#Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Recycling Market trends

[businessindustry]

2032, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Recycling Market Growth and Research 2024-2032

The Reports and Insights, a leading market research company, has recently releases report titled “Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Recycling Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2024-2032.” The study provides a detailed analysis of the industry, including the global Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Recycling Market Size share, trends, and growth forecasts. The report also includes competitor and regional analysis and highlights the latest advancements in the market.

Report Highlights:

How big is the Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Recycling Market?

The expanded polystyrene (EPS) recycling market size reached US$ 19.7 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, Reports and Insights expects the market to reach US$ 36.5 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.7% during 2024-2032.

What are Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Recycling?

EPS recycling is the practice of collecting, sorting, and processing EPS foam products to reclaim the material for reuse. EPS, also known as Styrofoam, is a lightweight and rigid plastic material utilized in packaging and insulation. The recycling process involves compressing the foam to reduce its size and then melting it down to create dense blocks or pellets suitable for manufacturing new products. EPS recycling contributes to environmental sustainability by diverting EPS waste from landfills and reducing the demand for new plastic production.

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What are the growth prospects and trends in the Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Recycling industry?

The expanded polystyrene (EPS) recycling market growth is driven by various factors. The market for recycling expanded polystyrene (EPS) is expanding, fueled by growing environmental consciousness and regulatory measures promoting recycling practices. EPS, widely utilized in packaging and construction, significantly contributes to plastic waste. Recycling EPS involves collecting, cleaning, and processing it into reusable material for diverse applications. Market growth is propelled by increasing demand for recycled EPS in the construction and packaging sectors, driven by sustainability objectives and economic advantages. Moreover, technological advancements in EPS recycling and government support for recycling initiatives are further driving market growth. Hence, all these factors contribute to expanded polystyrene (EPS) recycling market growth.

What is included in market segmentation?

The report has segmented the market into the following categories:

By EPS Waste Type:

Post-consumer EPS waste

Pre-consumer EPS waste

By EPS Recycling Process:

Mechanical recycling

Chemical recycling

Other recycling processes

By End-Use Industry:

Packaging

Construction

Electrical and Electronics

Automotive

Others

By Recycled EPS Product:

Packaging materials

Insulation boards

Molded products

Composite materials

Others

By Source of Collection:

Municipal recycling programs

Industrial and commercial collection

Retail collection

Other

By Recycling Equipment:

Shredders

Granulators

Densifiers

Extruders

Others

By Application:

Packaging

Building and construction

Insulation

Consumer goods

Others

By Distribution Channel:

Direct sales

Distributor sales

E-commerce

By Market Type:

Business to Business (B2B)

Business to Consumer (B2C)

Segmentation By Region:

North America:

United States

Canad

Europe:

Germany

United Kingdom

France

Italy

Spain

Russia

Poland

BENELUX

NORDIC

Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific:

China

Japan

India

South Korea

ASEAN

Australia & New Zealand

Rest of Asia Pacific

Latin America:

Brazil

Mexico

Argentina

Middle East & Africa:

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

United Arab Emirates

Israel

Rest of MEA

Who are the key players operating in the industry?

The report covers the major market players including:

Dart Container Corporation

NOVA Chemicals Corporation

ACH Foam Technologies, LLC

Ravago Recycling Group

Styro Recycle LLC

Total, Petrochemicals & Refining USA, Inc.

Alpek Polyester

Repsol S.A.

Vanden Recycling

Plasti-Fab Ltd.

NexKemia Petrochemicals Inc.

EPS Industry Alliance

Vita Group

FPC Foam Plastics Corporation

Winco Foam Industries Limited

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Global Sandwich Panels Market Poised for Growth Amid Rising Demand for Energy-Efficient and Durable Construction Materials

Global Sandwich Panels Market Poised for Growth Amid Rising Demand for Energy-Efficient and Durable Construction Materials

Market Overview

The Global Sandwich Panels Market is experiencing significant growth, driven by increasing demand for lightweight, durable, and energy-efficient construction materials. Sandwich panels, which consist of insulating core materials sandwiched between two protective layers, are widely used in industrial buildings, warehouses, cold storage facilities, residential housing, and commercial structures.

The market expansion is fueled by urbanization, infrastructure development, and stringent energy efficiency regulations. Governments and private sectors worldwide are adopting sustainable construction materials that enhance thermal insulation, soundproofing, and fire resistance, positioning sandwich panels as a preferred solution for modern construction projects.

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Market Insights & Trends

Growing Demand for Prefabricated and Modular Construction: The rise in off-site construction and pre-engineered buildings (PEB) is increasing the adoption of sandwich panels for quick and efficient installations.

Advancements in Insulation Materials: The use of polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR), mineral wool, and expanded polystyrene (EPS) is enhancing the thermal and fire-resistant properties of sandwich panels.

Rising Adoption in Cold Storage and Logistics: The growth of the food & beverage industry, pharmaceutical cold chains, and temperature-sensitive storage solutions is driving demand for high-performance insulated sandwich panels.

Focus on Sustainable & Fire-Resistant Solutions: Manufacturers are developing eco-friendly sandwich panels with recyclable materials and improved fire safety compliance to meet regulatory standards.

Increased Investment in Smart Cities & Infrastructure: Government initiatives for green buildings, smart cities, and industrial expansion projects are boosting the use of cost-effective, energy-efficient sandwich panels.

Key Players in the Market

The Global Sandwich Panels Market is highly competitive, with major players focusing on technological innovations, enhanced insulation materials, and sustainable solutions. Leading companies include:

Kingspan Group

ArcelorMittal Construction

Isopan S.p.A.

Nucor Building Systems

Metecno Group

Tata Steel

Alubel S.p.A.

Ruukki Construction

Dana Group

Zamil Steel Holding Company

These companies are investing in high-performance, eco-friendly, and energy-efficient sandwich panel solutions to meet growing market demands.

Full Report:- https://www.researchallied.com/report/61539-global-sandwich-panels-market/

Regional Insights

North America: The United States and Canada are leading markets, driven by sustainability initiatives, green building codes, and increased adoption in cold storage applications.

Europe: Countries like Germany, France, and the UK are witnessing high demand for fire-resistant and energy-efficient sandwich panels, supported by stringent environmental regulations.

Asia-Pacific: China, India, and Japan are experiencing rapid market growth due to urbanization, rising infrastructure investments, and expansion of industrial and logistics sectors.

South America, Middle East & Africa: Growing investments in commercial buildings, cold storage facilities, and prefabricated housing solutions are fueling market expansion in these regions.

Market Outlook & Growth Prospects

The Global Sandwich Panels Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 6% through 2028, driven by:

Rising demand for sustainable and energy-efficient building materials

Expansion of the prefabricated and modular construction industry

Technological advancements in insulation and fire-resistant materials

Government policies promoting green buildings and smart infrastructure

Increasing need for temperature-controlled storage in food and pharmaceutical sectors

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Ice Boxes Market Trends Increasing Consumer Preference for Durability and Functionality

The ice boxes market focuses on portable cooling solutions designed to preserve perishable goods, beverages, and food items during transport or outdoor activities. These products are widely used in camping, fishing, travel, and medical transport. The increasing popularity of outdoor activities and rising demand for sustainable, efficient cooling solutions is driving market growth.

1. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Rising Popularity of Outdoor Recreational Activities The increasing trend of outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, and fishing is a significant driver in the ice boxes market. As more consumers engage in outdoor recreation, the need for reliable cooling solutions is on the rise. Ice boxes are an essential part of outdoor equipment, and this trend is expected to continue growing, especially in developed regions.

2. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Technological Advancements in Insulation Materials Innovation in insulation technology is transforming the ice boxes market. Manufacturers are increasingly using advanced materials such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane foam, which enhance the cooling efficiency and longevity of ice boxes. These technological advancements are driving consumer interest in more durable, high-performance ice boxes that provide longer-lasting cooling.

3. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Increasing Consumer Preference for Durability and Functionality Consumers are increasingly prioritizing durability and functionality when choosing ice boxes. Market trends show that buyers now prefer models that offer superior insulation, enhanced portability, and added features such as built-in bottle openers, cup holders, and wheels. This trend is driven by the desire for convenience and long-term value in outdoor cooling solutions.

4. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Growth of Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Products As sustainability becomes a key factor in consumer purchasing decisions, the demand for eco-friendly ice boxes is rising. Research reveals that many buyers now prefer products made from recycled or sustainable materials, such as biodegradable insulation and recyclable plastics. Manufacturers are adapting to these preferences by offering more environmentally friendly ice boxes.

5. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Emergence of Smart Ice Boxes with Advanced Features The integration of smart technology into ice boxes is gaining traction in the market. Smart ice boxes that feature temperature control systems, real-time monitoring, and even GPS tracking are attracting tech-savvy consumers. These products offer greater convenience, especially for long trips or for use in remote areas where reliable cooling is essential.

6. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Influence of Online Retail and E-Commerce Growth Online retail and e-commerce have revolutionized the ice boxes market. The ease of purchasing products online, along with detailed product descriptions and customer reviews, has led to a shift in consumer buying habits. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on online channels to reach a broader audience, making it easier for consumers to compare options and make informed purchases.

7. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Rising Demand for Compact and Portable Models With a growing number of consumers seeking compact and easy-to-carry cooling solutions, the market for portable ice boxes is expanding. Trends indicate that smaller, lightweight models are becoming increasingly popular, especially among urban dwellers and younger consumers. These ice boxes cater to short trips, picnics, and events where portability is a key consideration.

8. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Seasonal Demand Fluctuations and Sales Patterns The ice boxes market experiences seasonal fluctuations, with peak demand during warmer months when outdoor activities and events are most frequent. Research shows that the market also sees increased sales during holiday seasons and summer festivals. Understanding these seasonal patterns helps manufacturers and retailers align their production and marketing strategies with consumer demand.

9. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Shift Towards Multi-Functional and Versatile Products Today’s consumers seek multi-functional products that provide more than just basic cooling. As a result, ice boxes are evolving to offer additional features, such as being able to double as seats, tables, or storage units. This versatility appeals to those looking for products that serve multiple purposes, particularly for extended outdoor trips and events.

10. Ice Boxes Market Trends: Growth in Commercial and Medical Applications While consumer demand is a significant factor, research also highlights the growing use of ice boxes in commercial and medical applications. Medical transportation, including the storage and transport of vaccines, medicines, and biological samples, is contributing to market growth. The foodservice industry is also adopting ice boxes for short-term cold storage in mobile kitchens and food trucks.

Conclusion The ice boxes market is witnessing significant trends driven by consumer preferences for more efficient, eco-friendly, and multi-functional products. Advancements in insulation materials, smart technology integration, and the growing popularity of outdoor activities are all contributing to the market’s expansion. With seasonal demand fluctuations and emerging applications, manufacturers are focusing on innovation to meet diverse consumer needs in both the recreational and commercial sectors. As the market continues to evolve, it is clear that the future of ice boxes will be shaped by technological advancements, sustainability concerns, and a growing demand for versatile products.

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Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Packaging Market: Growth, Trends, and Future Outlook

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) packaging has become a cornerstone in various industries due to its lightweight, cost-effectiveness, and excellent protective properties. As the global demand for efficient packaging solutions rises, the EPS packaging market is poised for significant growth. This article delves into the current market landscape, key drivers, segmentation, regional insights, and future prospects of the EPS packaging industry.

Market Overview

As of 2023, the global EPS packaging market was valued at approximately USD 10.05 billion. Projections indicate that this market will reach around USD 13.58 billion by 2030, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.40% during the forecast period.

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Key Market Drivers

E-commerce Expansion: The surge in online shopping has heightened the need for reliable packaging solutions that ensure product safety during transit. EPS packaging, with its shock-absorbing properties, has become a preferred choice for protecting goods in the e-commerce sector.

Growth in the Retail Sector: The expanding retail industry demands efficient packaging to preserve product integrity and extend shelf life. EPS packaging offers insulation and protection, making it suitable for a wide range of retail products.

Sustainability Initiatives: EPS is recyclable and contributes to reducing environmental impact. Advancements in recycling technologies have enhanced the sustainability profile of EPS packaging, aligning with global environmental goals.

Market Segmentation

The EPS packaging market can be segmented based on density, application, and region.

By Density:

15.0-19.9 kg/m³: Suitable for lightweight applications requiring moderate protection.

20.0-29.9 kg/m³: Ideal for general-purpose packaging with balanced strength and cushioning.

30-34.9 kg/m³ and above: Used for heavy-duty applications demanding high durability and impact resistance.

By Application:

Food and Beverage: EPS packaging maintains temperature and protects perishable items, ensuring food safety and quality.

Electronic Appliances: Provides cushioning and protection for delicate electronic devices during shipping and handling.

Healthcare: Ensures the safe transport of medical equipment and temperature-sensitive pharmaceuticals.

Others: Includes applications in automotive parts, consumer goods, and industrial products.

Regional Insights

North America: A mature market with steady demand, driven by the robust e-commerce and electronics sectors.

Asia Pacific: Expected to witness the highest growth rate due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increasing disposable incomes in countries like China and India.

Europe: Focuses on sustainable packaging solutions, with stringent regulations promoting the use of recyclable materials like EPS.

Middle East & Africa: Emerging markets with growing demand for efficient packaging solutions in the food and construction industries.

Competitive Landscape

Key players in the EPS packaging market include BASF, Ineos, Kaneka, Sabic, Synthos, Total SA, Nova Chemicals, ACH Foam Technologies, Alpek SAB de CV, Jackon, Knauf, and Monotez. These companies focus on product innovation, strategic partnerships, and expanding their geographical presence to maintain a competitive edge in the market.

Future Prospects

The EPS packaging market is poised for continued growth, with several trends shaping its future trajectory:

Technological Advancements: Ongoing research and development efforts are leading to the creation of EPS variants with enhanced properties, such as improved thermal insulation and fire resistance, broadening their application scope.

Regulatory Compliance: Adherence to evolving global regulations regarding packaging materials and sustainability will be crucial for market players to ensure compliance and consumer trust.

Customization and Aesthetics: Brands are likely to invest in customizable EPS packaging designs to enhance product differentiation and appeal to diverse consumer preferences.

Conclusion

The Expanded Polystyrene Packaging market presents a dynamic landscape with significant growth opportunities across various industries. Driven by consumer demand for product integrity, sustainability, and technological advancements, EPS packaging solutions are set to become increasingly prevalent. Stakeholders in this market must stay attuned to emerging trends and consumer preferences to capitalize on the potential that EPS packaging offers in the evolving global market.

[insightsresearch]

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Market Inclinations & Development Highlighted Status and Forecast 2025-2037

Analysis of Global Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Market Size by Research Nester Reveals Market to Achieve a CAGR of 5.4% During 2025-2037, Reaching USD 36.3 billion by 2037

Research Nester’s latest report, "Global Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Market: Supply & Demand Analysis, Growth Forecasts & Statistics Report 2025-2037," offers an in-depth competitor analysis and insights into market segmentation by density and end use industry. It includes a detailed assessment of market drivers, technological innovations, and sustainability trends shaping the expanded polystyrene (EPS) sector.

Sustainable Packaging and Construction Demand to Drive Market Expansion

The expanded polystyrene market is anticipated to witness significant growth due to increased demand in various sectors, mainly driven by the construction and packaging industries. Growing infrastructure investment, especially in emerging economies, increases demand for EPS steadily due to its insulation properties and efficiency in energy use. Besides, ecological concerns have changed the focus towards sustainable packaging solutions, which, in turn, facilitates the use of EPS within the packaging industry since it provides better protection and cushioning. Furthermore, technological advancement allows the recycling and reuse of EPS and guarantees a positive outlook for the market by 2037.

Key Drivers and Challenges Impacting the Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Market

Growth Drivers:

Increasing demand for sustainable packaging solutions

Expansion of the construction sector

Technological advancements in recycling capabilities

Challenges:

Environmental regulations on plastic use

Price volatility of raw materials

Access our detailed report at: https://www.researchnester.com/reports/expanded-polystyrene-eps-market/5163

By density, high density EPS is expected to dominate the market with a 68.5% share during the forecast period, driven by strong properties that make the material apt for heavy-duty applications involving construction and automotive components. High density EPS offers superior insulation, thus supporting the growing attention being paid to energy-efficient building materials and global sustainability initiatives. Therefore, the segment is well-placed for considerable opportunity with increasing demands for durable, energy-saving materials.

By region, Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the market with a share of 47.6% during the forecast period. In China, EPS finds huge demand due to continuous infrastructural projects and a strong manufacturing sector. Government policies have been formulating and promoting energy-efficient construction methods. The growth of the EPS market in India is driven by the booming construction sector that is bustling with urban development projects and, at the same time, government initiatives to build public facilities such as apartments, schools, and hospitals. India has now shifted its focus to low-income housing and green building standards, raising the need for energy-efficient and cost-effective insulation material. 

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The expanded polystyrene market is highly competitive and includes leading players such as BASF SE, Synthos S.A., TotalEnergies SE, and Dow Chemical Company at the forefront. Large companies with substantial R&D and worldwide distribution networks continue to hold this competitive edge with the latest advances in sustainable EPS solutions. Companies such as StyroChem International, SABIC, and NOVA Chemicals Corporation consolidate their positions further through additional investment in environment-friendly production technologies and expansion of their respective EPS portfolios. 

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[pranalipawarshinde]

Expanded Polystyrene - Latest Trends and Future Growth Study by 2033

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a rigid, lightweight, closed-cell foam. It is used in a variety of applications, including packaging, insulation, and construction.

Key Trends

There are several key trends in Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) technology. One is the development of more environmentally friendly production processes. For example, some manufacturers are using recycled EPS in their products, and others are using more energy-efficient production methods.

Another trend is the development of new uses for EPS. For example, EPS is being used more and more in the construction industry as an insulation material. It is also being used in the packaging of electronic products and in the production of lightweight composite materials.

Finally, there is an increasing focus on the recycling of EPS. As EPS is a lightweight and easily recyclable material, it has the potential to be recycled multiple times. This would reduce the number of waste EPS that ends up in landfill sites.

Key Drivers

The key drivers of the expanded polystyrene market are its low cost, easy availability, and wide range of applications. Expanded polystyrene is a lightweight, rigid, and thermally-insulating material made from petroleum-based styrene monomer. It is used in a variety of applications, including packaging, insulation, and construction. The material is produced by expanding styrene monomer with a blowing agent, typically pentane.

The global expanded polystyrene market is driven by the growing demand from the packaging industry. Expanded polystyrene is widely used in the packaging of food, electronics, and other consumer goods. The material is lightweight and has excellent cushioning properties, making it ideal for packaging applications. The growing demand from the construction industry is another key driver of the expanded polystyrene market. The material is used in a variety of construction applications, including insulation, soundproofing, and structural support.

The expanded polystyrene market is restrained by the volatile prices of raw materials. The prices of styrene monomer and pentane, the two key raw materials used in the production of expanded polystyrene, are highly volatile. This volatility affects the cost of expanded polystyrene and, ultimately, the demand for the material.

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[jedyfwf]

Styrene Market Report: Trends, Analysis, and Projections

Styrene, a key monomer in the production of various polymers and plastics, holds a significant position in the global petrochemical industry. This blog explores the dynamics of the global styrene market, analyzing key drivers, applications across industries, emerging trends, and future growth prospects.

Understanding the Styrene Market:

Styrene (C8H8) is an aromatic hydrocarbon obtained from the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, primarily used in the production of polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and various thermoplastic elastomers.

Market Dynamics:

Polystyrene Production: Styrene is a crucial raw material for manufacturing polystyrene (PS), a versatile thermoplastic used in packaging, disposable containers, insulation, and consumer goods due to its lightweight and insulating properties.

ABS and SBR Production: Styrene contributes to the production of ABS, a high-impact engineering thermoplastic used in automotive parts, appliances, and electronics, as well as SBR, a synthetic rubber widely used in tires, footwear, and industrial applications.

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS): Styrene is essential for producing EPS foam, used in insulation boards, packaging materials, and construction applications due to its lightweight, thermal insulation, and cushioning properties.

Resins and Coatings: Styrene-based resins and coatings find applications in fiberglass-reinforced composites, boat hulls, automotive parts, and protective coatings for metal and concrete surfaces.

Applications Across Industries:

Packaging: Polystyrene foam, containers, packaging materials.

Automotive and Transportation: ABS plastics, SBR rubber for tires.

Construction: EPS insulation, foam boards, building materials.

Consumer Goods: Appliances, electronics, household products.

Market Trends:

Circular Economy Initiatives: Growing emphasis on recycling, sustainability, and circular economy models drive innovations in styrene recycling technologies and the development of bio-based styrene from renewable feedstocks.

Demand from Emerging Economies: Increasing urbanization, infrastructure development, and rising consumer demand in emerging economies fuel the demand for styrene-based products across multiple industries.

Technological Advancements: Innovations in polymerization processes, catalyst technologies, and material science lead to the development of high-performance styrene-based polymers with enhanced properties and applications.

Future Prospects:

The global styrene market is poised for continued growth, driven by the expanding plastics, packaging, automotive, and construction sectors. Sustainable practices, technological innovations, and strategic collaborations will shape the market's evolution towards greener and more efficient production processes.

Conclusion:

Styrene remains a vital component in the production of polymers, plastics, and rubber materials essential for diverse industries. Understanding market trends, regulatory shifts towards sustainability, and technological advancements is crucial for stakeholders in the styrene market. With a focus on innovation, recycling, and market diversification, the styrene market presents promising opportunities for growth and advancements in global industrial applications and sustainable solutions.

[chemanalystdata]

Expanded Polystyrene Prices, Price, Pricing, Trend, Demand and Forecast | ChemAnalyst

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) prices have witnessed fluctuations influenced by various factors, impacting industries relying on this versatile material. EPS, known for its lightweight, insulating, and cost-effective properties, finds extensive applications in packaging, construction, and manufacturing sectors. Recent market dynamics, including supply chain disruptions, raw material costs, and environmental regulations, have significantly influenced EPS pricing trends.

The global EPS market is intricately linked with the petroleum industry, as polystyrene, the precursor to EPS, is derived from styrene, a petroleum byproduct. Fluctuations in crude oil prices directly impact EPS manufacturing costs. Any disruption in the petroleum supply chain due to geopolitical tensions or production cuts can lead to price volatility in EPS. Additionally, the availability of styrene monomer, a key component in EPS production, is subject to market forces, impacting EPS prices.

Moreover, environmental regulations and sustainability concerns play a crucial role in EPS pricing. With growing awareness about plastic pollution and the need for eco-friendly alternatives, governments worldwide are imposing stringent regulations on EPS usage and disposal. Bans on single-use plastics, including EPS foam products, have led to shifts in consumer preferences towards more sustainable packaging solutions. Such regulatory changes can affect demand-supply dynamics, consequently influencing EPS prices.

Furthermore, EPS prices are influenced by supply chain disruptions, particularly in the wake of global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdown measures, trade restrictions, and transportation challenges have disrupted the supply of raw materials and hindered manufacturing operations, leading to sporadic shortages and price fluctuations in the EPS market. Uncertainties surrounding future disruptions continue to pose challenges for EPS manufacturers and buyers alike, impacting pricing strategies.

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Additionally, market demand for EPS varies across different sectors, further influencing its pricing dynamics. The packaging industry, which accounts for a significant portion of EPS consumption, experiences seasonal fluctuations and demand spikes during peak periods such as holidays. Construction projects, another major consumer of EPS for insulation and lightweight concrete applications, also impact pricing trends, with factors like housing market dynamics and infrastructure investments influencing demand levels.

Despite these challenges, technological advancements and innovation in EPS manufacturing processes offer opportunities for cost optimization and price stabilization. Manufacturers are investing in research and development to enhance production efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and explore alternative raw materials, thereby mitigating the impact of volatile input costs on EPS prices. Additionally, the development of bio-based EPS and recycling initiatives holds promise for sustainable and cost-effective solutions, aligning with evolving market demands and regulatory requirements.

In conclusion, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) prices are subject to a myriad of factors ranging from raw material costs and supply chain disruptions to environmental regulations and market demand dynamics. The interplay of these factors creates a complex pricing landscape, impacting industries reliant on EPS for packaging, construction, and manufacturing purposes. As the market evolves, stakeholders must adapt to changing conditions, leveraging technological innovations and sustainable practices to navigate challenges and ensure the competitiveness and sustainability of EPS products in the global market.

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Comprehensive Analysis of the Expandable Polystyrene Market

The expandable polystyrene (EPS) market is witnessing significant growth globally, driven by increasing demand from various end-use industries such as packaging, construction, and automotive. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the expandable polystyrene market, focusing on key trends, drivers, challenges, and future outlook.

Market Overview

Expandable polystyrene, commonly known as EPS, is a lightweight, versatile, and cost-effective plastic material used in a wide range of applications. Its unique properties such as insulation, cushioning, and moisture resistance make it suitable for packaging, insulation, and construction purposes. The global EPS market is experiencing steady growth, propelled by its widespread adoption across diverse industries.

Key Market Trends

Growing Demand for Sustainable Packaging Solutions

With increasing environmental concerns and regulations aimed at reducing plastic waste, there is a growing demand for sustainable packaging alternatives. Expandable polystyrene offers recyclable and reusable packaging solutions, making it an attractive choice for environmentally conscious consumers and businesses.

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Expansion in Construction and Building Materials

The construction industry is a significant consumer of expandable polystyrene, where it is used for insulation, lightweight concrete, and decorative molding applications. As the construction sector continues to expand globally, particularly in emerging economies, the demand for EPS in building materials is expected to rise steadily.

Market Challenges

Environmental Concerns and Recycling Challenges

Despite its benefits, expandable polystyrene faces criticism due to its non-biodegradable nature and potential environmental impact. The recycling of EPS can be challenging due to its low density and volume, leading to concerns about landfill pollution and marine debris. Addressing these environmental concerns and improving recycling infrastructure are key challenges for the EPS industry.

Volatility in Raw Material Prices

The EPS market is sensitive to fluctuations in raw material prices, particularly the prices of styrene monomer, which is a key feedstock for EPS production. Volatility in raw material prices can impact production costs, profit margins, and pricing strategies for EPS manufacturers, posing challenges for market stability and profitability.

Future Outlook

Despite challenges, the expandable polystyrene market is expected to continue growing, driven by increasing demand from end-use industries such as packaging, construction, and automotive. Innovations in recycling technologies, development of bio-based alternatives, and growing awareness of sustainable practices are expected to shape the future of the EPS industry.

[dataseries]

Global Expandable Polystyrene Market Analysis and Forecast

Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) is a versatile material widely used in various industries, from packaging to construction. This article provides a comprehensive analysis and forecast of the global Expandable Polystyrene market, examining key trends, market dynamics, and future prospects for this essential polymer.

Understanding Expandable Polystyrene (EPS)

Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) is a lightweight, rigid, plastic foam composed of small beads. It is known for its excellent insulation properties, shock absorption, and versatility, making it a valuable material in multiple applications.

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Expandable Polystyrene Market Size and Growth

1. Market Size

The global Expandable Polystyrene market is substantial, driven by its wide range of applications, including packaging, construction, and automotive industries.

2. Market Growth

The market has experienced steady growth due to factors like urbanization, increased consumer demand for packaged goods, and the need for energy-efficient construction materials.

Expandable Polystyrene Market Key Trends and Drivers

1. Sustainable and Recyclable Solutions

The demand for sustainable EPS solutions, including recyclable materials and reduced environmental impact, is a significant trend driven by environmental regulations and consumer preferences.

2. Construction Industry Growth

The construction industry's expansion, particularly in emerging markets, has increased the demand for EPS insulation materials, contributing to market growth.

3. Packaging Innovations

Innovations in packaging, such as protective packaging solutions and lightweight containers, have boosted EPS usage in the packaging sector.

4. Automotive Lightweighting

The automotive industry's focus on reducing vehicle weight for improved fuel efficiency has led to the increased use of EPS in automotive components.

5. Consumer Electronics Packaging

The growth of the consumer electronics market has driven demand for EPS packaging materials that offer protection during transportation and storage.

Expandable Polystyrene Market Key Players and Competitive Landscape

The global Expandable Polystyrene market features several key players and a competitive landscape:

1. EPS Manufacturers

Leading EPS manufacturers like BASF SE, TotalEnergies SE (formerly Total S.A.), and Styron LLC (a Trinseo company) dominate the market, providing a wide range of EPS products.

2. Packaging Companies

Packaging companies such as Sonoco Products Company and DS Smith Plc utilize EPS in their packaging solutions, contributing to market competitiveness.

3. Construction Material Suppliers

Suppliers of construction materials, including Kingspan Group and Owens Corning, play a significant role in providing EPS insulation materials.

4. Automotive Suppliers

Automotive suppliers like Faurecia SA and Magna International Inc. incorporate EPS in automotive components, including interior trim and structural parts.

5. Recycling Initiatives

Companies specializing in EPS recycling, such as Styrofoam Recycling, work towards sustainable solutions, creating a competitive niche in the market.

Expandable Polystyrene Market Future Outlook

The future of the global Expandable Polystyrene market is expected to be influenced by ongoing developments:

1. Circular Economy Initiatives

Greater emphasis on circular economy practices, including EPS recycling and waste reduction, will drive sustainable growth in the market.

2. Energy Efficiency Regulations

Stricter energy efficiency regulations and green building standards will boost the demand for EPS insulation materials in the construction sector.

3. Innovative Packaging Solutions

Continued innovation in packaging solutions, including protective packaging and sustainable materials, will shape the future of EPS in the packaging industry.

4. Alternative Materials

Research and development efforts to find alternative materials with similar properties to EPS will influence the market, driven by environmental concerns.

In conclusion, the global Expandable Polystyrene market is poised for growth, driven by sustainability trends, construction industry expansion, packaging innovations, and automotive lightweighting efforts. As the landscape evolves, staying informed about these trends and focusing on sustainable solutions will be crucial for manufacturers, suppliers, and consumers looking to meet the changing demands of various industries and reduce the environmental impact of EPS usage.

[poonamcmi]

Biodegradable Foam Market is Estimated To Witness High Growth Owing To Increasing Demand for Sustainable Packaging Solutions

The global Biodegradable Foam Market is estimated to be valued at US$ 906.1 million in 2023 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 10.5% over the forecast period 2023-2030, as highlighted in a new report published by Coherent Market Insights. Market Overview: Biodegradable foam refers to a type of material that is designed to break down naturally in the environment, thus minimizing its impact on the ecosystem. It is primarily used for packaging applications as an alternative to traditional foam materials, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS). Biodegradable foam offers several advantages, including reduced carbon footprint, increased recyclability, and enhanced sustainability. The need for products associated with the biodegradable foam market is driven by the growing demand for sustainable packaging solutions across various industries. Market Key Trends: One key trend driving the biodegradable foam market is the increasing focus on the development of renewable and sustainable materials. With growing concerns about plastic waste and its impact on the environment, there is a rising demand for eco-friendly alternatives. Biodegradable foam provides a solution to this problem by offering a material that can degrade naturally over time without harming the ecosystem. It also offers similar performance attributes to traditional foam materials, ensuring reliable packaging protection. For example, BASF SE, a leading player in the biodegradable foam market, introduced a product line called Ecovio® Foam. This innovative solution is made from renewable raw materials, such as starch and polylactic acid (PLA). It provides excellent cushioning properties and can be easily composted, making it an ideal choice for sustainable packaging applications. PEST Analysis: Political: The political landscape plays a crucial role in shaping the biodegradable foam market. Governments worldwide are implementing stringent regulations and policies to reduce plastic waste and promote sustainable practices. These regulations create a favorable environment for the adoption of biodegradable foam materials. Economic: The economic factors influencing the market include the increasing consumer preference for environmentally friendly products, rapid industrialization, and the growth of end-use industries such as food and beverage, personal care, and electronics. Social: Changing consumer preferences and growing awareness about environmental conservation are driving the demand for biodegradable foam. Consumers are actively seeking sustainable packaging solutions and are willing to pay a premium for eco-friendly products. Technological: Advancements in material science and manufacturing processes have led to the development of innovative biodegradable foam solutions with improved performance characteristics. These technological advancements play a crucial role in driving the adoption of these materials in various applications. Key Takeaways: 1) Market Size: The global Biodegradable Foam Market Share  is expected to witness high growth, exhibiting a CAGR of 10.5% over the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to increasing demand for sustainable packaging solutions driven by environmental concerns and regulatory pressure. For example, the European Union's ban on single-use plastics is expected to boost the demand for biodegradable foam materials in the region. 2) Regional Analysis: North America is expected to be the fastest-growing and dominating region in the biodegradable foam market. This growth can be attributed to the region's strict environmental regulations, increasing consumer awareness about sustainable products, and the presence of major market players.

[packaging2]

Foam Cups Market: Analyzing Pricing Strategies and Price Trends

The packaging market is undergoing rapid evolution, driven by the demand for innovative solutions in the food and beverages industry. One noticeable trend is the increasing use of disposable cups, which are gaining popularity among food service providers, households, and institutions.

Disposable cups, including paper, plastic, and foam cups, continue to dominate the market due to their affordability and easy availability. Foam cups, in particular, are favored for their insulation properties, allowing beverages to maintain their desired temperature for longer periods, making them suitable for both hot and cold drinks.

However, the adoption of foam cups is facing challenges due to concerns over their non-biodegradability and limited recycling capabilities. As a result, environmentally friendly alternatives such as paper and fiber-based cups are gaining traction in food services and retail stores. Major food service providers like Dunkin’ Donuts and McDonald’s have committed to phasing out foam cups from their operations by 2020. Additionally, cities like New York have implemented bans on foam cups and containers made from expanded polystyrene (EPS).

Leading players in the foam cups market are investing in research and development efforts to address the environmental drawbacks associated with foam cups and provide eco-friendly solutions. Foam cups are known to contain harmful chemicals like benzene, which pose risks to animals and the environment. In contrast, paper cups with a thin coating of polyethylene are non-toxic when accidentally consumed. Consequently, foam cups are losing market share to paper cups in the global disposable cups market.

For More Insights on this Market, Get A Sample Report @ https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-8762

While foam cups have certain environmental disadvantages, they require fewer resources in terms of water, energy, and tree consumption compared to paper cups. Biodegradable or compostable cups are also emerging as viable alternatives to foam cups, offering environmental benefits.

Overall, the disposable cups market is witnessing a shift towards more sustainable options, driven by increasing environmental concerns and regulatory measures. Manufacturers are actively exploring new materials and technologies to develop eco-friendly and aesthetically appealing solutions to meet the evolving needs of the food and beverages industry.

Key Takeaways:

The food and beverages packaging market is witnessing the rise of new packaging solutions, prompting manufacturers to develop innovative and aesthetic products.

Disposable cups, including paper, plastic, and foam cups, are widely used in the food services industry due to their affordability and accessibility.

Foam cups are losing popularity due to their non-biodegradability and limited recycling capabilities, leading to a shift towards eco-friendly alternatives such as paper cups.

Major food service providers and cities are implementing bans on foam cups to promote environmental sustainability.

Manufacturers in the foam cups market are investing in research and development to overcome the drawbacks and provide eco-friendly solutions.

Paper cups with a thin polyethylene coating are considered a safer and more environmentally friendly option compared to foam cups.

Paper vs. Foam Cups

Foam cups contain harmful chemicals such as benzene, which is harmful to animals. The paper cups having only a thin coating of polyethylene and aren’t toxic when consumed on accident. The foam cups are not eco-friendly and less recyclable as compared to the paper cups which reduce the market share of foam cups in global disposable cups market.

On the other side, the manufacturing of foam cup requires fewer resources as compared to the paper cups in terms of water, energy, cutting trees and others. The biodegradable or compostable cups are also attributed to be a worthy environmental alternative for foam cups.

Global Foam Cups Market: Key Players

Some of the key players operating in global foam cups market are as follows:

Genpak, LLC

Master Containers, Inc.

Dart Container Corporation

Huhtamaki Oyj

CKF Inc

Dixie Consumer Products LLC

Megafoam Containers Enterprise Sdn Bhd

Pactiv LLC

Lollicup USA, Inc.

Letica Corporation

Eco-Products, Inc.

View Full Report@ https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/foam-cups-market

[greenmaxsd]

In the medical industry, EPS densifier flexibly recycles EPS in accordance with particular circumstances.

Do you believe that EPS is only used for packing food and other goods? If you believe this, it shows that you still don't fully comprehend how to use EPS. EPS has been employed in a number of more significant industries in addition to those that we frequently interact with in daily life. Take the medical sector, for instance. This might surprise you. I had no idea that EPS, a typical and affordable material, could be used in the medical sector. EPS is the preferred material for usage in medical applications, such as in organ transplantation equipment.

EPS does not contain microorganisms and provides good insulation. Because of these characteristics, EPS can be used to package and ship medications as well as human organs for transplantation. The need for EPS in medical packaging has grown significantly since governments expanded COVID-19 testing efforts to stop the coronavirus pandemic, and it is anticipated that this trend will continue in the upcoming years.

When EPS is used extensively, it must be recycled promptly. The recycling procedure will be more effective with the involvement of an EPS recycling machine. It is necessary to convert PS into EPS, which stands for expanded polystyrene, in order to ensure the quality and integrity of medical supplies while they are being transported. Since 98% of EPS is air, there are two main ways to remove it from EPS recycling machines: by using screw extrusion to squeeze out the air, or by using heating and melting technology. The latter has a greater compression ratio that can approach 90:1, which is higher.

There are numerous mechanical devices on the market now that can recover EPS, but their operating effectiveness, compression ratio, and cost performance differ. The GREENMAX EPS densifier has the highest compression ratio on the market for hot melt equipment, reaching a maximum of 90:1. Additionally, the price of this EPS densifier is relatively low. Even though it has technology on par with German machinery, it costs only two-thirds as much.

If you want to learn more about EPS densifiers, you are welcome to leave a message on the website. In that message, you can describe the specifics of the waste and your expectations. The quotations for EPS densifiers with different powers are different, and the design drawings can be modified in accordance with your particular needs. In order to maximize recycling, GREENMAX will offer you free design recommendations and recycling tips.

[blogaarti]

E-Scrap Recycling Market Growth, Trends, Size, Share, Demand And Top Growing Companies 2029

Over the last decade, the applications of electrical devices have been increasing significantly across the globe, especially in the information and communication sectors. Electronic devices such as smartphones and laptops have become a necessity today. Furthermore, the rise in disposable income of the people, growing urbanisation, and rapid industrialization in most parts of the world has promoted the use of electricals and electronic equipment. This ongoing trend is generating demand for electrical and electronic scrap at a massive rate, contributing to the e-scrap recycling market growth. Such aspects are likely to steer significant growth across the global e-scrap recycling market in the coming years. 

For More Industry Insights Read: https://www.fairfieldmarketresearch.com/report/e-scrap-recycling-market

 Stringent Regulations for Preserving Environmental Health from E-waste to Prolong Market Expansion

E-scrap contains elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, antimony, and cadmium, which are non-biodegradable and hazardous to the environment. These elements then pollute the soil and water leading to potential health risks to humans and animals. Therefore, to avoid such risks to human and environmental health, e-scrap recycling activities are being promoted. Governments worldwide are formulating stringent norms to prevent the adverse impact of e-scrap on environment. Moreover, the rise in awareness apropos to landfills has further created pathways of growth for the e-scrap recycling market. Hence, the stringent regulations to prevent the improper disposal of e-waste are likely to create high growth potential for the e-scrap recycling market. 

Plastic Recycling to Create Tremendous Headways for E-scrap Recycling Market Growth

The use of plastic has grown in the consumer electronics space and is among the most found element in e-waste. As a result, the recycling of plastic in the consumer electronic space and e-waste is likely to grow at an enormous rate. These plastic materials can be retrieved and sent for recycling. The recyclers can then use the plastic materials to manufacture products such as plastic vineyard stakes and sleepers. Additionally, the recycling of various kinds of plastic materials such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), is likely to grow at record pace. Thus, plastic recycling is expected to bode well for the growth of the global e-scrap recycling market.

North America to Emerge as a Key Player Amid Growing Penetration of Technology

The rise in GDP per capita has resulted in increased use of advanced electronic devices in residential and commercial applications of North America. Moreover, with the advancement of healthcare sector such as telehealth and other technologies, the sale of smartphones has upsurged in developed countries such as Canada and the United States. As a result of this, the amount of e-scrap generated in the region has also grown. This in turn has propelled the growth of the e-scrap recycling market in the region. 

Prominent Market Players

Some of the major players in the global e-scrap recycling market include Enviro-Hub Holdings Ltd., JX Nippon Mining and Metal Corporation, Electronic Recyclers International, DOWA HOLDINGS Co. Ltd., Umicore N.V., Stena Metall AB, Ecoreco Ltd., ITRenew Inc., and Sims Metal Management. 

For More Information Visit: https://www.fairfieldmarketresearch.com/report/e-scrap-recycling-market

 About Us

Fairfield Market Research is a UK-based market research provider. Fairfield offers a wide spectrum of services, ranging from customized reports to consulting solutions. With a strong European footprint, Fairfield operates globally and helps businesses navigate through business cycles, with quick responses and multi-pronged approaches. The company values an eye for insightful take on global matters, ably backed by a team of exceptionally experienced researchers. With a strong repository of syndicated market research reports that are continuously published & updated to ensure the ever-changing needs of customers are met with absolute promptness.

[plasticpackagingreviews-blog]

Inappropriate Use of Plastic Packaging - Reviews, Photos - Siam Paragon

Reviewed 3 July 2018 via mobile

Siam Paragon offers all the high end brands. There are brands for clothes, shoes, bags, electronics as well as automobiles. The food court area is usually full of people. It is recommended if one is in a mood to spend loads or just likes to roam around and have a look at the expensive lifestyle.

Date of experience: June 2018

Ask sohu2000 about Siam Paragon

Thank sohu2000

Huge shopping centre with many luxurious stores. You will need a bigger budget to come here. Worth the visit still.

Date of experience: July 2018

Ask azlanooi about Siam Paragon

Thank azlanooi

Siam Paragon could easily be in Singapore! It is a large mall full of high end designer shops so if you have forgotten to order that Bentley, you can buy one here (or a Ferarri if you prefer)!

Hi friends, this shopping mall is ok for all the family members , foods are very cheap in side the Foodcourt . don’t forget to go the see world , actually you can buy the ticket from Siam center . Online promotions also available, cosmetics product price is very aggressive and affordable , buy one get one promotions are always available.all together we can have a superb and cost effective shopping experience here. Thank you  

if you are mall lovers, so maybe SIAM PARAGON has everything you need, by visiting this mall you will automatically connected to the other 3 malls located in the heart of bangko by Sky Line.

If your high End spender, this place will measure your expectations, however if you are just window shopper this complex of malls also will measured your expectations. They have many cute and awesome spots for selfie and photography, not to mention dining and lounge area are easy to find.

There has been increasing concern regarding environmental problems arising from the widespread use of petroleum-based plastic materials for packaging. Many efforts have been made to develop sustainable and biodegradable packaging materials to replace plastic products. The current review summarizes recent research progress in developing cellulose packaging materials to replace plastics used for cushioning and barrier packaging functions based on pulp fibers, cellulose nanofibers, and regenerated cellulose films to benefit from their renewability, sustainability and biodegradability. The cushioning packaging materials include molded pulp products and bio-based foams. Advanced cellulose films and paper can be good barriers for oxygen and carbon dioxide gases, as well as for water vapor. Several cellulose fiber-based packaging products have been commercialized in areas that used to be occupied solely by plastic products.

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Full Article

Prospects for Replacement of Some Plastics in Packaging with Lignocellulose Materials: A Brief Review

Yanqun Su,a,b Bo Yang,b Jingang Liu,a Bo Sun,a,* Chunyu Cao,aXuejun Zou,cLutes,b and Zhibin He b,*

There has been increasing concern regarding environmental problems arising from the widespread use of petroleum-based plastic materials for packaging. Many efforts have been made to develop sustainable and biodegradable packaging materials to replace plastic products. The current review summarizes recent research progress in developing cellulose packaging materials to replace plastics used for cushioning and barrier packaging functions based on pulp fibers, cellulose nanofibers, and regenerated cellulose films to benefit from their renewability, sustainability and biodegradability. The cushioning packaging materials include molded pulp products and bio-based foams. Advanced cellulose films and paper can be good barriers for oxygen and carbon dioxide gases, as well as for water vapor. Several cellulose fiber-based packaging products have been commercialized in areas that used to be occupied solely by plastic products.

Keywords: Natural fiber; Cellulose nanofiber; Regenerated cellulose film; Cushioning packaging; Barrier performance

Contact information: a: China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Beijing, 100102 China; b: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 Canada; c: FPInnovations, Pointe Claire, Quebec, H9A 3J9 Canada;

* Corresponding authors: sunbo@cnppri.com.cn; zhe@unb.ca

INTRODUCTION

In our modern economy, packaging is playing a viable and catalytic role. Not only does it protect the contents, but it also contributes to the convenient transportation, storage, and display of products (Gutta et al. 2013). In that context, packaging is one of the fastest growing markets. The global packaging market was valued at $799 billion in 2012. It continues to grow at 4% per year, and it is expected to reach $1 trillion by 2018 (PIRA 2017).

Table 1 shows the packaging market trends. It is evident that plastic packaging has been a strongly growing product segment from 2011 to 2016, which is particularly true for flexible packaging. The growth of plastics is mainly due to its low cost, convenience to use with chemical resistance, processing possibility, transparency, strength, and so on (Khosravi-Darani and Bucci 2015; Nurul Fazita et al.2016). The properties of the synthetic polymers used in plastic materials generally are favorable with respect to the processing of films, hot sealing, printing, and integration with other materials in manufacturing operations (Bharimalla et al. 2017).

Table 1. Packaging Market Trends (Source: Pira 2011)

The wide usage of plastic packaging has caused concerns about environmental problems in the world (Greene and Tonjes 2014; Rafieian et al. 2014; Campbell et al. 2015; Attaran et al. 2017; Kuswandi 2017). Plastic packaging materials include PP (polypropylene), PET (polyester), polyethylene, polystyrene, and other petroleum-based polymers. Although most of these plastics are recyclable, in many countries post-consumer plastic packaging waste is rarely recycled because of technical and economic constraints. There are about 1 million tons of plastic waste generated annually in China, but only around 20% of it is recycled (He and Nie 2011). A major proportion of the used plastic materials end up as waste, which is either mainly deposited in landfills or contributes to litter on our roadsides, public spaces, and waterways (Gómez and Michel Jr 2013; Jambeck et al. 2015). The strain and stress of environmental balance imposed by plastic packaging materials is a driving force to develop sustainable packaging materials (Peelman et al. 2014; Scarfato et al. 2015). Natural fibers obtained from forestry and agricultural residues are renewable, completely or partially recyclable, and biodegradable (Johansson et al. 2012; Rohit and Dixit 2016). Their relatively abundant availability, absence of associated health hazards, toughness, good thermal stability, and easy surface modification, as well as satisfactory mechanical properties make them an attractive alternative for some plastic packaging materials (Azlan and David 2011; Asokan et al. 2012; Zaman et al. 2012; Zhu et al. 2014; Pan et al. 2016; Rohit and Dixit 2016). Packaging based on cellulosic fibers plays an essential role in the storage and transport of goods. In such applications, the cellulosic fibers often contribute greatly to the strength and structural stability of a package. The fibers can be used as self-standing thin films, as filler in composites, and as coating to provide high barrier properties (Ferrer et al. 2017). In addition, the fibers can be used to fabricate cushioning packaging materials, and they can serve as reinforcements in biodegradable foam (Bénézet et al. 2012; Kaisangsri et al. 2012; Ago et al. 2016) and as molded pulp products (Didone et al. 2017).

In current practices, materials based on fossil resources, mainly petroleum, hold a dominant position with respect to the preparation of barrier layers to resist the permeation of oxygen gas, water vapor, and other compounds that may affect the quality of a product (Ferrer et al.2017). Typical materials for barrier polymer films with thickness between about 10 μm and 250 μm are ethylenevinyl alcohol (EVOH), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), and polyamide (PA) (Barlow and Morgan 2013). The most widely used plastic cushioning packaging products are EPS (expanded polystyrene) and EPE (expanded polyethylene). As post-consumer waste, those polymers are difficult to reuse and recycle because of technical and economic constraints, and they can easily produce chemical contaminants during their disposal by incineration or landfilling (Greene and Tonjes 2014). The ideal solutions entail substituting for them with degradable and sustainable materials.

This review aims to give an overview of natural fibers replacing plastics for cushioning and barrier packaging as well as to provide state-of-the-art examples of cushioning and barrier packaging based on natural fibers to make clear the future prospects, challenges and research and development needs.

NATURAL FIBERS AND THEIR KEY CHARACTERISTICS

Natural fibers can be obtained from plants including wood, agriculture crops grown mainly to obtain fibers (such as flax, hemp, and sisal), and as the by-products of some crops that have other primary uses (such as wheat, corn, rice, and sugar, etc.) using appropriate physical and chemical treatments. The plants mostly consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Pectin, ash, and extractives can be found in lower quantities. The properties of fibers are different depending on the processing technologies, which affect the chemical composition and morphology of natural fibers. Therefore, the applications in packaging materials are different. The key characteristics of natural fibers have been introduced in terms of general cellulosic fibers (pulp), cellulose nanofiber, and regenerated cellulose fibers for packaging (Fig. 1).