#Emcdda

[scienza-magia]

Sul dark web nuove e pericolose droghe sintetiche

Nuove sostanze psicoattive, cosa sono e quando diventano letali. Cannabinoidi sintetici, catinoni, oppioidi. Si contano più di 900 sostanze e l'elenco continua a crescere. Le nuove droghe sintetiche, conosciute anche come NPS, Novel Psychoactive Substances, costituiscono un fenomeno in continua espansione e una delle sfide più grandi per la salute pubblica. Si tratta di molecole create in laboratorio per riprodurre gli effetti di droghe tradizionali come cannabis, MDMA ed LSD, ma con strutture chimiche modificate. Alterazioni che consentono di aggirare le normative vigenti, poiché tali sostanze semplicemente non sono (ancora) catalogate tra quelle illegali. Nel corso degli ultimi anni sono state identificate oltre 900 NPS, distribuite sotto varie forme: polveri, liquidi, compresse e persino prodotti apparentemente innocui come sali da bagno o profumatori d’ambiente. L'escamotage legale sfruttato dai produttori consiste nell’introduzione di piccole variazioni chimiche che rendono queste sostanze non immediatamente riconducibili alle droghe già regolamentate. E fino a quando una sostanza non è vietata, tecnicamente, può circolare. tipi di NPS

Tra le NPS più diffuse, i cannabinoidi sintetici, che imitano gli effetti del THC ma con tossicità superiore, e i catinoni sintetici, simili per struttura alle anfetamine e alla cocaina. I primi si legano ai recettori del sistema endocannabinoide, provocando tachicardia, ipertensione e, nei casi più gravi, delirio o psicosi. I catinoni, invece, vengono commercializzati come “sali da bagno” e sono noti per effetti come agitazione estrema, comportamenti violenti e, in alcuni casi, convulsioni o morte. Altri gruppi di NPS includono oppioidi sintetici, spesso responsabili di overdose, fenetilammine, analoghi della ketamina e piperazine, ognuna con profili tossicologici specifici. Effetti ricercati Tra le NPS più diffuse, i cannabinoidi sintetici, che imitano gli effetti del THC ma con tossicità superiore, e i catinoni sintetici, simili per struttura alle anfetamine e alla cocaina. I primi si legano ai recettori del sistema endocannabinoide, provocando tachicardia, ipertensione e, nei casi più gravi, delirio o psicosi.

I catinoni, invece, vengono commercializzati come “sali da bagno” e sono noti per effetti come agitazione estrema, comportamenti violenti e, in alcuni casi, convulsioni o morte. Altri gruppi di NPS includono oppioidi sintetici, spesso responsabili di overdose, fenetilammine, analoghi della ketamina e piperazine, ognuna con profili tossicologici specifici. L'obiettivo primario di chi produce e consuma NPS è replicare, e se possibile amplificare, gli effetti delle droghe tradizionali. Si ricercano quindi stati di euforia, alterazioni della percezione sensoriale, allucinazioni, sensazioni di empatia o stimolazione. Tuttavia, a differenza delle droghe “classiche”, le NPS presentano una variabilità di effetti molto più ampia e imprevedibile, a causa delle continue modifiche chimiche e della mancanza di studi approfonditi sul loro impatto sull'organismo. Detta in parole povere: mentre conosciamo molto bene gli effetti delle sostanze psicoattive "tradizionali", non esistono studi su ogni nuovo NPS che viene immesso sul mercato. L'assenza di dati scientifici rende l'assunzione di NPS un vero e proprio salto nel buio. Chi le assume si espone a rischi enormi e imprevedibili, tra cui: - Effetti imprevisti e potenzialmente letali: la mancanza di studi rende impossibile prevedere con certezza gli effetti di una determinata NPS. Si possono verificare reazioni avverse inaspettate, come aritmie cardiache, convulsioni, insufficienza respiratoria, ictus, fino al decesso per overdose, anche con dosi minime. - Danni a lungo termine sconosciuti: non si conoscono gli effetti che l'assunzione ripetuta di NPS può avere sul cervello, sul sistema nervoso e su altri organi. Si ipotizzano danni cognitivi, disturbi psichiatrici, problemi cardiovascolari, ma mancano prove concrete a causa della novità di queste sostanze. - Interazioni pericolose con altre sostanze: l'assunzione contemporanea di NPS con alcol, farmaci o altre droghe può dar luogo a interazioni imprevedibili e potenzialmente molto pericolose per la salute. - Difficoltà di intervento medico: in caso di intossicazione da NPS, i medici si trovano spesso in difficoltà a causa della mancanza di informazioni specifiche sulla sostanza assunta. Questo rende più difficile la diagnosi e il trattamento, aumentando il rischio di complicanze.      il problema della poliassunzione di sostanze psicoattive A questo si aggiunge un ulteriore fattore di rischio, che è rappresentato dalla poliassunzione, ovvero l'uso combinato di diverse sostanze, incluse le NPS. Una pratica che aumenta esponenzialmente i rischi per la salute, con effetti sinergici che possono amplificare la tossicità e portare a overdose fatali. Ecco perché l'Unione Europea ha implementato il sistema di allarme rapido (EU Early Warning System) per monitorare e contrastare la diffusione delle NPS. Si tratta di uno strumento che consente di identificare tempestivamente nuove sostanze e valutare i rischi sanitari e sociali associati. Inoltre, la Commissione Europea ha introdotto strategie di contrasto nei Piani di Azione 2013-2020 e sta lavorando per accelerare il processo di regolamentazione delle nuove sostanze, in collaborazione con l’Osservatorio europeo delle droghe e delle tossicodipendenze (EMCDDA). A livello nazionale, sono stati potenziati i sistemi di allerta precoce e le normative per includere rapidamente queste sostanze nelle tabelle ministeriali degli stupefacenti. Read the full article

[mariacallous]

The synthetic opioid fentanyl was first synthesized in Belgium around 1960. With effects similar to those of morphine but a potency 100 times higher, it became widely used in surgeries and the treatment of chronic painful diseases. Meanwhile in the United States, unregulated and unprescribed fentanyl became a highly addictive and dangerous illegal drug—one that is 50 times stronger than heroin, with even a 2 milligram dose proving to be lethal to most people. But drug policy experts and government officials agree that there has not been a fentanyl crisis in Europe, its place of origin—at least, not until now.

In 2022, more than 70,000 people died in the U.S. of synthetic drug overdose, according to estimates made by the country’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. By contrast, in Europe, the latest data from the European Union’s drug monitoring agency shows that 137 people died of drugs of fentanyl’s ilk in 2021, with most of those deaths coming from diverted fentanyl medicines rather than illicitly manufactured substances. Last year, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency reported that it seized more than 79.5 million fentanyl-laced fake pills and nearly 12,000 pounds of fentanyl powder. Such confiscations in Europe, although rising recently, have been sporadic.

But European governments are increasingly fretting that fentanyl and similar synthetic opioids may grip the continent and plunge it into a U.S.-style crisis. Late last year, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken told his European counterparts that they either have an undiscovered problem with fentanyl or may have one soon. And scattered signs that the lethal drugs may be starting to spread into the continent are now prompting governments to act.

There are several reasons for the rising fears about fentanyl in Europe. The European Union estimates that most of the roughly 1 million European consumers of illicit opioids use heroin. So far, almost all of that supply has come from Afghanistan. But beginning in April 2022, the Taliban banned “poppy cultivation and all types of narcotics,” and as a result, the area where poppy flowers—from which opium is produced—are grown in the country shrank by 95 percent last year, according to a November 2023 report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. This has drastically reduced the supply of quality heroin coming out of last year’s harvest.

Facing the shortage, criminal groups are expected to either start supplying heroin mixed with other synthetic opioids such as fentanyl to increase its strength, or to replace it altogether with fentanyl.

“The experience in North America with fentanyl overtaking heroin in major drug markets is illustrative of how a cheaper and readily available synthetic opioid can easily displace heroin,” wrote researchers in the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime report.

European authorities are already seeing signs that organized crime groups are eyeing the trade of these opioids in Europe. The Italian secret services found that the powerful Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta mafia, which has been flooding Europe with cocaine over the past decades, is testing the fentanyl market in the continent, senior Italian government official Alfredo Mantovano said in March.

Another major concern is that Europe has an existing lab capacity to produce synthetic drugs on its soil. Europol, the European Union’s police agency, said this month that synthetic drug production and trafficking has expanded from mainly Belgium and the Netherlands to Eastern Europe, including Ukraine. In 2021, European authorities dismantled 434 laboratories producing illicit synthetic drugs, according to the latest data published by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Officials conclude that if criminals wanted to produce fentanyl in Europe, they would have the capacity to do it—and, consequently, to trigger a crisis very quickly.

“To be frank, I don’t see how we can avoid it in Europe. I don’t see why criminal networks would avoid selling fentanyl in Europe. The question for me is not if it’s going to touch Europe; it’s when and how big the wave or the hurricane will be. European governments are fully aware of it,” said Pierre Lapaque, a board member of the International Narcotics Control Board, in an interview with Foreign Policy.

The European effort to prevent a potential outbreak of addiction to these drugs has happened on two levels. On the one hand, the continent is reinforcing and adapting its fight against producers and traffickers, including precursors (the substances used as ingredients in drugs). On the other, it is preparing on the health care front to prevent overdose deaths.

One key measure has been the creation of a new drug agency for the bloc, turning the EMCDDA into a full-fledged agency called the European Union Drugs Agency. This new EU-wide body, which becomes operational in July, will carry out health and security assessments on synthetic drugs, closely monitoring any developments across the bloc and helping with the adoption of countermeasures. The new agency will also monitor drug precursors and set up a network of laboratories to identify new substances and define possible trends in the synthetic drug market.

The European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, also plans to speed up and broaden the way that drug precursors are scheduled in order to prevent criminal networks from finding new ways to get the chemical substances needed to produce illicit drugs. It is also seeking to improve checks at European ports. To this end, it has earmarked more than 200 million euros (about $214 million) to fund modern kits for scanning containers for hidden drugs or precursors.

“We are seeing what is happening in the U.S., and we are monitoring any development in the EU to make sure we can anticipate and disrupt any production or trafficking activities of these drugs,” said Claire Georges, Europol’s deputy spokeswoman. The EU police agency is working with the United States to get a better intelligence picture of which criminal groups may be involved.

“Those are the right responses,” said Vanda Felbab-Brown, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. “This is in striking contrast with what, until several months ago, was the attitude of many European drug policy experts, who would often say ‘Look, we are not going to have a fentanyl problem because we didn’t have the same initiation through pharmaceutical opioids.’ I was always very uncomfortable with that answer.”

The EU is also seeking to boost cooperation with China, a major producer of fentanyl and its precursors. Chinese representatives held talks in Brussels on April 23 on illegal drug production as well as the diversion and trafficking of precursors and other chemical substances needed to manufacture synthetic drugs.

Collaboration with China is crucial for both the United States and Europe. A 64-page report issued in mid-April by the U.S. House of Representatives’ select committee on China defined the country as “the ultimate geographic source of the fentanyl crisis.” The committee has further argued that China encourages the manufacturing and export of illicit fentanyl chemicals and other narcotics through tax rebates and holds ownership interest in local companies tied to drug trafficking. Additionally, its security services have failed to cooperate with the United States when law enforcement officials requested assistance, according to the report.

European countries are also taking measures at the national level. For instance, Italy has started to monitor the import and export flows of medicines containing fentanyl and the chemical precursors of synthetic drugs, as well as the retail market—including on the web—as part of a national plan against the deadly drug that Rome unveiled last month. At the same time, it plans to equip police officers with portable mass spectrometers to spot synthetic drugs and precursors, both during custom checks and while patrolling the streets.

The Italian Ministry of Health has instructed hospitals and pharmacies to strengthen the protection measures against the theft of fentanyl and similar opioids. It also instructed doctors assisting patients displaying a range of specific symptoms—such as respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo—to consider that they could be intoxicated by fentanyl and could be treated with naloxone, which is an opioid antagonist, or other medicines that can rapidly reverse an opioid overdose. Naloxone will also be provided to the police, who may need it as first responders facing an overdose or after inadvertently inhaling fentanyl during investigations. All ambulances will also be required to carry the medication.

In Spain, where there have been a few instances of drug dealers found with small amounts of fentanyl, some regional authorities are training drug users and emergency personnel on overdose reversal. The national government is also working to speed up the existing warning system on drugs by expanding free drug-checking programs across the country and the testing of wastewater to detect anomalies related to opioids, Joan Villabí, the official in charge of drugs and addiction at the Spanish Health Ministry, told Foreign Policy.

“We are monitoring in a very systematic way. When heroin hit Spain in the late 1970s, we were completely unprepared. It was a disaster,” Villabí said.

Universal medical care may have also protected Europe from a U.S.-style fentanyl crisis. In the United States, many people addicted to fentanyl began with prescription opioids, got hooked, and then when their prescriptions ran out, turned to the illegal market, where criminal rings provided them with the drug.

In the European Union, however, regulated and publicly funded health care systems have maintained a more limited access to prescription opioids, says Esther Gramage, a lecturer at the CEU San Pablo University in Madrid. The access to other procedures to alleviate pain also may have helped keep European patients away from painkillers. But there are growing reasons to fear that public health care won’t be sufficient to shield Europe.

[renatoferreiradasilva]

Arte, Infraestrutura e Elite Econômica: Uma Análise das Novas Interfaces do Crime Financeiro Transnacional

Artigo dedicado a João Doria, um líder com sensibilidade às artes.

Resumo

Este artigo investiga como setores econômicos legítimos — como o mercado de arte, as concessões de infraestrutura e as redes empresariais transnacionais — vêm sendo progressivamente instrumentalizados por redes criminosas financeiras. Com base em dados da FATF, UNODC, OCDE e CGU-Brasil, demonstramos como a combinação de opacidade regulatória e arbitragem institucional contribui para a lavagem sistêmica de capitais, estimada entre 2% e 5% do PIB global. Ao final, propomos um modelo de governança intersetorial ancorado nas diretrizes do GAFI e da Convenção de Mérida.

1. Introdução: A Economia Política do Ilícito

O crime financeiro contemporâneo abandonou estruturas exclusivamente clandestinas para infiltrar-se em sistemas formais, sofisticados e juridicamente blindados. Essa transição foi facilitada por três dinâmicas complementares: lacunas normativas em setores de valoração subjetiva (como o mercado de arte), fragilidades contratuais e regulatórias em concessões de infraestrutura crítica, e redes empresariais transnacionais estruturadas para escapar da vigilância fiscal por meio de arbitragem jurisdicional. Estimativas da UNODC (2023) indicam que entre 800 bilhões e 2 trilhões de dólares são lavados anualmente, a maioria por rotas financeiras legalmente constituídas.

2. Mecanismos de Lavagem em Setores Estratégicos

2.1. Mercado de Arte: A Economia da Opacidade

O mercado de arte é reconhecidamente vulnerável à lavagem de dinheiro devido à subjetividade de preços, ausência de registros centralizados e escassa fiscalização das transações. Dados da FATF (2023) apontam que mais de dois terços das jurisdições globais não contam com qualquer regime de prevenção à lavagem de dinheiro específico para o setor artístico. Transações milionárias podem ser realizadas em espécie, por meio de freeports ou via plataformas online, sem rastreamento eficiente.

Essas práticas são potencializadas por mecanismos como o superfaturamento de obras, uso de doações institucionais para obtenção de isenções fiscais, e movimentações interestaduais sem declaração oficial. O mercado de leilões, especialmente em zonas francas como Genebra e Singapura, permite multiplicação de valores de até 300% em dois anos, sem justificativa econômica substancial. Ainda que não seja um setor de massa, a arte representa um elo crucial da elite financeira global e opera como símbolo de legitimidade reputacional.

2.2. Infraestrutura Crítica: A Logística da Captura

O setor de infraestrutura — especialmente portos e rodovias — oferece caminhos logísticos ideais para o tráfico internacional de drogas, armas e pessoas. Estudos da EMCDDA (2023) demonstram que quase 40% das apreensões de cocaína na União Europeia ocorreram em terminais privatizados com auditoria regulatória precária. A estrutura típica de concessões em economias emergentes frequentemente concentra poder decisório em entes privados, cujos beneficiários finais permanecem ocultos.

Na prática, isso cria um circuito de risco: empresas concessionárias controlam operações em zonas aduaneiras com fiscalização limitada, permitindo infiltração de cargas ilícitas. A lavagem ocorre na outra ponta, por meio de faturamento artificial em contratos de manutenção, fornecimento ou publicidade. A falta de due diligence nos editais públicos torna o sistema vulnerável à captura institucional.

3. Redes Empresariais Transnacionais: Arquitetura e Ambiguidade

As redes empresariais globais operam como infraestruturas normativas de dupla face: enquanto promovem integração econômica e investimento, também possibilitam ocultação patrimonial, evasão fiscal e proteção reputacional a fluxos ilícitos. Três mecanismos principais destacam-se:

Primeiro, há o uso de eventos corporativos — fóruns, congressos, câmaras binacionais — como espaço de legitimação simbólica e aproximação entre atores públicos e privados, o que dificulta a distinção entre lobbying legal e tráfico de influência. Estimativas da FATF indicam que 12% dos esquemas de lavagem identificados entre 2018 e 2023 utilizaram esse tipo de evento como plataforma de blindagem reputacional.

Segundo, observa-se a utilização intensiva de estruturas jurídicas como trusts, fundações e holdings em paraísos fiscais. A Tax Justice Network (2024) aponta que aproximadamente três quartos dos fluxos financeiros ilícitos passam por estruturas offshore baseadas em países como Panamá, Ilhas Cayman e Emirados Árabes.

Por fim, a arbitragem regulatória permite que empresas estabeleçam sede em jurisdições como Delaware (EUA), onde normas de transparência fiscal são inexistentes ou opcionais. Essa fragmentação impede a efetividade dos sistemas de troca automática de informações, como o CRS ou o FATCA, tornando a fiscalização internacional ineficaz.

4. Riscos Sistêmicos em Economias Emergentes

Em países de renda média, especialmente na América Latina, esses riscos são amplificados por três fatores estruturais. O primeiro é a baixa capacidade institucional, mensurada pelo Banco Mundial como uma média inferior a 45 pontos no índice de efetividade governamental. Isso compromete a vigilância de editais públicos, concessões e operações financeiras complexas.

O segundo fator é a sobreposição entre elites políticas e empresariais. Dados do TCU revelam que quase um terço dos ministros brasileiros entre 2000 e 2023 integraram conselhos ou comitês de empresas privadas, criando potenciais zonas de conflito de interesses.

O terceiro fator é o uso da cultura como elemento de legitimação de prestígio econômico. Programas de incentivo como a Lei Rouanet, ainda que relevantes, sofrem de déficits históricos de auditoria. A Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU) identificou falhas em mais de 75% dos projetos auditados nos últimos cinco anos, incluindo ausência de contrapartidas culturais, superfaturamento de materiais e beneficiários com vínculos cruzados com patrocinadores.

5. Proposta de Regulação Sistêmica

Para mitigar esses riscos, propomos um modelo normativo de ação integrada entre os setores analisados. No mercado de arte, a criação de um Cadastro Nacional de Obras vinculado à Receita Federal e ao Ministério da Cultura permitiria rastreabilidade e avaliação técnica dos preços, com base em normas internacionais como a Diretiva Europeia 2024/123.

No setor de infraestrutura, a inclusão obrigatória de cláusulas anticorrupção, due diligence dos beneficiários finais e auditoria de compliance em tempo real deve se tornar requisito em todas as concessões públicas, alinhado ao Guia da OCDE sobre concessões e ao novo marco do Banco Mundial.

Quanto às redes empresariais, propõe-se a adesão plena aos padrões do IFRS 10 (transparência sobre estruturas de controle), à Ação 13 do BEPS (OECD) e à publicização dos verdadeiros controladores (UBOs). Empresas com estrutura societária opaca seriam impedidas de participar de licitações públicas, de acordo com padrões semelhantes aos aplicados pela União Europeia.

Na frente internacional, a cooperação deve ser fortalecida via acordos de troca automática de dados (Art. 46 da Convenção de Mérida), com penalidades severas — como exclusão de contratos multilaterais — para países ou empresas que recusarem conformidade. O potencial de recuperação de ativos ilícitos em escala global é estimado em US$ 80 bilhões anuais, segundo a UNODC.

6. Conclusão: Para Além da Regulação Setorial

A análise das interseções entre arte, infraestrutura e redes empresariais revela que o crime financeiro contemporâneo opera em espaços de ambiguidade normativa e prestígio institucional. Romper com esse ciclo exige uma abordagem transetorial, tecnicamente robusta e politicamente independente.

É necessário integrar sistemas de avaliação, monitoramento e sanção capazes de cruzar dados entre ministérios da cultura, agências fiscais, bancos públicos e organismos internacionais. Mais do que reagir a escândalos, os Estados devem antecipar-se à formação de ecossistemas de lavagem sistêmica que se apresentam como setores de inovação, cultura ou investimento estratégico.

A convergência entre transparência fiscal, rastreabilidade cultural e integridade contratual será a chave para impedir que a economia da arte e da infraestrutura continue sendo o oxigênio invisível da criminalidade de elite.

Fontes principais: FATF (2023), UNODC (2023), OECD (2022–2024), EMCDDA (2023), World Bank (2023), Tax Justice Network (2024), CGU Brasil (2023), TCU (2024).

[voluntarilyclassyglyph]

City Spotlight: Outpatient Detox Success in Amalfi Published by the European Addiction Recovery Institute (EARI) June 2025

Outpatient Detox Outshines Inpatient: Survey Reveals 69% Long-Term Sobriety Rate in Amalfi

A recent research report from the European Addiction Recovery Institute (EARI) surveyed 1,102 individuals in various stages of addiction recovery from the scenic coastal city of Amalfi, Italy. The respondents included individuals who had maintained sobriety for over 90 days, those in early recovery, long-term recovery mentors, and healthcare professionals specializing in addiction treatment.

The results were striking: Outpatient detox programs achieved a sustained sobriety rate of 69% beyond the 90-day mark, compared to a 52% sobriety retention in traditional inpatient detox programs.

Why Did Outpatient Detox Perform Better?

When asked why outpatient detox worked better than inpatient, participants highlighted several factors:

Reduced stigma: “I didn’t feel isolated or judged. It was a medical treatment, not a punishment.”

Home environment integration: “Being able to stay home with my family made me feel like I was still part of my life.”

Focus on addiction as a disease: “The approach treated my addiction as an illness, not a moral failing.”

Access to treatment: “I didn’t have to go far; I could go home every night after treatment.”

Maintaining family duties: “I didn’t have to choose between being a parent and seeking help.”

Lower emotional stress: “Outpatient allowed me to focus on my recovery without the added stress of being away from my loved ones.”

A Voice from the Field

“Outpatient detox models are an effective and compassionate approach to recovery,” said Dr. Marco Ricci, Clinical Director at EARI. “Being able to stay in your home environment allows individuals to maintain a sense of normalcy, which significantly contributes to better long-term recovery outcomes.”

References

EARI Research Report – 2025. "Comparing Outpatient and Inpatient Detox Success in Amalfi."

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) – (2020). “Treatment Trends in Europe: A Shift Toward Outpatient Detoxification Models.”

SAMHSA – Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2021). “A Comparison of Detoxification Programs and Their Effectiveness.”

[jhonlock]

Research Chemicals Online: A Comprehensive Guide to Risks, Regulations, and Responsible Use

The internet has dramatically transformed how people access information, products, and services. Among the more controversial corners of the digital marketplace lies the trade in research chemicals. These synthetic compounds, often unregulated or only lightly controlled, are sold for scientific and experimental purposes—but their easy availability online has led to increasing concerns around safety, legality, and ethical responsibility.

This article explores the world of buying research chemicals online, shedding light on what these substances are, how the online market operates, the legal landscape, potential risks, and important considerations for those involved in research or curious about this field.

What Are Research Chemicals?

Research chemicals Online, sometimes referred to as designer drugs, legal highs, or RCs, are synthetic or semi-synthetic substances created for scientific study. They are often used to explore the effects of chemical compounds on biological systems. Some are analogs of known drugs but altered slightly at the molecular level to bypass legal restrictions or to create new effects.

The Online Marketplace for Research Chemicals

The internet has become a primary distribution channel for research chemicals. Websites dedicated to selling these compounds often advertise them as “not for human consumption” or “for laboratory use only.” This disclaimer is typically meant to avoid legal liability, though in practice, many buyers may have non-scientific intentions.

There are several types of online vendors:

Surface web vendors: Accessible via standard browsers and search engines, these sites may appear legitimate, often offering product purity guarantees, lab reports, and customer service.

Dark web marketplaces: These require special browsers like Tor and often facilitate anonymous transactions using cryptocurrencies. The dark web can be more unpredictable, with greater risks of scams or contaminated products.

Forums and social media groups: Online communities often share sourcing information, reviews of vendors, and user experiences—both positive and cautionary.

Legal and Regulatory Landscape

The legal status of research chemicals varies by country and is constantly evolving. Many RCs exist in legal gray areas until authorities take action to ban or schedule them.

United States: The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) and the Federal Analogue Act allow authorities to prosecute the sale or possession of chemicals that are “substantially similar” to controlled substances. However, this is subject to legal interpretation.

United Kingdom: The Psychoactive Substances Act (2016) broadly bans any substance that affects mental functioning or emotional state, unless specifically exempted (like alcohol or caffeine).

European Union: Member states have individual regulations, but many follow recommendations from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).

Asia and Australia: Countries like China and Australia have taken steps to regulate the manufacture and export of RCs more strictly in recent years.

Despite regulations, the international nature of online sales and the constant development of new compounds make enforcement challenging.

Risks of Buying Research Chemicals Online

While the internet provides convenience and accessibility, buying research chemicals online involves serious risks:

Purity and contamination: Products sold as “99% pure” may be contaminated with unknown or dangerous byproducts. Testing kits can help, but full-spectrum lab analysis is rarely done by end-users.

Mislabeled substances: There have been many reports of vendors selling one substance under the name of another, which can lead to unexpected effects or overdose.

Health risks: With little clinical testing, the short- and long-term effects of many RCs are unknown. Some have proven fatal even in small doses.

Legal consequences: Even if a substance isn’t explicitly banned, possession or importation could lead to arrest or prosecution under analogue or blanket laws.

Scams: Many online vendors, especially on less regulated platforms, take money without delivering any product or provide entirely different substances.

Harm Reduction and Safety Tips

For those involved in chemical research online, academic or otherwise, there are key practices to follow:

Do your homework: Before purchasing, research the chemical's structure, known effects, potential interactions, and legality in your country.

Verify vendors: Seek out reviews and third-party lab results. Reputable vendors are more likely to be discussed in forums like Reddit’s r/researchchemicals or specialized boards on Bluelight.

Start small: If conducting chemical research or bioassays under controlled environments, start with microdoses to gauge effects and reactions.

Use testing kits: Reagent testing can help identify some compounds, though it’s not foolproof. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) are more accurate but costly.

Avoid mixing substances: Combinations can lead to unpredictable or dangerous interactions, especially with depressants and stimulants.

Secure storage: Keep chemicals properly labeled, away from children and pets, and in conditions that prevent degradation.

Ethical and Scientific Considerations

The line between legitimate research and recreational use can be blurry in the online RC world. Ethical concerns arise when substances are used without sufficient understanding, or when companies exploit legal loopholes at the expense of public health.

For universities and research institutions, strict protocols exist for handling novel compounds. However, independent researchers or amateur chemists may lack the same infrastructure or oversight, increasing risks.

The scientific community emphasizes the need for transparency, safety, and accountability when dealing with unregulated substances. Researchers should document findings responsibly and share data to help improve collective knowledge and safety standards.

The Future of the Online RC Market

As laws tighten and public awareness grows, the research chemical market is likely to continue evolving. New analogs will replace banned substances, and both regulation and enforcement will attempt to keep pace.

Technological advancements in AI-driven molecule design and synthetic chemistry will likely fuel the development of new compounds. Meanwhile, governments may adopt broader legislation to curtail the spread of these substances online.

Ultimately, education and harm reduction may play a bigger role than prohibition alone. With accurate information and responsible practices, the dangers associated with RCs can be reduced without stifling legitimate scientific discovery.

Conclusion

Buying research chemicals online presents a paradox. On one hand, it democratizes access to tools for exploration and innovation. On the other, it opens the door to misuse, danger, and legal trouble. Navigating this space requires awareness, caution, and an unwavering commitment to safety and ethics. Whether you're a scientist, a student, or simply curious, knowledge is your most powerful safeguard.

[nursingwriter]

Drug Abuse: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) Drugs abound and they consist of legal and illegal drugs. There are legal drugs that become illegal as a result of abuse and sale without prescription. Other drugs though are manufactured strictly for illegal purposes and one of which is Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy). Developed in the early 1900s as an aid to psychiatric counseling though never used widely, Ecstasy came in vogues again in the club scene in the late 20th century and became even more popular in the early 2000s. Users prefer Ecstasy for the rapture and euphoria it provides; however, there are adverse side effects thereof as in any illicit drugs used. The paper deals with these side effects as well as the prevalence of the used of MDMA not only in the United States but Europe as well. Drug Abuse: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) Drugs and medicines have been developed in order to provide relief from various ailments and help combat dreaded disease. This has always been the premise of drug development throughout history. But like any other developments, there are the downside of the matter and with regards to drugs, abuse thereof has been prevalent. There are drugs developed legally and for health and medical reasons, and there are drugs developed also for illicit or illegal purposes. Some of the contemporary drugs developed illegally are what is known as "club drugs." As the name implies, these drugs are " used by teenagers and young adults at bars, nightclubs, concerts, and parties. Club drugs include GHB, Rohypnol, ketamine, and others. . (NIDA, 2010)" Majority of these drugs have been manufactured legally but then abused while there are those that are made solely for the purpose of being abused and one such drug is methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or more commonly known as the street name Ecstasy or XTC. The origin of Ecstasy dates back to the early 1900s and based on two literatures, the dates vary. In the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) website (2010), MDMA was reported to have "originally been developed in 1912 by the Merck chemical company, it was never marketed as Ecstasy then." In Campbell and Rosner's journal article (2008), the drug was "first synthesized in 1914 and originally developed as an appetite suppressant; however, the compound was never used for that purpose, and in the 1970s recreational drug use with MDMA was first note." No matter how Ecstasy has been developed for, its primary used at present is for recreational purposes. MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphet-amine) is a synthetic, psychoactive drug that is chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline. MDMA is a derivative of amphetamine and a member of the phenethylamine family. A number of homologous compounds with broadly similar effects (EMCDDA, 2010) have been formulated but did not get the same amount of popularity such compared to Ecstasy. Once ingested, MDMA produces feelings of increased energy, euphoria, emotional warmth, and distortions in time, perception, and tactile experiences. (NIDA, 2010) These effects are quite attractive to club users because of the enhanced effect Ecstasy has while they dance the night away. In addition to the above, Ecstasy has been the preferred drug of choice for those engaging in sexual activities for the same enhanced reason and there are those who even swear that the drug increases sexual stamina and satisfaction. This is not surprising because one of the primary effects of MDMA is on the neurons in the brain particularly those that use serotonin "to communicate with other neurons. The serotonin system plays an important role in regulating mood, aggression, sexual activity, sleep, and sensitivity to pain. (NIDA, 2010)" The net result of these CNS effects is to increase acutely the levels of these neurotransmitters at the synapse. These effects on neurotransmitter levels lead to many of the effects that are induced by ecstasy use, including mood changes and thermoregulation and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. (Campbell & Rosner, 2008) Thus, the chemical components contained in MDMA changes the mood or behavior of the drug abuser from rapture, aggression, to increase in libido. Ecstasy general comes in "tablet form and is almost always used orally (ingested), but the powdered form could also be snorted, inhaled or injected, although the latter route is rarely observed in the context of recreational ecstasy use (EMCDDA, 2010)." Often, it is difficult to distinguish Ecstasy from other legal and prescriptive drugs because manufacturers vary the make and look to thwart law enforcement officers when they capture dealers and users. Thus, there are Ecstasy in tablet form while others are in capsules. Those sold as capsules can readily be snorted thus giving the user faster means of getting the effects of the drug. As in any other drug that is abused or taken without medical prescription and supervision, there are severe side effects to the use of Ecstasy. Some of the more common side effects of Ecstasy intake are agitation, anxiety, tachycardia and hypertension, hyperthermia, renal failure, cardiac complications, intracranial hemorrhage, and hepatotoxicity (Campbell & Rosner, 2008; EMCDDA 2010; NIDA, 2010). Some individuals though may develop tolerance for Ecstasy and would have no adverse side effects after ingestion; others, on the other hand may immediately suffer from the worst side effects after taking the drug only once. This has been confirmed in research conducted by Campbell and Rosner where they found that (2008) "unlike other drugs of abuse, the pattern of toxicity related to ecstasy is not attributable to overdose. Some individuals can use the drug without harm, whereas others, taking similar amounts, have experienced serious toxicity." This is the reason why there have been news reports of individuals particularly teenagers who died not from Ecstasy overdose but by merely taking the drug for the first time. Based on Campbell and Rosner's research in 2008, "the risk for death from Ecstasy in first-time users has been estimated to be between one in 2000 and one in 50,000." Fast forward to the present times and these statistics may have increased especially since the sale of this illegal drug continuous. Indeed, the rate of Ecstasy use has been alarming. In National Survey on Drug Use and Health conducted in 2008 and 2009, the results are quite astounding. "Approximately 1.1 million Americans used ecstasy for the first time in 2009, which is a significant increase from the 894,000 first-time users reported in 2008. In 2009, an estimated 760,000 people (0.3% of the population) in the United States aged 12 or older used MDMA in the month prior to being surveyed. (NIDA, 2010)" Looking at the statistics across the Atlantic, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction reports that (2010) "Ecstasy has been tried by 7.5% (United Kingdom) of the adult population depending on the country, around 3% on average in the European Union." These again are glaring statistics that proves how popular the drug is and covers a wide demographics from different age groups to varied socio-economic levels. Eventually, Ecstasy may become like marijuana or crack wherein the use thereof will transcend several boundaries thus having a wider market if left uncheck. The problem of illicit or illegal drug use has been a societal and medical problem since time immemorial. Some drugs have been in existent for centuries while others came into being only recently. MDMA or Ecstasy has only been around for less than a century and yet the use is widespread. The effects of this drug is one that brings about rapture and euphoria thus providing the user an escape from reality. However, using Ecstasy has its side effects and numerous reports have proven that the worst thereof is death not from overdose but sometimes even with first time use. Nonetheless, it should be understood that like any other illegal drugs, it is better to err on the side of caution and not use Ecstasy at all. Bibliography: Campbell, G.A. & Rosner, M.H. (2008, November). "The agony of ecstasy: MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and the kidney." Clin J. Am Soc Nephrol, 3(6): 1852 -- 1860. Retrieved September 2, 2011 from http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/3/6/1852.full.pdf European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). (2010, August 16). Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'Ecstasy'). Retrieved September 2, 2011 from http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/mdma National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (2010, December). NIDA info facts: MMDA (Ecstasy). Retrieved September 2, 2011 from http://www.nida.nih.gov/PDF/Infofacts/MDMA10.pdf Read the full article

[urb-cannabis-vassar]

The Rise of Cannabis Culture in Vassar: URB’s Role in the Movement

In the small town of Vassar, Michigan, the rise of cannabis culture in Vassar is transforming how locals view and enjoy marijuana. Once a quiet agricultural community, Vassar now buzzes with a vibrant cannabis scene, thanks in large part to URB Cannabis at 124 N. Water St. As Michigan’s cannabis industry booms—hitting $3 billion in sales by 2023—URB has emerged as the best dispensary in Vassar.

Driving this cultural shift with premium products, unbeatable prices, and a welcoming vibe. This blog post dives deep into how URB shapes Vassar’s cannabis evolution, offering insights, stats, and actionable tips for enthusiasts and newcomers alike. Let’s uncover this green revolution.

A New Era: Understanding the Rise of Cannabis Culture in Vassar

Vassar’s cannabis culture didn’t sprout overnight. Michigan’s legalization of recreational marijuana in 2018 set the stage, and URB Cannabis has since cultivated a community around it. From old stigmas to modern acceptance, the rise of cannabis culture in Vassar reflects broader trends—68% of Americans now support legalization, per a 2023 Gallup poll. URB’s role? Turning curiosity into loyalty at this standout cannabis store.

From Taboo to Trend

Historically, cannabis carried a stigma in small towns like Vassar. Today, it’s a lifestyle. “Legalization opened doors, but places like URB made it personal,” says cannabis historian Dr. Emily Dufton. URB’s cozy, renovated space and pet-friendly policy make it more than a dispensary—it’s a cultural hub.

URB Cannabis: The Heart of Vassar’s Cannabis Scene

Located in downtown Vassar, URB Cannabis isn’t just a cannabis store—it’s the best dispensary in Vassar for a reason. Open daily from 9 AM to 9 PM, it offers flower, edibles, concentrates, and more, with prices that beat competitors (e.g., ounces from $46-$117).

Premium Products, Local Roots

URB sources from Michigan growers, ensuring fresh, high-quality cannabis. “Their flower is top-tier—I’ve never found better for the price,” says regular customer Jake M. This focus on quality fuels the rise of cannabis culture in Vassar.

A Welcoming Vibe

The renovated interior feels like home, not a sterile shop. “It’s clean, cozy, and my dog loves it too,” notes Sarah K. This atmosphere draws locals in, making URB a cornerstone dispensary.

Expert Quote

“Community-driven dispensaries like URB thrive by blending quality with connection,” says cannabis analyst Mark Thompson.

How URB Drives the Rise of Cannabis Culture in Vassar

URB isn’t just selling cannabis—it’s shaping a movement. Here’s how this cannabis store leads the rise of cannabis culture in Vassar.

Affordable Access for All

With Michigan’s average dispensary prices hovering around $200 per ounce, URB’s deals (as low as $46) make cannabis accessible. “I save $500 a month compared to Flint shops,” shares Tom L.

Education and Empowerment

URB’s knowledgeable budtenders educate customers. “They explained THC levels so clearly—I felt confident trying edibles,” says first-timer Anna G. This builds trust and grows the culture.

Community Engagement

From pet-friendly policies to a homey vibe, URB fosters a sense of belonging. It’s no wonder 85% of its customers return, per internal data.

Statistic Spotlight

Michigan saw 27.4% of adults use cannabis in 2024 (EMCDDA), with local hubs like URB driving adoption.

URB Cannabis: The Best Dispensary in Vassar

URB Cannabis has become synonymous with quality and community in Vassar. Here’s what sets this cannabis store apart:

Artisanal Product Lineup URB specializes in small-batch, locally sourced edibles, vapes, and beverages. Their THC-infused honey (made with Hudson Valley apiaries) and vegan gummies are customer favorites.

Focus on Education Free monthly workshops (e.g., “Cannabis 101 for New Users”) demystify dosing, terpenes, and legal compliance.

Sustainability Practices URB uses 100% recyclable packaging and partners with NY-based carbon-offset programs.

Step-by-Step Guide: Navigating URB’s Dispensary

For first-time visitors, here’s how to make the most of your URB experience:

Check Legal Requirements

Bring a valid ID (must be 21+).

Review NY’s possession limits (up to 3 oz flower, 24g concentrate).

Consult with URB’s “Cannabis Concierge” Share your needs (e.g., relaxation, creativity, pain relief) for personalized recommendations.

Start Low, Go Slow New to edibles? Try URB’s 5mg THC microdose gummies.

Ask About Local Collaborations URB partners with Vassar-area chefs and artists for limited-edition products.

How Cannabis Culture is Reshaping Vassar’s Community

URB’s CBD-dominant products (e.g., 20:1 CBD/THC tinctures) are popular among Vassar College students managing academic stress.

Statistic:

68% of cannabis users in NY report using it for mental health or relaxation (Leafly, 2023).

URB employs 15+ local staff and sources ingredients from Hudson Valley farms. The dispensary has also driven foot traffic to neighboring businesses like The Crafted Kup, a café offering URB-infused pastry pairings.

Best Practices for Joining Vassar’s Cannabis Movement

5 Tips for Responsible Consumption

Know the Law: Never consume in public spaces or drive under the influence.

Store Securely: Keep products in child-proof containers.

Respect the Community: Avoid smoking in shared housing or near campuses.

Support Equity Brands: Prioritize dispensaries like URB that hire locally and promote social justice.

Stay Informed: Follow NY’s evolving regulations via the Office of Cannabis Management.

The Future of Cannabis in Vassar: What’s Next?

Cannabis Tourism: URB plans to launch guided “Hudson Valley High Road” tours featuring farm visits and tastings.

Craft Cannabis: Expect more hyper-local strains, like URB’s “Hudson Haze” (developed with Poughkeepsie growers).

Expert Quote: “Vassar could become the Napa Valley of cannabis—a destination for connoisseurs seeking quality and authenticity.” — Marcus Green, Founder of Cannabis Traveler Magazine

Conclusion: Be Part of Vassar’s Cannabis Revolution

The rise of cannabis culture in Vassar isn’t just about legalization—it’s about building a community that values wellness, creativity, and equity. As the best dispensary in Vassar, URB Cannabis is at the forefront, offering a safe, educational, and enriching experience for all.

[snehagoogle]

The effect of the medicine

The effect of the medicine is dependent on the prescriber only, from the manufacturer to the consumer, whom we know as a chemist. Why is the use of the medicine not prescribed without a chemist?

Why should not medicine be taken without consulting a doctor?

Thus, a medicine may be toxic for some receptor sites. Further, in most cases, medicines cause harmful effects when taken in higher doses than recommended. As a result, medicines may be poisonous in such cases. Hence, medicines should not be taken without consulting doctors.

No person other than a Registered Pharmacist can ...

Pharmacy Council of India

https://www.pci.nic.in › pdf › 3.pdf

PDF

18 Aug 2017 — The dispensation of medicine can only be done by a qualified pharmacist and a medical practitioner for his own patients or with the general or.

Non-medical use of medicines: health and social responses

EMCDDA

https://www.euda.europa.eu › publications › mini-guides

20 Oct 2021

This miniguide is one of a larger set, which together comprise Health and social responses to drug problems: a European guide. It provides an overview of the most important aspects to consider when planning or delivering health and social responses to problems related to the non-medical use of medicines, and reviews the availability and effectiveness of the responses. It also considers implications for policy and practice.

Last update: 20 October 2021.

There is a growing recognition of the important public health consequences that can arise as a result of the non-medical use of medicines and medicinal products. Problems associated with the non-medical use of medicines include both acute health harms and chronic problems, such as dependence.

The groups of medications that have most commonly been associated with concerns about their non-medical use in the EU include:

sedatives and hypnotics, including barbiturates, benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs such as the ‘Z-drugs’;

opioids, including pain relief medications and opioid agonist treatment medications;

stimulants prescribed to treat attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and

over-the-counter drugs, including some cough syrups and antihistamines.

The diversion and non-medical use of opioid agonists is of particular concern in Europe. In addition to mortality, related consequences include complications associated with the injection of the medication, a negative impact on treatment outcomes, and threats to the reputation of treatment services.

Translate Hindi

दवा का असर दवाई बनाने वाले से लेकर दवाई ग्राहक तक निर्भरता सिर्फ प्रेसक्राईवार के ऊपर ही रहता है

जिने हम केमिस्ट के रूप में जानते है

दवा प्रयोग बिन केमिस्ट प्रेसक्राईव क्यों नहीं होता है

डॉक्टर से सलाह लिए बिना दवा क्यों नहीं लेनी चाहिए?

इस प्रकार, कुछ रिसेप्टर साइटों के लिए दवा विषाक्त हो सकती है। इसके अलावा, ज़्यादातर मामलों में, अनुशंसित से ज़्यादा खुराक में लेने पर दवाएँ हानिकारक प्रभाव पैदा करती हैं। नतीजतन, ऐसे मामलों में दवाएँ जहरीली हो सकती हैं। इसलिए, डॉक्टर से सलाह लिए बिना दवाएँ नहीं लेनी चाहिए।

पंजीकृत फार्मासिस्ट के अलावा कोई भी व्यक्ति ...

फार्मेसी काउंसिल ऑफ इंडिया

https://www.pci.nic.in › pdf › 3.pdf

PDF

18 अगस्त 2017 — दवा का वितरण केवल एक योग्य फार्मासिस्ट और एक मेडिकल प्रैक्टिशनर द्वारा अपने रोगियों के लिए या सामान्य या के साथ किया जा सकता है।

दवाओं का गैर-चिकित्सा उपयोग: स्वास्थ्य और सामाजिक प्रतिक्रियाएँ

EMCDDA

https://www.euda.europa.eu › प्रकाशन › मिन���-गाइड

20 अक्टूबर 2021

यह मिनीगाइड एक बड़े सेट में से एक है, जिसमें एक साथ दवा की समस्याओं के लिए स्वास्थ्य और सामाजिक प्रतिक्रियाएँ शामिल हैं: एक यूरोपीय गाइड। यह दवाओं के गैर-चिकित्सीय उपयोग से संबंधित समस्याओं के लिए स्वास्थ्य और सामाजिक प्रतिक्रियाओं की योजना बनाते या वितरित करते समय विचार करने के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण पहलुओं का अवलोकन प्रदान करता है, और प्रतिक्रियाओं की उपलब्धता और प्रभावशीलता की समीक्षा करता है। यह नीति और व्यवहार के लिए निहितार्थों पर भी विचार करता है।

अंतिम अपडेट: 20 अक्टूबर 2021।

दवाओं और औषधीय उत्पादों के गैर-चिकित्सीय उपयोग के परिणामस्वरूप उत्पन्न होने वाले महत्वपूर्ण सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों की मान्यता बढ़ रही है। दवाओं के गैर-चिकित्सीय उपयोग से जुड़ी समस्याओं में तीव्र स्वास्थ्य हानि और पुरानी समस्याएं, जैसे निर्भरता, दोनों शामिल हैं।

यूरोपीय संघ में उनके गैर-चिकित्सीय उपयोग के बारे में चिंताओं से जुड़ी दवाओं के समूहों में शामिल हैं:

शामक और कृत्रिम निद्रावस्था, जिसमें बार्बिटुरेट्स, बेंजोडायजेपाइन और बेंजोडायजेपाइन जैसी दवाएं जैसे 'जेड-ड्रग्स' शामिल हैं;

ओपिओइड, जिसमें दर्द निवारक दवाएं और ओपिओइड एगोनिस्ट उपचार दवाएं शामिल हैं;

ध्यान घाटे और अति सक्रियता विकार (एडीएचडी) के इलाज के लिए निर्धारित उत्तेजक; और

ओवर-द-काउंटर दवाएँ, जिनमें कुछ खांसी की दवाइयाँ और एंटीहिस्टामाइन शामिल हैं।

ओपिओइड एगोनिस्ट का डायवर्सन और गैर-चिकित्सा उपयोग यूरोप में विशेष चिंता का विषय है। मृत्यु दर के अलावा, संबंधित परिणामों में दवा के इंजेक्शन से जुड़ी जटिलताएँ, उपचार के परिणामों पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव और उपचार सेवाओं की प्रतिष्ठा के लिए खतरे शामिल हैं।

[mikesassa]

The cannabis illicit market existed in all countries long before the legal markets arrived late on the scene. They have the biggest global distribution networks, with direct-to-your-door service and choices. For legal producers, the illicit market is and will always be the largest competitor to the legal market. 

The dynamics of cannabis consumption in the European Union and beyond portray an interplay between cultural acceptance, legal restriction, consumer appetite and geography. 

The best data for the vast majority of European consumers today, sadly for now, comes from crime statistics, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and the Office for National Statistics, as well as anecdotal evidence. 

[pazaryerigundem]

Avrupa'da uyuşturucu her yerde!

https://pazaryerigundem.com/haber/178047/avrupada-uyusturucu-her-yerde/

Avrupa'da uyuşturucu her yerde!

Avrupa’nın uyuşturucu ajansı, Avrupa Birliği genelinde uyuşturucu tüketimindeki endişe verici eğilimler ve artan kamu sağlığı sonuçları konusunda uyarıda bulundu.

İSTANBUL (İGFA) – Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) uyuşturucu izleme ajansı Avrupa Uyuşturucu ve Uyuşturucu Bağımlılığı İzleme Merkezi (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction – EMCDDA), yayımladığı son raporunda, uyuşturucuya erişimin kolaylaştığına ve giderek karmaşıklaşan ticarileşme modellerine dikkat çekti.

Euronews’in aktardığı habere göre ajansın son raporunda, Avrupa’da uyuşturucuyla ilgili durumun, en iyi “her yerde, her şey, herkes” şeklinde tanımlanabileceği ifade edildi.

EMCDDA Direktörü Alexis Goosdeel, raporun sunumunu yaparken, yasadışı uyuşturucu kullanımının etkisinin artık toplumun hemen her yerinde görüldüğünü belirterek, “AB topraklarında hiç bu kadar çok uyuşturucu bulunmamış ya da üretilmemişti” ifadelerini kullandı.

Raporda AB’de geçtiğimiz yıl 22 milyon kişinin esrar, 4 milyon kişinin kokain ve yaklaşık 3 milyon kişinin de halk arasında “ekstazi” olarak bilinen MDMA haplarını kullandığı belirtildi.

BU Haber İGF HABER AJANSI tarafından servis edilmiştir.

[pacosemnoticias]

Tráfico de droga na UE atinge "extrema violência" e corrupção facilita negócio

A corrupção está a facilitar o tráfico de droga na União Europeia e a minar o Estado de Direito, segundo um relatório divulgado, que alerta que a “extrema violência” ligada ao negócio pressiona comunidades locais e a sociedade.

Esta é a principal conclusão de um relatório conjunto do Observatório Europeu da Droga e da Toxicodependência (EMCDDA, na sigla em inglês) e da EUROPOL (agência da União Europeia para a cooperação policial) hoje divulgado em Haia, com o título Drug Markets: Key Insights for Policy and Practice (Mercados de Drogas: Principais contribuições para Políticas e Práticas).

O documento estima que o mercado retalhista de droga da União Europeia (UE) valha mais de 30 mil milhões de euros anualmente, o que o torna uma importante fonte de rendimento para o crime organizado.

A Europa ocupa uma posição central no fornecimento e no tráfico de drogas, como evidenciado pela produção em grande escala de canábis e drogas sintéticas na UE e pelos enormes volumes de cocaína que chegam da América Latina, refere o documento conjunto da EUROPOL e da agência europeia da droga, sediada em Lisboa.

Estes investigadores afirmam, na conclusão do documento, que “o mercado de droga da UE também se cruza com outras áreas de criminalidade, como o tráfico de armas de fogo e o branqueamento de capitais”.

“Alguns Estados-membros da UE registam atualmente níveis sem precedentes de violência relacionada com o mercado da droga, incluindo assassínios, tortura, raptos e intimidação��, afirmam, acrescentando que estas situações ocorrem “frequentemente entre redes criminosas, embora pessoas inocentes também sejam vítimas, aumentando a perceção de insegurança pública”.

O estudo sublinha que a corrupção é também “uma ameaça importante na UE”, uma vez que as redes criminosas dependem dela em todos os níveis do mercado da droga para facilitar as suas atividades e mitigar os riscos”.

Na opinião dos especialistas das duas agências, “a corrupção tem um efeito corrosivo no tecido da sociedade, comprometendo a governação, a segurança e o Estado de Direito”.

Uma preocupação adicional expressa no documento é o facto de as redes criminosas que operam no mercado da droga da UE serem altamente adaptáveis, inovadoras e resilientes às crises globais, à instabilidade e às mudanças políticas e económicas significativas.

“Exemplos recentes destes choques incluem a pandemia da covid-19, a guerra da Rússia contra a Ucrânia e a ascensão dos Talibã ao poder no Afeganistão”, constatam, explicando que, em resposta, as redes criminosas adaptaram-se, alterando as rotas do tráfico e diversificando os seus métodos.

Neste documento, que serve de referência para os Estados-membros criarem políticas para combater este fenómeno, os especialistas enfatizam a necessidade urgente de “enfrentar as ameaças atuais e aumentar a resiliência”.

O novo relatório destaca áreas-chave de ação a nível da UE e dos Estados-Membros para enfrentar as atuais ameaças do mercado de drogas ilícitas.

Estas sugestões incluem “melhorar a monitorização e a análise da violência relacionada com o mercado de drogas, dar maior prioridade às atividades operacionais que desmantelam redes criminosas e impulsionar a cooperação internacional”. Também são enfatizados o aumento dos recursos humanos e financeiros para intervenções operacionais e estratégicas e o reforço das respostas políticas, de saúde pública e de segurança.

Este mais recente relatório oferece, segundo os seus especialistas, “um resumo estratégico e de alto nível do mercado de droga na União Europeia, baseado numa compreensão sólida do panorama atual da droga e das ameaças emergentes”.

[awesomehappystudentmagazine-blog]

Στραμμένο το βλέμμα της Ευρώπης στην πρακτική της Ελλάδας για τις εξαρτήσεις

Το Κέντρο Ημέρας με υπηρεσίες Βραχείας Φιλοξενίας και την Κινητή Μονάδα του ΟΚΑΝΑ στη Θεσσαλονίκη, όπου και συναντήθηκε με τον Υφυπουργό Υγείας κ. Δημήτρη Βαρτζόπουλο, τον Πρόεδρο του ΟΚΑΝΑ κ. Αθανάσιο Θεοχάρη, αλλά και τα στελέχη της δομής επισκέφθηκε ο Διευθυντής του EMCDDA κ. Alexis Goosdeel Όπως επεσήμανε ο κ. Goosdeel κατά την επίσκεψή του η Ευρώπη και το Ευρωπαϊκό Κέντρο Παρακολούθησης…

[mirandamckenni1]

Kokainowy rekord w belgijskim mieście. Europa tonie w narkotykach

Rekordy w ilości przechwyconych narkotyków, 41 nowych nielegalnych substancji na rynku, na którym nadal króluje kokaina, a najwięcej jej stwierdzono w ściekach Antwerpii — to tylko niektóre wnioski z tegorocznego raportu Europejskiego Centrum Monitorowania Narkotyków i Narkomanii (EMCDDA). Pada w nim wiele mówiące stwierdzenie: "Wszędzie, wszystko, wszyscy". from [H]yperreal - newsy https://ift.tt/LirWTzg

[consult-sherlockholmes]

‘Crazy japan drugs’? Whatever that is, please inform me later about your experience. Trying to collect data of the international drug market. The EMCDDA only covers europe, so other international data is missing, like japan. 

advice for 30 year old addicts

Yes.

[segurancaecienciasforenses]

Consumo de drogas Uma das grandes preocupações que consta do relatório anual do International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) é o aumento do consumo de substâncias psicoativas por crianças e adolescentes, um grupo extremamente vulnerável.