#Eniautos
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Detail of Apulian red-figure loutrophoros with Zeus and Aphrodite (left) and Eniautos and Eleusis (right). Attributed to the Painter of Louvre MNB 1148. Greek, Classical Period, c. 330 B.C. In the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum.
Description from the Getty:
To the right sits Eleusis, the personification of the Greek town that was home to the Eleusinian Mysteries, an annual festival that promised its initiates good harvests and a happy afterlife. She is accompanied by a young boy bearing a cornucopia full of wheat. Conveying the idea of agricultural fertility and so an appropriate companion for Eleusis, he is named as Eniautos, the personification of the Year.
#detail#vase painting#terracotta#loutrophoros#red-figure#ancient art#Greek#Apulia#Classical Period#Getty Museum#J. Paul Getty Museum#Eleusis#Eniautos#Eleusinian Mysteries
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hey! i've been reading about the judges of the dead and i've seen triptolemos be mentioned as the judge presiding over the initiates of the mysteries but i'm having trouble finding sources. do you know if he was officially considered a judge or not? thanks!
Hi! As far as I know, the only mention of Triptolemus being a judge comes from Plato, in Apology 41a:
|41a If, when someone arrives in the world of Hādēs, he is freed from those who call themselves jurors [dikastai] here, and finds the true [alētheîs] judges [dikastai] who are said to give judgment [dikazein] over there [ekeî]—Minos and Rhadamanthus and Aiakos and Triptolemos, and other demigods [hēmi-theoi] who were righteous [dikaioi] in their own life—that would not be a bad journey [apo-dēmiā], now would it? To make contact with Orpheus and Musaeus and Hesiod and Homer—who of you would not welcome such a great opportunity? Why, if these things are true [alēthē], let me die again and again.
Dr. Patrick Hunt has an article published here on the passage that might be relevant to your research as well.
More generally on the topic, Jan N. Bremmer says this in Initiation into the Mysteries of the Ancient World (go grab it, it's in open access):
The connection of Eleusis with agriculture is also manifest in the equally prominent position in Eleusis of Triptolemos, the inventor of agriculture, who only in the fourth century becomes a judge in the underworld, and by the presence on a fourth-century Apulian vase of personified Eleusis sitting next to Eniautos, ‘(The products of the) Year’, holding a horn of plenty that sprouts ears of wheat.
Which is an interesting comment because it also lines up with a change in his cult in Athens at the same period, as indicated by Isabelle K. Raubitschek and Antony E. Raubitschek in The Mission of Triptolemos:
The transformation of Triptolemos from an instructor of the Athenian farmers in the art of agriculture into a hero, charged by Demeter to spread the knowledge of farming throughout the world, took place, according to the vases illustrating this mission, between 510 and 480 B.C., when renewed activity is attested both in Eleusis and in the Eleusinion in Athens. This propaganda effort with its emphasis on the Mission of Triptolemos beyond the borders of Attica may be connected with the claims of the newly founded Athenian democracy to be the mother city of all the Ionians.
Which leads to comment on the difficulty of officiality in ancient Greek religion. There is no direct mention of Triptolemus as a judge outside of Plato in the sources we know of that I could find, but his story otherwise predates the 5th century by far. Everything here seems to indicate a shift in worship that attributed this new role to him in Athenian context. And from that point on, it's possible that the idea of him as a judge spread across Greece through the cultural impact of Athens.
To add to uncertainty, we do not know enough of the specifics of his cult within the Eleusinian Mysteries to know if there was an evolution in his role during the mysteries themselves.
Before I wrap this up, just a headsup that the most important study (to date) on Triptolemus was written by Gerda Schwarz in 1987. It was never translated from German and I couldn't find a copy online but I noticed that the German Wikipedia page is more detailed as a result of that work being in the bibliography.
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Il tempo nella filosofia della Grecia antica: Chronos e Kairos
Nella filosofia greca antica, il concetto di tempo è complesso e sfaccettato, rappresentato attraverso diversi termini: Chronos, Kairos, Aion e Eniautos. Questi termini non solo descrivono il tempo in modi distinti, ma riflettono anche le diverse esperienze e percezioni umane. Chronos Chronos (χρόνος) rappresenta il tempo cronologico, misurabile e sequenziale. È il tempo che scorre in modo…
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Genesis 1:28: "Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
=10396, אאֶפֶסגטו, apesgeto:
ap=The masculine noun עפעף ('ap'ap), meaning eyelid, to watch, to grasp, like the hand grasps, so can the eye grasp reality
es=The common Semitic masculine noun עץ ('es), primarily meaning tree, the way one tree fits into a collective of other trees, and how they can all be used as timber to creating logdings and furniture or idols and instruments of execution like the Cross.
geto=The feminine noun γη (ge) means earth (hence our English prefix "geo-") but predominantly as fertile and producing ground. In translations our noun may be interpreted as earth, land or ground but always with the underlying idea of being fertile and bringing forth.
add to =
The curious noun ενιαυτος (eniautos) also means year, or more precise: anniversary (a word that comes from the Latin word for year, namely annus, plus the verb verto, to turn or return). Our noun combines the common preposition εν (en), meaning in, at, on, with the familiar pronoun αυτος (autos), meaning self.
In the classics this noun is often used as synonym of ετος (etos), meaning year (see above), but because it doesn't actually speak of any particular length of time, merely the fact that we've gone full circle, it also became used to signify a return or completion of much greater cycles (up to 600 years).
="Watch and learn how humanity evolves. Observe how it grasps reality and releases hold, watch how it fertilizes itself and what it brings forth."
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agnoema
G51. agnoema, ag-no’-ay-mah from agnoeo; a thing ignored, i.e. shortcoming:–error. TERM BIBLE SEARCH Heb 9:7 But |de| into |eis| the second |deuteros| went the high priest |archiereus| alone |monos| once |hapax| every year |eniautos|, not |ou| without |choris| blood |haima|, which |hos| he offered |prosphero| for |huper| himself |heautou|, and |kai| for the errors |agnoema| of the people…
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"Il concetto di Kairicità nella filosofia greca antica" di Apostolos Apostolou
“Il concetto di Kairicità nella filosofia greca antica” di Apostolos Apostolou
Nella filosofia greca antica ci sono quattro parole per indicare il tempo: χρόνος (chronos), καιρός (kairos), αἰών (Aion) e ἐνιαυτός (Eniautos). Nella Fisica, Aristotele definisce il tempo come “il numero del movimento. secondo il prima e il poi”. (Fisica 219b) Il tempo è, per Aristotele, “il numerato e il numerabile”. Anche secondo Aristotele il tempo è pieno dagli “adesso” che si susseguono…
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The Greek noun “ἐνιαυτός”
Found just over a dozen times in the New Testament, the Greek noun “”eniautos” meant “year.” This word can describe a year, a long but less specific period of time, or depict a Messianic time frame. Luke (4:19) spoke about the “acceptable year” of the Lord. Caiaphas was high priest “that same year” (Jn. 11:49, […] https://www.bumchecks.com/biblecommentary/2019/05/29/the-greek-noun-%e1%bc%90%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%85%cf%84%cf%8c%cf%82/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr
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Museo J. Paul Getty. Título: Loutrophoros de figuras rojas Artista / Hacedor: Atribuido al pintor del Louvre MNB 1148 (griego (Apulia), activo 350 - 330 a.C.) Cultura: Griego (sur de Italia, Apulia) Lugar: Apulia, sur de Italia (Lugar creado) Fecha: alrededor de 330 a.C. Medio: Terracota Número de objeto: 86.AE.680 Dimensiones: 90,2 × 26 cm
Con escenas elaboradas en ambos lados, este loutrophoros o jarrón ritual es característico de la obra de los pintores de vasos en el sur de Italia alrededor de 330 a.C. La composición multinivel de un lado muestra momentos sucesivos en uno de los muchos amores de Zeus. En la parte inferior, el rey de los dioses toma la forma de un cisne para seducir a Leda, reina de Esparta. Hypnos, la personificación dell Sueño, se encuentra a la derecha para prestar asistencia. Arriba, Zeus se encuentra con Afrodita, la diosa del amor, supuestamente alistar su ayuda. La diosa acuna un pequeño Eros en su brazo y sostiene un iynx, un amuleto en forma de rueda que se usaba para atraer a un amante. Astrape, la personificación del rayo y el rayo se encuentra en la parte superior izquierda, mientras que las figuras llamadas Eniautos y Eleusis miran desde la derecha. Como es típico de los vasos monumentales de Apulia, el reverso tiene una composición más simple. Una mujer se encuentra con una bola de lana en un naiskos, un pequeño edificio abierto, rodeado de asistentes.
Comenzando en el 600 a.C., los griegos colonizaron partes del sur de Italia y Sicilia. Desde aproximadamente 450 a.C., estos colonos comenzaron a producir su propia cerámica fina, decorada, que eclipsó las mercancías atenienses importadas en los años 300 a.C. Esta cerámica, conocida como sur de Italia, surgió de formas, estilo y tema ateniense, pero los colonos rápidamente desarrollaron sus propias variaciones, inventaron nuevas formas, encontraron sus propios estilos y representaron temas que no se encuentran en el arte griego. Los eruditos dividen la cerámica del sur de Italia en escuelas regionales de producción, la más grande de las cuales es Apulia.
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age
G33. age, ag’-eh imperative of ago; properly, lead, i.e. come on:–go to. TERM BIBLE SEARCH Jas 4:13 Go to |age| now |nun|, ye that say |lego|, To day |semeron| or |kai| to morrow |aurion| we will go |poreuomai| into |eis| such |hode| a city |polis|, and |kai| continue |poieo| |poieo| there |ekei| a |heis| year |eniautos|, and |kai| buy and sell |emporeuomai| |emporeuomai|, and |kai| get gain…
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