#Floyd Norman

[tootern2345]

Since February is Black History Month. Here are some black animators/cartoonists to celebrate

1. Doug Moye, Camera operator and occasional voice actor for Terrytoons

2. Floyd Norman, longtime Disney animator and artist, the first long time African-American employee for the studio

3. Milton Knight, noted cartoonist for stuff like Hugo and the Mighty Mouse comics alongside working for studios like D.I.C. & Film Roman

4. Jim Simon, designer, animator, director, and founder of Wantu Animation. He worked with Ralph Bakshi in the 60’s before branching out elsewhere.

5. Frank Braxton, the first animator in Hollywood. Ben Washam, a person from Arkansas and designer of the big boy mascot, helped him get the job.

6. Dee “SupDee” Parson, cartoonist, noted for stuff like Life With Kurami, Pen & Ink, and Rosebuds.

Some honorable mentions include Phil Mendez, (kissyfur) Glen Barr, (Spümcø) Brenda Banks, (Fire & Ice, The Simpsons, King of The Hill) Ed Bell, (Disney, WB Animation, Bakshi, and Spümco) Bruce W. Smith (Bebe’s Kids & The Proud Family) Aaron McGruder (The Boondocks) and Ian Jones-Quartey (Steven Universe & OK KO)

Happy Black History Month ya’ll!

[elijones94]

🐍 Mowgli & Kaa 🐍

[chiaroscurryy]

Day 1: Floyd Norman

From Santa Barbara, California the home of Pixar and Walt. Floyd is the man with the honor of being the first black animator not only for Disney. But of all time. His biggest works of art being Mulan and The Hunchback of Notre Dame. No matter who you may be you can still make history. Never let that leave your brain.

[eclecticpjf]

Now watching:

[dd20century]

Animation Legend Floyd Norman

“So here I am, I have this love of art and this love of motion pictures, and so animation was the perfect blend of the two.” – Floyd Norman

Floyd Norman, the first back animator at Disney Studios, is a trailblazer in the world of animation. In addition to Disney, he worked for several studios during his career including Hanna-Barbera Productions, Ruby-Spears, and Pixar. In 1966, he co-founded Vignette Films, Inc., which produced animated films about black history. (1)

Young Floyd Norman Discovers the Wonderful World of Animation

Floyd E. Norman was born on June 22, 1935, in Santa Monica, California. (1) His parents moved to California from Natchez, Mississippi. As a young child, he developed a love of drawing which persisted throughout his life. During Floyd Norman’s youth, the Santa Monica community was “rich with artists, writers, musicians, dancers, choreographers and composers” (2). Young Floyd received a lot of positive encouragement to follow his dreams. (2)

One day in middle school, he read a school library book about making motion pictures and  “actually fell in love with how motion pictures were made” (2). To him animation was the perfect combination of art and story-telling. From then on he knew he wanted to make animated films.

Floyd Norman working on Walt Disney's "Sleeping Beauty" (c. 1957). Photographer unknown. Image source.

Floyd Norman’s Earliest Work

After high school, Norman studied illustration at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California. One of his earliest jobs was working “an assistant to Katy Keene comic book artist Bill Woggon, who lived in … Santa Barbara, California” (1) where Norman grew up. In 1957 Disney Studios hired him as an inbetweener becoming Disney’s first African American artist “to remain at the studio on a long-term basis” (1). In animation filmmaking, an inbetweener was an artist who drew the intermediate frames between the keyframes. This process aimed “to create the illusion of movement by smoothly transitioning one image into another” (3). Much of the work done by inbetweeners is now handled by computer software. The first project Norman worked on was “Sleeping Beauty” released in 1959. Shortly after that Norman was drafted into the army. (1)

Floyd Norman’s Work for Disney

In 1960, after his stint in the army ended “Norman returned to the Disney studio to work on One Hundred and One Dalmatians” (1961) (4). He later worked on Sword in the Stone (1963) and then was assigned to the story department (1) to work with Larry Clemmons one of Disney’s original animators (5) on The Jungle Book (1967).

Floyd Norman, sketch for "Jungle Book", Walt Disney Studios (1967). Image source.

Norman and Leo Sullivan Establish Vignette Films

Walt Disney died in 1966, prompting Norman to leave Disney in search of other opportunities. Along with director and animator Leo Sullivan, Norman established Vignette Films, “one of the first companies to produce films on the subject of black history" (1).

Norman and Sullivan produced animated segments for the new children’s show Sesame Street and an animated NBC television special for Bill Cosby in 1969.

Norman’s Work in the 1970s and 1980s

In the early 1970s Norman returned to Disney as animator on Robin Hood (1973). (1) During the rest of the decade he worked for various animation studios including “Hanna-Barbera, Film Roman, Ruby-Spears Productions” (4). He served as layout artist on Josie and the Pussycats, Sealab 2020, and Laff-A-Lympics. (1)

Floyd Norman, sketch for "Robin Hood", Walt Disney Studios (1973). Image source.

During the 1980s Norman was a layout artist, story director, and storyboard artist for the animated television show “The Smurfs Produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions…based on the Belgian comic series of the same name” (6). During the 1980s Disney Publications contacted Norman and asked him to write for the Mickey Mouse comic strip. Despite working in the story department back on the production of "The Jungle Book", Norman was surprised he was being hired as a writer since he always thought of himself primarily as an artist. (2) He was a writer and scripter for the Mickey Mouse comic strip from the mid-1980s until the strip ended in 1995. (1)

Norman’s wife illustrator Adrienne Brown also worked for Disney Publications. While there is no definitive information on how or when the couple met, they could have met during the 1980s while both working for Disney Publications.

Floyd Norman’s Later Work

In the 1990s Norman returned to Walt Disney Animation Studios yet again to work on “The Hunchback of Notre Dame” (1996), "Mulan" (1998), and “Toy Story 2” (1999).  At the close of the 1990s Norman and his Vignette Films partner Leo Sullivan expanded into a new technology by creating “Afrokids®.com, an Internet site that promotes multicultural and African American images to children” (4). While the Afrokids website no longer exists, a Facebook page and an Instagram account are devoted to its content.

Floyd Norman, Sketch for "Toy Story 2", Pixar Animation (2001). Image source.

Norman officially retired in 2001 after working on Pixar Animation Studios’ computer-animated feature, “Monsters, Inc.”, however, at 89 years young Norman occasionally works on projects as a freelance consultant or storyboard artist. (1)

Floyd Norman’s Legacy

Norman shared his experiences working as a professional animator in several books he authored, including a semi-biographical animation primer, titled: Animated Life: A Lifetime of Tips, Tricks, Techniques and Stories from an Animation Legend published in 2013. In 2017 he illustrated the book A Kiss Goodnight written by Richard M. Sherman (1) and, in 2016 Michael Fiore and Erik Sharkey directed a documentary film about the artist "Floyd Norman: An Animated Life". (7)

Norman is recognized for his contributions both to animated film and to the promotion of African-American history and culture. He “was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame in 1979” (1) and “named a Disney Legend in 2007” (1). He received an honorary Doctorate of Philosophy degree from Cogswell Polytechnical College in 2018; the following year he was awarded with the Milton Caniff Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Cartoonists Society. (1)

References

Wikipedia.com, (12 November, 2024) Floyd Norman. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd_Norman

Mims, S., (10 September, 2015). Interview with Disney Animation Legend Floyd Norman. https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/interview-with-disney-animation-legend-floyd-norman

Wikipedia.com, (5 December, 2024). Inbetweening. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbetweening

Bourlin, O., (10 September, 2015). Floyd Norman, (1935 -  ) https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/norman-floyd-e-1935/

Wikipedia.com, (15 August, 2024). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Clemmons

Wikipedia.com, (27 December, 2024). The Smurfs (1981 TV series). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Smurfs_(1981_TV_series)

Imdb.com, (n.d.). Floyd Norman: An Animated Life. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5507860/

[squideo]

Squideo’s Favourites: The Jungle Book (1967)

The last animated film made under the creative directorship of Walt Disney before his untimely death in 1966, The Jungle Book (1967) marked the end of Disney’s Silver Age. It has become an interesting milestone in the company’s history; reflecting the studio of old while showing the first signs of the company it would become without Walt Disney at its helm.

The Jungle Book has also been resurrected by Disney’s live-action remake series, the first of its modern remakes to adapt a non-Disney Princess story. The 2016 live-action and CGI film made changes to the plot of the 1967 version to correct outdated cultural depictions, but neither can be called faithful adaptations of Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same name. Like the 1967 version, the 2016 remake shows the progression of the Walt Disney Animation Studios and how it continues to innovate while preserving its founding principles.

We’re diving into the production behind this animated film, exploring the style and techniques which came together to create this compelling story.

Creating a Story

The Jungle Book, by British author Rudyard Kipling, was published in 1894. This collection of stories were inspired by Indian folklore and Kipling’s experiences of living and working in India; but Disney’s adaptation of this popular children’s book reads very differently.

Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Walt Disney had drifted away from the animation department. He had been focused on Disneyland, the creation of WED Enterprises (later named Imagineering), live-action films and the development of Disney’s television programmes. The underwhelming performance of The Sword in the Stone (1963) compared to the success of One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), however, encouraged him to check in on the studio’s next animated feature film: The Jungle Book.

According to Brian Sibley, “what [Walt] found was that the team headed up by Bill Peet had come up with quite a sombre, dark, serious story – much more serious than any films they’d done in animation since the days of Pinocchio.” Peet and Walt Disney disagreed with the direction of the film, which ended in Peet leaving the company and Disney ordering work on The Jungle Book to be restarted.

Most of the original work was scrapped, with the exception of the song The Bare Necessities which was written by Terry Gilkyson (the song was nominated for an Academy Award). When Walt Disney assembled his new animation team, he asked if anyone had read Kipling’s book. They hadn’t, and Walt Disney said “the first thing I want you to do is not to read it."

He brought in the Sherman Brothers, who were enjoying newfound fame as a result of their work on Mary Poppins (1964). These songwriters were tasked with creating a lighter, family-friendly tone for the film. Meanwhile, the new animation team started production of The Jungle Book in 1965.

Like Disney’s other 1960s features, animators used xerography on the film. Ub Iwerks had adapted the Xerox process, first introduced during WW2, to work on film. This copying technique allowed animator drawings to be printed directly onto cels, massively speeding up the production process. It was first trialled on Sleeping Beauty (1959), and was used by Disney throughout the 1960s and 1970s. The technique also let the studio recycle cels, repurposing them for other animated films. Several cels were repurposed from The Jungle Book for Robin Hood (1973).

Animation Style

When character redesign started, animators wanted to base their characters – not on the descriptions provided by Kipling’s story – but on the voice actors. Similar to 1920s animation which used rotoscoping to trace motion picture footage of a human performer to create animated characters with life-like movement. The idea was to employ household names like Phil Harris (a bandleader and comedian) and Louis Prima (a jazz musician) and create characters which reflected their personalities. Additionally, while The Beatles ultimately didn’t appear in the film, the vulture characters were based on their mannerisms and the animators included their mop top hairstyles.

For one of the musical numbers, ‘I Wanna Be Like You’, animators used footage of Louis Prima and his band performing which they based the monkeys’ movements on. This song was later updated by Robert Sherman for the 2016 live-action adaptation, to address outdated cultural stereotypes and to incorporate plot changes. The 2016 version is much more sinister in comparison to the jazz-inspired 1967 song, reflecting an overall shift in the film’s visual style which aligns more closely with Bill Peet’s original idea.

While new animators had been hired to work on The Jungle Book in 1965, a lot of old hands remained. Most prominently were the members of Disney’s Nine Old Men. These animators were hired in the 1920s and 1930s, and all of them had worked on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). They worked on every feature film until Peter Pan (1953), and six worked on The Jungle Book: Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston, Milt Kahl, Eric Larson, John Lounsbery and Wollie Reitherman.

Both Thomas and Johnston – who acted as directing animators for the film’s main characters – went on to write Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life (1981) after their retirement from the company; which is still considered a key textbook for animators.

Despite the longevity of these animators, Walt Disney still told them when he thought a film was going wrong. Which included their work on The Sword in the Stone: “Walt was not a fan of the previous film in terms of styling. Walt thought there was too much colour in the backgrounds. He would even say in these notes [he wanted] a more monochromatic look for the backgrounds, a nice backdrop for the characters.”

This role of Walt Disney and his Nine Old Men kept a consistency in the company’s animated films for thirty years, and there are parallels to be made between their first film together – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – and their last: The Jungle Book.

By contrast, the live-action remake of The Jungle Book shows how vastly the company has changed since Walt Disney’s death in 1966. The company made its last 2D animated feature film in 2011, and its biggest hits of the 21st century – such as Frozen I and II – have been created with CGI. It also puts a lot more stock in film sequels, which Walt Disney resisted making. The Jungle Book didn’t get a sequel until 2003.

And yet the film also signalled what was to come. Employing well-known voice actors, including pop culture references, and releasing a soundtrack with several hits instead of one major song. The Jungle Book stands on the precipice of the Disney studio of old and Disney the multinational conglomerate.

“At the end of the movie Mowgli wakes from the dream of jungle boyhood and steps into the human world. This threshold moment is followed by the bittersweet departure of Bagheera the panther and Baloo the bear back into the forest, a curtain call on the final film of Walt Disney himself and the achievements of 60 years of dedicated pencil animation.” David Surman

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[confesspinkfloyd]

I don't know why but Pink from the Wall reminds me of Norman Bates from Psycho (I love that movie soooooooo much)

[flovoid]

thank you @autumnserenade for the tag!!!

I honestly rn have soo many favourite sims/series so I couldn’t decide choosing between them andddd I did them all kinda :p

MAIN OC SIMS

floyd is the face and the reason why I named this account after, and he is sooooooo special to me so ofc I did him alongside with draco! because yk they are the criminal-detective iconic duo hehe and because they going to have a strong bond ssksdj

MAJIMA LAND

one of my current series I JUST HAD TO DO THEM they literally so unique and have so much fun dynamics and are my pride and joy, they deserve all the attention of details mwahaha

FLAWTOWN

I love flawtown don’t get me wrong- BUT I LITERALLY CANT DO ALL THE CHARACTERS THEY ARE ALOT literally a story about a town sooooo I chose some main characters who will have more screentime in the future?? who knows…

also a shame how I couldn’t include the kiddos, the website was acting weird when I added the kids model :(

[perfettamentechic]

25 marzo … ricordiamo …

25 marzo … ricordiamo … #semprevivineiricordi #nomidaricordare #personaggiimportanti #perfettamentechic

2022: Kathryn Hays, Kay Piper, modella e attrice statunitense. È stata sposata tre volte: con Sidney Steinberg, dal quale ebbe una figlia Shari Hays Wells, anch’essa attrice, con Glenn Ford e con Wolf Lieshke, impiegato nell’industria pubblicitaria.  (n. 1933) 2020: Floyd Cardoz, è stato un cuoco, imprenditore e personaggio televisivo indiano naturalizzato statunitense. (n. 1960) 2020: Mark Blum,…

[pigeonlogan]

Not me watching 2 seasons of Strike back just to see Peter O'Meara being a shitty military officer again.

And also Matthew Leitch yeeting that dead woman’s head into the truck gave me a huge jump scare.

how many shitty movies have y'all watched just to catch a glimpse of your favorite HBO war actors

[mymelodic-chapel]

Pink Floyd- The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (Psychedelic Rock, Psychedelic Pop) Released: August 4, 1967 [Columbia (EMI) Records] Producer(s): Norman Smith

[elijones94]

🐍 “I’m not like those so-called fair weather friends of yours. You can believe in me.”~ Kaa 🐍

[rockpaperscissuhs]

Band of Brothers Birthdays

January

1 John S. Zielinski Jr. (b. 1925)

21 Richard D. “Dick” Winters (b. 1918)

26 Herbert M. Sobel (b. 1912)

30 Clifford Carwood "Lip" Lipton (b. 1920)

31 Warren H. “Skip” Muck (b. 1922) & Robert B. Brewer (b. 1924)

February

8 Clarence R. Hester (b. 1916)

18 Thomas A. Peacock (b. 1920)

23 Lester A. “Les” Hashey (b. 1925)

March

1 Charles E. “Chuck” Grant (b. 1922)

2 Colonel Robert L. “Bob” Strayer (b. 1910)

4 Wayne “Skinny” Sisk (b. 1922)

10 Frank J. Perconte (b. 1917)

13 Darrell C. “Shifty” Powers (b. 1923)

14 Joseph J. “Joe” Toye (b. 1919)

24 John D. “Cowboy” Halls (b. 1922)

26 George Lavenson (b. 1917) & George H. Smith Jr. (1922)

27 Gerald J. Loraine (b. 1913)

April

3 Colonel Robert F. “Bob” Sink (b. 1905) & Patrick S. “Patty” O’Keefe (b. 1926)

5 John T. “Johnny” Julian (b. 1924)

10 Renée B. E. Lemaire (b. 1914)

11 James W. Miller (b. 1924)

15 Walter S. “Smokey” Gordon Jr. (b. 1920)

20 Ronald C. “Sparky” Speirs (b. 1920)

23 Alton M. More (b. 1920)

27 Earl E. “One Lung” McClung (b. 1923) & Henry S. “Hank” Jones Jr. (b. 1924)

28 William J. “Wild Bill” Guarnere (b. 1923)

May

12 John W. “Johnny” Martin (b. 1922)

16 Edward J. “Babe” Heffron (b. 1923)

17 Joseph D. “Joe” Liebgott (b. 1915)

19 Norman S. Dike Jr. (b. 1918) & Cleveland O. Petty (b. 1924)

25 Albert L. "Al" Mampre (b. 1922)

June

2 David K. "Web" Webster (b. 1922)

6 Augusta M. Chiwy ("Anna") (b. 1921)

13 Edward D. Shames (b. 1922)

17 George Luz (b. 1921)

18 Roy W. Cobb (b. 1914)

23 Frederick T. “Moose” Heyliger (b. 1916)

25 Albert Blithe (b. 1923)

28 Donald B. "Hoob" Hoobler (b. 1922)

July

2 Gen. Anthony C. "Nuts" McAuliffe (b. 1898)

7 Francis J. “Frank” Mellet (b. 1920)

8 Thomas Meehan III (b. 1921)

9 John A. Janovec (b. 1925)

10 Robert E. “Popeye” Wynn (b. 1921)

16 William S. Evans (b. 1910)

20 James H. “Moe” Alley Jr. (b. 1922)

23 Burton P. “Pat” Christenson (b. 1922)

29 Eugene E. Jackson (b. 1922)

31 Donald G. "Don" Malarkey (b. 1921)

August

3 Edward J. “Ed” Tipper (b. 1921)

10 Allen E. Vest (b. 1924)

15 Kenneth J. Webb (b. 1920)

18 Jack E. Foley (b. 1922)

26 Floyd M. “Tab” Talbert (b. 1923) & General Maxwell D. Taylor (b. 1901)

29 Joseph A. Lesniewski (b. 1920)

31 Alex M. Penkala Jr. (b. 1924)

September

3 William H. Dukeman Jr. (b. 1921)

11 Harold D. Webb (b. 1925)

12 Major Oliver M. Horton (b. 1912)

27 Harry F. Welsh (b. 1918)

30 Lewis “Nix” Nixon III (b. 1918)

October

5 Joseph “Joe” Ramirez (b. 1921) & Ralph F. “Doc” Spina (b. 1919) & Terrence C. "Salty" Harris (b. 1920)

6 Leo D. Boyle (b. 1913)

10 William F. “Bill” Kiehn (b. 1921)

15 Antonio C. “Tony” Garcia (b. 1924)

17 Eugene G. "Doc" Roe (b. 1922)

21 Lt. Cl. David T. Dobie (b. 1912)

28 Herbert J. Suerth Jr. (b. 1924)

31 Robert "Bob" van Klinken (b. 1919)

November

11 Myron N. “Mike” Ranney (b. 1922)

20 Denver “Bull” Randleman (b. 1920)

December

12 John “Jack” McGrath (b. 1919)

31 Lynn D. “Buck” Compton (b. 1921)

Unknown Date

Joseph P. Domingus

Richard J. Hughes (b. 1925)

Maj. Louis Kent

Father John Mahoney

George C. Rice

SOURCES

Military History Fandom Wiki

Band of Brothers Fandom Wiki

Traces of War

Find a Grave

[herpsandbirds]

Ernestine's Moth (Phytometra ernestinana), family Erebidae, Norman, OK, USA

photograph by Graham Floyd

[oatflatwhite]

BOBSTROLOGY

A completely serious presentation by @pegasusdrawnchariots and oatflatwhite

written version under the cut!

♈️Patrick O’Keefe [April 3 1926] ♈️Robert Sink [April 3 1905] ♈️John Julian [5 April 1924] ♈️Renée Lemaire [10 April 1914] ♈️James Miller [11 April 1924] ♈️Walter “Smokey” Gordon [April 15 1920] ♉️~Ronald Speirs [April 20 1920] ♉️Alton More [April 22 1920] ♉️Henry Jones [27 April 1924] ♉️Edward “Babe” Heffron [May 16 1923] ♉️John Martin [May 12 1922] ♉️Joseph Liebgott [May 17 1915] ♉️Norman Dike [May 19 1918] ♉️William Guarnere [April 28 1923] ♊️David Webster [June 2 1922] ♊️George Luz [June 17 1921] ♊️Roy Cobb [June 18 1914] ♋️Frederick “Moose” Heyliger [June 23 1916] ♋️Albert Blithe [June 25 1923] ♋️Donald Hoobler [28 June 1922] ♋️Thomas Meehan [8 July 1921] ♋️John Janovec [9 July 1925] ♋️Robert “Popeye” Wynn [July 10 1921] ♋️James "Moe" Alley [July 20 1922] ♌️~Burton “Pat” Christenson [July 23 1922] ♌️Eugene Jackson [29 July 1922] ♌️Donald Malarkey [July 31 1921] ♌️Edward Tipper [3 August 1921] ♍️Floyd Talbert [August 26 1923] ♍️Alex Penkala [August 30 1922] ♍️William Dukeman [3 September 1921] ♎️Eugene Roe [October 17 1922] ♎️Harry Welsh [September 27 1918] ♎️Lewis Nixon [September 30 1918] ♎️Ralph Spina [October 5 1919] ♎️Thomas Peacock [October 9 1923] ♏️Denver “Bull” Randleman [November 20 1920] ♑️Lynn “Buck” Compton [December 31 1921] ♑️Antonio Garcia [January 17 1925] ♒️Richard "Dick" Winters [January 21 1918] ♒️Herbert Sobel [January 26 1912] ♒️Carwood Lipton [January 30 1920] ♒️Warren “Skip” Muck [January 31 1922] ♓️Lester Hashey [23 February 1925] ♓️Charles “Chuck” Grant [1 March 1922] ♓️Robert Strayer [March 2 1912] ♓️Wayne “Skinny” Sisk [March 4 1922] ♓️Frank Perconte [March 10 1917] ♓️Darrell “Shifty” Powers [March 13 1923] ♓️Joseph Toye [March 14 1919]

6 Aries 🥉 8 Taurus 🥇 3 Gemini 7 Cancer 🥈 4 Leo 3 Virgo 5 Libra 1 Scorpio 0 Sagittarius 🥄 2 Capricorn 4 Aquarius 7 Pisces ��

10 🔥 13 🪨 12 💨 15 💧

20 cardinal 17 fixed 13 mutable

22 masculine 28 feminine

[vintagelasvegas]

Tally Ho / Aladdin / Planet Hollywood

Aladdin opened in 1966 with one of the Strip's first neon-enhanced porte-cochéres, a freestanding sign featuring a revolving, three-sided marquee, topped with an "Aladdin's Lamp," designed and fabricated by YESCO.

Timeline.

Tally Ho ('62-'65)

'61: Edwin S. Lowe announces plans for Tally Ho non-gaming hotel. In the 40s the land was owned by locals Salton, Rose, and Goldberg. (Alexander & Rebecca Salton, founding members of the Las Vegas Jewish community.)

'62: Dec. 24, Opening of Tally-Ho, hotel and country club with 9-hole golf course. 322 of the 450 rooms open during “preview opening” in Dec. The hotel was alternately spelled Tally Ho, Tally-Ho, and Tallyho.

'63: Oct. 11, Tally Ho closed. “Ed Lowe made no excuses … admits he was dead wrong about a no gambling luxury hotel.” (Hertz, RJ 10/13/63)

'63: Oct., Norman Kaye and Frank Windsor operate the Tally Ho golf course.

'63: Oct.-Dec., The hotel is sold to Kings Crown Inns of America, represented by Floyd and Beryl Cook, Donald Bolinger (Cooks Brothers Trusts, Indiana). Under lease to operators Edward Nealis, Charles Luftig, and partners, Kings Crown Tally Ho's hotel, lounge, and restaurants reopen in Dec. (Duke, RJ 12/20/63)

'64: Construction of a showroom and casino begins in Fall, misses New Year's Eve opening deadline. The showroom and casino are completed in '65, ultimately never opened. (RJ 4/8/64, RJ 5/18/65)

'65: Nealis heads 18 casino applicants of Tallyho Operating Co. who are unable to get approval from Nevada Gaming Control Board (GCB). In later years Jimmy "the Weasel" Fratianno of the Los Angeles crime family claimed he owned a piece of the Tally Ho and was to run the casino. (AP 2/17/65, RJ 11/25/84, Mob Museum 12/8/2017)

'65: Apr. 1, Tally Ho closed for the second time after King's Crown files suit against Tallyho Operating Co. for unpaid rent. Tenants are evicted, property put in control of the owners.

'65: Dec., Tally Ho bought by Milton Prell (Prell Hotel Corp.) from The Cooks Brothers Trusts.

Aladdin ('66-'97)

'66: Aladdin announced. Drawings for redesigned casino and proposed hotel tower unveiled early in the year. Martin Stern, architect. (RJ 1/2/66, RJ 1/17/66)

'66: Mar. 31, Aladdin opened. Freestanding sign and the Strip's first neon-enhanced porte-cochère by YESCO. Primary owners M. Prell, G. Gilbert, and S. Krystal, all former members of Sahara-Nevada Corp. Comedian Jackie Mason opens the 500-seat Baghdad Theatre.

'66: Dec., Prell stops $75k/month payments on the Aladdin and asks that the price be cut. The trustees agree to reduce the sale price to $5.5M. (Dayton, 4/20/72)

'67: Sep. 26, Milton Prell suffers a debilitating stroke which removes him from Aladdin management. (Dayton, 4/20/72)

'68: Apr., Stockholders of Prell Hotel Corp. vote to merge with Parvin-Dohrmann Co., leading to Parvin-Dohrmann take-over the Aladdin.

'68: Jun., Parvin-Dohrmann operation of Aladdin’s casino approved by GCB. (RJ 6/20/68)

'68: Sep., 28, "after the stock trade was finalized, Milton Prell, by this time paralyzed, was told by the new management he had two weeks to get out of the Aladdin." (McKnight, Alexander. Journal Herald, 4/20/72)

'70: Parvin-Dohrmann adopts the new name Recrion, and strips the firm of all its holdings except for its three Las Vegas hotel-casinos: Aladdin, Fremont, and Stardust.

'71: Oct.-Dec., Recrion announces sale to Sam Diamond, P. Webbe, R. Daly, D. Aikin as Aladdin Hotel Corp. Diamond announces plans for hotel tower.

'71: Entertainment director James Tamer is involved in secretly managing the casino and directing the skim, according to later conviction.

'74: Aladdin investigated by GCB for issuing comps to organized crime figures.

'74: Groundbreaking for the “Tower of Majesty” high-rise, and theater. Lee Linton, architect. Years later in '83, Linton and Aladdin attorney Sorkis Webbe are each convicted of tax fraud in relating to a kickback scheme during the '74 expansion.

'76: Jul., Tower and Theatre for the Performing Arts opened; new porte-cochère by Charles Barnard, Ad-Art; original sign replaced; all financed by Teamsters Central States Pension Fund loan.

'76: Mae Ellen George buys 24% of the hotel, relying on advice of Tamer.

'78: Aug. 3, Detroit federal grand jury indicts Tamer, Aladdin GM James Abraham, Aladdin casino manager Edward Monazym, and Charles Goldfarb (denied a license in ’71) of conspiring to allow hidden owners to exert control over the resort. Owners of the Aladdin at this time are Webbe (34%), Diamond (23%), Mae George (19%), Daly (14%), John Jenkins (8%), and George Morse (2%). (RJ 8/3/78)

'79: Mar. 13, Tamer, Abraham, Monazym, and Goldfarb convicted.

'79: Aug., GCB closes the resort; U.S. District Judge Claiborne opens it hours later, “until a mob-free buyer could be found.” (German, RJ 9/20/2021.)

'80: Jan., Ed Nigro gains a court-sanctioned takeover of the Aladdin after he and Johnny Carson sign an agreement to buy the property for $105M. The deal falls through.

'80: Jul. 10, GCB revokes Aladdin's license and the casino is closed; hotel remains open.

'80: Oct. 1, Casino is reopened after Ed Torres and Wayne Newton buy the Aladdin for $85M.

'82: Jul, Torres buys Newton's shares of the Aladdin.

'84: Feb., Aladdin placed under bankruptcy protection after a Teamsters Pension Fund forces foreclosure.

'85: Jan. 22, Ginji Yasuda buys the Aladdin for $54M; casino closed during Yasuda licensing.

'87: Apr. 1, gaming reopens.

'89: Aug., Yasuda, failing to reveal the source of millions in loans, loses his gaming license; Aladdin forced into bankruptcy.

'89: Sep., Court appointed trustee Jack Fidelman, and WDT Associates (Wm. and Tim Dougall, Larry Bertsch) take over operating the hotel. Aladdin remains in bankruptcy through the early 90s.

'91: Jun., Property title transferred to Bell Atlantic Tricon Leasing Corp when no buyers meet the minimum bid.

'92: Jun., Aladdin emerges from 3-year bankruptcy, control is given to Joe Burt and his JMJ management team on a 12-year lease with Bell Atlantic Tricon.

'94: Dec., Jack Sommer, Signman Sommer Family Trust, buys the Aladdin for $80M. "When the family trust sold a major New York property in '94, Sommer needed to find a real estate investment for the proceeds to avoid substantial capital-gains taxes. The Aladdin was on the market at the time." (Simpson. RJ 8/13/2000.) Other potential buyers included Donald Trump.

'97, Nov 25: Aladdin closed. A new hotel-casino to be built on the 35-acre parcel.

'98, Apr 28: Aladdin tower demolished. Former Tally Ho rooms later demolished; Theater remains.

Aladdin (2000-2007) Planet Hollywood (2007-)

2000: New build of the Aladdin. Mall opens 8/17/00, hotel and casino delayed, opening 8/18/00. Cost: $1.1B.

2001: Sep., Aladdin files for bankruptcy.

2003: Aladdin sold for $635M to OpBiz investment group led by Planet Hollywood CEO Robert Earl. Sale finalized 9/1/2004.

2007: Apr. 17, renamed Planet Hollywood.

2009: Harrah’s Ent. purchases part of the $860M mortgage, takes full ownership in Feb. 2010. Harrah’s later rebranded as Caesars Entertainment.

Photos of Tally Ho | Photos of the Aladdin

Headline photo: Undated, circa '68, from The Magic Sign by Charles Barnard.

Circa Feb.-Mar. 1966: The hotel was open before the casino. Installation of the sign is beginning. Photo: Las Vegas News Bureau.

Mar. 1966: Sequence of photographs showing YESCO’s revolving, three-sided Aladdin pylon structure being pieced together by dual cranes ahead of their opening on the 31st. Ad-Art collection, from Charles Barnard’s The Magic Sign.

Undated, Las Vegas News Bureau.

3/31/66 – Opening night. Four men holding scissors are Bill Braire, Las Vegas Mayor Oran Gragson, Milton Prell, Las Vegas Sun Publisher Hank Greenspun. Las Vegas News Bureau, LVCVA Archive.

“Aladdin Casino was the first Las Vegas hotel to integrate major sign elements and neon into its porte-cochère. Sign modules were incised into the leading edge of the projecting canopy and wrap-around grids of incandescent lamps followed these contours back to the entry.” - Charles Barnard, The Magic Sign. Photo: Las Vegas News Bureau.

Postcard c. '66-'68

Showgirls at the Aladdin, 1966. Las Vegas News Bureau.

Timeline sources.

Previous landowners: C.D. Baker Map of Las Vegas Valley ’40; Alexander Salton. UNLV Special Collections & Archives.

Tally Ho: Tallyho Preview Attracts 3500. Review-Journal, 12/28/62; Tallyho Hotel Closes. Review-Journal, 10/11/63 p1; Murray Hertz. Future of Tallyho Raises Questions. Review-Journal, 10/13/63; Gordon Kent. Tally-Ho Hotel Sold. Review-Journal, 11/1/63; Forrest Duke. New Tallyho Sale Deal. Review-Journal, 12/20/63; Tallyho Plans $1 Million Show. Review-Journal, 4/8/64; Associated Press. Gaming Board Refuses Tallyho Casino License. Review-Journal, 2/17/65 p1; G. Kent, F. Duke. Strip Hotel Closes. Review-Journal, 4/1/65 p1; Tallyho Sues Owners. Review-Journal, 5/18/65 p1.

Tally Ho and Aladdin sales covered in a series by Keith McKnight and Andrew Alexander for The Journal Herald, Dayton OH. Welsh confirmed with crime figures. Journal Herald, 4/20/72; Firm with crime ties linked to casino deal. Journal Herald, 4/21/72.

Aladdin: Associated Press. Gamers Approve. Review-Journal, 6/20/68 p1; Associated Press. Firm adopts new name: Recrion Corp. Reno Gazette Journal, 12/14/70; Lou Miller. Aladdin Hotel sold. Review-Journal, 11/8/71; Jerry Ralya. New Aladdin Corporation seeks license. Review-Journal, 12/29/71; Aladdin execs indicted. Review-Journal, 8/3/78; AP. Las Vegas architect sentenced to prison. Review-Journal, 3/8/83; AP. Webbe convicted. Review-Journal, 6/19/83; Jane Ann Morrison. LV Casinos Targeted in Money Laundering. Review-Journal, 11/25/84; Aladdin Hotel's history spans 30 years. Review-Journal, 1/5/94 p3; Dave Palermo. Aladdin Hotel finally sells. Review-Journal, 12/9/94 p1; History. Review-Journal, 11/23/97 p14; Jeff Simpson. Aladdin owner faces music. Review-Journal, 8/13/2000; Chronology of the Aladdin hotel-casino. Las Vegas Sun, 8/18/2000. John L. Smith. Sharks in the Desert. Barricade Books, 2005; David Schwartz. Jimmy The Weasel Fratianno. themobmuseum.org, 12/8/2017; Jeff German. The Genie in the Lamp, and Close the Place Down. Review-Journal, 9/20/2021.