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leebird-simmer · 3 years ago

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Russian Fairy Tales Test Prep: Spirits of the Forests, Waters, and Fields

Like the domovoi, the spirits of the forests, waters, and fields had their origin in pre-Christian times, but the nature spirits were considered basically harmful to humans and were generally regarded as unclean. The bulk of available sources re: nature spirits dates from the end of the 19th century, when belief in these beings was already in a state of decline and information about them was often imprecise or contaminated by the addition of traits more properly belonging to the Devil.

The Leshii: master of the forest, guardian of beasts.

He could assume the likeness of a familiar person, a forest beast, a domestic animal, even a mushroom. He made his presence known to peasants venturing into his territory through laughter, handclapping, and the various sounds of the forest. It was reported that he could “sing without words.” He would frequently “prank” peasants by calling to them in a familiar voice so they would get lost in a deep thicket or ravine. Sometimes he would tickle people to death. At all times, it was considered essential to utter a protective prayer upon entering the forest. The leshii hated boisterous conduct, sojourns in the woods at night, and woodcutters. He wailed if one of his favorite trees was chopped down.

Historical basis: In medieval Russia, it was customary to cut off a robber’s left ear after the first offense. The peasants had a tendency to refer to the forest spirit as kornoukhii (��one whose ear has been cut off”). In Karelia, Russians often pictured forest spirits wearing military uniforms, indicating that peasants assigned them traits of fugitive soldiers hiding in the forest. Similarly, narratives in which the leshii approaches a campfire and requests food may reflect this practice among vagabonds and escaped serfs seeking refuge in the forest.

Social organization: While there was usually one leshii per forest, sometimes there were several. For particularly large forests, the notion existed that there was a hierarchy of forest spirits, ruled by a tsar. Forest spirits feasted and played games together. The leshii lived with his wife, his children, and sometimes his mother & father. Their domestic order was imagined as similar to that of the peasants; they lived in houses, had dogs, and raised livestock. In certain areas, the leshii’s wife, the lesovikha, played a prominent role in forest lore.

Dealings with humans: Among the forest beasts, the wolf was the leshii’s favorite, and on occasion the spirit assumed the form of a large white wolf. Throughout the woodlands of Great Russia, peasants took measures to guard their cattle from the leshii’s wolves. Many of them called on St. George’s protection from predators.

In the Russian North, where cattle were pastured in the forest, peasants also solicited the leshii’s protection. This sometimes took the form of a pact between the forest spirit & the herdsman, who (according to one account) concluded this agreement much the same way that sorcerers concluded pacts with the devil: he removed his cross from his neck, swore fidelity to the forest spirit, and instead of swallowing holy communion, handed it over to the leshii. Peasants often looked askance at herdsmen (and at hunters, who made similar pacts), suspecting they possessed occult powers.

Leshie also carried off young girls, who they sometimes married, and women living in discord with their husbands. Narratives tell of peasant women abducted or summoned to serve as nannies or midwives for the forest spirit. One occasionally encounters the idea that captives could gain their freedom by refusing to eat the leshii’s food. Those who returned from the forest were reportedly wild-looking and covered with moss, and often they could no longer speak. Many never recovered, remaining in a state of continual distraction for the rest of their lives. Some made use of the knowledge of the unclean force gained by their forest experience and became sorcerers.

The Vodianoi

- often referred to as “the water devil” - universally considered evil & dangerous, since his sole purpose was drowning people

Habitat: The vodianoi lived underwater in deep pools. He confined himself to his own & neighboring waters, coming out only as far as the bank or the mill wheel. In some areas, it was believed that the vodianoi did not leave the water at all, but emerged only as far as his waist.

In the black-earth provinces of Riazan, Tula, Orel, and Kaluga, peasants claimed that the spirits had magnificent underwater palaces of crystal and that they gave grand feasts. Peasants from northern areas (such as Olonets) had a more modest conception of the spirits’ dwellings: here the silver floors, golden ceilings, and crystal chandeliers of their southern kin are replaced by sandy bottoms, snarled branches, and slimy logs.

Relationships: The vodianoi married a drowned maiden, either a rusalka or his female counterpart (the vodianikha), who was envisioned as a naked woman with gigantic breasts sitting on the bank at night, combing her long wet hair.

The vodianoi liked millers & fishermen; the miller in particular was often regarded with suspicion because of his relationship with the spirit. When a new mill was constructed, a black rooster was placed under the threshold as an offering to the vodianoi. If you really wanted to impress him, you could drown a drunk passerby instead of a rooster, maybe even as an annual sacrifice. That was said to be worthy of a standing invitation to the spirit’s nightly underwater feast.

The Polevoi & Poludnitsa: spirits of the field.

In some places, the polevoi was considered an oracle, and thus morally neutral. In other places, they were a sign of misfortune, considered unclean and dangerous. According to folk notions, it was dangerous to sleep on the boundaries of the field because the polevoi liked to gallop there and might run you over with his horse. His children also played there and liked to smother sleeping humans.

In some regions, one finds mention of a female field spirit known as the poludnitsa or “midday spirit” AKA Lady Mid-day, who may have played an important role in folk belief during medieval times. Back then, she was believed to walk the fields at noon when the grain was ripe. Her function was to protect the crop and to punish peasants caught working at noon (in violation of custom) by breaking their bones and twisting their necks.

The Rusalka: female spirits, thought to be the souls of unbaptized/stillborn babies and drowned maidens.

alternate names for her: “jokestress” (shutovka), “tickler” (loskotukha), “abductor” (khitka), and among the Northern Great Russians, “demoness” (chertovka).

alternate origins:

1. Some creation legends claimed that the devil himself fashioned the spirits (both domestic AND natural) when, imitating God, he struck one rock against the other. The fragments became these creatures. 2. One legend claims that these spirits were children whom Adam (or Noah) was ashamed to show to God and thus hid. 3. Vodianye & rusalki were thought to be descended from Pharoah’s forces, drowned while pursuing Moses across the Red Sea. 4. In Kaluga Province, it was believed that they received their eternal youth and beauty directly from the Devil, who boiled them in a cauldron. 5. Only in Bulgaria was the rusalka portrayed positively; rusalki were understood as winged spirits who lived on the edge of the world and brought moisture & fertility.

All but the last of these explanations bear the stamp of apocryphal legends based on the Old Testament, illustrating the grafting process of dvoeverie.

These spirits were considered especially dangerous in the late spring during Rusal’naia Week, when they supposedly left their underwater homes from the forests & fields. Peasant women sometimes hung offerings of scarves and linen on forest trees to appease them. Reports sometimes specified that the rusalki did not like women; on the other hand, they often told of love between these spirits and village lads.

Most accounts of the rusalki paint this picture: sisterhoods of lovely maidens in league with the unclean force. This is the standard image for Southern Great Russia & the Ukraine, an image highly evocative in its interweaving of beauty and treachery.

#study blog #my notes #russian fairy tales #russian folklore #russian paganism

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blackswaneuroparedux · 4 years ago

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The French are completely without scruples, energy or valor - the Great War castrated them and left them diminished, whiney, mistaking bickering for debate and shrillness for eloquence, they are a nation in such effete decline that Shickelgrubber, when he finally attacks them, might be dancing with the keys to Paris in his hand after a week or two of puny skirmishing.

- Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, The Memoirs of Marshal Mannerheim

Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1867–1951) charted the course of Finnish history and was voted greatest Finn of all time, ahead of Sibelius.

He served as a general in the Russian Imperial Army for decades, and later became a war hero in his home country of Finland against Stalin’s aggression. He was the symbol of the Finnish struggle against Soviet Russia during the Winter War of 1939–1940. He was hailed as a champion of liberty throughout the Western world during those 105 days of stubborn resistance against a vastly superior enemy.

This was not the first time that the stately representative of Finland’s Swedish-speaking aristocracy had been supreme commander in a war against Russia.

The War of Liberation in 1918 – later also called the Civil War – had been fought against Soviet Russia and against its allies, the Finnish “Reds.” And the Winter War was not the last war Mannerheim fought against Russia, either.

The period of combat known as the Continuation War, 1941 to 1944, during which German forces fought alongside the Finnish army, exacted a much heavier toll on Finland and Russia than the Winter War had.

Moreover, during the Continuation War, Finnish forces even advanced into Russian territory with the intention of annexing Eastern Karelia, a region which had never belonged to Finland.

Mannerheim’s record as a soldier was impressive. He fought for Russia on the battle front in both the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 and in the First World War between 1914 and 1917. General Mannerheim was decorated with the St George’s Cross for gallantry and was famous for his military skill and efficacy.

Mannerheim was also an able sportsman whose horsemanship won prizes. This was evidently one of the reasons why he was chosen for the formidable task of undertaking a reconnaissance mission, on horseback through Asia, that lasted two years.

A non-Russian officer in the Imperial Army was no rarity. In fact, there were thousands of them. Many of these inorodtsy or “non-orthodox” subjects of the emperor serving in the Russian army came from the Baltic provinces, spoke German as their mother tongue and were Lutheran by religion, as was Mannerheim.

However, Mannerheim’s background differed from that of his Baltic brother officers. He came from the Grand Duchy of Finland, which sent more than 4,000 officers to serve in the Russian army between 1809 and 1917. Almost 400 of them reached the rank of general or admiral.

Most of the officers from Finland spoke Swedish as their mother tongue, Finnish being used mainly as a second language, if they knew it at all. Mannerheim’s Finnish before 1917 was far from fluent.

However, in common with the Baltic German officers, the Finnish officers served the emperor impeccably. In fact, there are no records of disloyalty among the Finns, even during the period from 1899 to 1917 when Russia began to pressure Finland by undermining its juridical status. In lieu of disloyalty, some of the officers chose to retire from active service.

Mannerheim did not retire. He remained a faithful soldier even though he privately deplored the emperor’s policies, which he regarded as unwise. Even when his own brother was exiled to Sweden, Mannerheim’s loyalty to the emperor remained unshaken. His relatives understood his position.

It was only when the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 crushed the old order that Mannerheim realised his ties of loyalty to Russia had been cut. After the revolution he became a champion of the White Finnish cause.

His loyalty towards his native land was now total and he always respected its democratic institutions even though he was hardly a true democrat by conviction.

Mannerheim’s career in the service of two states is an intriguing story that excites curiosity. To Russians, Mannerheim is above all the cultivated young officer of the Chevalier Guards who stood by Nicholas II during coronation procession.

In Finnish eyes Mannerheim stands tall as the elderly marshal, a man of honour and a fatherly figure whose moral integrity and intelligence could always be trusted.

During his own lifetime he became, alongside Sibelius, the best-known Finnish personage at home and abroad. Even at an early stage in his career, he was the object of admiration and respect, a fact reflected in street names, statues and a home museum highly regarded by the public.

The admiration and respect have fluctuated with the changing times. The winning side initially regarded the Commander-in-Chief of 1918 even with the admiration due to a legendary figure; the losing side with resentment. Between 1939 and 1944 the enemy attempted to rekindle negative emotions that had already subsided - though what they achieved was more of a counterstroke.

During the leftist upsurge of the 1970s, criticism of Mannerheim re-emerged. Admiration became correspondingly more marked at the time of the Marshal of Finland's death and burial, in connection with the great equestrian statue project in the late 1950s, and again in the 1980s and 1990s.

#mannerheim #carl gustaf mannerheim #quote #finnish #finland #icon #soldier #world war two #history

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tulivoimainen · 6 years ago

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I was tagged by @suckmycoxon to put my music on shuffle and write down the first 20 songs. Thanks Gita ❤️

The Human League - Mirror Man

OMD - Radio Prague

Queen - If You Can’t Beat Them

George Ezra - The Beautiful Dream

Franz Ferdinand - Die On The Floor

The Karelia - Exaggeration

Sparks - It Ain’t 1918

The Everly Brothers - That’s What You Do To Me

The Listening Pool - Breathless

Sparks - Happy Hunting Ground

Miaoux Miaoux - Sweep Clean

The Vaccines - Minimal Affection

Jacques Dutronc - Et Moi, Et Moi, Et Moi

George Ezra - Shotgun

White Lies - From The Stars

Franz Ferdinand - Ghost In A Ditch

La Düsseldorf - La Düsseldorf

Japan - Quiet Life

Yellow Magic Orchestra - Solid State Survivor

The Tornados - Chasing Moonbeams

#tagged

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khoonevadeh · 6 years ago

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دود‌های پرهزینه؛ گرانقیمت‌ترین برند‌های سیگار جهان در سال ۲۰۱۹https://khoonevadeh.ir/?p=19290

برترین ها - ترجمه از حسین علی‌پناهی: این روز‌ها دیگر سیگار مانند گذشته ارزان قیمت نیست. در بسیاری از کشورها، سیگار کشیدن اکنون یک عادت پرهزینه تلقی می‌شود و دولت‌ها نیز تعرفه‌ها و مالیات‌های سنگین تری روی سیگار و انواع دیگر دخانیات وضع می‌کنند. به منظور اینکه به شما بگوییم مصرف سیگار در روزگار کنونی بسیار پرهزینه است در ادامه می‌خواهیم فهرستی از گران قیمت‌ترین برند‌های سیگار جهان در سال کنونی را به شما معرفی کنیم.

برای تهیه این لیست به فروشندگان آنلاین سیگار مراجعه کردیم که قیمت خرده فروشی سیگار‌های خود را عرضه کرده بودند. به دلیل این که کیفیت و قیمت سیگار از کشوری به کشور دیگر متفاوت است تنها به قیمت آنلاین این سیگار‌ها اشاره خواهیم کرد. برخی از آن‌ها در بعضی کشور‌ها ارزان و قابل خرید به شمار می‌آیند، اما در بیشتر کشور‌ها این قیمت‌ها بسیار گزاف بوده و به طور متوسط می‌توان ادعا کرد که هر پاکت سیگار معمولی در سراسر جهان حدود ۵ دلار قیمت خواهد داشت.

۱۰- Karelia

سیگار برند Karelia یک سیگار یونانی است که توسط کمپانی Karelia Tobacco که بزرگ‌ترین تولید کننده تنباکو در یونان است تولید می‌شود. این کمپانی در سال ۱۸۸۸ تاسیس شده و تولیدات خود را به بیش از ۶۵ کشور جهان صادر می‌کند. دفتر مرکزی این کمپانی در شهر کالاماتا در یونان واقع شده و در زمینه تولید سیگار معمولی و سیگار‌های کوچک فعالیت دارد. برند Karelia انواع متفاوتی از سیگار‌ها تولید می‌کند که از آن میان می‌توان به Karelia Slims، Karelia Cream و Karelia Blue اشاره کرد.

سیگار‌های برند Karelia که به خاطر مزه خاصشان شناخته می‌شوند معمولاً در میان مردان محبوب‌تر بوده اگر چه این برند اخیراً نمونه‌ای جدید از سیگار‌های خود با نام Karelia Ome Superslims برای زنان تولید کرده است. با این وجود، مهم‌ترین و معتبرترین محصول این کمپانی سیگار‌های George Karelias and Sons است که به بسته بندی بسیار شیک و متفاوتی عرضه می‌شود.

در برخی از کشورها، سیگار‌های Karelia بسیار ارزان هستند و با قیمتی کمتر از ۵ دلار برای هر پاکت به فروش می‌رسند. اما در بیشتر کشور‌های جهان این برند یکی از گران قیمت‌ترین برند‌های سیگار است. در سایت آنلاین سیگار فروشی At CigsSpot.com هر پاکت سیگار Karelia به قیمت ۳.۷۰ دلار و هر کارتن بزرگ آن به قیمت ۳۷ دلار به فروش می‌رسد.

۹- Kent

Kent یک برند آمریکایی سیگار متعلق به کمپانی R. J. Reynolds Tobacco است که دومین تولید کننده بزرگ تن��اکو در یالات متحده به شمار می‌اید. این کمپانی در تملک کمپانی British American Tobacco قرار دارد که تولید کننده دیگر برند‌های مشهور سیگار مانند Pall Mall، Dunhill و Lucky Strike است. سیگار برند Kent اولین بار در سال ۱۹۵۲ و در ابتدا توسط کمپانی Lorillard Tobacco به بازار عرضه شد. این اسم به افتخار یکی از مدیران سابق کمپانی به نام هربرت کنت انتخاب شد و روزگاری محبوب‌ترین سیگار در کشور رومانی به شمار می‌رفت. سیگار Kent به عنوان اولین سیگار محبوب فیلتردار شناخته می‌شود.

سیگار‌های کنت که به خاطر مزه خاص و کیفیت بالای فیلترشان محبوب شده ان�� در سایت سیگار فروشی مذکور به قیمت ۳.۹۰ دلار به ازای هر پاکت به فروش می‌رسد و گران قیمت‌ترین نمونه آن سیگار Kent Convertibles است که هر پاکت ۴ دلار قیمت دارد. در وبسایت CiggiesWorld.ch نیز گرانقیمت‌ترین سیگار این برند ۶.۶۰ دلار به ازای هر پاکت قیمت گذاری شده است.

۸- Marlboro

سیگار Marlboro یکی از مشهورترین برند‌های سیگار در جهان است که توسط کمپانی Philip Morris USA تولید می‌شود. این برند به خاطر تبلیغات بیلبوردی خاص خود در ایالات متحده و کشور‌های غربی شناخته می‌شود که معمولاً یک کابوی با سیگاری بین لبهایش را نشان می‌دهد. از این کابوی عموماً با عنوان «مرد مارلبورو» یاد می‌شود که در ابتدا با هدف جذاب کردن سیگار‌های فیلتری برای مردان ابداع شد. در روز‌های اول معرفی سیگار‌های فیلتردار، این سیگار‌ها زنانه در نظر گرفته می‌شدند و سیگار مارلبورو برای اولین بار توسط فیلیپ موریس به عنوان یک سیگار زنانه در سال ۱۹۲۴ تولید شد. تبلیغات این برند را می‌توان در مسابقات موتورسواری معتبر نیز به راحتی مشاهده کرد.

یکی از اسپانسر‌های اصلی مسابقات فرمول یک، کمپانی Marlboro است که اخیراً با کمپانی اتومبیل سازی فراری قرارداد همکاری دارد که همانند Marlboro محصولات آن را با رنگ قرمزشان شناخته می‌شوند. Marlboro انواع مختلفی از سیگار‌ها را تولید می‌کند که شامل Marlboro Red و Marlboro Lights شده که دو نوع از پرطرفدارترین انواع سیگار این برند به شمار می‌آیند.

به طور خاص، Marlboro Red به خاطر مزه بسیار خاص تنباکویش و سوختن مناسب آن شناخته می‌شود و به همین دلیل در بین مردان محبوبیت بیشتری دارد. در سایت CigsSpot.com قیمت بیشتر سیگار‌های این برند همانند برند Kent در حدود ۳.۹۰ دلار دیده می‌شود. قیمت یک پاکت سیگار Marlboro Vintage حدود ۹.۸۰ دلار است که گران قیمت‌ترین سیگار این برنده بوده و سیگار Marlboro Red نیز ۴.۵۰ دلار قیمت دارد.

۷- Nat Sherman

Nat Sherman یک برند سیگار لاکچری متعلق به کمپانی Altria است که یکی از بزرگ‌ترین تولید کنندگان تنباکو در جهان به شمار می‌آید. کمپانی Altria همجنین مالک برند Philip Morris USA است که بدین معنی است که برند‌های Marlboro و Nat Sherman خواهر هستند. این سیگار که به نام موسس کمپانی نامگذاری شده در سال ۱۹۳۰ تولید شده و فروشگاه مرکزی آن در شهر نیویورک سیتی قرار دارد.

برخلاف بسیاری از سیگار‌های موجود در این فهرست، پیدا کردن سیگار‌های Nat Sherman در همه جهان کمی دشوار است و حتی سایت‌های فروش آنلاین نیز گاهی این سیگار را در انبار‌های خود ندارند. سیگار‌های Nat Sherman به خاطر نرمی خارق العاده خود شناخته می‌شوند. آن‌ها همچنین مزه و سوختن مناسبی دارند و گفته می‌شود که بسیار دیرتر از دیگر برند‌ها می‌سوزند که قیمت بالاتر آن‌ها را توجیه می‌کند. در بیشتر نقاط جهان هر پاکت از این برند سیگار حدود ۱۰ دلار قیمت دارد.

۶- Davidoff

برند Davidoff یکی از برند‌های سیگار است که همیشه در میان گرانقیمت‌ترین سیگار‌های جهان حضور داشته است. این برند متعلق به سوییس است و سوییس نیز به تولید محصولات گرانقیمت شهرت دارد. سیگار‌های Davidoff به خاطر کیفیت بسیار بالایشان شناخته می‌شوند و توازن خوبی از لحاظ نرمی و مزه تنباکو دارند. سیگار‌های Davidoff Gold و Davidoff Classi در فروشگاه‌های آنلاین سیگار به قیمت ۴.۴۰ دلار به فروش می‌رسند، اما در برخی از سایت‌ها تا قیمت ۵.۹۰ دلار نیز قیمت گذاری شده اند.

تنباکوی مورد استفاده در این برند معمولاً از کشور‌های مختلفی جمع آوری می‌شود از جمله جمهوری دومینیکن، برزیل و مکزیک. این برند به افتخار سازنده اش، زینو داویدوف، به این نام نامگذاری شده و بیشتر به خاطر سیگار‌های برگ و سیگار‌های کوچک خود شناخته می‌شود.

۵- Dunhill

در رتبه پنجم گرانقیمت‌ترین سیگار‌های جهان سیگار برند Dunhill قرار دارد که مانند برند Kent متعلق به کمپانی British American Tobacco به عنوان یکی از بزرگ‌ترین تولید کنندگان تنباکو و دخانیات در جهان است. این سیگار نیز همواره به عنوان یک سیگار گرانقیمت شناخته شده و قرار گرفتن آن در این فهرست جای تعجب ندارد. سیگار‌های Dunhill به خاطر بسته بندی بسیار شیک خود شناخته شده و نمی‌توان براحتی آن‌ها را در همه جا یافت.

به همین دلیل معمولاً مصرف کنندگان در صورت دسترسی به این سیگار به طور عمده از آن خریداری می‌کنند. در واقع دو نوع سیگار Dunhill وجود دارد: Dunhill و Dunhill International که دومی به خاطر بسته بندی بزرگ ترش شناخته می‌شود. گرانقیمت‌ترین سیگار برند Dunhill در فروشگاه‌های آنلاین به قیمت ۹.۳۰ دلار به فروش می‌رسد، اما قیمت سیگار معمولی Dunhill حدود ۵ دلار است.

۴- Parliament

Parliament یکی دیگر از برند‌های سیگار متعلق به کمپانی Altria است که برند Marlboro را نیز در اختیار دارد. این برند یکی از معدود برند‌های تولید سیگار است که از فیلتر‌های با کاغذ اضافه دنباله‌ای استفاده می‌کند که به عنوان یک ابزار تبلیغاتی در روزگاری که سیگار‌ها هنوز فیلتر نداشتند مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. فیلتر موجود در سیگار‌های Parliament به مصرف کننده این امکان را می‌دهد که به طور کامل مزه تنباکو را حس کنند و به همین دلیل برند Parliament به یکی از محبوب‌ترین برند‌ها در میان افراد سیگاری تبدیل شده است.

علاوه بر داشتن یک مزه قوی و مطبوع، سیگار‌های Parliament به خاطر نرمی و تندی مناسبشان نیز مشهور شده اند. انواع مختلفی از سیگار‌های این برند وجود دارد که از آن میان می‌توان به Night Blue، Aqua Blue و Silver Blue اشاره کرد که قیمت هر کدام حدود ۴.۵۰ دلار به ازای هر پاکت است. قیمت سیگار Parliament Hybrid ۲ in ۱ نیز ۸.۳۰ دلار به ازای هر پاکت است، اما به طور کلی قیمت سیگار‌های متوسط این برند را می‌توان حدود ۵ دلار دانست.

۳- Vogue

Vogue به احتمال زیاد یکی از کمتر شناخته شده‌ترین برند‌های این فهرست است. این برند نیز متعلق به کمپانی British American Tobacco بوده و با سیگار‌های Vogue Superslims و Vogue Superslims Menthol عمدتاً زنان را به عنوان مصرف کنندگان اصلی هدف گرفته است. در مقایسه با سیگار‌های دیگر برندها، سیگار‌های برند Vogue سبک‌تر هستند و کسانی که به شدت سیگار می‌کشند از این سیگار رضایت نخواهند داشت.

اما در طرف دیگر ماجرا، این سیگار مزه‌ای بسیار منحصربفرد و به همین دلیل در میان کسانی که اعتیاد زیادی به سیگار ندارند محبوب شده است. قیمت هر پاکت از این برند ۴.۱۰ دلار است، اما قیمت Vogue Superslims Menthol کمی بیشتر و ۵.۶۰ دلار تعیین شده است.

۲- Sobranie

سیگار Sobranie که در سال ۱۸۷۹ برای اولین بار عرضه شد یکی از قدیمی‌ترین برند‌های سیگار در جهان است. این سیگار توسط کمپانی بریتانیایی Gallaher Group تولید شده که اکنون متعلق به کمپانی Japan Tobacco به عنوان یکی از پیشروترین کمپانی‌های تولید سیگار در ژاپن است. برند Sobranie در تهیه سیگار‌های بسیار مرغوب و سفارشی تبحر داشته و انواع مختلفی از سیگار مانند Sobranie Cocktail، Sobranie Gold و Sobranie White Russian را تولید می‌کند. محبوب‌ترین این سیگار‌ها Sobranie White Russian است که یکی از سنگین‌ترین سیگار‌های جهان به شمار می‌آید.

این سیگار‌ها دارای کاغذ‌های سیاه و فیلتر طلایی هستند و به خاطر همین ظاهرشان شناخته می‌شوند. این سیگار همچنین یکی از ��رانقیمت‌ترین سیگار‌های جهان است که هر بسته آن در فروشگاه‌های آنلاین ۷ تا ۱۲.۸۰ دلار قیمت گذاری شده است.

۱- Treasurer

تولید شده در کمپانی بریتانیایی The Chancellor Tobacco Company، سیگار برند Treasurer گرانقیمت‌ترین برند سیگار در جهان است که البته براحتی نیز پیدا نمی‌شود، زیرا از بهترین و باکیفیت‌ترین تنباکو و مواد اولیه ساخته می‌شوند. این برند دارای محصولات متنوعی مانند Treasurer Aluminum Blac، Treasurer Aluminum Gold، Treasurer Luxury Black و Treasurer Slims Black است. در وبسایت رسمی کمپانی سازنده به قیمت این سیگار‌ها اشاره‌ای نشده، اما بر اساس قیمت‌های ارائه شده در فروشگاه‌های آنلاین، این برند با اختلافی زیاد گرانقیمت‌ترین برند سیگار جهان به شمار می‌آید. برای مثال قیمت سیگار‌های Treasurer Aluminum Black و Treasurer Aluminum Gold به ترتیب ۶۷ و ۶۰ دلار تعیین شده است.

منبع: improb

منبع : برترینها

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databridgemarketresearchblog · 5 years ago

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Global Tobacco Packaging Market Data Bridge Market Research the Growing Demand over 2026

Global Tobacco Packaging Market By Product (Primary, Secondary, Bulk), Material (Paper & Paperboard, Metal, Jute, Plastics, Others), End-User (Smoking Tobacco, Smokeless Tobacco, Raw Tobacco), Geography (North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa) – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2026

Market Analysis: Global Tobacco Packaging Market

Global tobacco packaging market is expected to rise to an estimated value of USD 19.70 billion by 2026, registering a steady CAGR in the forecast period of 2019-2026. This rise in market value can be attributed to the rising levels of women population engaging in the consumption of tobacco along with the various innovations of technology for packaging materials and products.

Market Definition: Global Tobacco Packaging Market

Tobacco packaging is described as the different varieties of packaging products designed to protect the tobacco products from having any negative environmental impact from the environment. These packaging products protect the freshness and sustainability of the product during transportations through harsh conditions. Recently, various authorities of regions have implemented the usage of plain packaging which restricts them from applying any kind of marketing or branding on the packaging of tobacco and just includes the warning sign required as a mandate.

Get Sample Analysis of Global Market Information: https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-tobacco-packaging-market

Market Drivers:

Availability of smokeless tobacco as well as e-cigarettes in the industry is expected to boost the market growth

Increasing stressful lifestyle is enhancing the adoption rate for tobacco products due to their features of reducing the stress levels

Significant impacts associated with the advertising on product; this factor is expected to drive the market growth

Enhanced levels of focus of manufacturers to distinguish their products from other competitors resulting in high demand for tobacco packaging in different shapes and sizes; this factor is expected to propel the market growth

Market Restraints:

Growing awareness amongst the consumers regarding the significant negative impacts of smoking; this factor is expected to act as a restraint for the market growth

Increasing prevalence of various cancerous diseases and different forms of cancer caused by smoking is expected to hamper the market growth

Segmentation: Global Tobacco Packaging Market

By Product

PrimaryGlobal

Secondary

Bulk

By Material

Paper & Paperboard

Paperboards

Paper Boxes

White Board

Solid Board

Chipboard

Fiber Board

Metal

Jute

Plastics

Others

Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP)

Cast Propylene (CPP)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

By End-User

Smoking Tobacco

Smokeless Tobacco

Raw Tobacco

Cigarettes

Cigars

Chewing Tobacco

Snuff

Dissolvable Tobacco

Others

By Geography

North America

South America

Europe

Asia-Pacific

Middle East and Africa

U.S.

Canada

Mexico

Brazil

Argentina

Rest of South America

Germany

United Kingdom

Italy

France

Spain

Russia

Turkey

Belgium

Netherlands

Switzerland

Rest of Europe

Japan

China

South Korea

India

Australia

Singapore

Thailand

Malaysia

Indonesia

Philippines

Rest of Asia-Pacific

South Africa

Egypt

Saudi Arabia

United Arab Emirates

Israel

Rest of Middle East and Africa

Get TOC of Full Report: https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-tobacco-packaging-market

Key Developments in the Market:

In May 2019, Karelia Tobacco Company exhibited their latest “Eye-Catching Packaging” during the TFWA Asia-Pacific Exhibition held in Singapore. The company announced the availability of “Roll Your Own” mode for their “George Karelias and Sons” product range. This innovation in packaging will create valuable opportunities for their expansion in the Asia-Pacific market helping them create a significant presence in the region

In December 2018, Turkey announced the implementation of packaging rules for tobacco products with the Law Number of 7151 for “Public Health” The new law implementation restricts the packaging of the product to have any kind of advertising or promotional branding on the packaging product. This will result in the availability of plain packaging for this particular regions

Competitive Analysis:

Global tobacco packaging market is highly fragmented and the major players have used various strategies such as new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others to increase their footprints in this market. The report includes market shares of tobacco packaging market for Global, Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, South America and Middle East & Africa.

Key Market Competitors:

Few of the major competitors currently working in the global tobacco packaging market are WestRock Company; Amcor plc; ITC Limited; British American Tobacco; Mondi; International Paper; Smurfit Kappa; Innovia Films; Sonoco Products Company; Siegwerk Druckfarben AG & Co. KGaA; Japan Tobacco International; Altria Group, Inc.; Tekni-Plex Inc.; AMVIG Holdings Limited; Marden Edwards Ltd; PGP among others.

Research Methodology: Global Tobacco Packaging Market

Data collection and base year analysis is done using data collection modules with large sample sizes. The market data is analysed and forecasted using market statistical and coherent models. Also market share analysis and key trend analysis are the major success factors in the market report. To know more please request an analyst call or can drop down your enquiry.

The key research methodology used by DBMR research team is data triangulation which involves data mining, analysis of the impact of data variables on the market, and primary (industry expert) validation. Apart from this, other data models include Vendor Positioning Grid, Market Time Line Analysis, Market Overview and Guide, Company Positioning Grid, Company Market Share Analysis, Standards of Measurement, Top to Bottom Analysis and Vendor Share Analysis. To know more about the research methodology, drop in an inquiry to speak to our industry experts.

Key Insights in the report:

Complete market analysis and forecasting

Market definition, understanding the concept of tobacco packaging

Market drivers and restraints of the industry

Market segmentations and market share divided amongst them

Key players in the market and their analysis

#Global Tobacco Packaging Market

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