CHURCHILL WAR TIME PERIOD REVISION;
feel free to ignore, or yknow, if it piques your interest, you could give it a read and ignore potential typos.
Relationship with Generals;
— Strained on Churchill’s side due to the fact that he knew from first hand experience that previously, Generals were allowed to much freedom for costly campaigns which led to loss of valuable life - also frustrated with their caution.
— Furthermore, many army generals supported the idea of appeasement instead of rearmament — increased tensions and suspicions.
— Strained on the Generals’ side due to the failure of the Galipoli Campaign in 1915 (Churchill’s idea and failure forced him to resign) and Norway Campaign in 1940.
— Also frustrated with the constant political interference.
Brooke —
- Brooke and Churchill didn’t get along - Brooke was frustrated by political interference. However they agreed on major decisions and Brooke backed the campaign in North Africa despite the fear of air raid on Britian.
Wavell —
- Churchill personally disliked Wavell and spilt his troops in half, sent many to Greece. Without Wavell there to prepare and with Churchill not giving him enough time to prepare, they were defeated and evacuated to Crete (then forced out).
- Despite the mistake being Churchill’s, Wavell took the blame and was demoted. Early successes in North Africa were thrown out.
Auchinleck —
- Wavell’s successor. Churchill was frustrated with his caution and insistence on making efficient preparations and sacked him.
Montgomery —
- Auchinleck’s successor. Won over Churchill with his self confidence (personalities were smiliar) and personally favoured him — called him ‘Monty’.
- Monty, to Churchill’s dismay, still made efficient preparations before gathering twice as many troops as Rommel and defeated Germany in the battle of El Alamein in 1942.
- Much of the success should have been credited to Auchinleck for his preparations, but Churchill disliked him. Montgomery was slow in following up success and allowed Germany to retreat to Tunisia.
Against Churchill’s View;
- Britain did not have the money and was not in the economic position to rearm and did not have an expeditionary force ready for war.
- Fear Japan would take advantage of Britain’s war in Europe and threaten Suez Canal which was their quickest route to India — Churchill’s speeches saw a clear lack of understanding of their vulnerable position in the Far East.
- Much of the public still had WW1 and the 1 million casualties on their mind and were reluctant to wage another war — Churchill was against public mood.
- Churchill’s idea for a Grand Alliance was undermined by his hostility to the Soviet Union. Furthermore, there was little France or Britain could do for Czechoslovakia and were not willing to enter into war over it.
- Smaller nation’s armies in Europe were not sufficient enough to provide valuable allies and many were concerned with the Soviet Union anyway.
Situation After Munich;
- Churchill’s view was not so unrealistic anymore. If Munich continued, European democracy would cease to exist and Britain wouldn’t be able to maintain it’s position as a great power.
- 1939 Churchill became a member of the War Cabinet
Why Churchill for PM 1940? ;
- The Norway Campaign was the first real initiative in the so called ‘phoney war’ and it was a complete failure. It revived old memories of the Galipoli Campaign.
- However, he did have first hand experience with war.
- After the failure of Appeasement and the Norway Campaign, Chamberlain faced severe criticisms, even from former allies such as Leo Amery who famously quoted Cromwell — “In the name of God, Go!”
- Though the Labour Party, many Conservatives and even King George preferred Lord Hallifax, he would not renounce his peerage in order to lead the country as a war time PM.
- Churchill taking the blame for the Norway Campaign and remaining loyal to Chamberlain oddly increased his standings in the run for PM.
- The Conservative Party refused to form a government without Churchill as leader.
Churchill War Time PM Overview;
- Used English Language as a weapon of war — he was aware of the need to maintain public morale/spirit and image and was able to do so through his speeches — even through Dunkirk which was, militarily, a failure but Churchill was able to portray it as the opposite.
- Major decision to commit to the Med. where most of the land fights were between Germany and Britain.
- Involved in lengthy struggle in North Africa which merely postponed the inevitable (D-Day).
- 1943 increasingly isolated by Stalin and FDR
May 28th + Profound Difficulties;
- 300,000 troops stranded at Dunkirk and slim chance of rescue.
- Danger of Italian entry and threat to Suez Canal — cut off quickest route to India and threatened Empire (Churchill was an Imperialist)
- Considerable fear of air raid on Britain- many casualties expected.
- May 28th Cabinet discussed approaching Moussolini to find out what terms of peace Hitler would agree to — this meant that Germany would have been made aware Britain was weakening, not an option.
- By June 4th, situation improved with approximately 111,000 troops recovered from Dunkirk and Churchill being able to present it as a victory for the public despite it being a military disaster — ‘On the beaches’ speech.
- July 1940 - major act of defiance and controversial decision of destroying French fleet to prevent it falling into German hands.
- Bold decision sending British troops to the Med. despite the impending attack on Britain through bombing.
Bombing of Britain;
- Hitler decided to focus more on British towns and cities in order to break public morale rather than trying to destroy the RAF on air fields.
- Hugh Dowding’s tactics included small groups of air force pilots preserving the strength of the RAF rather than the masses going out to fight them over the channel.
- However, Dowding had rivals and many felt as if a larger-scale strategy would have been more efficient. Despite his success, Churchill did not back Dowding and he was dismissed.
Churchill’s Special Leadership Style;
- Commendable personal diplomacy (especially with FDR and Stalin)
- Fascinated with what he perceived as imaginative ideas even if they were scientifically proved to be impractical
- Restless and energetic - irregular work hours and did not have a problem dictating for his bed or bath.
- Flamboyance — no other PM wore as many uniforms or costumes, it emphasised him as a war time PM.
- No other PM was as well travelled
- Daring and ruthlessness and intolerance for those who were not the same or stood up to him.
- Mastery at written and spoken expression and awareness for convincing propaganda and maintaining public spirit.
War 1943-1944;
- Long and slow process in Italy after Germany retreated to Tunisia.
- Forced Russia to take on the task of moving into Germany alone — faced most of the heavy casualties.
- Churchill could not delay D-Day forever and planned it for 1944.
- Failure of Operation Market Garden (despite ‘Monty’s’ confidence) and Eisenhower in charge and Churchill was not sympathetic to Brooke.
North Africa;
- Originally concerned that Japan joining would cause threat to Suez and North Africa but they joined 1940 and had invaded Southern France
- Churchill had the Suez Canal and unoffical control of much of North Africa - This was not enough, Churchill wanted to establish a Balkan Front.
- Much like the strategy used in the Galipoli Campaign, Churchill argues the Balkans was not such a soft underbelly and they were defeated in Greece.
- Russia had been pushed back considerable and Churchill feared that if Germany were to invade North Africa, Hitler would gain control of vital oil fields.
- George Marshall argued pursuing the Med. was pointless and that they should relieve some of the pressure off of Russia as they were vital to the success of the war — The Med. was merely a distraction and of limited strategic importance.
War in Italy;
- 1943 — considerable forces devoted to Sicily but failed to prevent Germany retreating.
- By 1943, Italy was no longer a threat, so why extend campaign to Italy? One of the most puzzling decisions of the war.
- German and British troops were fairly matched in number and there was no question a smaller Allied force could be sent to relieve Russia or help with the Allied invasion of France.
- If Italy had fallen, it wasn’t clear how it would lead to Germany’s defeat.
Why was D-Day delayed?;
- Heavy casualties were expected
- Long struggle in Italy was not anticipated
- British policy was to maintain Med.
How to Analyse Provenance;
- Who wrote it? — Do they have superior knowledge? Where does their allegiance lie? Important for assessing value of the source.
- Why was it written? — What is the purpose of the source? It is it be used as propaganda (therefore perhaps embellishing information) or is it a political speech? which has a very clear political purpose. Crafted for a specific purpose — Churchill? Skilful expression.
- What is it? — Letters and speeches will hold different validities. For example, a speech is carefully crafted and often used to persuade. Whereas a letter is useful to gain the real opinions of the politician. Diary’s are perhaps dramatised with the knowledge it may be published.
- When was it produced? — Link it to the timeline of events, what was happening during that time? Hindsight may have skewed judgement and memory isn’t as reliable. As source from that period in time would be more reliable for a record of events.
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So since maribat has become an obsession to the point i make regular headcannons and shorts for my own version of biodad! Doctor Strange, i figured i may as well add to maribat
Here the first round of head cannons.
-sabine was an assassin trade around between gotham groups before she let people assume she died in a mass attack on gotham and got out
-only strange knew she was alive since he saw her leave. She agreed to let him know she was alive knce in a while.
-sabine met gina while traveling europe. Gina deemed a bew daughter and brought her home.
-sabine finds out shes pregnant a bit before she meets Tom and Gina’s family. Gina knows Sabine came from a bad situation and doesnt ask questions.
-Tom was opening his own passiserie (Rolland owns a bread shop) and Sabine works the front for him. He puts it together after a while and doesnt ask many questions since she hates beign reminded of her past.
-sabine starts dating Tom after she’s had Marinette. He is down to help her whenever and this endears him to her.
-when baby marinette had health problems, Sabine calls in Strange. He does testing, realizes she’s his in the process, and notes that her cells are just decaying for some reaosn he cant pin down.
-strange convicnes Sabine to let a friend inject marinette with altered dna from a human with a freak healing and health factor, some reporter from the daily planet. (Its clark kent) Sabine agrees as it seems the only way to keep her daughter alive.
-the doctor works for the Cadmus. They fix baby Marientte up. Only they find a lot of her dna markers now line up with supermans... they’re convinced she’s his daughter and try to kidnap baby marinette, faking her death.
-sabine comes out of retirement to get her daughter back—she is taking the body that cadmus refused to return. Then she sees her daughter is alive
-There are no survivors, only a recording of the events she missed on her way out.
-victor zsasz went along as a favor to Strange in retriving baby strange. When he sees sabine mow people down, he helps. Asks for crazy uncle rights when in paris, and sabine tells him only if he makes sure they cant touch her daughter again.
-as far as gotham is aware, baby marinette strange is dead.
-sabine keeps her daughter in paris. Strange knows. He took on a new alias, doctor smith, and is registered as Marinette’s bio dad that way. On her birth certificate her name is Jilpa Marinette Cheng.
-Strange does get summer custody. He runs a clinic (per the agreement) where he helps metas with unstable abilities, no questions or charges.
-There is a semi-offical gotham underground government, and it is not the Court of Owls. It is a combo of crime families, Rouges, and long atanding gangs. Often called the Council since the name changes too often.
-marinette is called Jill when she visits gotham in the summer. She practices her meta abilities with strange overseeing her. During the year she uses various micro-doses of kyptonite in stickers to pass as a normal human.
-marinette has super senses first, then the ability to ‘float’/fly when very happy, or during an adrenile rush or fight or flight, she has a superhealing factor, and she is much stronger than she should be. When she broke a doorknob while half asleep she put together she needed to be very careful.
-in this AU metas are feared in france to the point of quarantine. Marinette hides being meta/superhuman for these reasons.
-Dupont is an unoffical safehaven in paris for ‘gifted students’ when irl its a meta-protection facility disgfuising itself as a gifted student program.
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