#Fort Friedrichsburg

[anglokonigsberger]

Fort Friedrichsburg

Fort Friedrichsburg or Feste Friedrichsburg was a fort in Königsberg, Germany. The only remnant of the former fort is the Friedrichsburg Gate (Russian: Фридрихсбургские ворота, German: Friedrichsburger Tor) in Kaliningrad, Russia.

Construction of the fort began in 1657 during the Second Northern War by the order of Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia. The fort was built in place of a tollhouse on the southern shore of the Pregel River at the western edge of Königsberg.[1] It was included within the new ring of Königsberg fortifications constructed from 1626 to 1634. Districts neighboring the fort were Vorstadt to the east, Nasser Garten to the southwest outside of the city walls, and Lastadie to the north across the river. Construction of the fort was resented by the constituent towns of Königsberg, especially Kneiphof.

Friedrichsburg was designed by Christian Otter, court mathematician and Albertina professor. Friedrichsburg's position allowed its cannons to defend the city from the west, monitor incoming traffic from the Frisches Haff, and suppress civil uprising. The fort originally consisted of earthwork, bricks, and ditches. The square-shaped structure included four bastions, nicknamed Smaragd, Perle, Rubin, and Diamant.

(Photos and writing are not mine, information and photographs about this location are more accessible than others on the map.)

[mostly-history]

Friedrichsburg Gate (Kaliningrad, Russia), all that remains of Fort Friedrichsburg.

[rvexillology]

Naval jack of Russia, fort Friedrichsburg, Kaliningrad

from /r/vexillology Top comment: Looks like a reversed British flag

[autistocracy]

In 1669, the Count of Hanau, Friedrich Casimir, began preparations to purchase territory in Guiana from the Dutch West India Company. Initially, it looked as though this deal would fall through and the Count would be driven into bankruptcy, but before this happened, he received generous donations from various minor nobles both in his court and abroad, allowing the deal to go through. After 3 years of negotiations with the West India Company, Friedrich Casimir purchased the lands between the Courantyne and Amazon Rivers, an area of roughly 100,000 square kilometres, many times the size of the tiny County of Hanau.

After the purchase, he sent roughly 500 colonists, mainly from his county, but there included a small number of colonists from neighbouring countries, to his newly obtained colony. Originally, the plan had been to name the land the Hanauisch-Indien, or Hanauish Indies, but after several months, the land was renamed to Neu-Hanau and the capital at the mouth of the Suriname River being named Friedrichsburg, and sometimes called Paramaribo after a native word meaning “inhabitants of the large river”. As a part of the deal, the Dutch West India Company was given a total monopoly on shipping between Europe and Neu-Hanau.

Not long after the land was transferred to Hanauish authority, the Third Anglo-Dutch War broke out, and shipping to the new colony ceased. The colonists sent by the county on Dutch ships had been forced to land in the Portuguese New World territories of Brazil and take a smaller boat up the coast to the land planned for Friedrichsburg. Many believed the colony wouldn’t make it through the war, but somehow they managed to survive.

After the Third Anglo-Dutch War ended in 1674, shipping renewed, and another wave of colonists arrived in Friedrichsburg, now a small settled village. Initially, the village had some major troubles, including a number of famines, but after two decades, the colonial capital had stabilised.

On March 30th, 1685, Count Friedrich Casimir died without issue, and his nephew, the minor Philipp Reinhard, became the new Count. His reign would begin 2 years later in 1687. His reign would be a relatively prosperous one for the small county and its new colony. One of his first acts as Count was to make a visit to Friedrichsburg, and stay there for about a year, ruling from the tiny village that acted as the colonial capital. He had planned to stay longer, but was stricken with Malaria and had to return to Europe, where he recovered.

Under Philipp Reinhard, the colony of Neu-Hanau tripled in population, as he continued to offer incentives to people to move to the New World. At this time, the majority of the colony’s income was from its sugar plantations, rum distilling, lumber, and coffee. The economy of the colony existed at the time mainly on the backs of slaves, and conditions for these slaves was often harsher than in other colonies. Many of the slaves managed to escape to the jungles and establish contact with native tribes, forming their own tribes, now known as the Maroons.

During the 9 Years’ War and Spanish succession war, both the colony of Neu-Hanau and the County of Hanau were occupied several times, but both managed to recover after these wars, though it would take a while.

In 1712, Philipp Reinhard was elevated to the title of Duke, though he died shortly afterward at the age of 48 without any surviving children, and his brother Johann Reinhard became Duke. Duke Johann Reinhard ordered the construction of several churches, both at home and in the colony of Neu-Hanau, as well as founding two new towns in the New World: Philippsburg and Johannesburg.

In 1736, Duke Johann Reinhard died at the age of 70, and like the last two rulers of Hanau and Neu-Hanau, he died without a male son, and left the title of Duke of Hanau to his grandson, Ludwig, the son of the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, who was only 17 at the time.

Duke Ludwig was an admirer of King Frederick William I, known as the Soldier King, and joined the Prussian military during the War of the Austrian Succession, sending also some forces from his Duchy to support the Prussian army. The war would last 7 years, and see the colony of Neu-Hanau invaded several times, including having the city of Johannesburg razed to the ground.

After the war, Duke Ludwig began to focus a little more on the colony he had neglected, and established a number of forts at strategic places, as well as strengthening the army both at home in Europe and in Neu-Hanau. In Europe, he also chartered the city of Pirmasens, which he made the capital of his Duchy. He also constructed a number of Lutheran churches.

In October 17, 1768, Duke Ludwig’s father, Landgrave Ludwig VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt died at the age of 77, leaving the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt to his son, the Duke. Duke Ludwig would continue to rule under the title of Duke of Hanau, and would also continue his military build up of his lands, including the new land of Hesse-Darmstadt, which he incorporated into the Duchy of Hanau.

On April 6th, 1790, Duke Ludwig died at the age of 70 and left his lands to his son, Ludwig II. Ludwig II was more diplomatic than his father, and made constant trips across Europe, including to the court of the Prussian King, Frederick the Great, whose son his sister married, and to the court of Catherine the Great of Russia, whose son and heir his other sister married. He himself was engaged to the daughter of the Duke of Württemberg, but the engagement was called off when his sister Wilhelmina, the wife of Tsarevich Paul, died, and was wed instead to the daughter whom he had previously been engaged to marry. Instead, Duke Ludwig II wed his cousin.

Duke Ludwig II was also a more tolerant person than his predecessors, and ended persecution of Jews and Catholics in his lands, even establishing a Catholic church in Friedrichsburg, Neu-Hanau. Duke Ludwig II’s rule coincided with the French Revolution and the French wars, and he would several times move his court and household to live in Friedrichsburg as the threat of invasion of Hanau was always imminent, and his Duchy lost much of its land on the left bank of the Rhine, the area known as Hanau-Lichtenburg. In 1806, Ludwig II and Hanau joined the Confederation of the Rhine, and was elevated to the title of Grand Duke of Hanau and Hesse by Rhine. In 1816, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, he was granted additional lands on the left bank of the Rhine. Outside of war and governance, Grand Duke Ludwig also established several libraries, established several scholarships, and promoted theatre and music. He also ordered the drafting of the first constitution for the Grand Duchy.

On April 6th, 1830, exactly 40 years after the death of his father, Grand Duke Ludwig died at the age of 76, leaving his lands to his son, Ludwig II. Grand Duke Ludwig II’s reign wasn’t truly very notable for either the homeland or the colony of Neu-Hanau. The colony was left much to its own devices during the 18 years of his reign, and during this time, the three cities of Friedrichsburg, Philippsburg, and Johannesburg grew quite a bit without much interference. Two smaller cities were established during this time, largely inhabited by natives and Maroons.

In 1848, Europe underwent the great Revolutions, and Hanau-Hesse wasn’t spared from this. Grand Duke Ludwig II, not feeling up to the pressure and stress that the revolution brought abdicated to his son, Ludwig III, dying not long afterward. The reign of Ludwig III was significant, for during this time, the Austro-Prussian war broke out. Grand Duke Ludwig III, wary of the Prussians, sided with the Austrian Empire. After the defeat of the Austrian alliance, Hanau-Hesse was forced to concede Upper Hesse to the Prussians, nearly halving the land of the Grand Duchy in Europe. Also during the rule of Ludwig III, slavery was outlawed in the colony of Neu-Hanau, and settlements were made with now-free slaves and Maroons, and the two cities of Neu-Darmstadt and Neu-Buchsweiler grew significantly as a result of former slaves settling in the two cities.

In 1868, Grand Duke Ludwig III married morganatically, and afterward retired from ruling, leaving the Grand Duchy to his nephew, Ludwig IV. While Grand Duke Ludwig III’s reign had been significant in its own right, the rule of his nephew was even more significant. During his reign, not only did the Franco-Prussian War break out, but the states that made up Germany united under one flag. This, however, was not something accepted by the people of Hanau-Hesse, nor by the Grand Duke and his ministers. As a result, Grand Duke Ludwig IV, with the support of his people, joined the French in their disastrous war. After their defeat, the Grand Duke, his family, court, and a vast number of his people, fled to the colony of Neu-Hanau, which had remained untouched by the war. The Grand Duchy of Hanau-Hesse abandoned its European homeland.

Neu-Hanau was renamed simply Hanau, and construction of a royal palace began in Friedrichsburg. In total, somewhere between 35 and 40 percent of the population of Hanau-Hesse fled Europe for the former colony of Hanau. Most of these refugees settled in the city of Friedrichsburg, though smaller numbers also went to Philippsburg and Johannesburg. The population of Hanau grew from a mere 30,000 to over 1,000,000 in only 4 years. At first, the colony could not sustain that many new mouths to feed, and the country nearly collapsed, but thanks to help from Brazil, the United States, the United Kingdom (Grand Duke Ludwig’s wife was the second daughter of Queen Victoria), and France, Hanau was able to survive.

In 1892, the Grand Duke Ludwig IV died. He was succeeded by his son, Ernst Ludwig. As with his father’s and great uncle’s reigns, Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig’s reign was terribly significant. His reign marked the growth of Hanau as a new, fledgling country in South America, and the growth of modern technology. In 1896, the Royal Palace of Friedrichsburg was outfitted with electricity and electric bulbs. Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig was well connected to the royal families of Europe, particularly those of Russia and the United Kingdom, and would often make visits to these countries. In 1899, he founded a colony for artists in Frierdrichsburg, and gave them great patronage. The colony of Friedrichsburg was noted as a centre of the Art Nouveau style, amongst others. The Grand Duke also established, at the advice of an advisor, a national arms factory, located in Philippsburg. The factory made mostly licensed copies of American and British designs, and still exists today, albeit as an independent company rather than a national company.

In 1914, the world became embroiled in war, and Hanau, as a result of its connections to European powers, was drawn in as well. Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig pledged support to the Allies, sending roughly 600 men to fight in Europe. The Hanauish soldiers distinguished themselves in several battles, but their efforts were largely overshadowed by the fighting done by the larger nations. Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig had hoped that fighting in the war would allow him to take back the lands of Hanau and Hesse that had been taken from his family several decades before, but in the end Hanau had no such luck, and remained a South American country. After the war, many of the monarchies of Germany were abolished, and a great number of nobility fled their countries. Many fled to Hanau, and many were given noble titles as compensation. Several new cities were established with this fresh influx of people, including Corantijn, Nikerie, and Saramacca.

Between WWI and WWII, Hanau was seldom in foreign news. After the abolition of the German monarchies, the surviving German monarchy of Hanau chose to keep much to itself, and focus on its internal politics. The government was restructured to be more modern, though the Grand Duke still retained a great deal of authority, and still does, that most other European monarchs no longer have. In 1923, the Prime Minister of Hanau was elected, replacing the older office of President-Minister; Albrecht Biedermann, of the Vaterländisch Bürgerpartei, the oldest extant party in the Grand Duchy, founded in 1891.

In 1937, Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig died, and his son, Georg Donatus, took the throne. However, his reign would be shortlived, as he and his immediate family were killed in an air accident en route to his brother and heir’s wedding in the United Kingdom. After Georg Donatus’ death, his brother assumed the throne as Grand Duke Ludwig V.

In 1939, World War Two broke out in Europe. During the war, the Grand Duchy remained officially neutral, but in reality they were sending supplies to the British for the duration of the war. The country also took in Jewish and other refugees, especially other former nobles of Germany. The Free French were also allowed to use Hanauish ports to ferry men to and from their African colonies and Europe. Many of the Jewish refugees settled in the city of Johannesburg, which historically was the centre of Jewish community in Hanau.

After WWII, the economy boomed after gold was discovered in the interior of the country, followed by the discovery of bauxite deposits that proved to be very profitable for the country in the wake of the pre-war era’s growing usage of aluminum.

‘’

List of Monarchs:

Count Friedrich Casimir: 1642-1685

Duke Philipp Reinhard (originally Count): 1685-1712

Duke Johann Reinhard: 1712-1736

Duke Ludwig I: 1736-1790

Grand Duke Ludwig I (originally Duke Ludwig II): 1790-1830

Grand Duke Ludwig II: 1830-1848

Grand Duke Ludwig III: 1848-1868

Grand Duke Ludwig IV: 1868-1892

Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig: 1892-1937

Grand Duke Georg Donatus: 1937

Grand Duke Ludwig V: 1937-1968

Grand Duke Philipp (of House Hesse-Kassel): 1968-1980

Grand Duke Moritz: 1980-2013

Grand Duke Donatus: 2013-current

List of Prime Ministers:

Albrecht Biedermann, VBP, 1923-1927

Alexander Freiherr von Philippsburg, VBP, 1927-1932

Marcus Siemens, VBP, 1932-1937

Joachim Biedermann, VBP, 1937-1947, brother of Albrecht Biedermann

Philipp Lorenz, VBP, 1947-1952

Adam Ulrich, DP, 1952-1957

Albrecht Biedermann the Junior, VBP, 1957-1962, son of Albrecht Biedermann

Ludwig, Landgraf von Corantijn, VBP, 1962-1967

Philipp Enzensberger, VBP, 1967-1972

Ludwig, Landgraf von Corantijn, VBP, 1972-1977, second time

Marcus I zu Solms-Braunfels-Nikerie, VBP, 1977-1987

Daniel Lorenz, VBP, 1987-1992, grandson of Philipp Lorenz

Albrecht, Landgraf von Corantijn, VBP, 1992-1997, son of Ludwig

Ludwig Biedermann, VBP, 1997-2002, youngest brother of Albrecht Biedermann the Junior

Lukas Augustus Freiherr von Philippsburg, VBP, 2002-2007, great grandson of Alexander frv Philippsburg

Marcus II zu Solms-Braunfels-Nikerie, VBP, 2007-2012, son of Marcus I

Thomas Biedermann, VBP, 2012-2017, son of Albrecht Biedermann the Junior

Thomas Lorenz, VBP, 2017-current, son of Daniel Lorenz

VBP: Vaterländisch Bürgerpartei; DP: Demokratische Partei (1945-1963)

[evilbuildingsblog]

Friedrichsburg Gate, remainings of Fort Friedrichsburg, Koenigsberg 1657

[footloosetours0]

Enjoy the Best Of Russia At 2018 FIFA World Cup!

The post Enjoy the Best Of Russia At 2018 FIFA World Cup! appeared first on Footloose.

Russia is an immense, endless stretch of land that straddles two continents — Europe and Asia. This massive nation encompasses one-eighth of the earth’s total surface and is bound by 12 seas of the Atlantic, the Arctic and the Pacific Oceans. Russia is a country of extremes, ranging from the harsh cold climate of Siberia to the remote Kamchatka valley, the vast Altai Mountains, the beautiful Lake Baikal, to the endless acres of wilderness, encompassing diverse socio-ethnic groups and communities.

Siberia, Russia

However, there is more to Russia — this is also a country boasting of glorious civilisations, rich history, culture,music, theatres, art, literature, and beautiful cities like Saint Petersburg, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Sochi.

Lake Baikal, Russia

The year 2018 marks a special occasion in Russia’s history with the nation is all set to host the biggest sporting spectacle on the planet — The 2018 FIFA World Cup! This is undoubtedly going to be the best time to explore Russia while enjoying the festive spirit of the football world cup. Check out top destinations that you must visit during the 2018 FIFA World Cup (14 June 2018 to 17 July 2018).

Moscow

Saint Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow

The Russian capital is indeed the incarnation of beauty. Founded in the 12th century, Moscow is a buzzing metropolitan city with a renowned nightlife scene, restaurants, cafes, art and culture galleries, opera theatres, and wonderful architecture.

Places of interest — Kremlin, Saint Basil’s Cathedral, Red Square, Tretyakov Gallery, Bolshoi Theatre, Pushkin Museum.

Saint Petersburg

The Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is an embodiment of the best of Russia’s artistic and creative talents. Established as an Imperial capital by Peter I the Great, way back in 1703, Saint Petersburg today stands as a testament to the very best of Russian creative magnificence. From stately palaces to rich museums to opulent theatres; this stunning city is the main tourist destination of Russia.

Places of interest — Hermitage Museum, Saint Isaac’s Cathedral, Church of the Saviour on Blood, Palace Square, Peterhof Palace, Mariinsky Theatre, Pavlovsk Palace.

Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad, Russia

Kaliningrad, the western most city of Russia, has a typical Baltic look and feel and is sandwiched between Poland and Lithuania. Check out attractions like the Kaliningrad Amber Museum, Brandenburg Gate, Kreuzkirche, Königsberg Cathedral, Fort Friedrichsburg, and Kaliningrad Central Park.

Ekaterinburg

Ekaterinburg, Russia

Ekaterinburg is the fourth largest city of Russia located at the foot of the Ural Mountains. The city is one of the leading sport, industries and diplomatic centres in Russia. Visit the Church of All Saints, Rastorguyev-Kharitonov Palace, Historic Square, Ekaterinburg Zoo and Ipatiev House.

Kazan

Kazan, Russia

Kazan is one of the oldest cities of Russia known for its rich and diverse culture, and renowned for its higher education and sporting centres. Kazan is also a centre of Russian Tartar culture. Visit the Kazan Kremlin, Kaban Lakes, Temple of All Religions, the Qolsarif Mosque, Soyembika Tower, and the National Museum of the Republic Tatarstan.

Sochi

Sochi, Russia

The Black Sea resort town of Sochi rose to global prominence following the successful conclusion of the 2014 Winter Olympics. Sochi lies on the coast of Black Sea amidst the backdrop of the Caucasus Mountains, earning its nickname “Russian Riviera”. Enjoy plethora of activities like mountain climbing, skiing, hiking, diving, sailing, and para gliding, along with the pulsating World Cup matches.

Volgograd

Volgograd, Russia

Volgograd, situated on the banks of River Volga, has emerged as a key centre of shipbuilding, oil refining, steel and aluminium industry. Volgograd is also the hub of ecotourism and boasts of beautiful lakes and over 200 species of birds. See the statue of Mamayev Kurgan (a memorial complex dedicated to the fierce Battle of Stalingrad during WWII, among other attractions.

Rostov-On-Don

Rostov-On-Don, Russia

Rostov-On-Don was founded way back in 1749 and eventually became the home of the freedom-loving and fierce warrior community of Cossacks. Rostov-On-Don has wonderful, scenic beaches, charming parks, delightful cuisines, and is a major cultural and transportation hub of Southern Russia.

Saransk

Saransk, Russia

Founded as early as 1641, Saransk is the capital of the Republic of Mordovia. This small Russian city boasts of a rich ethnographic diversity and has preserved its culture, language, and customs. The city is also known for its famous ethnographic and folk festivals.

Samara

Samara, Russia

Samara served as the de-facto capital of the USSR during WWII. Today, Samara is one of the most prominent cities of the Volga region and is home to the Russian aerospace industry. In Samara, do visit the 37-meter deep bunker belonging to Joseph Stalin, and other key attractions like the Zhigulevskie Hills, and the Volga River, among others.

Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgord

Nizhny Novgorod is a charming Russian city that flourished as a key merchant and business city due to its favourable location along the Volga River. The city is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Russia and has a 16th century Kremlin (fort) that has a two-kilometre-long fortified wall with 13 watchtowers. Nizhny Novgorod is also associated with the famous Russian writer Maxim Gorky.

The post Enjoy the Best Of Russia At 2018 FIFA World Cup! appeared first on Footloose.

from https://www.footloosetours.com/enjoy-best-russia-2018-fifa-world-cup/

[micaramel]

Artist: Paa Joe

Venue: High Museum of Art, Atlanta

Exhibition Title: Paa Joe: Gates of No Return

Date: February 29 – August 16

Curated By: Valérie Rousseau

Click here to view slideshow

Full gallery of images, press release and link available after the jump.

Images:

Images courtesy of High Museum of Art, Atlanta

Press Release:

This spring, the High Museum of Art presents Paa Joe: Gates of No Return (Feb. 29–May 31, 2020), an exhibition organized by the American Folk Art Museum featuring a series of seven large-scale, painted wood architectural sculptures representing Gold Coast fortresses, which served as way stations for millions of Africans sold into slavery and sent to the Americas and the Caribbean between the 16th and 19th centuries.

The sculptures were created by Ghanaian artist and master craftsman Joseph Tetteh Ashong (b. 1947), also known as Paa Joe, who is the most celebrated fantasy coffin maker of his generation. Recalling his figurative coffins—or abeduu adekai (“proverb boxes”)—these architectural models allude to the lives of the dead in their forms and motifs. Though not actual coffins, the sculptures in the exhibition refer to the fortress sites as embodying vessels of death. Once enslaved people were forced through these “Gates of No Return”, they started an irreversible and perilous journey during which many perished and those who survived suffered the spiritual death of permanent displacement and dehumanization.

The seven imposing sculptures selected for the exhibition are among a group of 13 models that were commissioned from Paa Joe in 2004 and 2005 by the late artist, collector and art dealer Claude Simard. The generous scale and high contrast of these sculptures evoke the style of Paa Joe’s fantasy coffins. The artist created this body of work after several visits to each of the Gold Coast sites, which include the Christiansborg Castle in Accra and Fort Gross-Friedrichsburg in Princes Town.

In addition to the seven sculptures on view, the exhibition features archival documents and recordings that provide context for the artist’s creative process and give points of entry into the history of these charged historical sites, including photographs and short films by awardwinning filmmaker Benjamin Wigley and art historian Nana Oforiatta-Ayim, curator of Ghana’s 58th pavilion for the 2019 Venice Biennale.

As the first venue for this critically acclaimed exhibition in the American South, the High is presenting programs and information that connect Paa Joe’s haunting sculptures with the region’s history of slavery.

“In a sculptural language informed by his many years of making fantasy coffins, Paa Joe has made it possible for our audiences to encounter places whose histories may not be as well-known as they should be,” said Katherine Jentleson, the High’s Merrie and Dan Boone curator of folk and self-taught art. “Standing before his replicas is an experience that will be an emotional one for our audiences, especially as we strive to connect these places with the historic sites related to the transatlantic slave trade that surround us in the southeastern United States.”

Paa Joe: Gates of No Return is presented on the second level of the High’s Anne Cox Chambers Wing.

Paa Joe was 15 years old when he began a 12-year apprenticeship in 1962 with his mother’s cousin Kane Kwei (1922–1992), who is known to be the first to popularize the use of figurative coffins for burial. Still active, Paa Joe is based in the greater Accra region and has been building coffins since the 1970s, gaining recognition as being the most celebrated living artist of Ghana in the genre. In 2018, the Detroit Institute of Arts honored him with the 2018 African Arts Recognition Award, which underlines his contributions to contemporary culture. Paa Joe has received international recognition in exhibitions since the 1980s, including the 1989 seminal Magicians of the Earth at the Centre Pompidou, Paris, and other presentations at the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and the Brooklyn Museum, among others. In 2016, he was the subject of a documentary film, Paa Joe & The Lion (Benjamin Wigley, ARTDOCS Ltd). Some of his coffins from American collections were featured in the 2018 exhibition Shapes of the Ancestors: Bodies, Animals, Art, and Ghanaian Fantasy Coffins at the Mathers Museum of World Cultures, Indiana University, Bloomington.

Link: Paa Joe at High Museum of Art

from Contemporary Art Daily https://bit.ly/3iZGxxa

[kgd-rus-team-blog]

◂ Крепость Фридрихсбург ▸ Крепость Фридрихсбург была основана в 1657 году по приказу Фридриха Вильгельма как часть оборонного кольца вокруг Кёнигсберга. В середине XIX века крепость была перестроена в одноимённый форт, а в 1852 году здесь были возведены кирпичные ворота. В августе 1910 года форт был исключен из состава оборонительных укреплений Кёнигсберга и продан Имперской железной дороге. От строения сохранились только ворота и казарма у восточной оборонительной стены юго-восточного бастиона. Во время штурма Кёнигсберга в апреле 1945 года Фридрихсбургские ворота подверглись разрушению. В 2011 году, после проведения реставрационных работ, уникальный исторический объект приобрёл первозданный вид - были восстановлены башни, герб на фасаде, массивные железные ворота и мощёный дворик. Сегодня Фридрихсбургские ворота - это памятник архитектуры и градостроительства, объект культурного наследия федерального значения, излюбленное место жителей и гостей города. Посетителей сюда привлекает не только необычное архитектурное строение, но и то, что в его здании находится особенный музей, где функционирует настоящая судоверфь. Вот уже несколько лет здесь находится историко-культурный центр «Корабельное воскресение», посвящённый истории кораблестроения и возрождению исторических судов. Центр включает в себя два музейных комплекса: Фридрихсбургские ворота и Лодейный двор, расположенный на прилегающей территории. ▿ Адрес: ул. Портовая, 39 Телефон: +7 (4012) 63-27-39, 34-02-44 Касса работает до 17.00 Центр работает с 10:00 до 18:00 Выходной день - понедельник. ▾ ▾ ▾ 📌 Подробнее на сайте ➟➟➟ kgd.rus.team #калининград #калининградгород #калининградфото #калининградинфо #лодейныйдвор #фридрихсбургскиеворота #кудапойтивкалининграде #фридрихсбург #памятникархитектуры #чтопосмотретьвкалининграде #музеймировогоокеана #кгд (at Fort Friedrichsburg) https://www.instagram.com/p/BrCmBJ6lb5L/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=gv1osd1g01b7

[anastasia6824]

в Fort Friedrichsburg https://www.instagram.com/p/BnEUs9gjXtvxyxA5QmzHGHJsBgvtzW0zTSnMKU0/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=gywacjkwyufn

[lauraexploresghana]

Heyhooo, hier sind ein paar der versprochenen Bilder! Als erstes sieht man den Sonnenaufgang in Busua. Wenn es sich dafür nicht lohnt, aufzustehen, dann weiß ich auch nicht. Die nächsten Bilder zeigen das Fort Gro�� Friedrichsburg sowie die Aussicht dort. Als letztes seht ihr Nzulezo, das Dorf auf den Stelzen. So ruhig, wie es dort aussieht, ist es wirklich! Ich mein, es gibt zumindest schonmal keinen Verkehrslärm und die Stadt umfasst ja auch nur knapp 500 Einwohner. Ich meld mich die Tage wieder! Laura

[worldhotelvideo]

[https://youtu.be/An-BiMmDe2Q] Welcome to Radisson Blu Hotel Kaliningrad, Russia (Europe). The best of Radisson Blu Hotel Kaliningrad. General services included wifi available in all areas. cycling. In the section of food and drink we will be able to enjoy packed lunches, restaurant (à la carte), room service, breakfast in the room, special diet menus (on request), wine/champagne, kid-friendly buffet, restaurant (buffet), fruits, bottle of water, snack bar, restaurant, breakfast options, kid meals and bar. For health the accommodation offers fitness centre, spa and wellness centre, yoga classes, facial treatments, massage, full body massage, fitness classes, beauty services, body wrap, fitness/spa locker rooms, spa facilities, body treatments, body scrub, fitness, sauna, personal trainer and spa lounge/relaxation area. As far as transport is concerned, we have airport pick up, car hire, airport shuttle (additional charge), airport shuttle, airport drop off, parking garage, bikes available (free) and secured parking. For the reception we will be able to have atm/cash machine on site, concierge service, safety deposit box, tour desk and 24-hour front desk and express check-in/check-out. Within the common spaces we will enjoy shared lounge/tv area. For family leisure we will have indoor play area, children television networks, books, dvds, music for children and children's playground. Cleaning services include daily maid service, dry cleaning, laundry, ironing service and shoeshine. If you arrive for business reasons in the accommodation you have business centre, meeting/banquet facilities and fax/photocopying. gift shop and shops (on site). We will be able to highlight other benefits such as air conditioning, facilities for disabled guests, emergency cord in bathroom, visual aids: braille, bridal suite, toilet with grab rails, lift, luggage storage, visual aids: tactile signs, lower bathroom sink, heating, wheelchair accessible, allergy-free room, vip room facilities, non-smoking throughout, non-smoking rooms and soundproof rooms Book now cheaper in http://ift.tt/2I20XTU You can find more info in http://ift.tt/2oOrHhF We hope you have a pleasant stay in Radisson Blu Hotel Kaliningrad Other hotels in Kaliningrad Chaika Hotel https://youtu.be/lJG6tJl36Xg Anna Boutique Hotel https://youtu.be/zNjJ4pD5Vt0 Hotel Usadba https://youtu.be/5uaa8jHKfHw Crystal House Suite Hotel & Spa https://youtu.be/joJbgLJN83M Отель Кайзерхоф https://youtu.be/jr1DC3xR6tw Buen Retiro https://youtu.be/bt4sZ6S2-Pw Hotel Marton Palace https://youtu.be/50ZmCbEjbrk Oberteich Lux Hotel https://youtu.be/5LZom8fKLlM Hotel Tchaikovsky https://youtu.be/tud49b3BenY Other hotels in this channel Hôtel Les Suites Du Montana https://youtu.be/wOQjS0e53qE Domaine de Verchant Relais & Châteaux https://youtu.be/i_l9weRr4ZE The Wauwinet Nantucket https://youtu.be/lwiHqWau3UY Adarsh Hamilton https://youtu.be/Zc_y4N9ndVE Sina Villa Medici https://youtu.be/3t8tQt2yoos The Langham Auckland https://youtu.be/ZtQBR1g-ZYU Iberostar Playa de Palma https://youtu.be/8qM-WV1fAgg Ca´n Calco https://youtu.be/e022uT32Yac The Elephant Corridor Hotel https://youtu.be/N50pBbv6Wew Longchamp Elysées https://youtu.be/uxC3am-E9Ik Hotel San Pedro https://youtu.be/aC3bYp05LbI Grand Palace Hotel https://youtu.be/PKtbPTQoB_8 Novotel Paris Vaugirard Montparnasse https://youtu.be/XcVMCbZJAlI AA Hotel Pattaya https://youtu.be/IAKCTb6JyiE Miramare E Castello https://youtu.be/UGmI0M11F0o In Kaliningrad we recommended to visit In the Russia you can visit some of the most recommended places such as Kaliningrad Regional Amber Museum, Königsberg Cathedral, Castillo de Königsberg, Zoológico de Kaliningrado, Muzey Mirovogo Okeana, Puerta de Brandeburgo, Puerta del Rey, Fort Friedrichsburg and Friedland gate museum. We also recommend that you do not miss Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Arts, Fort number 11 "Dönhoff", Museum "Bunker", Landscape park, Kaliningradskaya Oblastnaya Filarmoniya, Museum of Glass, We hope you have a pleasant stay in Radisson Blu Hotel Kaliningrad and we hope you enjoy our top 10 of the best hotels in Russia All images used in this video are or have been provided by Booking. If you are the owner and do not want this video to appear, simply contact us. You can find us at http://ift.tt/2iPJ6Xr by World Hotel Video

[menzralph]

Fort Metal Cross, originally Fort Dixcove, is a military structure in Dixcove, Ghana. It was built commencing in 1683[1] by the English Royal African Company as a trading post for the gold and the slave trade, though construction didn't finish until 1698 due to ongoing hostilities with the local people. Brandenburg-Prussia started building Fort Groß Friedrichsburg about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of Dixcove in 1683, (now Princes Town) in the colony of Brandenburger Gold Coast but it was not completed until the 1690s. Music used by @M.anifest and AB Crentsil #beach #aerial #drone #droneshot #aerialphotography #fishing #sea #seaside #dji #phantom

[ramoscamellia]

Enjoy the Best Of Russia At 2018 FIFA World Cup!

The post Enjoy the Best Of Russia At 2018 FIFA World Cup! appeared first on Footloose.

Russia is an immense, endless stretch of land that straddles two continents — Europe and Asia. This massive nation encompasses one-eighth of the earth’s total surface and is bound by 12 seas of the Atlantic, the Arctic and the Pacific Oceans. Russia is a country of extremes, ranging from the harsh cold climate of Siberia to the remote Kamchatka valley, the vast Altai Mountains, the beautiful Lake Baikal, to the endless acres of wilderness, encompassing diverse socio-ethnic groups and communities.

Siberia, Russia

However, there is more to Russia — this is also a country boasting of glorious civilisations, rich history, culture,music, theatres, art, literature, and beautiful cities like Saint Petersburg, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Sochi.

Lake Baikal, Russia

The year 2018 marks a special occasion in Russia’s history with the nation is all set to host the biggest sporting spectacle on the planet — The 2018 FIFA World Cup! This is undoubtedly going to be the best time to explore Russia while enjoying the festive spirit of the football world cup. Check out top destinations that you must visit during the 2018 FIFA World Cup (14 June 2018 to 17 July 2018).

Moscow

Saint Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow

The Russian capital is indeed the incarnation of beauty. Founded in the 12th century, Moscow is a buzzing metropolitan city with a renowned nightlife scene, restaurants, cafes, art and culture galleries, opera theatres, and wonderful architecture.

Places of interest — Kremlin, Saint Basil’s Cathedral, Red Square, Tretyakov Gallery, Bolshoi Theatre, Pushkin Museum.

Saint Petersburg

The Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is an embodiment of the best of Russia’s artistic and creative talents. Established as an Imperial capital by Peter I the Great, way back in 1703, Saint Petersburg today stands as a testament to the very best of Russian creative magnificence. From stately palaces to rich museums to opulent theatres; this stunning city is the main tourist destination of Russia.

Places of interest — Hermitage Museum, Saint Isaac’s Cathedral, Church of the Saviour on Blood, Palace Square, Peterhof Palace, Mariinsky Theatre, Pavlovsk Palace.

Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad, Russia

Kaliningrad, the western most city of Russia, has a typical Baltic look and feel and is sandwiched between Poland and Lithuania. Check out attractions like the Kaliningrad Amber Museum, Brandenburg Gate, Kreuzkirche, Königsberg Cathedral, Fort Friedrichsburg, and Kaliningrad Central Park.

Ekaterinburg

Ekaterinburg, Russia

Ekaterinburg is the fourth largest city of Russia located at the foot of the Ural Mountains. The city is one of the leading sport, industries and diplomatic centres in Russia. Visit the Church of All Saints, Rastorguyev-Kharitonov Palace, Historic Square, Ekaterinburg Zoo and Ipatiev House.

Kazan

Kazan, Russia

Kazan is one of the oldest cities of Russia known for its rich and diverse culture, and renowned for its higher education and sporting centres. Kazan is also a centre of Russian Tartar culture. Visit the Kazan Kremlin, Kaban Lakes, Temple of All Religions, the Qolsarif Mosque, Soyembika Tower, and the National Museum of the Republic Tatarstan.

Sochi

Sochi, Russia

The Black Sea resort town of Sochi rose to global prominence following the successful conclusion of the 2014 Winter Olympics. Sochi lies on the coast of Black Sea amidst the backdrop of the Caucasus Mountains, earning its nickname “Russian Riviera”. Enjoy plethora of activities like mountain climbing, skiing, hiking, diving, sailing, and para gliding, along with the pulsating World Cup matches.

Volgograd

Volgograd, Russia

Volgograd, situated on the banks of River Volga, has emerged as a key centre of shipbuilding, oil refining, steel and aluminium industry. Volgograd is also the hub of ecotourism and boasts of beautiful lakes and over 200 species of birds. See the statue of Mamayev Kurgan (a memorial complex dedicated to the fierce Battle of Stalingrad during WWII, among other attractions.

Rostov-On-Don

Rostov-On-Don, Russia

Rostov-On-Don was founded way back in 1749 and eventually became the home of the freedom-loving and fierce warrior community of Cossacks. Rostov-On-Don has wonderful, scenic beaches, charming parks, delightful cuisines, and is a major cultural and transportation hub of Southern Russia.

Saransk

Saransk, Russia

Founded as early as 1641, Saransk is the capital of the Republic of Mordovia. This small Russian city boasts of a rich ethnographic diversity and has preserved its culture, language, and customs. The city is also known for its famous ethnographic and folk festivals.

Samara

Samara, Russia

Samara served as the de-facto capital of the USSR during WWII. Today, Samara is one of the most prominent cities of the Volga region and is home to the Russian aerospace industry. In Samara, do visit the 37-meter deep bunker belonging to Joseph Stalin, and other key attractions like the Zhigulevskie Hills, and the Volga River, among others.

Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgord

Nizhny Novgorod is a charming Russian city that flourished as a key merchant and business city due to its favourable location along the Volga River. The city is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Russia and has a 16th century Kremlin (fort) that has a two-kilometre-long fortified wall with 13 watchtowers. Nizhny Novgorod is also associated with the famous Russian writer Maxim Gorky.

The post Enjoy the Best Of Russia At 2018 FIFA World Cup! appeared first on Footloose.

from https://www.footloosetours.com/enjoy-best-russia-2018-fifa-world-cup/ from https://footloosetours0.tumblr.com/post/163443251467

[caveartfair]

The Legendary Artist Who Made Coffins into Art

Paa Joe with his Sneakers Coffin. Photo by Regula Tschumi, via Wikimedia Commons.

They say art is immortal, but would you want to be buried in it?

Over the past 40 years in Ghana, Paa Joe has created coffins in the shapes of chili peppers, Coca-Cola bottles, and even giant sneakers for his customers, to carry them into the next life in style. Most of his creations, however, are now deep in the ground and will never be seen again.

Paa Joe’s works, known as fantasy coffins, continue a tradition in Ghana known as abebuu adekai. The practice traces back to the Ga community of the Accra region in the 1950s, when ornate, figurative, and custom coffin designs were realized to celebrate the lives of priests and chiefs.

And while he’s not the first fantasy coffin maker in Ghana, Paa Joe is known as a masterful craftsman, and has brought his trade into the 21st century with his surprising and ambitious creations. Far from what we might traditionally think of as funereal, his impressive and at times bizarre sculptures have also captured imaginations in the Western art world. His coffins have been presented at the British Museum, the Centre Pompidou, and the Brooklyn Museum, among others. His latest and largest show now takes place in New York, at Jack Shainman Gallery in Chelsea, and The School, its outpost in Kinderhook, New York.

Paa Joe, Untitled, 2004-2005. Courtesy of Jack Shainman Gallery, New York.

The 70-year-old Paa Joe no longer works on the coffins himself, but supervises his son Jacob Ashong, who now runs the workshop and continues his father’s legacy. “He is very strong!” Ashong says of his father, over the phone from Accra. In September, Ashong will fly to the U.S. to receive the Detroit Institute of Art’s African Art Recognition Award, on behalf of his father. It underlines the Ghanaian artist’s remarkable contributions to contemporary culture.

“The idea of an artist working on these pieces for so long, then almost immediately burying them in the ground, puts Paa Joe in a unique place that we don’t understand as Westerners,” says Jack Shainman. “The whole notion of fantasy coffins, making such a beautiful, elaborate thing to take you to the next world, is so unusual in our culture.”

The gallery presents what is set to be the most extensive presentation of Paa Joe’s coffins in one show, which serves as the centerpiece for a group show spread across its galleries. “They made sense as the starting point for this exhibition, which is about man’s quest for greatness and spirituality, and the coffins really remind you of that,” Shainman says. “They were an incredible impetus for the show.” The exhibition brings together works from the 17th century up to a few finished last week, by a roster of artists not commonly seen together, spanning Francisco Pacheco, Walker Evans, Zhang Huan, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, and David Hockney.

Paa joe, Cape Coast Castle, 2004-2017. Courtesy of Jack Shainman Gallery, New York.

But getting the 11 coffins—each measuring 12 by 11 feet—to the U.S. has not been easy. In fact, their arrival in New York is the end of a voyage that has lasted more than a decade.

Claude Simard, the late co-founder of Jack Shainman, traveled extensively in Africa and Ghana, and it was on one such trip in 2004 that he visited Paa Joe. Paa Joe was already known as the greatest coffin maker in the country, and Simard commissioned him to create 13 coffins shaped like castles, based on the 13 Gold Coast castles, where slaves bound for America were held captive in the 15th century.

The castle coffins are unusual for Paa Joe, whose works are typically based on the lives and interests of the individuals who are to be buried in them. “Claude had an enduring commitment to political pieces and the coffins are a statement in themselves, but the castles are so different to the rest of Paa Joe’s practice,” says Shainman.

Paa Joe, Fort Saint Antony (Axim), 2004-2017. Courtesy of Jack Shainman Gallery, New York.

“When you see the castles and where the slaves were kept, you feel pity, it’s a pity,” Ashong explains wistfully. “We realize slavery was a bad thing; we are all humans, we don’t need to take advantage of our fellow beings. This exhibition is in a way an advocacy to stop slavery and exploitation.”

The problem of slavery, however, isn’t in the past. “We have freedom now, but slavery still goes on; now it is not with chains, it is with offers that try to exploit us,” Ashong suggests.

To create these coffins, Paa Joe spent long days visiting each of the 13 Gold Coast castles with a photographer to document every detail and sketch architectural plans. Back at his workshop, he set about recreating them in wood; he carved and painted them by hand with painstaking attention. By 2005, they were complete.

Paa Joe, Untitled, 2004-2005. Courtesy of Jack Shainman Gallery, New York.

Paa Joe, Cape Coast Castle, 2004-2017. Courtesy of Jack Shainman Gallery, New York.

However, the castles never made it to the U.S. “There was a problem with the shipment, and only two were sent,” Ashong says. From 2005 to 2016, the remaining 11 coffins stayed in Ghana. Owing to their size, it was impossible to find a suitable space to store the coffins properly. In 2014, Ashong called Simard, who agreed they should finally ship the coffins—but there was a new problem. “At this point, many of the works were damaged as they had to be stored outside, and being made of wood, they had suffered some rot,” Ashong explained.

Sadly, in June that year, Simard suffered a heart attack and died. “We all felt very, very bad. We couldn’t even eat. We were so sad,” Ashong recalls of receiving the news. Despite working in the coffin industry for 40 years, he adds, it was the first time a business partner had passed away.

Later, Ashong contacted the gallery again. It was then that Jack Shainman first became aware of the coffins. “He called me and I’m like, ‘What coffins?!’” Shainman laughs. He has, he quips, received some concerned emails from friends wondering just why he is putting so many coffins in his galleries.

Paa Joe, Fort Gross-Friedrichsburg-Princetown, 2017. Courtesy of Jack Shainman Gallery, New York.

Finally, this month, the coffins landed in the U.S., and at the time of writing were making their way to the gallery, ready to be seen by the public for the first time after more than 10 years in the workshop in Ghana. “We were thinking of changing the title to ‘the pursuit of Paa Joe’s coffins,’” Shainman jokes.

“I hope it will be something new and unusual to the American audience,” Ashong remarks. Asked about their feelings on the exhibition, despite everything, his enthusiasm is abundant: “We are over excited!”

Given the incredible journey the castles have made and the challenges along the way, they now also carry a special resonance—a memory of Simard and a celebration of his life, as much as a commemoration of the atrocities of slavery in America. For Paa Joe, meanwhile, his artworks will continue long after he passes to the next life—and, he says, he’s more likely to travel there in a coffin shaped like a hammer than a castle.

—Charlotte Jansen

from Artsy News

[suchkov]

Фридрихсбургские Ворота Калининград, Портовая улица, 39А 20.05.2017, Canon EOS M5, EF-M11-22mm f/4-5.6 IS STM, 11 mm, ISO 100, f 13.0, 1/125, 13 frame pan #dtmas #CanonPhoto #Canon #keepitbrief #sky_perfection #best_sky_archive #wu_russia #russia_pics #instarussia #photorussia #ig_russia #russia_worldwide #rus_places #фотодляРоссии #russiandiary #inrussia #loves_russia #walk_on_russia #phototrip_russia #vscorussia #ruslavia #nasha_rodina #rosphoto #po_strane #loves_united_russia #russia_fotolovers #russia_img #unlimitedrussia #kaliningrad (at Fort Friedrichsburg)

[museumkoenigsberg-blog]

Königsberg. Friedrichsburg fortress gate. Photo approx. 1935. Now the gates are restored. A local branch of The Great Oceans Museum is located here. ——————————————————— Кёнигсберг. Ворота крепости Фридрихсбург. Фото около 1935 года. В настоящее время ворота отреставрированы. В них размещается филиал Музея Мирового океана: http://www.world-ocean.ru/ru/korabelnoe-voskresene/fridrikhsburgskie-vorota