#Environmental Review Seattle Projects

[seattle-construction-services]

Everything You Require to Understand about a Building Permit in Seattle

If this is your first permit process in Seattle, it may not seem very safe. But, if you understand your requirements and follow a proper step-by-step approach, then it’s easy. Getting the appropriate building permit is critical to build a new home or remodel an older property.

A Seattle building permit requirement

The building permit is an official document needed to begin construction, renovation or structural modification works. Here’s why it’s crucial:

Compliance with Laws: Conforms to local zoning regulations and building codes.

Safety Assurance: Public safety and the structural integrity of buildings are protected.

Avoidance of Penalties: It prevents legal issues, project shutdowns and associated fines.

Losing a permit can stop you from working and cause you legal trouble.

What Kinds Of Projects In Seattle Need A Permit?

Building permits are required for:

New constructions.

And cons include major renovations or remodels.

Such as the removal or addition of Walls.

Installing of decks, fences, or retaining walls over a certain height.

You usually don’t need a permit if you’re painting or doing some minor repairs, but you can never know for sure.

Remodeling Requirements in Seattle, WA

Before applying, gather the necessary documentation and ensure your project meets these prerequisites:

Project Plans:

Architectural and structural drawings in detail.

Property lines and project location are shown on site plans.

Zoning Information:

Confirm compliance with Seattle zoning laws, which, among other things, limit height, setbacks, and use of land.

Environmental Compliance:

Suppose your project is near wetlands or steep slopes, for example. In that case, you must determine whether your project requires an environmental review.

Licensed Contractor Information:

If you have a licensed contractor, provide details of him.

Permit Fees:

The fees depend on your project's size and value.

Building Permit Application in Seattle

Follow these steps to streamline the application process:

Understand Your Project’s Needs:

To determine what permits are required, look at the Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections (SDCI) website.

Express licenses may be available for smaller projects.

Prepare Your Application Materials:

Floor plans, elevations, structural calculations and energy code compliance forms are included.

Submit Your Application:

To apply online, use the Seattle Services Portal.

To obtain the passport, you must adequately upload all the required documents and provide a detailed project description.

Pay the Permit Fees:

You can pay your fees online or in person.

Wait for the Review Process:

Plan checks, zoning compliance, and environmental assessments by the SDCI will review your application.

Address Corrections Promptly:

If reviewers raise issues, answer swiftly and politely to avoid delay.

Schedule Inspections:

Once you have your permit, you must schedule inspections at different phases of your construction process.

Tips for your successful permit application.

Double-Check Your Plans: Complete and accurate documentation is needed before submission.

Hire Professionals: If you have architects or contractors who work with Seattle’s building codes, then you can work with them to navigate the process with ease.

Apply Early: Plan accordingly; permit processing takes weeks or months (depending on the permit).

Monitor Application Status: To stay updated on your application, use the Seattle Services Portal.

Seattle Building permits have unique challenges.

Seattle’s climate and architectural diversity present specific challenges:

Environmental Factors: High humidity and rain will influence some construction timelines and material choices.

Zoning Restrictions: Projects must fit into the city’s rigid zoning ordinances.

Architectural Styles: Seattle’s juxtaposition of modern with traditional requires specific responses.

Partnering with professionals who understand these nuances makes you feel confident about your permit process.

When Is No Building Permit Required?

Although permits are essential for significant projects, their need is not critical for minor projects like painting, tiling, or minor repairs. But it’s always safer to double-check with the SDCI.

Conclusion

Getting a building permit in Seattle ensures you don't build your construction project without following local laws and standards. Following a systematic approach (understanding requirements, thorough documentation, etc.) with experienced professionals will save you time, spare you complications, and bring your project to life successfully.

Whether building a new home or updating an existing one, having proper permits in place is essential to a smooth and trouble-free experience. If you plan, you'll be confident you can complete your project.

[steveseattleservice]

How to Apply for a Seattle Building Permit

The Building Permits Seattle process is overwhelming if you do it for the first time. But once you know what is required and how to go about it step by step, it is a much easier process. Whether you’re constructing a new building or renovating an existing one, obtaining a building permit is a must to ensure that your project adheres to the regulations and safety standards set by the city.

What Type of Building Permits Do You Need to Get?

A building permit makes sure your construction project adheres with local zoning laws, building codes, and safety regulations. In Seattle, a permit is needed to for:

Protecting public safety.

Maintaining a building structural integrity.

Helpful to avoid expensive penalties and delay of the projects.

Not getting a permit may lead to fines, a mandated stop to the project or even a lawsuit.

Seattle Building Code lighting requirements

Essential knowledge before you start your application: The Seattle building permit requirements. These include:

Project Plans

Provide detailed architectural and structural drawings.

Attach site plans showing property lines and where project will sit.

Zoning Information

Double check your project complies with Seattle’s zoning regulations.

Note restrictions for height, setbacks, and use.

Environmental Compliance

Some projects might need an environmental review if they are in ecologically important areas, such as wetlands or steep slopes.

Contractor Information

Give information about your licensed contractor.

Permit Fees

Depending upon the size and value of your project, pay the relevant fees.

How to Apply for a Building Permit in Seattle

To minimize speed bumps along the way, take the following steps:

Know the Project Requirements

To see which permits your project will need, visit Seattle’s Department of Construction and Inspections (SDCI) website. Some small projects are eligible for an express permit.

Get Your Application Materials Ready

Make sure you have all your supporting documents accordingly:

Floor plans and elevations.

calculate (if necessary) structural

Energy code compliance forms.

Submit Your Application

Applications may be submitted online via the Seattle Services Portal. Be prepared to:

Upload all documents based on formats are needed.

Tell a lot about your project.

Pay Permit Fees

The fee is project size & project type dependent. Payments may be completed online or via an in person transaction.

Wait for Review

Your application will be reviewed by the SDCI, which may include:

Conduct plan checks to ensure compliance with building codes.

Zoning reviews to confirm the project is in compliance with local laws.

Environmental reviews, if applicable.

Respond to Corrections

Reviewers will provide feedback if there are issues identified. Make sure to address these corrections as soon as possible to prevent delays.

Schedule Inspections

After your permit is issued, inspections should be scheduled at specific points of the construction to verify compliance.

Guidelines to Follow for a Successful Application

Double Check Your Plans: Don't submit your plans until you are absolutely sure you have everything correct.

Hire a Professional: Using an architect or contractor that is knowledgeable about Seattle’s building codes can make the process smoother.

Plan Ahead: Permits can take weeks or months to process, so apply early to avoid stalling the project.

Check Your Application Status: Stay informed by checking the status of your application via the Seattle Services Portal.

When is a Building Permit Encouraged in Seattle?

New construction.

Major renovations or remodels.

Structural changes like taking down walls.

You need a permit to do any of the following: Installing decks, fences or retaining walls over a certain height

Smaller projects, such as painting or minor repairs, generally don’t require a permit.

Conclusion

However, you need to acquire building permits in Seattle to make sure that your construction project will comply with local laws and safety standards. If you navigate the building permits Seattle requirements and the application process in a systematic manner, you can save time, avoid complications, and successfully bring your project to life.

For a smoother experience, consider consulting with professionals who know Seattle’s permitting process. But with the right preparation, your project will be well on its way to success in no time.

[lydconstruction]

Transforming Spaces with Home Remodeling Contractors in Bellevue WA

Home remodeling is an exciting endeavor that can significantly enhance the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a home. In Bellevue, WA, homeowners often seek to improve their living spaces, whether it's through a kitchen remodel, bathroom renovation, or even a complete home makeover. This bustling city, known for its stunning views of the Cascade Mountains and proximity to Seattle, has a growing community of skilled home remodeling contractors in Bellevue WA who can bring homeowners' visions to life.

The demand for home remodeling has been on the rise in Bellevue, driven by several factors. First, the real estate market in the area is robust, with many families looking to invest in their homes rather than moving. Remodeling can increase property value, making it a smart financial decision. Additionally, as lifestyles evolve, so do the needs of homeowners. Whether it's creating more open space for entertaining, adding a home office, or modernizing outdated features, renovations are often necessary to keep up with changing demands.

When choosing a remodeling contractor in Bellevue, it’s essential to consider various factors to ensure that the project runs smoothly and meets expectations. Homeowners should begin by conducting thorough research to find potential contractors with a strong reputation. Online reviews, testimonials, and referrals from friends or family can provide valuable insights into a contractor's reliability and quality of work. Websites and social media platforms can also showcase a contractor’s previous projects, allowing homeowners to gauge their style and craftsmanship.

Communication is another critical aspect of a successful remodeling project. Homeowners should look for contractors who prioritize open and transparent dialogue. Discussing project timelines, budgets, and design ideas early on can help avoid misunderstandings later. A good contractor will listen to the homeowner's needs and collaborate to develop a plan that aligns with their vision. Establishing a positive working relationship with the contractor can contribute to a more enjoyable and productive remodeling experience.

Once homeowners have narrowed down their options, it is crucial to schedule consultations with potential contractors. This initial meeting is an opportunity to discuss the scope of the project, ask questions, and assess the contractor’s expertise. During the consultation, homeowners should inquire about the contractor’s experience with similar projects, their design process, and the materials they typically use. Understanding the contractor's approach to project management, including how they handle permits, inspections, and subcontractors, can provide additional peace of mind.

In Bellevue, many homeowners prefer to work with contractors who emphasize sustainability and energy efficiency in their remodeling projects. The Pacific Northwest is known for its environmental consciousness, and many contractors have adopted eco-friendly practices. This can include using sustainable materials, implementing energy-efficient appliances, and incorporating renewable energy sources. By choosing a contractor who prioritizes these practices, homeowners can reduce their carbon footprint while enhancing the comfort and efficiency of their homes.

Another aspect to consider is the contractor's ability to adapt to the unique architectural styles present in Bellevue. The city boasts a mix of modern, traditional, and mid-century homes, each requiring different approaches to remodeling. A skilled contractor will understand the nuances of these styles and work to enhance the home’s character while integrating contemporary design elements. This balance can create a harmonious blend of old and new, appealing to both homeowners and potential buyers.

Cost is, of course, a significant factor in any remodeling project. Homeowners should establish a budget before beginning the process and communicate it clearly to their chosen contractor. A reputable contractor will work within the budget while providing realistic expectations regarding what can be achieved. They should provide a detailed estimate that outlines the costs associated with materials, labor, and any other potential expenses. Being upfront about finances can help avoid unexpected surprises down the line.

As the remodeling process begins, homeowners should stay engaged and informed. Regular check-ins with the contractor can help ensure that the project is progressing according to the established timeline and budget. It's also an opportunity to address any concerns or modifications that may arise. A successful remodeling project requires flexibility and collaboration, and maintaining open lines of communication is essential.

The remodeling process can be disruptive to daily life, especially for larger projects. Homeowners should prepare for this disruption by creating a temporary living space if necessary. For instance, if the kitchen is being remodeled, setting up a makeshift kitchen in another area of the home can make day-to-day living more manageable. Being prepared for the realities of a remodel can help reduce stress and create a more positive experience.

Once the project is complete, homeowners will be able to enjoy the fruits of their labor. A well-executed remodel not only enhances the beauty and functionality of a home but also increases its market value. Whether it’s a sleek new kitchen, a luxurious bathroom, or a beautifully finished basement, the results of a remodeling project can have a lasting impact on the home and its occupants.

In Bellevue, the joy of a successful remodeling project extends beyond individual homes. As more homeowners invest in their properties, the overall aesthetic and value of neighborhoods can increase. This trend can create a ripple effect, encouraging further renovations and enhancing the community's appeal. Bellevue's commitment to quality design and craftsmanship fosters a vibrant housing market where residents can take pride in their homes and surroundings.

Home remodeling in Bellevue, WA, offers homeowners the opportunity to transform their spaces into personalized sanctuaries. With a variety of skilled contractors available, homeowners can find the right partner to help them realize their visions. By prioritizing communication, sustainability, and a deep understanding of the local architectural landscape, homeowners can embark on successful remodeling journeys that not only meet their needs but also elevate the beauty and functionality of their homes.

In this thriving city, the possibilities for home improvement are endless. Whether it's a small update or a complete overhaul, the right home remodeling contractors can make all the difference in achieving a successful and satisfying outcome. As Bellevue continues to grow and evolve, the spirit of renovation remains strong, allowing homeowners to create spaces that reflect their lifestyles and enhance their quality of life.

[hazardproscleanup]

The Benefits of Junk Removal Services in Seattle and Bonney Lake, WA

In our fast-paced lives, it's easy to accumulate clutter that can hinder productivity and create stress. Whether it's an overflowing garage, a basement filled with old furniture, or just too much stuff in your living room, clutter can make any space feel chaotic. Fortunately, junk removal services in Seattle and Bonney Lake, WA, can help restore order and peace to your home.

Why You Need Clutter Removal

Clutter can have a profound impact on your mental well-being. A disorganized space can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and even depression. Studies show that a cluttered environment can overwhelm our minds, making it hard to focus and find a sense of calm. By hiring professional junk removal services, you can reclaim your space and improve your overall quality of life.

Benefits of Hiring Junk Removal Services

Time-Saving: Sorting through years of accumulated items can be a time-consuming process. Junk removal services take the burden off your shoulders, allowing you to focus on what really matters in your life.

Expertise: Professionals know how to efficiently categorize, sort, and dispose of items. They are trained to handle various types of junk, from old appliances to hazardous materials, ensuring a safe and thorough removal process.

Environmental Responsibility: Many junk removal companies prioritize recycling and donating usable items. By choosing a service that focuses on eco-friendly practices, you can ensure that your unwanted items don’t end up in a landfill.

Physical Safety: Clearing out clutter can sometimes involve heavy lifting or dealing with sharp objects. Junk removal professionals are equipped to handle these tasks safely, reducing the risk of injury.

Stress Reduction: Letting go of items can be an emotional process. Having professionals assist you can ease the burden, allowing you to focus on the positive aspects of decluttering.

Junk Removal Services in Seattle

Seattle, known for its vibrant culture and natural beauty, is a city that deserves to be experienced without the burden of clutter. Junk removal services in Seattle offer a range of options tailored to meet the diverse needs of its residents. Whether you need a one-time clean-out or ongoing services, there are companies ready to help you reclaim your space.

Seattle’s junk removal companies often provide same-day services, allowing you to quickly rid yourself of unwanted items. Additionally, many of these services include free estimates, so you can plan your decluttering project without any surprises.

Clutter Removal in Bonney Lake, WA

Bonney Lake, with its scenic views and family-friendly atmosphere, is another area where Clutter Removal in Bonney Lake, WA can make a significant difference. Residents can benefit from local junk removal companies that understand the unique needs of the community. Whether it’s clearing out an old shed, renovating a home, or preparing for a move, professional services can help streamline the process.

Bonney Lake’s junk removal services often focus on customer satisfaction and eco-conscious practices. Many companies partner with local charities to donate gently used items, helping to give back to the community while reducing waste.

Getting Started with Junk Removal

If you’re ready to take the plunge and tackle your clutter, the first step is to research junk removal services in your area. Look for companies with positive reviews, transparent pricing, and a commitment to eco-friendly practices. Reach out for a consultation to discuss your needs, and get ready to enjoy the benefits of a clutter-free space.

Clutter removal is not just about cleaning; it’s about creating a space where you can thrive. By utilizing Junk Removal Services in Seattle and Bonney Lake, you can free yourself from the weight of unnecessary items and enjoy a more organized, peaceful environment. Whether you’re decluttering your home for a fresh start or preparing for a significant life change, professional services can help you every step of the way. Don’t wait—start your journey to a cleaner, more serene space today!

[evoldir]

Fwd: Graduate position:

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Graduate position: > Date: 21 May 2024 at 05:10:58 BST > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > A 2-year MSc level graduate student project is available > in January of 2025 or earlier involving the development > of a genome-wide DNA methylation-based method for aging > Pacific halibut as an alternative to current traditional aging > methods. This project will be the basis of a graduate thesis that > the student will conduct towards the completion of a MSc degree in > Environmental Science at Alaska Pacific University (APU) in Anchorage, AK > (https://ift.tt/3QKkEwC). > The student will be jointly supervised by faculty at APU and > scientists at the International Pacific Halibut Commission > (IPHC; https://www.iphc.int/) in Seattle, WA and the Auke > Bay Laboratories/Alaska Fisheries Science Center in Juneau, AK > (https://ift.tt/8tFZf97), to > develop and validate an epigenetic clock and high-throughput genomic > methods for age estimation that will inform the Pacific halibut stock > assessment. The specific objectives of this grant-funded project involve: > 1) developing an age estimation method based on the generation of a > high-resolution DNA methylation map for Pacific halibut tissue (fin clips) > by leveraging the high-quality reference genome (Jasonowicz et al., 2022; > https://ift.tt/qOzkE7V) and extensive transcriptomic > data available for Pacific halibut generated by the IPHC; 2) developing > predictive age models comparing age determinations by traditional > (i.e. otolith annuli reading) and genome-wide DNA methylation-based > methods; and, 3) developing error estimation methods and conducting > sensitivity analyses. MSc course requirements will be done at APU > in Anchorage and laboratory and bioinformatic work will be conducted > primarily at the IPHC office in Seattle. > > Ideal candidates will have a BSc in Fisheries, Marine Biology, > Ecology or related field and programming experience in one or more > modern scripting languages (eg. R, Python, etc.). Knowledge of using > Command Line Interfaces (CLI) such as Linux, Unix and or Bash shell is > strongly desired. Experience in analyzing genomic data is preferred but > not required. > > To apply, please send 1) a cover letter summarizing research interests > and experience, 2) a current CV containing a list of publications (if > applicable), 3) a copy of the latest academic transcript, and 4) the names > and contact information for three professional references to Dr. Nathan > Wolf at Alaska Pacific University (nwolf@alaskapacific.edu). Review of > candidates will begin immediately, but the position will remain open > until a suitable candidate is found. > > Josep Planas, Ph.D. > Biological & Ecosystem Science Branch Manager > 2320 West Commodore Way, Suite 300 > Seattle, WA 98199 USA > +1-206-552-7687 > josep.planas@iphc.int > www.iphc.int > > > Josep Planas

[graphicainc206]

Navigating the World of Seattle Design Firms

In the bustling city of Seattle, where innovation meets creativity, the demand for top-notch design services is ever-present. From sleek corporate branding to cutting-edge web design, businesses and individuals alike seek the expertise of Seattle Design Firms to elevate their visual identity and user experience. If you find yourself in need of design services in the Emerald City, you're in luck. Seattle is home to a plethora of talented design firms ready to bring your vision to life.

Understanding the Landscape

Seattle's design scene is diverse and dynamic, reflecting the city's vibrant culture and entrepreneurial spirit. From established firms with decades of experience to boutique studios specializing in niche areas, there's no shortage of options to choose from. Whether you're looking for architectural design, graphic design, industrial design, or digital design, you're sure to find a firm that suits your specific needs.

Key Factors to Consider

When searching for the right design firm in Seattle, several factors come into play:

Portfolio: Take the time to review each firm's portfolio. Look for projects similar to yours to gauge their expertise and style.

Expertise: Consider the firm's areas of expertise. Some may excel in branding and identity, while others may specialize in UX/UI design or architectural innovation.

Clientele: Pay attention to the types of clients the firm has worked with. A diverse portfolio with a mix of startups, corporations, and nonprofits can indicate adaptability and professionalism.

Collaborative Approach: Communication and collaboration are key in any design project. Choose a firm that values your input and is willing to work closely with you to achieve your goals.

Reputation: Research the firm's reputation within the industry. Client testimonials and reviews can provide valuable insights into their professionalism, reliability, and quality of work.

Top Seattle Design Firms

Teague: Renowned for its innovative approach to industrial design and user experience, Teague has been shaping the future of design for over 100 years.

Hornall Anderson: A multidisciplinary design firm specializing in branding, packaging, and environmental design, Hornall Anderson has worked with leading brands worldwide.

ZGF Architects: With a focus on sustainable design and urban planning, ZGF Architects is behind some of Seattle's most iconic architectural landmarks.

Substantial: A digital product studio known for its expertise in UX/UI design, Substantial helps startups and Fortune 500 companies alike create compelling digital experiences.

Heliotrope Architects: For those seeking bespoke residential and commercial design solutions, Heliotrope Architects combines creativity with craftsmanship to deliver timeless spaces.

Conclusion

Whether you're a startup looking to establish your brand or a corporation aiming to revamp your digital presence, finding the right design firm is crucial. Seattle's design landscape offers a wealth of options, each with its own unique strengths and specialties. By considering factors such as portfolio, expertise, and reputation, you can find a design firm that aligns with your vision and goals. So, dive into the world of Seattle design firms, and let creativity take center stage in your next project.

[seattlefence]

Unlocking the Best Fence Contractors in Seattle: Your Ultimate Guide to Quality, Durability, and Expertise

In the vibrant city of Seattle, where urban landscapes blend seamlessly with natural beauty, finding the right fence contractor can be a crucial decision. Whether you're aiming to enhance your property's security, boost its aesthetic appeal, or establish boundaries, a well-built fence is essential. But with numerous options available, selecting the perfect contractor can seem daunting. Fear not! This comprehensive guide unveils everything you need to know about finding top-notch fence contractors in Seattle.

Understanding the Importance of Quality Fencing

Before delving into the specifics of hiring a contractor, it's vital to grasp the significance of quality fencing. Seattle's unique climate, characterized by damp winters and mild summers, poses challenges to outdoor structures. A high-quality fence not only adds curb appeal to your property but also withstands the region's weather conditions, ensuring longevity and minimal maintenance.

Key Factors to Consider When Hiring Fence Contractors

Experience and Expertise: Look for contractors with extensive experience in the Seattle area. Seasoned professionals understand the local climate's impact on fencing materials and construction techniques, ensuring superior results.

Reputation and Reviews: Research prospective contractors online and seek recommendations from friends, neighbors, or local community groups. Positive reviews and testimonials reflect a contractor's reliability, professionalism, and customer satisfaction.

Licensing and Insurance: Ensure that the contractor holds the necessary licenses and insurance coverage. Licensed professionals adhere to industry standards and regulations, while insurance protects you from liability in case of accidents or property damage during the project.

Portfolio and References: Review the contractor's portfolio to assess the quality of their previous work. Request references from past clients and inquire about their overall experience, craftsmanship, and adherence to timelines and budgets.

Communication and Collaboration: Effective communication is paramount throughout the fencing project. Choose a contractor who listens to your requirements, provides transparent estimates, and communicates promptly and courteously at every stage of the process.

Exploring Fencing Materials and Styles

Seattle's diverse architectural landscape offers a myriad of fencing styles to complement various property types and aesthetics. From classic wood fences to modern metal designs, selecting the right material and style is crucial. Here are some popular options:

Wood Fencing: Timeless and versatile, wood fences add warmth and charm to residential properties. Cedar and redwood are popular choices due to their natural resistance to rot and decay. Opt for a classic picket fence, privacy fence, or custom design to suit your preferences.

Vinyl Fencing: Low-maintenance and durable, vinyl fences are an excellent choice for busy homeowners. Available in a range of colors and styles, vinyl fencing mimics the look of wood without the need for regular staining or painting. It's resistant to rot, fading, and insect damage, making it ideal for Seattle's climate.

Metal Fencing: Sleek and contemporary, metal fences offer security without sacrificing style. Aluminum and steel fences are durable, corrosion-resistant, and customizable to fit any property layout. Choose from ornamental wrought iron designs, minimalist aluminum panels, or modern steel slat fences to enhance your property's curb appeal.

Composite Fencing: Combining the benefits of wood and plastic, composite fencing offers the beauty of natural wood with the durability of recycled materials. Composite boards are resistant to rot, insects, and fading, making them an eco-friendly and long-lasting fencing option for environmentally conscious homeowners.

Chain Link Fencing: Affordable and functional, chain link fences provide security and visibility for residential and commercial properties. With various gauges and coatings available, chain link fences are customizable to suit different security needs and aesthetic preferences.

Choosing the Right Fence for Your Property

When selecting a fence for your Seattle property, consider the following factors:

Privacy Requirements: Determine the level of privacy you need based on your property layout and neighboring structures. Tall privacy fences are ideal for urban properties or homes situated close to busy streets, while shorter picket fences may suffice for suburban or rural settings.

Security Concerns: Assess your security needs and choose a fence design that enhances safety without compromising aesthetics. Solid-panel fences, wrought iron gates, and automatic security systems provide additional security measures for homes and businesses.

Maintenance Preferences: Consider your willingness to maintain the fence over time. While wood fences require periodic staining or sealing to protect against moisture and decay, vinyl and metal fences are virtually maintenance-free, requiring only occasional cleaning to maintain their appearance.

Architectural Style: Harmonize your fence design with the architectural style of your property. Traditional homes often pair well with classic wood picket fences or ornamental metal designs, while contemporary residences may benefit from sleek aluminum or composite fencing options.

Budget Considerations: Establish a realistic budget for your fencing project and explore cost-effective materials and design options that meet your needs. While initial costs may vary, investing in high-quality materials and professional installation ensures long-term value and satisfaction.

The Importance of Professional Installation

While DIY fence installation may seem tempting, hiring a professional contractor offers numerous advantages:

Expertise and Efficiency: Experienced contractors possess the necessary skills and equipment to complete the project efficiently and accurately. From site preparation and material selection to installation and finishing touches, professionals ensure superior results and minimize costly mistakes.

Compliance with Regulations: Professional contractors adhere to local building codes and regulations, obtaining the necessary permits and approvals for your fencing project. Compliance with zoning laws and property line restrictions prevents legal issues and ensures the longevity of your fence.

Warranty and Guarantee: Reputable contractors offer warranties on materials and workmanship, providing peace of mind and assurance against defects or issues that may arise after installation. In the rare event of a problem, professional contractors stand behind their work and strive to resolve any concerns promptly and satisfactorily.

Safety and Liability: Fence installation involves heavy materials and specialized tools, posing potential risks to untrained individuals. Professional contractors prioritize safety measures and follow industry best practices to minimize accidents and liability during the project.

Enhanced Curb Appeal: A professionally installed fence enhances your property's aesthetic appeal and resale value. Skilled contractors ensure precise alignment, sturdy construction, and seamless integration with existing landscaping, elevating the overall appearance of your outdoor space.

Conclusion: Finding Your Top Fence Contractor in Seattle

Seattle Fence Contractors: With a commitment to excellence and a track record of satisfied customers, Seattle Fence Contractors tops the list as the premier choice for fencing solutions in the Seattle area. Their dedication to quality craftsmanship, superior materials, and personalized customer service sets them apart as the go-to destination for residential and commercial fencing projects of any scale.

Emerald City Fence Company: Renowned for their attention to detail and innovative design solutions, Emerald City Fence Company boasts a team of skilled professionals dedicated to bringing your fencing vision to life. From traditional wood fences to modern metal designs, they offer a wide range of options to suit every style and budget, ensuring lasting beauty and functionality for your property.

Pacific Northwest Fence: With decades of experience serving the Seattle community, Pacific Northwest Fence has established itself as a trusted name in the industry, delivering reliable fencing solutions built to withstand the Pacific Northwest's challenging climate. Their commitment to quality, integrity, and customer satisfaction makes them a top choice for discerning homeowners and businesses seeking reliable fencing solutions tailored to their unique needs.

No matter which contractor you choose, rest assured that you're in capable hands, with professionals dedicated to delivering exceptional results and exceeding your expectations. Whether you prioritize aesthetic appeal, security, or durability, these top three fence contractors in Seattle are equipped to meet your needs and enhance your property for years to come.

[seattledreamfloors]

If You’re Looking for Hardwood Floor Installation Services in Seattle, WA, You Have Several Options To Choose From

If you're looking for Hardwood Floor Installations in Seattle, WA, you have several options to choose from. Here are some steps to help you find the right professionals for the job:

Search Online: Start by searching online for hardwood floor installation companies in Seattle. Use search engines like Google or online directories like Yelp to find a list of contractors in your area.

Ask for Recommendations: Ask friends, family members, or colleagues who have recently had hardwood floors installed in their homes for recommendations. Personal referrals can be valuable in finding trustworthy contractors.

Check Online Reviews: Read online reviews and ratings for the contractors you find. Websites like Yelp, Angie's List, and Google Reviews can provide insights into the quality of their work and customer satisfaction.

Verify Credentials: Ensure that the contractors you are considering are licensed and insured. This is important for your protection in case of accidents or damage during the installation process.

Request Multiple Quotes: Contact several contractors to request quotes for your project. Be specific about the type of hardwood flooring you want, the square footage of the area, and any other relevant details. This will help you compare prices and services.

Ask for References: Ask contractors for references from past clients. Contact these references to inquire about their experience with the contractor and the quality of the work performed.

Visit Showrooms: If possible, visit the showrooms of the contractors you are considering. This will give you a chance to see the quality of their hardwood flooring materials and get a better sense of their expertise.

Discuss Timeline: Discuss the expected timeline for the project with each contractor. Make sure they can accommodate your schedule and have a clear plan for the installation process.

Get a Written Contract: Once you've chosen a contractor, make sure to get a written contract that outlines all the details of the project, including costs, materials, timelines, and any warranties or guarantees.

Follow up on Permits: Depending on the scope of your project, you may need permits or approvals from your local city or county. Make sure the contractor is aware of and can assist with obtaining any necessary permits.

Here are a few Hardwood Floor Refinishing in Seattle, WA that you can consider (as of my last knowledge update in September 2021). However, please verify their current status and reviews:

Seattle Flooring America: They offer a wide range of hardwood flooring options and installation services.

Seattle Floor Service: They specialize in hardwood floor installation and refinishing services in the Seattle area.

Eco Floors of Seattle:��Known for environmentally friendly flooring options, they offer hardwood floor installation services with a focus on sustainability.

Abrams Floors: This family-owned business has been serving the Seattle area for many years and offers hardwood floor installation and refinishing services.

Remember to do your due diligence, obtain multiple quotes, and select a contractor who meets your specific needs and budget. Additionally, make sure to check for any updates or new contractors that may have emerged since my last knowledge update in September 2021.

[skyfire85]

-Mockups of the two final American SST concepts, the Boeing 2707 and the Lockheed L-2000. | Composite Photo: Justin Gibb

FLIGHTLINE: 136 - AMERICAN SST PROGRAM

Various programs to develop a supersonic transport in the US stretched from the middle 1950s until the early 1970s, but no aircraft ever resulted.

The first recorded supersonic flight (the speed of sound is 767mph at 20°C/68°F at sea level) was on 14 October 1947, when the American X-1, piloted by Chuck Yeager, reached Mach 1.06. By the 1950s, supersonic flight became a more regular occurrence, though it was still almost exclusively restricted to military pilots. Around this time, various projects around the world began to develop airliners that could break the sound barrier too. Designs like the Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle and Bristol Type 223 were sketched, but technical limitations as well as a lack of funding stalled those efforts.

♫NINETY MINUTES FROM NEW YORK TO PARIS♫

Research continued however, and by the early-1960s a new round of programs were started, with BAC (later BAe and BAE Systems) and Sud Aviation (later Aérospatiale and Airbus) joining forces to produce what became Concorde, while the Soviet design bureau Tupolev developed the Tu-144 (NATO reporting name "Charger"). Numerous American carriers placed orders for Concorde aircraft, but spiraling costs and a desire to develop a domestic SST saw those orders canceled in the early 1970s. In the end, only Air France and BOAC/British Airways operated Concorde, while the Tu-144 was exclusively flown by the Soviet state airline Aeroflot.

BUY AMERICAN!

The FAA estimated in the early 1960s that there would be a market for 500+ SSTs by the year 1990. Fearing Anglo-French domination of the airline industry, the US Congress began funding various research programs, and President John F Kennedy announced a National Supersonic Transport program on 5 June 1963. Requests for proposals were sent to Boeing, Lockheed, and North American for the airframes; and Curtiss-Wright, General Electric and Pratt & Whitney for engines. The request stipulated a cruise speed of Mach 3, and a passenger capacity of up to 300. Preliminary designs were submitted on 15 January 1964

-Line drawing of the Boeing 733-790 SST, which initially featured swing wings. | Illustration: Boeing

The Boeing 733 model featured a large blended wing root with variable geometry outer panels, resembling an enlarged Rockwell B-1. The proposal included optional fuselage extensions, potentially increasing capacity to 227 passengers.

-Line drawing of the the CL-823. | Illustration: Lockheed Corp.

Lockheed's CL-823 was functionally an enlarged Concorde, though the wing shape was a cranked arrow rather than Concorde's ogival delta.

The North American NAC-60 was the smallest and slowest of the competitors, potentially transporting 187 passengers at Mach 2.65.

In 1965 the FAA downselected the NAC-60 design, as well as Curtiss-Wright's engine work, freeing up funds for Boeing and Lockheed on the airframe side and P&W and GE for the engine development.

TIME TO SHARPEN YOUR PENCIL.

The FAA scheduled a final selection in 1966, and requested detailed proposals from Boeing and Lockheed. Boeing had gone through several iterations of the Model 733, with the 733-390 being presented in September 1966. The aircraft was one of the first wide-body airliners, with 2-3-2 seating. In the 30-seat first class section, small tv's were to be integrated into a console between the seats, while in the 247-seat tourist class section larger retractable tv's would drop from the overheads every six rows. Externally, the engine pods had been moved back under the tail, and the wings, when swept back, would form a delta with the tail.

-Illustration of the 733-390, with one at maximum sweep and one at minimum. | Illustration: Boeing.

Lockheed's CL-823 had evolved as well, with the L-2000-1 design having changed from a cranked arrow to a delta wing, with the engines separated into individual pods. In order to speed production, the L-2000 was projected to use a derivative of the J58 engine that had powered the A-12 OXCART and SR-71 Blackbird. New requirements from the government saw changes to the wing and fuselage, and the engine pods were redesigned to accommodate either the P&W JTF-17A or GE4 designed as part of the SST program. The final design presented to the FAA was the L-2000-7A/B (the B was 20 feet longer), which had a passenger capacity of 230.

-Advertising image of the L-2000-7A. | Illustration: Monsigneurhulot

THE FINAL SHOWDOWN

The final designs, complete with full-scale mockups, were presented in September 1966.

-The full-scale mockup of the 733-390, in a striking white-over-yellow paint scheme. The size of the plane is evident from the man standing near the third jack. | Photo: Boeing

-Appearing no less impressive, the Lockheed L-2000 mockup. | Photo: Lockheed

FAA review of the competing SSTs took until December, with the Boeing design being announced the winner on 1 January 1967. The L-2000 was judged to easier to produce, but it was also thought to be less risky and advanced than the Boeing entry, and thus the latter was more in the spirit of the design mandate. Also, the Lockheed craft was anticipated to be louder with the JTF-17A engines, as well as being slower.

Boeing anticipated construction of the 733-390 prototypes, now referred to as the 2707-200, would begin in 1967, with first flight in 1970. Construction of the production models was expected to commence 1969, with first flight in 1972 and FAA certification anticipated by 1974.

-The public enthusiasm for the SST program was initially high, with scale models and toys of the design being release by multiple companies. Seattle's NBA team, formed in 1967, was initially named the SuperSonics. | Photo: oldmodelkits.com

NO PLAN SURVIVES FIRST CONTACT WITH THE ENEMY (IN THIS CASE, PHYSICS)

Almost immediately, Boeing began encountering problems with the design. Canards were added to improve flight characteristics, but this added weight. The swing wing mechanism were also much heavier than anticipated, with one pivot section being an eleven feet long, two-and-a-half feet thick piece of titanium weighing 4,600lbs. All of this added weight was eating into the plane's range and lowering the speed, and in October 1968 the company made the decision to delete the variable geometry wings and utilize a fixed delta instead. Fabrication of a mockup of the new design, the 2707-300, as well as two prototypes, commenced in September 1969. Despite these issues and delays, by October 1969 Boeing had orders for 122 2707s from 26 airlines, including Alitalia, Canadian Pacific Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Iberia, KLM, Northwest Airlines, and World Airways.

It was during this period however than organized opposition to SSTs became more pronounced. During the first half of 1964, the FAA conducted Operation Bongo II, under which Oklahoma City, Oklahoma was subjected a total of 1,253 sonic booms. Up to eight booms were scheduled, beginning at 7am and ending in the afternoon. Various aircraft were used, from fighters like the F-104 to bombers like the B-58 and XB-70. The results of the experiment were encouraging, with only 9,594 complaints of damage to buildings, 4,629 formal damage claims, and 229 claims for a total of $12,845.32 ($108.983.34 in 2021). 73% of subjects in the study said that they could live indefinitely with eight sonic booms per day, while 25% said that they couldn't. Approximately 3% of the population filed complaints or lawsuits. The FAA's handling of the program and response to the claims completely undid the public's acceptance of supersonic flight however. The program was undertaken with minimal engagement of the local authorities, and afterwards the FAA dismissed 94% of the claims received, attracting the ire of state and national leaders. Class action lawsuits were filed against the government, and public opinion turned against the SST. This culminated in a national ban on supersonic flight over land. Another source of concerns was the exhaust from the jet engines, specifically nitrogen oxides, which were found to damage stratospheric ozone. A fleet of 500 SSTs was calculated to cause a drop in ozone of 1 to 2%, though changes in fuel and engine technology would help mange this.

THE COLLAPSING STAGE...

The mounting environmental concerns, souring public perception, continuing technical hurdles and competing projects saw the funding for the SST program drying up. Both the House and Senate voted in 1971 to end funding for the program, spelling the end of American SST. Whatever work completed on the prototypes was dismantled, and the one completed 2707-300 mockup was sold to the SST Aviation Exhibit Center in Florida, which displayed it from 1973 until 1981. Hard times saw the closure of the museum, which was then sold to the Faith World Church in 1983. For the next seven years, the Osceola New Life Assembly of God held services beneath the wing of the only remaining example of the US' supersonic airliner program.

-The 2707 mockup some time in the 1980s. Sunday school classes were held under the port wing for nearly a decade. | Photo: Boeing

In 1990 the remnants of the mockup were sold to Stan Hiller, helicopter pioneer and owner of the Hiller Aviation museum. In 2013 the forward 90' section of the fuselage, now all that remained, were shipped to the Museum of Flight was part of a transfer between the two museums. What's left of the 2707-300 is now under restoration; the last remnants of a grand dream to move air travel forward at Mach 3.

-The remaining segment of the 2707, now 50 years after the program's termination. | Photo: Boeing

[earaercircular]

The Cotton Tote Crisis

You can get cotton bags pretty much everywhere. How did an environmental solution become part of the problem?

Recently, Venetia Berry, an artist in London, counted up the free cotton tote bags that she had accumulated in her closet. There were at least 25.

There were totes from the eco-fashion brand Reformation and totes from vintage stores, totes from Soho House, boutique countryside hotels and independent art shops. She had two totes from Cubitts, the millennial-friendly opticians, and even one from a garlic farm. “You get them without choosing,” Ms. Berry, 28, said.

Cotton bags have become a means for brands, retailers and supermarkets to telegraph a planet-friendly mind-set — or, at least, to show that the companies are aware of the overuse of plastic in packaging. (There was a brief lull in cotton tote use during the pandemic, when there were fears that reusable bags could harbor the virus, but they are now fully back in force.)

The embrace of cotton totes may have created a new problem

“There’s a trend in New York right now where people are wearing merch: carrying totes from local delis, hardware stores or their favorite steakhouse,” said the designer Rachel Comey.

So far, so earth-friendly? Not exactly. It turns out the wholehearted embrace of cotton totes may actually have created a new problem.

An organic cotton tote needs to be used 20,000 times to offset its overall impact of production, according to a 2018 study[1]by the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark[2]. That equates to daily use for 54 years — for just one bag. According to that metric, if all 25 of her totes were organic, Ms. Berry would have to live for more than a thousand years to offset her current arsenal. (The study has not been peer-reviewed.)

“Cotton is so water intensive,” said Travis Wagner, an environmental science professor at the University of Maine. It’s also associated with forced labor, thanks to revelations about the treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang, China,[3]which produces 20 percent of the world’s cotton and supplies most Western fashion brands. And figuring out how to dispose of a tote in an environmentally low-impact way is not nearly as simple as people think.

You can’t, for example, just put a tote in a compost bin: Maxine Bédat[4], a director at the New Standard Institute, a nonprofit focused on fashion and sustainability, said she has “yet to find a municipal compost that will accept textiles.”

And only 15 percent of the 30 million tons of cotton produced every year actually makes its way to textile depositories.

Even when a tote does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes used to print logos onto them are PVC-based and thus not recyclable; they’re “extremely difficult to break down chemically,” said Christopher Stanev, the co-founder of Evrnu,[5]a Seattle-based textile recycling firm. Printed patterns have to be cut out of the cloth; Mr. Stanev estimates 10 to 15 percent of the cotton Evrnu receives is wasted this way.

At which point there is the issue of turning old cloth into new, which is almost as energy intensive as making it in the first place. “Textile’s biggest carbon footprint occurs at the mill,” Ms. Bédat said.

The cotton tote dilemma

The cotton tote dilemma, said Laura Balmond, a project manager for the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s Make Fashion Circular campaign,[6]is “a really good example of unintended consequences of people trying to make positive choices, and not understanding the full landscape.”

How did we get here?

Arguably, it was the British designer Anya Hindmarch who put the reusable cotton bag on the map. Her 2007 “I’m Not a Plastic Bag” tote[7], created with the environmental agency Swift, sold for around $10 (£5) in supermarkets. It encouraged shoppers to stop buying single-use bags and went effectively viral.

“Eighty thousand people queued in one day in the U.K.” alone, the designer said. And it was effective. The number of bags bought in the U.K. dropped from around 10 billion to about six billion by 2010, according to the British Retail Consortium.[8]“It was important at the time to use fashion to communicate the problem,” Ms. Hindmarch said.

Naturally, it soon became a branding tool. The famed cream-and-black New Yorker tote turned into a status symbol; since 2014, the Condé Nast-owned weekly has gifted two million bags to subscribers, according to a spokesman for the magazine.

Kiehls, the skin care line,[9]offers totes for $1, while fashion brands like Reformation began bagging purchases in black cotton versions; Lakeisha Goedluck, 28, a writer in Copenhagen, said she has “at least six.” Some customers get rid of theirs by selling them on Poshmark.[10]

The idea, said Shaun Russell, the founder of Skandinavisk,[11] a Swedish skin care brand that is a registered B Corp [12]— or business that meets certain standards for social or environmental sustainability — is “to use your customers as mobile billboards.” It’s free advertising. “Any brand that claims otherwise would be lying,” he added.

Suzanne Santos, the chief customer officer of Aesop,[13]doesn’t know exactly how many ecru bags the Aussie beauty brand produces every year but admitted it’s “a lot.” Aesop, which is also a registered B Corp, first introduced them as shopping bags a decade ago; Ms. Santos said customers consider them “an emblematic part of the Aesop experience.” So much so that the brand receives angry emails when they don’t arrive with online orders. “Abuse would be the right word,” she said, describing it over a Zoom call from Sydney. (Ms. Santos said customers wanting to offload their excess bags can return them to stores, though Aesop doesn’t advertise that possibility on its website or in-store.)

Supposed sustainability of totes means more brands than ever

Cotton bags have long existed in luxury; shoes and handbags come in protective dust wrappings. But the supposed sustainability of totes means more brands than ever are packaging wares in ever more layers. Items that don’t even need protection from dust, like hair scrunchies, organic tampons and facial cleansers, now arrive swaddled in a sleeping bag.

“It’s just packaging on top of packaging on top of packaging,” said Ms. Bédat.

That’s not to say cotton is worse than plastic, or that the two should even be compared. While cotton can use pesticides (if it’s not organically grown) and has dried up rivers from water consumption, lightweight plastic bags use greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels, never biodegrade and clog up the oceans.

Weighing the two materials against each other, “we end up in an environmental what-about-ism that leaves consumers with the idea that there is no solution,” said Melanie DuPuis, a professor of environmental studies and science at Pace University.[14]

Buffy Reid, of the British knitwear label &Daughter,[15]halted production of her cotton bags in April this year; she’s planning to implement an on-site feature where customers can opt into receiving one. Though Aesop isn’t halting production, the brand is converting the composition of their bags to a 60-40 blend of recycled and organic cotton. “It will cost us 15 percent more,” said Ms. Santos, but “it reduces water by 70 to 80 percent.”

Some brands are turning to other textile solutions. The British designer Ally Capellino[16]recently swapped cotton for hemp, while Ms. Hindmarch introduced a new version of her original tote, this time made from recycled water bottles; Nordstrom[17]also uses similar bags in its stores.

In the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. “Not every product needs a bag,” said Ms. Comey.

Source

Grace Cook, The Cotton Tote Crisis, in: New York Times, Sept. 1, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/24/style/cotton-totes-climate-crisis.html

[1] https://mst.dk/service/publikationer/publikationsarkiv/2018/mar/plastposer-lca/ The report provides a lifecycle assessment (LCA) of production, use and disposal of shopping bags available in Danish supermarkets in autumn 2017. 16 different environmental parameters have been compared, and the results are shown by how many times a given type of carrier bag should be used to be as environmentally good as a regular plastic carrier bag. [2] Ministry of the Environment of Denmark (Danish: Miljøministeriet) is the Danish ministry in charge of near all matters concerning environmental issues in Denmark. The head office is in Copenhagen. Created in 1971 as the Ministry of Pollution Combating ("Ministeriet for forureningsbekæmpelse"), it changed its name in 1973 to the current Ministry of the Environment. However, from 1994 to 2005 it was known as the Ministry of Environment and Energy ("Miljø- og Energiministeriet"), as the ministry was merged with the Ministry of Energy. In 2005, the energy sector was detached again and the ministry reverted to the old name. [3] https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2095815/global-brands-find-it-hard-to-untangle-themselves-from-xinjiang-cotton Faced with accusations that it was profiting from the forced labour of Uyghur people in the Chinese territory of Xinjiang, the H&M Group — the world’s second-largest clothing retailer — promised last year to stop buying cotton from the region. But last month, H&M confronted a new outcry, this time from Chinese consumers who seized on the company’s renouncement of the cotton as an attack on China. Social media filled with angry demands for a boycott, urged on by the government. Global brands like H&M risked alienating a country of 1.4 billion people. [4] https://www.elle.com/fashion/a36619496/maxine-bedat-unraveled-interview/Bédat is the founder and director of the New Standard Institute, a nonprofit that describes itself as a "think and do tank" for raising the fashion industry's consciousness. She previously co-founded the ethical e-commerce site Zady, and her experience on that side of the industry has informed her activism and writing. [5] https://www.evrnu.com/ Evrnu® is a textile innovations company creating a circular ecosystem. Evrnu technologies are used to create engineered fibers with extraordinary performance and environmental advantages, made from discarded clothing. [6] https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/topics/fashion/overview?source=post_page---------------------------We can build an industry that designs products to be: used more, made to be made again, made from safe and recycled or renewable inputs. Together we can make fashion circular and help tackle the root causes of global challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. [7] https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/the-im-not-a-plastic-bag-craze-hits-new-york The canvas tote was made popular by a combination of things including celebrity and unavailability. [8] https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11084876 The British Retail Consortium says the number used fell every year from 2006 to May 2010, resulting in a 43% cut from 10.6 to 6.1bn bags overall. [9] https://www.kiehls.com/heritage.html [10] https://poshmark.com/brand/Reformation-Women-Bags-Totes Poshmark is a social commerce marketplace where users in the US, Canada, and Australia can buy and sell new or used clothing, shoes, and accessories. The company is headquartered in Redwood City, California. [11] https://skandinavisk.com/ Fragrance stories from Scandinavia, designed to leave a lighter footprint. Eau de Toilette, Personal Care, Candles & Diffusers. Vegan, Natural, Organic, Responsible. Certified B Corporation. [12] https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/declaration-of-interdependence-b-lab-globals-andrew-kassoy B Lab is a non-profit organization that was founded in 2006 in Berwyn, Pennsylvania. B Lab created, and awards, the B corporation certification for for-profit organizations. The "B" stands for beneficial and indicates that the certified organizations

voluntarily meet certain standards of transparency, accountability, sustainability, and performance, with an aim to create value for society, not just for traditional stakeholders such as the shareholders. [13] https://www.aesop.com/fr/en/r/aesop-range/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIxb2ErLvi8gIVTO7tCh2kMAVPEAAYASAAEgIAw_D_BwE&gclsrc=aw.dsAesop was established in 1987. The company is headquartered in Melbourne, and have offices and stores in many parts of the world. Its objective has always been to formulate skin, hair and body care products of the finest quality; we investigate widely to source plant-based and laboratory-made ingredients, and use only those with a proven record of safety and efficacy. In each of our unique stores, informed consultants are pleased to introduce the Aesop range and to guide your selections. [14] https://dyson.pace.edu/the-dyson-difference/faculty-bookshelf/melanie-dupuis [15] https://www.and-daughter.com/ [16] https://www.allycapellino.co.uk/ [17] https://www.nordstrom.com/

[xhxhxhx]

Rick Perlstein, Reaganland (Simon & Schuster, 2020):

AT THE SAME TIME, HOWEVER, a separate anti-liberal backlash was taking root. It was spurred by summer after summer of race riots, and its political base was not business but middle-class homeowners, who blamed civil rights and the War on Poverty for a civilization-threatening breakdown in law and order. Business was largely on the liberal side of this issue—like the author of a 1966 article in the Harvard Business Review predicting “riots and arson and spreading slums” if “the businessman does not accept his rightful role as leader in the push for the goals of the ‘Great Society’ (or whatever tag he wants to give it).”

No, business’s backlash, its emergence as a [class for itself], came a little bit later, in response to a new, and different, sort of liberalism—one whose buzzwords were “environmentalism” and “consumerism,” and which, unlike Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty, placed corporate power squarely in its sights.

Date its origin to the summer of 1967. Around the same time Congress was responding to middle-class constituent anger over black riots by voting down a modest bill funding rodent control in the slums, a remarkable hearing was held by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, chaired by Senator Warren Magnuson of Washington State. Magnuson had been approached by a Seattle physician who described a “chronic, unrelenting procession of burned and scarred children” in his work at Seattle Children’s Hospital, caused by the sort of flammable fabrics that had supposedly been outlawed by the Flammable Fabrics Act of 1953. That law, however, had been written by industry lobbyists. Back then, Commerce Committee members were classed by what industry they served: “textile senators,” “trucking senators,” “railroad senators,” “tobacco senators” (the leading tobacco senator was the former president of the Tobacco Institute). They sponsored protectionist laws written by their benefactors—like the Wool Products Labeling Act, which banned manufacturers from selling a product as wool if it contained a single strand of recycled or synthetic fiber; or bills fixing prices for legacy companies. The process was so corrupt that when Chairman Magnuson hired a young lawyer in 1964 named Michael Pertschuk to run the committee’s portfolio of consumer products legislation, the fellow he replaced congratulated him on all the price-fixed products, from audio equipment to toasters, that he soon would be getting for free.

This all would soon be a thing of the past.

Magnuson had been a fisheries senator and an aviation senator. After almost losing his seat in 1962, however, he reinvented himself aggressively as a new kind of liberal legislative entrepreneur: a consumerist senator. He put Pertschuk to work toughening up the limp Flammable Fabrics Act. A textile industry lobbyist replied “blood would run in the halls of Congress” before his industry let it pass. But the hearings Pertschuk staged in July of 1967 were a masterpiece of legislative melodrama. The Seattle doctor testified: “In all honesty, I must say I do not consider it a triumph when the life of a severely burned child is saved.… Death may be more merciful.” A beloved CBS News commentator told the story of his eleven-year-old daughter, burned nearly to death when a cotton blouse that met federal safety standards combusted when a match was dropped on it. A representative of the Cotton Textile Council boasted of the “admirable” results produced by its standards committee. The square-jawed and stentorian Magnuson replied:

“How often does your standards committee meet?”

“Regularly, Senator.”

How often, Magnuson followed up, before they’d received his recent letter warning them of impending congressional action?

“Ten years,” the lobbyist admitted.

The amendments passed the committee unanimously, then both houses, virtually unchanged. President Johnson signed the bill with Magnuson by his side. The following day he signed the first update to meat inspection law since the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, with Upton Sinclair, the novelist whose 1905 exposé The Jungle had inspired it, standing next to him. A landmark “truth in lending” bill went to conference six weeks later. The former senator Paul Douglas, a New Deal economist who had lost his seat in 1966 largely because white Chicago factory workers turned their back on him because of his advocacy for a failed bill outlawing housing discrimination, had been pressing for it since the 1950s, but was defeated in the Finance Committee session after session. Now, however, it passed the committee unanimously.

The floodgates opened: to laws fighting deceptive practices by door-to-door salesmen and moving companies, outlawing hazardous radiation from electronics equipment, closing gaps in poultry and fish inspection, demanding accuracy in product warranties, regulating cigarettes. “Consumer Interests: Legislative Derby Has Begun,” one Midwestern newspaper reported early in 1968. That headline appeared just as Congress voted to outlaw housing discrimination in a desperate response to the riots following the April 4, 1968, assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. The version that passed, however, weaker than one killed in 1966, added near-police-state provisions limiting militant blacks’ freedom to travel. Riots had burned down Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty. “Consumerism” sprung forth phoenix-like from the ashes.

Politicians discovered that scourging industry greed was the smart political play. It certainly was for Magnuson, who glided to reelection in 1970 with ads that bragged, “There’s a law that forced Detroit to make cars safer—Senator Magnuson’s law. There’s a law that keeps the gas pipelines under your house from blowing up—Senator Magnuson’s law. There’s a law that makes food labels tell the truth—Senator Magnuson’s law. Keep the big boys honest; let’s keep Maggie in the Senate.”

It heralded a remarkable shift in public opinion. In 1966, 55 percent of Americans had a “great deal of confidence in the leaders of major companies.” Five years later, the percentage was 27 percent. Between 1968 and 1970, the portion believing “business tries to strike a fair balance between profits and the interest of the public” fell from 70 percent to 33 percent. Wrote pollster Lou Harris, “People have come to be skeptical about American ‘know-how,’ worried that it might pollute, contaminate, poison, or even kill them.”

[...]

IDEALISTIC YOUNG LAWYERS FLOCKED TO the organizations [Ralph] Nader began forming [in the late 1960s]. The first product of these “Nader’s Raiders” was a 185-page report on the Federal Trade Commission, a notoriously toothless regulatory body that took, on average, four years to investigate every complaint, punishing the guilty with unenforceable orders to cease and desist. The monograph was couriered to 150 key journalists out of the back of a Raider’s Volkswagen. It called the FTC a “self-parody of bureaucracy, fat with cronyism, torpid through inbreeding unusual even for Washington, manipulated by the agents of commercial predators, impervious to government or citizen monitoring,” ridden with “alcoholism, spectacular lassitude, and office absenteeism.”

By then the president was Richard Nixon, who had to accede to the new anti-corporate mood just to maintain political credibility. He ordered up his own FTC investigation. It arrived at similar conclusions. So Nixon replaced the FTC director with the shrewdest bureaucrat in his administration, Caspar “Cap the Knife” Weinberger, who roared out of the starting gate with actions against dubious advertising claims of such blue-chip products as Hi-C, Listerine, Wonder Bread, and McDonald’s.

Nixon then signed a landmark mine safety law and the National Environmental Policy Act, establishing the first new independent federal regulatory agency since 1938, then added another with a law authorizing the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. That project was inherited from the Johnson administration, and at first, Nixon’s version was so mild that the U.S. Chamber of Commerce endorsed it. But the “creature that ultimately stomped out of Congress,” a historian recounted, was a “Frankenstein of Chamber members’ nightmares.” Federal agents had never had the authority to inspect individual businesses for health and safety violations. OSHA gave them the power to do it without warrants, then levy hefty fines with no avenue for appeal. Richard Nixon didn’t dare veto it.

Nor did he veto tough amendments to the Clean Air Act of 1963 that included something nearly unprecedented in previous environmental legislation: specific deadlines for compliance. It also enjoined the new EPA from considering costs in establishing ambient air standards—inspiring Robert Griffin, a Republican automotive senator from Michigan, to snarl that the 1975 deadline for limiting auto exhaust pollutants “holds a gun to the head of the American automobile industry in a very dangerous game of roulette.” The technology to implement the standards, he complained, did not exist. Democrat Edmund Muskie of Maine, the leader of senate environmentalists, responded, “This deadline is based not, I repeat, not, on economic and technological feasibility, but on considerations of public health.… Detroit has told the nation that Americans cannot live without the automobile. This legislation would tell Detroit that if this is the case, then they must make an automobile with which the American people can live.” The version that passed the Senate 73–2 was stronger than what had been debated in any hearing. A cowed GM lobbyist told the National Journal that “the atmosphere was such that offering amendments seemed pointless,” and that “I wouldn’t think of asking anybody to vote against the bill.”

The Senate Commerce Committee, that former redoubt of trucking senators, railroad senators, textile senators, and tobacco senators, became a regulator’s paradise. At confirmation hearings for a new FTC head, Frank Moss congratulated the agency for having “stretched its powers to provide a credible countervailing public force to the enormous economic and political power of huge corporate conglomerates which today dominate American enterprise. That is as it should be.” Then one of Moss’s conservative colleagues, Senator Ted Stevens, Republican of Alaska, asked the nominee to “become a real zealot in terms of consumer affairs,” tough enough that “these big businesspeople will complain.”

In 1971, Webster’s added the word consumerism to its Third New International Dictionary. A book called America, Inc.: Who Owns and Operates the United States? coauthored by the Washington Post’s consumer reporter and original Nader champion Morton Mintz rode the bestseller list for months. Children begged at bedtime to hear Dr. Seuss’s new book The Lorax, in which a pitiless capitalist “biggers” his business by harvesting every last Truffula tree, crying triumphantly, “Business is business and business must grow!” and leaving behind a barren hellscape. Gore Vidal published a cover article in Esquire touting Nader for president, and 78 percent of columnist Mike Royko’s readers who sent back a questionnaire he published said they wanted him as the Democrats’ presidential nominee. Another new independent regulatory agency, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, was born. Congress passed bills requiring childproof packaging for poisonous substances, killing federal subsidies for a supersonic transport plane, restricting lead in house paint, and establishing safety standards for recreational boats. Nixon signed them—not because he was a closet liberal, but because, as his aide Bryce Harlow, a former lobbyist for Procter & Gamble, delicately explained to the American Advertising Federation, though “President Nixon profoundly respects the critical contribution made by industry to the vitality and strength of the American economy, if this respect were to over-influence his actions, I am certain that the fall of 1972 would bring a new and hostile team to the White House.”

Nader had by then established a permanent presence in the capital, based in a decrepit mansion which had been slated for demolition in the down-market Dupont Circle neighborhood, where, amid a shambles of borrowed third-hand furniture and wooden fruit crates stuffed with books and files, staggeringly devoted young Ivy League–trained Nader’s Raiders institutionalized their hero’s agenda. The neighborhood was pocked with similar offices. Common Cause, Friends of the Earth, the Natural Resources Defense Council, Nader’s own Public Citizen, Environmental Action, the Center for Law and Social Policy, and the Consumer Federation of America were all established in 1969 or 1970. Nader started six new organizations in 1971 alone, including Public Citizen, a membership group that raised more than $1 million from sixty-two thousand donors in its first year.

That was another new pattern. Throughout the seventies, pundits cast their eye on declining election turnout and agonized over voter apathy. But apathy at the polls did not extend to joining consumer and environmental organizations, whose memberships exploded, thanks in part to the same computer-based direct mail technology that Richard Viguerie employed. Nearly one hundred thousand households contributed at least $70 to not one, not two, but three progressive membership groups. Major foundations pitched in, too. Thanks to the shower of cash—and because most new consumer and environmental laws awarded attorneys’ fees to plaintiffs who sued to enforce them—lawsuits against corporations increased exponentially.

George McGovern considered Nader as his running mate. (He replied, “I’m an advocate for justice and that doesn’t mix with the needs of politics.”) Nixon vetoed the 1972 Clean Water Act, for its “staggering, budget-wrecking” $24 billion cost—but his veto was overridden with considerable Republican votes. In October, he signed a law establishing the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the third new regulatory agency in three years.

Then, however, following his landslide reelection, he proposed a radical right-wing budget that Newsweek described as “one of the most significant American political documents since the dawning of the New Deal,” intended to “pull the government back from the proliferating social concerns of the years from Franklin Roosevelt to Lyndon Johnson.” Thanks to Watergate, he never got the chance. Senator Sam Ervin’s televised hearings had reverberated with accounts of briefcases full of corporate cash laundered through the Mexican subsidiaries of blue-chip firms like American Airlines, Goodyear, and 3M. In the midst of it came the first energy crisis, which a majority of Americans—and some senators—believed the big energy companies had cooked up to line their pockets. Pollster Daniel Yankelovich found that 70 percent of Americans believed big business controlled government through illegal bribes. And that was before spectacular revelations, following Nixon’s resignation, that the same slush funds companies maintained to bribe Nixon were also used to pay off foreign officials. The Securities and Exchange Commission’s chief of enforcement was gobsmacked. “Until two or three years ago,” he said, “I genuinely thought the conduct of business… was generally rising. But what can you say about the revelations of the last couple or three years?”

Under President Ford, government checks on corporate power expanded yet further. One of the first laws he signed was the Employment Retirement Income Security Act, or ERISA, which strictly enforced the pension promises companies made to their employees, placing thousands of company’s books under federal scrutiny for the first time. In 1975 he signed the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, a landmark law demanding that every American car manufacturer achieve a “Corporate Average Fuel Economy,” or CAFE, of eighteen miles per gallon by the 1978 model year. That meant every manufacturer had to redesign every car on the drawing boards. An automotive think tank estimated that it would cost manufacturers $60 billion to $80 billion, virtually their entire store of capital assets, and made the companies fear for their very survival. A group of automotive lobbyists approached the chief of staff of Edmund Muskie’s environmental subcommittee, Leon Billings, with a memo suggesting some ideas on the bill. Billings fashioned a paper airplane out of the document and sailed it straight over their heads.

This passage made me change my mind about Richard Nixon.

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from Inside Climate News:

Eight years ago, Whatcom County, on the northwest coast of Washington State, seemed destined to become the gateway through which North America’s expanding fossil fuel industry would connect with the hungry energy markets of Asia.

The BP and Phillips 66 refineries in Ferndale, Washington—about 100 miles north of Seattle—were building new receiving facilities for oil trains to deliver crude from the Bakken shale fields of North Dakota. Tar sands oil from Canada also was coming in, with plans looming to expand pipeline capacity. And, most significantly, the nation’s largest coal export terminal was set to be built just to the south in Bellingham, expected to unload 15 coal trains weekly that would rumble into the county from Wyoming’s Powder River Basin.

But the massive coal proposal would prove to be the undoing of the vision of Whatcom County as a fossil fuel export mecca. The plan produced a ferocious backlash, killing the project in 2016 and sparking a local political upheaval that culminated on Tuesday night.

At its weekly meeting, the Whatcom County Council voted to approve an overhaul of local land-use policies, allowing existing refineries to expand but prohibiting new refineries, transshipment facilities, coal plants, piers or wharfs in its coastal industrial zone. The new rules also require a public review of the environmental impact of any significant expansion at existing refineries and other facilities, including any increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The moves were spearheaded by council members who had won their seats since 2013, and were driven to get into local politics by the coal terminal controversy. Environmental advocates, who worked for a decade to defeat plans for more carbon-polluting industry on the northwest coast, say it is the first time a local government in the United States has utilized land use law to impose such a broad, permanent ban on fossil fuel development.

[allthecanadianpolitics]

The Tyee has signed on with more than 60 media outlets to be part of Covering Climate Now, an international journalism initiative co-founded by The Nation and Columbia Journalism Review.

The project aims to show what’s possible when the threat posed by greenhouse gas emissions is covered with the urgency and context it deserves. After all, just the fate of human civilization may be stake.

That’s a call Sean Holman made here in May, with his open letter to Canada’s big media organizations laying out a “five-point plan for mainstream media to cover fewer royal babies and more of our unfolding catastrophe.”

Holman’s piece garnered wide attention.

It also was applauded by two of the journalists driving the Covering Climate Now initiative, Mark Hertsgaard, The Nation’s environmental correspondent, and Columbia Journalism Review editor and publisher Kyle Pope.

Hertsgaard and Pope have written “We see Covering Climate Now as a fulfilment of journalism’s most sacred responsibilities, which are to inform people and foster constructive debate about common challenges and opportunities.”

As a member of Covering Climate Now, The Tyee joins TV networks including CBS News and major newspapers ranging from the Seattle Times and Philadelphia Inquirer to the biggest in Japan and Italy, Asahi Shimbun and La Repubblica. Other members include Nature, Scientific American, InsideClimate News, Harvard Business Review, HuffPost, Vox, the Intercept, Slate and the Texas Observer. In Canada, The Tyee is joined by Maclean’s magazine.

Continue Reading.

Tagging: @ontarionewsnow @abpoli @torontopoli @politicsofcanada

[dustedmagazine]

Listed: C Joynes

Cambridge, UK guitarist C Joynes is conversant with English folk tunes, North and West African music, the European classical tradition and its mutant minimalist offshoot, and various improvisational folkways. Better yet, Joynes has a gift for organically incorporating his various influences into beguiling and haunting melodies. He has released seven albums to date, and his most recent, The Borametz Tree, was released on Thread Recordings in the UK and Feeding Tube Records in the US. The Borametz Tree was recorded with The Furlong Bray, an ad hoc band comprising members of experimental folk ensemble Dead Rat Orchestra, plus electroacoustic composer Cam Deas and fellow guitarist and multi-instrumentalist Nick Jonah Davis. Isaac Olson, in his review, called it, “a wholly convincing invisible city and utopian alternative musical history of the world, something warm and joyful out of the long ages.”

Joynes lists down a handful of the elements that have contributed to this multi-layered project.

Ali Farka Toure—Ali Toure Farka

In some ways, the alpha and omega of guitar music. Hard to choose one album but anything from his earliest recordings, released on Radio Mali or on the ‘red’ and ‘green’ albums, is going to be pretty much essential. However, I’ve dropped this one in here for its gentler, rolling, slightly distant feel.

Jorge Luis Borges—Collected Fictions

Borges’ short stories are among the most concise, densely-written and downright entertaining literature ever written, with each one opening up an infinite field of possible realities through a hotchpotch of fantasy, mythology, fake academia, ethno-forgery, philosophical murder mysteries and shaggy-dog stories. Basically, a how-to manual for growing your own worlds.

Violeta Parra—Composiciones Para Guitarra

Violeta Parra was a songwriter, folklorist, poet and political activist from Chile, whose recordings were first introduced to me few years ago by the film-maker Harry Wheeler. Right from the outset, I was struck by her unique and idiosyncratic compositions for solo guitar, which are still pretty much unlike anything else I’ve heard before or since.

Edward W. Said—Orientalism (1978)

Pretty much the ur-text for starting to think about the ways in which Western cultures have regarded others in relation to themselves, and the implications that holds for how we now interact with or absorb music, art and literature from other parts of the world. Sounds like a daunting topic, but it’s hugely readable and kind of essential for anyone interested in engaging with the world at large.

Sun City Girls—330,003 Crossdressers from Beyond the Rig Veda

The secret history of the Sun City Girls as underground legends, fourth-world pioneers, ethnomusical experimentalists, performance artists, post-modern pranksters, X-ray bullshit detectors and anti-everything provocateurs is now pretty well documented across the internet. I don’t get on with everything they do and some of it makes me downright uncomfortable, but that’s probably at least one objective for their activities—to challenge and confound. There may be something for everyone, but there’s no-one for everything... However, if I can choose one record that captures all that is best about the possibilities they offer, then it would be this sprawling unwieldy fragmentary world-gobbling collection.

Various—Gamelan of Java Vol 1: Kraton Kasunanan (Lyrichord 7456)

Listen here

Of the many many recordings of traditional Gamelan that are available, the best seem to blur the boundaries between musical performance, live event, environmental recording and sound art. Of all recordings of Gamelan that I’ve heard, this particular one is a long-standing favorite.

Edwin Prevost—No Sound Is Innocent (1995)

Entertaining, opinionated and provocative collection of essays from Eddie Prevost, founder member of pioneering improvising group AMM among other things. His basic thesis is that, rather being ‘above politics’, any musical sound that we listen to—whether in performance or on record—is loaded with pre-conceived messages and cultural assumptions. This book is not written to be agreed with, but it is good at encouraging you to think again about what you listen to and why you do so…

Eritrean Wedding Music

I was lucky enough to work in Eritrea for a few years on and off and spent a lot of time at weekends wandering around Asmara looking for weddings to invite myself into. Most social music seems to involve a perfect and minimal assemblage of traditional and modern elements: here we’ve got a distorted drum machine, the electrified Krar, a mutual partnership between audience and performer, extended durations and that loping driving beat.

Punk Ethnography: Artists and Scholars listen to Sublime Frequencies—eds. Michael E. Veal & E. Tammy Kim (2016)

Tying back to Sun City Girls, this book is a scrappy collection of academic essays and interviews exploring Seattle-based record label Sublime Frequencies, founded in 2003 by Alan and Richard Bishop of Sun City Girls along with filmmaker Hisham Mayet, and famous for releasing high-quality collections of ‘unknown’ music from around the world. A big debate about whether modern labels and download sites works to liberate global music from studious academia and worthy ‘World Music’ tags, or whether their approach is only serving up cultural stereotypes for a Western post-punk hipster audience. Some of the pieces are a bit dry, but there’s a lot of chippy to-and-fro between the academics and the musicians over issues like cultural appropriation and intellectual property. It’s also kind of entertaining how personally everyone seems to start taking it...

Omar Khorshid

Omar Khorshid was an Egyptian guitarist and film star who recorded a bunch of stuff in the ‘70s, and was hugely popular in Egypt, Lebanon and Turkey. Most of his recordings have got this super-modern maximalist approach to production, using loads of effects, synths and electronic sounds—I guess you could draw some parallels with the experimental dub producers from around the same time. While rooted in traditional instrumental music, the results are unashamedly exotic and sound like a technicolour sci-fi surf music.

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

Pretty much any footage from Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and his ensemble seems to work as a testament for the extraordinary heights that group improvisation can reach. Here you can read the exchanges between the vocalists and the instrumentalists as a kind of benign ecstatic duelling, each goading the other on to greater levels.

Michael Denning—Noise Uprising: The Audiopolitics of a World Musical Revolution (2016)

This great book maps out the hidden history of global popular music, based on recording sessions made in the 1920s by major labels around the world. These sessions first captured on record many previously undocumented forms of popular music—jazz, samba, rebetika, flamenco, kroncong - as distinct from traditional or classical music. The recordings were then circulated around the world via shipping routes, leading to new hybrid forms of music and explaining, for example, the popularity of country music in West Africa or the presence of Hawaiian guitar in Bollywood film music. A great book for restoring faith in the natural process of musical exchange and cross-fertilisation.

[moonmanager]

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