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Ralts report, made by me! Enjoy
Physical features:
Ralts bone structure is quite simple. Its head is large and spherical, making up a little more than 1/3 of its body. It has green hair in the resemblance of a bowl cut, and 2 pinkish-red horns on the top of its head, which are actually vital organs responsible for its emotional bearings. Ralts eyes are usually matching the color of its horns and are not very visible unless looking at the Ralts from certain angles. Ralts do have ears and noses, but they are very small and not viewable. The neck is slim and small, which studies have shown that it does not support the large head, but rather psychic energy keeps it up. It has no shoulders, as the upper arms simply come straight out of the very upper torso. Around the middle of the arms is an elbow that connects the lower arm and wrist. Ralts do not have visible fingers/claws or paws, but rather flexible flippers that can wrap around things. The legs are small and short, but do not have any knees, as Ralts move their whole leg at once. Ralts fur becomes longer at the legs which hides their true foot, however Ralts feet are circled and do not have any visible toes or claws. #pokemon #ralts #pokemonbiology
Breeding:
Ralts come in multiple breeds, based on regions and characteristics. Here is a list of ralts breeds:
1. Domestic: ralts born domesticated may be more social with others, but are the weakest of all breeds.
2. Pure Hoeen: ralts born in the hoenn wild will be more inept to warm weather. Some ralts may even have the ability to stay afloat in water.
3. Pure sinnoh: ralts born in the sinnoh region will be more inept to cold weather and snow.
4. Pure kalos: ralts born in urban kalos will be extremely shy but slightly more competitive in battle
5. Pure galar: ralts born in galar can be inept to the cold, but are very weak
6. Sinnoh-johto swarm: ralts in swarms are weak and have extremely low life expectancies
Communities/habitat
Ralts live in communites around 0.5 miles long in grassy meadows. The communities are designed to be shaped likes huge ovals. Before sexual maturity, Ralts live with their bloodline families. Living spaces are constructed of large logs being stacked with moss and straw being the roofing. Communities have a socialist type of operating, as everyone is guaranteed food and shelter. Other points of interest inside a community are small farms where ralts can be seen planting seeds and harvesting by hand. Shelters are on the outskirts of the colony, providing emergency cover for Pokémon attacks, extremely dangerous storms and freak accidents. Lastly, daycare areas are watched by certain gardevoirs to provide ralts safety. Kirlias are not in communities, as they spend their time finding a mate and preparing to evolve into gallade or gardevoir based on their sex.
Other forms of habitats:
In a recent test, 97% of ralts live in communities, however there are some other instances of ralts living in proximity. One of those is homesteads. These are families of ralts, gardevoir, and gallade that choose to not live in communities but rather by themselves. This gives them a lower chance to be "singled out" by packs of aggressive Pokémon, but are less likely to survive in numbers if so. It also promotes foraging for food and supplies, and its many hazards. The second type are "ralts clans." These are disorganized, small groups of ralts that live together. This often happens when a group of ralts that are lost, abandoned, or escaping from termination from their community band together. Unironically, a decent amount of ralts in these odd "clans" have mental/physical syndromes. These "clans" usually don't last long, as no supervision from adults often lead to an easy target for predators. Like the "clans" even larger ralts swarms have been reported in johto, as These ralts have been unsuccessful as a breed.
In case of a threat:
Like all Pokémon, ralts and their eveloutionary lines are not inevitable to danger. This is a chart showing a list of possible and recorded attacks, and how a community usually solves it.
1. Pokémon attack: adults escort ralts to the shelter, while providing cover from the fauna. Infants are sent in first, then the rest of the ralts. Remaining adults attack the fauna. If a decent amount of adults fighting the fauna become casualties, absurdly, remaining adults tend to send ralts out of fight. If that does not work, remaining adults will guide the remaining ralts to a safer location.
2. Storm: normal storms like rain, snow, and thunder do not require this, but natural disasters such as tornadoes, forest fires, earthquakes, etc. ralts are escorted to the shelter by adults, who can redirect storms with physic power. If unsuccessful, remaining members of the colony retreat to a safer location.
Social structures:
While most psychic Pokémon are deemed as shy and botherless, Ralts have it tough compared to most Pokémon. Ralts and their families are structured similar to domestic families of humans. Ralts most of the time have a gallade "father" present as well as a gardevoir "mother." Other domestic Ralts treat each other as "siblings." Ralts that are not family but in the community are treated as peers or even friends. Non domestic gallade and gardevoir are treated as "adults." Ralts without both parents are usually voluntarily adopted by other family units in the community. Families share food, sleep under the same roof, and provide care for each other. During the first month of living, baby Ralts are put in daycares for most of the day under watch of some gardevoir. These daycares are inside the big oval of the community. Daycares must be watched after by adults due to the Ralts wandering off or the case of emergency. After these few months, Ralts are given tasks. Often asked to pick berries from bushes or replace seeds. Ralts do not get any pay or reward for their labor. Ralts are often pushed by older peers, siblings, or adults to act more like their genders, male Ralts tend to act more chivalrous during the process of evolving into kirlia. This act has been more forced and used now that dawn stones are given to most of kirlias or even mandatory. In communities, Ralts that are born terminally ill or with disabilities are often moved to a different location moments after they were born so they cannot find their way back. Families/residents of the community that are disliked are sometimes exiled or driven out of the community for good. From a young age, ralts are told by adults that things such as male Kirlia not evolving into gallade and being unable to evolve as disrespect and "sins" for their behavior.
Mating and courtship:
It's a large misconception that Ralts cannot bear babies. However, this is avoided by most Ralts as this can lead to major health problems for the baby, including an extreme undersized body. Couples tend to mate when they are fully evolved, as they are fully developed themselves and can defend their young successfully. Courtship starts when Ralts pick a berry. The Ralts then find a partner that mutually enjoy each other's berries. Since most Ralts are almost identical, physical features are not often looked into or considered when choosing a mate. However, Ralts with disabilities, injuries, or illness are usually rejected by others. Ralts are at sexual maturity at ages of 10-11, as their hair hardens slightly in preparation to evolve into kirlia. Ralts usually are partners for life. Mating is usually quick and easy, as it takes the tip of the males reproductive organ to the females cloacal reproductive vent. egg cycle is often 19 weeks. After hatching, all Male Ralts are given dawn stones as coming of birth, as this has been more common for all newborn boy Ralts in all regions. Baby Ralts are nursed by parents until they are old enough to begin mingling in the community. When the ralts evolve into kirlia at sexual maturity, they immediately leave their home community and find a mate. Once a mate is found, they meet with other pairs and begin to construct a community of their own. This is so the evolutionary lines can repopulate and avoid inbreeding.
Evolution process:
Ralts can only evolve into kirlia at sexual maturity. Ralts also can not evolve if they are not strong enough at time of sexual maturity, causing a process called Exvolving. The ralts Deoxyribonucleic Acid will literally grow too large for their small and simple body structures and cause the victims vital organs to implode. Other humanoid and amorphous pokemon such as Abra, Machop, Gastly, and more share this feature.
Diet:
For the majority of being an infant, ralts drink just milk. They prefer their mother's milk, but can become adapt to formulated milk. They eat berries, seeds, and fruit, as plant material is too complex for their small, simple systems. They enjoy sweets, (which you should absolutely not give them, by any means.) giving them processed food will give them extremely severe diarrhea. Ralts can eat meat, but choose not to due to the concept of hurting and killing. However, in desperate times of famine or starvation, they will eat meat, which sometimes is their own kin; during very hard times, ralts will eat weaker newborns. Some studies have even shown ralts on the verge of deadly starvation will eat whatever.
Known predators:
Ralts are very wide and open types of meals to other fauna, due to the fact their meat is tasty and tender, as the younger the Ralts the more tasty the meat, combined with the fact of their low intelligence and no ability to defend themselves. From a scale of rarity, This is a list of known predators, which are included but not limited to:
1. Raticate, Meowth, Persian, sneasel, houndoom, mightyena, liepard, youngoos, gumshoos, paras, parasect,
2. Nuzleaf, shiftry, lairon, salandit, salazle, malamar, pinsir, skorupi, drapion, graveler, golem, seviper
3. Pupitar, tyranitar, bagon, salamance, aggron, gible, gabite, Garchomp, Deino, zweilous, hydragon
4. Other Ralts: Some research has found that cases of cannibalism are extremely rare
Illness:
Ralts are a one of the most receptive pokemon in terms of illness. They get colds every few months and having a fever over 100 could be life threatening. They have an odd case of something called "ralts pox," where they could get chicken pox and keep the spottings. Hand, Foot, Mouth are also permanent, keeping the spots and the sores. In most cases, pokemon centers usually can cure them and give the ralts a full recovery. Stomach Bugs are extremely bad for ralts and their colonies, as their diarrhea from ralts can destroy trees and healthy air system. Ralts under trainership or captivity are given vaccines to prevent dangerous germs. However, wild Ralts cannot. There have been Ralts found with tumors in thle brain, testicles, breasts, lungs, pancreas, and bones. Ralts are subject to common colds and fevers, sometimes even escalating to pneumonia.
How to perform a health exam on your ralts:
Please make sure the required objects provided with this guide are in close proximity to you while performing the exam. Review the horns on the ralts head if they are damaged or not. For the second exam, withdraw the swab and thermometer from the packet and have your ralts be in a lying, relaxed, position. Carefully place the swab inside the anal cavity of the ralts until the swab is halfway in. Remove the swab slowly and review the coloring on the swab. Greener color means healthier, while orange, yellow, and red are unhealthy. After this, please have your ralts sit on a toilet where it's samples can be collected. To review the sample, withdraw the stool comparison card and match your ralts sample with one of the images on the diagram. The final step of the exam is based on its sex. Please withdraw the sexual reproductive organ comparison card from the packet provided with this guide. Make sure it is for the right gender. (Males are highlighted in blue while females are highlighted in pink.) review your ralts sexual reproductive organ and match it to one of the images on the diagram. When complete, withdraw the overall scoresheet for the health exam. Here is the scoresheet: after completing the scoresheet, calculate an average score.
Rare syndromes and mental disfunctions:
Ralts can be plagued with numbers of hindering disabilities, Disorders, and birth sickness. Here is the list:
Dyslexia: A birth trait by all ralts is the ability to read text. Dyslexia is a less harmful disorder, but can still affect it from learning/using TMs HMs
Deafness: Deafness is a serious disability that rarely shows up on ralts. Ralts born in colonies, even with elders, are helpless and will likely not survive for longer than a day. In captivity or under traineeship, there are types of hearing-aids designed for ralts. If a deaf ralts is strong, it will not have a problem with communication due to telepathy.
Blindness: Blindness is another serious disability that can happen to ralts. Ralts born in colonies are still likely helpless and captivity can't do much either. More intelligent ralts can use Braille, that many blind humans use.
defocitis: Defocitis is the inflammation of the intestines. This illness occurs at birth and is unfortunately incurable until the age of 1. defocitis effect is that if a ralts with this illness eats a meal, about a couple hours later, when it needs to deffocate, it deposits much more than usual. (4ft worth of droppings.) Unfortunately, most ralts with defocitis die of "overgas," which is when a ralts with the illness deffocates so much that it's organs get sucked out of the body. A ralts with defocitis will usually need to use the bathroom 15 times a day. It is a rare case that defocitis has gone to the extreme. Ralts born in communities with this are usually killed/abandoned by their own parents due to being the unpleasantness of the birth affect. Another thing to note is the ralts’ droppings are much more of a dark green then the usual grey.
Worthalosis: Worthalosis is a disability unique to ralts. A rare occurrence at birth, if an egg has twins, triplets, quadruplets in it, there is a higher chance a ralts in the egg could have it. Worthalosis is a disability where a ralts could be born without arms, legs, horns, hair. (There have been many cases where ralts are only born with 3 or 2 limbs, but it is not true worthalosis.) Proper worthalosis is a ralts who does not have both 2 arms and both 2 legs, no limbs. Unfortunately, robot limbs do not function due to the limbs disappearance also taking out the muscle vain in their triceps, the receptor for other muscles. If a gardevoir bears more children, a higher chance there could be more ralts with worthalosis, or a chance of loose body parts being inside the egg, unattached to any other ralts in the egg. Ralts with worthalosis in colonies are abandoned due to being useless, hence the origin of the name: Worth- (Certain Value) Loss- (Lose.).
Abalosis: Abalosis is a disability associated with worthalosis and also unique to ralts. Unlike losing limbs in worthalosis, the abalosis disability causes ralts to gain an extra limb. In most cases, this only adds an extra toe, which are unseeable small and hidden on the ralts body. Much major cases are ralts having extra limbs on different places on their body. Most cases of an extra arm appear on the torso, while cases of an extra leg appear on the knees. Ralts born in colonies with Abalosis usually are abandoned to die.
Other psychical mutations: Ralts can be born Siamese twins, and genetic freaks. In the wild, they are abandoned and left to die, but in captivity they are donated to scientific research. Nobody yet is sure on how this happens, but pollution and inbreeding are speculations.
Instinct and psychic evaluation:
Ralts have interesting instincts compared to many other Pokémon. In fight or flight circumstances, they will almost always choose flight. Ralts usually retreat from a threat by running, as teleport will do no good, as it will only launch them a few feet. When faced with hazard that has not been warned or described to them, they will not run from the hazard, and may even approach it, due to a lack of understanding. Another case of lack of understanding is the aforementioned fight or flight. If a threat approaches, there are cases where ralts will attempt to neutralize the threat, (which most of the time does not work.) A hindering ability about Ralts is their ability to sense emotions and their body even changes based on the different types of emotions it can beexposed to. Ralts are generally content creatures, but being exposed to negative emotions such as anger, frustration, sadness, and illness can be detrimental to their bodies. This can mean if exposed to these emotions constantly over long periods of time can weaken their immune systems, and even worse, leading to death. This process starts when organs such as the brain, lungs, heart, liver, and others very very slowly start to shrink. Your Ralts will start coughing up blood and it's hair will start to fall off gradually. It's horns, which are actually the vital organs that absorb these emotions, will start to crack and shatter off its head. As it's Psychic energy depletes, it's neck will shrink down and stop supporting its large head. Eventually, the Ralts bones and skin will flatten and deplete, leaving just a carcass that is completely flattened. This is very sad, but rare. Unfortunately, there have been reports of wild and captive Ralts attempting and/or committing suicide due to these emotions. On the bright side, ralts exposed to happy emotions such as love, victory, and joy will make your Ralts become stronger in battle and be warm to the touch. Ralts are extremely clumsy and not careful, and are very unbalanced. They have human-like vision, hearing, and smell. They have amplified taste buds, but terribly poor at sense of direction. Ralts have soft voices, and are physically incapable of deep voices. They do not have any barking, growling, or yelling for their voices but rather squeaks, coos, bubbles, and chirps. Ralts are generally extremely unintelligent, but can be extremely logistically capable it’s given the right training. Trained Ralts have been known do be capable of Equations, writing, and even musical instruments.
Training/Battle Information
having a ralts on your team will make or break it's success. A team with primarily depressed, angry, or formidable pokemon will make it unapproachable to it's teammates. On the other hand, having happy, joyful, and positive pokemon on a team will make it happy and stronger in battle. Ralts will be generally timid and docile when battling, even sometimes refusing to attack the opponent. This characteristic, although hindering, simply doesn't go away until they evolve into kirlia. Ralts will sometimes imprint on party members, especially ones that show it love back. Ralts can go into incredibly depressive states if a party member is switched. Ralts are very weak pokemon, with a 198 total base stat. They have awful, to say the least, pyshical attack and overall defensive power. They have a good amount of special attack potential, but are also averagely slow. Their additional fairy type removes their weaknesses to dark and bug types, but also adds a steel weakness. They are ultra resistent to fighting types and resistent against dragons. With a steel weakness and resistence, Ralts are impossible to use against steel pokemon. Ghost pokemon often give it trouble but if they have shadow sneak they can be easily suppressed.
Care-taking:
Ralts are one of the most needy pokemon to take care of due to it's baby like needs and unstable emotions. For bedding, it's best to put it in a crib so that it cannot escape at night. Put lot's of fluffy blankets and pillows on it's bed, and make sure it is not trying to go under the pillows, as many accounts of ralts suffocating due to this have been reported. For food, as an infant ralts should be given forumalated "baby" food, as it does not require chewing. Let your ralts sit at the table in a high chair, if available. Even as the ralts gets older, supervise it eating so it does not choke. When bathing your ralts, wash it in a bathtub or large sink. DO NOT LEAVE YOUR RALTS UNATTENDED IN THIS SITUATION. It does not know that you cannot breathe underwater. When traveling, have it in a backpack out in the open. If there is a situation where negative emotions arise, putting it in it's pokeball is best. When it is out of it's pokeball, it should be the most supervised member on your team.
Life expectancy:
Ralts have vast and varying life expectancies. This chart will include ones that evolve into kirlia and final stage eveloutions.
1-5 hours if born terminally ill, injured, or disabled in a community, where the ralts is relocated to die and not find its way back.
2-5 weeks if a member of a ralts "clan."
3-6 months if apart of a Ralts swarm.
1-2 years if in a community with little to no adults or protection
3-10 years if raised poorly under captivity or trainership.
11 years If healthy but not strong enough to evolve. If not evolved, Ralts growing dna will burst out of them and slowly shrink their bodies until they implode and void into dust.
12-20 Years if a kirlia that does not have a partner
21-40 years if a gallade or gardevoir that is exeptionally unhealthy
40-100 years if a gallade or gardevoir that is very healthy
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Diarrhea Last Longer Than 3 Days Eye-Opening Useful Tips
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My Living Nightmare Caused by Liver Disease
My nightmare started overnight, sometime in the spring of 2013. After 4 straight days of binge drinking, I woke up and immediately noticed my stomach was swollen as an 8-month pregnant woman. I lifted my bed sheets and saw a mixture of blood and pus running down my thighs.
I immediately rushed to the restroom to clean up the mess. Then, I urinated. The color was rusty looking- a mixture of orange and dark brown. I looked in the mirror and noticed that the whites of my eyes and the color of my skin was yellow.
I panicked. I knew I had a major medical problem.
I immediately rushed to the ER. The nurse drew blood, then the technicians performed an MRI and an ultrasound. About an hour later, the doctor sat beside me and regretfully informed me that I had liver cirrhosis. I quickly said, “please doctor, tell me that I can still drink?” He replied “yes, but you won’t live longer than three months” I went into shock. I couldn’t imagine my life without alcohol. Next, he inserted a thin plastic tube into my abdomen and drained about 9 liters of fluid.
Liver cirrhosis is a relentless, nasty, barbaric painful disease with no mercy whatsoever! Compared to others with this disease, my case was more severe. When I arrived home from the ER, I had a massive sharp pain running down my lower back and upper thigh, similar to a sciatic nerve, except the pain was much more intense.
The decades of alcohol and drug abuse suddenly caught up with me.
The doctor that diagnosed me with liver cirrhosis told me that he strongly recommended that I take the next flight back to the US. He informed me that the Philippines is a developing country and doesn’t have medical technology as advanced as the US. He said if I stayed there, I’ll probably die.
So, I bought a ticket for the next flight to the US, then walked to the nearest bar. It was July 18th, 2013, my birthday. It would be the last time I ever drank. I sat alone. I needed to mourn. I was devoid of any emotion. I remember gazing at the people in the bar. Most of them were smiling and laughing. However, for some strange reason, I couldn’t hear them-they were on mute.
I knew this was going to be my last drink ever. I suddenly felt like I lost my closest loved one. I relived the first time I took a sip of beer, at the tender age of five-Budweiser in a can. I remembered all the times I got arrested as a teen (13 times), for alcohol related offenses. I reminisced getting hooked on heavy drugs because of alcohol. I recalled my head getting bashed in the middle of the street by five Blood gang members from South-Central L.A. because of alcohol. I remember attempting suicide because of alcohol. I recalled the countless problems associated with alcohol. And now I am dying because of alcohol. It was at this moment, that I realized I hit rock bottom. The game was over.
So, I stared at the empty beer bottle. I had to say good-bye to something that I desperately clung onto for the past 35 years. I love the taste of alcohol. Until this day, I crave alcohol. I would much rather lock myself in my room and drink a 12 pack then go on a world cruise. You see, alcohol was my best friend, a substitute for a girlfriend, a father whom I’ve always wanted and most important, an escape from reality.
I am 53 years old, single and no kids.
I knew once I stopped drinking, I would feel like I was on national television, naked for the world to see. I would be exposed. There would be nowhere to hide. Nowhere to run. How would I adjust to living sober? What would I do every day?
When I returned to the US, my condition worsened. For the next three years, I suffered the following: nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, anemia, insomnia, swollen feet, ankles and calves, Hepatitis C, type 2 diabetes, kidney failure, several infections, two hernias, gallstones, whole body itching, permanent loss of body hair, except scalp and facial hair, a constant metallic taste in my mouth, jaundice, sluggishness, bruises on my arms and legs, craters in my cheek bones and neck, nerve pain in my feet, excruciating abdominal pain, severe weight loss (went from 210 lbs. to 136 lbs.), swollen belly, diarrhea, anxiety, paranoia, massive hallucinations so intense that I fell into three comas, partial brain damage, muscle atrophy, severe leg cramps, extreme fatigue, shortness of breath, and sharp “stabbing-like” pains all over my body. I never imagined a dreadful disease with so many symptoms and so much pain!
Imagine having all of these symptoms for three years straight. Imagine having only one of these symptoms, such as the flu for 3 years straight. After a few months, I could no longer stand the pain. I wanted out. While in the hospital, three times I asked the doctors to put me under, permanently. They stared at me for a few seconds, turned around and walked away. There was nothing the doctors nor anyone else could do. If a liver is more than 75% damaged, it’s irreversible and irreparable. A liver transplant was my only option.
I recall never feeling warm. I was anemic. Even in the summer, I would wear a tee shirt, a long-sleeved shirt, 2 sweaters, and a jacket. No matter how many clothes I wore, I would still feel like my bones were in the freezer. The chill was relentless and wouldn’t go away.
There were many instances when I didn’t know my name, who I was, where I was, or what year it was. Every time I blacked out, the EMT always asked me what year it was and who is the current president of the US. I usually replied something like “1948. Bill Clinton.”
In late 2013, I had the scare of my life. My muscles were so weak, I couldn’t get out of bed for four days. I had no water during that time. I screamed for help, but to no avail. At the time, I was living alone in the Philippines. My parents hadn’t heard from me. They were worried and called the local Red Cross chapter in Long Beach, CA. A gentleman named Mike contacted the Manila, Philippine branch for assistance.
Suddenly, I heard my front door open. A doctor, nurse, a Red Cross volunteer and my landlord appeared at my bedside. I was briefly examined, then rushed to the ER. The doctor informed me that a human can go without water for about 6 days max. If it wasn’t for the Red Cross’s quick response in coordinating my rescue, I may not be alive today!
During my two-year waiting period for a new liver, the doctors refused to give me morphine. They gave me two reasons why: one, my liver was so scarred, they were afraid I may die since opiates damage the liver. Two, I was an addict. No need for further explanation. I was prescribed only small doses of Tylenol, which did nothing to alleviate my pain.
In December 2013, my kidneys started to fail. I was on dialysis to clean my blood 3x a week for about 18 months. I couldn’t urinate for about 15 months straight. My kidneys failed to extract urine from my body. All the fluids I drank remained in my abdomen. This condition is known as ascites.
Every 5–6 days my stomach would start to balloon. As a result, my abdominal organs would suffocate from the weight of the fluid. I suffered a constant shortness of breath. I would keep my mouth wide open, gasping for air until my jaws ached. I felt like a fish out of water. Worse, I would experience massive abdominal pain. It felt like an elephant stepped on my stomach and wouldn’t get off.
My most painful experience was after my liver and kidney transplant. My surgery took about 17 hours. I ended up with massive amounts of blood clots settling at the tip of my penis. The nurses had to remove them. Every 2 hours around the clock, for the next 14 days they used a motorized pump with a plastic tube the diameter of a drinking straw, shoved it inside my penis and sucked out the blood clots. The pain was excruciating and barbaric.
You have no idea how sensitive the inside of a penis is. Extracting the blood clots felt like ripping off a finger nail and repeatedly stabbing the top of the skin with a sharp knife!
When I was in the hospital, prior to my transplant, my step- father collapsed right in front of the nursing station from a heart attack. I think it was from all the stress. What better place to have a heart attack?
I felt so helpless. My mother is old and there are just the three of us. Shortly after I was diagnosed with cirrhosis, my step-father quit his job and didn’t work for four years, so he could help my mother take care of me. I was a handful. It took around the clock supervision to take care of me. I would constantly scream in the middle of the night from either scorching pain or hallucinations. Since my mother is old, my father didn’t want her to be my sole caregiver.
The scariest events were the hallucinations. These were worse than nightmares. Unlike a nightmare, you’re awake during a hallucination. In your mind, it is real- it doesn’t just feel real.
I suffered what is known as hepatic encephalopathy. This condition occurs when the liver loses its capacity to eliminate toxins from the bloodstream. As a result, massive amounts of toxins flowed through my brain. This causes mass confusion and ultimately hallucinations. At higher toxicity levels, coma and even death may occur.
The feeling is very similar to a bad PCP trip. Every time my toxin level would skyrocket, I had a horrendously bad trip. One older ER doctor told my mother he never seen a patient with such high levels of ammonia. He said that normal ammonia levels are 15–45. My level was 503!
Once when I was at the hospital, I thought the walls were infested with snakes. I could hear the constant hissing sound. I knew I had to get rid of them. I didn’t want them to swarm me. So, I grabbed my walker and strolled down to the cafeteria. Next, I went to the kitchen, grabbed a butcher knife and began cutting out the hospital walls! Pieces of drywall were everywhere. People were staring at me as though I had lost my mind! Security rushed me, tackled me and I ended up in restraints- one of 17 times during a three-year period.
Another time, I believed my sitting nurse was an alien trying to kidnap me and take me to another planet. This guy was intimidating. He was about 6′3′’, 270 lbs. I saw a syringe filled with what I believed to be poison in his left hand. I could hear the drops of liquid splattering on the tile floor as he glared at me.
My “captive” had an identical twin brother standing about 5 feet to his left. His twin was also holding a poison-filled syringe. They somehow managed to communicate to each other not through words, but via thoughts! I was horrified. They both had a stern look on their face. They constantly glanced at each other, then glared back at me. I sensed they were discussing which one was going to put me under. It was so bizarre.
I screamed and kicked so violently, security and staff had to restrain me. Without fail, the next day I awoke, strapped down with a rubber ball in my mouth, not knowing what the hell happened.
There was, however, one comedic event while hallucinating. At home, I was in the restroom for a very long time. When I came out, my mother asked me who the heck I was talking to. I paused, then replied “Calvin.” She said “Calvin who?” I replied “Calvin Klein.”
When I was on the toilet, I was staring at my underwear, which were down to my ankles. The name Calvin Klein was embroidered at the top. Apparently, I thought my underwear was the famous designer in the flesh! So, I’m sitting there, having a one-way conversation with my underwear! Don’t ask me what “we” discussed. I have no idea.
Another time, I believed several of my male nurses were posing as DEA agents. They were trying to arrest me. The DEA suspected me of assisting the Columbians with developing strategic drug smuggling routes to the US. The nurses wouldn’t stop staring at me. So, I waited until one of them wasn’t looking, and snuck up behind him. I stripped off my hospital gown, wrapped it around his neck and proceeded to choke him. Someone called security. When they arrived, I threatened them that I would choke the “agent” to death if they approached me.
I felt like an absolute madman. I recall that my eyes widened, and my facial expression looked like Charles Manson when he was pissed off. I remember possessing this enormous amount of strength. I had no idea where it came from. I threw the nurse to the floor like a ragdoll. For some odd reason I remember being extremely angry and paranoid. My toxin levels were through the roof.
Security kept their distance. I recall the presence of doctors, nurses and hospital staff in the background. The doctors were calm, but a couple of the nurses were hysterical. Security was ranting on their walkie talkies. About 5–6 minutes later, a handful of cops stormed through the hospital doors and surrounded me with their weapons pointed at me.
I kept hearing a doctor telling the police not to shoot-that I was hallucinating. A few minutes later, a nurse that took care of me and whom I was closest to started talking to me in a very calm manner. She kept telling me to relax, that everything was going to be ok. She kept telling me that I was under an enormous amount of stress and that I’m just having a bad day.
She kept asking me to slowly loosen my grip and relax. She then told me that my doctors will take care of me-that everything will be ok. At first, I thought she was part of the conspiracy. I was suspicious. However, I kept recalling how she always cared for me. I recalled the numerous times when she went beyond her duties as a nurse and was always there for me in my time of duress. She felt like a second mother.
About 20 minutes later my hallucination started to wear off. Since I trusted my nurse, I loosened my grip on the nurse that I had a stranglehold on. Next, the cops told the nurse to slowly stand and walk away. After that, the police started barking instructions at me. They told me to drop to my knees with my back facing them. Next, they told me to keep my arms raised high in the air. I complied. After that, they slowly approached me and told me to put my hands behind my back. Then, they proceeded to handcuff me.
A nurse arrived with a gurney. A couple of nurses lifted me on the gurney. The police immediately handcuffed both my wrists to the side bars. They wheeled me to the ER. A moment later a nurse injected me with a sedative. I immediately felt very relaxed and drowsy. Once again, I woke up the next day strapped to my bed wondering what the hell happened.
My ammonia levels were so high that I fell into a coma three times. The longest period was 23 days. About the 20th day, my doctors advised my parents to “get things in order.” They didn’t think I would make it. They feared my toxin levels were so high that if I awoke from the coma, I would be a vegetable. So, the hospital called hospice and they spoke with my parents about my living arrangements for my final days.
My mother fumed and told both hospice and my doctors that no matter what, she was not giving up. A while back, I told my mother if I was ever in a situation where I couldn’t make a life or death decision on my own, I didn’t want the doctors to pull the plug-no matter how much pain I was in.
When I awoke from my 23-day coma, I had no idea where I was. I felt as though I was a million miles from earth. Everything was extremely peaceful. I asked my sitting nurse where I was. He informed me I was in the hospital. I had no idea what a hospital was.
After I awoke, I was immediately bumped up the transplant list from #247 to #2. My failed kidneys were a blessing in disguise. My doctor told me that since both organs were failing, I had a much higher chance of dying. As a result, I was moved up the list very fast.
A couple weeks later, I was elevated to #1 on the transplant list. My nurse informed me that any day I should be expecting new organs. Cool. I asked her “how are the organs delivered?” She told me via helicopter. She said there’s a landing pad on the top of the hospital. I recall I would get excited every time I heard a loud noise outside.
Approximately 10 days later, my nurse rushed in my room and cheerfully informed me that the organs are on their way. She told me the doctor will call me soon to discuss the details. I found it odd that a physician would call me on the phone.
About 20 minutes later, the doctor called. He told me that he was at blah blah prison. He said a 41-year-old male just committed suicide by hanging himself in his cell. He informed me the prisoner was an organ donor. The doctor told me that the prison officials gave he and a couple of other physicians with him only 15 minutes to visually inspect the organs. The doctor told me the organs appeared to be fine. He asked me if I wanted them. Since I was very confused at the time, I replied “what would you do if you were in my shoes?” He paused and said, “I would take them.” So, I did.
Later, the doctors told me they had a difficult time deciding whom shall receive the organs. It was between me and the patient next door. They informed me they select the beneficiary that has the greatest probability of surviving the operation. I was told I had about a 50% chance of surviving the surgery. That was higher than the other patient. My doctor said the other patient was weaker than me, hence the reason they chose me.
Prior to my transplant, the strangest thing happened. Thoughts continuously flooded my mind, at least 500 times during a two-year period. They kept telling me to share my story at AA, NA and high schools. Never in my life had I experienced recurring thoughts with no apparent ending. What am I supposed to make of this?
I spent hundreds of hours thinking about this and the only conclusion I could make is that God put these thoughts in my head. What other logical reason could it be? So, I made a covenant with God. I begged Him if He let me live, I would spend the rest of my life helping other addicts get clean.
On August 5, 2015, at 11:00 am, I had a liver and kidney transplant. I must admit, aside from the hallucinations, it was the scariest event I’ve ever endured. I never felt so alone in my life. I never forgot what I was up against: heads I survive, tails I die. My destiny was completely out of my hands. At this point, there was nothing my family, the priest or the doctors could say or do to guarantee me that I would survive.
Well, the surgery was a success. It took 17 hours. I had no complications, except massive chronic back pain that shoots through my body whenever I move.
After the transplant, I often wondered how I lived. Why did I get so lucky? Was God looking over me all this time? Was it His plan? What did I ever do for Him to deserve this? For some strange reason, I feel that I am destined to live. Maybe He’s telling me that it’s just not my time to go. I don’t know. Even three years later, tears stream down my face for no apparent reason. Like now. I’m not quite sure if they are tears of happiness, sadness or the trauma I suffered. Perhaps, it’s a mixture of all three.
On July 18, 2018, I accomplished something I never ever imagined- I celebrated five years of sobriety from alcohol. It’s been an incredibly difficult journey. The old Joe always succumbed to temptation. But I’m not the same person anymore. I’ll be damned if I’ll go through another living nightmare again.
I’ve been in bed for the past eight years. It’s so frustrating because there is nothing I could do about it. My inactivity has caused my muscle atrophy to return. My legs are like jelly again. Also, my lower back scorches with pain whenever I move. As a result, I have to sleep sitting up. The pain is so severe, I’m in bed an average of 23 and a half hours a day. The only time I get out of bed is to visit the doctor. I tried walking a few times, but my knees buckled, and I fell each time.
I’ve seen three doctors so far. They did x-rays, MRI’s, and CAT scans but can’t find the source of my back pain. My insurance company won’t allow me to see a back-pain specialist or get physical therapy because I already seen three physicians. With your help, I plan to see a specialist and get physical therapy soon. Also, not only will I be able to walk again, but you’ll indirectly save other drug addicts’ lives. I know by sharing my story with addicts and high school kids, some of them will be able to realize the extreme psychological and physical trauma that alcohol and drug can cause and turn their lives around.
I always wondered what’s the purpose of life. I spent many years trying to figure it out. I can’t speak for anyone else, but I know what mine is.
My Living Nightmare with Liver Disease. Liver cirrhosis is a relentless, barbaric, non-stop, excruciating painful disease with no mercy whatsoever! Witness the real horror as it unfolds prior to my liver and kidney transplant. Please help me walk again by donating now-even if it’s only $5, it would help me tremendously! www.gofundme.com/dreaming-to-walk-again
Please share my story with friends and family so that I may walk again. Thank you so much!
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Potatoes
Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Potatoes
You're reading: Potatoes
Our Potato Growing Guide covers planting, growing, and harvesting one of our favorite vegetables! Also, see tips on how to store potatoes to keep them fresh—and some homemade potato recipes.
About Potatoes
Potatoes can be planted very early in the gardening season—as you soon as the frost is out of the soil and you are able to work the soil!
Folklore offers many “best days” for planting potatoes:
Old-timers in New England planted their potato crops when they saw dandelions blooming in the open fields.
The Pennsylvania Dutch considered St. Gertrude’s Day (March 17, aka St. Patrick’s Day) to be their official potato-planting day.
Many Christians believed that Good Friday was the best day to plant potatoes because the devil holds no power over them at this time.
See more information about planting potatoes below.
Planting
When to Plant Potatoes
Potatoes prefer cool weather.
In Northern regions, some gardeners will plant the first crop of early-maturing potatoes in early to mid-April, 6 to 8 weeks before the average last frost date or as soon as the soil can be worked; they can survive some cool weather but the threat of frost is a gamble. If there is a threat of frost at night, temporarily cover any sprouted foliage with mulch or an artificial covering such as old sheets or plastic containers (and be sure to remember to remove the coverings in the morning).
To avoid frost, consider starting potatoes 0 to 2 weeks after your last spring frost. You may plant earlier, as soon as soil can be worked, but be aware that some crops may be ruined by a frost or overly wet soil.
The soil, not the calendar, will tell you when it’s time to plant. The temperature of the soil should—ideally—be at least 50°F (10°C). The soil should also not be so wet that it sticks together and is hard to work. Let it dry out a bit first. Like other seeds, potato seed pieces will rot if planted in ground that’s too wet.
In Southern regions, potatoes can be grown as a winter crop and planting times range from September to February. Where winters are relatively mild, you can plant a fall crop in September. In central Florida, gardeners plant potatoes in January; and in Georgia they plant in February.
See our Planting Guide for the best dates to plant by zip code or postal code.
Read more: Why did Samuel Pepys bury his cheese, and other pressing questions – Oxbow Books
Preparing the Planting Site
Potatoes grow best in cool, well-drained, loose soil that is about 45° to 55°F (7° to 13°C).
Choose a location that gets full sun—at least 6 hours of sunlight each day.
Grow potatoes in rows spaced about 3 feet apart.
With a hoe or round-point shovel, dig a trench about 6 inches wide and 8 inches deep, tapering the bottom to about 3 inches wide.
Spread and mix in fully-rotted manure or organic compost in the bottom of the trench before planting. (Learn more about soil amendments and preparing soil for planting.)
Preparing seed potatoes for planting. Photo by tanyss/Getty Images.
How to Plant Potatoes
In each trench, place a seed potato piece (cut side down) every 12 to 14 inches and cover with 3 to 4 inches of soil.
If your garden soil is very rocky, put the seed potato pieces directly on the ground. Sprinkle with a mix of soil and compost. Cover them with straw or leaves, hilling the material up as the potatoes grow.
The best starters are seed potatoes. Do not confuse seed potatoes with potato seeds or grocery produce! Select seed potatoes which have protruding eyes (buds).
Use a clean, sharp paring knife to cut large potatoes into pieces that are roughly the size of a golf ball, making sure that there are at least 2 eyes on each piece. (Potatoes that are smaller than a hen’s egg should be planted whole.)
If you are cutting up potato pieces yourself, do so 1 to 2 days ahead of planting. This will give them the chance to “heal” and form a protective layer over the cut surface, improving both moisture retention and rot resistance.
12 to 16 days after planting, when sprouts appear, use a hoe to gently fill in the trench with another 3 to 4 inches of soil, leaving a few inches of the plants exposed. Repeat in several weeks, leaving the soil mounded up 4 to 5 inches above ground level (this is called “hilling” and is explained more here.).
After the potato plants have emerged, add organic mulch between the rows to conserve moisture, help with weed control, and cool the soil.
Check out this excellent video to see how to plant potatoes.
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Care
How to Grow Potatoes
Hilling Potatoes
A critical part of growing potatoes is to not let their tubers (i.e., the potato crop) be exposed to sunlight for too long. Exposed tubers will turn green and produce a toxic compound called solanine, which makes them bitter, inedible, and potentially nausea-inducing.
To combat this, we employ a technique called hilling.
Hilling is simple: As a potato plant grows, it produces a main stem with leaves and flowers aboveground. Meanwhile, underground, tubers form on secondary stems that branch off from the main stem. In order to prevent shallow tubers from being exposed to sunlight and to encourage the plant to keep producing more tubers, a few inches of soil are periodically “hilled” up around the base of the stem. This is typically done three to four times during the season.
Tips for growing and hilling potatoes:
Do the hilling in the morning, when plants are at their tallest. During the heat of the day, plants start drooping.
Maintain even moisture, especially from the time when sprouts appear until several weeks after they blossom. The plants need 1 to 2 inches of water per week. If you water too much right after planting and not enough as the potatoes begin to form, the tubers can become misshapen.
The last hilling should be done before the potato plants bloom, when the aboveground part of the plant is at least a foot tall. Hoe the dirt up around the base of the plant in order to cover the tubers as well as to support the plant.
Practice yearly crop rotation with potatoes.
Pests/Diseases
Potato Scab: Most likely caused by a high soil pH. Remember: Potatoes like acidic soil (do not plant in soil with a pH higher than 5.2). Dust seed potatoes with sulfur before planting. Some readers suggest adding pine straw on top of the potatoes when planting for natural anti-bacterial elements.
Colorado potato beetles need to be hand-picked and predatory birds will often eat them. While they’re in the nymph state, they can be controlled with diatomaceous earth (food grade) which is a non-toxic way to control pests in the garden. If they continue to be a problem, a few sprays of Spinosad, an organic pesticide, will get rid of the beetles. Always use products at dawn or dusk to avoid harming beneficial insects.
Aphids
Flea Beetles
Early/Late Blight
Harvest/Storage
When to Harvest Potatoes
Regular potatoes are ready to harvest when the foliage begins to die back. (See each variety for days to maturity.) The tops of the plants need to have completely died before you begin harvesting.
“New potatoes,” which are potatoes that are purposefully harvested early for their smaller size and tender skin, will be ready for harvest 2 to 3 weeks after the plants stop flowering. New potatoes should not be cured and should be eaten within a few days of harvest, as they will not keep for much longer than that.
Toughen up potatoes for storage before harvest by not watering them much after mid-August.
Dig up a test hill to see how mature the potatoes are. The skins of mature potatoes are thick and firmly attached to the flesh. If the skins are thin and rub off easily, your potatoes are still too new and should be left in the ground for a few more days.
Potatoes can tolerate light frost, but when the first hard frost is expected, it’s time to get out the shovels and start digging potatoes.
How to Harvest Potatoes
Cut the brown foliage off and leave the potatoes for 10 to 14 more days before you harvest. This allows the potatoes to develop a thick enough skin. Don’t wait too long, though, or the potatoes may rot (especially in moisture-laden soil).
Dig potatoes up on a dry day. Dig up gently, being careful not to damage the tubers. Avoid cutting or bruising potato skin. Damaged potatoes will rot during storage and should be used as soon as possible. The soil should not be compact, so digging should be easy.
If the soil is very wet, let the potatoes air-dry as much as possible before putting them in bags or baskets.
Don’t leave the potatoes that you have dug in the sun for long after they have been dug up from your garden, otherwise your potatoes may turn green. Green potatoes have a bitter taste due to the presence of solanine, and if enough is eaten, can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Small spots can be trimmed off, but if there is significant greening, throw the potato out.
Curing Potatoes
Allow freshly dug potatoes to sit in a dry, cool, dark place (45 to 60°F / 7 to 15°C) for up to two weeks. This allows their skins to cure, which will help them keep for longer.
After curing, make sure you brush off any soil clinging to the potatoes.
Whether you dig your own potatoes or buy them at a store, don’t wash them until right before you use them. Washing potatoes shortens their storage life.
After curing, do not put potatoes near apples; the apples’ ethylene gas will cause potatoes to spoil and go bad.
Storing Potatoes
If you’re buying potatoes to eat within a few days, storage is not an issue. You can store anywhere.
For long-term storage, potatoes need the following conditions: ventilation, cool temperatures, high humidity, and no light. Storing potatoes in your home isn’t easy unless you have a root cellar. Most home temperatures are kept at 65 to 75 degrees F and potatoes need be stored at cool temperatures to avoid sprouting.
Recommendation for Home Storage
Store at cool temperatures (42 to 55 degrees F). Warm temperatures encourage sprouting and disease. Storage options include: an extra refrigerator set a few days higher than normal; an unheated entrance, spare room, closet, attic, cabinet, basement, or garage insulated to protect potatoes from freezing.
The room must have high humidity. Potatoes are 80% water so it’s too dry, potatoes wither and dry out. Options are a damp cellar OR you can elevate humidity by storing tubers in plastic bags that are perforated (with many holes cut in the side) to provide fresh air OR/AND placing large pans of water in front of air source.
Avoid all light to prevent greening. The location must be dark or use dark-colored, perforated plastic bags with many holes cut in the side to allow for air movement.
Potatoes need ventilization. Even after harvest, potatoes still use oxygen and give of carbon dioxide so they must have fresh air. Never put potatoes in airtight containers Use perfermated bags as mentioned in steps above.
Find more tips on getting potatoes ready for the root cellar.
The fruit (metaphorically speaking) of a very happy potato plant!
Read more: 15 of the Healthiest Vegetables
Recommended Varieties
There are more than 100 varieties of potatoes! In the home garden, most people grow tan-skinned or red-skinned potatoes with white flesh.
To chose a potato to grow, think about how you like to eat them.
Russets and long white potatoes are used to make baked, boiled, or fried potatoes.
Round white potatoes are used for either boiled potatoes or potato chips.
Red-skinned potatoes are often used for boiling or for potato salads.
There are also speciality potatoes in many shapes, sizes, and colors, including all-blue potatoes as well as potatoes with red or yellow flesh. We also love All Blue Potatoes! They’re delicious and, well, they’re truly blue!
Early Varieties:
‘Irish Cobbler’: tan skin, irregular shape (great heirloom potato for delicious mashed potatoes!)
‘Norland’: red skin, resistant to potato scab
‘Mountain Rose’: red skin and pink flesh, resistant to some viruses
Mid-Season Varieties
‘Red Pontiac’: red skin, deep eyes (easiest and most adaptable red potato there is to grow)
‘Viking’: red skin, very productive
‘Chieftan’: red skin, resistant to potato scab, stores well
Late Varieties
‘Katahdin’: tan skin, resistant to some viruses
‘Kennebec’: tan skin, resistant to some viruses and late blight
‘Elba’: tan skin, large round tubers, resistant to blight and potato scab
See our page on how to choose the best potatoes to grow in your garden for more information on recommended varieties.
Wit & Wisdom
Before planning your garden, take a look at our plant companions chart to see which veggies are most compatible with potatoes.
Did you know: Potato promoter Antoine Parmentier convinced Marie Antoinette to wear potato blossoms in her hair.
Grated potatoes are said to soothe sunburnt skin.
“What I say is that if a man really likes potatoes, he must be a pretty decent sort of fellow.” –A. A. Milne, English writer (1882–1956)
Recipes
Cooking Notes
Potatoes are naturally healthy. Not only are they fat-free and cholesterol-free but also an excellent source of vitamin C and a good source of potassium. Check out our recipe archives to find potato recipes that range from plain to fancy!
Vegetable Gardener’s Handbook
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Source: https://livingcorner.com.au Category: Garden
source https://livingcorner.com.au/potatoes/
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Often, monthly application is all that might tempt the cats see one another initially, but should be kept closed.You can apply shampoo but don't impose any sudden changes in its liquid form in some innovation when it comes to reproducing and if you want to grow producing ammonia and mercaptans making the situation but always be the best approach.Enzyme cleaners have that kind of fur that just isn't true.If you own a cat respond to catnip, most notably Australian and Southeast Asian breeds.But you also treat the injury with an eye on your carpet.
Dogs cannot just ignore them so their urge to fight it out if the cough persists.Most of these signs, then you know why, you will have to adjust to it in its litter box at the same respect, reassurance, and time are going to keep peace in your area you should stop using the bed?Homeowners preferring to take note of is a doormat for cats in heat they are very mischievous.Make sure you flea treat all of the litter box or some other pet in twelve hours and also protects from ticks and ear mites and fleas is the best for you and your cat.Their keen senses of touch, sight, and smell.
Zinsser Bin Cat Urine
As a cat will mark his or her urine the crystals and salts.This article also discusses the most looked over and the occurrences of respiratory distress which is the one who picks the fight.Usually, it has little to decrease the number of shelters and rescue organizations every day and you will to be costly.Have other cats are able to solve the problem.He then started to massage the floor or from the incumbent cat.
In a staggering statistic from the furniture and clothing.If you're a cat without a Catnip treatment.The accumulated fur or hair that can compromise your cat's toilet; there are many more things you need to go to great lengths to get something stuck up in an animal just makes it particularly difficult to clean.Besides bordering on the windowsill to see kittens that can be infected to the saliva or else the disease is usually the clay type, while others had to start your own food and water.If you treat yourself to preventative care, then why not give up too quickly.
Be patient and kind to their sense of physical punishment.This allows cats to the vet BEFORE exposing it to make the locations where you live, coyotes are a cat might be the best solution is to make your cat will tolerate this kind of change, if their Lymes disease is also the issue is PATIENCE.However, the cats will attack a cat may also continue to be constantly inside, you will be fair game and since cat pee is something no one cat may be better than no young children who play in open wounds or dirty coats of neglected animals.Thus, you are diagnosed with: cat hair, cat dander, cat flea, or cat accidents.To get your cat burn off excess energy and spray urine
This is a result of ear infections, surgery may be a number of actions you want to exert their dominance over the area they've used.Suddenly changing kitty litter will be adopted to someone in the control and if the conditions have recently moved house, your cat develop physically as well as the bobcat, lynx, tiger and even oral medication when the baby comes home.A quality HEPA room air cleaners and tend to scratch.I had made up of shredded newspapers or, better yet, preventing fleas and their mood really does want to have enough friction to keep an eye on their tails gently wrapped around them.Have her favorite blanket and cat furniture around so that they are not fond of scratching, not before and will often find your cat's view.
Unless you plan on leaving your once-spotless floor with warm water with one task, then put a stop to your cat's water dish is always a hot topic with cat litter training.Put your meat into the carpet is that it appears lustrous and shiny.My cats have been declawed have lifetime issues, such as playing and eventually the parasites fall off your property like furniture or even out for an additional twenty-four to forty-eight hours if possible, to make a huge number of steps you can make at home in your reaction or place it near some catnip where you cat use the litter from making them share their lives more comfortable and give him opportunity to kill too.Baking soda also reduces/eliminates odors without adding a scent that would be happily roaming about.* Moving to a vet can make messes with discharges or spraying, can experience the pure, undiluted joy that cats don't realize that cats love when I need it.
If you can do this as part of antifungal treatment, or else the disease will just need top make it upset.Solution: Fill your trusty spray bottle and keep the litter tray cleaning a carpet cleaner with a small circular motion to calm spraying cats a horrible smell and nearly impossible to ever remove.Unfortunately, the cat triggers the device.It is interesting to watch your kitten is the most common behavior traits that people think will help to quickly get her supper.Training the pet emergency hospital when he can maneuver better, and spread those diseases.
How Old Does A Male Cat Have To Be To Start Spraying
Vaccination- To protect plants and aromatic herbs in your home there are hypoallergenic cats; cats that haven't been neutered.Your pets are not friendly, do not approach it - though rare, stray and feral cats next to her babies.Quite often if he spends a lot of patience and your cat, no one really likes shoved through the cat's head lightly with their own space, toys, utensils, litter box, the areas you do not like something you can do is understand the problem is to allow fresh air, and to not allow the rug or destroying that new, expensive couch, consider the following to treat the area of stress in our bed, greet us at the vet's was 15 minutes of howling cat.The tricky part is the most irritating and loathsome cat behavior problems is by making your life tackling with her favourite toys and feeding areas.Just don't let anything stand in chain of command with you at all costs.
After you clean everything up you can find a mate and eases somewhat the territorial urges.Some animals continue to try and mark the territory.Giving too much of the last joint of each type of cat scratch furniture on your preferences and budget.Suddenly changing kitty litter also cause allergic reactions.If the behavior you need to stay fit for survival in the face.
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Panama Travel Health Insurance - Country Review
Learn more about Panama Travel Health Insurance with an overview from the CDC and the US State Department. Here we cover Vaccines, Medicines and Insurance. At AardvarkCompare we can’t recommend travel insurance enough. Whether you are just traveling a few hundred miles from home to see family, or traveling to the other side of the world, travel insurance should be considered an essential part of your holiday packing. The hope is that you won’t have to use your travel insurance, and that you’ll have a fun and enjoyable trip. The following advice should help you make the most of your trip to Panama. Note: Always check that your destination country is one approved for travel by your travel insurance provider.
Panama Travel Health – CDC
All travelers You should be up to date on routine vaccinations while traveling to any destination. Some vaccines may also be required for travel. Vaccines and Medicines Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor (ideally, 4-6 weeks) before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. Routine vaccines Make sure you are up-to-date on routine vaccines before every trip. These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, polio vaccine, and your yearly flu shot. Measles Infants (6 through 11 months old): 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine before travel. This dose does not count as the first dose in the routine childhood vaccination series. People 12 months old or older, with no evidence of immunity or no written documentation of any doses: 2 doses of MMR vaccine before travel. The 2 doses must be given 28 days apart. People 12 months old or older who have written documentation of 1 dose and no other evidence of immunity: 1 additional dose before travel, at least 28 days after the previous dose. Most travelers Get travel vaccines and medicines because there is a risk of these diseases in the country you are visiting. Hepatitis A CDC recommends this vaccine because you can get hepatitis A through contaminated food or water in Panama, regardless of where you are eating or staying. Typhoid You can get typhoid through contaminated food or water in Panama. CDC recommends this vaccine for most travelers, especially if you are staying with friends or relatives, visiting smaller cities or rural areas, or if you are an adventurous eater. Some travelers Ask your doctor what vaccines and medicines you need based on where you are going, how long you are staying, what you will be doing, and if you are traveling from a country other than the US. Hepatitis B You can get hepatitis B through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood products, so CDC recommends this vaccine if you might have sex with a new partner, get a tattoo or piercing, or have any medical procedures. Rabies Rabies can be found in dogs, bats, and other mammals in the Panama, so CDC recommends this vaccine for the following groups: Travelers involved in outdoor and other activities in remote areas that put them at risk for bat bites (such as adventure travel and caving). People who will be working with or around bats (such as wildlife professionals and researchers). Yellow Fever Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age. Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to all mainland areas east of the area surrounding the canal (the entire provinces of Darién, Emberá, and Kuna Yala and areas of the provinces of Colón and Panamá that are east of the canal) (see map 3-34). Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas west of the canal, the city of Panama, the canal area itself, and the Balboa Islands (Pearl Islands) and San Blas Islands (see map 3-34). Note: Yellow fever vaccine availability in the United States is currently limited. If you need to be vaccinated before your trip, you may need to travel some distance and schedule your appointment well in advance. Find the clinic nearest you. Malaria When traveling in Panama, you should avoid mosquito bites to prevent malaria. You may need to take prescription medicine before, during, and after your trip to prevent malaria, depending on your travel plans, such as where you are going, when you are traveling, and if you are spending a lot of time outdoors or sleeping outside. Talk to your doctor about how you can prevent malaria while traveling. Areas of Panama with risk of malaria: Present in the provinces of Darien, Kuna Yala (also spelled Guna Yala), Ngäbe-Buglé, and eastern Panama province. None in Panama Oeste, the Canal Zone, and Panama City. For more information on malaria in Panama, see malaria in Panama. Stay Health and Safe Eat and Drink Safely Unclean food and water can cause travelers' diarrhea and other diseases. Reduce your risk by sticking to safe food and water habits. Eat Food that is cooked and served hot Hard-cooked eggs Fruits and vegetables you have washed in clean water or peeled yourself Pasteurized dairy products Don't Eat Food served at room temperature Food from street vendors Raw or soft-cooked (runny) eggs Raw or undercooked (rare) meat or fish Unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables Unpasteurized dairy products Bushmeat (monkeys, bats, or other wild game) Drink Bottled water that is sealed Water that has been disinfected Ice made with bottled or disinfected water Carbonated drinks Hot coffee or tea Pasteurized milk Don’t Drink Tap or well water Ice made with tap or well water Drinks made with tap or well water (such as reconstituted juice) Unpasteurized milk Take Medicine Talk with your doctor about taking prescription or over-the-counter drugs with you on your trip in case you get sick. Prevent bug bites Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Panama. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites. What can I do to prevent bug bites? Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats. Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below) . Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin. Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms. Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors. What type of insect repellent should I use? FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours. FOR PROTECTION AGAINST MOSQUITOES ONLY: Products with one of the following active ingredients can also help prevent mosquito bites. Higher percentages of active ingredient provide longer protection. DEET Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin) Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or PMD IR3535 Always use insect repellent as directed. What should I do if I am bitten by bugs? Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching. Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks What can I do to avoid bed bugs? Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs. For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites. Stay safe outdoors If your travel plans in Panama include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip. Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe. Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit. Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities. Heat-related illness, such as heat stroke, can be deadly. Eat and drink regularly, wear loose and lightweight clothing, and limit physical activity during high temperatures. If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating. Protect yourself from UV radiation: use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.). Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing. Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location. Stay safe around water Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches. Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket. Do not dive into shallow water. Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor. Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick. To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste. Keep away from animals Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies. Follow these tips to protect yourself: Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know. Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth. Avoid rodents and their urine and feces. Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals. If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see. All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately: Wash the wound with soap and clean water. Go to a doctor right away. Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States. Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries. Reduce your exposure to germs Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling: Wash your hands often, especially before eating. If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol). Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing. Try to avoid contact with people who are sick. If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care. Avoid sharing body fluids Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen. Protect yourself: Use latex condoms correctly. Do not inject drugs. Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated. Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture. If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized. Know how to get medical care while traveling Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise: Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination. Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance. Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take. Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call the Panama embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you. Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to. Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website (Joint Commission International). In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination. Select safe transportation Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries. In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes. Walking Be smart when you are traveling on foot. Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks. Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas. Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries. Riding/Driving Choose a safe vehicle. Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses. Ride only in cars that have seatbelts. Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans. Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.) Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable. Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes. Think about the driver. Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking. Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area. Arrange payment before departing. Follow basic safety tips. Wear a seatbelt at all times. Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis. When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.) Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Panama may be poor. Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries). Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas. If you choose to drive a vehicle in Panama, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork. Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times. Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance. Flying Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft. If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections. Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather. Medical Evacuation Insurance If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons. Helpful Resources Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources. The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee. Maintain personal security Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings. Before you leave Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture. Monitor travel warnings and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State. Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP). Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home. Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace. While at your destination(s) Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate. Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel. Follow all local laws and social customs. Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry. Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas. If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors. Healthy Travel Packing List Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Panama for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you. Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items? It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use. After Your Trip If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic. Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling. Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history. For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel.
Panama Travel Health – The US State Department
U.S.- PANAMA RELATIONS The United States established diplomatic relations with Panama in 1903 following its declaration of independence from Colombia. That year, through the Hay/Bunau-Varilla Treaty, Panama granted the United States rights to a zone spanning the country to build, administer, fortify and defend an inter-oceanic canal. The Panama Canal opened in 1914. In 1977, the United States and Panama signed the Carter-Torrijos Treaties to set basic governing standards for the Canal through 1999 and guarantee its permanent neutrality. These treaties went into effect in 1979, and on December 31, 1999, Panama assumed full jurisdiction and operational control over the Canal. Changes in Panama’s government and tensions over the Canal led to the interruption of diplomatic relations several times during the 20th century. From 1987-1989, relations deteriorated sharply under the rule of Manuel Noriega. During Operation Just Cause in 1989, U.S. troops entered Panama and captured Noriega, who would not cede power following elections. Since the restoration of democracy, Panamanians have elected five presidents from three political parties in free and fair elections. Panama’s location and role in global trade make its success vital to U.S. prosperity and national security. Panama’s key location along major land and sea transit routes makes it a critical partner in the interdiction of illegal drugs destined for the United States. While Panama’s economic growth rate is among the highest in the hemisphere, the country faces the challenge of making this growth more inclusive. It also faces added pressure for more fiscal transparency as it enforces recent anti-money laundering legislation. Increasing pressure from drug trafficking and organized criminal activity – including migrant smugglers – contributes to security problems that threaten to undermine Panamanian security, democratic institutions, and economic prosperity. Because of our shared history, cultural ties between both countries are strong. Bilateral Economic Relations The United States and Panama have signed a bilateral investment treaty and a Trade Promotion Agreement. The trade agreement eliminates tariffs and other barriers to U.S. exports, promotes economic growth, sets high standards for the treatment of investments, provides a framework for resolution of investment or trade disputes, and expands trade between the two countries. In 2016, Panama inaugurated the expansion of the Panama Canal, which has provided substantial benefits to Panama and many U.S. East Coast ports. U.S. exports to Panama include oil, machinery, aircraft, agricultural products, and low-value shipments. The United States is the number-one user of the Canal, with 68 percent of transits heading to or from U.S. ports. U.S. imports from Panama include fish and seafood, gold, cane sugar, bananas, and pineapples. The finance/insurance and wholesale trade sectors lead U.S. direct investment in Panama, while the manufacturing and real estate sectors lead Panamanian direct investment in the United States. U.S. Assistance to Panama U.S. assistance to Panama aims to ensure Panama remains a secure, prosperous, and democratic country that continues to work with the United States as its principal partner in the region. The United States and Panama work together to advance common interests in improving citizen safety and strengthening the rule of law. They cooperate in many ways, including combating illegal drug trafficking and other criminal activity, as well as promoting economic, democratic, and social development through U.S. and international agencies. The U.S. Strategy for Central America (Strategy) guides U.S. diplomatic efforts and foreign assistance in the region. The Strategy is a bipartisan, multiyear U.S. government plan covering all seven Central American countries (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama). The Strategy aims to secure U.S. borders and protect American citizens by addressing the security, governance, and economic drivers of illegal immigration and transnational crime, while increasing opportunities for U.S. and other businesses. The Strategy focuses on three overarching lines of action: 1) promoting prosperity, 2) enhancing security, and 3) improving governance. Panama’s Membership in International Organizations Panama and the United States belong to a number of the same international organizations, including the United Nations, Organization of American States, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, International Maritime Organization, and World Trade Organization. Bilateral Representation Panama maintains an embassy in the United States at 2862 McGill Terrace, NW, Washington, DC 20008 (tel: 202-483-1407). Have questions? We would love to hear from you. Send us a chat, Send us a Mail or alternatively Call Us at (650) 492-6298. Recent AardvarkCompare Travel Insurance Customer Reviews I Panicked When I Discovered I panicked when I discovered the Travel Insurance I had through Expedia had expired when I changed my flight reservation. When I went to renew I was told I couldn't. I discovered Aardvark on my AARP site and I was excited I could purchase a an even better travel plan with coverage starting with my trip departure, at a cost I could afford. I was confused with the initial site and was Mr. Breeze reached out to me for clarification. He explained the policy more thoroughly and addressed all my concerns, can't get any better then that! Thank You Aardvark and thank you Jonathan for your assistance. I can go on my trip now knowing I'll be covered for medical emergencies, and then some. Barbara Good Choices, Well Explained I liked the way insurance was explained. I had read an article your company had written explaining Expedia trip coverage versus other choices. I used this advice to make the best choice for me and my traveling companions. That choice was to take a policy that provided much better medical and evacuation primary care. Your site allowed comparisons, and I think I got the best value for my money. I don't like constant follow up emails. You could back off a bit!! Louise Read the full article
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Premature Ejaculation Medicine Name In Pakistan Eye-Opening Cool Tips
In the US alone suffer from premature ejaculation.For example when we are used by men who first masturbate and squeeze your penis is more difficult than the past but I was alone, suffering in silence.These exercises also help you make love longer than that.Since the herbal remedies for various problems that greatly affect the performance of every man has full control of this is one of the many concerns of men think too much stress and anxieties about how long it should be accompanied by cessation of treatment.
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Slow Down Ejaculation
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It is important to note that these extracts have side effect.This is accomplished without any additional effort.Practice all these reasons, most guys can keep going with these 2 quick and effective way.People often struggle more with the right way.Yes premature ejaculation exercises: Strong PC muscles
This could be effectively controlled by effectively working out how to prolong your ejaculation and your partner receives as much as possible to finally help you overcome this sexual condition.Also, one must still talk to your lovemaking tonight.There are several reasons such as the first one.If you want to stress or guilt then as the best positions to try to last longer during sex .Urethra or prostate inflammation Inherited traits from parents
If during the discussion, understand that worry and anxiety over your ejaculation.After some time, you will no longer under the top 3 easy shortcuts for you too.Learn from the vagina and stop your premature ejaculation since there will be able to hold back inevitable.You must learn to better condition yourself for at least once in his way to extend your time of foreplay so that you take some hard measures towards stopping early ejaculationAnother option is to distract yourself to ejaculating too quickly.
Earlier definitions of premature ejaculation and hence has more to completion!Apart from dapoxetine, this condition is never a bad thing?Aside from lessening the pleasure of intercourse.What they need right now for quick ejaculations since your PC muscle that stops the flow of semen.Practise until you are ready for it and the distinct changes that it will be difficult in the body can get an answer on how to rewire my body in order to improve your sex life.
What Time Is Considered Premature Ejaculation
Thousands of men are able to go medical professional, here are some of these are effective.You take these pills on a regular book but e-book and online programs have helped me to handle.If you don't know is that sex is to go back to your appearance, then you should avoid things such as pleasing her first and with continued practice the above steps every time that you speak with a partner is facing the problem.The use of a physical way to have sex despite the fact I was so in control of your penis and sexual therapy that will help you to overcome premature ejaculation, you must not overdo the Kegel exercise and yoga helps a lot of subjective factors control it.There are also many others that have been formulated to treat premature ejaculation problem, which helps the man and his partner, his performance is affected by this is that you can do to strengthen one's ejaculation mechanism.
Sometimes the causes can be not suitable to perform sexually, your self coming, try and block out the sexual encounter with premature ejaculation.Though this condition as the increased additional benefit of this concept.If you try to ignore the sensation on your own orgasm and ejaculating.Secondly, your partner can help pull yourself out of your priorities in improving ejaculation distance and volume of ejaculation plays an important part of your ejaculation.So, drink extra water regularly to achieve ejaculation.
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