#Erebuni Fortress

[barbariankingdom]

The "Birth certificate" of Yerevan (old name Erebuni), capital of Armenia, is a cuneiform inscription at the Erebuni Fortress left by the King of Urartu on a basalt stone slab about the foundation of the city in 782 BC. 

 Translation : By order of God Khaldi, Argishti, the son of Menua says, "I built this inaccessible fortress and named it Erebuni for the power of Biaina country and to the horror of enemy countries. The land was deserted, there was nothing built. I did powerful feats here, and 6600 soldiers were resettled from Khale and Tsupane countries here by me." 

 It was carved on basalt and now preserved in Yerevan’s Erebuni Museum.

[gokitetour]

The top 5 distinct museums in Armenia

Armenia, a country of ancient history and rich cultural heritage, has an impressive array of museums that reflect its storied past and vibrant present. This small but historically important country nestled in the Caucasus introduces visitors to its diverse artistic, historical, and scientific heritage through its museums. From the city center to the picturesque countryside, Armenia's museums present treasures spanning thousands of years, from prehistoric objects to modern art shows. Among these cultural museums, five stand out for their uniqueness and extensive collections. These institutions not only preserve Armenia’s unique heritage but also provide an insightful perspective on global history and culture. Visitors can explore the incredible Matendaran manuscripts, dive into serious history at the Armenian Genocide Museum Institute, view archaeological wonders at the Erebuni Museum, admire masterpieces at the National Gallery of Armenia, and engage in contemporary creativity in Cafesjian. They can be centers of art. Each of these museums offers a unique experience, making it accessible to anyone who wants to understand and appreciate the rich fabric of Armenian culture and history. Armenia is a treasure trove of cultural and ancient treasures, beautifully reflected in its diverse museums. These institutions now not only hold the country’s wealthiest history but also provide an insightful angle on global records and art. Here we explore five of Armenia’s most notable museums, each offering a completely unique window into the United States' vibrant past and gift.

1. The Matenadaran: Mesrop Mashtots Institute for Ancient Manuscripts

Perched on a hill overlooking Yerevan, Matendaran is one of the oldest and most comprehensive collections of medieval manuscripts in the world. Named after Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet, the museum and research institute incorporate more than 23,000 manuscripts and documents. These texts cover a huge variety of topics, inclusive of theology, philosophy, records, medicinal drugs, literature, and cosmology. In his view, the collection highlights the intellectual and cultural development of Armenia and the broader vicinity over the centuries. Visitors can marvel at illuminated manuscripts, ancient texts in different languages, and rare books that survived turbulent historical times. The museum’s basalt-facing architecture, monuments, and statues of prominent Armenian scholars reinforce its importance as a fortress of knowledge and culture.

2. Armenian Genocide Museum and Institute

The Armenian Genocide Museum, located on Tsitsernakaberd Hill in Yerevan, stands as a solemn tribute to the 1.5 million Armenians who died in the genocide committed between 1915 and 1923 by the Ottoman Empire. The museum is part of a large monument, including the towering pillar and the eternal flame. Inside, visitors are guided through a series of poignant exhibitions documenting the tragedy of the genocide, the international response, and the lasting impact on the Armenian diaspora. Photographs, documents, victims the personal resources, and the testimonies of survivors also work, feeding the storm.

3. Erebuni Museum

Located on the site of the ancient Erebuni Castle, the Erebuni Museum offers a fascinating insight into the early history of Armenia. Established in 1968 in Yerevan year 2750, excavations from the citadel date back to 782 B.C. These gadgets include cuneiform inscriptions, pottery, gear, and weapons, all of which give insight into the day-to-day existence, subculture, and administrative structure of the Urartian state. The museum layout and exhibits are designed to replicate the placement of a historical citadel and beautify the academic experience. Visitors can also explore the ruins of Erebuni Castle itself, whose partitions and foundations were partially restored, providing a tangible link to Armenia’s remote past.

4. The National Gallery of Armenia

Located in central Yerevan, the National Gallery of Armenia is the country’s premier art museum. Established in 1921, it houses an in-depth collection of more than 26,000 gadgets, spanning Armenian, Russian, and European artwork. The gallery’s Armenian series is particularly noteworthy, with works ranging from illuminated medieval manuscripts to present-day paintings and sculptures. Highlights consist of works by renowned Armenian artists Martiros Saryan and Ivan Aivazovsky, whose seascapes received global acclaim. The National Gallery now not only displays the development of Armenian artwork but additionally affords a broader context through and on its numerous worldwide collections, making it a prime place for art fanatics and researchers to build

5. Cafezian Institute of Art

Located in Yerevan’s monumental staircase Cascade, the Cafesjian Art Center offers a vibrant blend of contemporary art and new architecture. Opened in 2009, the center was founded by philanthropist Gerard L. Schmidt. The museum’s exhibitions include works by renowned artists such as Fernando Botero, Arshile Gorky, and Andy Warhol. Besides temporary permanent exhibitions, the Cafezian Center hosts cultural events, educational programs, and workshops, creating a dynamic connection between the public and contemporary art and providing a view of Yerevan adorned with sculptures the whole of the

Conclusion

Visiting five of Armenia’s pinnacle museums gives a scenic adventure through the rich material of the country’s history, artwork, and tradition. From the historical manuscripts in Matenadaran to the solemn relics of the Armenian Genocide Museum, the excavations of the Erebuni Museum, the artistic beauty of the National Gallery, and the modern-day marvels of the Cafesjian Art Gallery, those institutions provide precious insight into Armenia’s precise background. For vacationers trying to explore this cultural gem, acquiring an Armenian visa is a truthful technique, paving the way for an unforgettable revel in this historically wealthy United States.

[julianworker]

Erebuni and other Yerevan sights

Ancient Erebuni fortress sits high on a hill overlooking modern Yerevan. King Argishti I of Urartu built this site in 782BC to house a garrison of 6,600 soldiers, the first settlement on this side of the Arax river, so in some ways Erebuni was the precursor of Yerevan. The kings of Urartu used Erebuni for only around a hundred years before Rusa II chose a different site to house his…

[tripsterguru]

Faces of Yerevan - 11 most interesting places

New Post has been published on https://tripsterguru.com/faces-of-yerevan-11-most-interesting-places/

Faces of Yerevan - 11 most interesting places

The city, located in two landscape zones on the left bank of the Araks River, is the oldest city in the world. Its history began with the Erebuni fortress, which was founded by the king of the ancient state of Urartu – Argishti I. Reliable information about this was found during the dismantling of the ruins: a cuneiform text on the massive stone slab contained a message about the construction of the fortress. Judging by the serf remains, Erebuni was in the place where the southern outskirts of Yerevan is now located. Having experienced more than one tragedy, the city of unique buildings made of multi-colored tufa began to actively develop and grow after joining the USSR, having turned into the beautiful capital of Armenia over decades. The unique sights of Yerevan, embodying the past and the present, attract the lively interest of tourists.

Grand Cascade

Not every capital of the world can boast of such a unique structure as the Grand Cascade architectural and staircase complex in Yerevan. The incredible beauty and originality of the grandiose design is a bright modern landmark of the capital of Armenia. A multi-stage staircase made of tuff of noble shades descends from the top of the Kanaker hills to Tamanyan Street, where a monument to the national architect of Armenia A. I. Tamanyan is installed in the square.

The staircase connecting the upper areas of the city with the lower ones is the center of the entire cultural and architectural complex, which includes fountains, monuments, obelisks, museums, parks and squares of amazing beauty. The construction of Cascade began in the 80s of the last century and was completed only in 2009. The objective reasons for this long-term construction was the terrible earthquake of 1988, the collapse of the USSR and the problems that piled on the country. The stopped construction was resumed in 2002, when the rights to it were acquired by an American with Armenian roots J. Gafeschyan.

According to his plan, rooms for the gallery of ancient art were equipped under the stairs, and the upper part of the Cascade became a place for demonstrating the works of modern artists. Now there are interesting sculptures of modern avant-garde artists, in particular, Fernando Botero (South America). His expressive sculpture “Black Cat” evokes rave reviews from the public.

The whole decoration of Cascade is an unusual originality of innovative solutions: the water jets of fountains form the symbols of Armenia when they fall, the bright flower beds also carry a certain symbolic load, as well as a spectacular night illumination. For the convenience of visitors, the cascade is equipped with an escalator; observation platforms are equipped at the top with breathtakingly beautiful views of Yerevan and its environs. In general, the Grand Cascade is a huge museum of amazing beauty and charm in the open air, which is a great luck to see.

Blue Mosque

The symbol of Iranian-Armenian friendly ties – the Blue Mosque, so named because of the color of the cladding of the dome, was erected in 1766 by order of the governor of the Erivan Khanate Kajar on an area of ​​7 thousand square meters. m. Now it is the largest functioning mosque of the whole Caucasus. The original building of the mosque had 4 minarets, of which only 1 have survived to date. 3 domes towered over a Muslim cathedral, faced with blue faience tiles with majolica.

The 24 m long minaret is located in the southeast wing of the mosque, there are also pavilions (28); in the north wing there is a library where people are studying the Persian language; and an exhibition hall where various products of Muslim applied art are displayed. The southern part of the cathedral is a large prayer hall, where Yerevan Muslims come for holiday prayers. The courtyard of the mosque, overshadowed by a centuries-old mulberry tree, a beloved place of genius of Armenian poetry Eghish Charents during his lifetime. In the Soviet years, the building of the mosque was occupied by the Museum of History and Nature of Yerevan, then the planetarium, but since 1995 the Blue Mosque has again become an active center of spiritual Muslim culture.

Aram Khachaturian House Museum

It is so appointed by nature or God that every nation glorifies itself with one or more geniuses who become people of the World. This is the man of the world who became Aram Ilyich Khachaturian, whose musical works are the priceless treasure of the whole planet, mesmerized by the immortal sounds of expressive music. Khachaturian’s music incorporated Caucasian temperament, oriental sadness, sincere tenderness, fiery passion, majestic restraint and the brightest expressiveness.

It is enough to recall his uniquely exciting waltz to Lermontov’s drama “Masquerade” in order to catch in his sound all shades of feelings that make one admire and cry. Is it possible to listen with indifference to the truly magical “Saber Dance” from the ballet “Gayane”, whose minting rhythm is combined with the lyrical beauty of the sound ?!

All the music of a great musical genius will long excite the hearts of listeners. Despite the fact that the composer, conductor, musician and arranger did not always live in Armenia, he did a lot for the ancient folk Armenian music, breathing new life into it. Grateful countrymen opened the Khachaturian Museum in the year of his departure (1982) in the house where his older brother Vaginak lived

After the opening, the museum has been replenished over the years with exhibits related to Aram Ilyich. Literally from all over the world, they are presented by admirers of the talent of the brilliant composer. An example is the story of a piano of the brand “Playel”. During the composer’s tour in Brazil, he was invited by the famous São Paulo antique dealer, Mostijian, who bought a musical instrument on this occasion. Khachaturian played it, and then, at the request of the owner, he scribbled his autograph on the piano lid.

From Brazil, the piano “moved” to Argentina to the daughter of an antique dealer, and in 1988 he was taken from Buenos Aires to the Yerevan Museum. You can still give examples of how touching the whole world collects objects related to our great composer. For many years, the museum has been run by a passionate and devoted fan of Khachaturian’s talent – Gohar Harutyunyan, who strives to make the Museum a hotbed of musical culture, comfort and beauty. Bright blooming roses of a perfectly maintained courtyard are a symbol of people’s unquenchable love for their genius Son.

Yerevan Zoo

The most picturesque place in Yerevan with rich flora and fauna is the Yerevan Zoo, founded in 1941 on the proposal of Professor Sarkisov. The war stopped large-scale construction for 4 years, but then active work began on equipping the zoo on 25 hectares. As a result, a beautifully formed area was formed with aviaries, pools, sculptures, fountains, and children’s carousels. About 2500 of the most diverse trees, 3000 ornamental shrubs and perennial flowers were planted here. Now the zoo is a real oasis, where almost 3,000 individuals of three hundred species live, including mammals, birds, reptiles, invertebrates, fish.

The composition of the inhabitants is constantly expanding: in honor of the 70th anniversary of the zoo, capricorns, mandrills (a species of monkeys), lemurs, flying dogs from Egypt, which now give healthy offspring, were purchased. Zoo workers are trying to create an environment as close as possible to the wild: treats for animals are hung up or packed in cardboard boxes so that the animals move actively, “getting” food. On holidays, the zoo turns into an arena of interesting performances, attractions, animated performances and various shows. All visitors, regardless of age, expect only positive emotions and unforgettable impressions.

Erebuni Fortress

Like any city with an ancient history, Yerevan has its ancestral home in the form of millennial ruins of the prehistoric fortress Erebuni, located on Arin-Berd hill and covering an area of ​​100 hectares. Judging by the remains of the fortifications, the fortified city was created on a grand scale worthy of a powerful influential ruler, such as King Argishti I (782 BC) in the ancient state of Urartu. This conclusion can be drawn from the largest buildings of Erebuni – the royal palace and the Sushi temple, where luxurious highly artistic paintings, exquisite ornaments made with expensive paints were preserved.

The most valuable exhibit is a piece of plate, on which a text informing about the laying of a fortress is stamped with cuneiform writing. Many ancient relics illustrating the civilization of Urartu are located in the Erebuni Museum, located on one of the hillsides. In the ancient fortress, everything is permeated with mysterious riddles that are not completely solved, so it attracts thousands of pilgrims.

The way up is not so easy, so you need to calculate your physical capabilities. There is still no developed infrastructure: water and food must be taken with you, rising to the fortress. Despite these inconveniences, touching the distant past leaves a deep emotional mark in the soul.

Monument “Mother Armenia”

The Second World War did not pass by Armenia, which sent to the front many of its citizens who had sacrificed their lives for victory in the war against fascism. The “Mother Armenia” monument is a logical embodiment of the idea of ​​peace expressed in the theme of majestic sculpture. Once upon a time there was a statue of Stalin at the site of this monument, crowning the avenue of the same name, which replaced Armenian Street.

1-story and 2-story mansions were demolished and 5-story Stalinist houses were erected. But after debunking the cult of the leader, the statue of Stalin was removed, leaving a mighty pedestal. Later they decided to put a sculpture on it like the Volgograd Motherland. The designer of the monument was the sculptor Harutyunyan, famous for other monuments. The 22-meter statue (height with a pedestal 54 m) is presented in the form of a majestic female figure holding a sword in her hand.

Unlike the sculpture of Mamayev Kurgan, “Mother Armenia” sheathes the sword, but does not hold it above itself. This gesture and the shield lying at her feet are symbols of peace, a conditional call to life without war. Unfortunately, at the end of the 80s of the last century, Armenia again had to survive the horrors of the terrible fratricidal war in Nagorno-Karabakh.

At the foot of the monument, the Museum of the Armenian Ministry of Defense is opened, where military trophies, personal items, uniforms and portraits of war heroes are exhibited. Unique archival documents, weapons, front-line letters from soldiers are presented. Next to the sculptural monument is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, on which the Eternal Flame burns. A huge number of people of different ages flock here on memorable dates for Armenia.

Museum of the Armenian Genocide

A memorial museum of genocide has been opened on one of the green hills in the vicinity of Yerevan, dedicated to the unprecedented atrocities displayed by the Turks against the Armenians from 1915 to 1922. Over the years, nearly 1.5 million Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire died in a bloody massacre. It was a cruel revenge of innocent people for the defeat of the Turks in the battles near Sarykamysh with the Russian troops, which were helped by the Armenians. The whole world recognized that it was genocide by the Turks and condemned the Young Turkish government for insane cruelty.

On the 80th anniversary of the terrible tragedy, a 2-storey building was constructed, symbolically almost completely located underground like a funerary crypt. Allegorical is the form of the internal structure in the form of circles of hell, which the unfortunate victims of genocide, who died under knives, had to go through. Semi-basement premises on the ground floor are reserved for administrative and technical services, a library, an archive and a storage. There is also a conference room with a capacity of 170 people.

All museum exhibits are located in 3 rooms of the 2nd floor with a total area of ​​1000 square meters. m. It is impossible to see mournful photographs without emotional excitement; read newspaper headlines; flipping books about cruel executions. Among those who come to the Museum of Sad Memory there are descendants of those who died innocently. Each item on display, each piece of paper with text simply screams that genocide against Armenians is the greatest villainy that should never happen again. When the picturesque Ararat Valley, illuminated by the bright sun, is seen from the flat roof of the Museum, only the good future of the long-suffering people is believed!

Museum of Sergey Parajanov

The name of the extraordinary artist and director Sergey Parajanov became widely known to the Russian public only at the beginning of perestroika. Prior to this, the avant-garde works of a talented creator with an unusual artistic worldview were not popularized in the USSR. His film “Shadows disappear at noon” was an emotional shock for moviegoers, as was “Color of the Pomegranate.”

The future genius in Tbilisi was born into a family of Armenians and, although he did not live in Armenia, he glorified the homeland of his ancestors in his masterpieces and bequeathed the entire Armenian heritage to the Armenian people. Grateful fellow countrymen a year after Parajanov’s death opened a Museum in his honor – a copy of the house in Tbilisi, where he was born and lived. The exhibits of the museum – 600 works of art by the master, his personal belongings, photographs, documents, scripts – all that reveals the outstanding personality of the bright avant-garde artist.

The house-museum is located on a high cliff above the gorge, from where you can see the enchanting surrounding landscapes. A 2-storey building was built specifically for the artist, who did not have time to live in it. One of Parajanov’s close friends – Sargsyan, becoming the director of the museum, is painstakingly working to expand the collection. Sargsyan’s photographs of the last 14 years of his life give a wide picture of the great son of Armenia. His original collages, paintings, installations open up the artist’s rich inner world, help to more deeply realize the meaning and ideas of his works. Here, gray reality from the angle of the artist’s special vision turns into a bright, joyful, life-affirming atmosphere.

Singing Fountains

A delightful sight in the center of Yerevan – Singing fountains, a man-made miracle of Armenian design engineers and architects, who adorned the capital’s main square with their brainchild. The water-musical extravaganza, beginning in the evening, attracts crowds of Yerevan residents and visitors. Fascinated by the magical play of light and sincere music, in which a multicolored stream of water moves, people look as if spellbound at the perfect creation of the mind and human hands.

The merit in creating a unique structure belongs to a group of enthusiastic engineers under the guidance of a well-known professor in the country, Doctor of Technical Sciences Abrahamyan. They took the “singing” fountains of Germany as a basis, adding their technical “zest” and created a real masterpiece of this kind. The musical accompaniment includes magnificent examples of classics, national motifs, rock and pop music in its best manifestations.

The stunning evening show at the end is accompanied by the immortal chanson of the great compatriot of Armenians Charles Aznavour “Eternal Love”. We must pay tribute to the French diaspora of Armenians for the restoration of fountains in 2007, in which a lot of money was invested. Thanks to this, the wonderful “Singing Fountains” continue to captivate and captivate the residents of Yerevan.

Sculpture “A man of letters”

As in other European capitals, in Yerevan, along with classical monuments of the past, there are avant-garde sculptures by modern authors, installed at the foot of the Grand Cascade. One of these sculptures is The Man of Letters by the Spanish sculptor-modernist and artist Jaume Plens, already well-known in Europe for his unique works. Yerevan “Man of Letters” is a small copy of a French sculpture 8 m high (there are several such copies in the world).

The sculpture of a seated man is made of metal (stainless steel) letters of the Latin alphabet, randomly connected into a single unit by welding. Unusually beautiful unusual sculpture, when it shines, permeated by the rays of the sun, as a light of reason and knowledge. This is precisely the meaning the author put into his creation and did not fail. The sculptures installed in Moscow, Paris, Andorra are of constant interest to the public. Yerevan residents have a reverent attitude towards their “Man of Letters”.

Zvartnots Temple

Those who visited Yerevan and saw the main attractions believed that everything interesting was behind. But when he saw the Zvartnots Temple, he was shocked to the core by the magnificent architecture of the ruins. The monumental beauty of the structures of the archaeological reserve, which is now Zvartnots, is simply stunning. It seems that there is nothing more beautiful in architecture than these ancient remnants of the Heavenly Angels temple (as Zvartnots sounds in translation).

Excavations carried out here exposed the priceless ruins of temple buildings erected during the Catholicos Nerses III in 641-661, known under the nickname “Builder”. Judging by the preserved magnificent columns with numerous decorations, this nickname was fully justified. According to legend, during the visit of the Byzantine emperor, he was so impressed by the majestic beauty of the temple that he immediately wished to erect the same in Constantinople. On the way, the invited architect died, and the emperor’s plan did not materialize.

The temple was a round domed building of light gray and black tuff, with three tiers with a total height of 49 meters and a diameter of the 1st tier of 35 m. The temple was built on a huge stepped pedestal, which has been preserved in some places to this day. A semicircle of 6 columns formed a cross inscribed in a circle, which symbolized the World. The lower tier of the temple was surrounded by a frieze with an intricate patterned bas-relief depicting pomegranate branches and vines, symbolizing the development of the world and man.

There are parts of the premises of the Catholicos Palace, which can be used to judge its former greatness. The ruins of the winery with large ceramic tanks indicate the scale of wine production. Now on the territory of the ancient temple, archaeological and restoration work is ongoing so that such beauty does not irrevocably become a thing of the past.

[armeniaitn]

Yerevan scraps anniversary events to benefit Karabakh, museums

New Post has been published on https://armenia.in-the.news/culture/yerevan-scraps-anniversary-events-to-benefit-karabakh-museums-77717-18-08-2021/

Yerevan scraps anniversary events to benefit Karabakh, museums

August 18, 2021 – 12:39 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – Yerevan mayor Hayk Marutyan has decided that no events will be held in Yerevan to mark the 2803rd anniversary of the Armenian capital in October, mayor’s spokesperson Hakob Karapetyan said in a statement on Wednesday, August 17.

All the funds that were supposed to be spent on arranging the events will be directed to the project 100 Homes for Artsakh, as well as development programs benefiting Yerevan’s cultural institutions.

In particular, funds will be allocated to Erebuni Historical & Archaeological Museum-Reserve and the Yerevan History Museum.

Established in 782 BC, Yerevan is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities. Erebuni Fortress is considered to be the birthplace of the city, while the Yerevan History Museum is among the prominent institutions that feature the history of the capital city.

Read original article here

[whencyclopedia]

PLACES IN THE ANCIENT WORLD: Erebuni (Armenia) 

EREBUNI was an Urartian fortress and city, located between the Nor Aresh District and the Vardahsen District on the outskirts of present-day Yerevan, Armenia, and situated on top of Arin Berd hill. In Armenian, the fortress and archaeological site is known as “Arin-Berd” or the “Fortress of Blood,” and the name of this fortress city endures in the word “Yerevan,” which is the capital of Armenia. First constructed during the reign of Arguishti I (r. 786-764 BCE) around the year 782 BCE - some 20 years before the founding of Rome - Erebuni is typically described by historians and archaeologists as one of the mightiest and most impressive Urartian structures in existence.

Erebuni became the primary residence of the Urartian royal family, and thus emerged as a settlement of political and cultural importance in the Near East. Following the collapse of the Urartian states in the early 6th century BCE, Erebuni retained much of its population and importance as the capital of the Persian Satrapy of Armenia under the Achaemenid Empire by the end of the 6th and early 5th centuries BCE

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[lolabagda]

October 20-21, 2018 marked the 2800th anniversary of the founding of Armenia’s current capital Yerevan. Yerevan flourished as a city around the fortress Erebuni, founded by the Urartian King Argishti the First, in 782 B.C. The name “Yerevan” itself is an evolutionary transformation of “Erebuni”. . . . . . #yerevan2800 #yerevan #yerevanstreets #yerevanstyle #yerevanshopping #yerevanarmenia #travel #traveling #travelphotography #travelphotographer #travelphoto #travels #travelgram #traveller #tourist #tourism #tour #tourandtravel #tourists #streets #streetstyle #street #streetphotos #streetphotography #photooftheday #photooftheweek #photographer #photography #photo #photos (at Northern Avenue, Yerevan) https://www.instagram.com/p/Byzx6OHBbc9/?igshid=5hv4lmu8kuwc

[psychic-readingonline]

Astrology Today Newborn Baby

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Erebuni Fortress (Armenian: Էրեբունի), also known as Arin Berd (Armenian: Արին Բերդ; meaning the "Fortress of Blood"), is an Urartian fortified city, located in Yerevan, Armenia.It is 1,017 metres (3,337 ft) above sea level. It was one of several fortresses built along the northern Urartian border and was one of the most important political, economic and cultural centers of the …

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[armentertainments]

HD Yerevan | Beautiful Sights of Yerevan 

HD Yerevan | Beautiful Sights of Yerevan Online Live HD TV Channels | http://www.arm-tv.com The history of Armenia includes more than 3 thousand years. It used to be an important region even in the Biblical times. Today, despite the destruction's made by time and several wars, the cultural and historical heritage of Armenia is carefully preserved, so everyone who travels to Armenia is able to discover the ancient wonders of the Armenian history. Most of them are the ancient monasteries as Armenia was one of the first countries to accept Christianity. Yerevan is the capital of Armenia and quite an ancient city as well. Its history dates back 3,000 years when the Urartian fortress of Erebuni was founded. The ruins of the fortress are the one of the most attractive sights of contemporary Yerevan. Tours around Yerevan would help you find out more about the country and its people. Numerous cafes and restaurants of the Armenian capital would offer you a wide choice of finest Caucasian meals and wines.

[armenianhistory2492-blog]

Yerevan, a city that is older than Rome, is celebrating its 2800th birthday this year, in 2018. - Yerevan, the modern capital of Armenia, dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC by King Argishti I at the western extreme of the Ararat plain. Erebuni has been described as "designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital." Yerevan is the world's oldest city to have documented the exact date of its foundation. . . . #armenia #followback #instagramers #armenian #photooftheday #20likes #amazing #smile #follow4follow #like4like #look #instalike #igers #picoftheday #food #instadaily #instafollow #followme #instagood #bestoftheday #instacool #carryme #follow #colorful #style #swag (at Yerevan, Armenia) https://www.instagram.com/p/BpNkzNKgMFS/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=3wgp7s0bpd3p

[newssplashy]

Opinion: An ancient land, newly optimistic

The downtown has an energy that is a long way from the sleepy Soviet city I first visited in the 1980s.

Each time I’ve come to Yerevan in the past decade, the city has surprised me with its evolving elegance and cultural richness.

The downtown has an energy that is a long way from the sleepy Soviet city I first visited in the 1980s. Walking the shady avenues off Republic Square on a recent visit, I found the city has become a hip place, with wine bars, microbreweries, cafes, art galleries, boutiques selling crafts and carpets, and an ever-new array of restaurants, as well as upscale hotels and clothing stores.

The new mood is defined by the millennial generation’s role in the velvet revolution of this past spring. After weeks of peaceful protests, the civil society has pushed from power an old regime that much of the nation viewed as dysfunctional and corrupt, representing a continuation of old Soviet mentalities. When Nikol Pashinyan, a prominent journalist, activist and former parliamentarian became prime minister May 8, a sense of a new era enveloped the country.

In June, I sat in a vine-trellised courtyard restaurant and art gallery on Abovian Street with Armen Ohanyan, a young fiction writer, and Arevik Ashakharoyan, a literary agent. I was hearing Armenia’s new voices of optimism. “Soviet minds are a thing of the past,” Ohanyan said.

“The new generation, born after the fall of the Soviet Union, is playing a big role in the new democracy,” Ashakharoyan said. “We are tech-savvy and have no ties to the corrupt Soviet past.”

Ohanyan added: “We feel a new future. The reign of oligarchs is over.”

Having written about Armenia for decades, their words resonated. I am a poet and nonfiction writer of Armenian ancestry and have been to Armenia five times in the past decade. My trips are often connected to my work — a translation of one of my books, a lecture tour, a symposium.

I started the day grazing on a classic Armenian breakfast spread at the Armenia Marriott Hotel Yerevan, an elegant hotel on Republic Square with fine local cuisine: bastermas (spicy, cured beef); paper-thin or thicker warm lavash; local cheeses; jams with strawberries or apricots or walnuts; thick yogurt; cherries, apricots, blackberries and melons from local orchards; fruit nectars and orange, red and brown rolls of thick grape molasses stuffed with walnuts (sujuk); and black tea from a samovar. The presentation was beautiful, and the Caucasian sun poured through the windows.

Like its cuisine, the country has a long, rich history. Armenia, which became an independent republic in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union, is a small, landlocked nation in the southwest Caucasus, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. The country today is what remains of a once-ancient empire that stretched from the Mediterranean to the Caspian Sea in the first century B.C., before it was conquered by the Romans. It was the first nation to make Christianity its state religion, in 301.

Conquered by Byzantines, Persians, Mongols and Seljuks, then colonized by the Ottoman Turks in the 16th century, Armenians were subject to large-scale massacres in the 19th century, during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and were the victims of what genocide scholars regard as one of the first genocides of the modern era, by the Ottoman Turkish government in 1915. (Turkey denies that the killings were genocide.)

Armenia became a Soviet Republic in 1920, endured Stalin’s purges and repression, a massive earthquake in 1988 and a war with neighboring Azerbaijan in the 1990s that has flared up again in recent years over the province of Nagorno-Karabakh. By all rational odds, Armenia should not be on the map today.

Having survived such a harsh history, Armenia has emerged as a democracy that cherishes the many layers of its past. Today, the capital, Yerevan — which dates to the seventh century B.C. and was founded on the walls of the Urartian city of Erebuni — is a blend of ancient culture, artisan tradition, modern architecture and high-tech, postmodern style, exemplified by the new condominiums and high-end shops on the pedestrian Northern Boulevard.

On Sept. 29-30, Yerevan will celebrate its 2,800th anniversary, making it one of the oldest cities in the world. In the ruins of the ancient fortress on Erebuni Fortress Hill, fragments of murals with images of sacred animals evoke the late Bronze Age. The Erebuni museum has a fine collection of artifacts, including a huge wine storage container that documents Armenia’s winemaking tradition from the Bronze Age.

Those amphoras prompted me to visit the Ararat Brandy Factory, an imperial monument to the Armenian passion for the grape, set on a perch overlooking Victory Bridge, which spans the Hrazdan River. I love walking the beautifully lit cavernous halls filled with Caucasian oak barrels. Ararat Brandy has been a major export for more than a century, and its velvety depths were made legendary by Winston Churchill, who drank it daily for decades. I left with a glow of delight after the brandy tasting that concludes the tour.

Yerevan is a city where many avenues are named after Armenia’s great figures: the early 20th-century poet Yeghishe Charents, the fifth-century historian Movses Koranatsi, the 19th-century novelist Katchadour Abovian, the composer Komitas (1869-1935), to name a few. It’s a city of great museums, including the Matenadaran, which has a rich collection of medieval illuminated manuscripts and books in Armenian, the National Gallery and the History Museum of Armenia.

I always head first for the intimate museums dedicated to major figures. The Saryan museum, for example, has two floors of works by the avant-garde landscape and modernist painter Martiros Saryan (1880-1972). In a stately stone house, the Sergei Parajanov Museum is a celebration of the great 20th-century filmmaker and visual artist’s work: mixed media collages, paintings, conceptual installations and miniature drawings on matchbooks and bottle caps from the time he was imprisoned by the Soviet authorities for “decadent” art and homosexuality.

I always get a good workout climbing the 572 steps of the Cafesjian Center for the Arts (also known as Cascade). It’s a dramatic complex rising up from the tree-shaded, cafe-abundant Tumayan Street in five monumental limestone tiers of fountains, topiary gardens and sculptures. If you tire of the climb, you can slip inside and take the escalator, and soak up one of the most important collections of modern glass in the world, as well as paintings, drawings and sculpture.

No one should come to Yerevan without visiting the extraordinary Armenian Genocide Museum and Memorial, also known as the Tsitsernakaberd (meaning swallow’s fortress) Memorial Complex. It is situated on a hill that overlooks the city and Mount Ararat, Armenia’s national symbol, just across the border in Turkey.

Built of sleek gray basalt, its elegant new wing was designed by the museum’s director, Hayk Demoyan, and his wife, designer Lucine Matevosian. The wide circular exhibit halls wind from a top floor down to a second floor. Photos, maps and documentary footage on various screens accompany text that explores the history of the horrific events that took the lives of more than 1 million Armenians in 1915. From the museum visitors walk the stone walkway to the memorial — towering twin obelisks (a symbol of eternity) and 12 20-foot high stone pillars — to lean over a large circular area where an eternal flame burns and sacred music plays.

Back in Yerevan for the evening, I dined with friends and found the cuisine more inventive than ever. Restaurants blend the traditions of the Armenian Caucasus with the Middle East as refugees from Syria and Iraq make their impact. At Sherep, one of the hottest new places, with a chic open kitchen and late-night jazz, I had mountain sorrel soup; tender stuffed grape leaves; eggplant sautéed in olive oil and rolled up with minced walnuts, dill, garlic and yogurt; and succulent lamb chops. At Vostan, in an old Russian-period stone building on Abovian Street, I feasted on pink, succulent, wood-grilled Lake Sevan trout.

My travels frequently take me beyond Yerevan. Wherever you go in Armenia, you are journeying through an open-air museum where churches and monasteries, even a Hellenic temple, are built into the cliffs or perched at the edges of canyons or green gorges, with searing vistas framed by the ever-blue sky. Thousand-year-old lacelike carved stone crosses (khatchgars) emerge from fields of roadside poppies.

Because Armenia is defined by mountains, canyons, gorges, forests, rushing streams and rivers, lakes, grassy highlands and dales, it has become a prime destination for hikers. The new Transcaucasian Trail runs from Georgia through Armenia into Azerbaijan, and offers extraordinary trails from the Dilijan National Park in the northern mountains to the caves of Goris in the south. Many trails intersect with ancient monasteries and churches.

For a small country Armenia has an amazing diversity of flora and fauna; about 240 bird species breed in Armenia and nearly 400 move through the country, making Armenia a birder’s paradise.

On a sunny morning, I headed east from Yerevan in a minivan with my superb guide, Katar Taslakyan, and a driver, Raphael Hovakimyan, whose musical selections — jazz and R&B — filled the van. About 40 minutes later, we stopped at Charents Arch, an impressive monument to Armenia’s great modern poet Yeghishe Charents (1897-1937). From there, we got a stunning view of the glistening, grassy highlands and snow-capped Mount Ararat.

In another 15 minutes, we were at Garni, a beautifully proportioned Greco-Roman temple believed to have been built by King Tiridates I to the sun god Mihr. The vistas from Garni, which is perched at the lip of a gorge, are spectacular.

We drove on until the conical dome of Geghardavank (the Monastery of the Spear) emerges from behind a stone wall. A UNESCO World Heritage site (like many monasteries in Armenia), the medieval church was built partly out of the side of a mountain. Monks’ caves adorned with stone crosses and arches dot the cliff face. I walked into a chapel and stared at the animal carvings on the wall as light fell through the round opening in the dome, a feature in Armenian medieval churches that creates a mysterious dark light and a heightened sense of the cosmic. A stream from the mountain runs through a wall, and pilgrims and tourists pass their hands through it.

At Geghard, as with most Armenian medieval churches, you enter a distinctive organic architecture, in which building and carvings flow with the contours of nature. Unlike the Gothic cathedrals of Europe, these churches are smaller in scale and designed as intimate spaces. Here, you feel the stones are speaking to you, the light grazes you.

The next day, we drove south from Yerevan into the fertile Ararat Valley. In June, the apricot orchards are popping with Armenia’s bright yellow national fruit and the vineyards are green. On this clear morning, Mount Ararat rose from a bank of clouds and the hot sun was mitigated by cool breezes.

Farther south, in Vayots Dzor province, our van climbed the road to Noravank, a complex that includes two medieval churches, one of which was designed by the architect and artist Momik. Again, I’m blown away as monks’ caves appear in jagged red cliffs that remind me of Arizona, and the milky tan limestone of the Myrig Adzvadzeen church glistens in the sunlight against a brilliant blue sky and rising mountains. The chapel at Noravank is luminous with light pouring through the windows. Gazing out those windows to green hillsides, red cliffs, blue sky, I felt the shimmer of the sublime.

Four miles from Noravank, I went from spiritual to chthonic, as I walked up the steps of a craggy cliff to the Areni cave where, in 2007, the earliest known clay amphoras (karases) — some 6,100 years old — were discovered. Armenia is considered the birthplace of winemaking. Archaeologists are still working there, and the Copper Age karases are well displayed in the cave where they were once used.

Winemaking runs deep in the Armenian vein, and the famous Areni grape with its thick skin is the source of some of the best new wines anywhere. Throughout my visit, I had various full-bodied reds that were smooth and dry, with complex flavors enhanced by Caucasian oak barrels, reminding me of some fine pinot noirs of Oregon and certain red Burgundies. Among the better-known labels are Areni, Kadar, Kara, Trinity and Zorah.

After a night on the Goris River at Mirhav, a beautifully appointed inn with antique Armenian artifacts and rugs, we drove to 11,000 feet through a fantasia of chirping nightingales, swooping eagles and clouds lifting off the green valley to the world’s longest nonstop, reversible tramway to reach Tatev, a ninth-century monastery. As a Baroque concerto spilled through the tramway’s speakers, our glass car floated above villages and ancient churches, by cliffs and grassy mountains and past gliding hawks toward the monastery, with its two conical domed churches perched at the cliff’s edge.

Heading north past potato fields and farmlands, meadows of poppies and royal blue delphiniums, we drove up the western shore of Lake Sevan, one of the largest high-altitude lakes in Eurasia. Its turquoise water is a resort for bathers and fishermen, and an important source for fishing, irrigation and hydroelectric power. At a lakeside restaurant called Dzovadzots, I had a perfect whitefish soup.

A half-hour north, the ninth-century Sevanavank monastery, with its two small beautiful, earth-colored churches on a peninsula, is worth the climb up the steps from the shore below.

Just north of Lake Sevan, we crossed into the alpine mountain region of Tavush where streams and hiking trails wind through the lush forests of Dilijan National Park. The stunning monastery of Haghartsin is nestled on a forested mountain.

The spa town of Dilijan, situated in the park, is an atmospheric place out of a Chekhov story. Its chalet-style buildings with gable-tiled roofs, open-air theater and mountain views made it a popular vacation spot for wealthy Russians in the 19th century; today it is a retreat for artists. One of the creative entrepreneur and philanthropist James Tufenkian’s four unique hotels is housed in a complex of restored 19th-century houses.

From there, we drove to Avan Zoraget, another Tufenkian hotel, beneath the mountains on the Debed River. Sleek, imaginative and appointed with Tufenkian carpets, its rooms have lovely views. The restaurant overlooking the river offers a sumptuous repertoire: sautéed local greens and onions with yogurt; smoky eggplant dip blended with tahini; spelt with wild mushrooms; a tongue-melting sou boreg (thin flat noodles layered with Armenian cheeses), chicken cooked with dried plum and pomegranate sauce; and superb dry white wine.

Back in Yerevan the next evening, I walked through an arch onto an old cobblestone street off bustling Amirian Street and found Anteb, a Syrian-Armenian restaurant, where we had spicy, crepe-thin lahmajuns (Armenian pizza); a piquant muhamara (walnut, pomegranate molasses and red pepper dip) that you scoop up with hot, puffy lavash; and kuftas, crisp shells of cracked wheat bursting with lamb and herbs. The next night my friend Ashot took me to Babylon, an Arabic-Iraqi restaurant where our feast included crispy boregs (phyllo dough wrapped around cheese), meatless stuffed grape leaves and the most tender lamb kebabs I’ve had outside my mother’s kitchen.

I never leave Yerevan without meandering through the Vernissage, the open-air market in a park along Aram and Buzant streets where there are stalls and stalls of ceramics, folk and contemporary art, rugs, textiles, jewelry and more. I bought two small antique Caucasian kilims before I wandered back to Republic Square, where I end most evenings.

At night the square, with its monumental rosy tufa stone buildings, is lit up; the fountains spew through colored lights, music plays, people dance. It’s a nightly ritual in Yerevan in the warm-weather months — a down-home celebration to end a day, and a resilient response to the harsh history of this new nation that has emerged from an ancient civilization.

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.

Peter Balakian © 2018 The New York Times

source http://www.newssplashy.com/2018/08/opinion-ancient-land-newly-optimistic_22.html

[barbariankingdom]

The "Birth certificate" of Yerevan 

Yerevan is the capital of Armenia. 

Previously city was called Erebuni. This cuneiform inscription at the Erebuni Fortress left byKing Argishti I on a basalt stone slab tells about the foundation of the city in 782 BC.

[haydzayn]

“Yerevan 2800” carpet has been presented to Yerevan History Museum. The carpet made of natural wool is of 4 meters width and 7 meters length. In the center of the carpet is the cuneiform inscription- “the birth certificate” of Yerevan. In the right and left corners are weaved Urartian King Argishti who founded the fortress Erebuni and the chief architect of modern Yerevan Alexander Tamanyan. There is a pomegranate tree the branches of which are risen in the form of the sycamore symbolizing life. Among ornaments are patters representing 13 capitals located in chronological order- beginning from the very foundation, as well as the buildings become the main state, cultural and spiritual symbols of modern Yerevan. The carpet will be displayed in the foyer of Yerevan History Museum within a year. https://ift.tt/2KKdxY6

[julianworker]

Erebuni and other Yerevan sights

Ancient Erebuni fortress sits high on a hill overlooking modern Yerevan. King Argishti I of Urartu built this site in 782BC to house a garrison of 6,600 soldiers, the first settlement on this side of the Arax river, so in some ways Erebuni was the precursor of Yerevan. The kings of Urartu used Erebuni for only around a hundred years before Rusa II chose a different site to house his…

[winetrailsgeorgia-blog]

Erebuni was on the southern outskirts of modern Yerevan, although there is no evidence that there is a significant settlement on the site of the city in the period from the IV century BC. e. to the III century AD. e. According to the cuneiform cuneiform chronicle in Van, the Urartian king Argishti I built the city of Erebuni in the fifth year of his reign. The inscription on the stone slab, found in 1950 on the Arin-Byrd hill, made it possible to identify this site from Erebuni. The inscription reads: "By the greatness of God, Haldi Argishti, the son of Menua, built this mighty fortress; established her name Erebuni for the power of the country Biani and to intimidate the enemy country. The earth was deserted, I accomplished great things here ... "After a century the administrative and political center of the region moved to Teishebaini fortress, founded by Tsar Rusa II on the south-western outskirts of modern Yerevan; but Teishebaini was defeated, probably Scythians, during the fall of Urartu (590 BC). Erebuni also continued to exist in the Persian era; there, for example, found Miletus coins minted about 478 BC. e. Apparently, at the same time in Armenian, his name began to be pronounced like Erevani, with the transition [b]> [v]. There is an unconfirmed hypothesis that Erevani was the center of Persian satin Armin

[ditord]

Dangerous Levels of Pollutants Recorded in Yerevan’s Air I live in a suburb of Yerevan's southern Erebuni district and am lucky to have some trees and a green yard around, but when driving to work, somewhere in the area of Erebuni fortress I always feel how the air quality sharply changes and hits my lungs.