#Computer Repair Services in Shop No. 34
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jobsgamacom-blog · 8 years ago
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Delta Computer Services in Mumbai, Computer Repair Services
Delta Computer Services in Mumbai, Computer Repair Services
Adrress Shop No. 34, Andheri West, Mumbai-400053. Contact Person Sanjay Roy Phone/Mobile Numbers 9323595058 Location Andheri West City Mumbai Email Id Website Working Hours Mon – Sat 9.00am to 6.00pm Keywords: Computer Repair Services Enquire Delta Computer Servicesusing below form: The Business-Organization Delta Computer Services presents at Shop No. 34, Andheri West, Mumbai-400053. You Can

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finleyskriver92-blog · 6 years ago
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marmosetmonkeys · 7 years ago
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mejiamarkchristianjay · 3 years ago
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vwwordpressthemes · 4 years ago
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battvulrecar1983 · 4 years ago
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landlord rent guarantee insurance
BEST ANSWER: Try this site where you can compare quotes from different companies :insurefastfinder.top
landlord rent guarantee insurance
landlord rent guarantee insurance coverages. For example, for home owners renters insurance, the   has more coverage than many other insurers for things like flood, earthquake, and even term life. On the other hand, home insurance for non-resident homes, including renters policies, offers special coverage for personal belongings and liability, as well.   Home insurance. The  and   and   have many different policies that cater to resident residences and non-resident homeowners. When the cost to repair home insurance is large, your insurance company may be willing to  on you rather than you wouldn’t own an annual renewal, which allows you to pay as little as a nominal markup.  The same can apply when you rent a home, as long as the policy is . Some things to consider. There is a lot we could forget about, but life insurance can be useful. Do you have to file if you. landlord rent guarantee insurance offers renters protection provided it’s approved or it doesn’t involve an actual insured policy. Many renters insurance policies won’t insure the replacement of the property of the insured policy when they become lost or damaged. Additionally, renters insurance doesn’t cover damage to personal property such as furniture or clothing. In addition, many renters insurance policies won’t pay for a renters liability lawsuit unless there’s a  with at least common denominator. There are a few coverage exclusions, which are usually listed with a renters policy. There is . If the business has a tenant policy, it will protect the company from the liability of property damage and belongings. If the tenant loses the building, or the landlord’s company loses your property, that coverage will be sufficient to cover the cost of repair or replacement of a damage-resistant apartment building structure. The property damage coverage is limited, and you’ll have to prove that your landlord’. landlord rent guarantee insurance is required as an accessory for a rental property company to legally cover the insured’s belongings. Even though the landlord lives on the property, they should also have their own insurance company. However, if the landlord already has an insurance policy on their home—or the insurance company has their own policy—with their own company, you’ll have a hard time getting. Most renters insurance policies will allow you to be covered for personal liability, even if your landlord doesn’t have full-owners liability coverage. Many factors will influence your insurance policy. However, one specific aspect that is a little bit more subtle. For instance, some of the insurance providers that provide coverage for the rental property are likely to provide their own coverage based on the insured’s risk profile. These providers will, in addition, provide specific policies when the rental property is being vacated. If they don’t, their own insurance company would not be likely to have enough coverage to compensate.
Does rent guarantee insurance let tenants off the hook in paying rent?
Does rent guarantee insurance let tenants off the hook in paying rent? Renters insurance can protect tenants and landlords alike when a client is injured by an insured tenant. If a client is injured or their home is damaged, renters insurance will help pay to repair the property and replace personal property. Your renters insurance policy should cover the following: In most cases, renters insurance coverage won’t protect landlords and landlords alike: renters insurance is the that protects landlords and is designed to protect landlords. Renters insurance in Massachusetts allows tenants to protect their properties and belongings to minimize losses. An owner owns multiple types of personal property: cars, computers, electronics, clothing, and furniture. It is the landlord’s responsibility to ensure they have coverage. If a tenant files a claim in Massachusetts, the landlord will typically ask for a policy for repair charges and possibly damage to the premises themselves and/or anyone living in the property. Any property damages incurred during a covered claim will most likely be covered by renters insurance. However, if the person who owns the property is not.
Do I need rent guarantee insurance?
Do I need rent guarantee insurance? Yes, you might need rental car insurance if your rental car is not completely self-funding. Here are the steps: Before renting an expensive sedan or pricey SUV, take a look at the cheapest car insurance costs on many popular brands in the market. If you are wondering why you need rental car insurance, the first thing your agent should tell you is that you should have this coverage before renting. Some states require rental car insurance. If your state is not one of them, the question of liability can be left open. Most rental companies have basic liability coverage that covers damages to other parties (your car). The minimum standard coverage is typically 30/60/25. Make sure you also have insurance before renting a car. Rental vehicles are typically covered by liability limits that are the same as the minimums for other kinds of cars. For example, your collision-only insurance would be required by your state. If you cause an accident or damage an object such as a tree or rock, you will.
What are the pros and cons of rent guarantee insurance?
What are the pros and cons of rent guarantee insurance? Yes, the insurance industry considers rent as an investment which saves you money, and therefore it’s not as good as life insurance. But in addition to giving you a great retirement plan with good rates of return compared to other types of assets, it also makes financial planning easy. This is why you need to have an insurance policy with a decent rate of return as it is a part of planning your retirement. No other investment is a perfect vehicle for financial planning. The average monthly premium on a  is $2,841. The average monthly premium on a  is $4,907. In today s market, your premium might have gone through the roof as you can now imagine. In 20 years, the industry sees itself in a unique position as the new solution to providing some financial solutions for their clients. With the advent of technology and advancements in how much coverage you can buy on your premiums, it s becoming more feasible for people to buy insurance. The more choices.
Our landlord insurance products
Our landlord insurance products aren’t required by New York State, and they’ll probably cover any damage that your landlord’s insurance doesn’t cover (unless your landlord has specific in your personal belongings). If your landlord’s landlord’s insurance covers the costs of repairs and replacement services for personal property in the event of a covered claim as an alternative accommodation, you could be responsible for the cost of these services at your landlord’s expense, as well as your own costs in certain instances. Personal liability insurance, which is commonly referred to as PIP insurance, covers the costs of medical treatment, repair, and replacement of personal property if for no more than $1,000 per day. Additionally, personal liability insurance can cover the cost of legal action by you and your passengers if you are held liable for damages in an accident, regardless of who is at fault. Property and Casualty insurance services offered through NerdWallet Insurance Services, Inc.: We make it .
Find out how rent guarantee insurance can secure your rental income from your buy-to-let property, ensuring you can meet your mortgage payments and recover lost rent
Find out how rent guarantee insurance can secure your rental income from your buy-to-let property, ensuring you can meet your mortgage payments and recover lost rent to your current apartment building and the property you are renting. Renters insurance covers the costs to insure all of your personal possessions and provides legal or collateral relief to your business for losses sustained. Some rental vehicles are subject to separate coverage limits. That means liability, property damage, and personal liability protection will cover you and your business on any claims. Renters Insurance is your one-stop-shop for personal property insurance and your personal property. It can protect you, your employees, your businesses and other objects from physical damage and theft, including property valued at at your business’s property. Get an insurance quote and find out what type of rental property insurance you’ll need. Property and Casualty insurance services offered through NerdWallet Insurance Services, Inc.: The cost of rent for a hotel room and suite may be $4,700 to $5,300 as of March 31. The average payment on some renters insurance plans is $34. This means the cost of a new policy may.
What does rent guarantee insurance cover?
What does rent guarantee insurance cover? Is it the right coverage for my rental vehicle? Does rent guarantee insurance cover rental cars that were destroyed by fire? The answer is, to a certain extent. There is some truth to the charge that this might not cover all the losses that are caused by rental cars. This is due in part to the fact that it can be very expensive to replace a rental car after a hurricane, a tornados, or a fire. However, the fact is that you can buy a renters guarantee policy, which will pay for any losses and costs incurred by the rental property they come into the car. But remember all that, even though it is a very good coverage, it is not always the most cost-effective. What is the downside to purchasing a renter insurance policy? The answer is that the company will likely take the amount of a cancellation fee from you. One of the most important things for renters is to not be too tied to it, although it may not be an expensive hassle. The only.
Requirements to Qualify for the Insurance
Requirements to Qualify for the Insurance Marketplace The Marketplace has three potential candidate categories that insurers may consider for coverage, based on the following characteristics: Drivers without a driver’s license typically pay higher insurance rates than drivers with permits. Because of the chance of being involved in a car accident without proper insurance, if you have a learner’s permit, it’s smart to shop around and compare rates and choose the best carrier for your needs. The Bottom Line So don’t drive without car insurance in Michigan right now — there are two main reasons that arise when a person sues a state where they require proof of financial responsibility. In these situations, a driver may need to get car insurance with a suspended license to get their license reinstated, no matter if they are being held financially responsible for the accident or not. Get fast online quotes and instantly compare top auto insurance companies in Michigan Compare quotes from the top car insurance companies in Michigan ‱ Independent ‱ Yes ‱ 50%.
What is rent guarantee insurance?
What is rent guarantee insurance? In both the U.S. and Canada, there is a distinction between the basic rental insurance offered by the rental company and a rent guarantee from the auto insurer. The primary difference is whether the insurer will insure the vehicle. This also applies only to rented cars. You have to consider whether the rental company will insure you for rental cars in the absence of an official policy. If you don t already have insurance, (and not surprisingly, rental insurance is so expensive because of the cost of a large car rental company) may be a reasonable option for some countries. Also, it depends on the insurance rates. This is especially the case with the large car rental companies that are based in Canada. When you get out of the car rental agreement, it is quite a possibility that you will be in a crash with someone and they will have to pay the bill. This would not go over well with the insurer. It is very likely that in Canada you won t be in this situation.
How much does rental guarantee insurance cost?
How much does rental guarantee insurance cost? Does a rental insurance policy cover car rentals? Why does car rental coverage vary from $250 to $1,000? Should I consider renting a car, or renting an apartment, in Mexico? Does car rental insurance cover cars to Canada? It really depends on your specific needs and what type of car you are renting. For instance, if you re renting a car in the US as part in Canada and you have a car with a valid Mexican license, then it may cover both. This could even be true if you own an exotic vehicle that requires no rental car insurance. If you live in Canada, and your rental is in Mexico – or on the way to an airport – then car rental insurance may cover this as well. The amount of coverage can vary from company to company, and can be increased or decreased on certain days – depending on the insurance you purchase or whether you are going to a vacation or family event. If you re going to a vacation or a family event like wedding, then.
The bottom line on rent guarantee insurance
The bottom line on rent guarantee insurance is that you won’t get any of the “lost” money that would be lost due to damages, loss of use, liability, etc. So don’t get too lost. The insurance company never wants to have renters, homeowners, auto insurance, rental, etc. If you do, your insurance company is going to take your premiums. It’s very important to have renters insurance, but it also costs you money so you know what happens to you if you do not have it. What is the cheapest homeowners insurance? Homeowners insurance in Florida is a fairly affordable option; it can be as expensive as you’d think it will be. Homeowners insurance in Florida comes in at an average of $1,843 per year, which is $7,370 over the national average for home insurance. On average, a homeowner with a policy in Florida can expect to pay an average of $1,839 for a home insurance policy (about.
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jobsgamacom-blog · 8 years ago
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Laxmi Infotech in Delhi, Computer Repair Services
Laxmi Infotech in Delhi, Computer Repair Services
Adrress Shop No. 34, Deoli, Delhi-110062. Contact Person Ankit Phone/Mobile Numbers 9599485667, 9312191888 Location Deoli City Delhi Email Id Website Working Hours Mon – Sat 9.00am to 6.00pm Keywords: Computer Repair Services Enquire Laxmi Infotechusing below form: The Business-Organization Laxmi Infotech presents at Shop No. 34, Deoli, Delhi-110062. You Can contact the contact person Ankit at

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sharistonecom · 4 years ago
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Cosmetic Surgery in Brazil: A Boom Fuelled by the Pandemic.
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Cosmetic Surgery in Brazil
It’s the same in many countries, the pandemic has boosted cosmetic surgery demand around the world and cosmetic surgery in Brazil is no exception.   Video conferencing has brought physical imperfections into the computer screen and made many people very self-conscious of their look.  Added to that the ‘right to beauty‘ philosophy that is embedded in the Brazilian subconscious demand for cosmetic treatment has never been higher.
Preparing for a facelift
Zoom Pushes Brazilian Cosmetic Surgery Boom
Mirrors don’t lie, nor does the screen during a videoconference: the virus-induced lockdown has led many Brazilians to undergo plastic surgery to look better.  The pandemic has disrupted the medical tourism sector so Brazil has had to rely more on its domestic market.
With trips cancelled and restaurants mostly closed, many have extra cash to carry out such procedures.  All the economists tell us we have been turned from spenders to savers this year.
Beauty clinics say demand for the cosmetic treatment has as much as doubled here since the pandemic began.
A typical client, Regiane de Oliveira Sousa, a 38-year-old sales representative from Sao Paulo spoke to AFP about how she has used her lockdown time wisely in self-improvement.   Over the past six months, she has had cosmetic skin peels, breast reduction surgery, liposuction to remove unwanted fat, and facial harmonization treatment.
“Friends of mine have also taken advantage of teleworking to do these surgeries,” she told AFP.
Cost of the procedure: 3,800 reais (around $730), or almost four times the monthly minimum wage in Brazil.
Her surgeon, Cintia Rios, said there has been a significant increase in cosmetic operations this year, about 40 percent more compared to what was done before the pandemic.
Cintia Rios Cosmetic Surgeon
“I had to lengthen my work hours and I hired three employees. Beauty is not in crisis, thank God!”
According to Rios, otoplasties — cosmetic ear surgeries — are also popular because people feel that wearing a face mask makes their ears stick out.
Usually, such surgery is for children around the ages of eight or nine, “but this year, many adults are doing it.”
Lips are also important, adds de Oliveira Sousa, “because during telework videoconferences we see each other permanently on the screen.”
Rios’s clinic was forced to close from March to May due to strict lockdown measures to control the spread of the coronavirus.  This affected domestic work as well as medical tourism.
Today, however, business at the clinic is booming.
Another typical Brazilian woman,  Rita Monteiro Meireles, 34 saw the confinement as a chance to use her savings to carry out cosmetic surgery enhancements that she has dreamed of since her divorce three years ago.
“I didn’t like my face, and after getting a bichectomy (surgery to remove cheek fat) I was the happiest person in the world,” she said.
Monteiro Meireles smiled as she looked at her new face in a handheld mirror, her lips still swollen after the botox injection.
Cosmetic surgery may serve as a palliative during times of anxiety and uncertainty, said Henriette Morato, a psychologist at the University of Sao Paulo.
“It’s a way of demonstrating more control over your own life, to change what is still possible,” she said.  This is a comment I have heard quite often from surgeons in the UK and France and it is an argument that is well rehearsed in the USA.  It would certainly explain the boom in cosmetic surgery in Brazil
A Very Strange Year For Cosmetic Surgery in Brazil
Denis Calazans
Even though some cosmetic surgery clinics have seen demand for their services increase, “not everything is rose-coloured,” said Denis Calazans, head of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgeons — especially because of the multi-week lockdown earlier in the year.
“It’s an atypical year,” he said.
“We should be showing figures lower than those before the pandemic” for the entire sector, he said, even if clinics offering simple procedures have done well.
Working at home and saving on money otherwise spent on travel or outings has allowed generally well-off Brazilians “to invest in themselves,” he said.
Brazil is the world leader in cosmetic surgery procedures, with 13 per cent of the global market, according to figures from the International Society of Plastic Surgery reporting on cosmetic surgery in Brazil
But when all cosmetic procedures — including non-surgical procedures such as botox injections — are included, it comes in behind the United States.
Brazil is a country where we have several highly rated clinics that we list for you here.
Clinic ImageRatingClinic Name & Feature
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Clinée Aesthetic Medicine Rio di Janeiro Brazil
Aesthetic treatment or plastic surgery in Rio de Janeiro and Grande Rio, is at Clinée.

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Lifecare Clinic Rio di Janeiro Brazil
This clinic offers a very wide range of beauty and surgical treatments for its clients.

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Dr. Thomas Benson Clinic
Dr. Thomas Benson Clinic combines comfort, safety and technology to provide a unique care experience.

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Dr. Marco Longo Clinic SĂŁo Paulo Brazil
Dr. Marco Longo graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Paraná

1. Clinée Aesthetic Medicine Rio di Janeiro Brazil
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Aesthetic treatment or plastic surgery in Rio de Janeiro and Grande Rio, is at Clinée. With 8 reference plastic surgeons in abdominoplasty, rhinoplasty, liposuction, breast prosthesis in Rio de Janeiro, here you have plastic surgery in up to 24x to transform your life. Their beauty clinic in Barra da Tijuca, Shopping Downtown, awaits you!
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Address
Shopping Downtown Avenida das Américas, 500 - Bloco 11, Loja 108 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ
Phone
2121466106
Checklist
Private rooms for patients
Accessible rooms
Phone in room
Medical records coordination
Health Insurance coordination
Interpeter & translation services
Restaurant on premises
Procedures Offered
Liposuction
Breast Augmentation
Breast Reduction
Breast Lift
Blepharoplasty (eyelids)
Abdominoplasty. (tummy tuck)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Forehead Lift
Otoplasty (ear correction treatment)
Thigh and Buttock Lift
Rhytidectomy (Facelift)
Gynecomastia (male breast reduction)
Labiaplasty
Hymen Repair
Gender Reassignment Surgery
Tattoo Removal
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{ "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "Product", "name": "Clinée Aesthetic Medicine Rio di Janeiro Brazil", "image": [ "https://bestcosmeticsurgeons.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/clinée_aesthetic_medicine_rio_di_janeiro_brazil_1579439153.png" ], "sku":"92946", "mpn": "92946", "description": "Aesthetic treatment or plastic surgery in Rio de Janeiro and Grande Rio, is at Clinée. With 8 reference plastic surgeons in abdominoplasty, rhinoplasty, liposuction, breast prosthesis in Rio de Janeiro,...", "brand": { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Clinée Aesthetic Medicine Rio di Janeiro Brazil" }, "offers":{ "@type":"Offer", "url":"https://bestcosmeticsurgeons.com/listing/clinee-aesthetic-medicine-rio-di-janeiro-brazil/", "price":"0.00", "priceValidUntil":"2030-11-05", "priceCurrency":"USD", "availability":"https://schema.org/InStock", "seller":{ "@type":"Person", "name":"Clinée Aesthetic Medicine Rio di Janeiro Brazil", "url":"https://bestcosmeticsurgeons.com/listing/clinee-aesthetic-medicine-rio-di-janeiro-brazil/" } }, "review":{ "@type":"Review", "reviewRating":{ "@type":"Rating", "bestRating":"5", "worstRating":"0", "ratingValue":"3" }, "name":"Clinée Aesthetic Medicine Rio di Janeiro Brazil", "reviewBody":"Aesthetic treatment or plastic surgery in Rio de Janeiro and Grande Rio, is at Clinée. With 8 reference plastic surgeons in abdominoplasty, rhinoplasty, liposuction, breast prosthesis in Rio de Janeiro,...", "author":{ "@type":"Person", "name":"Pankaj Agarwal" }, "datePublished":"January 19, 2020" }, "aggregateRating": { "@type": "AggregateRating", "ratingValue": "3", "reviewCount": "1" } }
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2. Lifecare Clinic Rio di Janeiro Brazil
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This clinic offers a very wide range of beauty and surgical treatments for its clients. They seem to be very focused on combining surgical interventions with ongoing aesthetic treatments. The director Dr. Alexandre CharĂŁo is accredited by Rede DÂŽOr and worked for two years abroad, having received the O GLOBO Makes a Difference Award in 2006 for the set of surgeries performed outside Brazil.
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Address
Aesthetics Clinic in Rio de Janeiro Rua das Laranjeiras, 154 - store B (Near the Largo do Machado subway)
Phone
21980086950
Checklist
Hotel Booking
Private rooms for patients
Accessible rooms
Free Wifi
Phone in room
Personal safe in room
TV in room
Medical records coordination
Health Insurance coordination
Interpeter & translation services
Procedures Offered
Liposuction
Breast Augmentation
Breast Reduction
Breast Lift
Blepharoplasty (eyelids)
Abdominoplasty. (tummy tuck)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Non-surgical Nose Job
Forehead Lift
Otoplasty (ear correction treatment)
Thigh and Buttock Lift
Rhytidectomy (Facelift)
Gynecomastia (male breast reduction)
Labiaplasty
Hymen Repair
Gender Reassignment Surgery
Tattoo Removal
Many non-surgical aesthetic treatments.
Does Your Clinic Offer Special Packages?
They show 20% discounts on their website.
Know More Details
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3. Dr. Thomas Benson Clinic
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Dr. Thomas Benson Clinic combines comfort, safety and technology to provide a unique care experience. With 2 units in São Paulo, Vila Nova Conceição and Alphaville, the clinic has professionals specialising in various types of plastic surgery. Dr Benson is a top surgeon & holds a Doctor of Medicine (PhD - Dr. Med.) Degree from the University of Hamburg Germany and a Doctor of Medicine (PhD) degree from the University of São Paulo (USP).
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Address
AntÎnio Joaquim de M. Andrade Avenue, 315 Vila Nova Conceição - Postcode 04507-000 Sao Paulo - SP
Alameda GrajaĂș, 98 Ed. Pravda 13th floor - Alphaville - ZIP Code 06454-050 Barueri - SP
Phone
551143056070
Checklist
Procedures Offered
Liposuction
Breast Augmentation
Breast Reduction
Breast Lift
Blepharoplasty (eyelids)
Abdominoplasty. (tummy tuck)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Non-surgical Nose Job
Forehead Lift
Otoplasty (ear correction treatment)
Thigh and Buttock Lift
Rhytidectomy (Facelift)
Gynecomastia (male breast reduction)
Labiaplasty
Hymen Repair
Gender Reassignment Surgery
Cosmetic Dentistry
Tattoo Removal
PRP Injections
Cosmetic Surgery Packages Available
Know More Details
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4. Dr. Marco Longo Clinic SĂŁo Paulo Brazil
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Dr. Marco Longo graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of ParanĂĄ (UFPR) in Curitiba. After finishing medical school, he studied Medical Residency in General Surgery and later in Plastic Surgery, both at the Hospital da ClĂ­nicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of SĂŁo Paulo (USP). His clinic has a fine reputation in rhinoplasty, liposuction and also in intimate female surgeries.
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Address
Av. Paulista, 1636 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 01310-200
Phone
+9-8077-5150
Checklist
Procedures Offered
Liposuction
Breast Augmentation
Breast Reduction
Breast Lift
Blepharoplasty (eyelids)
Abdominoplasty. (tummy tuck)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Non-surgical Nose Job
Forehead Lift
Otoplasty (ear correction treatment)
Thigh and Buttock Lift
Rhytidectomy (Facelift)
Gynecomastia (male breast reduction)
Labiaplasty
Hymen Repair
Gender Reassignment Surgery
Does Your Clinic Offer Special Packages?
See website for any offers.
Know More Details
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The post Cosmetic Surgery in Brazil: A Boom Fuelled by the Pandemic. appeared first on Best Cosmetic Surgeons.
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juniperpublishers-imst · 4 years ago
Text
Advancing Electronic Waste Management Techniques among Electrical/Electronic Technicians’ Workshops for Sustainable Healthy Society
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Abstract
This study focused on the advancement of e-waste techniques among electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops for sustainable healthy society. Study was conducted in Nigeria. The participants for the study included 87 university engineering lecturers and 54 public health officers. Study adopted survey research design and structured questionnaire for data collection. The study was validated by three experts and reliability coefficient of 0.79 was achieved. Data obtained was analyzed using percentage, mean and standard deviation while t-test and ANOVA were used to test hypotheses. The result claimed that all e-waste components are hazardous except aluminum. Meanwhile, the level of hazardous varies and depends on type of e-waste and level of abundance. Result claimed that e-waste in electrical/electronic technician workshop have severe consequences such as uncontrolled fire and inflammatory/respiratory problem among others in the environment. Result confirmed that electrical/electronic technicians adopted unsafe method for managing e-waste such as dumping of e-waste inside flowing water and swamp and using e-waste for land filling. Result explained further that electrical/electronic technicians are facing challenges- exposure to injury and unavailability of modern equipment among others- in managing e-waste. Also, result confirmed that technique for managing e-waste in electrical/electronic workshop include establishment of recycling site and establishment and implementation of regulation. Meanwhile, result stated that qualification, experience, age and occupation affects respondent opinions in response to research questions.
Keywords: vElectrical/Electronic Technicians, Electrical/Electronic Workshops, E-Waste, Hazardous Component of E-Waste Material, E-Waste Management
Introduction
Educators and sociologists often conceived technicians as junior professional workers who know some proper subset of what professionals such as engineers or scientists know [1-3]. Technicians are workers in the field of technology who are proficient in relevant skills and techniques, with relatively practical understanding of theoretical principles for the purpose of carrying out installation, maintenance and repair activities [4,5]. Engineering technicians are charged with responsibilities like testing, monitoring, identifying, correcting and repairing (troubleshooting) problem that may arise on devices [6,7]. Generally, the ultimate function, discipline and way of life of technicians is to troubleshoot and ensure that machines and other physical systems remain in good working order [8]. Meanwhile, during the 1950s and 1960s, technician was routinely cross-referenced with “radio and television” as well as “electronics” repair [9]. This marks the beginning of electrical/electronic technicians.
Electrical/Electronic Technicians
Seigler [10] opined that electrical/electronic technician is a person working on electrical/electronic equipment at technical level between the skilled tradesman and the professional electrical engineer/scientists who has the technical knowledge and skill necessary to repair and service the modern-day consumer electronic products. In Nigeria, electrical/electronic technicians are trained in technical colleges to acquire necessary skills and competencies to carryout maintenance and repair activities such as dismantling, assembling, repairing, servicing, maintaining and installing electrical/electronic equipment and home appliances [11-14]. Arthur, et al. [1]; Seigler [10]; Dearden [15]; Bureau of Labour Statistics [16], Onuoha [17] reported that aside from upholding the responsibility of training apprentices, electrical/electronic technicians are charged to advice consumers, plan, design, develop, construct, assemble, erect, install, maintain, repair, adjust, monitor, service, test and commission electrical equipment/appliances. Seigler [10] asserted that most of electrical/electronic technicians carry out their function and maintenance activities in service shops or in stores popularly termed as workshop - a place where technicians and learners/ apprentices experiment, test, construct, dismantle, repair, design, create, imagine and study [18-20]. Electrical/Electronic technicians troubleshoot, maintain and repair appliances and equipment of different types such as refrigerator and air-conditions, electric motors and generators, voltage regulators, electric fan, Radio and Television sets, Amplifiers and Video recorders among others [11,13]. To be candid, the work of electrical/electronic technicians are acknowledged, recognized and supported globally. Experts expatiated that manufacturers of electrical/ electronic appliances are providing supportive skill training to technicians which enable technicians of electrical/electronic appliances to carry out repairing and maintenance activities to take faulty equipment back to their normal working condition for economic concern [21-24].
Meanwhile, ageing, shorter life span, emergence of new and latest technology, obsoleteness of existing technology, scarcity of spare parts to rectify faulty equipment, poor technological knowhow behind electrical/electronic product among the technicians, failure to afford charging/billing price or service requirement by consumers among other factors cause some electrical/electronic products and appliances to be accumulated at technician workshops or stores [25-30]. Onuoha [17] opined that most of electrical/electronic workshops are the house of junks for unrepaired and obsolete equipment. Also, Amachree [31]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez and Takamiya [32] explained that one quarter of the fairly used electrical/electronic appliances imported to Nigeria are functional, while the remaining three quarter of these appliances are either electronic junk or unserviceable at electrical/electronic workshop. Babatunde [25] argued that these junks of electrical/electronic equipment constitute wastes of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Waste- EEE), which can otherwise be called Electronic Waste (E-Waste) or e-scraps at technicians’ workshops. Olaitan, Asogwa and Abu [23] reported that electrical/electronic machines and appliances become e-waste when they are considered out of use for their predetermined purposes.
E-waste
Kozlan [33] opined that e-waste is all electrical/electronic equipment or products with power plug, and batteries which have become obsolete due to advancement in technology, changes in fashion, style and status, and nearing the end of their useful life. Morgan [34] described e-waste as loosely discarded, surplus, obsolete or broken electrical or electronic devices. Electrical/ electronic waste refers to electrical/electronic appliances designed with a voltage rating not exceeding 1000 volts for alternating current and 1500 volts for direct current which have become obsolete, at the end of their lives or that have been discarded by their original users [35-38]. Babatunde [25]; Mundada, Sunil, & Shekdar, [26]; Ewuim, Akunne, Abajue, Nwankwo & Faniran [39]; Eyo [40]; Ogbomo, Obuh & Ibolo [41] opined that e-waste could be mobile phones, computers, communication equipment, entertainment electronic gadgets, household electronic appliances, audio-visual equipment and other valuable items or less functional and durable electronic gadgets that are no longer in use by their original owners. Scholars submitted that e-waste, in most of the time, is grouped into large household appliances, small household appliances, information technology (IT) and telecommunication equipment and consumer equipment [38,39,42,43].Emphatically, it is very undoubtful to declare that Massive volume and tons of e-waste are produced globally [44]. Specifically, it was estimated by scholars that 20 million to 50 million metric tons of e-waste is generated globally every year [25,45-49]. Thus, United States, Western Europe, China, Japan, and Australia are the major countries holding the leading position on the extent of e-waste generation in the world [28,50,51]. Scholars claimed that 50-80% of waste generated in these industrialized nations are probably exported to developing countries like China, India, Nigeria and Ghana [44,48,49,52-53]. Ogungbuyi, Nnorom, Osibanjo & Schluep [38]; UN Comtrade [54] estimated that within the year 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, 2794400, 57050, 46750, 2810900 and 403100 tons of electrical/ electronic wastes were imported to Nigeria respectively. Eyo [40]; Christine [55]; Obaje [37]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez & Takamiya [32]; Sonny [56] reported that 500 containers of fairly used electrical/electronic appliances are imported to Nigeria every months from Europe with each container holding 500 to 800 computers and monitors representing about 400,000 computers arriving to Nigeria every month. Also, Adediran & Abdulkarim [35]; Amachree [31]; Amanze [57]; Bello, Najib, Umar & Ibrahim [58]; Basel Action Network, BAN (59); Khurrum, Adnan and Xiaozhe [60]; Nnorom & Osibanjo [61]; Percy [62]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez & Takamiya [32]; Obaje [37] claimed that five million of fairly used personal computers are imported annually into Nigeria through the major sea port of Lagos alone of which 25-75% of these computer wares are unusable junk and unserviceable. In addition to this, Baldé, Wang, Kuehr & Huisman [45]; Chimere, Peter, Martina and Willie [47] reported that in 2014, Nigeria generated about 219 kilo tons of e-waste. Meanwhile, Amoyaw-Osei et al. [63]; Edward-Ekpu [64]; Percy [62] reported that 1,100,000 tons of e-waste are generated in each year in Nigeria. Thus, the internally generated e-waste coupled with imported e-waste positioned Nigeria as one of the countries where greater volume of e-waste is generated in Africa and in the world at large.
Ogungbuyi, Nnorom, Osibanjo & Schluep [38] expressed that the availability of large number of highly trained but low income informal technicians with impressive ability for repairing and refurbishing of used electrical/electronic equipment for local resale has influenced the importation of used electrical and electronic equipment from developed countries like Europe and North America to Africa such as Nigeria. However, following the fact that Nigeria as a nation lacks modern and standardized e-waste recycling facility, - the unusable, nonfunctional and unserviceable e-waste is dumped in several public places and sites spread around the cities and country [39,65].
Hazardous Component of E-waste Material
Analytically, e-waste is made up of certain components like ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and insulators [39]. E-waste items such as battery and Printed circuit boards among others contain primarily metals and non-metals components and most have certain percentage of chromium, lead, copper, nickel, cadmium, and other heavy metals and zinc [26,44,65,66-68]. Scientists affirmed that e-wastes has different hazardous and non- hazardous substances which are broadly consists of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, plastics, glass, wood & plywood, printed circuit boards, concrete and ceramics, rubber and other items [43]. Heacock, Kelly & Asante, et al. [44]; Napoleon and Sinclair [68]; Needhidasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27] also claimed that e-waste has the content of both toxic and valuable materials in them. Shamsul [69] agreed to this and depicted that most electronic products contain toxic metals of different types which can quickly contaminate the environment when dumped. Thus, electrical/electronic equipment are made from hazardous/toxic elements capable of making e-waste a treat and affecting human and the environmental health in Nigeria [27,32,38,40,60,64,67,69,70-74]. Also, Alake & Ighalo [75] explained that many components of disposed electrical/electronic waste are heinously toxic, non-biodegradable and ecologically debilitating in nature if accidentally released into the environment. In most of the time, e-waste material has severe negative influence on electrical/electronic technicians and the nearby resident, by affecting the air, water and soil around them [38]. Many studies were conducted on identification of e-waste components but none of these studies was specifically focused on hazardous status of e-waste components based on the quantity of abundance in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops. Thus, part of this study would examine the hazardous status of e-waste components based on the quantity of abundance in electrical/ electronic technician’s workshop.
These toxins will end up in the biological systems of living organisms causing terminal ailments, diseases and death if allowed [75,76]. Also, Omenogo [28]; Yousif [77] submitted that when e-waste is not properly disposed, the toxic substances present in components of electrical/electronic equipment can be harmful to humans and other organisms. Obaje [37]; Terada [65] claimed that the risk from e-waste affects the entire ecosystems and it is a major environmental health risk to wildlife and humans. For instance, Anwesha & Pardeep [78] reported that Guiyu in Hong Kong, a flourishing area of illegal e-waste recycling, is battling with shortages of clean and pure water due to the contamination of water resources by e-waste component. Nnorom & Osibanjo [61]; Sridhar & Bammeke [79] reported that in an industrialized area of Lagos state, some water body were tested to be acidic with PH scale of 3.40. This was attributed to mobility of heavy metals from disposed e-waste items and materials and from ash and cinder resulting from the open burning process, toward water bodies used for domestic purposes [61]. Also, Obaje [37]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez & Takamiya [32]; Terada [65] reported that 4,000 tons of hazardous e-waste (polychlorinated biphenyi) imported to koko area in Delta state, Nigeria from Italy in 1988 caused many people in the area died of cancerous diseases before it was discovered and repatriated back to source country. It is not doubtful to claim that number of studies were carried out on general hazardous effect of e-waste but none of these studies specifically focused on hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/electronic service workshop. Thus, this study would investigate the possible effect of electrical/ electronic waste components in electrical/electronic workshop to human and its environment.
Pike Research reported that the volume of electronics e-waste, with increasing adoption of electronic gadgets around the world and ever shorter product life cycles, is expected to double over the next 15 years, from 6 million tons in 2010 to 14.9 million tons, by 2025 [55,80-81]. In another submit, Basel Action Network (BAN) claimed that e-waste generated worldwide has elevated from 9.3 million tons in 2005 to 50 million tons in 2012 [42,30]. Thus, the problem is that only around one tenth of these e-wastes were collected and taken care of [42,48,82- 84] while the remaining 90% become threat to the society and constituting wasting of resources [44,61]. In a real sense, collection of electrical and electronic waste is a sustainable process that maximizes recycling to retain valuable e-waste components in the economy and safely disposes of dangerous components [83-84]. Thus, to get rid of these adverse effects of e-waste that are generated in electrical/electronic service workshop, there is need for proper management of e-waste materials.
E-waste management
Adediran & Abdulkarim [56] submitted that e-waste management is a process of reducing, reusing and recycling of e-waste. Obaje [37]; Waste Management [85] opined that e-waste management is an effective recovery of all reusable materials from old, nonfunctioning, abandoned and disposed electrical/electronic equipment; and safe disposal of the hazardous substances in them to prevent such toxic material from contaminating the environment. Management of e-wastes involves collection, keeping, treatment and disposal of electrical/electronic waste/ scraps in a safe manner to repudiate/prevent human and its environment from harmful effect e-waste [86,87]. Meanwhile, the practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians in their workshops to manage e-waste generated seem to be illegal, primitive and unsafe. Anwesha & Pardeep [78]; SepĂșlveda, Schluep & Renaud [88] claimed that a persistent increase in legal and illegal trade of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) worldwide has caused equally increasing concern of poor WEEE management techniques. Scholars claimed that unsafe, unregulated and unaccountable collection, processing, and redistribution of old or abandoned electrical/electronic equipment are performed by workers at temporary sites, residences, workshops, and open public spaces [44]. Thus, Heacock, Kelly & Asante, et al. [44]; Solving the E-Waste Problem, StEP, Initiative [89] submitted that general practices of e-waste management among the populaces include using acid baths, burning cables, breaking of e-waste item into smaller parts using forceful approach, and dumping of e-waste materials into an unjustifiable position. Meanwhile, these workers may have embarked on e-waste risky processes and practices due to some challenges they may likely to have been facing such as lack of required knowledge, little or no access to latest technology and personal protective equipment among others [44,90]. However, the studies reviewed expatiated on unsafe practices of public general public regarding e-waste management and challenges they might be encountered while managing on e-wastes management. Thus, none of these studies empirically claimed the common practices of electrical/ electronic technicians regarding e-waste management in Nigeria. One of the focus of this study was to determine the common practice adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in their workshops and, the challenges which electrical/ electronic technicians were encountering over e-waste management in their service workshops.
Azodo, Ogban & Okpor [88]; Okwesili, Ndukwe & Nwuzor [91] asserted that management of e-wastes focused on efforts of concerned people through conscious and systematic attempt in maintaining and sustaining an aesthetic, economically viable, physically healthy, conducive and safe environment for living. Hossain, Al-Hamadani & Rahman [42]; India Central Pollution Control Board [92]; Nnorom & Osibanjo [61]; Pinto [93] claimed that reclaiming some of the e-wastes materials and recycling them appropriately will mitigate the severe effect of e-waste on living things including plant and animals and their environment. Hossain, Al-Hamadani & Rahman [42] submitted that proper management of these e-wastes is important for the purpose of getting free from hazardous chemicals effect they possessed. Obaje [37]; Opara [94] claimed also that failure to effectively manage e-waste can leads to adverse environmental deterioration, depletion of potentially valuable resource base for secondary equipment and by extension serves as blocking stone for the attainment of sustainable development. The goal three and eleven of sustainable development (agenda 2030) declared in September 25-27, 2015 at United Nation Head Quarters, New York emphasized that quality and healthy living and well-being for all at all ages; and inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and human settlements must be the ultimate priority of all nations including Nigeria [95-103]. The target for attaining these goals among others includes strengthening the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks; and reduces the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management [101-102]. However, there is need to device appropriate management techniques for e-waste materials in electrical/electronic workshops globally and in Nigeria to be specific. This will go a long way in helping nations including Nigeria to achieve the sustainable healthy environment which goal three and eleven of agenda 2030 of sustainable development is advocating.
Anwesha & Pardeep [76] explained that the appropriate management measures of e-waste include establishment of stringent regulations. United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, [104] opined that strengthening the political cooperation of a country to promote capacity building among workers and enhance public and private investment on safe and environmentally careful waste management technology will reduce adverse effect of e-waste. Also, Alabaster, Asante & Bergman et al. [105] recognized that bringing poverty to minimum level will alleviate the e-waste challenge in the long-term. Heacock, Kelly & Asante [44] submitted that raise the awareness and regulation of trans-boundary movement and disposal of hazardous and other wastes is a critical means of managing e-waste. Thus, portion of this study would empirically determine the techniques required to manage e-wastes in electrical/electronic service workshops in Nigeria. This is because none of existing studies has ever investigated on techniques for managing e-waste in technician’s workshops. However, the purpose of this study was to advance electrical/electronic waste management techniques among electrical/ electronic technicians’ workshops for sustainable healthy society. Specifically, the study sort to address the following research questions:
What is the hazardous status of e-waste components base on their level of abundance in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops?
a) What is the hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/ electronic technicians’ workshops to human and its environment?
b) What are the common practices adopted by electrical/ electronic technicians to manage e-waste in their workshops?
c) What are the challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encountered over e-waste management in their workshops?
d) What is the e- waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops?/p>
Paul [106] claimed that demographic measures typically are used to identify key respondent characteristics that might influence opinion and/or are correlated with behaviours and experiences. Demographic measures include age, type of school, gender, level of academic study, race and educational attainment among other [106-107]. Thus, this study will test influence of qualification, experience, age and occupation on respondents’ opinions on advancement of waste management techniques in electrical/electronic’ workshops for sustainable Nigerian health society.
Hypotheses
a) HA1 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous status of e-waste components base on their level of abundance in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops.
b) HA2 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous effect of electrical/electronic waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops.
c) HA3 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on common practices adopted by electrical/ electronic technicians to manage e-waste in their workshops.
d) HA4 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encountered over e-waste management in their workshops.
e) HA2 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on e- waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops.
Materials and Methods
The study adopted Descriptive Survey research design. The study was conducted in Nigeria. Nganzi [108]; Gall, Gall & Borg [109] opined that descriptive surveys research design can be used to collect detailed and factual information that describes an existing phenomenon- their form, actions, changes over time and similarities with other phenomena- from all or a chosen number of the population of the concerned universe. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study because information regarding e-waste management was collected from experts using questionnaire. The study sampled one hundred and forty-one participants [110] which included 54 public health officers and 87 engineering lecturers in five Nigerian universities: 20 lecturers from Metallurgical and material engineering, 35 lecturers from Civil engineering and 32 lecturers from Electrical/electronic engineering in Nigeria. The study adopted structured questionnaire as instrument for data collection. The instrument was divided into Part 1 and 2. Part 1 of the instrument was used to receive demographic information of research participants while Part 2 of the instrument was divided into five sections-A, B, C, D and E- to illicit participant responses on hazardous status of e-waste component, hazardous effect of e-waste components, common practice adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste material, challenges encountered by technicians over e-waste management and e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops respectively. Questionnaire items were subjected to face and content validity through the help of three experts from two Nigerian universities. The internal consistency of instrument was checked using Cronbach Alfa method. Thus, 0.76, 0.81, 0.69, 0.85 and 0.70 reliability coefficient estimate were obtained for section A, B, C, D and E respectively. Meanwhile, 0.79 was obtained as reliability coefficient estimate for the overall instrument. The instrument was administered using interpersonal contact by researchers and three research assistants. Researcher ensured consent of research participants using interpersonal discussion before the questionnaire is administered and through consent letter attached to the questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 22. The research questions were answered using mean, standard deviation and percentage. Meanwhile, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance. 50 percent, being the average percentage value, was considered as cutoff point before any item could be considered as strongly belong to any response category.While the average mean value (cut-off point) decision for section B, C, D and E was 1 2 3 4 5/2=3.0
Presentation of Result
Table 1 shows detail demographic profile of research participants. Specifically, the table illustrated two group of participants- 87 engineering lecturers which comprises of 20 metallurgical and material lecturers, 35 civil engineering lecturers and 32 electrical/electronic lecturers; and 54 public health officers. The participants, in regard to experience distribution, has 9 bachelor’s degree holders, 86 master’s degree holders and 46 PhD holders. The study participants, regarding experience distribution, comprised six participants with 0-9 years of experience, ninety-nine participants with 10-19 years of experience, nine participants with 20-29 years of experience and twenty-seven participants with 30 and above years of experience. Finally, in regard to age distribution, three of participants fell within the age range of 20-30, eleven participants fell within the age range of 31 and 40, eighty four participants fell within the age range of 41-50, thirty nine participants fell between the age ranges of 51- 60 and 4 participants fell within the age range of 61-70.
Data in Table 2 revealed that respondents agreed that all the 34 components of e-waste are hazardous except aluminum. Specifically, lead, mercury, glass and organophosphorus had percentage ratings ranged between 66.6% and 95% under the category of ‘hazardous when slightly abundant’. This depicted that these components are hazardous and can intoxicate the environment irrespective of the volume and quantity. Iron, copper, wood, yttrium, zinc, chlorobenzene and radioactive elements had percentage ratings ranged between 63.6% and 90.8% under the category of ‘hazardous when moderately abundant’. This indicated that these components are hazardous but can intoxicate the environment only when they are fairly or averagely abundant. Also, toner dust, cadmium, brominated flame among other components of e-waste had percentage ratings ranged between 61.0% and 95% under the category of ‘hazardous when largely abundant’. This illustrated that these components are hazardous but can intoxicate the environment only when they are largely or excessively abundant. Meanwhile, aluminum had percentage ratings of 68.8% under the category of ‘not hazardous regardless of state of abundant’. This depicted that aluminum cannot intoxicate the environment regardless of the volume and quantity. Many scholastic reports supported this finding. Reports claimed that over 60% of the total weight of most of e-waste consists of iron, gold, aluminum, copper, lead, mercury, beryllium, cadmium, chromium and brominated flame retardants, of which 2.7% are pollutants [27,110-114] and cause severe hazard to ecosystems with the attendant environmental health risk to wildlife and humans [38,94,115]. The composition of electronic wastes is mostly in various forms and types, containing more than 1,000 different toxic and non-toxic substances [42,116]. Also, gases releases from e-wastes component like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/ Fs) among others affects bio-physical environments and cause detrimental effects to human health [42,117]. Furthermore, scholars reported that some of toxic heavy metals found in e-waste include copper, beryllium, lead, tin, cadmium, brominated flame retardants, antimony, barium, and mercury [25,118]. Obaje [37]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez & Takamiya [32]; Terada [65] reported that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exported to Koko area of Delta State, Nigeria in June 1988 was hazardous and caused death of cancer to people of the community.  
Table 3 showed that the hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/ electronic workshops stood at mean value of (4.49±0.51). Meanwhile, the mean rating for each item stood at mean values ranged between (4.14±0.35) and (4.63±0.48). This depicted that all the 25 items had mean ratings above the cut-off point of 3.0 and were considered by respondents as hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops to human and its environment. United Nations Environment Programme [49] supported this result and herein reported that failure to care for solid wastes including e-waste incurs a severe penalty, later, in the form of resources needlessly lost, foul odours and unsightliness and contamination of air, water, and soil resources. Individuals who live near or on disposal sites, are infected with gastrointestinal parasites, worms, and related organisms [49]. Furthermore, study found that 36.3% of 1,000 women living near the informal recycling sites experienced stillbirths in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh and 64% had hearing and/or vision problems [42,119-121]. Also, burnt e-wastes produce smoke, dust or carbon particles from toners consist of carcinogens and other hazardous chemicals which causes severe inflammations and lesions including many respiratory, lung and skin cancer and diseases [68].
Table 4 showed that the common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in workshops stood at mean value of (4.12±0.61). Meanwhile, the mean rating for thirteen items (item 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14) stood at mean values ranged between (3.19±0.51) and (4.56±0.50). This proclaimed that all thirteen items had mean ratings above the cut-off point of 3.0 and were considered by respondents as common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in workshops. Meanwhile, item 12 had rating value (2.34±0.91) bellow the cutoff value of 3.00 and was not considered by respondents as common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in workshops. The scholars Needhidasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27]; Sivakumaran [68] supported this finding wherein reported that dismantling of e-wastes takes much labor, in countries like China and in some parts of India where big quantity of tons of e-wastes are junked, dismantled, shredding, tearing and burning. Needhidasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27]; Sinha-Khetriwal [73] reported that in Mumbai metropolis alone, people throw away 19,000 to 20,000 tons of electronic waste every month. Babatunde [25] reported that uncontrolled burning, disassembly and disposal which are common in the society can cause environmental and health problems. Also, Edward-Ekpu [64] reported that in Nigeria, a lot of e-waste are also stockpiled in offices and homes.
Table 5 showed that the challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encounter over e-waste management stood at mean value of (4.62±0.44). Meanwhile, the mean rating for each item stood at mean values ranged between (4.40±0.49) and (4.94±0.23). This depicted that all the 10 items had mean ratings above the cut-off point of 3.0 and were considered by respondents as challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encounter over e-waste management in workshops. Thus, this result was supported by scholars and scientist in the field of waste management. Obaje [37] submitted that e-waste is a major problem in Nigeria today because there is very low level of awareness of the hazards and health risk associated with e-waste. Needhidasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27] reported that people who are working with e-waste sector are the urban poor with very low literacy levels and hence have very little awareness regarding the hazards of e-waste toxins. Babatunde [25] reported that one of the challenges facing e-waste management in Nigeria is lack of public awareness by manufacturers and consumers on the inherent dangers of handling and trading in e-waste and lack of a comprehensive e-waste management regulation or legislation in Nigeria to regulate, control and prohibit the flow of used consumer electronic products within Nigeria. E-waste collection in Nigeria is not organized because there are no collection centres for e-waste materials and this however caused most of e-wastes to be dumped along with other wastes [64].
Table 6 revealed that the e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops stood at mean value of (4.43±0.49). Meanwhile, the mean rating for each item stood at mean values ranged between (4.03±0.58) and (4.96±0.20). This proclaimed that all the 34 items had mean ratings above the cut-off point of 3.0 and were considered by respondents as e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops. The reports of past research supported the present findings. Manfred [122] supported this finding and herein reported that waste management service is falling too short of the desired level of efficiency and satisfaction resulting in problems of health, sanitation and environmental degradation due to absence of serious efforts from necessary authorities. Thus, Needhidasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27] reported that technical and policy-level interventions, implementation and capacity building and increasing the public awareness can convert this challenge of massive e-waste generated into an opportunity. Babatunde [25] recommended that government should establish regulatory framework, through relevant agencies to manage e-waste and permanent e-waste collection facilities should be provided at strategic locations and usage of such facilities should be enforced. Ewuim, Akunne, Abajue, Nwankwo & Faniran [39] submitted that mass education and awareness should be created by regulatory bodies and government on inherent dangers of poor e-waste management on the environment.
Table 7 shows the summary of analysis of t-test and one-way between-groups analysis of variance that was conducted to explore the influence of qualification, experience, age and occupation of public health officers and engineering lecturers on their response to research questions. Participants were divided into three, four, five and two groups according to their qualification, experience, age and occupation respectively.
Hypothesis 1
Thus, qualification statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous status of e-waste components in electrical/electronic workshops base on level of abundance: F (2,138) = 6.688; Sig.= 0.002. Experience statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous status of e-waste components in electrical/electronic workshops base on level of abundance: F (3,137) = 8.018; Sig.= 0.000. Age statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous status of e-waste components in electrical/electronic workshops base on level of abundance: F (4,136) = 24.228; Sig.= 0.000. Meanwhile, occupation did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous status of e-waste components in electrical/electronic workshops base on level of abundance: F (139, 90.976) = 0.232; Sig.= 0.631.
Hypothesis 2
Qualification statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops: F (2,138) = 7.384; Sig.= 0.001. Experience statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops: F (3,137) = 11.573; Sig.= 0.000. Age statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/ electronic technicians’ workshops: F (4,136) = 11.365; Sig.= 0.000. Meanwhile, occupation did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops: F (139, 110.082) = 0.145; Sig.= 0.704.
Hypothesis 3
Qualification did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in the workshops: F(2,138)= 0.556; Sig.= 0.575. Experience did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in the workshops: F(3,137)= 0.700; Sig.= 0.553. Age did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on common practices adopted by electrical/ electronic technicians to manage e-waste in the workshops: F(4,136)= 0.923; Sig.= 0.453. Also, occupation did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on common practices adopted by electrical/ electronic technicians to manage e-waste in the workshops: F(139,104.969)= 0.627; Sig.= 0.430.
Hypothesis 4
Qualification statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encounter over e-waste management: F(2,138)= 9.809; Sig.= 0.000. Age statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/electronics technicians encounter over e-waste management: F(4,136)= 4.856; Sig.= 0.001.Meanwhile, experience did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encounter over e-waste management: F(3,137)= 0.319; Sig.= 0.812. Also, occupation did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encounter over e-waste management: F(139, 113.799)= 0.084; Sig.= 0.773.
Hypothesis 5
Qualification statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops: F(2,138)= 24.196; Sig.= 0.000. Age statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops: F(4,136)= 17.938; Sig.= 0.000.Meanwhile, experience did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops: F(3,137)= 0 .781; Sig.= 0.507. Also, occupation did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops: F(139, 113.799)= 0.095; Sig.= 0.757. Omenogo [28], while comparing the practices of two tertiary institutions in Nigeria on e-waste management, reported that institution was not a determining factor on whether a department keep records of discarded electronic equipment and records of stored out of use electronic items. Ohajinwa, Peter, Martina & Willie [123] reported also that health risk awareness level of the e-waste workers was significantly lower compared with their counterparts in the same informal sector. Thus, this study has commonalities with those previous studies.
Conclusion
The study investigated advancement of electrical/electronic waste management techniques among electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops for sustainable healthy society. The study uncovered the hazardous status of many composition of electronic waste materials based on the level of abundance. The study also revealed empirically the hazardous effect of e-waste materials in electrical/electronic workshops. Also, study confirmed the common e-waste practices among electrical/electronic technicians in their workshops and the challenges they are facing on e-waste management. Finally, this study discovered e-waste management techniques required for managing e-waste materials in electrical/electronic workshops. This study was geared purposely to reconstruct our society for sustainable and conducive living.
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mechaniclincoln · 5 years ago
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mobilemechanicsomaha · 5 years ago
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Cadillac, formally the Cadillac Motor Car Division, is a division of the U.S.-based General Motors (GM) that markets luxury vehicles worldwide. Its primary markets are the United States, Canada, and China, but Cadillac-branded vehicles are distributed in 34 additional markets worldwide. Historically, Cadillac automobiles have always held a place at the top of the luxury field within the United States. In 2017, Cadillac's U.S. sales were 156,440 vehicles and its global sales were 356,467 vehicles Cadillac is among the oldest automobile brands in the world, second in America only to fellow GM marque Buick. The firm was founded from the remnants of the Henry Ford Company in 1902.[4] It was named after Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded Detroit, Michigan. The Cadillac crest is based on his coat of arms. By the time General Motors purchased the company in 1909, Cadillac had already established itself as one of America's premier luxury carmakers. The complete interchangeability of its precision parts had allowed it to lay the foundation for the modern mass production of automobiles. It was at the forefront of technological advances, introducing full electrical systems, the clashless manual transmission and the steel roof. The brand developed three engines, with its V8 setting the standard for the American automotive industry. Cadillac was the first American car to win the Royal Automobile Club of the United Kingdom's Dewar Trophy by successfully demonstrating the interchangeability of its component parts during a reliability test in 1908; this spawned the firm's slogan "Standard of the World". It won the trophy again in 1912 for incorporating electric starting and lighting in a production automobile.
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abqtowing505 · 5 years ago
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Cadillac Repair Cadillac Service Cadillac Mechanic Albuquerque | Towing Services of Albuquerque
More information is at: http://towingalbuquerque.org/cadillac/
Cadillac, formally the Cadillac Motor Car Division, is a division of the U.S.-based General Motors (GM) that markets luxury vehicles worldwide. Its primary markets are the United States, Canada, and China, but Cadillac-branded vehicles are distributed in 34 additional markets worldwide. Whether your Cadillac vehicle is due for scheduled maintenance or needs a major repair, our certified mobile mechanics and technicians can help with Cadillac repairs. Towing Services of Albuquerque is the most reliable and skilled shop in Albuquerque for your Cadillac repair, Cadillac roadside assistance, Cadillac mobile mechanic, Cadillac towing service or Cadillac service with our ASE certified technicians and advanced facility. Service area includes Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, Bernalillo, Los Lunas, Belen, Santa Fe, Socorro, Edgewood New Mexico. CONTACT US today! The best mobile mechanics, mobile auto repair and roadside assistance service near Albuquerque NM!
Cadillac
Cadillac, formally the Cadillac Motor Car Division, is a division of the U.S.-based General Motors (GM) that markets luxury vehicles worldwide. Its primary markets are the United States, Canada, and China, but Cadillac-branded vehicles are distributed in 34 additional markets worldwide. Historically, Cadillac automobiles have always held a place at the top of the luxury field within the United States. In 2017, Cadillac's U.S. sales were 156,440 vehicles and its global sales were 356,467 vehicles Cadillac is among the oldest automobile brands in the world, second in America only to fellow GM marque Buick. The firm was founded from the remnants of the Henry Ford Company in 1902.[4] It was named after Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded Detroit, Michigan. The Cadillac crest is based on his coat of arms. By the time General Motors purchased the company in 1909, Cadillac had already established itself as one of America's premier luxury carmakers. The complete interchangeability of its precision parts had allowed it to lay the foundation for the modern mass production of automobiles. It was at the forefront of technological advances, introducing full electrical systems, the clashless manual transmission and the steel roof. The brand developed three engines, with its V8 setting the standard for the American automotive industry. Cadillac was the first American car to win the Royal Automobile Club of the United Kingdom's Dewar Trophy by successfully demonstrating the interchangeability of its component parts during a reliability test in 1908; this spawned the firm's slogan "Standard of the World". It won the trophy again in 1912 for incorporating electric starting and lighting in a production automobile.
CALL US FOR: ‱ Cadillac repair ‱ Cadillac Roadside Assistance ‱ Cadillac Mobile Mechanic ‱ Cadillac Service ‱ Cadillac AC Repair & Recharge ‱ Cadillac Check Engine Light ‱ Cadillac Brake Replacement ‱ Cadillac Alternator Repair ‱ Cadillac Starter Replacement ‱ Cadillac Engine Belt Replacement ‱ Cadillac Radiator Repair ‱ Cadillac Fuel Pump ‱ Cadillac Timing Belt ‱ Cadillac Tune Ups ‱ Window Motors ‱ Cadillac Computer Diagnostic ‱ Cadillac Smog System Repair ‱ Cadillac Mobile Diesel Mechanic ‱ Cadillac Pre-Purchase Car Inspection ‱ Cadillac Ignition Switch/Lock & Cylinder Replacement ‱ Cadillac Car Towing ‱ Cadillac Towing Service Albuquerque ‱ Cadillac Head Light/Tail Light Replacement ‱ Cadillac Mobile RV Mechanic ‱ Cadillac 24 Hour Mechanic Albuquerque ‱ Cadillac Flat Tire Repair ‱ Cadillac Tire Change ‱ Cadillac Pre-Purchase Vehicle Inspection
Contact Us: Towing Services of Albuquerque Best towing, roadside assistance and mobile roadside services in Albuquerque New Mexico CALL (505) 346-2682 Towing and Roadside Assistance CALL (505) 485-1618 Mobile Mechanic Albuquerque Rio Rancho New Mexico WEBSITE: http://towingalbuquerque.org http://mobileautotruckrepairalbuquerque.com/ https://towing-services-of-albuquerque.business.site
COMMUNITIES WE SERVICE: Albuquerque, NM, Old Town, Los Duranes, Albuquerque, Martinez Town, Los Candelarias, Barelas, Atrisco, Five Points, Hahn, Los Griegos, Armijo, Lee Acres, Kirtland Addition, Arenal, Los Ranchos De Albuquerque, Vista Encantada, North Valley, Taylor Ranch, Kinney, South Valley, Alameda, Mesa Village, Hoffmantown, Buena Ventura, Paradise Hills, Mountainview, Sandia Vista, Barr, Chelwood Park, La Cuesta, Rio Rancho, Canada Village, Los Padillas, Rio Rancho Estates, Corrales, Sandia Heights, Pueblo Of Sandia Village, Carnuel, Sandia Pueblo, Tierra Monte Subdivision, Evergreen Hills Subdivision, Isleta Pueblo, Isleta Village Proper, Isleta, Bernalillo, Tijeras, Casa Loma, Ranchitos, Primera Agua, Cedar Crest, Forest Park, Canoncito, Bosque Farms, Zamora, Sandia Park, El Chapparal, El Llanito, Paquita, Rivajana, El Tablazon, Cedro, San Antonito, Peralta, Chical, El Refugio, La Madera, La Ladera, Dennis Chaves Estates, Los Pinos, Placitas, Los Lentes ZIP CODES WE SERVICE: 87104,87187,87193,87101,87103,87191,87190,87185,87194,87192,87195,87196,87197,87198,87199,87184,87181,87176,87125,87153,87154,87158,87174,87151,87102,87131,87107,87106,87119,87120,87110,87108,87109,87113,87114,87117,87105,87121,87112,87048,87116,87111,87122,87123,87068
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mindthump · 7 years ago
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50 Work-From-Home Jobs Paying as Much or a Lot More Than the Average American Salary http://ift.tt/2Ded3G7
There was a time when working from home was a pipe dream. Thanks to technology like Slack, there’s been a surge of legit jobs you can do from home.
Whether that’s working remotely for a company or starting your own business there’s no shortage of work-at-home opportunities. Here are 50 work from home jobs that most make above the average American salary.
1. Affiliate Marketer
For those unfamiliar with affiliate marketing, it’s simply referral marketing where you earn a commission. Let’s say that you have a website and refer a book on Amazon. When the visitor clicks the affiliate link and buys the books, Amazon will pay you a percentage of the sale.
People love affiliate marketing because you can start earning money passively with little start-up costs.
Related: 5 Ways to Ensure Remote Employees Feel Part of the Team
2. Animator
Are you an artistic and creative individual who is able to create animation and visual effects for television, movies, video games, and other types of media? Then you can work at home as freelance animator. I’ve seen animators make between $25 to $106 an hour on sites like Upwork.
3. Baker/Caterer/Chef
If you have a knack for baking or cooking, then turn your passion into a side business. From your own kitchen you could start a catering or personal chef business. If you’re a baker, you could sell you goods to friends, neighbors, online, or at local farmer’s markets.
4. Blogger
Blogging is inexpensive and easy to start. It could be as simple as you just writing about your favorite music or food. Eventually, this hobby can start generating some money for you.
Just keep in mind that you need to pay patient when it comes to cashing-in on your blog. If this is something you want to pursue, check out this guide from the person who taught me six-figure blogging. Zac took me from earning nothing blogging to a solid six figures in 18 months.
5. Bookkeeper
Believe it or not, you don’t have to be a CPA to start bookkeeping. Just sign-up for a bookkeeping course at a community college or even online, such as this course from the Accounting Coach. Once completed you can start making a start earning. The median salary is $34,000. There are some stay at home bookkeepers I've talked with making upwards of $70,000.
6. Child Caregiver
I’m sure that you have more than enough friends, family, and neighbors who could use someone to watch their children. Whether if it’s just for a couple of hours or for the entire day, running a childcare business from your home can be lucrative. Just make sure that you obtain the correct licences and permits.
7. Clinical Research Coordinator
As noted in Business Insider, this is where you, "Assist in the management of daily clinical trials operations; provide oversight of all organization, clinical, site, and vendor activities; and manage trial master files." You can make over $48,000 and you don't need a bachelor's degree.
Related: Bashing the Stereotypes: What You Need to Know About Gen Z
8. Consulting
If you have experience and knowledge in a specific area, then share it with others. For example, if you’re an accountant or lawyer, then you can provide advice to small businesses for a pretty penny. You could also consult businesses on how to use a new software program or how to become more environmentally-friendly.
My company has this consulting guide to get started.
9. Customer Service Rep
Do you possess excellent communication skills? Do you also have a landline and reliable internet? Then you can earn between $8-$15 per hour as a customer service rep.
10. Data Entry
Inputting data for businesses isn’t the most of exciting of jobs. However, you don’t need any previous experience and you can start at $10 per hour.
11. Direct Salesperson
This will require a little investment upfront, but you’ll receive all the tools and resources to get started. However, you’ll receive 20 percent to 35 percent of sales in commissions. And, you can find a direct sales opportunity to match your passion since there are companies that sell jewelry, coffee, wine, pet products, or gardening supplies.
12. Ecommerce Store Owner
There are five types of eCommerce business models; dropshipping, wholesaling, manufacturing, white-labeling, and subscription. And, thanks to sites like Shopify, Magento, or WooCommerce, you can quickly launch your own ecommerce store.
13. Editing and Proofreading
Companies like Book in a Box pay $20 per hour to editors, book jacket designers, and proofreaders.
14. Event Planner
Whether if it’s planning a wedding, birthday party, or corporate event, people are looking for organized individuals to do most of the event planning for them.
Related: Learn the 4 Principles That Helped This Virtual Company Become One of the Best Cultures in America
15. Film and Post Instructional Videos
Are you really good at something? Then create a YouTube account and start filming yourself instructing others your unique skills. To start earning some cash, enroll in YouTube’s partner program so that you can make $1 to $2 per 1,000 hits.
16. Grant Writer
Universities, hospitals, and nonprofits are organizations that need to apply for grant money. Since these can be difficult to write, they turn to talented grant writers. As a grant writer you can make between $40,300 to $67,000 per year..
17. Graphic Designer
Businesses are in need of someone to design their logo, website, or visual ads. If you have a degree or certification in this area, you can make a comfortable salary or $45,000 annually. This is starting, the better you get, the more clients will refer other clients over to you. Here is a killer guide I put together on how to build a website that should help you get started.
18. Handmade Crafter
Do you make handmade products like jewelry or furniture? If so, set up an Etsy shop and start selling your handmade crafts online.
19. Instructor
Do you know how to play a musical instrument? Can you get people in shape? Whatever your knowledge or experience, people will pay you to share that information with them. Even if you don’t want people coming into your home, you could always start an online instructional program.
20. Internet Security Specialist
As an internet security specialist, you monitor networks for security threats and implement security standards. You may als install data protection systems as well. Given the attention that online security has been receiving, this job is expected to grow steadily over the next several years.
Related: How to Stay Motivated Working From Home
21. Online Juror
When attorneys prepare for a trial they often seek feedback on their case. Depending on the mock jury site, you can make between $5 to $150 for your opinion.
22. Online Teacher
Are you a teacher that’s looking for a more flexible schedule? Then consider teaching via Skype or in a pre-recorded session through organizations like K12 (K12.com) and Connections Academy (ConnectionsAcademy.com).
23. Patent or Intellectual Property Lawyer
Applying for a patent or protecting intellectual property are both areas where expert advice is needed. As such, if this is your area of the law, you can make between $112 per hour to $121 per hour.
24. Peer-to-Peer Lender
Thanks to sites like Lending Club and Prosper, you can easily lend money to a business or individual. As an investor, you make money on the paid interest of the note.
25. Pet Groomer
Do love being around animals? Are you also patient enough to clean and style pets? If so, this is a perfect home-based business.
Related: The Biggest Do's and Don'ts of Video Conferencing
26. Photographer/Videographer
Even though everyone has a camera on their phone these days, there’s still a need for these types of professionals like for events like weddings. You can also sell your images on sites like Foap.com.
27. Product Reviewer
This may sound too good to be true, but you can actually make a decent living just by reviewing the products that you use daily. In fact, you can earn between $20,000 to $95,000.
28. Programmer
Learning a programming language, such as Ruby, can make around $61 per hour. Not too shabby. If you’re interested, here’s a handy programmer guide to get you on your way.
29. Realtor
While you can run a reality business from your home, as long as you have your state’s real estate license, you still have to show potential buyers the home. And, don’t forget that you also have to prepare the home for showing too. However, thanks to technology, you can become a virtual realtor where you can show a property without having to physically be there.
30. Renter
Do you have an extra bedroom? How about a car you don’t drive everyday? Are there household items laying around collecting dust? If so, rent them out to people who could use them. I personally made over $50k renting out my basement in 2017.
31. Repairer
If you have a knack for fixing things, like bicycles, cars, or computers, then launch your own repair business. It probably doesn’t cost more than a little marketing to get started since you probably already have the tools and resources.
Related: 3 Ways to Keep Employees Productive at Home
32. Short Tasks
A short task is a job or assignment that can be completed quickly. Examples include writing a review, taking a survey, or watching a video. They may not pay much, but it’s a fast and easy way to make money from home. Here’s a list of short task sites you should check out if interested.
33. Social Media Manager
There are a lot of organizations who need someone to manage their social media accounts. Some organizations may even want you to completely develop a social media strategy for them.
34. Stylist
If you love fashion, and want to work from home, then you can become an online stylist. According to the Penny Hoarder, you can make $15 per hour.
35. Survey Taker
This won’t make you a millionaire. But you can get paid between $1 to $50 for taking an opinion poll, answering questions about shopping habits or reviewing a product. You’re usually paid by check, PayPal, or points that can be redeemed for gift cards.
36. Tax Preparer
Even though this is a seasonal gig, you can make a salary of over $30,000. Don’t forget to register with the IRS before you start this home-based business.
37. Become an Expert
Nowadays people are going online to find someone that is an expert at things they are struggling with. A growing trend is hiring an expert vs hiring a large company to come in and help them fix problems. A great resource that I've found is Catalant.
I've been able to hire some of the worlds leading experts from this site. Average hourly is from around $15 all the way up to $280/hr making this a great option if you're looking to help others with your knowledge.
Related: How This Mom Grew Multiple 6-Figure Businesses From Home
38. Telephone Nurse
If you’re a registered nurse, then you could work for health insurers or health management companies like Humana, Aetna and UnitedHealth Group. They actually hire nurses remotely to handle case management, treatment authorization, and patient education.
39. Transcriber/Transcriptionist
This job is essentially you just listening to audio files and then typing out what you are, such as a lecture or doctor's medical dictation. It’s an entry-level gig that can pay up to $25 per hour.
40. Translator
Are you fluent in another language? Start earning a living off of these skill by translating documents or being an interpreter.
41. Travel Agent
Despite the fact that there are numerous travel sites that make planning a trip a breeze, it can still be time-consuming. What’s more, there may be certain travel conditions that you are not aware of. That’s why there’s still a need for travel agent to scour the web for the best deals, share advice, or plan your itinerary.
42. Virtual Assistant
If you’re organized and can handle office duties like replying to emails, calendar management, entering data, and assisting with social media, then this job is perfect for you. And you can make between $10-$15 per hour.
Related: 4 Reasons Not to Be a Stiff About Employees Working From Home
43. Virtual Public Relation Rep
For small-to-mid sized businesses, they don’t have the budget for a dedicated CMO or VP of Marketing or even a public relations firm. But, they may have the funds to hire a virtual PR to take care of duties like promoting a business or managing a crisis.
44. Virtual Recruiter
This is pretty much the same position as an in-house recruiter - expect you get to work wherever you want. The other major difference is that you search the web to find the right employee for the right position. You’re also responsible for screening the applicant and being a part of the interviewing and negotiation process. There are even recruiters being paid upward of $125/hr for building resume templates.
45. Virtual Tutor
If you have extensive knowledge in a specific area, then you could earn between $12 to $35 per hour by tutoring students either over-the-phone or Skype.
46. Voice Acting
If you have a golden voice, you can make somewhere between $56 to $72 per hour.
47. Web Developer
Depending on the specific job, as well as your expertise, you could bring-in between $55,000 – $175,000 per year to build websites from scratch.
Related: The Legal Implications of Expecting Employees to Work After Hours
48. Web Search Evaluator
In order to deliver the most accurate search results, search engines pay individuals to analyze search results. You don’t have to have much experience and you can haul-in $12-$15 per hour.
49. Website Tester
Businesses want to make sure that their websites are intuitive and easy to navigate. As such, they’ll assign instructions for people to follow to check out their site. Each test usually takes around 15 to 20 minutes. In return, you’ll be paid $10 to $15 per test.
50. Writing Gigs
Businesses of all sizes need written content, like blog posts, website copy, or eBook. As a result, there are thousands of writing gigs available that pay anywhere between $10 to $100 per hour.
Related: 50 Work-From-Home Jobs Paying as Much or a Lot More Than the Average American Salary Is a Coworking Space Worth the Cost if You're Already Working From Home? 5 Ways to Work Remotely Without Being Overlooked
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darcyfarber · 5 years ago
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The Best of the Best Proven Side Hustles You Should Know About
Need to make a little (or a lot) of extra money this month?
Side hustles are an incredible way to boost your monthly income. Whether you want to stay home and make money from home, get out of the house to make money, or try something unique and fun – I have you covered.
This list is updated weekly and if there is anything you think I need to take out or add to the list, please let me know in the comments below the post.
Also, if you do find something and you’re having a lot of success with it, you’d be helping everyone out by sharing your win in the comments below. Thanks so much and enjoy the guide to making more money each month.
Table of Contents
My First Picks...
1. Share Your Opinion
2. Door Dash
3. VIPKID
4. Airbnb
5. Share Your Blog with the World
6. Become a Virtual Assistant
Online Hustles
7. Start a Social Media Marketing Business
8. Ebates (Now Rakuten)
9. Honey Browser Extension
10. Inbox Dollars
11. Fiverr
12. Make Money with PayPal
13. Amazon
14. Amazon Affiliate Links
15. eBook Publishing
16. Etsy
17. Craigslist
18. User Testing
19. Become a Freelance Writer
20. Zazzle
21. eBay
22. Do Transcription Work or Data Entry Work
23. Sell Your Photos Online
24. Start a Web Design Business
Driving Hustles
25. Uber/Lyft Driver-Partner
26. Uber Eats
27. Be a Paid Designated Driver
28. Drive People to the Airport
Extremely Passive Hustles
29. Rent Out Your Garage or Driveway
30. Become a Voiceover Artist
31. Rent out your Car
32. Rent out a Room full-time
Some Skill Required Hustles
33. Become an Online Coach
34. Create an Online Course
35. Spray Tanning
36. Become a Cover Letter/Resume’ Writer
37. Develop an App
38. Catering
39. Computer Repair
40. Computer Training
41. Guitar Gigs
42. Guitar Lessons
43. Handyman Work
44. Lifeguard
45. Mobile Oil Change
46. Network Marketing
47. Personal Training
48. Tutoring
49. Teach Music Lessons
50. Start a Baking Business
51. Become a Sports Umpire
Physical Labor Hustles
52. Clean Pools
53. House Cleaning
54. Mowing Lawns
55. Painting Gates
56. Painting Services
57. Shoveling Snow
58. Wash Cars
59. Wash Windows
Unique Hustles
60. Rent out Your Baby Gear
61. Sell Your Hair Online
62. Paint Street Numbers
63. Sell Drinks
64. TaskRabbit
65. Start a Home Staging Business
66. Be a Work-From-Home Customer Service Rep
67. Start an Estate Sale Service Business
68. Start a Vending Machine Business
69. Pick Up Trash in Parking Lots
You’ve Got to be Kidding Me Hustles
70. Be a Sperm Donor
71. Be a Plasma Donor
72. Become a Cuddler
73. Pick up Dog Poop
74. Rent-a-Friend
Easy Peasy Hustles
75. Babysitting
76. Dog Walking
77. Gig Walking
78. Golf Course
79. House-sitting
80. Mystery Shopper
81. Pet Grooming
82. Pet Sitting
83. RedBox
84. Sell ScrapMetal
85. Tax Prep
86. Sign Spinner
87. Sign Holder
Final Takeaway
My First Picks

These first five are favorites because they are quick ways to get started making extra money and they have long-term potential as well! All five of them do require an internet connection, but sine you’re reading this from the internet, I think you’re covered there ?
1. Share Your Opinion
and get money sent to your PayPal
Yup, you can actually generate side income by simply giving your opinion via online surveys. It’s not going to make you rich tomorrow, but it’s still a great way to generate extra income during your down time.
If you think surveys may be the way to go, check out our full list of the top survey companies for both online and offline opinions here.
Survey Junkie
  2. Door Dash
Door Dash is our favorite pick for food delivery because it’s been reported back to us that DoorDashers make slightly more than UberEats drivers. While we don’t have any factual statistics to prove this right or wrong, we still pick DoorDash over UberEats as our top side hustle for food delivery. If you have a car, bike, or scooter, get started with Door Dash today and start making money for your next vacation, your upcoming wedding, or whatever expense you’re saving for!
Maybe you just don’t feel like driving people around in your car or maybe you don’t even have a car. Depending on the city you live in, Uber Eats allows you to deliver food to people via your car, bike, or scooter. Turn on the app in the morning before work, when you get home, or whenever you have some extra time to make money on your terms.
Door Dash
  3. VIPKID
VIPKID will pay you up to $22/hour to teach English from the comfort of your home to children in China. Currently VIPKID has over 70,000 teachers teaching English as a second language to over 600,000 children in China.
They do require you to have a Bachelor’s degree from either the USA or Canada and they ask for “some teaching experience”. However, from the teachers we have spoke with from VIPKID, they said “teaching” doesn’t have to mean teaching in a traditional educational setting.
The lessons are 30 minutes long and you will be paid up to $11 for each 30-minute lesson. One thing to note is since you are teaching across the globe in a live setting, you will be teaching at odd hours (late at night or first thing in the morning). However, the teachers we spoke to said it was fun, rewarding, and it paid well for being able to stay at home and teach from their laptops.
VIPKID
4. Airbnb
Did you know you can rent your room or house out at Airbnb? They have been around since 2008 and millions of people have been renting out their rooms or entire homes to travelers from all over the world. If you do this right, you may be able to cover your entire mortgage! If you’re going to be gone for a month or two, you may as well allow your space to make money while you’re gone.
Airbnb
  5. Share Your Blog with the World
I started this blog in 2015 from my laptop at my kitchen table and today it generates over $10,000 per month 🙂 However, in the beginning it was just a side hustle project that turned into full-time income much quicker than I would have ever dreamed.
If you love writing, then starting a blog is exactly the right side hustle for you. There are many ways to generate income from blogging, with one of the most popular being through affiliate income.
How does it work?
You know how you can share a referral link from companies you love and they will send you $5 for referring them a customer? Affiliate partners work the exact same way.
Is blogging complicated?
Absolutely not! But just in case, I did create a step-by-step guide to help you get started in about 15 minutes.
Start a Blog
  6. Become a Virtual Assistant
If you enjoy working from your laptop, then becoming a virtual assistant may be exactly what you need. We use a few virtual assistants for Money Peach and one of them earns over $10,000 per month as a VA. Other places where you can become a virtual assistant for an agency where they find work for your is Upwork. They take a 10% fee, but 90% is still a great side hustle.
You can also listen to Episode 80 on the Money Peach Podcast (below) where my own Virtual Assistant shares how she got started as a VA and within a few years was able to quit her full-time job and start earning over $10k per month doing what she loved.
Virtual Assistant Course (Use Promo Code Peach 10 for $50 Off)
Online Hustles
I love online hustles because they give you the freedom to do these anywhere. If you’re constantly traveling for work or out of town a lot you’re going to absolutely love these online side hustles.
7. Start a Social Media Marketing Business
Our very own social media manager was actually someone who was enrolled inside Awesome Money Course. We noticed how great she was inside our private students-only Facebook group and we offered her a job with us. Now she manages all of our social media for Money Peach and she has also been offered social media jobs from other bloggers!
A great place to get started is visiting the Facebook Side Hustle Course by Bobby of Millennial Money Man. You can read how many of the students from the course are landing social media jobs for $1,000 – $2,000 month! Not a bad little side hustle, right?
Facebook Side Hustle
  8. Ebates (Now Rakuten)
Ebates is a company that has partnered with over 2,000 online companies to form an affiliate relationship with each of them. An affiliate relationship simply means Ebates and each online company have created a partnership where Ebates will refer you or I to buy something from them, and that company then sends Ebates a thank-you referral.
The good news: Ebates then splits the thank-you referral with you, and you earn Cash Back.
The Better News: You can Make Money by referring friends, family, or anyone else to join Ebates!
Ebates extends their referral program to any Ebates member who would like to share how to earn Cash Back while shopping online. Once you create an account with Ebates, you can invite your friends and family to join in on the Cash Back savings, and YOU will also receive a thank-you referral, aka make money.
BONUS $10 with Ebates Right Now
  9. Honey Browser Extension
Honey is a free tool that will search for online coupons and apply them to your online shopping cart to make sure you are saving the most money. Instead of searching for coupons one at-a-time and applying them individually, Honey does all of this for you in the matter of seconds. Not only will you save money, but you will also MAKE MONEY with their refer-a-friend program. For anyone you refer to the app, Honey will send you $5 as soon as they purchase something via the app up to $1,000.
Honey Browser Extension
  10. Inbox Dollars
Inbox Dollars is a rewards club that pays you in cash for completing a variety of online activities. This can include searching the internet, filling out surveys, printing off coupons, and shopping online. If you are already doing these things, you may as well get paid for it, right?
Inbox Dollars
  11. Fiverr
Fiverr is a platform where you can sell your products and services starting at $5 per gig. After you have a few $5 gigs under your belt, you can start increasing how much you charge. Here at Money Peach, we hire people from Fiverr all the time. Just recently, we found someone for a quick logo design and another to transcribe some videos we created.
Also, the Fiverr platform does take 20% from each gig. Therefore, if you do a $5 gig, you will take home $4 per gig. However, if you can complete 3-4 gigs in an hour, your hourly rate could start at $16 – $20 per hour!
Fiverr
  12. Make Money with PayPal
Already have a PayPal account?
We have put together a list of the side hustles that will pay you in PayPal gift cards which can then be deposited into your PayPal account – just like cash!
Where to make money with PayPal
  13. Amazon
Selling on Amazon is almost identical as selling on eBay in terms of fees and ease of use. However, sometimes items that don’t sell as well on eBay do better on Amazon and vice versa. Either way, it is a side hustle worth looking at if you can buy for cheap and resell for a higher price.
14. Amazon Affiliate Links
I know of a guy who started out as a handyman. He then took that idea as a handyman and started his own blog to teach people how to fix things themselves through blogging and video tutorial. At the end of every post or video, he would tell you what tool he used to get the job done and would provide a link directly to Amazon for you to purchase that product.
However, he also signed up for a free Amazon Affiliate Account. Every time someone clicks on his link and buys ANYTHING on Amazon, he gets a commission! Think about this: Amazon pays him for the tool he recommended and also for anything else they Add To Cart. This is why I love blogging and why I have a free tutorial to help you get started.
15. eBook Publishing
Make money by writing your own book and self publishing it on Amazon for free. There are different options available for how your can price your book and earn income from the sale of your book in the Amazon store. Questions about self publishing your own book? Check this out.
16. Etsy
Instead of having to open up your brick and mortar store, sell your creations on Etsy. Whether you make clothing, crafts, baby toys, or jewelry, you can open up your own store at Etsy. I have a friend selling her awesome clothing line on Etsy and it brings in a very nice income for the family. This is another great side hustle, but don’t expect instant results. You may need to be patient for this one.
17. Craigslist
We all know you can buy and sell stuff on Craigslist, but have you ever thought about offering a service you can provide. If providing a service isn’t your thing, you can scan Craigslist for great deals and then later resell items for a profit. This takes persistence and patience, but I have a friend who went from a $4k truck to a $24k in truck in 18 months by flipping cars from Craigslist.
There are also many other sites competing with Craigslist and you may have better exposure by posting on these sites like Craigslist.
18. User Testing
Don’t want to do an online survey, but still like to surf the web and earn some cash? Companies will pay you to try out their apps or visit their websites and give them feedback. Usertesting and UserFeel uses your feedback on apps and websites that aren’t as user-friendly and then pays your for it.
19. Become a Freelance Writer
If you are a good writer, consider searching online sites such as freelancer.com for writing jobs. Individuals or companies might need freelance writers for a number of reasons.
Individuals or companies might need a writer for their blog or website, or a company might need a writer for its instruction manuals, for instance.
  Pro Tip: The best way to learn how to get freelance writing jobs is from someone who has been doing it for years. Holly Johnson generates over $100k per year freelance writing and she has a program to show you how to do it. 
**Money Peach Readers: Use Coupon Code PEACH10 to Receive 10% Off at Checkout**
  Become Freelance Writer
  An even better option is to learn from those who are already making 6-figures as freelance writers. Check out Episode 13 on the Money Peach Podcast where Holly and Greg Johnson share how they got started as freelance writers and soon turned their side hustle into a 6-figure income.
20. Zazzle
Make money on Zazzle as a designer by selling your artwork on different products or you can actually make and manufacture the products for sale. I have a friend who takes old dry wood and paints slogans on them. She needs to sell them on Zazzle; she could create a very quick and profitable side hustle.
21. eBay
You can have your own store up in only a few minutes at eBay. To start, you must have a seller account, must be verified through PayPal. You are even able to give a detailed description of your store with a catchy design to attract customers. I have a friend who will buy all of the unused bras at a last chance type of store and resell them for a profit at her eBay store. Last I heard, she was doing $1,000/month in her first couple of months.
22. Do Transcription Work or Data Entry Work
Companies hire transcriptionists for a number of reasons. A doctor’s office might need a medical transcriptionist to record information about a patient’s appointment, or law enforcement agencies might need transcription services for court cases or suspect interviews.
Data entry work, which is a bit easier than transcription work, is also available from companies who hire people to work from home. Simply google “transcription work” or “data entry jobs” for a list of companies currently hiring work-from-home reps.
23. Sell Your Photos Online
Do you take amazing photos? You can actually sell your photos online at places like iStockPhoto, Shutterstock, Fotolia, and Bigstockphoto. Photos can be sold over and over again, allowing you to earn a residual income!
24. Start a Web Design Business
If you’re knowledgeable about web design, you could make money creating or improving on websites for individuals or businesses.
Advertise on Craigslist or approach businesses directly if they have a website that needs improvement.
There really is no shortage of ways to make extra money if you’re willing to get creative and do some research. Which financial goals will you use the extra cash you earn to accomplish?
TWEET THIS 'When you're broke, the best place to go to get more money is work'Click To Tweet
Driving Hustles
If you have a car, you may as well use it to help you side hustle, right? Here’s our favorite driving side hustles.
25. Uber/Lyft Driver-Partner
If you are unfamiliar with Uber or Lyft, then make sure you still have a pulse and you are breathing air.
To get started, some minimum requirements you need are a car, a smartphone, and the Uber or Lyft app. You become available to drive as soon as you complete the activation process and then you are ready to start earning money. Fares are paid out weekly or up to 5X a day when you register for Instant Pay with your debit card!
Today, there are more riders on the road than ever! This is one of my absolute favorite ways to start generating money quickly.
Drive with Uber
Drive with Lyft
26. Uber Eats
Maybe you just don’t feel like driving people around in your car or maybe you don’t even have a car. Depending on the city you live in, Uber Eats allows you to deliver food to people via your car, bike, or scooter. Turn on the app in the morning before work, when you get home, or whenever you have some extra time to make money on your terms.
Uber Eats
27. Be a Paid Designated Driver
Pretty self-explanatory.
28. Drive People to the Airport
Some airports don’t allow Uber or Lyft to drop people off or pick them up, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t still offer up airport rides on your own. Post an ad to all of your friends on social media that you are now their preferred method of getting to the airport. I used to do this when I first got my license and it paid very well 🙂
OR JUST DRIVE WITH UBER OR LYFT (See Number 24 Above)
Extremely Passive Hustles
If you like passive income, then you may want to review the top 40 passive income ideas . But to get you started, here are our favorite side hustles that are also extremely passive.
29. Rent Out Your Garage or Driveway
You’ve likely heard of AirBnB, where you can rent out rooms in your house – or your whole house – to travelers wanting to avoid the impersonal feel and high cost of hotel rooms.
Maybe you can’t or don’t want to rent out rooms in your house, but you might have space in your garage to rent out. Sites such as Air Garage help people rent out their garage spaces and driveway spaces.
People might want to rent out your garage or driveway space because they work close to where you live and want cheaper and safer parking options.
Or they might want to rent out your parking space because there’s an event near you, such as a state fair or sporting event.
Depending on where you live you could easily earn $50 or more a month for parking spots in your garage or driveway.
Check out this Money Peach podcast with AirGarage CEO Jonathan Barkl for more info.
30. Become a Voiceover Artist
You know those people who talk on radio and TV commercials but you never see their faces? They’re called voiceover artists, and they get paid good money to do what they do.
Sites like Backstage list available voiceover jobs, and Carrie Olsen, professional voiceover artist, has a great web site that can help you learn how to become a voiceover artist.
Check out this Money Peach Podcast with Voice Over Star Carrie Olsen for more info.
31. Rent out your Car
Did you know your car sits idle 93% of the time? If you’re not going to need your car for the next couple of days/weeks/months, you may as well let it earn you some cash. You can list your car through RelayRides and have your personal car rented out tomorrow.
32. Rent out a Room full-time
Own a home and need extra cash each month? Rent out a room in your house to help cover the mortgage and free up some of your cash. I have a single friend who has a $1,200 mortgage and he consistently earns $2,000+ every month by renting out room(s) in his house via Airbnb. Fun fact – he applies the extra cash towards his mortgage each month!
Airbnb
  Some Skill Required Hustles
So, not all side hustles are for everyone. In fact, these ones below do require some skill to make money. But, the more skill you have, the more money you will make!
33. Become an Online Coach
If you have an idea and can help people, pay attention. Whether it is motivating someone, helping them pass a class, or teaching them how to build a website, this can all be done online. Setup you’re pricing, terms, and accept payment through something as simple as PayPal and you are on your way. I recommend using Skype or Google Hangouts since it is 100% free. Help someone and get paid – genius.
34. Create an Online Course
Is there something you are good at and can teach to others? I have a friend who will teach you how to clean pools over his site, Swim University. Check out Udemy for ideas on your next online course and see how much people are paying for someone like you to teach them.
One of the greatest accomplishments I have had in my business is helping others reach financial freedom. We have had over 500 students graduate Awesome Money Course and completely turn their money situation around!
If you are tired of living the paycheck-to-paycheck lifestyle and would like to save more, pay off debt, and reach true financial freedom, then Awesome Money Course was made for you.
I am so confident you will absolutely love the program that I have 100% money-back guarantee
meaning you could download the entire course, keep it, and ask for a refund.
I hope no one would do that, but I will also take that risk if it results in you learning how to manage money, pay off debt, save, and build a wealthy future.
However, if you would like to try a little bit of our program out, we do have a 100% free mini-course called the Cash Flow Formula which will show you the step-by-step to building a monthly cash-flow plan with many of our favorite money-hacks to save more and pay off debt quicker!
Start Cash Flow Formula (FREE)
  35. Spray Tanning
A good friend of mine (Jessica) has become the queen of spray tanning in our area. In fact, she is making $900 per week cash spray tanning both the ladies and the men and it’s all through word-of-mouth! You can check her out at JC Glows on Facebook to see how she set up her side hustle.
I asked her how she got started and she said this:
She started with this exact tanning kit
She uses this tanning tent
She taught herself how watching YouTube
36. Become a Cover Letter/Resume’ Writer
Professionals of all kinds pay ridiculous amounts of money for professionally written resumes. I know one guy who paid a professional resume’ writer $5,000.
If you have a knack for writing compelling and attention-grabbing resumes, consider offering your services on sites such as freelancer.com or Craigslist.
37. Develop an App
If you’ve got a great idea for an app that will make people’s lives easier or more exciting, this could be a great side hustle for you.
Check out this post on learnappmaking.com for more information on how to develop and market an app for some extra income.
38. Catering
If you love cooking, serving food, and entertaining at your own home, then get paid to do it for someone else. This can be fun and can often go from side hustle to full-time if you’re really good at it!
39. Computer Repair
If you love “playing” computers, then help someone repair theirs and get paid for it. Note: You must know a little bit about computers 🙂
40. Computer Training
How many Baby Boomers (or anyone for that matter) do you know who are still having trouble checking their email. If you were able to navigate to this web page, then you probably have the skills to teach extremely basic computer skills to an extreme beginner.
41. Guitar Gigs
A friend of mine finds guitar gigs online, on Facebook, and in the paper all the time. He shows up, plays for a few hours, and leaves with cash in hand. Note: you must be good at playing the guitar.
42. Guitar Lessons
If you are handy on the 6 string and can show someone else, teach them. Better yet, teach the world online how to play guitar.
43. Handyman Work
Some people are handy and others are not. Let your neighbors know that you are available to hang a ceiling fan, patch a hole in the drywall, fix an irrigation leak, or paint a fence. All can be done for them ASAP for a small fee 🙂
I love TaskRabbit. Whether I need a doggy door installed, someone to clean my house this weekend, or even mount a TV, I can go on TaskRabbit to find someone in an instant. YOU could be that person I find next on TaskRabbit for hire!
44. Lifeguard
Become a lifeguard and earn $16/hr – $20/hr part-time. Not only do you make some extra cash, but you are guaranteed to get a little tan as well.
45. Mobile Oil Change
If you don’t mind getting underneath the car and pulling the drain plug for people, then this could be your next side hustle. People are busy, and may want to pay you to change their oil while they are at work. Note: Wal-Mart always has the cheapest oil.
46. Network Marketing
Network marketing (sometimes referred to as multi-level-marketing) can sometimes have a bad connotation if you have ever been scammed in the past. However, there are very reputable companies out there that you can start working for today with very little buy-in or overhead. A member of our family started off her network marketing business as a side hustle and has turned it into a part-time gig with full-time income. Warning: if you are told it doesn’t require any actual work – run away!
47. Personal Training
Someone out there wants to get into better shape, and they are willing to pay you to help them. If you love fitness, this would be a perfect side hustle for you.
48. Tutoring
Take your education and use it to make money on the side. Tutor students and get paid handsomely.
Live in the U.S. or U.K. and hold a bachelor’s degree? You can earn up to $20/hr plus bonuses to teach kids English online from the comfort of home. Learn more here.
49. Teach Music Lessons
From singing to playing piano or any other number of instruments, parents everywhere are seeking music lessons for their kids.
If you have a gift for a musical skills, consider teaching that skill to local kids. You might be able to find jobs by looking on Craigslist or by seeking out local public school or homeschooling groups to connect with parents who have school-aged children.
50. Start a Baking Business
Do you have a gift for baking goodies such as cake, muffins or cookies? Why not use that gift to make yourself some extra cash?
Events such as birthday parties, weddings, office parties and meetings, retirement parties and more often have baked treats as a part of their celebration.
Advertise your culinary skills on Craigslist and with local event booking venues for your bakery services.
Be sure to check with state officials on what the rules are for serving and selling food in your area first.
51. Become a Sports Umpire
Are you knowledgeable about the rules and regulations of certain sports? Do you like working with kids? Recreation associations often pay good money for organized sports umpires for football, baseball, and more.
In our area, umpires earn about $30 an hour. Check with local sporting organizations for job opening details.
Physical Labor Hustles
If you don’t putting in a little sweat equity, you can do very well side hustling with some physical labor attached to it. I did #50 when I was getting out of debt and generated over $1,000 each month.
52. Clean Pools
This requires very little overhead and is simple to do. Go to Google Earth and look up which homes in your neighborhood have a pool, and offer to start today. I actually did this to get out of debt and it worked out great!
53. House Cleaning
People are busy and don’t have time to clean their homes. This is where you come in 🙂 Search your area in Craigslist to get an idea for pricing your own services.
54. Mowing Lawns
If you don’t have the funds to purchase all the equipment, then offer to your mow lawns with their equipment. I actually did this in grade school because I wasn’t old enough to drive. I just showed up, grabbed their lawnmower, and was paid.
55. Painting Gates
Gates fade and someone needs to repaint them. A kid in the neighborhood took pics of faded gates and pretty gates and posted them on the mailbox with his number and price. (I think one of the faded gate pics he took was my gate also).
56. Painting Services
Remember that movie American Pie 2 where they spend the summer in a lake house and do some side painting. No one likes painting their houses or walls, so why not help them out for a little side cash? Start out small by offering to paint a bedroom or two, and work your way up from there. Pricing rule: $1 per square ft of painting.
57. Shoveling Snow
No one likes shoveling snow and this is why you will be paid for it.
58. Wash Cars
If you can wash a car, then you can make money. People are busy and don’t have time to even take their cars to the wash anymore
this is where you come in.
59. Wash Windows
I recently paid a guy to wash my windows because he advertised $4/window. He spent about 1 hour washing a total of 20 windows and walked away with $80 cash. His entire setup was a bucket and a squeegee. Maybe I should wash my own windows and my neighbor’s windows for an affordable price of only $4 a window.
Unique Hustles
If you are unique, then you deserve some unique side hustles. Some of these are extremely cool, but a few of them
well I am still waiting for you to try.
60. Rent out Your Baby Gear
Think of it as the Airbnb of Baby Gear.
Have you ever traveled with kids and realized what a pain-in-the-butt it is to take the stroller, hi-chair, pack-n-play, and everything else that babies need? Think about dragging all of that through the airport, onto the train, or inside the Uber?
BabyQuip offers a simple solution. They provide families with a wide assortment of clean, quality baby equipment—everything they need to keep their little ones sleeping well at night and happily engaged during the day.
And guess who makes 80% commission (plus tips) renting their baby gear out?
You, the side hustler!
BabyQuip
61. Sell Your Hair Online
Thinking about a new hair style? You may want to. People are paying up to $1,000 for quality hair if you can remember to wash it more than once a month J Check out what your hair is worth at Hairsellon.
Hairsellon
62. Paint Street Numbers
A father and son rang my doorbell and pointed out to me my street numbers were faded. “For only $10, they would repaint my street numbers so my house would look better”. I paid it and it took them 37 seconds. They did 6 houses on my street alone. This is a great little side hustle.
63. Sell Drinks
where it’s hot (and where it’s cold)
I live in Phoenix where it will hover at 116°F during the summer. During the hottest weeks, there is a guy who sells snow cones and water for a premium.
I asked him how business was recently – he smiled and said “Business is gooooooood”. Buy a case of water at Costco for $0.12 a bottle and resell them for $2 wherever it is HOT. Who wouldn’t pay $2 for ice-cold water during the dog days of summer?
64. TaskRabbit
Become a task rabbit and get paid. People in your neighborhood are looking to pay you to put together furniture from Ikea, do their grocery shopping, install a ceiling fan, be a bartender at their party, or mount their TV to the wall.
65. Start a Home Staging Business
Somebody is always selling a home, and homes sell faster and for more money when they are “staged”.
As a home stager you can tailor your business to meet a variety of client needs. Creating relationships with local realtors is one way to help you find home staging clients.
66. Be a Work-From-Home Customer Service Rep
There are many legit companies that offer to hire customer service representatives who can from home. One of the more popular work-from-home companies is U-Haul, the well-known moving company.
67. Start an Estate Sale Service Business
An estate sale business buys a large majority of a client’s belongings, including furniture, vehicles and more, at a group rate and sells the stuff individually for profit.
This is a business that will take some work as you get to know the ropes but can be very lucrative in the long run.
68. Start a Vending Machine Business
Many companies want vending machines installed at their businesses for the convenience of employees and clients alike.
Although this type of side hustle would involve some costly initial cash, you may be able to make it up quickly if you install the machines in thriving businesses that service large numbers of people.
69. Pick Up Trash in Parking Lots
Brian Winch came on the podcast to share how he picks up trash around parking lots and now earns a 6-figure income by doing so. Although it may not be glorious work, it does pay well and it’s extremely affordable to get started. Before you get started, check out the Clean Lots tutorial here.
You’ve Got to be Kidding Me Hustles
Before you read on, just remember the name of these side hustles are you’ve-go-to-be-kidding-me side hustles. Some of them will actually shock you ?.
70. Be a Sperm Donor
This is straight out of the movie Road Trip when they need gas money. However, you can make substantial money donating sperm, with some places offering up $1,000/month to healthy men. Be aware, if you’re not a true thoroughbred, you won’t be paid as much!
71. Be a Plasma Donor
Since there is no way to synthetically make plasma, you will be compensated for your donation. Rates vary from state to state, but you can make on average $200/month for only a few hours of your time
.and blood.
We have a full list of where you can earn $400 per month donating plasma here.
72. Become a Cuddler
Ah yes, cuddling. This is an actual real job and I recently saw it featured in a news segment. People are paying for up to 3 hours of platonic hugging (and they pay a lot). Job requirements: enjoy hugging strangers.
73. Pick up Dog Poop
Who likes picking up dog poop? Nobody. This is why you can get paid for it.
youtube
74. Rent-a-Friend
You can sign up for free at Rentafriend to be someone else friend both part-time and full-time with pay between $20/hr – $50/hr. Yes, this sounds very strange from the outside looking in, but a lot of times you are helping someone get acquainted in a new town, meet a new group of friends, or simply have a cup of coffee with. Most importantly – friendship is always platonic (no touching).
Easy Peasy Hustles
These are some of the classic side hustles that we call the easy peasy ones. If you are looking for simple, but yet effective, these are the side hustles for you.
75. Babysitting
If you like kids and don’t go out on the weekends, become a babysitter. Advertise to all of your friends (and Facebook Friends) that you will watch their kids so they can have a date night. New to the area? Then get connected with Care.com to become a certified/recommended babysitter in your area.
76. Dog Walking
Create this ad: “Love your dog but simply don’t have time to walk them? Let me help you!” There will always be someone willing to pay to keep their doggy happy, and this person is you.
77. Gig Walking
Download the free App and then find “gigs” in your neighborhood that companies are willing to pay you for. Can you check out the price of milk in a certain store for $6 or snap a pic of a storefront for $5 on the way to work? Note: You will start off with the crappier jobs in the beginning, but prove yourself and you will start getting offered the higher-paying jobs soon enough.
78. Golf Course
If you love being around the golf course (or don’t mind a few drunk old men) you can make pretty good money part-time by collecting balls off the range, cleaning golf carts, or serving cold beers at the tee box.
79. House-sitting
Who doesn’t want to get paid for simply living in someone else’s house for a few day days? This is simple and people will pay you for it. You can think of it as a mini staycation too!
80. Mystery Shopper
Get paid $10 – $30 on average to be a mystery shopper. However, beware because there are a lot of scams out there. I recommend checking out Marketforce, Best Mark, and Intelli-101 before you head anywhere else.
81. Pet Grooming
There are people out there that simply will not shave their dog and will pay you for it. Create a Facebook Page called “iShaveDogs” and let all your friends know! Someone will hire you.
82. Pet Sitting
If you truly love animals, then why not get paid to hang out with someone else’s dog or cat for the weekend? You can become a pet sitter at Care.com or specialize in only watching over someone’s pooch at Rover.
83. RedBox
You love renting movies for only $1.75, but did you know you can get paid to stock DVDs into the kiosks and make sure they are working properly? Check out Redbox Jobs and also see these 12 free Redbox Codes for free moves and games.
84. Sell ScrapMetal
Post in your social media or offer in the newspaper that you will come and take any scrap metal away for people. Not only could you make a few extra bucks for hauling away metal, but then you could sell it at a scrap yard. Double whammy!
85. Tax Prep
When I was in college, TurboTax hit the Internet. I created an ad on a bulletin board and offered Tax Prep for those who make less than $100k/year so I could use the free 1040EZ software. My overhead was $0 and I charged $20 to punch the numbers from the W-2 into TurboTax. Another great option is to try H&R Block and see which one you like the best. We also have a full review of H&R Block here.
TurboTax
86. Sign Spinner
Do you ever see those people standing on the corner, wearing headphones, oblivious to the entire world around them, and flipping signs in the air? They are making money and you can too. What about sign holder? Well, maybe you’re not the spinning type

87. Sign Holder
Maybe you’re just not the spinning type 🙂
TWEET This: When you're broke, the BEST place to find more money is at work.Click To Tweet
Final Takeaway
As you can see, we live in a time when anyone who wants to make a little (or a lot) of money can. Your local area is no longer the only area to make money. The entire world is at your fingertips through the use of many of the options mentioned in this post.
What is one skill you have that others could learn from? Think about what’s the one thing you actually love doing that people would want to pay you for? How can you take your side hustle idea and turn it into monthly income?
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The Best of the Best Proven Side Hustles You Should Know About published first on https://mysingaporepools.weebly.com/
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kennethherrerablog · 5 years ago
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The Best of the Best Proven Side Hustles You Should Know About
Need to make a little (or a lot) of extra money this month?
Side hustles are an incredible way to boost your monthly income. Whether you want to stay home and make money from home, get out of the house to make money, or try something unique and fun – I have you covered.
This list is updated weekly and if there is anything you think I need to take out or add to the list, please let me know in the comments below the post.
Also, if you do find something and you’re having a lot of success with it, you’d be helping everyone out by sharing your win in the comments below. Thanks so much and enjoy the guide to making more money each month.
Table of Contents
My First Picks...
1. Share Your Opinion
2. Door Dash
3. VIPKID
4. Airbnb
5. Share Your Blog with the World
6. Become a Virtual Assistant
Online Hustles
7. Start a Social Media Marketing Business
8. Ebates (Now Rakuten)
9. Honey Browser Extension
10. Inbox Dollars
11. Fiverr
12. Make Money with PayPal
13. Amazon
14. Amazon Affiliate Links
15. eBook Publishing
16. Etsy
17. Craigslist
18. User Testing
19. Become a Freelance Writer
20. Zazzle
21. eBay
22. Do Transcription Work or Data Entry Work
23. Sell Your Photos Online
24. Start a Web Design Business
Driving Hustles
25. Uber/Lyft Driver-Partner
26. Uber Eats
27. Be a Paid Designated Driver
28. Drive People to the Airport
Extremely Passive Hustles
29. Rent Out Your Garage or Driveway
30. Become a Voiceover Artist
31. Rent out your Car
32. Rent out a Room full-time
Some Skill Required Hustles
33. Become an Online Coach
34. Create an Online Course
35. Spray Tanning
36. Become a Cover Letter/Resume’ Writer
37. Develop an App
38. Catering
39. Computer Repair
40. Computer Training
41. Guitar Gigs
42. Guitar Lessons
43. Handyman Work
44. Lifeguard
45. Mobile Oil Change
46. Network Marketing
47. Personal Training
48. Tutoring
49. Teach Music Lessons
50. Start a Baking Business
51. Become a Sports Umpire
Physical Labor Hustles
52. Clean Pools
53. House Cleaning
54. Mowing Lawns
55. Painting Gates
56. Painting Services
57. Shoveling Snow
58. Wash Cars
59. Wash Windows
Unique Hustles
60. Rent out Your Baby Gear
61. Sell Your Hair Online
62. Paint Street Numbers
63. Sell Drinks
64. TaskRabbit
65. Start a Home Staging Business
66. Be a Work-From-Home Customer Service Rep
67. Start an Estate Sale Service Business
68. Start a Vending Machine Business
69. Pick Up Trash in Parking Lots
You’ve Got to be Kidding Me Hustles
70. Be a Sperm Donor
71. Be a Plasma Donor
72. Become a Cuddler
73. Pick up Dog Poop
74. Rent-a-Friend
Easy Peasy Hustles
75. Babysitting
76. Dog Walking
77. Gig Walking
78. Golf Course
79. House-sitting
80. Mystery Shopper
81. Pet Grooming
82. Pet Sitting
83. RedBox
84. Sell ScrapMetal
85. Tax Prep
86. Sign Spinner
87. Sign Holder
Final Takeaway
My First Picks

These first five are favorites because they are quick ways to get started making extra money and they have long-term potential as well! All five of them do require an internet connection, but sine you’re reading this from the internet, I think you’re covered there ?
1. Share Your Opinion
and get money sent to your PayPal
Yup, you can actually generate side income by simply giving your opinion via online surveys. It’s not going to make you rich tomorrow, but it’s still a great way to generate extra income during your down time.
If you think surveys may be the way to go, check out our full list of the top survey companies for both online and offline opinions here.
Survey Junkie
  2. Door Dash
Door Dash is our favorite pick for food delivery because it’s been reported back to us that DoorDashers make slightly more than UberEats drivers. While we don’t have any factual statistics to prove this right or wrong, we still pick DoorDash over UberEats as our top side hustle for food delivery. If you have a car, bike, or scooter, get started with Door Dash today and start making money for your next vacation, your upcoming wedding, or whatever expense you’re saving for!
Maybe you just don’t feel like driving people around in your car or maybe you don’t even have a car. Depending on the city you live in, Uber Eats allows you to deliver food to people via your car, bike, or scooter. Turn on the app in the morning before work, when you get home, or whenever you have some extra time to make money on your terms.
Door Dash
  3. VIPKID
VIPKID will pay you up to $22/hour to teach English from the comfort of your home to children in China. Currently VIPKID has over 70,000 teachers teaching English as a second language to over 600,000 children in China.
They do require you to have a Bachelor’s degree from either the USA or Canada and they ask for “some teaching experience”. However, from the teachers we have spoke with from VIPKID, they said “teaching” doesn’t have to mean teaching in a traditional educational setting.
The lessons are 30 minutes long and you will be paid up to $11 for each 30-minute lesson. One thing to note is since you are teaching across the globe in a live setting, you will be teaching at odd hours (late at night or first thing in the morning). However, the teachers we spoke to said it was fun, rewarding, and it paid well for being able to stay at home and teach from their laptops.
VIPKID
4. Airbnb
Did you know you can rent your room or house out at Airbnb? They have been around since 2008 and millions of people have been renting out their rooms or entire homes to travelers from all over the world. If you do this right, you may be able to cover your entire mortgage! If you’re going to be gone for a month or two, you may as well allow your space to make money while you’re gone.
Airbnb
  5. Share Your Blog with the World
I started this blog in 2015 from my laptop at my kitchen table and today it generates over $10,000 per month 🙂 However, in the beginning it was just a side hustle project that turned into full-time income much quicker than I would have ever dreamed.
If you love writing, then starting a blog is exactly the right side hustle for you. There are many ways to generate income from blogging, with one of the most popular being through affiliate income.
How does it work?
You know how you can share a referral link from companies you love and they will send you $5 for referring them a customer? Affiliate partners work the exact same way.
Is blogging complicated?
Absolutely not! But just in case, I did create a step-by-step guide to help you get started in about 15 minutes.
Start a Blog
  6. Become a Virtual Assistant
If you enjoy working from your laptop, then becoming a virtual assistant may be exactly what you need. We use a few virtual assistants for Money Peach and one of them earns over $10,000 per month as a VA. Other places where you can become a virtual assistant for an agency where they find work for your is Upwork. They take a 10% fee, but 90% is still a great side hustle.
You can also listen to Episode 80 on the Money Peach Podcast (below) where my own Virtual Assistant shares how she got started as a VA and within a few years was able to quit her full-time job and start earning over $10k per month doing what she loved.
Virtual Assistant Course (Use Promo Code Peach 10 for $50 Off)
Online Hustles
I love online hustles because they give you the freedom to do these anywhere. If you’re constantly traveling for work or out of town a lot you’re going to absolutely love these online side hustles.
7. Start a Social Media Marketing Business
Our very own social media manager was actually someone who was enrolled inside Awesome Money Course. We noticed how great she was inside our private students-only Facebook group and we offered her a job with us. Now she manages all of our social media for Money Peach and she has also been offered social media jobs from other bloggers!
A great place to get started is visiting the Facebook Side Hustle Course by Bobby of Millennial Money Man. You can read how many of the students from the course are landing social media jobs for $1,000 – $2,000 month! Not a bad little side hustle, right?
Facebook Side Hustle
  8. Ebates (Now Rakuten)
Ebates is a company that has partnered with over 2,000 online companies to form an affiliate relationship with each of them. An affiliate relationship simply means Ebates and each online company have created a partnership where Ebates will refer you or I to buy something from them, and that company then sends Ebates a thank-you referral.
The good news: Ebates then splits the thank-you referral with you, and you earn Cash Back.
The Better News: You can Make Money by referring friends, family, or anyone else to join Ebates!
Ebates extends their referral program to any Ebates member who would like to share how to earn Cash Back while shopping online. Once you create an account with Ebates, you can invite your friends and family to join in on the Cash Back savings, and YOU will also receive a thank-you referral, aka make money.
BONUS $10 with Ebates Right Now
  9. Honey Browser Extension
Honey is a free tool that will search for online coupons and apply them to your online shopping cart to make sure you are saving the most money. Instead of searching for coupons one at-a-time and applying them individually, Honey does all of this for you in the matter of seconds. Not only will you save money, but you will also MAKE MONEY with their refer-a-friend program. For anyone you refer to the app, Honey will send you $5 as soon as they purchase something via the app up to $1,000.
Honey Browser Extension
  10. Inbox Dollars
Inbox Dollars is a rewards club that pays you in cash for completing a variety of online activities. This can include searching the internet, filling out surveys, printing off coupons, and shopping online. If you are already doing these things, you may as well get paid for it, right?
Inbox Dollars
  11. Fiverr
Fiverr is a platform where you can sell your products and services starting at $5 per gig. After you have a few $5 gigs under your belt, you can start increasing how much you charge. Here at Money Peach, we hire people from Fiverr all the time. Just recently, we found someone for a quick logo design and another to transcribe some videos we created.
Also, the Fiverr platform does take 20% from each gig. Therefore, if you do a $5 gig, you will take home $4 per gig. However, if you can complete 3-4 gigs in an hour, your hourly rate could start at $16 – $20 per hour!
Fiverr
  12. Make Money with PayPal
Already have a PayPal account?
We have put together a list of the side hustles that will pay you in PayPal gift cards which can then be deposited into your PayPal account – just like cash!
Where to make money with PayPal
  13. Amazon
Selling on Amazon is almost identical as selling on eBay in terms of fees and ease of use. However, sometimes items that don’t sell as well on eBay do better on Amazon and vice versa. Either way, it is a side hustle worth looking at if you can buy for cheap and resell for a higher price.
14. Amazon Affiliate Links
I know of a guy who started out as a handyman. He then took that idea as a handyman and started his own blog to teach people how to fix things themselves through blogging and video tutorial. At the end of every post or video, he would tell you what tool he used to get the job done and would provide a link directly to Amazon for you to purchase that product.
However, he also signed up for a free Amazon Affiliate Account. Every time someone clicks on his link and buys ANYTHING on Amazon, he gets a commission! Think about this: Amazon pays him for the tool he recommended and also for anything else they Add To Cart. This is why I love blogging and why I have a free tutorial to help you get started.
15. eBook Publishing
Make money by writing your own book and self publishing it on Amazon for free. There are different options available for how your can price your book and earn income from the sale of your book in the Amazon store. Questions about self publishing your own book? Check this out.
16. Etsy
Instead of having to open up your brick and mortar store, sell your creations on Etsy. Whether you make clothing, crafts, baby toys, or jewelry, you can open up your own store at Etsy. I have a friend selling her awesome clothing line on Etsy and it brings in a very nice income for the family. This is another great side hustle, but don’t expect instant results. You may need to be patient for this one.
17. Craigslist
We all know you can buy and sell stuff on Craigslist, but have you ever thought about offering a service you can provide. If providing a service isn’t your thing, you can scan Craigslist for great deals and then later resell items for a profit. This takes persistence and patience, but I have a friend who went from a $4k truck to a $24k in truck in 18 months by flipping cars from Craigslist.
There are also many other sites competing with Craigslist and you may have better exposure by posting on these sites like Craigslist.
18. User Testing
Don’t want to do an online survey, but still like to surf the web and earn some cash? Companies will pay you to try out their apps or visit their websites and give them feedback. Usertesting and UserFeel uses your feedback on apps and websites that aren’t as user-friendly and then pays your for it.
19. Become a Freelance Writer
If you are a good writer, consider searching online sites such as freelancer.com for writing jobs. Individuals or companies might need freelance writers for a number of reasons.
Individuals or companies might need a writer for their blog or website, or a company might need a writer for its instruction manuals, for instance.
  Pro Tip: The best way to learn how to get freelance writing jobs is from someone who has been doing it for years. Holly Johnson generates over $100k per year freelance writing and she has a program to show you how to do it. 
**Money Peach Readers: Use Coupon Code PEACH10 to Receive 10% Off at Checkout**
  Become Freelance Writer
  An even better option is to learn from those who are already making 6-figures as freelance writers. Check out Episode 13 on the Money Peach Podcast where Holly and Greg Johnson share how they got started as freelance writers and soon turned their side hustle into a 6-figure income.
20. Zazzle
Make money on Zazzle as a designer by selling your artwork on different products or you can actually make and manufacture the products for sale. I have a friend who takes old dry wood and paints slogans on them. She needs to sell them on Zazzle; she could create a very quick and profitable side hustle.
21. eBay
You can have your own store up in only a few minutes at eBay. To start, you must have a seller account, must be verified through PayPal. You are even able to give a detailed description of your store with a catchy design to attract customers. I have a friend who will buy all of the unused bras at a last chance type of store and resell them for a profit at her eBay store. Last I heard, she was doing $1,000/month in her first couple of months.
22. Do Transcription Work or Data Entry Work
Companies hire transcriptionists for a number of reasons. A doctor’s office might need a medical transcriptionist to record information about a patient’s appointment, or law enforcement agencies might need transcription services for court cases or suspect interviews.
Data entry work, which is a bit easier than transcription work, is also available from companies who hire people to work from home. Simply google “transcription work” or “data entry jobs” for a list of companies currently hiring work-from-home reps.
23. Sell Your Photos Online
Do you take amazing photos? You can actually sell your photos online at places like iStockPhoto, Shutterstock, Fotolia, and Bigstockphoto. Photos can be sold over and over again, allowing you to earn a residual income!
24. Start a Web Design Business
If you’re knowledgeable about web design, you could make money creating or improving on websites for individuals or businesses.
Advertise on Craigslist or approach businesses directly if they have a website that needs improvement.
There really is no shortage of ways to make extra money if you’re willing to get creative and do some research. Which financial goals will you use the extra cash you earn to accomplish?
TWEET THIS 'When you're broke, the best place to go to get more money is work'Click To Tweet
Driving Hustles
If you have a car, you may as well use it to help you side hustle, right? Here’s our favorite driving side hustles.
25. Uber/Lyft Driver-Partner
If you are unfamiliar with Uber or Lyft, then make sure you still have a pulse and you are breathing air.
To get started, some minimum requirements you need are a car, a smartphone, and the Uber or Lyft app. You become available to drive as soon as you complete the activation process and then you are ready to start earning money. Fares are paid out weekly or up to 5X a day when you register for Instant Pay with your debit card!
Today, there are more riders on the road than ever! This is one of my absolute favorite ways to start generating money quickly.
Drive with Uber
Drive with Lyft
26. Uber Eats
Maybe you just don’t feel like driving people around in your car or maybe you don’t even have a car. Depending on the city you live in, Uber Eats allows you to deliver food to people via your car, bike, or scooter. Turn on the app in the morning before work, when you get home, or whenever you have some extra time to make money on your terms.
Uber Eats
27. Be a Paid Designated Driver
Pretty self-explanatory.
28. Drive People to the Airport
Some airports don’t allow Uber or Lyft to drop people off or pick them up, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t still offer up airport rides on your own. Post an ad to all of your friends on social media that you are now their preferred method of getting to the airport. I used to do this when I first got my license and it paid very well 🙂
OR JUST DRIVE WITH UBER OR LYFT (See Number 24 Above)
Extremely Passive Hustles
If you like passive income, then you may want to review the top 40 passive income ideas . But to get you started, here are our favorite side hustles that are also extremely passive.
29. Rent Out Your Garage or Driveway
You’ve likely heard of AirBnB, where you can rent out rooms in your house – or your whole house – to travelers wanting to avoid the impersonal feel and high cost of hotel rooms.
Maybe you can’t or don’t want to rent out rooms in your house, but you might have space in your garage to rent out. Sites such as Air Garage help people rent out their garage spaces and driveway spaces.
People might want to rent out your garage or driveway space because they work close to where you live and want cheaper and safer parking options.
Or they might want to rent out your parking space because there’s an event near you, such as a state fair or sporting event.
Depending on where you live you could easily earn $50 or more a month for parking spots in your garage or driveway.
Check out this Money Peach podcast with AirGarage CEO Jonathan Barkl for more info.
30. Become a Voiceover Artist
You know those people who talk on radio and TV commercials but you never see their faces? They’re called voiceover artists, and they get paid good money to do what they do.
Sites like Backstage list available voiceover jobs, and Carrie Olsen, professional voiceover artist, has a great web site that can help you learn how to become a voiceover artist.
Check out this Money Peach Podcast with Voice Over Star Carrie Olsen for more info.
31. Rent out your Car
Did you know your car sits idle 93% of the time? If you’re not going to need your car for the next couple of days/weeks/months, you may as well let it earn you some cash. You can list your car through RelayRides and have your personal car rented out tomorrow.
32. Rent out a Room full-time
Own a home and need extra cash each month? Rent out a room in your house to help cover the mortgage and free up some of your cash. I have a single friend who has a $1,200 mortgage and he consistently earns $2,000+ every month by renting out room(s) in his house via Airbnb. Fun fact – he applies the extra cash towards his mortgage each month!
Airbnb
  Some Skill Required Hustles
So, not all side hustles are for everyone. In fact, these ones below do require some skill to make money. But, the more skill you have, the more money you will make!
33. Become an Online Coach
If you have an idea and can help people, pay attention. Whether it is motivating someone, helping them pass a class, or teaching them how to build a website, this can all be done online. Setup you’re pricing, terms, and accept payment through something as simple as PayPal and you are on your way. I recommend using Skype or Google Hangouts since it is 100% free. Help someone and get paid – genius.
34. Create an Online Course
Is there something you are good at and can teach to others? I have a friend who will teach you how to clean pools over his site, Swim University. Check out Udemy for ideas on your next online course and see how much people are paying for someone like you to teach them.
One of the greatest accomplishments I have had in my business is helping others reach financial freedom. We have had over 500 students graduate Awesome Money Course and completely turn their money situation around!
If you are tired of living the paycheck-to-paycheck lifestyle and would like to save more, pay off debt, and reach true financial freedom, then Awesome Money Course was made for you.
I am so confident you will absolutely love the program that I have 100% money-back guarantee
meaning you could download the entire course, keep it, and ask for a refund.
I hope no one would do that, but I will also take that risk if it results in you learning how to manage money, pay off debt, save, and build a wealthy future.
However, if you would like to try a little bit of our program out, we do have a 100% free mini-course called the Cash Flow Formula which will show you the step-by-step to building a monthly cash-flow plan with many of our favorite money-hacks to save more and pay off debt quicker!
Start Cash Flow Formula (FREE)
  35. Spray Tanning
A good friend of mine (Jessica) has become the queen of spray tanning in our area. In fact, she is making $900 per week cash spray tanning both the ladies and the men and it’s all through word-of-mouth! You can check her out at JC Glows on Facebook to see how she set up her side hustle.
I asked her how she got started and she said this:
She started with this exact tanning kit
She uses this tanning tent
She taught herself how watching YouTube
36. Become a Cover Letter/Resume’ Writer
Professionals of all kinds pay ridiculous amounts of money for professionally written resumes. I know one guy who paid a professional resume’ writer $5,000.
If you have a knack for writing compelling and attention-grabbing resumes, consider offering your services on sites such as freelancer.com or Craigslist.
37. Develop an App
If you’ve got a great idea for an app that will make people’s lives easier or more exciting, this could be a great side hustle for you.
Check out this post on learnappmaking.com for more information on how to develop and market an app for some extra income.
38. Catering
If you love cooking, serving food, and entertaining at your own home, then get paid to do it for someone else. This can be fun and can often go from side hustle to full-time if you’re really good at it!
39. Computer Repair
If you love “playing” computers, then help someone repair theirs and get paid for it. Note: You must know a little bit about computers 🙂
40. Computer Training
How many Baby Boomers (or anyone for that matter) do you know who are still having trouble checking their email. If you were able to navigate to this web page, then you probably have the skills to teach extremely basic computer skills to an extreme beginner.
41. Guitar Gigs
A friend of mine finds guitar gigs online, on Facebook, and in the paper all the time. He shows up, plays for a few hours, and leaves with cash in hand. Note: you must be good at playing the guitar.
42. Guitar Lessons
If you are handy on the 6 string and can show someone else, teach them. Better yet, teach the world online how to play guitar.
43. Handyman Work
Some people are handy and others are not. Let your neighbors know that you are available to hang a ceiling fan, patch a hole in the drywall, fix an irrigation leak, or paint a fence. All can be done for them ASAP for a small fee 🙂
I love TaskRabbit. Whether I need a doggy door installed, someone to clean my house this weekend, or even mount a TV, I can go on TaskRabbit to find someone in an instant. YOU could be that person I find next on TaskRabbit for hire!
44. Lifeguard
Become a lifeguard and earn $16/hr – $20/hr part-time. Not only do you make some extra cash, but you are guaranteed to get a little tan as well.
45. Mobile Oil Change
If you don’t mind getting underneath the car and pulling the drain plug for people, then this could be your next side hustle. People are busy, and may want to pay you to change their oil while they are at work. Note: Wal-Mart always has the cheapest oil.
46. Network Marketing
Network marketing (sometimes referred to as multi-level-marketing) can sometimes have a bad connotation if you have ever been scammed in the past. However, there are very reputable companies out there that you can start working for today with very little buy-in or overhead. A member of our family started off her network marketing business as a side hustle and has turned it into a part-time gig with full-time income. Warning: if you are told it doesn’t require any actual work – run away!
47. Personal Training
Someone out there wants to get into better shape, and they are willing to pay you to help them. If you love fitness, this would be a perfect side hustle for you.
48. Tutoring
Take your education and use it to make money on the side. Tutor students and get paid handsomely.
Live in the U.S. or U.K. and hold a bachelor’s degree? You can earn up to $20/hr plus bonuses to teach kids English online from the comfort of home. Learn more here.
49. Teach Music Lessons
From singing to playing piano or any other number of instruments, parents everywhere are seeking music lessons for their kids.
If you have a gift for a musical skills, consider teaching that skill to local kids. You might be able to find jobs by looking on Craigslist or by seeking out local public school or homeschooling groups to connect with parents who have school-aged children.
50. Start a Baking Business
Do you have a gift for baking goodies such as cake, muffins or cookies? Why not use that gift to make yourself some extra cash?
Events such as birthday parties, weddings, office parties and meetings, retirement parties and more often have baked treats as a part of their celebration.
Advertise your culinary skills on Craigslist and with local event booking venues for your bakery services.
Be sure to check with state officials on what the rules are for serving and selling food in your area first.
51. Become a Sports Umpire
Are you knowledgeable about the rules and regulations of certain sports? Do you like working with kids? Recreation associations often pay good money for organized sports umpires for football, baseball, and more.
In our area, umpires earn about $30 an hour. Check with local sporting organizations for job opening details.
Physical Labor Hustles
If you don’t putting in a little sweat equity, you can do very well side hustling with some physical labor attached to it. I did #50 when I was getting out of debt and generated over $1,000 each month.
52. Clean Pools
This requires very little overhead and is simple to do. Go to Google Earth and look up which homes in your neighborhood have a pool, and offer to start today. I actually did this to get out of debt and it worked out great!
53. House Cleaning
People are busy and don’t have time to clean their homes. This is where you come in 🙂 Search your area in Craigslist to get an idea for pricing your own services.
54. Mowing Lawns
If you don’t have the funds to purchase all the equipment, then offer to your mow lawns with their equipment. I actually did this in grade school because I wasn’t old enough to drive. I just showed up, grabbed their lawnmower, and was paid.
55. Painting Gates
Gates fade and someone needs to repaint them. A kid in the neighborhood took pics of faded gates and pretty gates and posted them on the mailbox with his number and price. (I think one of the faded gate pics he took was my gate also).
56. Painting Services
Remember that movie American Pie 2 where they spend the summer in a lake house and do some side painting. No one likes painting their houses or walls, so why not help them out for a little side cash? Start out small by offering to paint a bedroom or two, and work your way up from there. Pricing rule: $1 per square ft of painting.
57. Shoveling Snow
No one likes shoveling snow and this is why you will be paid for it.
58. Wash Cars
If you can wash a car, then you can make money. People are busy and don’t have time to even take their cars to the wash anymore
this is where you come in.
59. Wash Windows
I recently paid a guy to wash my windows because he advertised $4/window. He spent about 1 hour washing a total of 20 windows and walked away with $80 cash. His entire setup was a bucket and a squeegee. Maybe I should wash my own windows and my neighbor’s windows for an affordable price of only $4 a window.
Unique Hustles
If you are unique, then you deserve some unique side hustles. Some of these are extremely cool, but a few of them
well I am still waiting for you to try.
60. Rent out Your Baby Gear
Think of it as the Airbnb of Baby Gear.
Have you ever traveled with kids and realized what a pain-in-the-butt it is to take the stroller, hi-chair, pack-n-play, and everything else that babies need? Think about dragging all of that through the airport, onto the train, or inside the Uber?
BabyQuip offers a simple solution. They provide families with a wide assortment of clean, quality baby equipment—everything they need to keep their little ones sleeping well at night and happily engaged during the day.
And guess who makes 80% commission (plus tips) renting their baby gear out?
You, the side hustler!
BabyQuip
61. Sell Your Hair Online
Thinking about a new hair style? You may want to. People are paying up to $1,000 for quality hair if you can remember to wash it more than once a month J Check out what your hair is worth at Hairsellon.
Hairsellon
62. Paint Street Numbers
A father and son rang my doorbell and pointed out to me my street numbers were faded. “For only $10, they would repaint my street numbers so my house would look better”. I paid it and it took them 37 seconds. They did 6 houses on my street alone. This is a great little side hustle.
63. Sell Drinks
where it’s hot (and where it’s cold)
I live in Phoenix where it will hover at 116°F during the summer. During the hottest weeks, there is a guy who sells snow cones and water for a premium.
I asked him how business was recently – he smiled and said “Business is gooooooood”. Buy a case of water at Costco for $0.12 a bottle and resell them for $2 wherever it is HOT. Who wouldn’t pay $2 for ice-cold water during the dog days of summer?
64. TaskRabbit
Become a task rabbit and get paid. People in your neighborhood are looking to pay you to put together furniture from Ikea, do their grocery shopping, install a ceiling fan, be a bartender at their party, or mount their TV to the wall.
65. Start a Home Staging Business
Somebody is always selling a home, and homes sell faster and for more money when they are “staged”.
As a home stager you can tailor your business to meet a variety of client needs. Creating relationships with local realtors is one way to help you find home staging clients.
66. Be a Work-From-Home Customer Service Rep
There are many legit companies that offer to hire customer service representatives who can from home. One of the more popular work-from-home companies is U-Haul, the well-known moving company.
67. Start an Estate Sale Service Business
An estate sale business buys a large majority of a client’s belongings, including furniture, vehicles and more, at a group rate and sells the stuff individually for profit.
This is a business that will take some work as you get to know the ropes but can be very lucrative in the long run.
68. Start a Vending Machine Business
Many companies want vending machines installed at their businesses for the convenience of employees and clients alike.
Although this type of side hustle would involve some costly initial cash, you may be able to make it up quickly if you install the machines in thriving businesses that service large numbers of people.
69. Pick Up Trash in Parking Lots
Brian Winch came on the podcast to share how he picks up trash around parking lots and now earns a 6-figure income by doing so. Although it may not be glorious work, it does pay well and it’s extremely affordable to get started. Before you get started, check out the Clean Lots tutorial here.
You’ve Got to be Kidding Me Hustles
Before you read on, just remember the name of these side hustles are you’ve-go-to-be-kidding-me side hustles. Some of them will actually shock you ?.
70. Be a Sperm Donor
This is straight out of the movie Road Trip when they need gas money. However, you can make substantial money donating sperm, with some places offering up $1,000/month to healthy men. Be aware, if you’re not a true thoroughbred, you won’t be paid as much!
71. Be a Plasma Donor
Since there is no way to synthetically make plasma, you will be compensated for your donation. Rates vary from state to state, but you can make on average $200/month for only a few hours of your time
.and blood.
We have a full list of where you can earn $400 per month donating plasma here.
72. Become a Cuddler
Ah yes, cuddling. This is an actual real job and I recently saw it featured in a news segment. People are paying for up to 3 hours of platonic hugging (and they pay a lot). Job requirements: enjoy hugging strangers.
73. Pick up Dog Poop
Who likes picking up dog poop? Nobody. This is why you can get paid for it.
youtube
74. Rent-a-Friend
You can sign up for free at Rentafriend to be someone else friend both part-time and full-time with pay between $20/hr – $50/hr. Yes, this sounds very strange from the outside looking in, but a lot of times you are helping someone get acquainted in a new town, meet a new group of friends, or simply have a cup of coffee with. Most importantly – friendship is always platonic (no touching).
Easy Peasy Hustles
These are some of the classic side hustles that we call the easy peasy ones. If you are looking for simple, but yet effective, these are the side hustles for you.
75. Babysitting
If you like kids and don’t go out on the weekends, become a babysitter. Advertise to all of your friends (and Facebook Friends) that you will watch their kids so they can have a date night. New to the area? Then get connected with Care.com to become a certified/recommended babysitter in your area.
76. Dog Walking
Create this ad: “Love your dog but simply don’t have time to walk them? Let me help you!” There will always be someone willing to pay to keep their doggy happy, and this person is you.
77. Gig Walking
Download the free App and then find “gigs” in your neighborhood that companies are willing to pay you for. Can you check out the price of milk in a certain store for $6 or snap a pic of a storefront for $5 on the way to work? Note: You will start off with the crappier jobs in the beginning, but prove yourself and you will start getting offered the higher-paying jobs soon enough.
78. Golf Course
If you love being around the golf course (or don’t mind a few drunk old men) you can make pretty good money part-time by collecting balls off the range, cleaning golf carts, or serving cold beers at the tee box.
79. House-sitting
Who doesn’t want to get paid for simply living in someone else’s house for a few day days? This is simple and people will pay you for it. You can think of it as a mini staycation too!
80. Mystery Shopper
Get paid $10 – $30 on average to be a mystery shopper. However, beware because there are a lot of scams out there. I recommend checking out Marketforce, Best Mark, and Intelli-101 before you head anywhere else.
81. Pet Grooming
There are people out there that simply will not shave their dog and will pay you for it. Create a Facebook Page called “iShaveDogs” and let all your friends know! Someone will hire you.
82. Pet Sitting
If you truly love animals, then why not get paid to hang out with someone else’s dog or cat for the weekend? You can become a pet sitter at Care.com or specialize in only watching over someone’s pooch at Rover.
83. RedBox
You love renting movies for only $1.75, but did you know you can get paid to stock DVDs into the kiosks and make sure they are working properly? Check out Redbox Jobs and also see these 12 free Redbox Codes for free moves and games.
84. Sell ScrapMetal
Post in your social media or offer in the newspaper that you will come and take any scrap metal away for people. Not only could you make a few extra bucks for hauling away metal, but then you could sell it at a scrap yard. Double whammy!
85. Tax Prep
When I was in college, TurboTax hit the Internet. I created an ad on a bulletin board and offered Tax Prep for those who make less than $100k/year so I could use the free 1040EZ software. My overhead was $0 and I charged $20 to punch the numbers from the W-2 into TurboTax. Another great option is to try H&R Block and see which one you like the best. We also have a full review of H&R Block here.
TurboTax
86. Sign Spinner
Do you ever see those people standing on the corner, wearing headphones, oblivious to the entire world around them, and flipping signs in the air? They are making money and you can too. What about sign holder? Well, maybe you’re not the spinning type

87. Sign Holder
Maybe you’re just not the spinning type 🙂
TWEET This: When you're broke, the BEST place to find more money is at work.Click To Tweet
Final Takeaway
As you can see, we live in a time when anyone who wants to make a little (or a lot) of money can. Your local area is no longer the only area to make money. The entire world is at your fingertips through the use of many of the options mentioned in this post.
What is one skill you have that others could learn from? Think about what’s the one thing you actually love doing that people would want to pay you for? How can you take your side hustle idea and turn it into monthly income?
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 it’s go time my friends!
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The Best of the Best Proven Side Hustles You Should Know About published first on https://justinbetreviews.tumblr.com/
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juniperpublishers-imst · 5 years ago
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Advancing Electronic Waste Management Techniques among Electrical/Electronic Technicians’ Workshops for Sustainable Healthy Society - Juniper publishers
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Abstract
This study focused on the advancement of e-waste techniques among electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops for sustainable healthy society. Study was conducted in Nigeria. The participants for the study included 87 university engineering lecturers and 54 public health officers. Study adopted survey research design and structured questionnaire for data collection. The study was validated by three experts and reliability coefficient of 0.79 was achieved. Data obtained was analyzed using percentage, mean and standard deviation while t-test and ANOVA were used to test hypotheses. The result claimed that all e-waste components are hazardous except aluminum. Meanwhile, the level of hazardous varies and depends on type of e-waste and level of abundance. Result claimed that e-waste in electrical/electronic technician workshop have severe consequences such as uncontrolled fire and inflammatory/respiratory problem among others in the environment. Result confirmed that electrical/electronic technicians adopted unsafe method for managing e-waste such as dumping of e-waste inside flowing water and swamp and using e-waste for land filling. Result explained further that electrical/electronic technicians are facing challenges- exposure to injury and unavailability of modern equipment among others- in managing e-waste. Also, result confirmed that technique for managing e-waste in electrical/electronic workshop include establishment of recycling site and establishment and implementation of regulation. Meanwhile, result stated that qualification, experience, age and occupation affects respondent opinions in response to research questions.
Keywords: Electrical/Electronic Technicians; Electrical/Electronic Workshops; E-Waste; Hazardous Component of E-Waste Material; E-Waste Management
Introduction
Educators and sociologists often conceive technicians as junior professional workers who know some proper subset of what professionals such as engineers or scientists know [1-3]. Technicians are workers in the field of technology who are pro­ficient in relevant skills and techniques, with relatively practical understanding of theoretical principles for the purpose of car­rying out installation, maintenance and repair activities [4,5]. Engineering technicians are charged with responsibilities like testing, monitoring, identifying, correcting and repairing (trou­bleshooting) problem that may arise on devices [6,7]. Generally, the ultimate function, discipline and way of life of technicians is to troubleshoot and ensure that machines and other physical systems remain in good working order [8]. Meanwhile, during the 1950s and 1960s, technician was routinely cross-referenced with “radio and television” as well as “electronics” repair [9]. This marks the beginning of electrical/electronic technicians.
Electrical/Electronic Technicians
Seigler [10] opined that electrical/electronic technician is a person working on electrical/electronic equipment at technical level between the skilled tradesman and the professional elec­trical engineer/scientists who has the technical knowledge and skill necessary to repair and service the modern-day consumer electronic products. In Nigeria, electrical/electronic technicians are trained in technical colleges to acquire necessary skills and competencies to carryout maintenance and repair activities such as dismantling, assembling, repairing, servicing, maintaining and installing electrical/electronic equipment and home appli­ances [11-14]. Arthur, et al. [1]; Seigler [10]; Dearden [15]; Bu­reau of Labour Statistics [16], Onuoha [17] reported that aside from upholding the responsibility of training apprentices, elec­trical/electronic technicians are charged to advice consumers, plan, design, develop, construct, assemble, erect, install, main­tain, repair, adjust, monitor, service, test and commission elec­ trical equipment/appliances. Seigler [10] asserted that most of electrical/electronic technicians carry out their function and maintenance activities in service shops or in stores popularly termed as workshop - a place where technicians and learners/ apprentices experiment, test, construct, dismantle, repair, de­sign, create, imagine and study [18-20]. Electrical/Electronic technicians troubleshoot, maintain and repair appliances and equipment of different types such as refrigerator and air-condi­tions, electric motors and generators, voltage regulators, electric fan, Radio and Television sets, Amplifiers and Video recorders among others [11,13]. To be candid, the work of electrical/elec­tronic technicians are acknowledged, recognized and supported globally. Experts expatiated that manufacturers of electrical/ electronic appliances are providing supportive skill training to technicians which enable technicians of electrical/electronic appliances to carry out repairing and maintenance activities to take faulty equipment back to their normal working condition for economic concern [21-24].
Meanwhile, ageing, shorter life span, emergence of new and latest technology, obsoleteness of existing technology, scarci­ty of spare parts to rectify faulty equipment, poor technologi­cal knowhow behind electrical/electronic product among the technicians, failure to afford charging/billing price or service requirement by consumers among other factors cause some electrical/electronic products and appliances to be accumulated at technician workshops or stores [25-30]. Onuoha [17] opined that most of electrical/electronic workshops are the house of junks for unrepaired and obsolete equipment. Also, Amachree [31]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez and Takamiya [32] ex­plained that one quarter of the fairly used electrical/electronic appliances imported to Nigeria are functional, while the remain­ing three quarter of these appliances are either electronic junk or unserviceable at electrical/electronic workshop. Babatunde [25] argued that these junks of electrical/electronic equipment constitute wastes of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Waste- EEE), which can otherwise be called Electronic Waste (E-Waste) or e-scraps at technicians’ workshops. Olaitan, Asogwa and Abu [23] reported that electrical/electronic machines and applianc­es become e-waste when they are considered out of use for their predetermined purposes.
E-waste
Kozlan [33] opined that e-waste is all electrical/electronic equipment or products with power plug, and batteries which have become obsolete due to advancement in technology, chang­es in fashion, style and status, and nearing the end of their useful life. Morgan [34] described e-waste as loosely discarded, sur­plus, obsolete or broken electrical or electronic devices. Electri­cal/electronic waste refers to electrical/electronic appliances designed with a voltage rating not exceeding 1000 volts for al­ternating current and 1500 volts for direct current which have become obsolete, at the end of their lives or that have been dis­carded by their original users [35-38]. Babatunde [25]; Munda­da, Sunil, & Shekdar, [26]; Ewuim, Akunne, Abajue, Nwankwo & Faniran [39]; Eyo [40]; Ogbomo, Obuh & Ibolo [41] opined that e-waste could be mobile phones, computers, communication equipment, entertainment electronic gadgets, household elec­tronic appliances, audio-visual equipment and other valuable items or less functional and durable electronic gadgets that are no longer in use by their original owners. Scholars submitted that e-waste, in most of the time, is grouped into large house­hold appliances, small household appliances, information tech­nology (IT) and telecommunication equipment and consumer equipment [38,39,42,43]. Emphatically, it is very undoubtful to declare that Massive volume and tons of e-waste are produced globally [44]. Specifically, it was estimated by scholars that 20 million to 50 million metric tons of e-waste is generated global­ly every year [25,45-49]. Thus, United States, Western Europe, China, Japan, and Australia are the major countries holding the leading position on the extent of e-waste generation in the world [28,50,51]. Scholars claimed that 50-80% of waste generated in these industrialized nations are probably exported to developing countries like China, India, Nigeria and Ghana [44,48,49,52-53]. Ogungbuyi, Nnorom, Osibanjo & Schluep [38]; UN Comtrade [54] estimated that within the year 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, 2794400, 57050, 46750, 2810900 and 403100 tons of electri­cal/electronic wastes were imported to Nigeria respectively. Eyo [40]; Christine [55]; Obaje [37]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez & Takamiya [32]; Sonny [56] reported that 500 containers of fairly used electrical/electronic appliances are imported to Nigeria ev­ery months from Europe with each container holding 500 to 800 computers and monitors representing about 400,000 computers arriving to Nigeria every month. Also, Adediran & Abdulkarim [35]; Amachree [31]; Amanze [57]; Bello, Najib, Umar & Ibra­him [58]; Basel Action Network, BAN (59); Khurrum, Adnan and Xiaozhe [60]; Nnorom & Osibanjo [61]; Percy [62]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez & Takamiya [32]; Obaje [37] claimed that five million of fairly used personal computers are imported an­nually into Nigeria through the major sea port of Lagos alone of which 25-75% of these computer wares are unusable junk and unserviceable. In addition to this, Baldé, Wang, Kuehr & Huis­man [45]; Chimere, Peter, Martina and Willie [47] reported that in 2014, Nigeria generated about 219 kilo tons of e-waste. Mean­while, Amoyaw-Osei et al. [63]; Edward-Ekpu [64]; Percy [62] reported that 1,100,000 tons of e-waste are generated in each year in Nigeria. Thus, the internally generated e-waste coupled with imported e-waste positioned Nigeria as one of the coun­tries where greater volume of e-waste is generated in Africa and in the world at large.
Ogungbuyi, Nnorom, Osibanjo & Schluep [38] expressed that the availability of large number of highly trained but low income informal technicians with impressive ability for repair­ing and refurbishing of used electrical/electronic equipment for local resale has influenced the importation of used electrical and electronic equipment from developed countries like Europe and North America to Africa such as Nigeria. However, following the fact that Nigeria as a nation lacks modern and standardized e-waste recycling facility, - the unusable, nonfunctional and un­serviceable e-waste is dumped in several public places and sites spread around the cities and country [39,65].
Hazardous Component of E-waste Material
Analytically, e-waste is made up of certain components like ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and insulators [39]. E-waste items such as battery and Printed circuit boards among oth­ers contain primarily metals and non-metals components and most have certain percentage of chromium, lead, copper, nick­el, cadmium, and other heavy metals and zinc [26,44,65,66-68]. Scientists affirmed that e-wastes has different hazardous and non- hazardous substances which are broadly consists of fer­rous and non-ferrous metals, plastics, glass, wood & plywood, printed circuit boards, concrete and ceramics, rubber and other items [43]. Heacock, Kelly & Asante, et al. [44]; Napoleon and Sinclair [68]; Needhidasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27] also claimed that e-waste has the content of both toxic and valuable materials in them. Shamsul [69] agreed to this and depicted that most electronic products contain toxic metals of different types which can quickly contaminate the environment when dumped. Thus, electrical/electronic equipment are made from hazardous/toxic elements capable of making e-waste a treat and affecting human and the environmental health in Nigeria [27,32,38,40,60,64,67,69,70-74]. Also, Alake & Ighalo [75] ex­plained that many components of disposed electrical/electronic waste are heinously toxic, non-biodegradable and ecologically debilitating in nature if accidentally released into the environ­ment. In most of the time, e-waste material has severe negative influence on electrical/electronic technicians and the nearby resident, by affecting the air, water and soil around them [38]. Many studies were conducted on identification of e-waste com­ponents but none of these studies was specifically focused on hazardous status of e-waste components based on the quantity of abundance in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops. Thus, part of this study would examine the hazardous status of e-waste components based on the quantity of abundance in elec­trical/electronic technician’s workshop.
These toxins will end up in the biological systems of living organisms causing terminal ailments, diseases and death if al­lowed [75,76]. Also, Omenogo [28]; Yousif [77] submitted that when e-waste is not properly disposed, the toxic substances present in components of electrical/electronic equipment can be harmful to humans and other organisms. Obaje [37]; Terada [65] claimed that the risk from e-waste affects the entire eco­systems and it is a major environmental health risk to wildlife and humans. For instance, Anwesha & Pardeep [78] reported that Guiyu in Hong Kong, a flourishing area of illegal e-waste re­cycling, is battling with shortages of clean and pure water due to the contamination of water resources by e-waste component. Nnorom & Osibanjo [61]; Sridhar & Bammeke [79] reported that in an industrialized area of Lagos state, some water body were tested to be acidic with PH scale of 3.40. This was attributed to mobility of heavy metals from disposed e-waste items and ma­terials and from ash and cinder resulting from the open burn­ing process, toward water bodies used for domestic purposes [61]. Also, Obaje [37]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez & Takamiya [32]; Terada [65] reported that 4,000 tons of hazardous e-waste (polychlorinated biphenyi) imported to koko area in Delta state, Nigeria from Italy in 1988 caused many people in the area died of cancerous diseases before it was discovered and repatriated back to source country. It is not doubtful to claim that number of studies were carried out on general hazardous effect of e-waste but none of these studies specifically focused on hazardous ef­fect of e-waste in electrical/electronic service workshop. Thus, this study would investigate the possible effect of electrical/ electronic waste components in electrical/electronic workshop to human and its environment.
Pike Research reported that the volume of electronics e-waste, with increasing adoption of electronic gadgets around the world and ever shorter product life cycles, is expected to double over the next 15 years, from 6 million tons in 2010 to 14.9 million tons, by 2025 [55,80-81]. In another submit, Basel Ac­tion Network (BAN) claimed that e-waste generated worldwide has elevated from 9.3 million tons in 2005 to 50 million tons in 2012 [42,30]. Thus, the problem is that only around one tenth of these e-wastes were collected and taken care of [42,48,82- 84] while the remaining 90% become threat to the society and constituting wasting of resources [44,61]. In a real sense, collec­tion of electrical and electronic waste is a sustainable process that maximizes recycling to retain valuable e-waste components in the economy and safely disposes of dangerous components [83-84]. Thus, to get rid of these adverse effects of e-waste that are generated in electrical/electronic service workshop, there is need for proper management of e-waste materials.
E-waste management
Adediran & Abdulkarim [56] submitted that e-waste manage­ment is a process of reducing, reusing and recycling of e-waste. Obaje [37]; Waste Management [85] opined that e-waste man­agement is an effective recovery of all reusable materials from old, nonfunctioning, abandoned and disposed electrical/elec­tronic equipment; and safe disposal of the hazardous substanc­es in them to prevent such toxic material from contaminating the environment. Management of e-wastes involves collection, keeping, treatment and disposal of electrical/electronic waste/ scraps in a safe manner to repudiate/prevent human and its environment from harmful effect e-waste [86,87]. Meanwhile, the practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians in their workshops to manage e-waste generated seem to be ille­gal, primitive and unsafe. Anwesha & Pardeep [78]; SepĂșlveda, Schluep & Renaud [88] claimed that a persistent increase in legal and illegal trade of waste electrical and electronic equip­ment (WEEE) worldwide has caused equally increasing concern of poor WEEE management techniques. Scholars claimed that unsafe, unregulated and unaccountable collection, processing, and redistribution of old or abandoned electrical/electronic equipment are performed by workers at temporary sites, resi­ dences, workshops, and open public spaces [44]. Thus, Heacock, Kelly & Asante, et al. [44]; Solving the E-Waste Problem, StEP, Initiative [89] submitted that general practices of e-waste man­agement among the populaces include using acid baths, burning cables, breaking of e-waste item into smaller parts using forceful approach, and dumping of e-waste materials into an unjustifi­able position. Meanwhile, these workers may have embarked on e-waste risky processes and practices due to some challeng­es they may likely to have been facing such as lack of required knowledge, little or no access to latest technology and personal protective equipment among others [44,90]. However, the stud­ies reviewed expatiated on unsafe practices of general public regarding e-waste management and challenges they might be encountered while managing on e-wastes management. Thus, none of these studies empirically claimed the common practices of electrical/electronic technicians regarding e-waste manage­ment in Nigeria. One of the focus of this study was to determine the common practice adopted by electrical/electronic techni­cians to manage e-waste in their workshops and, the challenges which electrical/electronic technicians were encountering over e-waste management in their service workshops.
Azodo, Ogban & Okpor [88]; Okwesili, Ndukwe & Nwuzor [91] asserted that management of e-wastes focused on efforts of concerned people through conscious and systematic attempt in maintaining and sustaining an aesthetic, economically viable, physically healthy, conducive and safe environment for living. Hossain, Al-Hamadani & Rahman [42]; India Central Pollution Control Board [92]; Nnorom & Osibanjo [61]; Pinto [93] claimed that reclaiming some of the e-wastes materials and recycling them appropriately will mitigate the severe effect of e-waste on living things including plant and animals and their environment. Hossain, Al-Hamadani & Rahman [42] submitted that proper management of these e-wastes is important for the purpose of getting free from hazardous chemicals effect they possessed. Obaje [37]; Opara [94] claimed also that failure to effectively manage e-waste can leads to adverse environmental deteriora­tion, depletion of potentially valuable resource base for second­ary equipment and by extension serves as blocking stone for the attainment of sustainable development.
The goal three and eleven of sustainable development (agen­da 2030) declared in September 25-27, 2015 at United Nation Head Quarters, New York emphasized that quality and healthy living and well-being for all at all ages; and inclusive, safe, resil­ient and sustainable cities and human settlements must be the ultimate priority of all nations including Nigeria [95-103]. The target for attaining these goals among others includes strength­ening the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks; and reduces the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste manage­ment [101-102]. However, there is need to device appropriate management techniques for e-waste materials in electrical/elec­tronic workshops globally and in Nigeria to be specific. This will go a long way in helping nations including Nigeria to achieve the sustainable healthy environment which goal three and eleven of agenda 2030 of sustainable development is advocating.
Anwesha & Pardeep [76] explained that the appropriate management measures of e-waste include establishment of stringent regulations. United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, [104] opined that strengthening the political cooperation of a country to promote capacity building among workers and enhance public and private investment on safe and environmen­tally careful waste management technology will reduce adverse effect of e-waste. Also, Alabaster, Asante & Bergman et al. [105] recognized that bringing poverty to minimum level will allevi­ate the e-waste challenge in the long-term. Heacock, Kelly & As­ante [44] submitted that raising the awareness and regulation of trans-boundary movement and disposal of hazardous and other wastes is a critical means of managing e-waste. Thus, portion of this study would empirically determine the techniques required to manage e-wastes in electrical/electronic service workshops in Nigeria. This is because none of existing studies has ever in­vestigated on techniques for managing e-waste in technician’s workshops. However, the purpose of this study was to advance electrical/electronic waste management techniques among elec­trical/electronic technicians’ workshops for sustainable healthy society. Specifically, the study sort to address the following re­search questions:
a) What are the hazardous status of e-waste components in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops base on their level of abundance?
b) What are the hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/ electronic technicians’ workshops to human and its environ­ment?
c) What are the common practices adopted by electrical/ electronic technicians to manage e-waste in their work­shops?
d) What are the challenges which electrical/electronic tech­nicians encountered over e-waste management in their workshops?
e) What are the e- waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops?
Paul [106] claimed that demographic measures typically are used to identify key respondent characteristics that might influence opinion and/or are correlated with behaviours and experiences. Demographic measures include age, type of school, gender, level of academic study, race and educational attainment among other [106-107]. Thus, this study will test influence of qualification, experience, age and occupation on respondents’ opinions on advancement of waste management techniques in electrical/electronic’ workshops for sustainable Nigerian health society.
Hypotheses
a) HA1 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous status of e-waste com­ponents base on their level of abundance in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops.
b) HA2 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous effect of electrical/elec­tronic waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops.
c) HA3 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on common practices adopted by elec­trical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in their work­shops.
d) HA4 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/elec­tronic technicians encountered over e-waste management in their workshops.
e) HA2 Qualification, experience, age and occupation would significantly influence opinion of engineering lecturers and public health officers on e- waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops.
Materials and Methods
The study adopted Descriptive Survey research design. The study was conducted in Nigeria. Nganzi [108]; Gall, Gall & Borg [109] opined that descriptive surveys research design can be used to collect detailed and factual information that describes an existing phenomenon- their form, actions, changes over time and similarities with other phenomena- from all or a chosen number of the population of the concerned universe. Descrip­tive survey research design was adopted in this study because information regarding e-waste management was collected from experts using questionnaire. The study sampled one hundred and forty-one participants which included 54 public health of­ficers and 87 engineering lecturers in five Nigerian universities: 20 lecturers from Metallurgical and material engineering, 35 lec­turers from Civil engineering and 32 lecturers from Electrical/ electronic engineering in Nigeria. The study adopted structured questionnaire as instrument for data collection. The instrument was divided into Part 1 and 2. Part 1 of the instrument was used to receive demographic information of research participants while Part 2 of the instrument was divided into five sections-A, B, C, D and E- to illicit participant responses on hazardous sta­tus of e-waste component, hazardous effect of e-waste compo­nents, common practice adopted by electrical/electronic tech­nicians to manage e-waste material, challenges encountered by technicians over e-waste management and e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops respec­tively. Questionnaire items were subjected to face and content validity through the help of three experts from two Nigerian uni­versities. The internal consistency of instrument was checked using Cronbach Alfa method. Thus, 0.76, 0.81, 0.69, 0.85 and 0.70 reliability coefficient estimate were obtained for section A, B, C, D and E respectively. Meanwhile, 0.79 was obtained as reliability coefficient estimate for the overall instrument. The instrument was administered using interpersonal contact by researchers and three research assistants. Researcher ensured consent of research participants using interpersonal discussion before the questionnaire is administered and through consent letter attached to the questionnaire. Data obtained were ana­lyzed using statistical software SPSS 22. The research questions were answered using mean, standard deviation and percentage. Meanwhile, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance. 50 percent, being the average percentage value, was considered as cutoff point be­fore any item in section A could be considered as strongly belong to any response category.While the average mean value (cut-off point) decision for section B, C, D and E was 1 2 3 4 5 3.0 2 + + + + =
Presentation of Result
Table 1 shows detail demographic profile of research par­ticipants. Specifically, the table illustrated two group of partici­pants-87 engineering lecturers which comprises of 20 metallur­gical and material lecturers, 35 civil engineering lecturers and 32 electrical/electronic lecturers; and 54 public health officers. The participants, in regard to experience distribution, has 9 bach­elor’s degree holders, 86 master’s degree holders and 46 PhD holders. The study participants, regarding experience distribu­tion, comprised six participants with 0-9 years of experience, ninety-nine participants with 10-19 years of experience, nine participants with 20-29 years of experience and twenty-seven participants with 30 and above years of experience. Finally, in regard to age distribution, three of participants fell within the age range of 20-30, eleven participants fell within the age range of 31 and 40, eighty four participants fell within the age range of 41-50, thirty nine participants fell between the age ranges of 51- 60 and 4 participants fell within the age range of 61-70.
Data in Table 2 revealed that respondents agreed that all the 34 components of e-waste are hazardous except aluminum. Specifically, lead, mercury, glass and organophosphorus had percentage ratings ranged between 66.6% and 95% under the category of ‘hazardous when slightly abundant’. This depicted that these components are hazardous and can intoxicate the en­vironment irrespective of the volume and quantity. Iron, copper, wood, yttrium, zinc, chlorobenzene and radioactive elements had percentage ratings ranged between 63.6% and 90.8% under the category of ‘hazardous when moderately abundant’. This in­dicated that these components are hazardous but can intoxicate the environment only when they are fairly or averagely abun­dant. Also, toner dust, cadmium, brominated flame among other components of e-waste had percentage ratings ranged between 61.0% and 95% under the category of ‘hazardous when largely abundant’. This illustrated that these components are hazardous but can intoxicate the environment only when they are largely or excessively abundant. Meanwhile, aluminum had percentage ratings of 68.8% under the category of ‘not hazardous regardless of state of abundant’. This depicted that aluminum cannot intox­icate the environment regardless of the volume and quantity. Many scholastic reports supported this finding. Reports claimed that over 60% of the total weight of most of e-waste consists of iron, gold, aluminum, copper, lead, mercury, beryllium, cadmium, chromium and brominated flame retardants, of which 2.7% are pollutants [27,110-114] and cause severe hazard to ecosystems with the attendant environmental health risk to wildlife and hu­mans [38,94,115]. The composition of electronic wastes is most­ly in various forms and types, containing more than 1,000 differ­ent toxic and non-toxic substances [42,116]. Also, gases releases from e-wastes component like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/ Fs) among others affects bio-physical environ­ments and cause detrimental effects to human health [42,117]. Furthermore, scholars reported that some of toxic heavy metals found in e-waste include copper, beryllium, lead, tin, cadmium, brominated flame retardants, antimony, barium, and mercury [25,118]. Obaje [37]; Puckett, Westervelt, Gutierrez & Takamiya [32]; Terada [65] reported that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exported to Koko area of Delta State, Nigeria in June 1988 was hazardous and caused death of cancer to people of the commu­nity.
Table 3 showed that the hazardous effect of e-waste in elec­trical/electronic workshops stood at mean value of (4.49±0.51). Meanwhile, the mean rating for each item stood at mean values ranged between (4.14±0.35) and (4.63±0.48). This depicted that all the 25 items had mean ratings above the cut-off point of 3.0 and were considered by respondents as hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops to human and its environment. United Nations Environment Pro­gramme [49] supported this result and herein reported that failure to care for solid wastes including e-waste incurs a se­vere penalty, later, in the form of resources needlessly lost, foul odours and unsightliness and contamination of air, water, and soil resources. Individuals who live near or on disposal sites, are infected with gastrointestinal parasites, worms, and related organisms [49]. Furthermore, study found that 36.3% of 1,000 women living near the informal recycling sites experienced stillbirths in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh and 64% had hear­ing and/or vision problems [42,119-121]. Also, burnt e-wastes produce smoke, dust or carbon particles from toners consist of carcinogens and other hazardous chemicals which causes severe inflammations and lesions including many respiratory, lung and skin cancer and diseases [68].
Table 4 showed that the common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in work­shops stood at mean value of (4.12±0.61). Meanwhile, the mean rating for thirteen items (item 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14) stood at mean values ranged between (3.19±0.51) and (4.56±0.50). This proclaimed that all thirteen items had mean ratings above the cut-off point of 3.0 and were considered by re­spondents as common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in workshops. Meanwhile, item 12 had rating value (2.34±0.91) bellow the cutoff value of 3.00 and was not considered by respondents as common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in workshops. The scholars Needhidasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27]; Sivakumaran [68] supported this finding wherein reported that dismantling of e-wastes takes much labor, in countries like China and in some parts of India where big quantity of tons of e-wastes are junked, dismantled, shredding, tearing and burn­ing. Needhidasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27]; Sinha-Khetriwal [73] reported that in Mumbai metropolis alone, people throw away 19,000 to 20,000 tons of electronic waste every month. Babatunde [25] reported that uncontrolled burning, disassem­bly and disposal which are common in the society can cause environmental and health problems. Also, Edward-Ekpu [64] reported that in Nigeria, a lot of e-waste are also stockpiled in offices and homes.
Table 5 showed that the challenges which electrical/elec­tronic technicians encounter over e-waste management stood at mean value of (4.62±0.44). Meanwhile, the mean rating for each item stood at mean values ranged between (4.40±0.49) and (4.94±0.23). This depicted that all the 10 items had mean ratings above the cut-off point of 3.0 and were considered by respon­dents as challenges which electrical/electronic technicians en­counter over e-waste management in workshops. Thus, this re­sult was supported by scholars and scientist in the field of waste management. Obaje [37] submitted that e-waste is a major prob­lem in Nigeria today because there is very low level of awareness of the hazards and health risk associated with e-waste. Needhi­dasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27] reported that people who are working with e-waste sector are the urban poor with very low literacy levels and hence have very little awareness regarding the hazards of e-waste toxins. Babatunde [25] reported that one of the challenges facing e-waste management in Nigeria is lack of public awareness by manufacturers and consumers on the in­herent dangers of handling and trading in e-waste and lack of a comprehensive e-waste management regulation or legislation in Nigeria to regulate, control and prohibit the flow of used con­sumer electronic products within Nigeria. E-waste collection in Nigeria is not organized because there are no collection centres for e-waste materials and this however caused most of e-wastes to be dumped along with other wastes [64].
Table 6 revealed that the e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops stood at mean value of (4.43±0.49). Meanwhile, the mean rating for each item stood at mean values ranged between (4.03±0.58) and (4.96±0.20). This proclaimed that all the 34 items had mean ratings above the cut-off point of 3.0 and were considered by respondents as e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electron­ic workshops. The reports of past research supported the pres­ent findings. Manfred [122] supported this finding and herein reported that waste management service is falling too short of the desired level of efficiency and satisfaction resulting in prob­lems of health, sanitation and environmental degradation due to absence of serious efforts from necessary authorities. Thus, Needhidasan, Melvin & Ramalingam [27] reported that techni­cal and policy-level interventions, implementation and capacity building and increasing the public awareness can convert this challenge of massive e-waste generated into an opportunity. Babatunde [25] recommended that government should estab­lish regulatory framework, through relevant agencies to manage e-waste and permanent e-waste collection facilities should be provided at strategic locations and usage of such facilities should be enforced. Ewuim, Akunne, Abajue, Nwankwo & Faniran [39] submitted that mass education and awareness should be creat­ed by regulatory bodies and government on inherent dangers of poor e-waste management on the environment.
Table 7 shows the summary of analysis of t-test and one-way between-groups analysis of variance that was conducted to ex­plore the influence of qualification, experience, age and occupa­tion of public health officers and engineering lecturers on their response to research questions. Participants were divided into three, four, five and two groups according to their qualification, experience, age and occupation respectively.
Hypothesis 1
Thus, qualification statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous status of e-waste components in electrical/electronic work­shops base on level of abundance: F (2,138) = 6.688; Sig.= 0.002. Experience statistically influenced the response of engineer­ing lecturers and public health officers on hazardous status of e-waste components in electrical/electronic workshops base on level of abundance: F (3,137) = 8.018; Sig.= 0.000. Age statisti­cally influenced the response of engineering lecturers and pub­lic health officers on hazardous status of e-waste components in electrical/electronic workshops base on level of abundance: F (4,136) = 24.228; Sig.= 0.000. Meanwhile, occupation did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous status of e-waste compo­nents in electrical/electronic workshops base on level of abun­dance: F (139, 90.976) = 0.232; Sig.= 0.631.
Hypothesis 2
Qualification statistically influenced the response of engi­neering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous ef­fect of e-waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops: F (2,138) = 7.384; Sig.= 0.001. Experience statistically influ­enced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops: F (3,137) = 11.573; Sig.= 0.000. Age sta­tistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous effect of e-waste in electri­cal/electronic technicians’ workshops: F (4,136) = 11.365; Sig.= 0.000. Meanwhile, occupation did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on hazardous effect of e-waste in electrical/electronic technicians’ workshops: F (139, 110.082) = 0.145; Sig.= 0.704.
Hypothesis 3
Qualification did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in the workshops: F(2,138)= 0.556; Sig.= 0.575. Expe­rience did not statistically influence the response of engineer­ing lecturers and public health officers on common practices adopted by electrical/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in the workshops: F(3,137)= 0.700; Sig.= 0.553. Age did not sta­tistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on common practices adopted by electri­cal/electronic technicians to manage e-waste in the workshops: F(4,136)= 0.923; Sig.= 0.453. Also, occupation did not statisti­cally influence the response of engineering lecturers and pub­lic health officers on common practices adopted by electrical/ electronic technicians to manage e-waste in the workshops: F(139,104.969)= 0.627; Sig.= 0.430.
Hypothesis 4
Qualification statistically influenced the response of engi­neering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encounter over e-waste man­agement: F(2,138)= 9.809; Sig.= 0.000. Age statistically influ­enced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/electronics technicians encounter over e-waste management: F(4,136)= 4.856; Sig.= 0.001.Meanwhile, experience did not statistically influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encounter over e-waste management: F(3,137)= 0.319; Sig.= 0.812. Also, occupation did not statistically influence the response of engi­neering lecturers and public health officers on challenges which electrical/electronic technicians encounter over e-waste man­agement: F(139, 113.799)= 0.084; Sig.= 0.773.
Hypothesis 5
Qualification statistically influenced the response of engi­neering lecturers and public health officers on e-waste manage­ment techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops: F(2,138)= 24.196; Sig.= 0.000. Age statistically influenced the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on e-waste management techniques required in electrical/elec­tronic workshops: F(4,136)= 17.938; Sig.= 0.000.Meanwhile, experience did not statistically influence the response of engi­neering lecturers and public health officers on e-waste manage­ment techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops: F(3,137)= 0 .781; Sig.= 0.507. Also, occupation did not statisti­cally influence the response of engineering lecturers and public health officers on e-waste management techniques required in electrical/electronic workshops: F(139, 113.799)= 0.095; Sig.= 0.757. Omenogo [28], while comparing the practices of two ter­tiary institutions in Nigeria on e-waste management, reported that institution was not a determining factor on whether a de­partment keep records of discarded electronic equipment and records of stored out of use electronic items. Ohajinwa, Peter, Martina & Willie [123] reported also that health risk awareness level of the e-waste workers was significantly lower compared with their counterparts in the same informal sector. Thus, this study has commonalities with those previous studies.
Conclusion
The study investigated advancement of electrical/electron­ic waste management techniques among electrical/electron­ic technicians’ workshops for sustainable healthy society. The study uncovered the hazardous status of many composition of electronic waste materials based on the level of abundance. The study also revealed empirically the hazardous effect of e-waste materials in electrical/electronic workshops. Also, study con­firmed the common e-waste practices among electrical/elec­tronic technicians in their workshops and the challenges they are facing on e-waste management. Finally, this study discovered e-waste management techniques required for managing e-waste materials in electrical/electronic workshops. This study was geared purposely to reconstruct our society for sustainable and conducive living.
Limitation of the study
The study adopted survey research design wherein ques­tionnaire was used. This was not the best. There was part of this study that required pure and in-depth laboratory investigation. Thus, future study can be centered on this regard.
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