Lord, ‘every knee will bow before me; every tongue will acknowledge God.’ ”

12 So then, each of us will give an account of ourselves to God.

13 Therefore let us stop passing judgment on one another. Instead, make up your mind not to put any stumbling block or obstacle in the way of a brother or sister.

14 I am convinced, being fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus, that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean,that person it is unclean.

15 If your brother or sister is distressed because of what you eat, you are no longer acting in love. Do not by your eating destroy someone for whom Christ died.

16 Therefore do not let what you know is good be spoken of as evil.

17 For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit,

18 because anyone who serves Christ in this way is pleasing to God and receives human approval.

19 Let us therefore make every effort to do what leads to peace and to mutual edification.

20 Do not destroy the work of God for the sake of food. All food is clean, but it is wrong for a person to eat anything that causes someone else to stumble.

21 It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or to do anything else that will cause your brother or sister to fall.

22 So whatever you believe about these things keep between yourself and God. Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approves.

23 But whoever has doubts is condemned if they eat, because their eating is not from faith; and everything that does not come from faith is sin

❤️🙏🙇‍♀️🙌. As per the holiday of Easter there are conflicting historical studies on the subject and if we are bearers of truth we must adhere to that and not to what we want it to be. Upon my historical studies I found some interesting information that would help inform you all of the origins of the things that are debated.

💯 One is that the word EASTER is derived from Ishtar. An old Babylonian goddess and that we are worshipping her by celebrating Easter because the root of that somehow links to eostre or Ishtar which is high German.. but it cannot be linked to that word. It just sounds like it. Instead the word that Easter derives from is a Latin word albis. Which turned into eostarum in old high German which became pascha in French. And we see that in other languages many similar words are used for Easter.

💯 If we claim that Easter is named after some pagan goddess and we therefore condemn those Christians that celebrate it then we need to look at all things pagan like the days of the week and the names of the months which are named after Roman Gods so unless you refer to the days of the week as first second third ect and 1st month 2nd 3rd then what you're saying and resting on as truth is hypocrisy. And might I add people do worship the calendar

💯 Upon further discovery I found out that the decoration of Easter eggs is a little bit of a grey area. The partaking of lent in early church history started happening around 200 AD. during this time Christians would fast and they couldn't eat their eggs but their chickens were still laying them so instead of throwing them away they would boil them, decorate them red for the blood of Christ and put a cross on them. Having to partake in lent for salvation or being forced to is not biblical. However if one does want to it is completely up to that individual for their own convictions. As long as you understand that is not what saves you!

💯 Further evidence of the Easter bunny derived from the time of year. When early Christians would see bunnies for spring time. However. Creating a false Easter bunny with deity attached to it is not biblical either.

💯. We see these things being propagated in many many religions outside of biblical Christianity. Hebrew roots and it's offshoots will condemn us for celebrating holidays. Judaism especially through the completely unbiblical Talmud or oral law, Mormonism, Jehovah's witnesses, LDS church, seventh day adventists, the unbiblical movement known as que (you know I wasn't going to forget that one), catholicism to name a few.

❤️🙏🙇‍♀️🙌. In conclusion it isnt biblical to condemn over such minor issues. They are definitely a secondary issue. And you do not have to agree with me on my studies, however it is important that no one condemn God's servant because you just never know. I'll be back on this same subject for Christmas. CHRIST IS ENOUGH. WE FIND REST IN HIM. IT IS FINISHED! PAID IN FULL! TETELESTAI! 💯💯💯

❤️🙏🙇‍♀️🙌. GOD BLESS YOU ALL AND HAPPY EASTER/RESURRECTION DAY! WHETHER YOU CELEBRATE OR NOT IT IS A DAY THE LORD HAS MADE! ABIDE IN CHRIST AND HIM CRUCIFIED ALONE TODAY! ✨✨✨✨✨

my sources on this subject:https://www.gotquestions.org/easter-origins.html

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Easter-holiday

[veworbots]

Greek interlinear bible nasb

The above notation is also used in a few cases such as John 8 where NA and WH agree and SBL does not include the text. ** Major variant * Minor or spelling variant Where both the NA and SBL agree on a variant word or spelling, it replaces the Nestle along with the following notation: TR and RP are included for major variants not contained in the critical texts. The Nestle text itself has been marked if not contained in either NA or SBL texts. Only the last version from left to right to contain a given variant is noted. Words not contained in the Nestle text have been included with the following notation: Paragraph formatting has been adapted from Westcott and Hort, 1881. Scrivener, The New Testament in the Original Griego according to the Text followed in the Authorised Version (Cambridge: University Press, 1894).īase text and orthography is the Nestle 1904 Griego Nuevo Testamento, courtesy of: site/nestle1904/. Pierpont, The Nuevo Testamento in the Original Griego: Byzantine Textform, 2005. 2: Introduction Appendix (Cambridge: Macmillan, 1881). Stuttgart: (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993).īrooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort, The Nuevo Testamento in the Original Griego, vol. Holmes, Griego Nuevo Testamento: SBL Edition. (British and Foreign Biblia Society, 1904). The interlinear allows for each parallel reading and lexicon study. Read the original and literal Greek or Hebrew text with Strong’s words using the King James Version or New American Standard. Strong's Tagging via Open Scriptures, David Troidl and Christopher KimballĮberhard Nestle, Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. The Interlinear Bible is keyed to the Greek and Hebrew text using Strong’s Concordance. Lockman Foundation for use of the NASB Exhaustive Concordance (Strong's).ĭavid Troidl and Christopher Kimball for use of the WLC with Strong's Tagging. We are grateful to those who have made this project possible:Ĭharles Van der Pool for use of the Apostolic Biblia Polyglot Interlineal.

[blogquantumreality]

Ok so y'all

Minor Bible trivia for you Manifest fans!

If you look up the exact wording of the highlighted verse you will find that the version of the Bible the TV show creators and writers are probably using as their basis is the New American Standard Bible. I don't know how consistent they are being about it, but one of the reasons why having a Bible to look at while you watch the show is useful is it lets you get some context behind the parallelism between events in the show and verses used or quoted in the series.

The NASB can be found here, and you can also cross check against other versions if you want on the same website.

If you want to go back to the original Greek text you can check out compilations such as the Nestle-Aland, or interlinears such as this one.

One reason you might want to look at multiple text sources (even if it's just at different English Bible versions) is that the form of translation can actually change your interpretation of how events in the series are unfolding to a certain extent.

For example, the verse in Luke 8:17 can, depending on how you choose to render the Greek into English, be translated in a way that either conveys a sense of this-will-happen regardless of intent, or in a way that conveys a sense of active volitional intention being required to make the thing happen - and this plays into how the show presents the Callings. Are they inevitable, or is human action a necessary requirement?

Anyway, enjoy! :)

[existential-nun]

More Religious Headcanons no one asked for

Okay so I stumbled across these on the Object Show wiki

(this can be an extremely cursed take depending on who you ask) But if I'm being serious, as far as I know, Religion is not mentioned in the shows BFDI - BFB but it's possible it could have been referenced in a spinoff or fanmade show. But there are some juicy head canons I came up with based on what I see here. TW: RELIGIOUS TRAUMA! Also, don't take this too seriously, this wiki was made by the object show fandom (not people actually involved in BFDI-BFB and I don't trust them anyway.) Also these characters are literally objects that could fit in the palm of your hand so it's nothing to freak out over (even though I myself am overanalyzing this for funsies)

1. Leafy

🍃 She's ethnically Jewish. Since Leafy is a lemon leaf, I figured she may be a lemon/Balady citron hybrid, since

🍃She is a very legalistic Christian. In canon, we see her keep a "niceness list" and has a ranking for everyone and ultimately tries to keep herself in the top rank. She makes judgements about right and wrong very quickly, and is very vocal about it, but she also insists that people can be forgiven and work their way back up. While saying this behavior is related to Legalism might be seen as an insensitive jab to some Christians, it kind of makes sense? Like,,, who else is that obsessed with being 'good?' 🍃Because of her legalistic background, Leafy is sensitive to traumatic situations along with possibly having her own religious trauma baggage. She is constantly afraid of not being good enough and while she asserts to others that she is good and that she is the nicest person in the group--she's quick to panic when something or someone indicates that she's not. She's very insecure and desperate for sincere friendships. Her religious trauma mixes with the trauma of being pursued, receiving death threats, and living in isolation for years, so she's very unstable. 🍃After BFB 22, Leafy begins to drift away from legalism as her friendships start to heal. She sees grace in her friends and she more freely offers it herself, though she still struggles with whether or not she's good enough. I could see her starting a Bible Study in the evenings when this happens. 🍃Leafy is probably the biggest advocate for mental health in her Church. 🍃Leafy would be the worship leader in a youth group and you know it.

2. Lollipop

🍭She's the woke Christian who probably wrote a book or devotional or something idk. 🍭She's a biromantic ace (and the only character I would headcanon an orientation for) since canonically, she does flirt with other characters (usually female), but it's usually in her usual playful/bantering/half-sarcastic way and is not intended to lead to a relationship. 🍭She thinks Moses and Elisha are big moods. 🍭She advocates for platonic partnerships and listens to Life on Side B podcasts. 🍭Defies societal expectations like a boss 🍭 Runs 40 Christian Minecraft servers and openly talks about being bi on all of them. Never swear on her server though. 🍭Probably homeschooled. I mean, just look at her attitude and how she laughs in the face of things like schedules. She would 100% homeschool any children she adopts. 🍭Speaking of adoption, she'd probably be like a nun, living with Gelatin and Flower like family, helping them run their businesses along with her own, and start an orphanage for small or disabled objects (because I don't think there's such thing as biological reproduction in their reality anyway) once they accumulate enough money. 🍭 Insists on reading the Bible in Greek and Hebrew, but doesn't know either language so settles for ESV and NASB interlinear much to her chagrin.

3. Gelatin

🍴 He's that one guy in youth group cracking the jokes that half the group facepalms at and the other half and the youth pastor just EXPLODE into laughter. 🍴 Gelatin's steakhouse is closed on Sundays, except for right after Church when he invites everyone to come over for lunch and offers discounts. 🍴 He probably has a stash of edgy Christian memes that he knows would make the pastor angry but one day his entire meme collection somehow shows up on the projector during Worship. 🍴 He would open a soup kitchen if he stopped insisting that all food must be eaten with forks. 🍴 Caters at VBS. Also does the silly goofy skits at VBS to keep the children laughing while waiting to be picked up by their families at the end of the day. (Half the time, he gets to be the child at VBS. He could be anywhere between 6 and 16 for all we know) 🍴 Prefers sprinkling to full submersion Baptism, but don't tell anybody in the Baptist Church Next Door to the Church he attends he said that please. 🍴 Whatever Lollipop is, he's her counterpart. No they are not dating. They are best friends. 🍴 He reads out loud from the Message Bible in Church much to his pastor's chagrin. 🍴 His favorite Bibles are the NLT Manga Bible, the Action Bible, and that one NIV Teen Study Bible from the early 90s with all the wacky graphic organizers and stuff inside that have that very 80s-90s aesthetic.

4. Ice Cube

🧊 Messianic Jew 🧊 She's the most chill girl in the congregation. 🧊 Passover is her favorite time of year. And she loves Matzah! 🧊 Obsessed with The Maccabeats and Veggietales.

5. Grassy

I skipped to him since he's the only other character from BFDI-BFB in the "Christian" section. He doesn't have a lot of screen time so I don't have much to go on, but he definitely goes to VBS and absolutely adores gelatin. 6. Bubble, Pen and Match go to the same synagogue together. Somehow, Match always wins Spin the Dreidel during Hanukkah. (Despite being ethnically Jewish myself, I don't know enough about my heritage to come up with good head canons) 7. I have no idea how Teardrop is Christian, Jewish, and Muslim, the only explanation I have is that she's basically Pi from Life of Pi, who is also a devout Christian, Hindu, and Muslim.

[thejudahite]

For a much more complete list of known Bible translations and versions, and information of the parties listed in the Bible Lawsuit Click Here: American Standard Version (ASV) - WORDsearch Corp. Amplified Bible (AMP) - Zondervan Bible in Basic English (BBE) - WORDsearch Corp. Centenary Translation of the New Testament - WORDsearch Corp. Common English Bible - Common English Bible Complete Jewish Bible - Jewish New Testament Publications Concordant Literal New testament - Concordant Publishing Concern Contemporary English Version (CEV) - American Bible Society Darby Bible (DBY) - WORDsearch Corp. Douay-Rheims Bible - WORDsearch Corp. Easy-To-Read Version - World Bible Translation Center Elberfelder Bible 1905 - WORDsearch Corp. English Standard Version (ESV) - Crossway Books God's Word Translation (GWT) - Baker Publishing Group Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB) - Broadman & Holman Holy Bible From The Ancient Eastern Text - A. J. Holman Company Interlinear Greek-English New Testament - Baker Book House International Children's Bible (ICB) - Thomas Nelson Publishers JPS Tanakh 1917 - WORDsearch Corp. King James Version 1611 - Thomas Nelson Publishers King James Version (KJV) - WORDsearch Corp. King James Version Apocrypha - WORDsearch Corp. Luther Bible 1912 - WORDsearch Corp. Mace New Testament - WORDsearch Corp. Moffatt, The New Testament: A New Translation (MOF) - WORDsearch Corp. New American Standard Bible (NASB) Bundle - Lockman Foundation New English Translation (NET) - Biblical Studies Press The Christian Counselor's New Testament - Baker Publishing Group The Geneva Bible 1599 - Tolle Lege Press The Modern Language Bible: Berkeley Version - Hendrickson Publishers The New Oxford Annotated Bible (RSV) - Oxford University Press The Webster Bible - Durrie and Peck New Century Version (NCV) - Thomas Nelson Publishers New International Version (NIV) 2011 - Zondervan New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) - Doubleday New King James Version (NKJV) - Thomas Nelson Publishers New Living Translation (NLT) - Tyndale House Publishers New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) - National Council of Churches Phillips New Testament Bible - WORDsearch Corp. Revised Standard Version Bible (RSV) - National Council of Churches The Holy Bible, The Great Light In Masonry - A. J. Holman Company The Interlinear Hebrew Greek English Bible - Associated Publishers and Authors, Inc. The Living Bible (TLB) - Tyndale House Publishers The Message (MSG) - NavPress The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures - Watchtower Bible and Tract Society The Septaugint Bible - Shekinah Enterprises The Septaugint With Apocrypha: Greek and English - Hendrickson Publishers Today's English Version (TEV) - American Bible Society Wesley's New Testament - WORDsearch Corp. Weymouth's New Testament (WEY) - WORDsearch Corp. Wuest Expanded Translation (WET) - Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible (YLT) - WORDsearch Corp.

[apkdownloadd]

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[liveinvictoryeveryday]

Scriptures for Today February 27, 2020   https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%2051;%20Jonah%203:1-10;%20Romans%201:1-7

Psalm 51

1 Have mercy on me, O God, according to your unfailing love; according to your great compassion blot out my transgressions. 2 Wash away all my iniquity     and cleanse me from my sin.

3 For I know my transgressions,     and my sin is always before me. 4 Against you, you only, have I sinned     and done what is evil in your sight; so you are right in your verdict     and justified when you judge. 5 Surely I was sinful at birth,     sinful from the time my mother conceived me. 6 Yet you desired faithfulness even in the womb;     you taught me wisdom in that secret place.

7 Cleanse me with hyssop, and I will be clean;     wash me, and I will be whiter than snow. 8 Let me hear joy and gladness;     let the bones you have crushed rejoice. 9 Hide your face from my sins     and blot out all my iniquity.

10 Create in me a pure heart, O God,     and renew a steadfast spirit within me. 11 Do not cast me from your presence     or take your Holy Spirit from me. 12 Restore to me the joy of your salvation     and grant me a willing spirit, to sustain me.

13 Then I will teach transgressors your ways,     so that sinners will turn back to you. 14 Deliver me from the guilt of bloodshed, O God,     you who are God my Savior,     and my tongue will sing of your righteousness. 15 Open my lips, Lord,     and my mouth will declare your praise. 16 You do not delight in sacrifice, or I would bring it;     you do not take pleasure in burnt offerings. 17 My sacrifice, O God, is[b] a broken spirit;     a broken and contrite heart     you, God, will not despise.

18 May it please you to prosper Zion,     to build up the walls of Jerusalem. 19 Then you will delight in the sacrifices of the righteous,     in burnt offerings offered whole;     then bulls will be offered on your altar.

Footnotes:

Psalm 51:1 In Hebrew texts 51:1-19 is numbered 51:3-21.

Psalm 51:17 Or The sacrifices of God are

New International Version (NIV)Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

Jonah 3

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Jonah 3 New International Version (NIV)

Jonah Goes to Nineveh

3 Then the word of the Lord came to Jonah a second time: 2 “Go to the great city of Nineveh and proclaim to it the message I give you.”

3 Jonah obeyed the word of the Lord and went to Nineveh. Now Nineveh was a very large city; it took three days to go through it. 4 Jonah began by going a day’s journey into the city, proclaiming, “Forty more days and Nineveh will be overthrown.” 5 The Ninevites believed God. A fast was proclaimed, and all of them, from the greatest to the least, put on sackcloth.

6 When Jonah’s warning reached the king of Nineveh, he rose from his throne, took off his royal robes, covered himself with sackcloth and sat down in the dust. 7 This is the proclamation he issued in Nineveh:

“By the decree of the king and his nobles:

Do not let people or animals, herds or flocks, taste anything; do not let them eat or drink. 8 But let people and animals be covered with sackcloth. Let everyone call urgently on God. Let them give up their evil ways and their violence. 9 Who knows? God may yet relent and with compassion turn from his fierce anger so that we will not perish.”

10 When God saw what they did and how they turned from their evil ways, he relented and did not bring on them the destruction he had threatened.

New International Version (NIV)Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

Romans 1:1-7

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Библия, синодално издание (BOB)

Библия, ревизирано издание (BPB)

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English Standard Version (ESV)

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Expanded Bible (EXB)

1599 Geneva Bible (GNV)

GOD’S WORD Translation (GW)

Good News Translation (GNT)

Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB)

International Children’s Bible (ICB)

International Standard Version (ISV)

J.B. Phillips New Testament (PHILLIPS)

Jubilee Bible 2000 (JUB)

King James Version (KJV)

Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV)

Lexham English Bible (LEB)

Living Bible (TLB)

The Message (MSG)

Modern English Version (MEV)

Mounce Reverse-Interlinear New Testament (MOUNCE)

Names of God Bible (NOG)

New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE)

New American Standard Bible (NASB)

New Century Version (NCV)

New English Translation (NET Bible)

New International Reader’s Version (NIRV)

New International Version (NIV)

New International Version – UK (NIVUK)

New King James Version (NKJV)

New Life Version (NLV)

New Living Translation (NLT)

New Matthew Bible (NMB)

New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)

New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised (NRSVA)

New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised Catholic Edition (NRSVACE)

New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (NRSVCE)

New Testament for Everyone (NTE)

Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB)

The Passion Translation (TPT)

Revised Geneva Translation (RGT)

Revised Standard Version (RSV)

Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (RSVCE)

Tree of Life Version (TLV)

The Voice (VOICE)

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Young’s Literal Translation (YLT)

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Palabra de Dios para Todos (PDT)

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Jacalteco, Oriental (JAC)

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Kekchi (KEK)

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Marathi Bible: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-MR)

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Mam, Central (MVC)

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Mam de Todos Santos Chuchumatán (MVJ)

—Plautdietsch (NDS)—

Reimer 2001 (REIMER)

—नेपाली (NE)—

Nepali Bible: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-NE)

—Náhuatl de Guerrero (NGU)—

Náhuatl de Guerrero (NGU)

—Nederlands (NL)—

BasisBijbel (BB)

Het Boek (HTB)

—Norsk (NO)—

Det Norsk Bibelselskap 1930 (DNB1930)

En Levende Bok (LB)

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Mawu a Mulungu mu Chichewa Chalero (CCL)

—ଓଡ଼ିଆ (OR)—

Oriya Bible: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-OR)

—ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (PA)—

Punjabi Bible: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-PA)

—Polski (PL)—

Nowe Przymierze (NP)

Słowo Życia (SZ-PL)

Updated Gdańsk Bible (UBG)

—Nawat (PPL)—

Ne Bibliaj Tik Nawat (NBTN)

—Português (PT)—

Almeida Revista e Corrigida 2009 (ARC)

Nova Traduҫão na Linguagem de Hoje 2000 (NTLH)

Nova Versão Transformadora (NVT)

Nova Versão Internacional (NVI-PT)

O Livro (OL)

Portuguese New Testament: Easy-to-Read Version (VFL)

—Quichua (QU)—

Mushuj Testamento Diospaj Shimi (MTDS)

—Quiché, Centro Occidenta (QUT)—

Quiché, Centro Occidental (QUT)

—Română (RO)—

Cornilescu 1924 – Revised 2010, 2014 (RMNN)

Nouă Traducere În Limba Română (NTLR)

—Русский (RU)—

New Russian Translation (NRT)

Священное Писание (Восточный Перевод) (CARS)

Священное Писание (Восточный перевод), версия для Таджикистана (CARST)

Священное Писание (Восточный перевод), версия с «Аллахом» (CARSA)

Russian New Testament: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-RU)

Russian Synodal Version (RUSV)

—Slovenčina (SK)—

Nádej pre kazdého (NPK)

—Somali (SO)—

Somali Bible (SOM)

—Shqip (SQ)—

Albanian Bible (ALB)

—Српски (SR)—

New Serbian Translation (NSP)

Serbian New Testament: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-SR)

—Svenska (SV)—

nuBibeln (Swedish Contemporary Bible) (NUB)

Svenska 1917 (SV1917)

Svenska Folkbibeln (SFB)

Svenska Folkbibeln 2015 (SFB15)

Swedish New Living Bible (Nya Levande Bibeln) (SVL)

—Kiswahili (SW)—

Neno: Bibilia Takatifu (SNT)

—தமிழ் (TA)—

Tamil Bible: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-TA)

—ภาษาไทย (TH)—

Thai New Contemporary Bible (TNCV)

Thai New Testament: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-TH)

—Tagalog (TL)—

Ang Bagong Tipan: Filipino Standard Version (FSV)

Ang Biblia (1978) (ABTAG1978)

Ang Biblia, 2001 (ABTAG2001)

Ang Dating Biblia (1905) (ADB1905)

Ang Salita ng Diyos (SND)

Magandang Balita Biblia (MBBTAG)

Magandang Balita Biblia (with Deuterocanon) (MBBTAG-DC)

—Twi (TWI)—

Nkwa Asem (NA-TWI)

—Українська (UK)—

Ukrainian Bible (UKR)

Ukrainian New Testament: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-UK)

—اردو (UR)—

Urdu Bible: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-UR)

—Uspanteco (USP)—

Uspanteco (USP)

—Tiêng Viêt (VI)—

Bản Dịch 2011 (BD2011)

New Vietnamese Bible (NVB)

Vietnamese Bible: Easy-to-Read Version (BPT)

—Yorùbá (YO)—

Bíbélì Mímọ́ Yorùbá Òde Òn (BYO)

—汉语 (ZH)—

Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified) (CCB)

Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional) (CCBT)

Chinese New Testament: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-ZH)

Chinese New Version (Simplified) (CNVS)

Chinese New Version (Traditional) (CNVT)

Chinese Standard Bible (Simplified) (CSBS)

Chinese Standard Bible (Traditional) (CSBT)

Chinese Union Version (Simplified) (CUVS)

Chinese Union Version (Traditional) (CUV)

Chinese Union Version Modern Punctuation (Simplified) (CUVMPS)

Chinese Union Version Modern Punctuation (Traditional) (CUVMPT)

Revised Chinese Union Version (Simplified Script) Shen Edition (RCU17SS)

Revised Chinese Union Version (Traditional Script) Shen Edition (RCU17TS)

Romans 1:1-7 New International Version (NIV)

1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God— 2 the gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the Holy Scriptures 3 regarding his Son, who as to his earthly life[a] was a descendant of David, 4 and who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power[b] by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. 5 Through him we received grace and apostleship to call all the Gentiles to the obedience that comes from[c] faith for his name’s sake. 6 And you also are among those Gentiles who are called to belong to Jesus Christ.

7 To all in Rome who are loved by God and called to be his holy people:

Grace and peace to you from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ.

In this text the writer David expresses deep sorrow for his past transgressions. I am reminded of my car one Midwest winter. After all the salt had been poured to clear the roadways, my car had taken a beating. It accumulated a layer of dirt and grime. Underneath the dirt, the shine remained but what people saw was the dirt. So it is with sin. We can still be moving and living life but sin leaves a film on us. The world begins to see all the dirt.

David recognizes he needs cleansing. David a man after GODS heart says cleanse me with hyssop LORD. In a moment of self awareness David is heartbroken due to his shortcomings. The grime is so overwhelming he writes “restore the joy of my salvation. I know we when we are honest with ourselves must align with David. We have allowed random things to block the shine in our lives. Worry, fear, pride all have blocked the shine.

The season of Lent is like a car wash. Lent gives us an opportunity to go through a cleansing process so the shine within can come out. Let us embark on this journey together. Be Blessed

Point to Ponder: In what ways has daily dirt and grime from life’s grind affected YOUR connection with GOD? How will YOU clean up? ENCOURAGE someone today to appreciate the shine under the grime of their life.

Lent 2020 Day 2 “Cleaning Up” Scriptures for Today February 27, 2020 Psalm 51 1 Have mercy on me, O God, according to your unfailing love;

[quanrel]

NKJV Bible by Olive Tree

https://www.quanrel.com/nkjv-bible-by-olive-tree/ NKJV Bible by Olive Tree - https://www.quanrel.com/nkjv-bible-by-olive-tree/ Studying the Bible shouldn’t be hard. NKJV Bible by Olive Tree equips you with easy-to-use Bible study tools and resources so you can stop skimming Scripture and get answers—for free. Here are 4 ways you’ll be set-up for studying God’s Word: 1) NO WIFI That’s right, you don’t need a WiFi connection to access your Bible, audio Bible, or any other Bible study tools. You could be in the middle of the Amazon or on top of Mt. Everest. If your phone is working, so is your offline Bible app. 2) MORE THAN JUST A BIBLE God has been speaking to His people, through His people, for thousands of years��� and that takes some research to understand! This is why we provide 1000s of resources to help you go deeper into God’s Word—because studying the Holy Bible shouldn’t be hard. And when we say “resources,” we mean: -AUDIO BIBLES -DAILY READING PLANS -DEVOTIONALS -BIBLE MAPS -STUDY BIBLES -COMMENTARIES -EBOOKS -CHRISTIAN AUDIO BOOKS -GREEK & HEBREW TOOLS -AND SO MUCH MORE 3) TECH + DESIGN Not only do we implement unique features into our app, but we do it with style. Our favorite is the split-screen window: The Study Center. You can use the Resource Guide tab to access any of the resources available in our app and read them right alongside the Bible of your choice. It even does all the hard work of tracking with you, verse by verse. Studying the Bible just became the easiest it has ever been. 4) CUSTOMIZE YOUR BIBLE Want more highlighter options? That’s fine! Pick your own color, thickness, and change it to underline instead. Have trouble reading small print? Increase the font size! Reading at night? Change the theme to be easier on your eyes. Want to listen safely while you drive? Turn on drive mode! You can save your favorite passages, drop a book ribbon, create a note, add tags, and sign up to receive a daily Bible verse. Best part? Your highlights, notes, and resources sync between all your devices. BIBLE TRANSLATIONS If you’re wondering about our different English translations, this app comes with NIV, ESV, KJV, NKJV and more. Speak a different language? No problem! We have Bibles in Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, French, and others. We also have other popular translations available for in-app purchase! Here are a few: -The Message (MSG) -New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) -New Living Translation (NLT) -The Passion Translation -Christian Standard Bible (CSB) -New American Standard Bible (NASB) FREE STUFF Our passion is inspiring you to connect with God and His Word through technology. Not only is this a free Bible app, but we also have 100s of free resources—all day, every day. INEXPENSIVE BIBLICAL RESOURCES YOU CAN TAKE WITH YOU There’s no need to spend lots of money on paper resources that sit on a shelf. By investing in digital resources, you will be able to get the answers you need wherever you are—even offline. Stop flipping pages aimlessly and get Bible study tools that do the hardest work for you! We have all your favorite Bible study tools and resources available for purchase. Here’s a few: AUDIO BIBLES -NIV Listener’s Audio Bible -KJV Listener’s Audio Bible -NKJV Word of Promise Audio Bible -ESV Hear the Word Audio Bible -Passion Translation Audio Bible STUDY BIBLES -ESV Study Bible -NLT Study Bible -NIV Study Bible -NKJV Study Bible WORD STUDY BIBLES WITH STRONG’S NUMBERS -Just tap to quickly read definitions of words in the Bible’s original languages COMMENTARIES & STUDY TOOLS -Vine’s Expository Dictionary -Olive Tree Bible Maps -Bible Knowledge Commentary -Zondervan Atlas of the Bible CHRISTIAN AUDIO BOOKS Listen to Christian Audio Books by bestselling Christian authors INTERLINEAR BIBLES -Easily compare the original languages of the Bible HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS -Read through the life of Jesus chronologically, available in several translations ORIGINAL LANGUAGE BIBLES -Greek New Testament: NA28, UBS-5 -Hebrew Old Testament: BHS -Greek Old Testament: Septuagint (LXX) By HarperCollins Christian Publishing, Inc. Find out more

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The debate as to where one should be in the spectrum of literal versus dynamic equivalent, i.e., their translation philosophy has been going on since the first translation of the Hebrew (Aramaic) into Greek, i.e., the Septuagint (280-150 B.C.E.). However, if we were to look to the first printed English translation of 1526 by William Tyndale, we would find a literal translation philosophy that ran for almost four-hundred-years. It was not until the 20th century that we find the wholesale overthrow of the literal translation philosophy. For every literal English translation that we have today, there are dozens of dynamic equivalent translations. Just to name a few, we have the Contemporary Version, the Good News Translation, the Easy to Read Version, the New Life Version, the New Living Translation, God’s Word, the New Century Version, the New International Reader’s Version, and the like. Below, we will offer a deeper discussion of these translation philosophies than we had in the previous chapter, which had simply served as an introduction to the subject.

Interlinear Study Tool

The interlinear Bible page is set up with the left column where you will find the original language text, with the English word-for-word lexical gloss beneath each original language word; generally, the right column contains an English translation like the ESV, NASB, or the NIV. The interlinear translation in the left column and the modern-day English translation in the right column are parallel to each other. This allows the student to make immediate comparisons between the translation and the interlinear, helping one to determine the accuracy of the translation.

The New Greek-English Interlinear NT by Tyndale Publishing

The interlinear and the English equivalent in the left column are not generated by taking the English word(s) from the translation on the right and then placing them under the original language text. Whether we are dealing with Hebrew or Greek as our original language text, each word will have two or more English equivalents. What factors go into the choice of which word will go under the original language word? One factor is the period in which the book was written. As the New Testament was penned in the first century, during the era of Koine Greek, as opposed to classical Greek of centuries past, and then there is the context of what comes before and after the word under consideration.

Therefore, the translator will use his training in the original language, or a lexicon to determine if he is working with a noun, verb, the definite article, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, participle, and the like. Further, say he is looking at the verb, it must be determined what mood it is in (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, etc.), what tense (present, future, aorist, etc.), what voice (active, middle, passive, etc.), and so forth. In addition, the English words under the original language text are generated from grammatical form, the alterations to the root, which affect its role within the sentence, for which he will look to the Hebrew or Greek grammar reference.

The best lexicon is the 3rd edition Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other Early Christian Literature, (BDAG) ten years in the making, this extensive revision of Bauer, the standard authority worldwide, features new entries, 15,000 additional references from ancient literature, clearer type, and extended definitions rather than one-word synonyms. Providing a more panoramic view of the world and language of the New Testament, it becomes the new indispensable guide for translators. The second best lexicon is the Greek-English Lexicon: With a Revised Supplement, 1996: Ninth Revised Edition – Edited By H.G. Liddell, R. Scott by H.G. Liddell & R. Scott. Each word is given in root form along with important variations, and an excellent representation of examples from classical, Koine and Attic Greek sources follows. This lexicon is appropriate for all classical Greek and general biblical studies. By far the best traditional Hebrew lexicon currently available is The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT) (vols. 1-5; trans. M. E. J. Richardson; Brill, 1994-2000). However, the price is beyond most students and scholars. A more affordable edition, which I highly recommend, is available, Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Unabridged 2-Volume Study Edition) (2 vols. trans. M. E. J. Richardson; Brill, 2002).

There are numerous lexicons on the market, which would be fine tools for the Bible student. Many scholars would concur that Biblical lexicons have four main weaknesses:

They are geared toward the translations of the 20th century, as opposed to new translations.

They primarily contain only information from the Bible itself, as opposed to possessing information from Greek literature overall.

They are too narrow as to the words of say the New Testament, attempting to harmonize a word and its meaning. The problem with this agenda is that a word can have numerous meanings, some being quite different, depending on its context, even by the same author.

Most Biblical lexicons have not escaped the etymological fallacy, determining the meaning of a word based on its origin and past meaning(s). Another aspect being that the meaning of a word is based on the internal structure of the word. A common English example of the latter is “butterfly.” The separate part of “butter” and “fly” do not define “butterfly.” Another example is “ladybird.”

[1]

7 Do not marvel that I said to you, ‘It is necessary for you to be born again.’[2]

As you can see the interlinear translation reads very rough, as it is following the Greek sentence structure. The Updated American Standard Version rearranges the words according to English grammar and syntax. Do not be surprised that at times words may need to be left out of the English translation, as they are unnecessary.  For example, The Greek language sometimes likes to put the definite article “the” before personal name, so in the Greek, you may have “the Jesus said.” In the English, it would be appropriate to drop the definite article. At other times, it may be appropriate to add words to complete the sense in the English translation. For example, at John 4:26, Jesus said to the Samaritan woman, “I, the one speaking to you, am he.” *The word “he” is not in the Greek text but is implied, so it is added to complete the sense. Please see the image on the next page.

The Greek New Testament, (Interlinear)

Here in John chapter 4, you have Jesus being spoken to by a Samaritan woman. She is inquiring about the coming Messiah, and Jesus does something with the Samaritan woman that he has not done even with his disciples, He discloses who he really is, “I am the one [i.e., the Messiah]. The ESV, like the other translations that we have considered, is aware that there is an implied predicate pronoun in the sentence “I am [he] the one speaking to you.”

Literal Translation

Once the interlinear level has taken place, it is now time to adjust our English lexical glosses into sentences. Each word will possess its own grammatical indicator. As the translator begins to construct his English sentence, he will adjust according to the context of the words surrounding his focus. As you will see shortly, in the examples below, the translator must transition the words from the Greek order, to correct English grammar and syntax. This is a delicate balance faced by the literal translation team. As they must determine how close they will cling to the Hebrew or Greek word order in their English translation. The reader will find that the KJV, ASV, NASB, ESV and the UASV will allow a little roughness for the reader, for them an acceptable sacrifice as they believe that meaning is conveyed by the word order at times. An overly simplified example might be Christ Jesus as opposed to Jesus Christ, with the former focusing on the office (“Christ” anointed one), while the latter focuses on the person.

Even though it is impossible to follow the word order of the original in an English translation, the translator will attempt to stay as close as possible to the effective and persuasive use that the style of the original language permits. In other words, what is stated in the original language is rendered into the English, as well as the way that it is said, as far as possible? This is why the literal translation is known as a “formal equivalence.” As a literal translation, it “is designed so as to reveal as much of the original form as possible. (Ray 1982, p. 47)

It should be noted that this writer favors the literal translation over the dynamic equivalent, and especially the paraphrase. The literal translation gives us what God said, there is no concealing this by going beyond into the realms of what a translator interprets these words as saying. It should be understood that God’s Word to man is not meant to be read like a John Grisham novel. It is meant to be meditated on, pondered over, and absorbed quite slowly; using many tools and helps along the way. There is a reason for this, it being that the Bible is a sifter of hearts. It separates out those who really want to know and understand God’s Word (based on their evident demonstration of buying out the opportune time for study and research), from those who have no real motivation, no interest, just going through life. Even though, literal translation method needs to be done in a balanced manner, and should not be taken too far.

There are times when a literal word-for-word translation is not in the best interest of the reader and could convey a meaning contrary to the original.

As we have established throughout this book, but have not stated directly, no two languages are exactly equivalent in grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure.

Ephesians 4:14 Updated American Standard Version (UASV

 14 So that we may no longer be children, tossed to and fro by the waves and carried about by every wind of teaching, by the trickery [lit., dice playing] of men, by craftiness with regard to the scheming of deceit;

The Greek word kybeia that is usually rendered “craftiness” or “trickery,” is literally “dice-playing,” which refers to the practice of cheating others when playing dice. If it was rendered literally, “carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery dice-playing of men,” the meaning would be lost. Therefore, the meaning of what the original author meant by his use of the Greek word kybeia, must be the translator’s choice.

Romans 12:11 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

11 Do not be slothful in zeal,[3] be fervent in spirit, serving the Lord;

When Paul wrote the Romans, he used the Greek word zeontes, which literally means, “boil,” “seethe,” or “fiery hot.” Some serious Bible students may notice the thought of “boiling in spirit,” as being “fervent in spirit or better “aglow with the spirit,” or “keep your spiritual fervor.” Therefore, for the sake of making sense, it is best to take the literal “boiling in spirit,” determine what is meant by the author’s use of the Greek word zeontes, “keep your spiritual fervor”, and render it thus.

Matthew 5:3 New International Version, ©2011 (NIV)

   3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

Matthew 5:3 GOD’S WORD Translation (GW)

   3“Blessed are those who [are poor in spirit] recognize they are spiritually helpless. The kingdom of heaven belongs to them.

This one is a tough call. The phrase “poor in spirit” carries so much history, and has been written as to what it means, for almost 2,000 years that, even the dynamic equivalent translations are unwilling to translate its meaning, not its words. Personally, this writer is in favor of the literal translation of “poor in spirit.” Those who claim to be literal translators should not back away because “poor in spirit” is ambiguous, and there is a variety of interpretations. The above dynamic equivalent translation, God’s Word, has come closest to what was meant. Actually, “poor” is even somewhat of an interpretation, because the Greek word ptochos means “beggar.” Therefore, “poor in spirit” is an interpretation of “beggar in spirit.” The extended interpretation is that the “beggar/poor in spirit” is aware of his or her spiritual needs as if a beggar or the poor would be aware of their physical needs.

As we have also established in this chapter a word’s meaning can be different, depending on the context that it was used.

2 Samuel 8:3 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

 3 Then David struck down Hadadezer, the son of Rehob king of Zobah, as he went to restore his authority [lit. hand] at the River.

1 Kings 10:13 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

 13 King Solomon gave to the queen of Sheba all her desire which she requested, besides what he gave her according to his royal bounty [li. hand]. Then she turned and went to her own land, she together with her servants.

Proverbs 18:21 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

21 Death and life are in the power [lit. hand] of the tongue, and those who love it will eat its fruits.

The English word “hand” has no meaning outside of its context. It could mean, “end of the arm,” “pointer on a clock,” “card players,” “round in a card game,” “part in doing something,” “round of applause,” “member of a ship’s crew,” or “worker.” The Hebrew word “yad,” which means “hand,” has many meanings as well, depending on the context, as it can mean “control,” “bounty,” or “power.” This one word is translated in more than forty different ways in some translations. Let us look at some English sentences, to see the literal way of using “hand,” and then add what it means, as a new sentence.

Please give a big hand to our next contestant. Please give a big applause for our next contestant.

Your future is in your own hands. Your future is in your own power. Your future is in your own possession.

Attention, all hands! Attention, all ship’s crew!

She has a good hand for gardening. She has a good ability or skill for gardening.

Please give me a hand, I need some help.

The copperplate writing was beautifully written; she has a nice hand.

At times, even a literal translation committee will not render a word the same every time it occurs, because the sense is not the same every time. The only problem we have is that the reader must now be dependent on the judgment of the translator to select the right word(s) that reflect the meaning of the original language word accurately and understandably. Let us look at the above texts from the Hebrew Old Testament again, this time doing what we did with the English word “hand” in the above. It is debatable if any of these verses really needed to be more explicit, by giving the meaning in the translation, as opposed to the word itself.

2 Samuel 8:3: who went to restore his hand at the Euphrates River – who went to restore his control at the Euphrates River

1 Kings 10:13: she asked besides what was given her by the hand of King Solomon – she asked besides what was given her by the bounty of King Solomon

Proverbs 18:21: Death and life are in the hand of the tongue – Death and life are in the power of the tongue

We can look to one example translation, who touts the fact that it is a literal translation, i.e., the English Standard Version (ESV). In fact, it waters that concept down by qualifying its literalness, saying that it is an essentially literal translation. Essentially means being the most basic element or feature of something. In this case, the ESV is the most basic element or feature of a literal translation. In the course of 13 years of using the ESV, this author has discovered that it unnecessarily abandons its literal translation philosophy quite regularly. Dr. William Mounce was the head of the translation committee that produced the ESV, and he leans toward or favors the dynamic equivalent translation philosophy. He has since left the ESV committee and has become the head of the New International Version committee, which is being more and more of a dynamic equivalent, with each new edition. This is not to say that the ESV is not a splendid translation because it is.

Dynamic Equivalent Translation

Translators who produce what are frequently referred to as free translations, take liberties with the text as presented in the original languages. How so? They either insert their opinion of what the original text could mean or omit some of the information contained in the original text. Dynamic equivalent translations may be appealing because they are easy to read. However, their very freeness at times obscures or changes the meaning of the original text.

Ecclesiastes 9:8 (NLT)

8 Wear fine clothes, with a splash of cologne!

Ecclesiastes 9:8 (CEV)

8 Dress up, comb your hair, and look your best.

Ecclesiastes 9:8 (GNT)

8 Always look happy and cheerful.

Ecclesiastes 9:8 (NCV)

8 Put on nice clothes and make yourself look good.

First, the above dynamic equivalents do not even agree with each other. What does Ecclesiastes 9:8 really say.

Ecclesiastes 9:8 (NASB)

8Let your clothes be white all the time, and let not oil be lacking on your head.

Ecclesiastes 9:8 (ESV)

8 Let your garments be always white. Let not oil be lacking on your head.

Ecclesiastes 9:8 (UASV)

8 Let your garments be always white, and let not your head lack oil.

Ecclesiastes 9:8 (HCSB)  8 Let your clothes be white all the time, and never let oil be lacking on your head.

What does the metaphorical language of “white garments” and “oil on your head” symbolize? Does “white garments” mean to “wear fine clothes,” “dress up,” “look happy,” or “put on nice clothes”? In addition, does “oil on your head” mean “a splash of cologne,” “comb your hair” or “make yourself look good”? Duane Garrett says, “Wearing white clothes and anointing the hair (v. 8) symbolize joy and contrast with the familiar use of sackcloth and ashes as a sign of mourning or repentance.”[4] Let us also look at an exegetical commentary as well as a book on Bible backgrounds.

John Peter Lange et al., A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Ecclesiastes

White garments are the expression of festive joy and pure, calm feelings in the soul, comp. Rev. 3:4 f.; 7:9 ff. Koheleth could hardly have meant a literal observance of this precept, so that the conduct of Sisinnius, Novatian bishop of Constantinople, who, with reference to this passage, always went in white garments, was very properly censured by Chrysostom as Pharisaical and proud. Hengstenberg’s view is arbitrary, and in other respects scarcely corresponds to the sense of the author: “White garments are here to be put on as an expression of the confident hope of the future glory of the people of God, as Spener had himself buried in a white coffin as a sign of his hope in a better future of the Church.”

And let thy head lack no ointment. As in 2 Sam. 12:20; 14:2; Isa. 61:3; Amos 6:6; Prov. 27:9; Ps. 45:8, so here appears the anointing oil, which keeps the hair smooth and makes the face to shine, as a symbol of festive joy, and a contrast to a sorrowing disposition. There is no reason here for supposing fragrant spikenard (Mark 14:2), because the question is mainly about producing a good appearance by means of the ointment, comp. Ps. 133:2. Ver. 9.[5]

James M. Freeman and Harold J. Chadwick, Manners & Customs of the Bible

In any area with strong sunlight, white clothing is preferred because white reflects the sunlight and so decreases the heating effect of it. In addition, white garments in the East were symbols of purity, and so were worn on certain special occasions. The symbols and custom were adopted by the West and is reflected especially in the wedding ceremony. The oil was symbolic of joy. Together they signified purity and the joy of festive occasions.

In the Bible there are several references to white garments symbolizing purity, righteousness, or holiness. In Daniel 7:9, the clothing worn by the “Ancient of Days … was as white as snow.” When Jesus was transfigured, “his clothes became as white as the light” (Matthew 17:2). The angels appeared in white robes when they appeared to the soldiers guarding Jesus’ tomb and when the women went to the tomb after He had risen (Matthew 28:3, Mark 16:5, Luke 24:4, and John 20:12), and also when Christ ascended into heaven (Acts 1:10). In the ages to come, the redeemed will be clothed in white (Revelation 7:13 and 19:14).[6]

We can see that the three sources interpret the metaphorical language of “white garments” and “oil on your head” as purity and joy. Would we get this by way of the four dynamic equivalents in the above? Would “Wear fine clothes, with a splash of cologne” (NLT) get us to the correct meaning? We should not replace metaphorical language because we feel it is too difficult for the reader to understand. They should buy out the time, just as this writer has done, by going to commentaries, word study books, and Bible background books. Let us look at one more informative Bible background book,

9:8. clothed in white. Scholars have understood the color white to symbolize purity, festivity or elevated social status. In both Egypt Story of Sinuhe) and Mesopotamia (Epic of Gilgamesh) clean or bright garments conveyed a sense of well-being. Moreover, the hot Middle-Eastern climate favors the wearing of white clothes to reflect the heat.

9.8. anointed head. Oil preserved the complexion in the hot Middle Eastern climate. Both the Egyptian Song of the Harper and the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh described individuals clothed in fine linen and with myrrh on their head. (Walton, Matthews and Chavalas 2000, p. 574)

As we are about to take up the subject of the paraphrase, let us consider the above Ecclesiastes 9:8 and the surrounding verses in a paraphrase.

Ecclesiastes 9:8 (The Message)

 7-10 Seize life! Eat bread with gusto, Drink wine with a robust heart. Oh yes, God takes pleasure in your pleasure! Dress festively every morning. Don’t skimp on colors and scarves. Relish life with the spouse you love Each and every day of your precarious life. Each day is God’s gift. It’s all you get in exchange For the hard work of staying alive. Make the most of each one! Whatever turns up, grab it and do it. And heartily! This is your last and only chance at it, For there’s neither work to do nor thoughts to think In the company of the dead, where you’re most certainly headed.

Paraphrase Translation

A paraphrase is “a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form.”[7] The highest priority and characteristic is the rephrasing and simplification. Whatever has been said in the above about the dynamic equivalent can be magnified a thousand fold herein. The best way to express the level this translation will be to go to a paraphrase and set it side-by-side with the dynamic equivalent and literal translations. Below we have done that, i.e., Isaiah 1:1-17. It is recommended that we read verses 1-4 in the Message Bible, then in the New Living Translation, and then in the English Standard Version. Thereafter, read verses 5-9 in the same manner, followed by verses 10-12, and 13-17. This way we will taste the flavor of each with just a small bit at a time, so you do not lose the sense of the previous one by too much reading.

Isaiah 1:1-17 The Message (MSG)

1The vision that Isaiah son of Amoz saw regarding Judah and Jerusalem during the times of the kings of Judah: Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. 2-4Heaven and earth, you’re the jury. Listen to God’s case: “I had children and raised them well, and they turned on me. The ox knows who’s boss, the mule knows the hand that feeds him, But not Israel. My people don’t know up from down. Shame! Misguided God-dropouts, staggering under their guilt-baggage, Gang of miscreants, band of vandals— My people have walked out on me, their God, turned their backs on The Holy of Israel, walked off and never looked back.

5-9“Why bother even trying to do anything with you when you just keep to your bullheaded ways? You keep beating your heads against brick walls. Everything within you protests against you. From the bottom of your feet to the top of your head, nothing’s working right. Wounds and bruises and running sores— untended, unwashed, unbandaged. Your country is laid waste, your cities burned down. Your land is destroyed by outsiders while you watch, reduced to rubble by barbarians. Daughter Zion is deserted— like a tumbledown shack on a dead-end street, Like a tarpaper shanty on the wrong side of the tracks, like a sinking ship abandoned by the rats. If God-of-the-Angel-Armies hadn’t left us a few survivors, we’d be as desolate as Sodom, doomed just like Gomorrah.

10“Listen to my Message, you Sodom-schooled leaders. Receive God’s revelation, you Gomorrah-schooled people.

11-12“Why this frenzy of sacrifices?” God’s asking. “Don’t you think I’ve had my fill of burnt sacrifices, rams and plump grain-fed calves? Don’t you think I’ve had my fill of blood from bulls, lambs, and goats? When you come before me, whoever gave you the idea of acting like this, Running here and there, doing this and that— all this sheer commotion in the place provided for worship?

13-17“Quit your worship charades. I can’t stand your trivial religious games: Monthly conferences, weekly Sabbaths, special meetings— meetings, meetings, meetings—I can’t stand one more! Meetings for this, meetings for that. I hate them! You’ve worn me out! I’m sick of your religion, religion, religion, while you go right on sinning. When you put on your next prayer-performance, I’ll be looking the other way. No matter how long or loud or often you pray, I’ll not be listening. And do you know why? Because you’ve been tearing people to pieces, and your hands are bloody. Go home and wash up. Clean up your act. Sweep your lives clean of your evildoings so I don’t have to look at them any longer. Say no to wrong. Learn to do good. Work for justice. Help the down-and-out. Stand up for the homeless. Go to bat for the defenseless.

        Isaiah 1:1-17 New Living Translation (NLT)

1 These are the visions that Isaiah son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. He saw these visions during the years when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah.

2 Listen, O heavens! Pay attention, earth! This is what the Lord says: “The children I raised and cared for have rebelled against me. 3 Even an ox knows its owner, and a donkey recognizes its master’s care— but Israel doesn’t know its master. My people don’t recognize my care for them.” 4 Oh, what a sinful nation they are— loaded down with a burden of guilt. They are evil people, corrupt children who have rejected the Lord. They have despised the Holy One of Israel and turned their backs on him.

5 Why do you continue to invite punishment? Must you rebel forever? Your head is injured, and your heart is sick. 6 You are battered from head to foot— covered with bruises, welts, and infected wounds— without any soothing ointments or bandages. 7 Your country lies in ruins, and your towns are burned. Foreigners plunder your fields before your eyes and destroy everything they see. 8 Beautiful Jerusalem stands abandoned like a watchman’s shelter in a vineyard, like a lean-to in a cucumber field after the harvest, like a helpless city under siege. 9 If the Lord of Heaven’s Armies had not spared a few of us, we would have been wiped out like Sodom, destroyed like Gomorrah.

10 Listen to the Lord, you leaders of “Sodom.” Listen to the law of our God, people of “Gomorrah.” 11 “What makes you think I want all your sacrifices?” says the Lord. “I am sick of your burnt offerings of rams and the fat of fattened cattle. I get no pleasure from the blood of bulls and lambs and goats. 12 When you come to worship me, who asked you to parade through my courts with all your ceremony? 13 Stop bringing me your meaningless gifts; the incense of your offerings disgusts me! As for your celebrations of the new moon and the Sabbath and your special days for fasting— they are all sinful and false. I want no more of your pious meetings. 14 I hate your new moon celebrations and your annual festivals. They are a burden to me. I cannot stand them! 15 When you lift up your hands in prayer, I will not look. Though you offer many prayers, I will not listen, for your hands are covered with the blood of innocent victims. 16 Wash yourselves and be clean! Get your sins out of my sight. Give up your evil ways. 17 Learn to do good. Seek justice. Help the oppressed. Defend the cause of orphans. Fight for the rights of widows.

        Isaiah 1:1-17 English Standard Version (ESV)

1 The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

The Wickedness of Judah

2 Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth; for Jehovah has spoken: “Sons I have brought up and raised, but they have revolted against me. 3 An ox knows its owner, and the donkey its master’s manger, but Israel does not know, my people do not understand.”

4 Woe to the sinful nation, a people weighed down with error, brood of wicked men, sons who act corruptly! They have abandoned Jehovah, they have despised the Holy One of Israel, they have turned their backs on him.

5 Where will you be stricken again, as you continue in your rebellion?? The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint. 6 From the sole of the foot even to the head, there is no soundness in it, but bruises and sores and raw wounds; they are not pressed out or bound up or softened with oil.

7 Your land is desolate; your cities are burned with fire; in your very presence foreigners devour your land; it is desolate, as overthrown by foreigners. 8 And the daughter of Zion is left like a shelter in a vineyard, like a hut in a cucumber field, like a city besieged.

9 Unless Jehovah of armies had left us a few survivors, we would be like Sodom, we would have become like Gomorrah.

10 Hear the word of Jehovah, you rulers of Sodom! Give ear to the law[1] of our God, you people of Gomorrah! 11 “What are your many sacrifices to me? says Jehovah; I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams and the fat of well-fed animals; I do not delight in the blood of bulls, or of lambs, or of goats.

12 “When you come to appear before me, who has required of you, this trampling of my courts? 13 Bring no more vain offerings; incense is an abomination to me. New moon and Sabbath and the calling of assemblies — I cannot endure iniquity[2] and solemn assembly. 14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hates; they have become a burden to me; I am weary of bearing them. 15 When you spread out your hands, I will hide my eyes from you; yes, even though you make many prayers, I will not listen. Your hands are full[3] of blood. 16 Wash yourselves; make yourselves clean; remove the evil of your deeds from before my eyes; cease to do evil, 17  learn to do good; seek justice, correct the oppresor; bring justice to the fatherless, plead for the widow.

[1] Or teaching or instruction

[2] Isaiah’s use of (ʾāwen) may designate magic or idolatrous ritual, or evil caused by the misuse of power.

[3] Or covered with

  Literal Contrasted With Dynamic Equivalent

In short, the dynamic equivalent translator seeks to render the biblical meaning of the original language text as accurately as possible into an English informal (conversational) equivalent. Alternatively, the literal translation seeks to render the original language words and style into a corresponding English word and style.

Again, there are two major divisions in translation philosophy. We have the word-for-word and the thought-for-thought. A literal translation is one-step removed from the original, and something is always lost or gained, because there will never be 100 percent equivalent transference from one language to the next. A thought-for-thought translation is one more step removed than the literal translation in many cases and can block the sense of the original entirely.  A thought-for-thought translation slants the text in a particular direction, cutting off other options and nuances.

A literal word-for-word translation makes every effort to represent accurately the authority, power, vitality and directness of the original Hebrew and Greek Scriptures and to transfer these characteristics in modern English. The literal translations have the goal of producing as literal a translation as possible where the modern-English idiom permits and where a literal rendering does not conceal the thought. Again, there are times when the literal rendering would be unintelligible, and so one must interpret what the author meant by the words that he used.

Literal Translation Dynamic Equivalent Focuses on form Focuses on meaning Emphasizes source language Emphasizes receptor language Translates what was said Translates what was meant Presumes original context Presumes contemporary context Retains ambiguities Removes ambiguities Minimizes interpretative bias Enhances interpretative bias Valuable for serious Bible study Valuable for commentary use Awkward receptor language style Natural receptor language style

The alteration of one word can remove an enormous amount of meaning from the Word of God. Let us consider 1 Kings 2:10 as an example.

Literal Translation Dynamic Equivalent 1 Kings 2:10 (ESV)

10 Then David slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David.

1 Kings 2:10 (GNT)

10 David died and was buried in David’s City.

1 Kings 2:10 (ASV)

10 And David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David.

1 Kings 2:10 (NLT)

10 Then David died and was buried with his ancestors in the City of David.

1 Kings 2:10 (NASB)

10 Then David slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David.

1 Kings 2:10 (GW)

10 David lay down in death with his ancestors and was buried in the City of David.

1 Kings 2:10 (UASV)

10 Then David slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David.

1 Kings 2:10 (NIRV)

10 David joined the members of his family who had already died. His body was buried in the City of David.

1 Kings 2:10 (RSV)

10 Then David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David.

1 Kings 2:10 (NCV)

10 Then David died and was buried with his ancestors in Jerusalem.

One could conclude that the (dynamic equivalent) thought-for-thought translations are conveying the idea in a more clear and immediate way, but is this really the case? There are three points that are missing from the thought-for-thought translation:

 In the scriptures, “sleep” is used metaphorically as death, also inferring a temporary state where one will wake again, or be resurrected.  That idea is lost in the thought-for-thought translation. (Ps 13:3; John 11:11-14; Ac 7:60; 1Co 7:39; 15:51; 1Th 4:13)

Sleeping with or lying down with his father also conveys the idea of having closed his life and having found favor in God’s eyes as did his forefathers.

When we leave out some of the words from the original, we also leave out the possibility of more meaning being drawn from the text.  Missing is the word shakab (“to lie down” or “to sleep”), ’im (“with”) and ‘ab in the plural (“forefathers”). Below are verses that enhance our understanding of death, by way of sleep, as being temporary for those who will be awakened by a resurrection.

 Psalm 13:3 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

3 Consider and answer me, Jehovah my God; give light to my eyes lest I sleep the sleep of death,

John 11:11-14 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

11 After saying these things, he said to them, “Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, but I go to awaken him.” 12 The disciples said to him, “Lord, if he has fallen asleep, he will get well.” 13 Now Jesus had spoken of his death, but they thought that he meant taking rest in sleep. 14 Then Jesus told them plainly, “Lazarus has died,

Acts 7:60 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

60 Then falling on his knees, he cried out with a loud voice, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them!” Having said this, he fell asleep.[8]

1 Corinthians 7:39 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

39 A wife is bound for so long time as her husband is alive. But if her husband should fall asleep (koimethe) [in death], she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord.[9]

1 Corinthians 15:51 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

51 Behold, I tell you a mystery; we will not all sleep, but we will all be changed,

1 Thessalonians 4:13 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

13 But we do not want you to be ignorant,[10] brothers, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve as do the rest who have no hope.

Those who argue for a though-for-thought translation will say the literal translation “slept” or “lay down” is no longer a way of expressing death in the modern English-speaking world.  While this may be true to some extent, the context of chapter two, verse 1: “when David was about to die” and the latter half of 2:10: “was buried in the city of David” resolves that issue.  Moreover, while the reader may have to meditate a little longer, or indulge him/herself in the culture of different Biblical times, they will not be deprived of the full potential that a verse has to convey. (Grudem, et al. 2005, pp. 20-21)

A Word of Caution

The dynamic equivalent and paraphrase can and does obscure things from the reader by overreaching in their translations. This can be demonstrated on the moral standards found in 1 Corinthians 6:9-10.

1 Corinthians 6:9-10 The Message

 9-10 Don’t you realize that this is not the way to live? Unjust people who don’t care about God will not be joining in his kingdom. Those who use and abuse each other, use and abuse sex, use and abuse the earth and everything in it, don’t qualify as citizens in God’s kingdom.

1 Corinthians 6:9-10 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

 9 Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men of passive homosexual acts, nor men of active homosexual acts,[11] 10 nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.

If you compare the MSG with the UASV, you will notice that the MSG does not even list the specifics defined by the apostle Paul on precisely what kind of conduct we should shun.

Matthew 7:13 Today’s English Version (TEV)

 13“Go in through the narrow gate, because the gate to hell is wide and the road that leads to it is easy, and there are many who travel it.

Matthew 7:13 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

 13 “Enter through the narrow gate; for the gate is wide and the way is broad that leads to destruction, and there are many who enter through it.

The Greek word apōleian means “destruction,” “waste,” “annihilation,” “ruin.” Therefore, one has to ask, ‘why did the TEV translation committee render it “hell”? It has all the earmarks of theological bias. The translation committee is looking to promote the doctrine of eternal torment, not destruction. The objective of the translator is to render it the way that it should be rendered. If it supports a certain doctrine, this should be accepted, if not, then this should be accepted as well. The policy is that God does not need an overzealous translator to convey his doctrinal message.

Literal Dynamic Equivalent Dynamic Equivalent 1 Corinthians 11:10 (UASV)

10 This is why the woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels.

1 Corinthians 11:10 (GNT)

10 On account of the angels, then, a woman should have a covering over her head to show that she is under her husband’s authority.

1 Corinthians 11:10 (CEV)

10 And so, because of this, and also because of the angels, a woman ought to wear something on her head, as a sign of her authority.

As we can see, the English lexical glosses of the interlinear are literally carried over into the Source Language word for word, keeping the exact form. This is called a gloss in the world of the Bible translator. While this does not convey much meaning to the average English reader, it does to one who has studied Biblical Greek. However, the Bible student would have a literal translation as a study Bible. The literal translation, as you can see, will keep the form as far as is possible, as well as the wording. The Dynamic Equivalent advocates will argue that this does not sound natural. Well, for those that want the Word of God in its undiluted form, as accurately as possible, we will accept a little unnatural sounding at times. Soon, we will see the danger of going beyond translation into interpretation.

Our literal translation contains ambiguity. Is the writer talking about women or wives? Is the woman to have her own authority, or is something or someone else to have authority over her? This is just fine, because it ambiguity has many benefits, as you will see. First, as a quick aside, the work of interpretation will weed out those pseudo-Christians, who do not want to put any effort into their relationship with God, who do not want to buy out the time to understand. Now, the reader has the right to determine for himself or herself which is the correct interpretation. The translator should not steal this right from them, for the translator or the translation committee, could be wrong, and life or death may be uncertain.

Seeing two dynamic equivalents side-by-side helps you to see that they have arrived at two different conclusions and both cannot be right. The Today’s English Version believes that the “woman” here is really the “wife,” as it refers to the “husband.” It also believes that the wife is to be under the husband’s authority. On the other hand, the Contemporary English Version does not commit to the argument of “woman” versus “wife,” but does understand the verse to mean the woman has her own authority. She has the authority to act as she feels she should, as long as she wears something as a sign of this.

A good translation will do the following:

Accurately render the original language words and style into the corresponding English word and style that were inspired by God.

Translate the meaning of words literally, when the wording and construction of the original text allow for such a rendering in the target language.

Transfer the correct meaning (sense) of a word or a phrase when a literal rendering of the original-language word or a phrase would garble or obscure the meaning.

After considering, the objectives of the first three points, as far as possible, use natural, easy-to-understand language that inspires reading.

Are there such translations available on the market? Yes, the author recommends that you use the NASB Zondervan Study Bible by Kenneth L. Barker, Donald W. Burdick, John H. Stek and Walter W. Wessel (Jan 6, 2000), as your primary study Bible. Of course, you should consider other literal translations as time permits. In addition, use the dynamic equivalents as mini-commentaries, as that is what they are.

  [1] Kurt Aland et al., The Greek New Testament, Fourth Revised Edition (Interlinear with Morphology) (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993; 2006), Jn 3:7.

[2] Edward Andrews et al., The Updated American Standard Version (Christian Publishing House, 2014; 2018), Jn 3:7.

[3] Or diligent

[4] Duane A. Garrett, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, vol. 14, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1993), 331.

[5] John Peter Lange et al., A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Ecclesiastes (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2008), 126.

[6] James M. Freeman and Harold J. Chadwick, Manners & Customs of the Bible (North Brunswick, NJ: Bridge-Logos Publishers, 1998), 338.

[7] Inc Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary., Eleventh ed. (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2003).

[8] I.e. died

[9] The ASV, ESV, NASB, and other literal translation do not hold true to their literal translation philosophy here. This does not bode well in their claim that literal is the best policy. We are speaking primarily to the ESV translators, who make this claim in numerous books.

[10] Or uninformed

[11] The two Greek terms refer to passive men partners and active men partners in consensual homosexual acts

Bible Translation Philosophy The debate as to where one should be in the spectrum of literal versus dynamic equivalent, i.e., their translation philosophy has been going on since the first translation of the Hebrew (Aramaic) into Greek, i.e., the Septuagint (280-150 B.C.E.).

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Bible Atlas. An atlas consists of far more than detailed maps. It also describes the geography and areas on the Bible, usually with fascinating illustrations and archeological aspects.

These days many Bible research means are available on the internet for free of charge, such as Crosswalk Bible Study Equipment (bible.crosswalk.com). You are able to also invest in exceptional Bible research computer software to your computer. If you need information on Bible research books, inquire your pastor or perhaps the manager of the Christian bookstore.

If you have been to request a carpenter to construct a home with hand applications he could in all probability do it. But with electricity equipment the task will go much more immediately to ensure the carpenter should have time and energy to spend about the aspects. Bible analyze books are tools that support slice time you'll need commit on Bible learning, in order to reach the definitely important matters of your research -- looking for right after God himself.

Get to know more about Vimeo Channel For No Greater Joy

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NIV Bible App +

https://www.quanrel.com/niv-bible-app/ NIV Bible App + - https://www.quanrel.com/niv-bible-app/ Studying the Bible shouldn’t be hard. NIV Bible by Olive Tree equips you with easy-to-use Bible study tools and resources so you can stop skimming Scripture and get answers—for free. Here are 4 ways you’ll be set-up for studying God’s Word: 1) NO WIFI That’s right, you don’t need a WiFi connection to access your Bible, audio Bible, or any other Bible study tools. You could be in the middle of the Amazon or on top of Mt. Everest. If your phone is working, so is your offline Bible app. 2) MORE THAN JUST A BIBLE God has been speaking to His people, through His people, for thousands of years… and that takes some research to understand! This is why we provide 1000s of resources to help you go deeper into God’s Word—because studying the Holy Bible shouldn’t be hard. And when we say “resources,” we mean: -AUDIO BIBLES -DAILY READING PLANS -DEVOTIONALS -BIBLE MAPS -STUDY BIBLES -COMMENTARIES -EBOOKS -CHRISTIAN AUDIO BOOKS -GREEK & HEBREW TOOLS -AND SO MUCH MORE 3) TECH + DESIGN Not only do we implement unique features into our app, but we do it with style. Our favorite is the split-screen window: The Study Center. You can use the Resource Guide tab to access any of the resources available in our app and read them right alongside the Bible of your choice. It even does all the hard work of tracking with you, verse by verse. Studying the Bible just became the easiest it has ever been. 4) CUSTOMIZE YOUR BIBLE Want more highlighter options? That’s fine! Pick your own color, thickness, and change it to underline instead. Have trouble reading small print? Increase the font size! Reading at night? Change the theme to be easier on your eyes. Want to listen safely while you drive? Turn on drive mode! You can save your favorite passages, drop a book ribbon, create a note, add tags, and sign up to receive a daily Bible verse. Best part? Your highlights, notes, and resources sync between all your devices. BIBLE TRANSLATIONS If you’re wondering about our different English translations, this app comes with NIV, ESV, KJV, NKJV and more. Speak a different language? No problem! We have Bibles in Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, French, and others. We also have other popular translations available for in-app purchase! Here are a few: -The Message (MSG) -New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) -New Living Translation (NLT) -The Passion Translation -Christian Standard Bible (CSB) -New American Standard Bible (NASB) FREE STUFF Our passion is inspiring you to connect with God and His Word through technology. Not only is this a free Bible app, but we also have 100s of free resources—all day, every day. INEXPENSIVE BIBLICAL RESOURCES YOU CAN TAKE WITH YOU There’s no need to spend lots of money on paper resources that sit on a shelf. By investing in digital resources, you will be able to get the answers you need wherever you are—even offline. Stop flipping pages aimlessly and get Bible study tools that do the hardest work for you! We have all your favorite Bible study tools and resources available for purchase. Here’s a few: AUDIO BIBLES -NIV Listener’s Audio Bible -KJV Listener’s Audio Bible -NKJV Word of Promise Audio Bible -ESV Hear the Word Audio Bible -Passion Translation Audio Bible STUDY BIBLES -ESV Study Bible -NLT Study Bible -NIV Study Bible -NKJV Study Bible -Life Application Study Bible WORD STUDY BIBLES WITH STRONG’S NUMBERS -Just tap to quickly read definitions of words in the Bible’s original languages COMMENTARIES & STUDY TOOLS -Vine’s Expository Dictionary -Olive Tree Bible Maps -Bible Knowledge Commentary -Zondervan Atlas of the Bible CHRISTIAN AUDIO BOOKS Listen to Christian Audio Books by bestselling Christian authors INTERLINEAR BIBLES -Easily compare the original languages of the Bible HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS -Read through the life of Jesus chronologically, available in several translations ORIGINAL LANGUAGE BIBLES -Greek New Testament: NA28, UBS-5 -Hebrew Old Testament: BHS -Greek Old Testament: Septuagint (LXX) By HarperCollins Christian Publishing, Inc. Find out more

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Bible †

https://www.quanrel.com/bible-%e2%80%a0/ Bible † - https://www.quanrel.com/bible-%e2%80%a0/ Studying the Bible shouldn’t be hard. Bible by Olive Tree equips you with easy-to-use Bible study tools and resources so you can stop skimming Scripture and get answers—for free. Here are 4 ways you’ll be set-up for studying God’s Word: 1) NO WIFI That’s right, you don’t need a WiFi connection to access your Bible, audio Bible, or any other Bible study tools. You could be in the middle of the Amazon or on top of Mt. Everest. If your phone is working, so is your offline Bible app. 2) MORE THAN JUST A BIBLE God has been speaking to His people, through His people, for thousands of years… and that takes some research to understand! This is why we provide 1000s of resources to help you go deeper into God’s Word—because studying the Holy Bible shouldn’t be hard. And when we say “resources,” we mean: -AUDIO BIBLES -DAILY READING PLANS -DEVOTIONALS -BIBLE MAPS -STUDY BIBLES -COMMENTARIES -EBOOKS -CHRISTIAN AUDIO BOOKS -GREEK & HEBREW TOOLS -AND SO MUCH MORE 3) TECH + DESIGN Not only do we implement unique features into our app, but we do it with style. Our favorite is the split-screen window: The Study Center. You can use the Resource Guide tab to access any of the resources available in our app and read them right alongside the Bible of your choice. It even does all the hard work of tracking with you, verse by verse. Studying the Bible just became the easiest it has ever been. 4) CUSTOMIZE YOUR BIBLE Want more highlighter options? That’s fine! Pick your own color, thickness, and change it to underline instead. Have trouble reading small print? Increase the font size! Reading at night? Change the theme to be easier on your eyes. Want to listen safely while you drive? Turn on drive mode! You can save your favorite passages, drop a book ribbon, create a note, add tags, and sign up to receive a daily Bible verse. Best part? Your highlights, notes, and resources sync between all your devices. BIBLE TRANSLATIONS If you’re wondering about our different English translations, this app comes with NIV, ESV, KJV, NKJV and more. Speak a different language? No problem! We have Bibles in Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, French, and others. We also have other popular translations available for in-app purchase! Here are a few: -The Message (MSG) -New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) -New Living Translation (NLT) -The Passion Translation -Christian Standard Bible (CSB) -New American Standard Bible (NASB) FREE STUFF Our passion is inspiring you to connect with God and His Word through technology. Not only is this a free Bible app, but we also have 100s of free resources—all day, every day. INEXPENSIVE BIBLICAL RESOURCES YOU CAN TAKE WITH YOU There’s no need to spend lots of money on paper resources that sit on a shelf. By investing in digital resources, you will be able to get the answers you need wherever you are—even offline. Stop flipping pages aimlessly and get Bible study tools that do the hardest work for you! We have all your favorite Bible study tools and resources available for purchase. Here’s a few: AUDIO BIBLES -NIV Listener’s Audio Bible -KJV Listener’s Audio Bible -NKJV Word of Promise Audio Bible -ESV Hear the Word Audio Bible -Passion Translation Audio Bible STUDY BIBLES -ESV Study Bible -NLT Study Bible -NIV Study Bible -NKJV Study Bible -Life Application Study Bible WORD STUDY BIBLES WITH STRONG’S NUMBERS -Just tap to quickly read definitions of words in the Bible’s original languages COMMENTARIES & STUDY TOOLS -Vine’s Expository Dictionary -Olive Tree Bible Maps -Bible Knowledge Commentary -Zondervan Atlas of the Bible CHRISTIAN AUDIO BOOKS Listen to Christian Audio Books by bestselling Christian authors INTERLINEAR BIBLES -Easily compare the original languages of the Bible HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS -Read through the life of Jesus chronologically, available in several translations ORIGINAL LANGUAGE BIBLES -Greek New Testament: NA28, UBS-5 -Hebrew Old Testament: BHS -Greek Old Testament: Septuagint (LXX) By HarperCollins Christian Publishing, Inc. Find out more