#Glutathione Levels

[bodyfocusclinic]

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant naturally produced by the body, playing a vital role in detoxification, immune function, and cellular repair. Those seeking alternative medicine in Rockford, Illinois, often turn to glutathione due to its ability to combat oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and enhance overall wellness.

[ultra-robkellermd]

Increase Glutathione Levels Up To 200%*

For more information about Increase Glutathione Levels Up To 200%* please visit https://robkellermd.com/original-glutathione-supplement.html

[allmystuff]

The Best Remedy For Eye Health Incredible Eye Supplement For Eye Health

[immunobiz]

Les niveaux de glutathion mesurés chez des personnes atteintes de la maladie de Parkinson en vie révèlent une diminution spectaculaire. Glutathione levels measured in living Parkinson’s Disease shows dramatic decrease. Los niveles de glutatión medidos en pacientes vivos con la enfermedad de Parkinson muestran una disminución dramática.

[ajahbesti]

Cari Bubuk Minuman GAFI PREMIUM, WA 0896-1282-1257

[nathanielaaron]

DETOX SUPPLEMENTS FOR VACCINE INJURED VICTIMS

🖲Magnesium — plays many crucial roles in the body, such as supporting muscle & nerve function and energy production.

🖲NAC — (a precursor to glutathione) provides a variety of protective antioxidant effects, block damages to DNA, strengthening all organs, including the brain — dissolves mucus, improves breathing & respiratory problems. NAC powers up the immune system, boosting antibodies, increasing glutathione, which fights disease & aging. NAC has been around for decades, proven to be very safe, with NO SIDE EFFECTS.

🖲Glutathione — is the body's most powerful antioxidant & counteracts the harmful effects of graphene oxide. Human bodies produce glutathione naturally but over as humans age & absorbs toxins, the production of it slows down. Children naturally have high glutathione levels. Glutathione is a body-specific antioxidant that cells need to function & survive. When you get sick, the level of glutathione can drop.

🖲Selenium — a trace element that is naturally present in many foods & available as a dietary supplement. Selenium, which is nutritionally essential for humans, is a constituent of more than two dozen selenoproteins that play critical roles in reproduction, thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis & protection from oxidative damage and infection.

🖲Quercetin — have significant capability to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 replication and multi-faceted anti-inflammatory and thrombin-inhibitory actions. 

🖲Vitamin D/C/A – promotes immune cell proliferation, stimulates antimicrobial peptides, cytokines and immune cell proliferation, enhances mucosal Integrity, antioxidant, protects healthy cells, activated immune cells, antiviral, coordinates cellular immune response.

🖲Zinc – essential for binding capacity & optimizing lethality of immune cells. Promotes antiviral enzyme blocking viral replication.

🖲Zeolite — has a strong attraction to many heavy metals including mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic. It also binds to & removes many chemicals like fluorine & chlorine, eliminating free radicals of all types, and it reverses acute chemical & allergic reactions, all without removing vital nutrients from the body. This makes it a maximum detoxifier.

🖲Pine Needle Tea, Fennel See, Star Anise — contains shikimic acid, high levels of antioxidants & DNA-protective properties.

🖲Dandelion Root —  blocks interaction between ACE2, spike protein & variants.

🖲Black Cumin Seed Oil — is natural alternative for Ivermectin. Nigella sativa has been used as traditional medicine for centuries. The oil from its seeds are effective against many diseases like cancer, cardiovascular complications, diabetes, asthma, kidney disease — also effective against cancer in blood system, lung, kidney, liver, prostate, breast, cervix & skin.

🖲Fulvic Acid & Shilajit — have long been used in traditional medicine & reduces inflammation and boost immunity. Fulvic acid has been well studied for its effects on immune health and inflammation. Improve disease resistance, increase your immune defenses, fight inflammation, chronic diseases & enhance antioxidant activity.

🖲Bio-Fibrin — is a proteolytic enzyme (a process known as proteolysis - help dissolve proteins. There are over 700 identified human enzymes, and each enzyme has a specific biochemical reaction involving a specific substance.

Activated Charcoal, Chlorophyll, Chlorella, Spirulina, Irish Sea Moss, C-60, Power Immunity, Infrared Sauna, Green Tea, Alkaline Water, Probiotics, Cinnamon & Raw Honey, Avocado, Garlic, Turmeric, Cilantro, Ginger, Cruciferous vegetables & leafy greens are also great detoxes for the body.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive

Background and objectives Severe COVID-19 pneumonia often requires high concentrations of oxygen, which can potentially lead to oxidative stress and lung injury. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different oxygen therapy modalities on oxidative stress by comparing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an oxidative stress marker, and glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant marker, in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods This study included 50 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who received oxygen therapy using a reservoir mask at ≥15 L/m, high-flow oxygen therapy at 60 L/m, or oxygen therapy with noninvasive mechanical ventilation at fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) levels of ≥60%. GSH and MDA levels were measured 48 h after starting oxygen therapy at FiO2 ≥ 60% and 48 h after switching to nasal cannula oxygen therapy at 2–4 L/m.

Results Overall, 60% (n = 30) of the patients were men, and 40% (n = 20) were women. In patients with accompanying hypertension, MDA levels, which were higher during oxygen therapy at FiO2 ≥ 60%, decreased significantly after switching to nasal cannula oxygen therapy at 2–4 L/m (p = 0.046). A significant difference in MDA was not found after switching to lower oxygen flow (p = 0.064) in patients with underlying diabetes mellitus. GSH levels in patients with underlying diabetes mellitus were higher during oxygen therapy at FiO2 ≥ 60% and decreased significantly after switching to nasal cannula oxygen therapy at 2–4 L/m (p = 0.021).

Conclusions This study compared MDA and GSH levels among patients receiving oxygen therapy at high and low concentrations for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The results revealed that patients who died of COVID-19 pneumonia had significantly higher mean MDA levels than those who survived. In patients with underlying HT, MDA levels, which were higher during oxygen therapy at FiO2 ≥ 60%, decreased during nasal oxygen therapy at 2–4 L/m; this difference was significant. The increase in serum MDA levels during high-flow oxygen therapy and the decrease during low-flow therapy in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia accompanied by hypertension suggest that oxidative stress due to hyperoxia should be taken into consideration.

Source: Xia & He Publishing Inc.

Journal reference: Özenç, S., et al. (2024). Relationship between Concentrations of Oxygen and Levels of Oxidative Stress in Patients Receiving Oxygen Therapy for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine. doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2024.00015.

Study link: www.xiahepublishing.com/2472-0712/ERHM-2024-00015

[sibtehassan]

MUSHROOM NUTRITION BENEFITS

Rich in Vitamins and Minerals:

Mushrooms are a nutritious addition to any diet, offering a range of health benefits. Here are some key nutritional advantages of eating mushrooms:

Vitamin D: Some mushrooms, especially when exposed to sunlight, are a good source of vitamin D, which is important for bone health, immune function, and calcium absorption.

B Vitamins: Mushrooms are high in B vitamins, including riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), and pantothenic acid (B5), which support energy metabolism, brain function, and the nervous system.

Minerals: Mushrooms provide essential minerals such as selenium (a powerful antioxidant), potassium (which helps with fluid balance and muscle function), and copper (important for red blood cell production).

High in Antioxidants:

Mushrooms contain antioxidants like ergothioneine and glutathione, which help protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

Low in Calories and Fat:

Mushrooms are low in calories, fat, and sodium, making them a great food choice for those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their intake of unhealthy fats.

Good Source of Fiber:

They contain dietary fiber, including beta-glucans, which can help support digestive health, regulate blood sugar, and lower cholesterol levels.

Boost Immune Health:

Mushrooms, especially varieties like shiitake, maitake, and reishi, are known for their immune-boosting properties, thanks to compounds like polysaccharides and beta-glucans.

Support Heart Health:

Due to their fiber, antioxidants, and ability to support healthy blood pressure (thanks to potassium), mushrooms can contribute to cardiovascular health.

Plant-based Protein:

Although not as high in protein as meat, mushrooms provide a decent amount of plant-based protein, which is beneficial for vegetarians and vegans.

Different mushroom varieties, such as shiitake, maitake, portobello, and button mushrooms, each offer unique benefits, but all can be an excellent addition to a balanced diet.

[helen0086]

Progress in the Study of the Protective Effect and Mechanism of C-phycocyanin on Liver Injury

Abstract: C-phycocyanin (C-phycocyanin) is a pigment-containing protein from marine algae that has shown promising results in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases and tumors. C-alpha-cyanobilin is a pigment-containing protein from marine algae that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases and tumors. C-alpha-cyanobilin has a protective effect on various liver diseases, such as drug-induced or toxic substance-induced liver damage, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. The protective effect of C-alginin on liver injury is mainly realized through the regulation of signaling pathways such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), and the inhibition of oxidative stress, etc., and is not toxic to normal cells. Therefore, C-alginin has a broad application prospect as a potential natural hepatoprotective marine active substance. In recent years, the research progress of the protective effect of C-alginin on liver injury and its mechanism is summarized.

 C-phycocyanin (C-phycocyanin) is a complex protein of cyanobacteria and a natural food protein pigment with pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, as well as fast-acting and low-toxicity, it can be used as a functional food [1-2]. C-Alginin can also enhance immunity and is safe, without causing acute and subacute toxic reactions [3]. Selenium-enriched PC has been shown to have stronger pharmacological effects [4]. Therefore, C-alginate has important research value both as a drug and a functional food, and has become a hot spot in the field of pharmaceutical research [5]. In this paper, we summarize the progress of research on the application and mechanism of C-alginin in liver diseases.

1 Ameliorative effect of C-phycocyanin on liver injury caused by drugs and toxic substances

The liver is the metabolic center of drugs and exogenous toxic substances, and metabolites are prone to liver injury. C-PC can inhibit the synthesis and release of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ, and increase the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which can inhibit hepatic inflammation and alleviate hepatic injury [3]. It has been found that C-PC can significantly prevent thioacetamide-induced liver injury, significantly reduce the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aliquot aminotransferase (AST), shorten the prothrombin time and reduce the hepatic histopathological damage, and improve the survival rate of rats with fulminant hepatic failure [6]. C-alginin also has a good effect on thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy, which can be seen in the reduction of tryptophan and lipid peroxidation indexes in different regions of the brain, and the enhancement of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rats with fulminant hepatic failure [6].

Another study found that C-alginin not only attenuates the oxidative stress induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene and reduces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals, but also inhibits the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene, thus inhibiting the expression of multidrug resistance genes [7]. Osman et al. [8] also showed that C-alginin could normalize the levels of ALT, AST, catalase, urea, creatinine, SOD and glutathione-s-transferase in the livers of rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This result was also verified in human liver cell line (L02) [9]. C-phycocyanin can effectively scavenge ROS and inhibit CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver [10], and C-PC can improve the antioxidant defense system and restore the structure of hepatocytes and hepatic enzymes in the liver of gibberellic acid-poisoned albino rats [11]. As a PC chromophore, phycocyanin can also significantly inhibit ROS generation and improve liver injury induced by a variety of drugs and toxic substances [10]. Liu et al. [12] found that phycocyanin showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in a CCl4-induced hepatic injury model in mice, which could significantly reduce the levels of ALT, AST, the expression of TNF-α and cytochrome C, increase the levels of albumin and SOD, and proliferate cytosolic nuclei. It can significantly reduce ALT and AST levels and the expression of TNF-α and cytochrome C, increase albumin levels and the expression of SOD and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, promote hepatocyte regeneration and improve the survival rate of mice with acute liver failure.

Gammoudi et al [13] used response surface method to optimize the extraction process of C-phycocyanin, and obtained high extraction recovery. C-phycocyanin extracted by the optimized method has the ability of scavenging hydroxyl, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radicals as well as the ability of metal chelating, and it has stronger antioxidant effect; C-PC significantly increased the activity of SOD and inhibited the increase of ALT, AST, and bilirubin in cadmium-poisoned rats. C-PC significantly increased the activity of SOD and inhibited the increase of ALT, AST and bilirubin in rats with cadmium poisoning. The above studies show that C-phycocyanin can effectively protect liver injury caused by drugs and toxic substances, and has the efficacy as the basis for drug development.

2 Preventive effect of C-alginin on hepatic fibrosis

Liver fibrosis is an inevitable process in the development of various chronic liver diseases and may be reversed with early and timely treatment. The key to liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Previous studies have found that low-dose C-alginin combined with soy isoflavones can inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation by inhibiting the activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase［14］, but it is not clear whether C-alginin alone can inhibit the activity of NADPH oxidase. Therefore, the combination of C-algin and soy isoflavones at appropriate doses may have a preventive effect on liver fibrosis in high-risk groups. C-alginin may inhibit the progression of NADPH by suppressing oxidative damage, thereby inhibiting the development of hepatic fibrosis [15].

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the key mechanisms contributing to the development of fibrotic diseases. C-alginin inhibits transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced human EMT [16]. Although the effect of C-alginin on EMT in hepatic fibrosis has not been reported, it has been found that C-alginin can reduce pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial mesenchymal transition [17]. Another study found that C-alginin could reduce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA in human dermal fibroblasts and alleviate fibrous contracture [18]. The results of these studies also have significance for the inhibition of hepatic fibrosis, and provide a theoretical basis for the further study of C-PC as a potential antifibrotic drug.

3 Protective effect of C-alginin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury is an important clinicopathophysiological phenomenon. It was found that the addition of two different doses (0.1 g/L and 0.2 g/L) of C-alginin to the Krebs Henseleit preservation solution significantly decreased hepatic ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase activities, and reduced the rate of lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde content in an isolated perfused rat liver model, and increased the activities of hepatic glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as sulfhydryl groups in hepatic tissue. On the other hand, it can increase the activities of hepatic glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase and the content of sulfhydryl groups in liver tissues, therefore, C-alginin can significantly reduce hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury as an antioxidant [19]. In isolated perfused mouse livers, it was found that C-alginin significantly reduced the phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells), attenuated cytotoxicity and inflammation induced by highly active Kupffer cells, and dose-dependently inhibited carbon phagocytosis and carbon-induced oxygen uptake by perfused livers, and then inhibited the increase of hepatic nitric oxide synthase activity induced by gonadotropins [20]. and thus inhibit the thyroid hormone-induced elevation of hepatic nitric oxide synthase activity [20].

However, C-alginin has a very short half-life in vivo, which limits its application in vivo. It was found that the use of polyethylene glycol-b-(polyglutamic acid-g-polyethyleneimine), a macromolecular material with good drug-carrying capacity and slow-release properties, as a nanocarrier of C-alginin could solve this problem, and the release of C-alginin could be delayed by subcutaneous injection into the abdominal region of rats, which could attenuate islet damage caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and enhance the function of the islets [21]. This study broadens the scope of application of C-alginin in vivo and improves the therapeutic effect of C-alginin.

4 Inhibitory effect of C-alginin on hepatocellular carcinoma

It was found that C-alginin significantly reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) mRNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 cells) [22]. C-alginin is a natural photosensitizer, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by alginin microcystin induced a large accumulation of ROS in HepG2 cells, which promoted mitochondrial damage and cytochrome C release, and led to apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells [23].

Liu et al. [24] used nanoscale C-alginate particles prepared by lactobionic acid grafting and adriamycin loading to enhance the growth inhibition of HepG2 cells when combined with chemo-PDT, and the C-alginate particles could effectively accumulate and diffuse in tumor multicellular spheres. In vitro and in vivo studies on the effects of selenium-enriched PCs on PDT in hepatocellular carcinoma showed that selenium-enriched PCs could migrate from lysosomes to mitochondria in a time-dependent manner, and that selenium-enriched PCs could induce the death of tumor cells through the generation of free radicals in vivo, increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes in vivo, induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and inhibit autophagy, thus offering a relatively safe pathway to tumor treatment and showing new development perspectives [4]. It can provide a relatively safe way to treat tumors and shows a new development prospect [4].

Lin et al. [25] combined C-phycocyanin with single-walled carbon nanohorns and prepared phycocyanin-functionalized single-walled carbon nanohorn hybrids, which enhanced the photostability of C-phycocyanin and protected the single-walled carbon nanohorns from adsorption of plasma proteins, and synergistically used with PDT and photothermal therapy (PTT) to treat tumors. C-phycocyanin covalently coupled with biosilica and PDT or non-covalently coupled with indocyanine green and PTT on tumor-associated macrophages can also increase the apoptosis rate of tumor cells [26-27]. The development of PDT and PTT synergistic methods for the treatment of cancer has broadened the application of C-PC and enhanced its value in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

In addition, C-phycocyanin can inhibit the expression of multidrug-resistant genes in HepG2 cells through NF-κB and activated protein-1 (AP-1)-mediated pathways, and C-phycocyanin increases the accumulation of adriamycin in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which results in a 5-fold increase in the susceptibility of cells to adriamycin [28]. Even in adriamycin-resistant HepG2 cells, C-PC induced the activation of apoptotic pathways such as cytochrome C and caspase-3 [29], and the results of Prabakaran et al. [30] also confirmed the inhibitory effect of C-PC on the proliferation of HepG2 cells, mediated by the inactivation of BCR-ABL signaling and the downstream PI3K/Akt pathway. mediated by BCR-ABL signaling and inactivation of downstream PI3K/Akt pathway. In addition, C-phycocyanin modifies the mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes apoptosis in cancer cells [30]. Currently, C-phycocyanin is a synergistic molecule with other drugs that have been widely used in the treatment of cancer [31]. The above studies demonstrate that C-phycocyanin has good therapeutic potential in the field of hepatocellular carcinoma.

5 Amelioration of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by C-phycocyanin

It has been found that C-alginin can reduce ALT and AST levels, decrease ROS production and NF-κB activation, and attenuate hepatic fibrosis in rats induced by high-fat choline-deficient diets, and thus C-alginin has a protective effect on NAFLD rats through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms [15].

Another study on the effects of aqueous extract of Spirulina (mainly C-alginin) on NAFLD induced by a high-calorie/high-fat Western diet in C57Bl/6J mice showed that aqueous extract of Spirulina significantly improved glucose tolerance, lowered plasma cholesterol, and increased ursodeoxycholic acid in bile in mice [32]. Kaspi-Chadli et al. Kasbi-Chadli et al. [33] showed that aqueous extract of Spirulina could reduce cholesterol and sphingolipid levels in the liver and aortic cholesterol levels in hamsters fed a high-fat diet by significantly decreasing the expression of hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA) gene, a limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, and TGF-β1 gene, and that ursodeoxycholic acid levels in the feces of hamsters fed high-fat diets were increased in the high Spirulina aqueous extract treatment group.

A daily dose of C-alginin-enriched Spirulina can reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress induced by a diet rich in lipid peroxides [34]. Ma et al. [35] found that C-alginin promoted the phosphorylation of hepatocyte AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) in vivo and ex vivo, and increased the phosphorylation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. In the treatment of NAFLD in mice, C-alginin can improve liver inflammation by up-regulating the expression of phosphorylated AMPK and AMPK-regulated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and its target gene, CPT1, and by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and CD36 [35]. This suggests that C-phycocyanin can also improve lipid deposition in the liver through the AMPK pathway.

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Studies in animal models of spontaneous hypertension have shown that long-term administration of C-alginin may improve systemic blood pressure in rats by increasing aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels, with a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure, and thus C-alginin may be useful in preventing endothelial dysfunction-related diseases in the metabolic syndrome [36]. In the offspring of ApoE-deficient mice fed C-alginate during gestation and lactation, male littermates had an elevated hepatic reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio and significantly lower hepatic SOD and glutathione peroxidase gene expression.

C-PC is effective in preventing atherosclerosis in adult hereditary hypercholesterolemic mice [37]. In vitro, C-phycocyanin also improved glucose production and expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) in high-glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells [38]. C-alginin also increases glucose uptake in high glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells through the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/PI3K/Akt and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)/liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMPK signaling pathways, activates glycogen synthase, and increases the amount of glycogen [38]. C-phycocyanin can improve blood glucose and fasting serum insulin levels in tetracycline-induced diabetic mice [39]. Therefore, C-phycocyanin can maintain cellular glucose homeostasis by improving insulin resistance in hepatocytes.

6 Hepatoprotective role of C-phycocyanin in other liver diseases

Studies have shown that C-alginin can inhibit total serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL, ALT, AST, and malondialdehyde levels in mice modeled with alcoholic liver injury, significantly increase SOD levels in the liver, and promote the activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells, which can have an ameliorative effect on alcoholic liver injury [40]. In addition, C-phycocyanin may enhance the intestinal barrier function, regulate the intestinal flora, reduce the translocation of bacteria and metabolites to the liver, and inhibit the activity of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway, which may reduce the inflammation of the liver and prevent the occurrence of hepatic fibrosis in mice [41]. In mice with X-ray radiation-induced liver injury, C-phycocyanin can reduce radiation-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress injury by up-regulating the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downstream genes, such as HO-1, and play a hepatoprotective role by enhancing the activities of SOD and glutathione peroxidase [42].

7 Outlook

Liver fibrosis is the common final process of chronic liver diseases, and there is no effective therapeutic drug at present. Although some research progress has been made in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the reversal of liver fibrosis [43], its toxicological effects have not yet been clarified. Although the incidence of viral hepatitis has gradually decreased with the development and popularization of vaccines and antiviral drugs, the incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and liver diseases such as NAFLD has been increasing year by year with the improvement of people's living conditions [44]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find drugs or nutrients that can help maintain normal hepatocyte function and effectively inhibit liver inflammation and fibrosis. C-alginin, with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects, as well as good food coloring, has a wide range of applications in both the pharmaceutical and food industries.

References:

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[2] BRAUNE S , KRÜGER-GENGE A , KAMMERER S , et al. Phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis as potential anti-cancer drug: review of in vitro and in vivo studies[J]. studies［J］. Life (Basel), 2021, 11 (2): 91. doi:10.3390/life11020091.

［3��� GROVER P, BHATNAGAR A, KUMARI N, et al. C-phycocyanin- a novel protein from spirulina platensis- in vivo toxicity, antioxidant and immunomodulatory studies[J].  Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021, 28(3):1853-1859. doi: 10. 1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.037.

[4] LIU Z, FU X, HUANG W, et al. Photodynamic effect and mechanism study of selenium-enriched phycocyanin from spirulina platensis against liver tumours. ［J Photochem Photobiol B] J Photochem Photobiol B, 2018, 180: 89-97. doi: 10. 1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.020.

［5］ JIANG L, WANG Y, YIN Q, et al. Phycocyanin: a potential drug for cancer treatment［J］.  J Cancer, 2017, 8 (17): 3416-3429. doi: 10.7150/jca.21058.

［6］ SATHYASAIKUMAR K V, SWAPNA I, REDDY P V, et al. Co- administration of C-phycocyanin ameliorates thioacetamide- induced hepatic encephalopathy in Wistar rats[J]. J Neurol Sci, 2007, 252(1):67-75. doi: 10. 1016/j.jns.2006.10.014.

[7] ROY K R , NISHANTH R P , SREKANTH D , et al. C- phycocyanin ameliorates 2-acetylaminofluorene induced oxidative stress and MDR1 expression in the liver of albino mice [J]. of albino mice[J]. Hepatol Res, 2008, 38(5): 511-520. doi: 10.1111/j. 1872-034X. 2007. 00290.x.

［8］ OSMAN A, SALAMA A, EMAM MAHMOUD K, et al. Alleviation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress in rats by anabaena oryzae phycocyanin[J]. J Food Biochem, 2021, 45(1):e13562. doi:10.1111/jfbc.13562.

［9］ OU Y, ZHENG S, LIN L, et al. Protective effect of C-phycocyanin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in vitro and in vivo［J］. Chem Biol Interact, 2010, 185(2): 94-100. doi: 10. 1016/j.cbi.2010.03.013.

[10] BHAT V B, MADYASTHA K M. C-phycocyanin: a potent peroxyl radical scavenger in vivo and in vitro [J].  Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2000, 275(1): 20-25. doi: 10. 1006/bbrc.2000.3270.

［ 11］ HUSSEIN M M, ALI H A, AHMED M M. Ameliorative effects of phycocyanin against gibberellic acid induced hepatotoxicity［J］. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 2015, 119: 28-32. doi: 10. 1016/j. pestbp. 2015.02.010.

［ 12］LIU J, ZHANG Q Y, YU L M, et al. Phycocyanobilin accelerates liver regeneration and reduces mortality rate in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(18):5465-5472. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5465.

[13] GAMMOUDI S, ATHMOUNI K, NASRI A, et al. Optimization,  isolation, characterization and hepatoprotective effect of a novel pigment-protein complex (phycocyanin) producing microalga: phormidium versicolorNCC-466 using response surface methodology ［J］. versicolorNCC-466 using response surface methodology ［J］.  Int J Biol Macromol, 2019, 137: 647-656. doi: 10. 1016/j.    ijbiomac.2019.06.237.

[14] MCCARTY M F , BARROSO-ARANDA J , CONTRERAS F. Genistein and phycocyanobilin may prevent hepatic fibrosis by suppressing proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells[J]. Med Hypotheses, 2009, 72(3):330-332. doi: 10. 1016/j.mehy.2008. 07.045.

［15］PAK W, TAKAYAMA F, MINE M, et al. Anti-oxidative and anti- inflammatory effects of spirulina on rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis［J］. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2012, 51(3):227-234. doi:10.3164/jcbn.12-18.

[16] PATTARAYAN D, RAJARAJAN D, SIVANANTHAM A, et al. C- phycocyanin suppresses transforming growth factor- β 1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in human epithelial cells [J]. Pharmacol Rep, 2017, 69(3): 426-431. doi: 10. 1016/j. pharep. 2016.12.013.

［ 17］LI C, YU Y, LI W, et al. Phycocyanin attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via the TLR2-MyD88-NF- κB signaling pathway［J］.  Sci Rep, 2017, 7 (1): 5843. doi: 10. 1038/s41598-017-06021-5.

[18] AN E, PARK H, LEE A C. Inhibition of fibrotic contraction by C- phycocyanin through modulation of connective tissue growth factor and α-smooth muscle actin expression[J]. Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2016, 13(4):388-395. doi: 10. 1007/s13770-015-0104-5.

[19] GDARA N B, BELGACEM A, KHEMIRI I, et al. Protective effects of phycocyanin on ischemia/reperfusion liver injuries [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 102: 196-202. doi: 10. 1016/j. biopha. 2018. 03.025.

[20] REMIREZ D, FERNÁNDEZ V, TAPIA G, et al. Influence of C- phycocyanin on hepatocellular parameters related to liver oxidative stress and kupffer cell functioning[J]. Inflamm Res, 2002, 51(7): 351-356. doi: 10. 1007/pl00000314.

[21] TONG F, TANG X, LIU D. Phycocyanin/PEG-b-(PG-g-PEI) attenuated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced pancreatic islet injury and enlarged islet functionality [J]. Int J Nanomedicine, 2019, 14: 339-351. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S190938.

［22］KUNTE M, DESAI K. The inhibitory effect of C-phycocyanin containing protein extract on human matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in hepatocellular cancer cell line (HepG2)［J］. and MMP-9) in hepatocellular cancer cell line (HepG2) [J].  Protein J, 2017, 36(3): 186-195. doi: 10. 1007/s10930-017-9707-0.

［23］WANG C Y, WANG X, WANG Y, et al. Photosensitization of phycocyanin extracted from microcystis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells: implication of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis ［J］. J Photochem Photobiol B, 2012, 117: 70-79. doi: 10. 1016/j.  jphotobiol.2012.09.001.

［24］LIU X, DU J, XIE Z, et al. Lactobionic acid-modified phycocyanin nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin for synergistic chemo- photodynamic therapy［J］. therapy[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2021, 186: 206- 217. doi: 10. 1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.047.

［25］LIN Z, JIANG B P, LIANG J, et al. Phycocyanin functionalized single-walled carbon nanohorns hybrid for near-infrared light- mediated cancer phototheranostics [J].  Carbon, 2019, 143: 814- 827. doi: 10. 1016/j.carbon.2018.12.011.

[26] PU Y, WEI M, WITKOWSKI A, et al. A hybrid biomaterial of biosilica and C-phycocyanin for enhanced photodynamic effect  towards tumor cells[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020, 533 (3): 573-579. doi: 10. 1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.049.

[27] WAN D H, MA X Y, LIN C, et al. Noncovalent indocyanine green conjugate of C-phycocyanin: preparation and tumor-associated macrophages-targeted photothermal therapeutics[J].   Bioconjug Chem, 2020, 31(5): 1438-1448. doi: 10. 1021/acs. bioconjchem. 0c00139.

［28］NISHANTH R P, RAMAKRISHNA B S, JYOTSNA R G, et al. C- phycocyanin inhibits MDR1 through reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase-2 mediated pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2010, 649(1/3):74-83. doi: 10. 1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.011.

[29] ROY K R, ARUNASREE K M, REDDY N P, et al. Alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential by spirulina platensis C- phycocyanin induces apoptosis in the doxorubicinresistant human hepatocellular-carcinoma cell line HepG2[J].  Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2007, 47 (Pt 3): 159-167. doi: 10. 1042/BA20060206.

[30] PRABAKARAN G, SAMPATHKUMAR P, KAVISRI M, et al. Extraction and characterization of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis and evaluation of its anticancer , antidiabetic and antiinflammatory effect[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2020, 153: 256- 263. doi: 10. 1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.009.

[31] SILVA M R O B D, M DA SILVA G, SILVA A L F D, et al. Bioactive compounds of Arthrospira spp. (spirulina) with potential anticancer activities: a systematic review[J].  ACS Chem Biol, 2021, 16 (11): 2057-2067. doi: 10. 1021/acschembio.1c00568.

[32] COUÉ M, TESSE A, FALEWÉE J, et al. Spirulina liquid extract protects against fibrosis related to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and increases ursodeoxycholic acid [J]. Nutrients, 2019, 11 (1): 194. doi:10.3390/nu11010194.

[33] KASBI-CHADLI F, COUÉ M, AGUESSE A, et al. Spirulina liquid extract prevents metabolic disturbances and improves liver sphingolipids profile in hamster fed a high-fat diet[J]. Eur J Nutr, 2021, 60(8):4483-4494. doi: 10. 1007/s00394-021-02589-x.

[34] OULD AMARA-LEFFAD L, RAMDANE H, NEKHOUL K, et al. Spirulina effect on modulation of toxins provided by food, impact on hepatic and renal functions [J] . . Arch Physiol Biochem, 2019, 125 (2): 184-194. doi: 10. 1080/13813455.2018.1444059.

[35] MA P, HUANG R, JIANG J, et al. Potential use of C-phycocyanin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [J].  Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020, 526(4):906-912. doi: 10. 1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.001.

［36］ICHIMURA M, KATO S, TSUNEYAMA K, et al. Phycocyanin prevents hypertension and low serum adiponectin level in a rat model of metabolic syndrome［J］. Nutr Res, 2013, 33(5): 397-405. doi: 10. 1016/j.nutres.2013.03.006.

[37] COUÉ M, CROYAL M, HABIB M, et al. Perinatal administration of C-phycocyanin protects against atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by modulating cholesterol and trimethylamine-N-oxide metabolisms[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2021, 41(12): e512-e523. doi: 10. 1161/ATVBAHA.121.316848.

［38］REN Z, XIE Z, CAO D, et al. C-phycocyanin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glycogen synthesis via activating Akt and AMPK in insulin resistant hepatocytes [J]. Food Funct, 2018, 9(5): 2829-2839. doi: 10. 1039/c8fo00257f.

［39］OU Y, REN Z, WANG J, et al. Phycocyanin ameliorates alloxan- induced diabetes mellitus in mice ：involved in insulin signaling pathway and GK expression [J]. Chem Biol Interact, 2016, 247: 49- 54. doi: 10. 1016/j.cbi.2016.01.018.

[40] XIA D, LIU B, XIN W, et al. Protective effects of C-phycocyanin on alcohol-induced subacute liver injury in mice [J].  Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015, 28(2):765-772. doi: 10. 1007/s10811- 015-0677-3.

[41] XIE Y, LI W, ZHU L, et al. Effects of phycocyanin in modulating  the intestinal microbiota of mice [J].  Microbiologyopen, 2019, 8 (9): e00825. doi: 10. 1002/mbo3.825.

［42］LIU Q, LI W, QIN S. Therapeutic effect of phycocyanin on acute liver oxidative damage caused by X-ray［J］. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 130: 110553. doi: 10. 1016/j.biopha.2020.110553.

［43］SONG Y N, CHEN J, CAI F F, et al. A metabolic mechanism analysis of fuzheng-huayu formula for improving liver cirrhosis with traditional chinese medicine syndromes [J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2018, 39(6): 942-951. doi: 10. 1038/aps.2017.101.

［44］XIAO J, WANG F, WONG N K, et al. Global liver disease burdens and research trends : analysis from a chinese perspective［J］. J Hepatol, 2019, 71(1):212-221. doi: 10. 1016/j.jhep.2019.03.004.

#phycocyanin #cphycocyanin #phycocyaninspirulina

[inkandguns]

Look at the data. Plunging vitamin D levels are the reason ppl that live this far north get sick in the fall and spring. It happens every year. They’re advising getting vaccinated. A logical person would advise supplementation or tanning beds. Maybe add in some zinc and glutathione during cough/cold/flu season. Eat a lil healthier, exercise more. Reduce your factors for all cause mortality.

It’s even strange moving here from Colorado. But it’s obvious that the culture in Washington is not nearly as health focused as it is in Colorado. At the FedEx facility in Colorado Springs I know one girl got Covid. She got it from a plane trip from Cali. At FedEx Moses Lake, every single employee got the virus last year. Maybe 50% of us got it this year.

[theclovisculture]

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[healthhaircolor]

Sun exposure – UV radiations trigger the process of photoaging.

Disturbance in the equilibrium status of oxidants & antioxidant defense system.

Increased levels of oxidative Stress.

Increased MMP-1 and MMP-3 which causes degradation of collagen fibers.

Disturbed levels of antioxidants like L-Glutathione stimulating photoaging & hyperpigmentation.

[ultra-robkellermd]

Increase Glutathione Levels Up To 200%*

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[wlesor]

Wlesor Launches Innovative Health Supplement To Help People Live Longer and Healthier Lives

Wlesor Is A Health Supplement Brand That Empowers People To Be The Best They Can Be!!!

Wlesor is a US-based health supplement brand with a mission: helping people live longer, healthier lives by exploring the frontiers of science. Wlesor is unique because it doesn’t focus on one specific area of health—it investigates all aspects of human health, from the molecular level to the whole person. The company’s founders are scientists and doctors with decades of experience in the field, and they are passionate about using science to help people live healthier lives.

What makes Wlesor different from other health supplements is its focus on integrative medicine. Integrative medicine takes a holistic approach to health, considering the entire person—body, mind, and spirit—when treating illness. This approach has been shown to be more effective than conventional methods in treating diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.

"With the continuous extension of the human life span, the gap between a healthy, high-quality life span and the natural life span is becoming larger and larger," said the spokesperson at Wlesor. "The goal of Wlesor is to explore innovative anti-aging science and cutting-edge technologies to help people stay healthy, slow down the aging process, and live longer while being full of energy to do what they want."

Wlesor has developed various products and supplements that include ingredients such as spermidine, PQQ, coenzyme Q10, apple stem cells, and glutathione—proven to be effective. The unique ingredient PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone), branded as PureQQ™, targets the enhancement of NGF (nerve growth factor) production, a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain neurons.

Among its wide range of benefits, Wlesor’s PQQ is commonly used for anti-aging prevention and protection of vital organs, including the brain, heart, and liver. Studies have shown that PQQ can improve heart health, reduce inflammation, increase lifespan, prevent cancer, and more.

Wlesor’s team of professionals regularly updates blog posts to stay current with the latest health news. The health supplement brand also provides valuable knowledge and resources through its website and YouTube videos.

About Wlesor

Wlesor is a health supplement brand based in the United States. Its mission is to help people live longer, healthier lives by exploring the frontiers of science. The company conducts clinical trials and partners with universities and other organizations to select premium ingredients and offer superior quality, safe, clean, and effective products. Wlesor provides high-quality, advanced nutrients, including unique crystalline form PQQ products, which are GMP-standard manufactured, use patented ingredients, are third-party tested and validated, come in premium vegetarian capsules, and are safe, clean, legal, and effective.

Media Contact

Company Name: Wlesor

Email: Send Email 

Country: United States 

Website: www.wlesor.com

[immunobiz]

Faibles niveaux de glutathion identifiés comme facteur de risque d'AVC (événement cérébrovasculaire).

Low glutathione levels identified as risk factor for STROKE (cerebrovascular event).

Niveles bajos de glutatión identificados como factor de riesgo de ACV (evento cerebrovascular).

Bassi livelli di glutatione identificati come fattore di rischio per l'ictus (evento cerebrovascolare).

Níveis baixos de glutatião identificados como um fator de risco para AVC (evento cerebrovascular).

[madamlaydebug]

•{Lemon Water & Sea Salt}•

Many of us have morning routines that are wonderful health practices — a morning meditation, a few yoga poses, a brisk walk around the neighborhood, or a delicious fruit-infused smoothie. Daily routines are vital to health and happiness, and this is especially true at the start of the day.

How about a quick and simple glass of warm lemon water with Himalayan salt? This simple drink can boost your morning health and wellness regimen — and it’s so easy to make. There are a number of professional athletes and Olympians who start their morning with lemon and salt water, which may say something about its effectiveness.

A 10-ounce glass of warm #lemon water with Himalayan salt in the morning can increase your immune function, decrease uric acid to fight inflammation, improve digestion, and balance your body. These benefits can be attributed to the vitamin C content of the lemon juice as well as the essential minerals contained in #Himalayansalt. This simple morning drink promotes vitality, health, and overall wellness, and may even improve your sex drive!

•Lemons are excellent for fighting inflammation. Lemons can help dissolve the uric acid in your joints, and also have been found to help build and repair tendons, ligaments, and bone. This anti-inflammatory property may be especially beneficial for people with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, according to an American College of Physicians study on osteoarthritis, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine (2000).

•Aids in proper food and water absorption. A daily glass of lemon water with Himalayan salt may provide a better overall mineral balance, which promotes proper food and water absorption in your body, allowing essential nutrients to get where they need to be.

•Balances your body’s acidity (pH). The alkalizing effects of lemon and natural salt are highly useful for managing your body’s delicate pH balance, which is crucial for optimal functioning of the body’s systems.

•Boosts immune function. One lemon serves up 139 percent of your daily value (DV) for vitamin C. Squeezing one lemon into your morning is a natural alternative to that vitamin C supplement you may be taking.

•It’s a detox for your cells. The all-natural Himalayan salt mixed with lemon juice and water helps to pull toxins from your cells, reducing cellular toxicity. This may reduce your risk for various chronic diseases, as well as make you feel generally awesome!

•Reduces problematic cellulite. Natural salts like Himalayan salt have been used for centuries for skin care. Interestingly, most spa treatments for cellulitis contain some form of salt and/or citrus blend. A few daily gulps of lemon and salt water in the morning may firm up a few of those unsightly areas.

•Clears up skin and adds a fresh glow.Using natural salt for skin problems, such as psoriasis and eczema, dates back to ancient Roman times. Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius’ doctor, Galen from Pergamum, used sea salt for skin diseases, according to Science Tribune (1999).

•Useful for allergy season. It has been suggested that the combination of lemon and salt, specifically mixed into warm water, acts as a natural antihistamine for allergies. It may be the perfect alternative to those pink pills that leave you feeling drowsy.

•Paves the way for better sleep. The natural hormone-balancing properties of lemon and Himalayan salt can be more than useful when it comes to bedtime. Getting the proper amount of sleep is essential for physical health, mental health, productivity, and much more. This hormone-balancing beverage can make an effective nightcap.

•Helps controls blood sugar. The fiber content of lemons helps to balance blood glucose levels, which is useful for type 2 diabetes patients and prediabetics alike, according to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine (2000).

•Lemons may help detoxify your liver.Vitamin C is essential for producing glutathione, which plays a foundational role in detoxifying the liver. It also has antiseptic properties that are useful for liver function, as well.

•Freshens breath! Lemon and Himalayan salt may not be the first things that come to mind when you think of fresh breath. However, the lemon and salt in this simple morning drink help kill the bad breath bacteria that build up while you’re sleeping.

•May help you chill out. When you get stressed out, do not be so quick to reach for those prescription pills. You may be able to chill out and return to that state of Zen by boosting your vitamin C levels first thing in the morning.

•Useful for reducing blood pressure.Lemons are not all about vitamin C and fiber. They also boast potassium, which is vital for flushing excessive sodium from the body.

•Boost your libido! The vitamin C content and hormone-balancing properties of this morning beverage can help lift your mood. This might be all it takes to boost your libido, without the need for that little blue pill.

•Gets you hydrated right out of the gate. Many people forget how important hydration is, especially after a seven or eight-hour sleep period with no water. Start your morning off right and get hydrated. The water, salt and zesty lemon will get your day off to the perfect start.

•An antioxidant powerhouse vital for, well, everything! Lemon offers up a wealth of vitamins and minerals, while Himalayan salt boosts your mineral and trace mineral levels even more. The antioxidant and detoxifying properties of lemon saltwater pack a powerful, free radical knockout punch.

•May improve your heart health.Lemons and real salt are both exceptional for increasing heart health on their own. However, when you combine the two into one vibrant morning drink, you get even more vital heart-thumping health benefits.

Natural salt supports electrochemical reactions in the body, while negative ions assist in healthy heart rhythm. Lemons are rich in vitamin C, which is, “associated with lower endothelial dysfunction in men with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes,” according to a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2006).

•Promotes digestive health. A glass of warm lemon water with Himalayan salt before breakfast, or any meal, helps signal your liver to produce the essential bile needed to clean out harmful gut bacteria. The fiber content and natural salt will also promote digestion.

Are you ready to commit to this simple and health-promoting morning drink? I have been drinking warm lemon water with a little bit of Himalayan salt every morning for months, and I absolutely love it. My energy levels are up, and I feel as cool as a cucumber throughout the day.