#Dr B.R. Ambedkar Philosophy of Life | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

mallareddynarayanahospitals · 10 days ago

Text

Precision in Every Beat: Dr. Harish Badami – Expert in Robotic & Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

When it comes to matters of the heart—literally—precision, innovation, and trust are non-negotiable. At Malla Reddy Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, we are proud to introduce Dr. Harish Badami, Senior Consultant – Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgeon (CTVS) and a pioneer in Minimally Invasive and Robotic Cardiac Surgery (MICS).

👨‍⚕️ A Journey of Surgical Excellence

Dr. Harish Badami brings with him over two decades of experience and expertise in handling some of the most complex cardiac and thoracic procedures. His medical journey began with an MBBS from Gulbarga University, followed by an MS in General Surgery from Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, and culminating in a super-specialization (M.Ch in CTVS) from the prestigious Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Pune.

🔬 Specialist in MICS & Robotic Cardiac Surgery

In an era where less is more, Dr. Badami stands at the forefront of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Cardiac Surgery (MICS) — a revolutionary approach to heart surgery that ensures smaller incisions, less pain, faster recovery, and improved outcomes.

His areas of expertise include:

Robotic and video-assisted thoracic surgeries

Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

Valve replacements and repairs

Aortic surgeries and vascular reconstructions

Congenital and acquired heart defect corrections

With a patient-first philosophy, Dr. Badami focuses on delivering advanced care with reduced surgical trauma and quicker return to normal life.

🏥 Leading Roles in Top Hospitals Across India

Before joining Malla Reddy Narayana Hospital, Dr. Badami served in leadership roles across some of India’s most renowned hospitals:

HOD & Consultant, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderguda

HOD & Consultant, TX Hospitals, Hyderabad

Consultant, Prathima Hospitals, Hyderabad

Consultant, KIMS, Srikakulam

Visiting Consultant, Medicover Hospitals, Kurnool

At each institution, he was recognized not only for his surgical skill but also for his compassionate approach and excellence in patient outcomes.

💡 Why Choose Dr. Harish Badami?

Over 20 years of experience in CTVS

Pioneer in robotic and minimally invasive heart surgeries

Trusted by thousands of patients across Telangana and Andhra Pradesh

Dedicated to precision surgery with a compassionate touch

Strong focus on innovation, patient safety, and faster recovery

💬 Patient-Centric Approach to Care

What truly sets Dr. Badami apart is his ability to blend technical mastery with patient empathy. He believes every patient deserves clarity, comfort, and confidence in their treatment journey — and he ensures they receive just that.

📞 Book Your Consultation Today

If you or your loved one is seeking expert opinion for any heart, lung, or vascular condition, don’t hesitate to consult Dr. Harish Badami — where experience meets innovation, and care goes beyond the operation table.

📍 Available at: Malla Reddy Narayana Multispeciality Hospital 📞 Contact: 040 – 2215 2215 🌐 Website: www.mallareddynarayana.com

#health problems #health #healthcare #health and wellness #healthyhabits #mallareddynarayanahospitals #physical health #public health #mrnh #cardiology

0 notes

createdworldchori · 6 months ago

Text

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: A Biography

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956) was one of the most prominent social reformers, intellectuals, and leaders in India’s history. He is known as the architect of the Indian Constitution and a fierce advocate for the rights of Dalits (the untouchables) and other marginalized communities. His contributions to social justice and his fight against untouchability and caste-based discrimination are unparalleled. lets discuss about br ambedkar biography

Early Life and Education

Born: 14 April 1891, Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Ambedkar was born into a Dalit family, which faced severe discrimination and social exclusion. His father was a soldier in the British army, and his family was part of the "Maher" community, classified as "untouchables" by the caste system in India.

Despite the challenges of caste-based discrimination, Ambedkar excelled academically. He was one of the few Dalits who managed to gain formal education during that period.

Ambedkar completed his primary education at various schools in Maharashtra. He was an outstanding student and faced considerable difficulty in his school years due to the prejudice against lower-caste students. Nevertheless, he continued his education with resilience.

Academic Achievements

Ambedkar was one of the most educated Indians of his time. Some of his notable academic achievements include:

Elphinstone College, Mumbai (University of Bombay): He completed his Bachelor's degree in Arts (B.A.) in 1912.

Columbia University, USA: He went to the United States in 1913 for higher education, where he earned a Master's degree in Economics (M.A.) and later a Doctorate in Law (LL.D) in 1927. His thesis on "The Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin and Its Solution" was groundbreaking.

London School of Economics (LSE): Ambedkar also studied at the London School of Economics and earned a Doctorate in Economics in 1923.

He is considered one of the most learned people to have ever lived in India.

Social and Political Life

1. Advocate for Dalit Rights

Ambedkar's primary focus was on the rights and empowerment of the Dalits (untouchables) and other marginalized communities in India. His own experiences of discrimination and oppression fueled his desire for social reform and justice.

He worked tirelessly to end the practice of untouchability, the caste system, and discrimination. He believed that education, equality, and empowerment were the key to improving the lives of Dalits and breaking the chains of caste-based oppression.

2. Political Engagement and Movements

Ambedkar was actively involved in politics. He founded several organizations to advocate for the rights of Dalits and other oppressed classes. One of his most notable movements was the Dalit Buddhist Movement, which led to his conversion to Buddhism along with hundreds of thousands of his followers in 1956, just before his death.

He also spearheaded the "Mahad Satyagraha" (1927), a protest against the untouchability practices that prohibited Dalits from using public water tanks in the town of Mahad, Maharashtra.

Ambedkar was instrumental in the Poona Pact of 1932, which was an agreement between Ambedkar and the Indian National Congress, led by Gandhi, on the reservation of seats for the Depressed Classes (Dalits) in legislative bodies.

3. The Indian Constitution

Ambedkar's most significant contribution was his role in drafting the Indian Constitution. He was appointed as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly of India, which was tasked with creating the Constitution after India gained independence in 1947. The Indian Constitution, which came into effect on 26 January 1950, enshrines the principles of equality, social justice, and freedom, with a strong focus on the protection of the rights of the marginalized and oppressed communities.

Philosophy and Ideology

Ambedkar was greatly influenced by Buddhism, Western liberalism, and Marxism, but he also strongly believed in the necessity of social reform in India. Some of his key ideas include:

Social Equality and Justice: Ambedkar fought for the elimination of the caste system and the establishment of a society where all individuals, irrespective of their caste, could live with dignity and equality.

Empowerment through Education: Ambedkar believed that education was the most powerful weapon for the upliftment of the oppressed.

Buddhism as a Tool for Social Change: Ambedkar believed that Buddhism could serve as an alternative to Hinduism, which he considered a system of oppression for the lower castes. In 1956, he and his followers embraced Buddhism as a means of social and spiritual liberation.

Economic and Political Freedom: Ambedkar supported the idea of political and economic freedom, not just for the elite, but for all citizens, particularly the marginalized.

Personal Life

Ambedkar was married to Ramabai, and the couple had children. Ramabai was a strong support for Ambedkar in his social reforms and activism.

Ambedkar faced numerous health problems throughout his life, particularly related to his spine, which caused him severe pain. Despite these challenges, he remained committed to his mission of social reform.

Death and Legacy

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar passed away on 6 December 1956 at the age of 65, just a few weeks after converting to Buddhism. His death marked the end of an era for the Dalit rights movement, but his ideas and vision for a just society continue to inspire millions of people across India and the world.

Ambedkar's legacy lives on in several ways:

The Constitution of India remains a testimony to his work in shaping India's democratic framework.

His birth anniversary, 14 April, is celebrated as Ambedkar Jayanti, a national holiday in India.

His contributions to social justice, equality, and human rights continue to influence political thought and policy in India.

Dr. Ambedkar is widely regarded as the "Father of the Indian Constitution" and remains a towering figure in India's history.

Conclusion

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s life and work have had a profound impact on India’s social, political, and cultural development. He was a man of immense intellectual capacity, compassion, and a visionary who dedicated his life to the upliftment of the marginalized and oppressed sections of society. His relentless fight against social inequality, his contributions to the drafting of the Indian Constitution, and his embrace of Buddhism continue to inspire future generations.

If you'd like to know more about specific aspects of his life, feel free to ask! 😊

hope this blog about bhimrao ambedkar ka jeevan parichay will be helpful for you.

#brambedkar #bhimrao #babasaheb #ambedkar

1 note · View note

news365timesindia · 8 months ago

Text

[ad_1] GG News Bureau New Delhi, 26th Nov. On the 75th anniversary of the adoption of the Indian Constitution, the Congress party called for renewed efforts to protect the ethos of the Constitution and defend India’s inherent philosophy. Party leaders emphasized the need for a collective struggle to safeguard the Constitution’s true values amid concerns over insincere commitments from those seeking to undermine it. Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge, in a post on X, urged the people of India to unite and uphold every thought expressed in the Constitution. He highlighted that the Constitution, drafted with great care and effort by India’s founding leaders, forms the lifeblood of the nation, guaranteeing social, economic, and political rights. “The 75th year of the adoption of the Constitution has begun today. I extend my warmest wishes to all Indians on this historic occasion,” Kharge said. He went on to recall the immense contributions of the Constituent Assembly, especially acknowledging the leadership of figures like Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, and Sarojini Naidu. Kharge also stressed the invaluable role played by the 15 women members of the Constituent Assembly, whose contributions to an inclusive India remain significant. Kharge reiterated the importance of the Objectives Resolution, moved by Nehru, and Dr. Ambedkar’s iconic last speech, which continue to protect the tenets of the Constitution. He emphasized that, as citizens, it is their duty to protect the Constitution’s ethos and defend its values from any threats. Congress General Secretary K.C. Venugopal also spoke on the occasion, describing the Indian Constitution as “India’s soul and history of millennia in motion.” He pointed out that the Constitution is a living document, which continues to keep the ideals of justice, equality, and inclusivity alive in India. Venugopal echoed Kharge’s sentiment, urging Indians to ensure that the Constitution remains the guiding force in public life. Jairam Ramesh, Congress General Secretary for Communications, also remembered two seminal works on the Constitution’s making: Granville Austin’s “The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation” and B. Shiva Rao’s “The Framing of the Indian Constitution,” which offer a deep insight into the Constitution’s creation and the vision behind it. The Congress leaders said that protecting the Constitution in its 75th year is more crucial than ever, as the nation faces challenges to uphold its democratic values and principles. The post Congress Urges Unity to Protect Constitution’s Values on Its 75th Anniversary appeared first on Global Governance News- Asia's First Bilingual News portal for Global News and Updates. [ad_2] Source link

0 notes

news365times · 8 months ago

Text

0 notes

delhidarshan1 · 2 years ago

Text

Dr. Ambedkar National Memorial in Delhi: A Tribute to the Architect of India's Constitution

The Ambedkar National Memorial in Delhi stands as a testament to the life, work, and legacy of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, one of India's most visionary leaders. This iconic monument, situated in the heart of the nation's capital, is a place of reverence, reflection, and remembrance. Dr. Ambedkar's contributions to social justice, equality, and the crafting of India's constitution are celebrated and honored at this magnificent memorial.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: A Brief Overview

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, popularly known as Babasaheb Ambedkar, was born on April 14, 1891, in a small village in Maharashtra. His life was marked by relentless dedication to eradicating the deep-seated discrimination and social inequalities prevailing in India. Dr. Ambedkar, himself a victim of caste-based discrimination, overcame immense odds to become a scholar, lawyer, and a prolific writer. His academic achievements earned him scholarships to study abroad, where he gained expertise in economics and law.

Contribution to India's Constitution

One of Dr. Ambedkar's most significant contributions was his pivotal role in drafting the Indian Constitution. As the chairman of the drafting committee, he played a vital role in shaping the nation's governing document. The Constitution, adopted on January 26, 1950, enshrines the principles of justice, equality, and freedom for all Indians. It abolishes discrimination based on caste, creed, gender, and religion, and guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens.

The Memorial's Significance

The Ambedkar National Memorial, located at 26, Alipur Road in Delhi, is housed in the iconic 26, Alipur Road bungalow, where Dr. Ambedkar lived during his later years. The memorial was inaugurated on April 13, 2018, marking Dr. Ambedkar's 127th birth anniversary. It serves as a symbol of his life's work and his relentless fight against social injustice and caste discrimination.

Key Features of the Memorial

Architecture: The memorial is a stunning example of modern architectural design. Its clean lines, simple yet elegant structure, and serene ambiance create an atmosphere of reverence.

Exhibition Hall: The memorial houses an exhibition hall that showcases the life and achievements of Dr. Ambedkar. Visitors can explore his personal belongings, rare photographs, and an extensive collection of his writings and speeches.

Ambedkar's Study: Dr. Ambedkar's study room has been meticulously preserved, allowing visitors to glimpse into the intellectual world of the visionary leader. His books, writings, and the desk where he worked are displayed with great care.

Statues and Artifacts: The memorial also features statues and artwork depicting Dr. Ambedkar's journey, ideals, and contributions to Indian society.

Meditation Hall: A meditation hall offers a peaceful space for visitors to reflect and pay their respects to Dr. Ambedkar.

Library and Research Center: For those interested in delving deeper into Dr. Ambedkar's work, a library and research center provide access to a vast collection of books, research papers, and resources related to his life and philosophy.

Legacy and Continuing Influence

The Ambedkar National Memorial is not just a monument; it represents a living legacy. Dr. Ambedkar's teachings and ideas continue to inspire movements for social justice and equality in India. His relentless pursuit of justice for marginalized communities, his emphasis on education as a means of empowerment, and his vision of a casteless society continue to guide the nation's progress toward a more inclusive and egalitarian future.

Conclusion

The Ambedkar National Memorial in Delhi is a fitting tribute to a man whose tireless efforts transformed the course of Indian history. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's life and work are celebrated at this remarkable memorial, which stands as a beacon of hope and inspiration for all those striving for a more just and equitable society. It reminds us of the importance of upholding the principles of justice, equality, and social harmony, which are at the core of the Indian Constitution that he helped shape.

#delhidarshan #delhi #delhi tourism #delhi darshan #delhi sightseeing #Ambedkar National Museum

0 notes

daily-star · 5 years ago

Text

&TV applauds Ramji Maloji Sakpal, the inspiring father of India’s most inspiring leader, Dr B.R. Ambedkar, this Father’s Day

Fathers, like mothers, are pillars in the development of a child’s emotional well-being. There is no relationship quite like that of father and child. This role has a significant impact on a child and helps shape her or him into the person they become. This Father’s Day, &TV applauds the inspiring Ramji MalojiSakpal, father of one of the most inspirational leaders of all times - Dr B. R Ambedkar.

Weaving in beautiful philosophies, guidance and teachings, Ramji played a prominent role in shaping Babasaheb’s life. He was the perfect example of a guide, philosopher and great mentor. To applaud Ramji MalojiSakpal and several fathers like him, this Fathers’ Day, &TV will telecast a special episode showcasing memorable moments between him and young Babasaheb from the show EkMahanayak Dr B. R Ambedkar titled ‘EkPrerna Ramji Sakpal’ on June 21st, Sunday at 2:00 pm.

Drawing inspiration from the teachings of Ramji Sakpal, here are some of the &TV actors sharing their views on why they look up to him and his contribution to Dr Ambedkar’s life and learning.

Jagannath Nivangune, who plays Ramji MalojiSakpal, in the show EkMahanayak Dr B. R Ambedkar shares, “Ramji was an army officer who held the rank of Subedar. He was extremely strict in his principles and beliefs. He gave full freedom to all his children to aspire and chase their dreams. He had a considerable influence on Babasaheb’s life. His support and concern for him during all hardships was exceptional, and he was deeply committed to the betterment of his children. In his toughest times, Ramji stood like a pillar of strength beside his ambitious and visionary son. He always stood firm on his core values and teachings. Following his father’s guidance, Dr B. R Ambedkar began a historical journey of making a mark for himself in the world. We should thank the man behind this leader, who to nurtured his son into becoming the inspiring leaders of our times. Ramji was not just the support system of Babasaheb but also the backbone of the entire family and held everyone together.”

Kamna Pathak, Rajesh from &TV’s Happu Ki Ultan Paltan shares, “The relationship that Ramji and Babasaheb shared was very enriching, and some of his teachings have inspired me a lot. One such scene I vividly remember from the show, EkMahanayak – Dr B.R. Ambedkar is where young Ambedkar tells Ramji, that it is not that he does not understand his father, and he should not take it otherwise when he argues with him for Bala. To this, Ramji tells him that debating is healthy, and one must speak against injustice or anything they strongly believe. That taught me that one must fight for what is right no matter what. Settling for the wrong will not bring you the required satisfaction and inner peace. There should be a healthy debate separating the just from the unjust, truth from a lie. The debates might not always result in a win or a loss but help to build self-confidence and speak up for oneself .”

Aasif Sheikh, Vibhuti Narayan from &TV’s BhabijiGhar Par Hai says, “There is a beautiful and inspirational moment in the show between Bhimrao, and Ramji I can recall. Bhim refuses to go to school because he is being discriminated against and made to sit outside the class. Ramji uses sunlight as an example to give him a different perspective. He tells him that education is like the heat of the sun. Whichever corner one stands in, it does not reduce the heat of the sun and the sunlight reaches everyone irrespective, similarly, sitting in front or back in the classroom does not affect one’s ability to grasp knowledge. What matters is how much one can grasp and understand.”

Adding further,Aasif said, “What this tells us is that a father is not just a parent but also a teacher, a problem-solver and a friend to his child. A supportive father affects a child’s cognitive and social development. He also instils an overall sense of well-being and self-confidence. This Father’s Day let us accolade Ramji Sakpal’s inspiring teachings that shaped Babasaheb into becoming the inspiring leader of all time.”

Sarika Bahroliya of Gudiya HumariSabhi Pe Bhari shares, “The values and teachings Ramji inculcated in Babasaheb since an early age, helped shape Babasaheb’s personality and intellect.Babasaheb is one of the key visionary leaders that transformed India into a progressive country that it is today. One of the most memorable moments I remember between them in the show is when Bhimrao innocently asks Ramji that how his topping the class make a difference to the society. And to which Ramji tells him that people will not celebrate and recognise your achievement until it directly impacts them. He teaches him that it is only through his education; he can impact and change people’s lives. The real trophy is gaining people’s love and respect which can be earned only if one serves people selflessly.”

So, this Fathers’ Day, be a part of this inspiring journey of Ramji Maloji Sakpal in shaping the future of the inspirational leader – Dr B.R. Ambedkar through a special episode titled “EkPrerna Ramji Sakpal”, to be aired at 2:00 pm on June 21st, Sunday only on &TV

#&tv #Fathers Day

0 notes

midukki · 8 years ago

Note

im a little ignorant about this whole mahatma gandhi being not so mahatma...(cuz my school puts him on a pedestal & i've grown up believing he's perfect lol) i was wondering if you could educate me a little about it? i do know some about his sexist views though. thanks so much! :))

Hi there! I’ve got two asks about this so I’ll just jot down what I know from the reading I’ve done:

Gandhi was a known racist. He believed that Indians and whites were superior and more civilised than Africans. “To the extent that he wrote Africans out of history or was keen to join with whites in their subjugation he was a racist.“ (Prof. Ashwin Desai). A quick google search should show you the kind of remarks he made about black South Africans during his time there [more here] (Also noting that South Asians, especially Indians, are notoriously anti-black- so it’s really no wonder that this part of his personality is overlooked in the nation’s history books)

Gandhi had a very perverted attitude towards sex. He is recorded to have conducted ‘sex experiments’ to test his celibacy (ie he made naked women share a bed with him). Some of these women were underage. [more here and here]

Gandhi does not sit well for most Dalits in India. Actually, the quote that Gandhi shouldn’t be considered ‘Mahatma’ at all came from the father of the Indian constitution, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar; who was also the leader of the Dalit Movement and one of Gandhi’s biggest critics. Their ideological differences definitely played a big part in this [more here]. But even more so was the outcome of the Poona Pact in 1933. The pact culminated a hunger strike that Gandhi led to ensure Ambedkar’s proposition of a constitution enabling Dalits to elect their own leaders, with reserved political seats (quota), was NOT to go forward. Gandhi, a high caste Hindu, believed that the best way to address caste based discrimination was to, among other things, involve oneself in activities reserved for the lower caste (toilet cleaning etc), whilst Ambedkar, also an esteemed lawyer and Dalit who had grown up facing caste-based discrimination, found that representation was the best way to address this issue. Thus, Gandhi blocked what could have been a great step forward for the lower caste in India. [more here]

The other anon asked me how he was ‘Hindu-centric’ and I really don’t know much more about that then the above mentioned and the fact that he was a devout Hindu most of his life (even if he was critical of all religions). However, I fail to see how being ‘Hindu-centric’ (so to speak) is a bad thing? I think the author of that post I reblogged included that part because the ‘mythology’ of Gandhi (and his incorporation of spirituality/Hindu concepts into political ideology) is a significant part of the current Hindu nationalist regime and their subsequent erasure/oppression of minorities in India. [edit 07/06/17]

As a side note, I used the term ‘mythology’ of Gandhi because as you said, he is put on a pedestal and is considered to be perfect and the father of the nation and whatnot. But as you can see he was also an extremely problematic individual. And what is also problematic is that we can’t dismiss the countless amount of good people his ‘mythology’ inspired: he most certainly played a significant role in India’s independence (along with numerous others who we tend to forget about due to the magnanimous, all-encompassing scale of this mythology). It’s a classic case of separating the art and artist. So people like Mandela and MLK Jr don’t automatically become problematic because they prescribe to Gandhian philosophy. People who look up to and excuse his racist, perverted personality do. We have to keep in mind this complicated dichotomy that is associated with the ideal that is Gandhi. All I can say is that I won’t be calling him Mahatma ever again.

Another thing to note is that people on tumblr tend to just take new information and criticism at face value. I implore you to do your own research on the topic because I am no expert (and please, please correct me if I’m wrong!! I too want to learn). These are just some starting points for your own research- but I hope the help.

#gandhi #type: opinion #type: rant #i guess #i don't know what else to tag this #again correct me if i'm wrong #personally i feel like it's time we got gandhi off that pedestal and started praising azad and bhagat singh and rani laxmi bai and ambedkar #just don't put anyone on a pedestal #THINGS ARE COMPLICATED OK #Anonymous #ask and it shall be given you; seek and you shall find

31 notes · View notes

margdarsanme · 5 years ago

Text

NCERT Class 12 History Chapter 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond

NCERT Class 12 History Solutions

Chapter 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q 1. How did Mahatma Gandhi seek to identify with the common people?

Ans. Mahatma Gandhi seeked to identify himself with the common people of India. For this action plan (a) He began to live in a very simple life style. He wore simple clothes which a poor Indian would wear. (b) He spoke the language of local people. (c) Mahatma Gandhi opposed the caste system and attacked untouchability personally lived with the Harijan. (d) Mahatma Gandhi attached dignity to labour and physical work. He worked on Charkha and cleaned toilets. (e) He attacked the sentiment of the feeling of classifying people into low and high.

Q 2. How was Mahatma Gandhi perceived by the peasants ?

Ans. India is a country of villagers and vast number of Indians are engaged in farming. Mahatma Gandhi knew that during freedom struggle his focus was to address the issues of farmers. He dressed like farmers. His involvement in Indian politics began in Champaran when he successfully resolved the issues of farmers. He stood for farmers against excesses of the British government like high taxes and oppressive tax collections. Apart from all the above, mystery also surrounded the personality of Mahatma Gandhi. Many believed he was endowed with supernatural powers. Stories spread that those who spoke ill of Mahatma Gandhi suffered natural calamities. Thus, farmers perceived Mahatma Gandhi as their saviour and still many believed he was bestowed with the power to perform miracles. Q 3. Why did the salt laws become an important issue of struggle?

Ans. Poorest of poor Indian consume food that has salt as one of its prime ingredient. British government brought tax on salt and making salt indigenously was forbidden. It was to become a big burden on the poor people of India. Some important points regarding salt law are as follows. 1.Salt law was to lead to monopoly of salt production and distribution. It was to fuel prices, and added to this was the tax levied by the government. 2.People were denied access to natural salt and tons of the same were destroyed. 3.Salt law was an attack on the local industry in the villages too. Hence salt law was extremely unpopular and it became an important issue of the struggle. Q 4. Why are newspapers an important source for the study of national movement?

Ans. Contemporary newspapers are an important source of the study of national movement. Following points lay bare their importance as source of history with reference to Indian Freedom Movement. (a) Many contemporary newspapers were published by those who were involved in the freedom struggle. For example, National Herald was issued by Motilal Nehru, further Mr Jinnah issued Dawn. These nespapers were mouthpieces and represented important voices of the movement. Hence, they made important source of information regarding the freedom movement. (b) Newspapers do daily reporting, hence, their reporting is more detailed than perhaphs any other source can be. As they report on extremely recent events, the chances of misreporting is less. Reading different nespapers further makes our reading balanced and free from bias. (c) Many newspapers were in local Indian languages, i.e. in vernacular languages and their circulation was limited. Hence, they published newspaper from local perspective which other sources of history may not have. (d) They reflect the mood of the people too. These newspapers shaped what was published and the way events were reported. Accounts published in a London newspaper would be different from a report in an Indian nationalist paper. Q 5. Why was the charkha chosen as a symbol of nationalism?

Ans. Gandhiji used to work on charkha. He made it a symbol of our freedom movement. Following are the reasons for making it the symbol of our freedom struggle. (a) Charkha symbolised manual labour. (b) Gandhiji wanted to attach respect to manual labour. On charkha people worked with their own hand. (c) Charkha was a low investment product hence anyone can afford it. It was a boost to the small scale industries. (d) Charkha as it dignified manual labour. It also promoted the culture of doing one’s own work. It would also strike at the root of caste system. (e) Charkha was used as tool to keep British imported clothes.Thus, Charkha became a symbol of Indian nationalism. Q 6. How was non-cooperation a form of protest?

Ans. Gandhiji believed that British empire in India could survive as long as the local people were cooperating with the foreign rule. Non-cooperating with the British government was to weaken it and also to protest against the same. Following points explain how it was a protest: 1.Non-coperation movement came along with the Khilaphate movement, The British has not seen Hindu Muslem unity of this level ever in history. The protest of the people was unified cutting across communities and at great scale. 2.People boycotted the pillars and symbols of British rule, courts, colleges and government offices. Lawyers stopped going to courts and students stayed away from colleges. At many places alternate arrangements were done to solve litigations out of court. Further many education institutions were established by the leaders of freedom struggle where students can study. One of them is Jamia Millia University in Delhi which exits today as one of the most reputed seats of higher education in India. 3.People boycotted tax collection also and they refused to pay taxes. Thus, non-cooperation was a kind of protest too. Q 7. Why were the dialogues at the Round Table Conference inconclusive ?

Ans. The British Government has had the policy to review the progress of self-rule in India and bring reforms after the gap of ten years. This began in 1910 with Morley Minto Reform and was followed in 1920 with Montague Chemsford Report. Ten years later British government invited Round Table Conference in London for the way forward. The First Round Table Conference took place in November, 1930. The Conference failed as the most important stake holder of Indian Freedom Movement, the Indian National Congress was absent in the conference. The leaders of the Congress were behind bars due to civil disobedience movement.

The Second Table Conference took pace in February 1931. One month earlier Mahatma Gandhi was released from the jail. Hence, he participated in the conference. Gandhi Irwin pact was signed and the British government agreed to withdraw salt law partly. But the agreement came under criticism as it did not talk about complete independence of India.

Third and the most important Round Table Conference took place in the later part of 1931. The new constitutional developments were not agreed upon. The main reason was that the other participants of the conference described Congress as representative of small group of Indians and not the entire population. The major voice of dissent were, the Moslem League that claimed itself the sole representative of the Moslems in India, Dr B.R. Ambedkar claimed himself the sole representative of the low castes in India and the native rulers also claimed they would deal with the British independently and Congress could not have any say in that.

To conclude divisive politics of Moslem League, Dr Ambedkar and the attitude of the princely states are the main reasons for the failure of the round table conferences. Q 8. In what way did Mahatma Gandhi transform the nature of the national movement?

Ans. Gandhiji came to India back from South Africa in 1915. In 1917 he went to Champaran in Bihar to fight for the cause of farmers who were forced to grow indigo by the British government. The farmers movement proved successful as the British government accepted the demands of the farmers. Since that time to 1943 when he was assassinated, he occupied the central place in the politics of India. The fact is Mahatma Gandhi is the chief protagonist of the Indian Freedom Struggle.

Mahatma Gandhi changed the nature of freedom movement and this can be elaborated by the following points: 1. When Gandhiji joined Indian politics, the freedom movement was limited to the middle class. Everybody who participated in the political movements was educated and product of the English education. Gandhiji made it all pervasive, now people from villages, poor people, labours, workers, and students all became part of the freedom struggle. However, there are people who find fault with the act of Gandhiji. They point out that Mahatma Gandhi used religious symbols to popularise the freedom movement that in long term gave fillip to communal politics. It is notable that the Age of Gan-lhi is also the age of the Rise of Moslem League in Indian politics. Eminent author Nirad C Choudhary has also criticised Mahatma Gandhi for making the freedom movement a mass movement by short cuts.

2. Mahatma Gandhi has to be credited with emancipation of women and their participation in the public life at a scale not known in Indian history. Women were very prominent in picketing activities against shops selling foreign goods. The freedom movement gave some prominent woman leaders viz. Sarojini Naidu, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur and many more.

3. For Mahatma Gandhi freedom movement was also a platform for social reforms. He spoke in favour of place of dignity and respects for depressed classes. He made end to untouchability a fundamental objective of his political philosophy. Thus Mahatma Gandhi made freedom movement a mass movement and a movement much beyond politics. Q 9. What do private letters and autobiographies tell us about an individual ? How are these sources different from official accounts ?

Ans. Private letters and autobiographies are important source of individual’s life and views. Many of our freedom struggle leaders wrote autobiographies and letters and today they are our great record about them and history too. The autobiographies and letters tell us the following things about an individual.

1. Autobiographies and letters throw light on the interests of an individual. Let us take an example, Nehru wrote letters to his daughter Indira describing the events of world history, today it is known as the book, ” Glimpses of the World History”. These letters show that Nehru had great interest in history. These letters show also the views of the author. For example, Nehru talks highly of the socilaist government of USSR in his autobiography.

2. These autobiographies and letters are a good source of information of the social life of those days in India. Dr Rajendra Prasad has given vivid description of the village life that he saw as a child in his village.

3. Above all these autobiographies and letters are great source of history too. Nehru in his autobiography has explained in details about the obstinate approach of Moslem League towards solving the minority problem in India.

These sources were diffferent from the official accounts. This is manifested in the following points:

1. The official accounts are done by individuals but they work under the guidelines of the government. Thus, views that run against the government remain stifled. In addition, the author would not have the freedom of focused area. He would be required to write only on topics already defined. However, in autobiographies and letters one can choose anything of personal interest. Dr Rajendra Prasad gives a vivid description of his school and college days in his autobiography. This is not possible in any government account.

2. The autographic letters throw light on the personal life of individual leaders and show these events shaped the thought process of these leaders in future life. Mahatma Gandhi described how he was thrown out of the first class compartment of the train in South Africa because he was not a white man. He describes the struggle inside on how to protest and later how he took to non -violent means of protest. Q 10. Find out about the route of the Dandi March. On a map of Gujarat plot the line of the march and mark the major towns and villages that it passed along the route.

Ans. Dandi March was started from Sabarmati Ashram. This Ashram is in Ahmedabad (Gujarat). The route followed from Ahmedabad to Vadodara and from there to Surat. We have used triangle A, B and C to mark the Dandi expedition route.

from Blogger http://www.margdarsan.com/2020/08/ncert-class-12-history-chapter-13.html

#NCERT Class 12 History

0 notes

marymosley · 7 years ago

Text

26 Interesting facts about Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Bhiva Ramji Ambedkar also known as Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Babasaheb Ambedkar & B.R. Ambedkar was an Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer born on 14th April 1891 to Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimbai Ramji Sakpal.

He inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables that is the Dalits, while also supporting the rights of women and labour. B.R. Ambedkar was independent India’s first law and justice minister, the principal architect of the Constitution of India, and a founding father of the Republic of India.

Ambedkar was a creative student earning Doctorates in Economics from both Columbia University and the London School of Economics and attained a reputation as a scholar for his exploration in Law, Economics, and Political Science. In his initial career he was an economist, professor, and lawyer. Ambedkar’s later life was notable by his political exercise; he became embroiled in campaigning for India’s Independence, publishing journals, justify political rights and social freedom for Dalits, and devoting significantly to the formation of India. Later in 1956, Ambedkar converted to Buddhism inducting mass conversions of Dalits to the same.

He died on 6th December 1956 due to illness. In 1990, India’s highest civilian award the Bharat Ratna was posthumously conferred upon B.R. Ambedkar for his contributions to the country.

INTERESTING FACTS

There are some interesting facts regarding Ambedkar. Some of them are as follows:

Ambedkar was born into a poor low Mahar, (dalit) caste in the town and military cantonment of Mhow in the Central Provinces (now in Madhya Pradesh). Ambedkar was the last child (14th) of Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimabai Murbadkar Sankpal. He and his family was of Marathi background from the town of Ambavade (Mandangad taluka) in Ratnagiri district (modern-day Maharashtra). His family belonged to the Mahar caste, who were treated as untouchables and was subjected to socio-economic discrimination. Ambedkar’s ancestors had long been in the employment of the army of the British East India Company, and his father served in the British Indian Army at the Mhow cantonment.

Although able to attend school, Ambedkar and other untouchable children were segregated and given little attention or assistance by the teachers. They were not allowed to attend inside the class. If the untouchables needed to drink water, someone from the higher caste would have to pour water from a height as they were refrained to touch either the water or the vessel that contains water. This was usually performed for the young Ambedkar by the school peon, and if the peon was not available then he had to go without water; the situation he later in his writings described as “No peon, No Water”. He was to sit on a gunny sack which he had to take home with him everytime.

Among his brothers and sisters, only Ambedkar succeeded in passing his examinations and graduating to a high school. His authentic surname Ambavadekar is derived from his native village ‘Ambavade’. Mahadev Ambedkar his Brahmin teacher, who was fond of Ambedkar, changed his surname from ‘Ambavadekar’ to his own surname ‘Ambedkar’ in school records.

In the year 1897, his family moved to Bombay where Ambedkar became the only untouchable enrolled and attended at Elphinstone High School.

In 1913, he moved to the United States as he had been awarded a Baroda State Scholarship of £11.50 (Sterling) per month for three years under a scheme established by the Gaekwar of Baroda to provide opportunities for postgraduate education at the Columbia University in New York City. Soon after arriving there he settled in the rooms at Livingston Hall with Naval Bhathena, a Parsi who was to be Ambedkar’s lifelong friend. He passed his M.A. majoring in Economics, with Sociology, History, Philosophy and Anthropology as other subjects of study in June, 1915; he presented a thesis, Ancient Indian Commerce. B.R. Ambedkar was the first Indian to pursue a doctorate in economics from foreign university.

In 1916 he completed his second thesis, National Dividend of India-A Historic and Analytical Study and finally he received his PhD in Economics in 1927 for his third thesis, after he left for London.

In 1923 he took his D.Sc.in Economics, and the same year he was called to the Bar by Gray’s Inn. His 3rd and 4th Doctorates that is in (Ll.D, Columbia, 1952 and Ll.D., Osmania, 1953) were conferred upon him honoris causa. Incidentally, in 1917 he travelled separately from his collection of books, which were lost when the ship that the collection on which they were dispatched was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine.

Ambedkar was bound to serve the Princely State of Baroda as he was educated by the Princely State of Baroda. Ambedkar in turn was appointed as the Military Secretary to the Gaikwad but he had to quit within a short period of time. He described the incident in his autobiography called “Waiting for a Visa”. After quitting, he tried to find ways to make a living for his growing family. Ambedkar worked as a private tutor, as an accountant, and in turn established an investment consulting business. It failed when his clients found that he was an untouchable. In 1918 he became a Professor of Political Economy in the Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics in Bombay. Even though he was successful with the students of the institution, other professors objected to his sharing the same drinking-water jug that they all used.

Ambedkar had been invited to testify before the Southborough Committee, which was preparing the Government of India Act of 1919. Before the committee, Ambedkar argued for creating separate electorates and reservations for untouchables and other religious communities.

While practicing law in the Bombay High Court, he tried to uplift the untouchables in order to educate them. He firstly organised an attempt to achieve this by forming the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha, which was designed to promote education and socio-economic improvement, as well as the welfare of “outcastes”, also referred as the depressed classes. To protect the Dalits and protection of such rights he started many periodicals like Mook Nayak, Bahishkrit Bharat, and Equality Janta.

The Mahad Satyagraha of 1927 was one of the defining moments in Ambedkar’s political thought and action. It was held in the small town of Mahad in Maharashtra. The Mahad Satyagraha was held 3 years prior to Mahatma Gandhi’s Dandi March. Ambedkar’s crusade was concentrating on Drinking Water while salt was the centre of Gandhi’s campaign. By leading a group of Dalits to drink water from Chavadar Lake in Mahad, Ambedkar didn’t just assert the right of Dalits to take water from public water sources, he sowed the seeds of Dalit emancipation.

Ambedkar played a key role in establishment of Reserve Bank of India in 1935 that he presented to the Hilton Young Commission.

As the member for Labour in the Viceroy’s Council from 1942 to 1946, Dr Ambedkar was instrumental in bringing several labour reforms. The change of working hours from 12 hours to 8 hours was initiated by him in the 7th session of Indian Labour Conference in New Delhi in November 1942.

Upon India’s Transfer of Power to leaders of High Cast on 15 August 1947, the new Congress-led government invited B.R Ambedkar to serve as the nation’s first Law Minister, which he accepted. On 29th August, he was appointed as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, charged by the Assembly to write India’s new Constitution. Granville Austin has described the Indian Constitution as the ‘first and foremost a social document’.

It took Ambedkar 2 years & 11 months’ time to prepare the Constitution of the World’s Largest Democracy and came to be known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. Ambedkar has made research on different constitutions which were available at that time but preparing the Constitution under 3 years is a huge achievement.

Ambedkar resigned from the cabinet in 1951 following the hindrance in parliament regarding his draft of the Hindu Code Bill, which sought to expound gender equality in the laws of inheritance and marriage. Ambedkar later, independently contested to an election in 1952 to the Lok Sabha, but was defeated in the Bombay (North Central) constituency by a little-known Narayan Sadoba Kajrolkar by 14561 votes. He was appointed to the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) in March 1952 and remained as member till death.

Article 370 in the Constitution was greatly opposed by Ambedkar, which gives a special status to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and it was added against his wishes.

According to Ambedkar the industrialization and agricultural industry growth could enhance the economy of the nation. He stressed on the idea of investing money in the agricultural sector as the primary industry of India.

Ambedkar married twice, first to Ramabai and next to Dr. Sharada Kabir.

He framed many laws for Woman Labors of India. Which includes Mines Maternity Benefit, Woman Labour Welfare Fund, Woman & Child, and Labour Protection Act.

He studied Buddhism all his life, and around 1950, he turned his attention fully to Buddhism and travelled to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to attend a meeting of the World Fellowship of Buddhists. While dedicating a new Buddhist Vihara near Pune, Ambedkar revealed that he was writing a book on Buddhism, and that as soon as it was finished, he planned to make a conversion to Buddhism.

Bhimayana: Experiences of Untouchability is a graphic novel narrates episodes from the life of Ambedkar using Pardhan-Gond style by Durgabai Vyam and Subhash Vyam. The book published was identified as one of the top 5 political graphic novel by the CNN. Author Prabhakar Joshi, began writing a biography on Ambedkar in Sanskrit in 2004. Prabhakar Joshi completed the work, Bhimayan, comprises 1577 shlokas and is intended as an atonement for the injustice done to the young B.R. Ambedkar by some teachers.

A 20-page autobiographical story written by Ambedkar in 1935-36 (after his return from America and Europe), Waiting for a Visa is a book thatdraws from his experiences with untouchability, starting from his childhood. This book is used as a textbook in Columbia University, New York (USA).

In Ambedkar’s book “Thoughts on Linguistic States” (published in the year 1995), he suggested splitting Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. After 45 years from the date of finishing the book, the split finally came with the formation of Jharkhand out of Bihar and Chhattisgarh out of Madhya Pradesh.

Ambedkar was the pioneer of multipurpose river valley projects in India. He initiated the Damodar Valley project, the Bhakra Nangal Dam project, the Son River Valley project and Hirakud dam project. Ambedkar established the Central Water Commission to promote the development of irrigation projects at both the Central and the State level.

India’s power sector development was because of the spark ignited by Ambedkar. Ambedkar established the Central Technical Power Board (CTPB) and Central Electricity Authority to explore the potential of and establish hydel and thermal power stations. He also emphasized on the need for a grid system (which India still relies on) and well-trained electrical engineers in India.

B.R. Ambedkar is one of the major reformist who paved way for further development and his vision for better India still lives on. Dr B.R. Ambedkar is the messiah of Dalits and downtrodden in India. In spite of childhood hardships and poverty Ambedkar with his hard work and dedication went on to become the highest educated Indian of his generation.He is one of the greatest leaders of India who always stood for the equality of Untouchables and other lower castes. He was an activist who demanded social equality and justice. He was the forefather of Republic India. Thus, Dr B.R. Ambedkar was a leader who throughout his life fought for justice and equality.

The post 26 Interesting facts about Dr. B.R. Ambedkar appeared first on Legal Desire.

26 Interesting facts about Dr. B.R. Ambedkar published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

0 notes

margdarsanme · 5 years ago

Text

NCERT Class 12 History Chapter 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond

NCERT Class 12 History Solutions

Chapter 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q 1. How did Mahatma Gandhi seek to identify with the common people?

Q 2. How was Mahatma Gandhi perceived by the peasants ?

These sources were diffferent from the official accounts. This is manifested in the following points:

via Blogger https://ift.tt/3iCrCIb

#Blogger #NCERT Class 12 History

0 notes

margdarsanme · 5 years ago

Text

NCERT Class 12 History Chapter 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond

NCERT Class 12 History Solutions

Chapter 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q 1. How did Mahatma Gandhi seek to identify with the common people?

Q 2. How was Mahatma Gandhi perceived by the peasants ?

These sources were diffferent from the official accounts. This is manifested in the following points:

via Blogger https://ift.tt/3iCrCIb

#Blogger #NCERT Class 12 History

0 notes