#Clinical case reports

[literaturepublishersjournal]

Journals Accepting Clinical Images

Clinical Images and Case Reports Journal (CICRJ) is a peer-reviewed high impact factor indexed medical journal established Internationally which provides a platform to publish Clinical Images, Medical Case Reports, Clinical Case Reports, Case Series (series of 2 to 6 cases) and Clinical Videos in Medicine. This is one of clinical images accepting journal in which authors can publish clinical images. Clinical images and case reports journal accepting clnical images for rapid and high quality image publication.

Journal Homepage: https://www.literaturepublishers.org/

The purpose of this clinical imaging journal is to spread the knowledge of novel discoveries and interventions in various fields of clinical imaging science and images in medicine. Medical Image Journal provides a platform for securing visual images concerning medical cases that the physicians come across in all medical subspecialties for better understanding of the disease epidemiology, diagnosis and management.

Manuscript Submission

Authors may submit their manuscripts through the journal's online submission portal: https://www.literaturepublishers.org/submit.html

(or) Send an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office E-mail Id: editor.cicrj@literaturepublishers.org

[jcrmhscasereports]

The Causes of Facial Pain are Numerous | Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences - ISSN: 2832-1286

The Causes of Facial Pain are Numerous by  Siniša Franjić in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences - ISSN: 2832-1286

ABSTRACT

One of the most difficult problems in modern medicine is facial pain. Sometimes an experienced doctor does not immediately recognize the symptoms and makes a misdiagnosis. The causes of facial pain are numerous. Therefore, the patient should be examined by physicians of several specializations.

KEYWORDS

Facial Pain, Injuries, TN, TMD, CRS

INTRODUCTION

Facial pain occurring in the absence of trauma may be caused by a variety of disorders, many of which may be associated with referred pain, thereby making accurate localization of the source difficult [1]. For this reason, a careful examination of the face, orbits, eyes, oral and nasal cavities, auditory canals, and temporomandibular joints is an essential aspect of the evaluation of these patients.

Pain can result from many different disease processes [2]. The most common causes of facial pain are trauma, sinusitis, and dental disease. The history suggests the diagnosis, which is usually confirmed with the physical findings. With appropriate treatment and resolution of the disease, the pain also abates. Sometimes the cause of the pain is not apparent or the pain does not resolve with the other symptoms.

The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) supplies sensation to the face. The first division (ophthalmic) supplies the forehead, eyebrows, and eyes. The second division (infraorbital) supplies the cheek, nose, and upper lip and gums. The third division (mandibular) supplies the ear, mouth, jaw, tongue, lower lip, and submandibular region. When pain is located in a very specific nerve distribution area, lesions involving that nerve must be considered. Tumors involving the nerve usually cause other symptoms, but pain may be the only complaint, and presence of a tumor at the base of the skull or in the face must be ruled out. When the work-up is negative, the diagnosis may be one of many types of neuralgia, which is a pain originating within the sensory nerve itself. Treatment is medical or, in some cases, surgical.

After immobilization, patients who are unconscious without respiratory effort require intubation to establish a functional airway, and this must be a first priority [3]. Laryngoscopically guided oral intubation is the technique of choice and must be undertaken without movement of the cervical spine; an assistant is essential in this regard and should remain at the patient’s head providing constant, in-line stabilization. Patients with inspiratory effort may be nasotracheally intubated provided that significant maxillofacial, perinasal, or basilar skull injuries are not present; when present or suspected, nasotracheal intubation is relatively contraindicated.

Facial pain remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for both clinicians and patients [4]. In clinical practice, patients suffering from facial pain generally undergo multiple repeated consultations with different specialists and receive various treatments, including surgery. Many patients, as well as their primary care physicians, mistakenly attribute their pain as being due to rhinosinusitis when this is not the case. It is important to exclude non-sinus-related causes of facial pain before considering sinus surgery to avoid inappropriate treatment. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients have persistent facial pain after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) due to erroneous considerations on aetiology of facial pain by physicians. It should be taken into account that neurological and sinus diseases may share overlapping symptoms, but they frequently co-exist as comorbidities. The aim of this review was to clarify the diagnostic criteria of facial pain in order to improve discrimination between sinogenic and non-sinogenic facial pain and provide some clinical and diagnostic criteria that may help clinicians in addressing differential diagnosis.

HISTORY

Facial pain is pain localised to the face, and the diagnosis of facial pains has puzzled clinicians for centuries [5]. Some of the confusion is related to the delimitation of the facial structure and how pain is classified. The face is here defined as the part of the head that is limited by the hairline, by the front attachment of the ear and by the lower jaw, both the rear edge and the lower horizontal part of the jaw. The face also includes the oral and nasal cavity, the sinuses, the orbital cavity and the temporomandibular joint. Pain in the facial region can be classified in multiple ways, for example according to underlying pathology (malignant vs. non-malignant), the temporal course (acute vs. chronic), underlying pathophysiology (neuropathic, inflammatory or idiopathic), localisation (superficial vs. deep), the specific structure involved (the sinus joint, skin etc), and underlying etiology (infection, tumour etc). In some instances, the diagnosis of facial pain focuses on the involved structure, for example temporomandibular joint disorder, in other cases it is the underlying pathology (sinusitis), and in others it is the specific character of the pain that will dictate the diagnosis (e.g. trigeminal neuralgia).

A history of carious dentition in association with a gnawing, intolerable pain in the jaw or infraorbital region is seen in patients with gingival or dental abscesses [1]. Pressurelike pain or aching in the area of the frontal sinuses, supraorbital ridge, or infraorbital area in association with fever, nasal congestion, postnasal discharge, or a recent upper respiratory tract infection suggests acute or chronic sinusitis. Redness, swelling, and pain around the eye are suggestive of periorbital cellulitis. The rapid onset of parotid or submandibular area swelling and pain, often occurring in association with meals, is characteristic of obstruction of the salivary duct as a result of stone. Trigeminal neuralgia produces excruciating, lancinating facial pain that occurs in unexpected paroxysms, is initiated by the tactile stimulation of a “trigger point” or simply by chewing or smiling. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction produces pain related to chewing or jaw movement and is most commonly seen in women between the ages of 20 and 40 years; patients may have a history of recent injury to the jaw, recent dental work, or long-standing malocclusion. Facial paralysis associated with facial pain may be noted in patients with malignant parotid tumors. Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint causes sudden local pain and spasm and inability to close the mouth. Acute dystonic reactions to the phenothiazines and antipsychotic medications may closely simulate a number of otherwise perplexing facial and ocular presentations and must be considered. Acute suppurative parotitis usually occurs in the elderly or chronically debilitated patient and causes the rapid onset of fever, chills, and parotid swelling and pain, often involving the entire lateral face.

INJURIES

Facial injuries are among the most common emergencies seen in an acute care setting [6]. They range from simple soft tissue lacerations to complex facial fractures with associated significant craniomaxillofacial injuries and soft tissue loss. The management of these injuries generally follows standard surgical management priorities but is rendered more complex by the nature of the numerous areas of overlap in management areas, such as airway, neurologic, ophthalmologic, and dental. Also, the significant psychological nature of injuries affecting the face and the resultant aftermath of scarring can have devastating and long-lasting consequences. Despite the fact that these injuries are exceedingly common, they are cared for by a large group of different specialists and as such have a remarkably heterogeneous presentation and diverse treatment schema. Nonetheless, guiding principles in the care of these injuries will provide the basis for the best possible outcomes. The following questions will guide general management and provide a framework for understanding the principles in the acute care of patients with facial injuries and trauma.

Despite the extremely common presentation of such injuries, there remains little standardization on repairing and then caring for the wounds or lacerations. There is great variation in the repair of lacerations as well as the different materials used to repair them. This is again because of the numerous different specialties involved in the care of the injuries and their desires to provide the best possible outcome with regard to scarring. Pediatricians, emergency department personnel, and surgeons may not all agree on the best modalities for repair. Placement as well as type of dressing are also controversial.

The timing of facial skin laceration closure is the same as that of any open wound. The presence of contaminating factors in the management of wound would generally not allow closure after six hours and would favor delayed closure. However, clinical practice is slightly more variable with facial lacerations because of the uniquely sensitive nature of facial scarring. Although we generally ascribe to experimental data regarding timing of closure, in practice the six-hour rule is often overlooked with an attempt to be vigorous in cleaning the wound. The presence of exceptionally rich blood supply in the face is also deemed of benefit in extending the six-hour rule.

TN

Facial pain, for all its rarity, can be a significant cause of morbidity when present [7]. The two types of non-odontological causes of facial pain that appear to be the most likely to be mistaken one for the other are trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and what used to be called atypical facial pain, but that is now called persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP). Confusion between causes of facial pain persists despite the fact that the diagnosis of classical TN should be rather straightforward and not present diagnostic difficulties to the trained clinician. (The term classical TN is generally restricted to TN caused by neurovascular compression.) The caveat is that secondary causes of TN need to be considered, and the cause of classical TN needs to be established for reasons that will be discussed later. A common mistake that should not be made is to treat TN medically without establishing the cause. PIFP, on the other hand, is a diagnostic problem that confronts us head on. Clearly stated guidelines are in fact ambiguous. Descriptive terms include dull, poorly defined, non-localized.

Individuals in whom attacks of pain last minutes to hours, or are persistent or chronic, waxing and waning over the course of the day, or in whom pain extends beyond one division of the trigeminal nerve, may still be mistakenly diagnosed as having trigeminal neuralgia. Such individuals may point to one side of the face as the site of their pain or may indicate that pain is bilateral. Their pain may be further atypical in lacking the usual triggers of pain such as brushing teeth or touching a trigger area. Such pain that is atypical for TN is a different kind of facial pain than classical TN. However, even in cases that are not characteristic trigeminal neuralgia, chewing, and even speaking, for example, may be triggers. Chewing and speaking activate orofacial and neck muscles, and are accompanied by small movements at the cervical–cranial junction. Nociceptive sites in these muscles may be activated by chewing or speaking. Patients with atypical facial pain are unlikely to have trigeminal neuralgia, and more likely to have what is now called persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP).

The diagnosis of classical TN is made on the basis of a characteristic history of lightning-like sharp, electrical pain that is felt in one division of the trigeminal nerve, leaving a dull after pain that lasts for a variable, usually short, period of time. There is often a trigger, but there does not need to be one. The attacks are typically infrequent at first, but become more frequent with the passage of time, and may increase in frequency to occur hundreds of times a day. Remissions occur, but relapses become more frequent with aging. There is no dullness or loss of feeling reported. Some patients tell atypical stories in which pain crosses divisions of the trigeminal nerve, or paroxysms of pain last longer than lightning attacks of pain. The neurological examination is normal in classical TN. Motor and sensory examination of the face in particular is normal in classical TN, but is useful in identifying secondary trigeminal nerve dysfunction that could lead to a diagnosis of secondary TN or trigeminal neuropathy. The same is true of the blink and other trigeminal reflex tests, as the presence or absence of an abnormal result does not affect the diagnosis of TN, but may indicate a need to examine for causes of secondary TN.

TMD

Painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the most frequent form of chronic orofacial pain, affecting an estimated 11.5 million US adults with annual incidence of 3.5%. As with several other types of chronic, musculoskeletal pain, the symptoms are not sufficiently explained by clinical findings such as injury, inflammation, or other proximate cause [8]. Moreover, studies consistently report that TMD symptoms exhibit significant statistical overlap with other chronic pain conditions, suggesting the existence of common etiologic pathways. Most studies of overlap with orofacial pain have focused on selected pain conditions, classified according to clinical criteria (eg, headaches, cervical spine dysfunction, and fibromyalgia), location of self-reported pain (eg, back, chest, stomach, and head), or the number of comorbid pain conditions. Although there is a long tradition of depicting overlap between pain conditions qualitatively using Venn diagrams, we know of few studies that have quantified the degree of overlap between TMD and pain at multiple locations throughout the body.

Overlap of pain symptoms can occur when there are common etiologic factors contributing to each of the overlapping pain conditions. One example is diabetes that contributes, etiologically, to neuropathy in the feet and retinopathy in the eye, thereby creating overlap, statistically, of diseases at opposite ends of the body. The etiologic factor most widely cited to account for overlap of pain conditions is central sensitization, defined as “amplification of neural signaling within the central nervous system (CNS) that elicits pain hypersensitivity.” The amplification means that otherwise innocuous sensations are perceived as painful (ie, allodynia) and that formerly mildly painful stimuli now evoke severe pain (ie, hyperalgesia). However, somatosensory afferent inputs into the CNS are segmentally organized, making it plausible that sensitization is not uniform throughout the neuraxis.

Regardless of pain location, overlap creates serious problems for patients, adding to the suffering and disability caused by a single pain condition, and potentially complicating diagnosis and treatment for one or all of the overlapping conditions. This has broader implications for patients with multiple chronic illnesses who have poorer health outcomes and generate significantly greater health care costs than patients with a single illness. Thus, the aim of this epidemiological study was to quantify the degree of overlap between facial pain and pain reported elsewhere in the body.

CRS

Unfortunately, little is known of the underlying mechanisms that produce pain associated with CRS (chronic rhinosinusitis), but several mechanisms that may all contribute to some degree to the manifestation of facial pain in CRS have been postulated [9]. It has been hypothesized that occlusion of the osteomeatal complex may lead to gas resorption of the sinuses with painful negative pressures, yet most subjects with CRS have an open osteomeatal complex. Patients’ observations that pain and pressure is postural may reflect painful dilatation of vessels; however, postural pain is also observed in subjects with simply tension type headache. Local inflammatory mediators can excite nerves locally within the sinonasal mucosa directly illiciting pain. For example, maxillary rhinosinusitis can cause dental pain through the stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. In addition, local tissue destruction and inflammatory mediators may influence the central mechanism of pain via immune-to-brain communication through afferent autonomic neuronal transmission, transport across the blood brain barrier through the circumventricular organs and/or direct passage across the blood brain barrier.

The impact of inflammatory cytokines on the central nervous system have been associated with both pain as well as other health-related factors associated with chronic inflammation and sickness behavior such as disruption of sleep and mood. Interleukin-1[Beta] (IL-1[Beta]) and tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha]) are two key pro-inflammatory cytokines with a pivotal role in the immune-to-brain pathway of communication. They are both upregulated in subjects with CRS and are two potential pro-inflammatory cytokines that have been implicated in fatigue, sleep dysfunction, depression, and pain. Characterizing the differential cytokine profiles of CRS subtypes and identifying associated symptom profiles may be an important step in understanding why some subjects experience greater health-related burden of disease, which is an important predictor of electing surgical intervention over continued medical therapy.

EXAMINATION

Carious dentition, gingivitis, and gingival abscesses may be diagnosed by inspection of the oral cavity and face [1]. Percussion tenderness over the involved tooth, swelling and erythema of the involved side of the face, and fever may be noted in patients with deep abscesses. Percussion tenderness to palpation or pain over the frontal or maxillary sinuses with decreased transillumination of these structures suggests sinusitis. Redness, tenderness, and swelling around the eye may suggest periorbital cellulitis. Pain with eye movement or exophthalmos may suggest an orbital cellulitis or abscess. Malocclusion may be noted in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction; tenderness on palpation of the temporomandibular joint, often best demonstrated anteriorly in the external auditory canal with the mouth open, is noted as well. Patients with temporomandibular joint dislocation present with anxiety, local pain, and inability to close the mouth. Unusual ocular, lingual, pharyngeal, or neck symptoms should suggest possible acute dystonic reactions. A swollen, tender parotid gland may be seen in patients with acute parotitis, in parotid duct obstruction secondary to stone or stricture, and in patients with malignant parotid tumors; evidence of facial paralysis should be sought in these latter patients. Palpation of the parotid duct along the inner midwall of the cheek will occasionally reveal a nodular structure consistent with a salivary duct stone. In patients with herpes zoster, typical lesions may be noted in a characteristic dermatomal pattern along the first, second, or third division of the trigeminal nerve or in the external auditory canal. It is important to remember that patients with herpes zoster may have severe pain before the development of any cutaneous signs. This diagnosis should always be considered when vague or otherwise undefinable facial pain syndromes are described. Simple erythema may be the first cutaneous manifestation of herpetic illness. Patients with trigeminal neuralgia have an essentially normal examination.

VENTILATION

In patients with inspiratory effort but without adequate ventilation, mechanical obstruction of the upper airway should be suspected and must be quickly reversed [3]. The pharynx and upper airway must be immediately examined and any foreign material removed either manually or by suction. Such material may include blood, other secretions, dental fragments, and foreign body or gastric contents, and a rigid suction device or forceps is most effective for its removal. Obstruction of the airway related to massive swelling, hematoma, or gross distortion of the anatomy should be noted as well, because a surgical procedure may then be required to establish an airway. In addition, airway obstruction related to posterior movement of the tongue is extremely common in lethargic or obtunded patients and is again easily reversible. In this setting, insertion of an oral or a nasopharyngeal airway, simple manual chin elevation, or the so-called jaw thrust, singly or in combination, may result in complete opening of the airway and may obviate the need for more aggressive means of upper airway management. Chin elevation and jaw thrust simply involve the manual upward or anterior displacement of the mandible in such a way that airway patency is enhanced. Not uncommonly, insertion of the oral airway or laryngeal mask airway may cause vomiting or gagging in semialert patients; when noted, the oral airway should be  removed and chin elevation, the jaw thrust, or the placement of a nasopharyngeal airway undertaken. If unsuccessful, patients with inadequate oxygenation require rapid sequence oral, or nasotracheal, intubation immediately.

If an airway has not been obtained by one of these techniques, Ambu-bag–assisted ventilation using 100% oxygen should proceed while cricothyrotomy, by needle or incision, is undertaken rapidly. In children younger than 12 years, surgical cricothyrotomy is relatively contraindicated and needle cricothyrotomy (using a 14-gauge needle placed through the cricothyroid membrane), followed by positive pressure insufflation, is indicated. During the procedure, or should the procedure be unsuccessful, Ambu-bag–assisted ventilation with 100% oxygen and an oral or a nasal airway may provide adequate oxygenation.

In addition, rapidly correctable medical disorders that may cause central nervous system and respiratory depression must be immediately considered in all patients and may, in fact, have precipitated the injury by interfering with consciousness. In all patients with abnormalities of mental status, but particularly in those with ventilatory insufficiency requiring emergent intervention, blood should immediately be obtained for glucose and toxic screening, and the physician should then prophylactically treat hypoglycemia with 50 mL of 50% D/W, opiate overdose with naloxone (0.4–2.0 mg), and Wernicke encephalopathy with thiamine (100 mg). All medications should be administered sequentially and rapidly by intravenous injection and any improvement in mental status or respiratory function carefully noted. Should sufficient improvement occur, other more aggressive means of airway management might be unnecessary.

CONCLUSION

Facial pain can be painful and frightening. Facial pain can be caused by a cold, sinusitis, muscle tension in the jaw or neck, dental problems, nerve irritation or trauma. One of the most common causes is sinusitis, but another common cause is jaw dysfunction which often occurs after trauma and can lead to jaw injury or meniscus irritation. In the case of major trauma, fractures of the jawbone or fractures of the face may also occur.

For more article submissions: https://jmedcasereportsimages.org/submit-manuscript/

For more case reports click on https://jmedcasereportsimages.org/about-us/

[literaturepublisher]

First Online Case Reports Journals Healthcare Practitioners

Due to the variety of fresh research and concepts they convey, case reports are an important source of knowledge for healthcare practitioners. Case reports are published in a variety of formats, including books, journals, and internet publications.

Case Reports Journal are used in many different contexts and for many different goals. Case studies, for instance, can be used for research, education, and a lot more

Authors are urged to use the online manuscript submission tool to submit their work:

https://www.literaturepublishers.org/submit.html

Journal may also send submissions to editor.cicrj@literaturepublishers.org through email. Call +447588268983 for more details about Case Reports

 Journal

[cryptiduni]

“white mourning.”

[djsangos]

//went to the dr and all they did was take my fucking blood... again

[emgoesmed]

5/3/2023

I’m studying before clinic this morning at this cute cafe I found. Then I’ll go to my school’s poster session this afternoon. A solid Thursday schedule ☺️

[ijcimr]

International Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Reviews

International Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Reviews (ISSN 2771-6309) is a peer reviewed journal dedicated to publishing clinical images, Case Reports, Researches, Reviews, Mini Reviews, Short communications etc, from all sectors of science and medicine. The goal of this magazine is to disseminate information about new discoveries and treatments in science and medicine and accepts topics such as surgery, histology and cytology, oncology, dentistry, immunology, diagnostic method, clinical case, transplantation, ophthalmology, forensic science and all medicine-related fields.

International Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Reviews is open access journal, a peer reviewed journal with a large intellectual impact. Before publishing a manuscript, it goes through a rigorous editorial review procedure. The authors are encouraged to provide the manuscripts in accordance with the guidelines. The work can be submitted online using an online submission system. The manuscripts are peer-reviewed before being verified by the editors' panels. Finally, in order to preserve the highest quality of the information in this journal, only the quality contents are published.

For more details: https://ijcimr.org/ 

[v-toast]

ahh ive been so inactive lately whoops

uni work has me swamped, plus i have a couple assessments, and when i do have free time to draw i've been working on commissions

im still working on some stuff for kid icarus (magnus and pit centric hehe), and im planning on working on a LoZ au comic soon ! and sonic is always there in the back of my mind, ive been weirdly inspired to do something for it recently so we'll see

so yeah !! once im a little less overworked, ill definitely make the wait worth it :]]

[literaturepublishersjournal]

Journals Accepting Clinical Images

Clinical Images and Case Reports Journal (CICRJ) is a peer-reviewed high impact factor indexed medical journal established Internationally which provides a platform to publish Clinical Images, Medical Case Reports, Clinical Case Reports, Case Series (series of 2 to 6 cases) and Clinical Videos in Medicine. This is one of clinical images accepting journal in which authors can publish clinical images. Clinical images and case reports journal accepting clnical images for rapid and high quality image publication.

Journal Homepage: https://www.literaturepublishers.org/

[jcrmhscasereports]

Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences | ISSN: 2832-1286

The JCRMHS is an open access and a peer-reviewed journal for publishing research work in the form of Clinical Images, Case Reports, Case Studies, Researches, Technical Notes, Review Opinion, Brief Notes, Reviews etc., covering a wide range of Scientific and Medical Sciences pertaining to various fields of Clinical And Medical Sciences.

The objective of this magazine is to disseminate data about new discoveries and treatments in science and medicine. We acknowledge topics such as, Surgery, Histology and Cytology, Oncology, Dentistry, Immunology, Diagnostic Method, Clinical Case, Transplantation, Ophthalmology, Forensic Science and all medicine related fields.

JCRMHS aims to encourage Clinical and Medical Professionals, Scientists, Doctors, Professor’s academicians for the publication of latest information for reporting unique, unusual and rare cases to understand the disease process, its diagnosis and management.

Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences is an international, open access, peer reviewed, online journal, publishing high-quality articles in all specialties and related subspecialties.

The journal is exclusively dedicated to publishing Case Series, Case Reports, Clinical Images, Letters to the Editor, Research and Review Articles which enhance understanding of disease processes, its diagnosis, management and clinicopathologic correlations.

[clinionplatform]

Simplifying eCRF | GenAI eCRF Clinical Trial | Electronic Case Report (eCRF)

Electronic Case Report Forms (eCRF) 's evolution is remarkable progress in the clinical trials landscape. The transition from paper-based CRFs to eCRFs was driven by several factors, including the increasing complexity of clinical trial protocols, the need for greater efficiency in managing large volumes of trial data, and advancements in technology that supported digital solutions for data collection and management. The main objective of this shift was to obtain accuracy and speed in data collection, data validation, enhanced security, and the overall improvement of the clinical trials. As eCRFs have continued to advance, they have adapted to the evolving trial requirements and contributed to the standardization of the data collection process.

AI in Clinical Trials: Smarter eCRFs for Better Data Management

[lisalicharles]

Recognizing CRF's Importance in Clinical Research

In order to further medical knowledge, enhance patient care, and provide novel treatments and cures, clinical research is essential. The gathering and management of data, which is made possible by the use of Case Report Forms (CRFs), is essential to the success of clinical trials. We examine the role, elements, and effects of CRFs on the drug development process as we examine the importance of CRFs in clinical research.

Fundamentally, a CRF is an organized instrument for gathering and documenting information gathered throughout a clinical study. It is intended to collect comprehensive data on all study participants, including demographics, medical histories, treatment plans, and adverse events. CRFs allow researchers to precisely assess the safety and efficacy of investigational medications or therapies by methodically recording this data.

The capacity of CRFs to guarantee the precision, consistency, and completeness of data gathered during the course of a clinical trial accounts for its significance. Every CRF is painstakingly created to capture particular data points pertinent to the study protocol, guaranteeing that no crucial information is missed or left out. This careful method of gathering data is necessary to preserve the accuracy and dependability of clinical trial results.

A standard CRF has multiple fields and sections, each intended to record certain data pertinent to the research goals. These could include personal information, medical history, test results from lab work, concurrent drugs, and adverse occurrences. To aid in data entry and interpretation, CRFs frequently have predetermined response options, consistent terminology, and unambiguous instructions.

The capacity of CRFs to be tailored and adjusted to the particular needs of any clinical trial is one of its main advantages. A Phase I safety study or a Phase III efficacy trial can have its CRF customized to include the information required by the study's goals and protocol. This adaptability guarantees that researchers can collect thorough and pertinent data to successfully support their research conclusions.

More importantly, CRFs are essential for guaranteeing adherence to GCP norms and regulatory requirements. Researchers can show stakeholders and regulatory bodies that their clinical trial data is legitimate and reliable by following established protocols for data collection and recording. In order to obtain approval and licensure for new medications and therapies, compliance with regulatory criteria is crucial.

The use of electronic CRFs (eCRFs) in clinical research has improved data-gathering accuracy and efficiency even more. eCRFs simplify and lower the risk of errors in data management by enabling automatic data validation, real-time data entry, and remote monitoring. Furthermore, eCRFs speed up data analysis and decision-making by facilitating smooth coordination between sponsors, research locations, and regulatory bodies.

To summarize, CRFs are essential tools in clinical research, serving as critical components of data collection, management, and analysis. Clinical trial data integrity, completeness, and correctness are guaranteed by CRFs, which helps to produce solid evidence for the efficacy and safety of novel medications. CRFs will continue to be crucial elements of the drug development process as clinical research develops, spurring innovation and enhancing patient outcomes.

[literaturepublishers22]

Where Can I Publish Clinical Case Reports

Clinical Images and Case Reports Journal publishes clinical case reports, medical case reports, clinical case series in medicine, medical case series, journal of clinical case reports etc. We want to publish Clinical Case Reports with valuable clinical lessons. Common Clinical Case Reports that present a diagnostic, ethical or management challenge, or that highlight aspects of mechanisms of injury, pharmacology or histopathology are deemed of particular educational value. It is essential that the learning outcomes of the articles are important and novel.

Journal Homepage: https://www.literaturepublishers.org/

In addition, we encourage Clinical Case Reports of global health cases and medicine practiced in unusual settings. Global Clinical Case Reports should focus on the causes of ill health and access to healthcare services, whether economic, social or political – global health issues as they impact on individual patient’s lives. These cases require a comprehensive review of the relevant global health literature and an in depth understanding of the anthropological background of the case you present.

Authors wishing to submit a Clinical Case Reports reporting adverse drug reactions and complications, novel treatment including a new drug/ lifestyle/treatment intervention or the use of an established drug or procedure in a new situation are advised to contact the Editor in Chief with a presubmission enquiry at editor.cicrj@literaturepublishers.org prior to taking out a fellowship. We do not publish case reports that assess the efficacy or effectiveness of interventions. This includes Clinical Case Reports of patients enrolled in phase II trials.

We want to publish cases worthy of discussion, particularly around aspects of differential diagnosis, decision making, management, clinical guidelines and pathology. The advantage is that we learn from real cases

Manuscript Submission

Authors may submit their manuscripts through the journal's online submission portal: https://www.literaturepublishers.org/submit.html

(or) Send an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office E-mail Id: editor.cicrj@literaturepublishers.org

[emgoesmed]

4/10/2023

Despite 4 days off from the hospital I still feel so tired 🥲

Spent the mini vacation decorating the apartment, assembling furniture, dog sitting, and submitting a poster for my school’s poster day.

Today’s another busy day, with early morning rounds in the hospital followed by driving almost an hour to another site to take a practical exam.

Wish me luck!

[literaturepublisher23]

Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Journals Accepting Clinical and Medical Case Reports publishes clinical case reports, medical case series, medical case studies, medical case reports and clinical images for publication that fall under the scope of all clinical and medical studies. Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports mainly focuses on symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patient disease in different areas of the journal in diagnostic case report and treatment.

Journal Homepage: https://www.literaturepublishers.org/

Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports is a peer-reviewed open access high impact factor indexed Journal that publishes highly cited research work conducted as case reports in the medical field on various types of diseases, covering their respective clinical journal case reports, medical journal case report, clinical reports, medical case reports, clinical images, clinical case reports, journal of medical case reports and diagnosis issues.

Scope and Keywords: Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, Open Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, Journal of Medical Case Reports, Clinical and Medical Case Reports, Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports, Journal of Clinical Studies & Medical Case Reports, Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Studies, International Journal of Clinical and Medical Cases, Journal of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Case Reports, International Medical Case Reports Journal, Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, Case Reports - A journal for medical case reports, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Japanese Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports etc.

Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports Journal publishes only high quality articles from all over the world. Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports follows double blinded peer review process. All Editors are active and Editorial Board Members belonging to reputed institutions from abroad. They are senior faculty members, doctors, scientist and research fellows etc. Journal regularly releasing issues with good number of articles in the form of clinical images and case reports.  

[literaturepublisher10]

Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports publishes clinical case reports, medical case series, medical case studies, medical case reports and clinical images for publication that fall under the scope of all clinical and medical studies. Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports mainly focuses on symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patient disease in different areas of the journal in diagnostic case report and treatment.

Journal Homepage: https://www.literaturepublishers.org/

Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports is a peer-reviewed open access high impact factor indexed Journal that publishes highly cited research work conducted as case reports in the medical field on various types of diseases, covering their respective clinical journal case reports, medical journal case report, clinical reports, medical case reports, clinical images, clinical case reports, journal of medical case reports and diagnosis issues.

Scope and Keywords: Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, Open Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, Journal of Medical Case Reports, Clinical and Medical Case Reports, Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports, Journal of Clinical Studies & Medical Case Reports, Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Studies, International Journal of Clinical and Medical Cases, Journal of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Case Reports, International Medical Case Reports Journal, Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, Case Reports - A journal for medical case reports, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Japanese Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports etc.

Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports Journal publishes only high quality articles from all over the world. Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports follows double blinded peer review process. All Editors are active and Editorial Board Members belonging to reputed institutions from abroad. They are senior faculty members, doctors, scientist and research fellows etc. Journal regularly releasing issues with good number of articles in the form of clinical images and case reports.  

Scope of Clinical and Medical Case Reports Journal Authors can also find this journal in their scope on the basis these keywords: medical case reports journals, journal of medical case reports, clinical image, cardiology case reports, case reports cardiology, case reports in cardiology, case reports pediatrics, pediatrics case reports, ent journal, case reports hematology, hematology case reports, journal of otolaryngology head and neck surgery, orthopaedics & traumatology, case reports gastroenterology, case reports in gastroenterology, gastroenterology case report, clinical case report journal, International journal of surgery case reports, case images, dermatology case reports, case report in ophthalmology, case report ophthalmology, case reports in surgery, clinical image journal, journal of surgical case reports, ophthalmology case report, journal of clinical imaging science, literature publishers, cardiology case report journals, journal of traumatology, case reports in nephrology, case reports nephrology, nephrology case reports, clinical images in medicine, journal of pediatric surgery case reports, medical image analysis journals, journal of medical case reports impact factor, otolaryngology case reports, clinical case reports impact factor, case reports otolaryngology, surgical case reports, journal of orthopedic case reports, case reports in neurological medicine, best case report journals, journal of otology and laryngology and, clinical imaging impact factor etc.

Medical Case Report Journal scope also includes medical advancements with an aim towards special techniques that are implementing in all aspects of the human anatomy journal. The body image journal is running with a strong desire to provide knowledge on recent scientific research and advances in the field of Clinical and Medical Studies. The aim of the clinical imaging journal is to collect an article in the Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports across all clinical imaging science, medical imaging science and clinical fields, thereby integrating international medical case reports and clinical knowledge.

We feel honored to associate with and invite scientists and researchers to submit their original research/ medical case report journal/ body imaging journal/ clinical imaging journal/ clinical imaging science in International journal of clinical and medical images and case reports work for publication in literature publishers: journal of clinical and medical case studies and reports. This journal considers articles in the form of a research article, review article, short communication, opinion, Image, Case reports and commentary.

Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports covers all the areas of Medical Science Journal that includes: case reports in oncology, oncology case reports journal, case reports in cardiology, journal of cardiology case reports, international journal of surgery case reports, case reports in surgery, journal of surgery case reports, general surgery case report, surgical case reports journal, surgery case reports journal, journal of dermatological case reports, case reports in dermatology, case reports in endocrinology, case reports endocrinology, case reports in gastroenterology, gastroenterology case report journals, case reports in hematology, case reports in nephrology, orthopedic surgery case reports, journal of orthopedic case reports, case reports in pediatrics, journal of pediatric surgery case reports, case reports in microbiology, clinical microbiology case reports, case reports in genetics, case reports in toxicity, case reports in neuroscience, case reports in ophthalmology, case reports in andrology and gynecology, case reports in dentistry, case reports in odontology, case reports in otolaryngology, case reports in ENT, case report in head and neck surgery etc.

Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports encourages authors and scientists all over the world to submit their work related to various diseases, clinical trials, radiology, surgery, basic research, epidemiology, and palliative care. At a time when the research on drug delivery is taking place at a tremendous phase.

Manuscript Submission

Authors are requested to submit their manuscript by using Online Manuscript Submission Portal:

(or) also invited to submit through the Journal E-mail Id: editor.cicrj@literaturepublishers.org