#Climate change and its impact on food security

[greenthestral]

The Pursuit of Zero Hunger: Unlocking a World Without Hunger

Introduction

Hunger is a persistent global issue that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a fundamental human right to have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food, yet achieving this goal remains a challenge. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include Goal 2: Zero Hunger, which aims to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030. This article explores the significance of Goal 2, the current state of global hunger, and the steps being taken to eradicate hunger and ensure food security for all.

The Scope of Global Hunger

Hunger is a multifaceted issue that extends far beyond the simple absence of food on one's plate. It encompasses a range of factors that contribute to individuals, communities, and entire nations being deprived of regular access to sufficient and nutritious food. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the alarming statistic of more than 690 million people, approximately 8.9% of the global population, suffering from chronic hunger serves as a stark reminder of the challenges we face in achieving zero hunger.

Poverty is undoubtedly one of the primary drivers of hunger. Insufficient income and resources leave individuals and families unable to afford an adequate quantity and quality of food. Poverty often leads to a cycle of hunger and malnutrition, as individuals struggle to break free from the grip of poverty, which further perpetuates food insecurity. Breaking this cycle requires comprehensive poverty alleviation strategies that address the root causes of poverty and provide opportunities for economic empowerment.

Inadequate access to nutritious food is another critical aspect of the hunger problem. Even when food is available, it may lack the necessary nutrients for individuals to lead healthy and active lives. Malnutrition, both undernutrition and overnutrition, poses significant health risks and hinders proper physical and cognitive development. Access to a diverse range of nutritious food, including fruits, vegetables, proteins, and essential vitamins and minerals, is essential for combating malnutrition and achieving food security.

Climate change poses a formidable threat to global food security. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events disrupt agricultural systems, leading to reduced crop yields and food shortages. Small-scale farmers, who are often the most vulnerable, bear the brunt of these climate impacts. Droughts, floods, and unpredictable growing seasons further exacerbate the challenges they face in producing enough food to sustain themselves and their communities. Addressing climate change and implementing climate-resilient agricultural practices are critical components of the zero hunger agenda.

Conflict and political instability also contribute to hunger and food insecurity. In regions affected by armed conflicts or political crises, food production and distribution systems are disrupted, and access to food becomes limited. Civil unrest, displacement, and the destruction of infrastructure further compound the problem, leaving populations in desperate need of assistance. Resolving conflicts, promoting peace, and ensuring humanitarian access to affected areas are essential steps towards achieving zero hunger.

Unequal distribution of resources exacerbates hunger within and between countries. Concentration of wealth, land ownership, and access to markets and resources in the hands of a few can perpetuate a vicious cycle of food insecurity. Reducing inequality and promoting equitable distribution of resources and opportunities are crucial for creating a fair and just food system that leaves no one behind.

Addressing the complexity of hunger requires a multi-dimensional and holistic approach. It involves not only increasing food production but also improving access to nutritious food, addressing poverty, mitigating climate change, promoting peace and stability, and advocating for equitable resource distribution. Governments, international organizations, civil society, and the private sector must collaborate and work together to implement comprehensive strategies and policies that tackle the root causes of hunger.

Efforts to combat hunger must also prioritize the empowerment of marginalized and vulnerable groups, including women, indigenous communities, and rural populations. These groups often face additional barriers to accessing food and resources, and their voices and needs must be central to any hunger eradication initiatives. By empowering these groups and ensuring their active participation in decision-making processes, we can foster more inclusive and sustainable solutions.

Hunger is a complex issue intertwined with poverty, inadequate access to nutritious food, climate change, conflict, and unequal distribution of resources. Achieving zero hunger requires addressing these interconnected challenges through comprehensive strategies that encompass poverty alleviation, sustainable agriculture, nutrition education, climate resilience, peacebuilding, and equitable resource distribution. By recognizing the multifaceted nature of hunger and taking collective action, we can pave the way towards a world where every individual has access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food, and where hunger is no longer a harsh reality.

Understanding Food Insecurity

Food insecurity is a complex and multifaceted issue that extends beyond the simple concept of hunger. While hunger specifically refers to the sensation of not having enough food to eat, food insecurity encompasses a broader set of circumstances that prevent individuals, communities, and entire nations from accessing a consistent supply of nutritious food necessary for a healthy and active lifestyle.

At its core, food insecurity is characterized by a lack of regular access to sufficient and nutritious food. It encompasses both the quantity and quality of food available to individuals and communities. It means not having enough food to meet basic dietary needs and not having access to a variety of foods that are essential for a balanced and nutritious diet. Without adequate access to nutritious food, individuals and communities face numerous challenges that can have detrimental effects on their health, well-being, and overall development.

Food insecurity affects individuals, communities, and entire nations. On an individual level, it can lead to undernutrition or malnutrition, compromising physical and cognitive development, and increasing the risk of disease and mortality. Communities and nations grappling with food insecurity face significant socio-economic challenges, hindering their progress and development.

Several factors contribute to food insecurity, including income inequality, limited agricultural productivity, and unstable food systems. Income inequality is a critical driver of food insecurity, as it affects individuals' purchasing power to access food. In societies with wide income disparities, those with lower incomes often struggle to afford an adequate and nutritious diet, leading to food insecurity. Addressing income inequality is essential to reduce food insecurity and ensure equal access to food for all.

Limited agricultural productivity is another key factor contributing to food insecurity. Insufficient agricultural production, whether due to environmental factors, inadequate access to resources, or outdated farming practices, can result in insufficient food supply. This directly affects food availability and affordability, particularly in regions heavily dependent on agriculture for sustenance. Enhancing agricultural productivity through sustainable farming practices, technology adoption, and investments in rural infrastructure is crucial to achieving food security.

Unstable food systems, including volatile food prices, inadequate storage facilities, and unreliable supply chains, also contribute to food insecurity. Fluctuations in food prices can make nutritious food unaffordable for vulnerable populations, pushing them further into food insecurity. Weak supply chains and insufficient infrastructure can lead to food losses and wastage, exacerbating the problem. Strengthening food systems and improving their resilience is vital for reducing food insecurity.

Achieving zero hunger requires addressing these underlying issues comprehensively. It necessitates a multi-faceted approach that encompasses not only increasing food production but also improving access to nutritious food, promoting income equality, and building sustainable and resilient food systems.

To address income inequality and improve access to food, efforts should focus on creating employment opportunities, implementing social protection programs, and promoting inclusive economic growth. Policies and initiatives that aim to reduce poverty, increase access to education, and empower marginalized communities can significantly contribute to reducing food insecurity.

Investments in agricultural research and development, modern farming techniques, and sustainable farming practices can enhance agricultural productivity and ensure a stable food supply. Support for small-scale farmers, including access to credit, technology, and markets, is crucial for their productivity and income generation, ultimately contributing to food security.

Strengthening food systems involves improving infrastructure, storage facilities, and transportation networks to reduce post-harvest losses and ensure efficient distribution of food. It also requires promoting market transparency, fair trade practices, and reducing food waste along the supply chain. International cooperation and partnerships are vital to sharing knowledge, resources, and best practices to build resilient and sustainable food systems globally.

Education and awareness play a critical role in addressing food insecurity. Nutrition education programs can empower individuals and communities to make informed choices about their diets, promote healthy eating habits, and maximize the nutritional value of available resources. Education on sustainable agricultural practices can also promote environmentally friendly farming methods, improve resource management, and enhance long-term food security.

Achieving zero hunger requires collaborative efforts and strong governance at various levels. Governments, civil society organizations, international institutions, and the private sector must work together to develop and implement comprehensive policies, programs, and initiatives that address the underlying causes of food insecurity. International cooperation and partnerships are vital for sharing knowledge, expertise, and resources to build a sustainable and inclusive global food system.

Food insecurity is a complex issue that encompasses more than just hunger. It refers to the lack of regular access to sufficient, nutritious food necessary for a healthy and active life. Factors such as income inequality, limited agricultural productivity, and unstable food systems contribute to food insecurity. Achieving zero hunger requires addressing these underlying issues through a comprehensive approach that includes promoting income equality, improving agricultural productivity, strengthening food systems, and raising awareness through education and collaboration. Only through concerted efforts can we create a world where everyone has access to adequate and nutritious food, thereby achieving the goal of zero hunger.

Tackling Hunger through Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable agriculture serves as a critical pillar in the global effort to combat hunger and achieve food security. It focuses on promoting farming practices that not only increase food production but also ensure the long-term preservation of natural resources and the environment. By adopting sustainable agricultural techniques, we can address the challenges of food security while mitigating the negative impacts of agriculture on ecosystems and climate change.

Investing in research and innovation is essential for advancing sustainable agriculture. By developing and disseminating improved crop varieties and farming methods, we can enhance productivity and resilience in agricultural systems. This includes investing in agricultural research to create crops that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and adverse weather conditions. Furthermore, innovation in farming techniques, such as precision agriculture and vertical farming, can optimize resource use and maximize yields.

Crop diversity is a fundamental aspect of sustainable agriculture. By promoting a variety of crops, farmers can reduce the risks associated with relying on a single crop. Diversification enhances resilience to pests, diseases, and climate variability. It also contributes to a more balanced and nutritious diet, as diverse crops provide a broader range of essential nutrients. Encouraging farmers to grow a variety of crops through training, access to seeds, and market incentives can enhance both their livelihoods and the overall food security of a region.

Efficient irrigation techniques are crucial in sustainable agriculture, particularly in regions facing water scarcity. Practices such as drip irrigation and precision water management minimize water waste and ensure that water resources are used optimally. By improving irrigation infrastructure and promoting water-saving practices, we can maximize agricultural productivity while conserving water for other essential needs.

Empowering small-scale farmers is vital for achieving sustainable agriculture and food security. Smallholder farmers constitute a significant portion of the world's food producers, particularly in developing countries. Enhancing their access to resources, including land, credit, seeds, and technology, can significantly improve their productivity and livelihoods. Supporting farmers' cooperatives, providing training on sustainable practices, and facilitating access to markets can help small-scale farmers overcome barriers and strengthen their position in the agricultural value chain.

Improving access to markets and financial resources is crucial for small-scale farmers. Limited market access often hinders their ability to sell their produce at fair prices and take advantage of economic opportunities. By improving infrastructure, connecting farmers to markets, and promoting fair trade practices, we can ensure that farmers receive equitable returns for their products. Additionally, providing financial services tailored to the needs of farmers, such as microcredit and crop insurance, can enhance their resilience and enable investment in sustainable agricultural practices.

Sustainable agriculture also embraces practices that minimize the use of harmful agrochemicals and promote organic farming methods. By reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, sustainable agriculture protects soil health, biodiversity, and water quality. Organic farming practices prioritize natural inputs, such as compost, crop rotation, and biological pest control, to maintain soil fertility and minimize environmental impacts. Encouraging the adoption of organic farming practices through training, certification programs, and market incentives can contribute to sustainable agricultural systems.

Sustainable agriculture plays a crucial role in combating hunger and achieving food security. By promoting environmentally friendly farming practices, investing in research and innovation, encouraging crop diversity, adopting efficient irrigation techniques, empowering small-scale farmers, and improving market access, we can increase food production while preserving natural resources for future generations. Sustainable agriculture not only addresses the immediate challenge of hunger but also contributes to building resilient and sustainable food systems that can sustainably nourish the world's population.

Nutrition: Beyond Calorie Intake

Ensuring access to nutritious food is a fundamental component of achieving the goal of zero hunger. While addressing calorie intake is important, it is equally crucial to emphasize the quality and diversity of food consumed. Malnutrition, which encompasses both undernutrition and overnutrition, remains a significant global concern. To tackle this issue effectively, efforts must focus on promoting balanced diets, improving access to essential nutrients, and educating communities about healthy eating habits.

One of the key aspects of addressing malnutrition is promoting balanced diets. A balanced diet includes a variety of foods from different food groups, providing essential nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals. It is essential to ensure that individuals have access to a diverse range of foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy products. Promoting dietary diversity can help prevent nutrient deficiencies and promote overall health and well-being.

Improving access to essential nutrients is another critical element of addressing malnutrition. This includes enhancing the availability and affordability of nutrient-rich foods, particularly for vulnerable populations. It involves strategies such as promoting local food production, supporting small-scale farmers, and strengthening food supply chains. By ensuring that nutritious foods are accessible and affordable, individuals and communities can have a greater opportunity to meet their nutritional needs.

Education and awareness play a vital role in promoting healthy eating habits and preventing malnutrition. Nutrition education programs can provide information on the importance of balanced diets, the benefits of consuming different food groups, and the risks associated with poor nutrition. These programs can also teach practical skills, such as meal planning, food preparation, and cooking techniques, to empower individuals to make healthier food choices. By promoting nutrition education at schools, healthcare facilities, and community centers, we can foster a culture of healthy eating and long-term behavior change.

Collaboration among governments, NGOs, and the private sector is crucial for implementing effective interventions and policies to address malnutrition. Governments should prioritize nutrition in their national agendas and develop comprehensive strategies that encompass food security, health, and education. They can implement policies that support sustainable agriculture, regulate food labeling and advertising, and provide incentives for the production and consumption of nutritious foods. NGOs and the private sector can contribute by partnering with communities, implementing nutrition programs, and promoting corporate social responsibility initiatives that address malnutrition.

Efforts should also focus on addressing specific nutritional needs in different population groups. For instance, targeting maternal and child nutrition is essential for breaking the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Providing adequate nutrition during pregnancy and early childhood is crucial for healthy growth and development. Additionally, addressing micronutrient deficiencies, such as iron, vitamin A, and iodine, is vital in reducing the prevalence of nutrient-related disorders and improving overall health.

Furthermore, innovative approaches can be utilized to improve access to nutritious food. For example, initiatives such as school feeding programs, community gardens, and urban farming can increase the availability of fresh and locally sourced produce. These approaches not only provide nutritious food but also promote community engagement, sustainability, and economic empowerment.

Ensuring access to nutritious food is a key aspect of achieving zero hunger. Efforts should go beyond addressing calorie intake alone and focus on the quality and diversity of food consumed. By promoting balanced diets, improving access to essential nutrients, and educating communities about healthy eating habits, we can effectively address malnutrition. Collaboration among governments, NGOs, and the private sector is crucial for implementing effective interventions and policies. By prioritizing nutrition and implementing comprehensive strategies, we can pave the way for a healthier and more food-secure future for all.

Building Resilience and Adaptation

Climate change presents a formidable challenge to global food security. As temperatures rise, extreme weather events become more frequent, and precipitation patterns shift, the agricultural sector faces disruptions that exacerbate hunger and threaten the livelihoods of millions of people. To address these challenges, it is crucial to build resilience and implement adaptation strategies that can mitigate the impact of climate change on food systems.

One of the key approaches to combat the effects of climate change on food security is through the development and implementation of climate-smart agriculture practices. Climate-smart agriculture encompasses a range of techniques and methods that aim to increase agricultural productivity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing the resilience of farming systems, and promoting sustainable land and water management. These practices include conservation agriculture, agroforestry, precision farming, and integrated pest management. By adopting climate-smart agriculture, farmers can better cope with the changing climatic conditions and maintain or increase their agricultural productivity.

Investing in the development and dissemination of climate-resistant crop varieties is another essential strategy. Plant breeding programs can focus on developing crop varieties that are more tolerant to heat, drought, flooding, and pests. These climate-resistant varieties have the potential to withstand extreme weather events and produce higher yields under challenging conditions. Additionally, promoting crop diversity and utilizing traditional and local crop varieties that are adapted to specific climate conditions can contribute to enhancing the resilience of agricultural systems.

Implementing early warning systems is crucial for anticipating and responding to weather-related risks. Timely and accurate information about weather patterns, such as rainfall, temperature, and extreme events, allows farmers to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions to protect their crops and livelihoods. Early warning systems enable farmers to adjust their planting and harvesting schedules, implement protective measures, and access support and resources in advance of potential disasters. These systems can be enhanced through the use of technology, including weather monitoring tools, satellite data, and mobile communication networks.

In addition to on-farm strategies, addressing climate change and food security requires collaborative efforts at regional, national, and international levels. Governments, international organizations, research institutions, and civil society must work together to develop and implement policies and initiatives that promote climate resilience in the agricultural sector. This includes investing in climate-smart infrastructure, improving access to climate information and resources for farmers, and supporting sustainable land and water management practices.

Promoting climate-smart agriculture also involves integrating climate change considerations into broader development strategies. This includes incorporating climate resilience and adaptation measures into national agricultural policies, land-use planning, and disaster risk reduction frameworks. It also requires supporting small-scale farmers, particularly in vulnerable regions, by providing access to financial services, agricultural inputs, and capacity-building programs that equip them with the knowledge and tools to adapt to changing climate conditions.

Furthermore, international cooperation and financial support are essential to help developing countries build resilience and adapt to climate change. Industrialized nations, as major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, should fulfill their commitments to provide financial resources and technology transfer to support climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts in developing countries. This includes funding for research and development, capacity-building programs, and infrastructure improvements that enhance climate resilience in agriculture.

Climate change poses significant challenges to food security by disrupting agricultural production and exacerbating hunger. Building resilience and implementing adaptation strategies are crucial to mitigate the impact of climate change on food systems. This involves developing and promoting climate-smart agriculture practices, investing in climate-resistant crop varieties, implementing early warning systems, and integrating climate considerations into broader development strategies. Through collaborative efforts at all levels, we can work towards ensuring a sustainable and secure food supply in the face of a changing climate.

Promoting Gender Equality

Achieving zero hunger is intricately linked to addressing gender inequality, as women play a pivotal role in agriculture and food production worldwide. However, they often face significant barriers that limit their access to resources, land, credit, and decision-making power. Empowering women and promoting gender equality in agriculture and food systems is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity, improving food security, and ultimately achieving the goal of zero hunger.

Women make up a substantial portion of the agricultural labor force, particularly in developing countries. They are involved in various stages of food production, from planting and harvesting to processing and marketing. Despite their significant contributions, women face systemic challenges that hinder their productivity and restrict their ability to access resources. Gender norms and discriminatory practices often result in unequal access to land ownership, credit facilities, agricultural inputs, and extension services. This inequality not only undermines women's economic empowerment but also hampers overall agricultural productivity and food production.

Empowering women in agriculture involves dismantling the barriers that hinder their full participation and addressing gender-based inequalities. Providing women with secure land rights and access to productive resources is a crucial step towards ensuring their equal participation. This can be achieved through legal reforms, awareness campaigns, and support for women's land rights organizations. By enabling women to have control over land and other productive assets, they gain the autonomy and resources necessary to make decisions about agricultural practices and investments.

Access to credit is another critical factor in empowering women in agriculture. Financial institutions and development programs should prioritize providing women with access to affordable credit and financial services. By ensuring equal access to credit facilities, women can invest in agricultural inputs, machinery, and technology, thereby enhancing their productivity and contributing to food security. Moreover, targeted financial literacy programs can equip women with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively manage their finances and make informed decisions regarding agricultural investments.

Gender-responsive extension services and training programs play a vital role in empowering women farmers. These programs should address the specific needs and priorities of women, providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills to adopt sustainable farming practices, improve crop productivity, and manage post-harvest activities. Furthermore, mentorship programs and networking opportunities can facilitate the exchange of experiences and knowledge-sharing among women farmers, enabling them to learn from each other and strengthen their capacities.

Promoting women's participation in decision-making processes is essential for achieving gender equality in agriculture and food systems. Women's voices and perspectives need to be heard and considered in the development and implementation of policies, programs, and initiatives related to agriculture and food security. This requires creating inclusive spaces for women to engage in decision-making at all levels, from local communities to national and international platforms. Strengthening women's leadership and representation in farmer organizations, cooperatives, and agricultural institutions can contribute to more equitable and effective decision-making processes.

Recognizing and valuing the unpaid care and domestic work performed by women is also crucial for achieving gender equality in agriculture. The burden of household chores and caregiving responsibilities often falls disproportionately on women, limiting their time and energy for productive activities. Investing in infrastructure, such as water and sanitation facilities, energy sources, and transportation, can alleviate the burden of unpaid care work, reduce drudgery, and create opportunities for women to engage in income-generating activities.

Promoting gender equality in agriculture and food systems is not only a matter of social justice but also a strategic imperative. Studies have shown that closing the gender gap in agriculture could increase agricultural productivity and contribute to global food security. When women have equal access to resources and decision-making power, they are more likely to invest in the well-being of their families, improve farming practices, and adopt sustainable agricultural technologies. Moreover, empowering women in agriculture can have a multiplier effect, as they tend to invest a significant portion of their income in education, health, and nutrition, benefiting their households and communities.

Achieving zero hunger requires addressing gender inequality in agriculture and food systems. Empowering women, ensuring their equal access to resources, land, credit, and decision-making, is essential for enhancing agricultural productivity, improving food security, and promoting sustainable development. By promoting gender equality, we unlock the full potential of women as agents of change in the fight against hunger. Investing in women farmers and recognizing their invaluable contributions can pave the way for a more equitable and food-secure future for all.

Collaboration and Partnerships

The journey towards achieving zero hunger is a complex and multifaceted task that requires collaboration and partnerships among various stakeholders. No single entity can tackle this challenge alone. Governments, international organizations, civil society, and the private sector must come together, pooling their resources, sharing knowledge, and coordinating efforts to implement effective policies, programs, and initiatives that address the underlying causes of hunger and achieve sustainable development.

Governments play a central role in driving the efforts to eradicate hunger. They have the responsibility to establish and implement national policies and strategies that prioritize food security and nutrition. This includes allocating sufficient resources, developing sustainable agricultural practices, investing in rural infrastructure, and ensuring access to social protection programs for vulnerable populations. Governments should also create an enabling environment that encourages private sector investments in agriculture and promotes the engagement of civil society organizations in hunger alleviation initiatives.

International organizations, such as the United Nations agencies, the World Bank, and regional development banks, have a crucial role in coordinating global efforts to combat hunger. These organizations provide technical expertise, policy guidance, and financial support to countries in their efforts to achieve food security and nutrition goals. They facilitate knowledge exchange, promote best practices, and coordinate international partnerships for sustainable development. Additionally, they monitor progress, assess the impact of interventions, and advocate for policy changes at the global level to address systemic issues related to hunger.

Civil society organizations, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations, and grassroots movements, are instrumental in mobilizing communities, raising awareness, and implementing on-the-ground interventions to address hunger. They work closely with local communities, advocating for their rights and empowering them to actively participate in decision-making processes related to food security and nutrition. Civil society organizations also play a crucial role in monitoring and holding governments accountable for their commitments to achieving zero hunger.

The private sector has a significant role to play in advancing the goal of zero hunger. Companies involved in agriculture, food processing, and distribution can contribute through sustainable business practices, innovation, and investment in agricultural value chains. Public-private partnerships can be formed to leverage the expertise, technology, and resources of the private sector in addressing the challenges of food security and nutrition. Engaging the private sector can lead to increased productivity, improved market access for smallholder farmers, and the development of innovative solutions to reduce post-harvest losses and improve food distribution systems.

Collaboration and partnerships among these stakeholders are crucial for maximizing the impact of interventions and addressing the root causes of hunger. By pooling resources and expertise, stakeholders can achieve greater efficiency, avoid duplication of efforts, and scale up successful initiatives. Collaboration also allows for the sharing of knowledge and best practices, facilitating innovation and learning from each other's experiences. Through coordinated efforts, stakeholders can identify gaps, develop comprehensive strategies, and implement integrated approaches that address the complex and interconnected challenges of hunger.

Multi-stakeholder partnerships should be based on principles of inclusivity, transparency, and accountability. All stakeholders, including marginalized groups, small-scale farmers, women, and youth, should have a seat at the table and actively participate in decision-making processes. Partnerships should prioritize the needs and priorities of those most affected by hunger and ensure that interventions are context-specific and culturally appropriate.

Achieving zero hunger requires collaboration and partnerships among governments, international organizations, civil society, and the private sector. By working together, stakeholders can pool their resources, share knowledge, and coordinate efforts to implement effective policies, programs, and initiatives that address the underlying causes of hunger and achieve sustainable development. With collective action and a shared commitment, we can create a world where everyone has access to sufficient, nutritious food and no one goes to bed hungry.

Conclusion

Goal 2: Zero Hunger stands as a testament to our collective commitment to eradicating hunger and achieving food security for all. While the challenges are immense, significant progress has been made in recent years. However, there is still a long way to go. By addressing the root causes of hunger, promoting sustainable agriculture, improving nutrition, building resilience, empowering women, and fostering collaboration, we can unlock a future where hunger is nothing but a distant memory. The pursuit of zero hunger is not just a noble aspiration; it is a moral imperative that demands our unwavering dedication and concerted action. Together, we can create a world where no one goes to bed hungry, where food becomes a basic right rather than a luxury, and where the potential of every individual is unleashed.

[directactionforhope]

"Starting this month [June 2024], thousands of young people will begin doing climate-related work around the West as part of a new service-based federal jobs program, the American Climate Corps, or ACC. The jobs they do will vary, from wildland firefighters and “lawn busters” to urban farm fellows and traditional ecological knowledge stewards. Some will work on food security or energy conservation in cities, while others will tackle invasive species and stream restoration on public land. 

The Climate Corps was modeled on Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Civilian Conservation Corps, with the goal of eventually creating tens of thousands of jobs while simultaneously addressing the impacts of climate change. 

Applications were released on Earth Day, and Maggie Thomas, President Joe Biden’s special assistant on climate, told High Country News that the program’s website has already had hundreds of thousands of views. Since its launch, nearly 250 jobs across the West have been posted, accounting for more than half of all the listed ACC positions. 

“Obviously, the West is facing tremendous impacts of climate change,” Thomas said. “It’s changing faster than many other parts of the country. If you look at wildfire, if you look at extreme heat, there are so many impacts. I think that there’s a huge role for the American Climate Corps to be tackling those crises.”  

Most of the current positions are staffed through state or nonprofit entities, such as the Montana Conservation Corps or Great Basin Institute, many of which work in partnership with federal agencies that manage public lands across the West. In New Mexico, for example, members of Conservation Legacy’s Ecological Monitoring Crew will help the Bureau of Land Management collect soil and vegetation data. In Oregon, young people will join the U.S. Department of Agriculture, working in firefighting, fuel reduction and timber management in national forests. 

New jobs are being added regularly. Deadlines for summer positions have largely passed, but new postings for hundreds more positions are due later this year or on a rolling basis, such as the Working Lands Program, which is focused on “climate-smart agriculture.”  ...

On the ACC website, applicants can sort jobs by state, work environment and focus area, such as “Indigenous knowledge reclamation” or “food waste reduction.” Job descriptions include an hourly pay equivalent — some corps jobs pay weekly or term-based stipends instead of an hourly wage — and benefits. The site is fairly user-friendly, in part owing to suggestions made by the young people who participated in the ACC listening sessions earlier this year...

The sessions helped determine other priorities as well, Thomas said, including creating good-paying jobs that could lead to long-term careers, as well as alignment with the president’s Justice40 initiative, which mandates that at least 40% of federal climate funds must go to marginalized communities that are disproportionately impacted by climate change and pollution. 

High Country News found that 30% of jobs listed across the West have explicit justice and equity language, from affordable housing in low-income communities to Indigenous knowledge and cultural reclamation for Native youth...

While the administration aims for all positions to pay at least $15 an hour, the lowest-paid position in the West is currently listed at $11 an hour. Benefits also vary widely, though most include an education benefit, and, in some cases, health care, child care and housing. 

All corps members will have access to pre-apprenticeship curriculum through the North America’s Building Trades Union. Matthew Mayers, director of the Green Workers Alliance, called this an important step for young people who want to pursue union jobs in renewable energy. Some members will also be eligible for the federal pathways program, which was recently expanded to increase opportunities for permanent positions in the federal government...

 “To think that there will be young people in every community across the country working on climate solutions and really being equipped with the tools they need to succeed in the workforce of the future,” Thomas said, “to me, that is going to be an incredible thing to see.”"

-via High Country News, June 6, 2024

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Note: You can browse Climate Corps job postings here, on the Climate Corps website. There are currently 314 jobs posted at time of writing!

Also, it says the goal is to pay at least $15 an hour for all jobs (not 100% meeting that goal rn), but lots of postings pay higher than that, including some over $20/hour!!

[good-old-gossip]

Israeli Environmental Terrorism in Gaza!!!

Israel’s war on Gaza has created an unprecedented environmental crisis in the enclave destroying sanitation systems, leaving tonnes of debris from explosive devices and causing major pollution, the United Nations said on Tuesday in a new report on the environmental impact of the war.

The report found that explosive weapons used in the war have generated around 39 million tonnes of debris, with every square metre of Gaza littered with more than 107kg of debris on average.

It also found that water, sanitation and hygiene systems in Gaza are almost entirely defunct, with the strip’s five wastewater treatment plants shut down. “All of this is deeply harming people’s health, food security and Gaza’s resilience,” said UN Environmental Programme (Unep) Executive Director Inger Andersen.

Israel’s war is exacerbating an already deteriorating environment in Gaza, where over 92 percent of water was deemed unfit for human consumption in 2020. Israel has also targeted the small environmental gains Gaza had made in its attacks on the area’s solar panels. Gaza had one of the highest densities of rooftop solar panels in the world, but Israeli forces have destroyed a large swathe of its solar infrastructure.

“It is my opinion that large areas of Gaza will not be recovered to a safe state within a generation, even with limitless finance and will,” Eoghan Darbyshire, a senior researcher at the UK-based nonprofit Conflict and Environment Observatory, told Reuters.

The UN report came as a result of a request from the Palestinian Environment Quality Authority in December, in which it called on Unep to look into environmental damages in Gaza. Climate change and Israel’s attacks on environmental infrastructure have long plagued Gaza and other parts of occupied Palestine.

https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-conflict-has-caused-major-environmental-damage-un-says-2024-06-18/

[collapsedsquid]

The other is the environment. Despite their bucolic image, Britain’s farms now emit more greenhouse gases than its power stations. They cause more river pollution than the country’s hated sewage companies. Batters was a progressive voice on climate change, but she has backtracked. She wants politicians to focus on producing more food, even though the UK’s agricultural sector hasn’t reduced emissions in the past decade and is now dealing with climate havoc. In the 18 months to March, England saw the most rain since records began in 1836. Partly as a result, farmers’ business confidence was the worst since the NFU started surveying it in 2010. “It’s just been horrendous, hasn’t it?” she says. [...] Johnson dropped a trade deal with the US, which would have allowed imports of hormone-injected beef into Britain, but signed deals with Australia and New Zealand with few safeguards for British farmers. His free-trading successor, Liz Truss, was “awful”. Didn’t she care about the sector? “She cared about Liz.” But Batters is positive about Rishi Sunak, who has shifted from green goals to talk of food security. Critics say the prime minister confuses food security with national self-sufficiency: relying on any one region for our food might make us less secure, given the impact of extreme weather. Anyway, his plans to grow more fruit and vegetables in Britain are hampered by his own migration policy. “In 2020 the Home Office, with Priti Patel, was saying you can have 10,000 seasonal workers. We were saying that wipes out the sector: the sector needs a minimum of 70,000. You’re not going to be producing any asparagus, strawberries, raspberries.” [...]

“My daughter’s doing a nursing degree. She works in a care home in the holidays. She’s the only British worker. This is in south Wiltshire. That’s bonkers.” Batters wants young people to be obliged to do a form of national service, potentially in agriculture.

[...] But farming is just 0.6 per cent of UK GDP. Doesn’t it already get more political attention than bigger sectors, such as gaming or the arts? Farming “underpins pretty much all of the rural economy”, says Batters. “That GDP figure is totally fraudulent.”

being driven insane by this interview

[falseandrealultravival]

Dialogue with Gemini (9) "Retire forests and return to farming." policy in China

©中央社

My Question

China's Xi Jinping leadership is pursuing an agricultural policy called "retire forests and return to farming." It seems like a very unreasonable policy, but won't it be a repeat of Mao Zedong's "Great Leap Forward," a disastrous policy?

中国の習近平指導部は「退林還耕」という農業政策を進めている。そうとう無理のある政策のようだが、これは大失敗した毛沢東の「大躍進」政策の二の舞にならないだろうか？

Answer by Huggingface (No satisfactory response from Gemini)

The Xi Jinping administration's "Return to Agriculture" policy encourages the conversion of forests and grasslands to farmland to ensure China's food security and increase its self-sufficiency. The policy has been criticized for potentially negatively impacting forest and grassland ecosystems and causing serious environmental damage.

On the other hand, Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward was a Chinese economic policy implemented from 1958 to 1962, aiming to develop agriculture and industry rapidly. This policy, combined with unrealistic goal setting, aggressive methods, and natural disasters, led to a large-scale famine and tens of millions of lives lost, resulting in tragic consequences.

The "Return to Agriculture" policy and the Great Leap Forward policy have in common that both have a major impact on China's agriculture and food production. However, while the Great Leap Forward policy led to disastrous consequences as a result of rushing economic development too much, the "Return to Agriculture" policy is different in that there are concerns about its negative impact on the environment.

There is debate among experts about the impact of the "Return to Agriculture" policy on the environment. Some experts warn that this policy could increase the risk of soil erosion and desertification, potentially damaging ecosystems and contributing to climate change. However, the Chinese government says it will implement the policy carefully and balance environmental protection with food security.

The Xi Jinping administration will need to learn lessons from the failure of the Great Leap Forward and avoid repeating similar mistakes. It will need to monitor the impact on the environment carefully, listen to experts' opinions, and adjust policies as necessary.

（２０２４．０７．１２）

[a-solitary-sea-rover-backup]

For World Oceans Day – well, really every day – SailGP stands united with millions around the globe in celebrating our oceans' invaluable role in sustaining life and its unparalleled beauty. As an organization whose very essence and competitive spirit are tied to the health of the world's waters, SailGP has a profound commitment to safeguarding our seas.

The ocean is our racetrack – the arena where our athletes push the limits of human and technological potential. The conditions and health of the water directly influence our events and our athletes – highlighting the symbiotic relationship between SailGP and the marine environment. 

But beyond being the most epic arena, the ocean is a critical component to life. It produces more than half of the world's oxygen, absorbs vast amounts of carbon dioxide, and is home to a diverse range of life that directly impacts human communities globally. The health of our oceans is directly linked to the health of our planet and our futures.

Climate change is an ever-present threat to coastal communities around the world. Adverse weather conditions, flooding, threats to marine wildlife, food security and ocean acidification all have a significant impact. SailGP hosts Local Impact Projects at select venues in Season 4 and has committed to focus on projects aligned to ocean health including ocean conservation and protection of coastal marine ecosystems through coastal improvement projects, and supporting blue carbon projects aligned to further improve our climate positive status. This also aligns with the recently signed High Seas Treaty to place 30% of the world’s seas into protected areas by 2030 in order to safeguard and recuperate marine nature (signed March 2023).

[penitentwordsmith]

United Nation, it seems like I have to remind you once again about the 17 goals you outlined to attain sustainable development from 2015-2030.

1.) End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

2.) End hunger, achieve food security, and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.

3.) ENSURE HEALTHY LIVES AND PROMOTE WELL-BEING FOR ALL AT ALL AGES.

4.) Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

5.) Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

6.) Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

7.) Ensure access to affordable, realiable and sustainable and modern energy for all.

8.) Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.

9.) Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.

10.) REDUCE INEQUALITY WITHIN AND AMONG COUNTRIES.

11.) MAKE CITIES AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INCLUSIVE SAFE, RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE.

12.) Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

13.) Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

14.) Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.

15.) Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

16.) PROVIDE PEACEFUL AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDE ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR ALL and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

17.) Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

So the highlighted goals were only applicable to other countries such as Ukraine but not Palestine? No, nevermind comparing countries with countries, who the fuck cares, ALL WE WANT IS FOR THOSE PEOPLE ESPECIALLY THE ELDERS AND CHILDREN TO BE SAFE AND AWAY FROM HARM, WHY THE HELL DO YOU JUST SIT THERE WHILE THOSE CHILDREN DIE FROM BOMBS SENT BY ISRAEL?

There are so many videos released online. Some of the UN members are just stupid, stupid enough to let Israel do what they want despite the evidence shown in front of them. We don't actually care about your internal conflicts, hamas, zionists, whatsoever, JUST LET THE PEOPLE BE SAFE.

LEAVE PALESTINE ALONE. NO ONE DESERVES TO BE TREATED LIKE THIS. NO ONE.

[kh2333]

Sustainable Farming Practices: A Pathway to Future Food Security

In the face of growing global challenges such as climate change, population growth, and depleting natural resources, the need for sustainable farming practices has never been more critical. Agriculture remains the backbone of many economies, but traditional farming methods often contribute to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and soil erosion. To secure the future of food production, sustainable farming offers a transformative solution that balances productivity with environmental stewardship.

1. The Importance of Soil Health

Healthy soil is the foundation of sustainable farming. Through techniques such as crop rotation, cover cropping, and reduced tillage, farmers can improve soil structure, enhance its ability to retain water, and reduce erosion. The integration of organic matter into the soil also promotes the growth of beneficial microorganisms, contributing to long-term soil fertility.

2. Water Management: Reducing Waste and Preserving Resources

Effective water management is crucial for sustainable agriculture. Traditional irrigation methods often lead to water waste, but sustainable practices like drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting, and the use of drought-resistant crops can significantly reduce water usage. Precision agriculture technologies, such as soil moisture sensors, allow farmers to optimize water application, ensuring crops receive only what they need, when they need it.

3. Biodiversity: Enhancing Ecosystem Resilience

Biodiversity plays a key role in maintaining healthy ecosystems and improving the resilience of farming systems. By incorporating diverse crops and livestock, farmers can reduce the risk of pest outbreaks and diseases. Agroforestry, which integrates trees into farming systems, enhances biodiversity while providing additional income streams, such as timber and fruit production.

4. Reducing Chemical Dependency

Sustainable farming promotes the reduction of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which can harm the environment and human health. Alternatives like integrated pest management (IPM) use biological control methods, such as beneficial insects, to manage pests. Additionally, organic farming methods focus on natural soil amendments and composting to enrich the land without harmful chemicals.

5. Renewable Energy in Agriculture

The shift to renewable energy sources is becoming an essential aspect of sustainable farming. Solar panels, wind turbines, and bioenergy can power farming operations, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Many farms are now integrating renewable energy technologies to achieve self-sufficiency while also contributing to environmental conservation.

6. The Role of Technology in Sustainable Farming

Advances in agricultural technology are playing a transformative role in sustainability efforts. Precision farming tools, such as GPS-guided tractors, drones for crop monitoring, and automated irrigation systems, help farmers optimize inputs and maximize efficiency. These innovations not only increase productivity but also minimize waste and environmental impact.

7. Promoting Local and Organic Markets

Sustainable farming goes hand in hand with the promotion of local and organic food markets. Supporting local farmers reduces the carbon footprint associated with food transportation and encourages the consumption of fresh, seasonal produce. Additionally, organic farming practices prioritize animal welfare, soil health, and chemical-free food production, contributing to a healthier food system.

Conclusion

Sustainable farming practices offer a viable solution to the challenges facing modern agriculture. By prioritizing soil health, efficient water use, biodiversity, and renewable energy, farmers can produce food in a way that safeguards the environment for future generations. The integration of technology further enhances the potential for sustainable farming to meet global food demands while reducing the ecological footprint of agriculture. The adoption of these practices is not just a necessity for the future of farming—it is a pathway to long-term food security and environmental sustainability.

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Brazil 2050: A vision for global food security

Feeding a growing world population is a significant global security concern. Geopolitical instabilities, climate change, and population growth are major challenges exacerbating global food insecurity. How can the world meet this growing demand for food while also adapting to climate change? Finding solutions will require innovation, imagination, sound investments, smart policies, and cooperation.

Only a few of the world’s breadbaskets have the potential to further meet growing global food demand. Here, Brazil is at the top of the list. Over the past half century, Brazil has established itself as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of food and ranks among the great breadbaskets of the world. Its production and exports across a wide variety of agricultural commodities, such as soybeans and corn, are critical to world trade in food and essential to the security of global food supply. Owing to its incredible natural endowment, its advanced agribusiness and research sectors, its stability within an unstable world, and its well-developed integration into global agriculture and food markets, Brazil is now and will remain a leading agricultural powerhouse and a critical partner in addressing the global food crisis.

Global population growth, changing demographics, and decarbonization efforts will shape how food is produced in the years to come, increasing the need for solutions from leading breadbaskets such as Brazil. By 2050, the world population could increase to as many as ten billion people, with higher incomes and the more protein-heavy diet often associated with them. These factors prompt rising demand for food, while a warming climate could significantly impact agricultural productivity, and geopolitical disruptions could further exacerbate global food supply chains.

Brazil is already an important and reliable breadbasket for the world. But to help create a more resilient and sustainable food system for the future, Brazil must strategically prepare its domestic capabilities to meet the projected demands of 2050—and it should do so in partnership with the private sector and the international community.

Access the document here.

[briantwomeydallas]

How Innovation Is Reshaping the Food Industry

Food innovation refers to introducing novel ideas, products, and technologies that change how society produces, processes, packages, distributes, and consumes food. It goes beyond merely creating new recipes or flavors - food innovation encompasses advances in agriculture, food science, sustainability, and packaging. The goal is to enhance efficiency, safety, nutrition, and the overall consumer experience.

The need for food innovation arises from the ever-changing demands of consumers and the pressing challenges faced by the industry. As the global population continues to grow, so does the demand for food. Additionally, sustainability concerns, climate change, and limited resources prompt exploring alternative food growing and production methods. Innovations in food aim to enhance food security, minimize environmental impact, and offer consumers healthier, more diverse options.

Food innovation occurs through a combination of research, collaboration, and creativity. Scientists, entrepreneurs, farmers, and food industry professionals work together to develop new technologies and processes. Research institutions and startups play a crucial role in conducting experiments, testing new concepts, and bringing innovative products to the market.

In recent years, the food industry has witnessed groundbreaking innovations reshaping how people interact with food. The plant-based movement has gained immense traction, with plant-based alternatives for meat, dairy, and seafood becoming mainstream. Companies have developed plant-based burgers, vegan cheeses, and sustainable seafood alternatives using cutting-edge technologies. Beyond plant-based options, innovations have also focused on alternative protein sources, such as insect-based proteins and lab-grown meats, offering sustainable and protein-rich alternatives.

Swedish startup Mycorena is boosting microbial protein production through its fungi-based mycoprotein called Promyc. This ingredient can be used to create meat and tuna alternatives, beverage additives, and dessert ingredients, offering plant-based and sustainable options for consumers.

Finnish startup Onego Bio has developed a product genetically identical to egg whites using fermentation, and without using actual chickens. It uses precision fermentation of a microflora called Trichoderma reesei to produce ovalbumin, the protein found in chicken egg whites. This technology offers a sustainable and animal-friendly alternative for various food applications, including baked goods, desserts, sauces, and dressings.

Companies like New Culture are incorporating animal-free casein into their cheeses through precision fermentation. This breakthrough allows them to produce animal-free mozzarella cheese, offering a delicious and cruelty-free alternative to traditional dairy products.

In addition, consumers increasingly seek transparency in food choices, leading to the clean label movement. Brands are responding by using simple natural ingredients and avoiding artificial additives and preservatives.

Breakthrough innovations in the food industry are revolutionizing how society grows, produces, and consumes food, focusing on sustainability, nutrition, and convenience. One such innovation is plastic-free and smart packaging. Food companies are exploring biodegradable and even edible packaging solutions in response to environmental concerns. Smart packaging using nanotechnology is also gaining popularity, allowing consumers to assess food safety and quality easily.

The Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture employs sensors and data analytics for optimizing crop conditions, irrigation, and pest control, reducing resource usage. Food waste reduction solutions, such as surplus food redistribution platforms, are being developed to combat the global food waste crisis. Moreover, biotechnology and data science advances enable personalized nutrition, tailoring dietary recommendations to individuals based on their genetic makeup, lifestyle, and health goals. These innovations promise a more sustainable, healthier, and efficient food future.

Food innovation is driving a remarkable transformation in the food industry, responding to the challenges and opportunities of today. From new plant-based products to sustainable agriculture and cutting-edge technologies, the future of food promises to be more diverse, nutritious, and sustainable. As consumers, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders continue to embrace innovation, the food industry's journey toward a more resilient and conscious future is set to continue.

[mariacallous]

If you ever had pastries at breakfast, drank soy milk, used soaps at home, or built yourself a nice flat-pack piece of furniture, you may have contributed to deforestation and climate change.

Every item has a price—but the cost isn’t felt only in our pockets. Hidden in that price is a complex chain of production, encompassing economic, social, and environmental relations that sustain livelihoods and, unfortunately, contribute to habitat destruction, deforestation, and the warming of our planet.

Approximately 4 billion hectares of forest around the world act as a carbon sink which, over the past two decades, has annually absorbed a net 7.6 billion metric tons of CO2. That’s the equivalent of 1.5 times the annual emissions of the US.

Conversely, a cleared forest becomes a carbon source. Many factors lead to forest clearing, but the root cause is economic. Farmers cut down the forest to expand their farms, support cattle grazing, harvest timber, mine minerals, and build infrastructure such as roads. Until that economic pressure goes away, the clearing may continue.

In 2024, however, we are going to see a big boost to global efforts to fight deforestation. New EU legislation will make it illegal to sell or export a range of commodities if they have been produced on deforested land. Sellers will need to identify exactly where their product originates, down to the geolocation of the plot. Penalties are harsh, including bans and fines of up to 4 percent of the offender's annual EU-wide turnover. As such, industry pushback has been strong, claiming that the costs are too high or the requirements are too onerous. Like many global frameworks, this initiative is being led by the EU, with other countries sure to follow, as the so-called Brussels Effect pressures ever more jurisdictions to adopt its methods.

The impact of these measures will only be as strong as the enforcement and, in 2024, we will see new ways of doing that digitally. At Farmerline (which I cofounded), for instance, we have been working on supply chain traceability for over a decade. We incentivize rule-following by making it beneficial.

When we digitize farmers and allow them and other stakeholders to track their products from soil to shelf, they also gain access to a suite of other products: the latest, most sustainable farming practices in their own language, access to flexible financing to fund climate-smart products such as drought-resistant seeds, solar irrigation systems and organic fertilizers, and the ability to earn more through international commodity markets.

Digitization helps build resilience and lasting wealth for the smallholders and helps save the environment. Another example is the World Economic Forum’s OneMap—an open-source privacy-preserving digital tool which helps governments use geospatial and farmer data to improve planning and decision making in agriculture and land. In India, the Data Empowerment Protection Architecture also provides a secure consent-based data-sharing framework to accelerate global financial inclusion.

In 2024 we will also see more food companies and food certification bodies leverage digital payment tools, like mobile money, to ensure farmers’ pay is not only direct and transparent, but also better if they comply with deforestation regulations.

The fight against deforestation will also be made easier by developments in hardware technology. New, lightweight drones from startups such as AirSeed can plant seeds, while further up, mini-satellites, such as those from Planet Labs, are taking millions of images per week, allowing governments and NGOs to track areas being deforested in near-real time. In Rwanda, researchers are using AI and the aerial footage captured by Planet Labs to calculate, monitor, and estimate the carbon stock of the entire country.

With these advances in software and hard-tech, in 2024, the global fight against deforestation will finally start to grow new shoots.

[probablyasocialecologist]

Edible insects are an environmentally attractive alternative to conventional livestock because they require less feed and water; they produce lower levels of greenhouse gases and can be raised in small spaces. Worldwide, livestock contributes to 18% of greenhouse gas emissions, which, in light of global warming and climate change, favours the less resource-intensive insect production which emits fewer greenhouse gases by a factor of 100.

Insects can be a renewable food source in the future as many edible species can consume agricultural and food waste or culinary by-products, but there remain important research gaps in understanding the effects of variable feedstocks as most case studies use high-grade feed. Such organic side streams could be used to reduce the environmental impact of insect farming while simultaneously creating a novel, circular waste-processing income. Throughout the world, 1/3 of all food is wasted, and household food waste is 70% of the post-farm total. If food waste was its own country, it would be the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases after the USA and China. Food waste is expected to increase in the future with a continually growing and increasingly urbanised global population adopting ‘modern’ lifestyles.

It is challenging and wasteful to commercialise traditional composting of multiple waste streams on a large scale, but waste can be fed directly to insects to convert low-value biomass into higher-value insect mass. By valorising waste as feed, it may mitigate the impact of the food industry. Some fly (Diptera) species are known to be able to convert agricultural manure into body mass and reduce the waste dry matter by 58%. For food waste the conversion is as high as 95% leaving the remainder as a high-grade soil improver .

[rabbitcruiser]

International Day of Potato

Let’s dive into a celebration about a humble hero with an extraordinary impact—the potato! Picture fields of golden potatoes, from the sun-kissed slopes of the Andes to the lush, green farmlands worldwide.

The day represents a global shout-out to the mighty spud, highlighting its role in feeding billions, supporting farmers, and boosting sustainability. 

International Day of the Potato falls on May 30 each year, a date chosen to celebrate the incredible impact of this versatile crop on the world.

This day highlights the potato’s essential role in tackling food insecurity, improving nutrition, and supporting livelihoods around the globe.

The United Nations, with the support of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), established this day to draw attention to the potato’s benefits, which range from its nutritional value to its economic, environmental, and cultural significance​​​​​​​​.

The celebration of International Day of the Potato underscores the potato’s journey from its origins in the South American Andes to becoming a staple food consumed by billions worldwide.

This day not only celebrates the potato’s nutritional and cultural value but also emphasizes its importance in providing food security and supporting economic development. With over 5,000 varieties, the potato is adaptable to various climates, making it a key crop in efforts to combat hunger and malnutrition​​​​.

The reasons behind marking this day are multi-fold. It aims to raise awareness about the potato’s role in addressing global challenges such as poverty, food scarcity, and environmental threats. The celebration brings to light the crop’s low greenhouse gas emissions, showcasing its environmental benefits.

Additionally, the day recognizes the potato’s contribution to employment and income growth, highlighting the need for further action to maximize its potential in the global fight against hunger and malnutrition.

By celebrating International Day of the Potato, we acknowledge the crop’s significance and the necessity of promoting sustainable agricultural practices to ensure its continued contribution to global food security​​​​​​.

History of Zero International Day of Potato

The story of International Potato Day is a tale of global collaboration and recognition of this vegetable with a profound impact.

On December 16, 2023, the United Nations made a historic move by unanimously adopting a resolution to declare May 30 as International Potato Day.

This decision was warmly embraced by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). It marked a significant step in acknowledging the potato’s crucial role in combating food insecurity and malnutrition worldwide​​.

The push for establishing this day was led by Peru, which is home to thousands of potato varieties, and the International Potato Center (CIP).

The resolution, stemming from an FAO Conference Resolution on July 7, 2023, was aimed at shining a spotlight on the potato’s critical contributions to global agriculture, economic development, food security, and nutrition.

The initiative builds on the momentum of the International Year of the Potato, celebrated in 2008. It highlights the need to emphasize the potato’s significant role in addressing food insecurity, poverty, and environmental threats​​​​.

This day is not just about celebrating the potato but also about raising awareness of its benefits. These range from its nutritional value to its economic and environmental advantages.

It acknowledges the potato’s adaptability, low greenhouse gas emissions, and its role in providing accessible and nutritious food. This celebration also shows the importance of diverse potato varieties and the need for continued genetic improvement to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

The journey to the first International Potato Day involved extensive lobbying and collaboration. Members of the World Potato Congress (WPC) and various countries rallied support for the proposal.

It demonstrated the potato’s value in eradicating poverty, improving food security, and providing healthy food to millions. The chosen date, May 30, aligns with the Peruvian National Potato Day, reinforcing the global significance of this crop.

How to Celebrate International Day of Potato

You can make various potato dishes to celebrate the International Day of Potato. Consider potato peel chips for a quick, crispy snack, or delve into making cheesy potato croquettes for a delicious twist on mashed potatoes.

A potato salad with celery and whole-grain mustard offers a tangy option for a side dish. Alternatively, you can choose a version with honey Dijon Greek yogurt and herbs.

If you’re looking for a main dish, consider the easiest foil packet dinner on the grill. You can also try a sheet pan salmon with roasted potatoes. For a savory breakfast or snack, a leek and potato galette can be a great choice​​.

Source

[66664]

Title: The Essentiality of Environmental Rights: Safeguarding Our Planet and Our Future In the light of rising ecological calamities and the unavoidable depletion of our planet's resources, the call for environmental rights has never been more urgent. Environmental rights cover the essential privileges and obligations that maintain the integrity of our natural world, ensuring its preservation for present and future generations. In this blog, we'll look at the functions, benefits, and serious implications of ignoring environmental rights. Functions of Environmental Rights:

Legal Protection: Environmental rights establish a legal framework for protecting ecosystems, wildlife, and natural resources. They empower individuals and communities to hold governments and companies accountable for environmental damage.

Public Participation: These rights allow residents to engage in environmental decision-making processes, ensuring that their voices are heard on issues that directly affect their communities. This participation encourages transparency, accountability, and democratic governance.

Access to Information: Environmental rights provide access to information on environmental policy, initiatives, and potential hazards. This transparency encourages educated decision-making and gives communities the ability to advocate for environmentally sustainable practices.

Environmental justice seeks to overcome differences in environmental protection and pollutant exposure. They want to make sure that everyone, regardless of color, ethnicity, or socioeconomic level, has equal access to a clean, healthy environment. Benefits of Environmental Rights for People: 1. Environmental rights protect human health by limiting exposure to pollutants and toxins. Clean air, water, and soil promote physical and mental well-being by reducing the number of respiratory diseases, waterborne illnesses, and other health risks. 2. Economic Prosperity: Long-term economic growth requires a healthy environment. Environmental rights encourage the conservation of natural resources, the preservation of biodiversity, and the development of eco-friendly companies that generate jobs and support economic growth. 3. Cultural Preservation: Indigenous and underprivileged populations frequently have strong cultural ties to their land and environment. Environmental rights contribute to the preservation of traditional knowledge, cultural legacy, and sacred sites, hence promoting diversity and resilience. 4. Climate resistance: Environmental rights play an important role in reducing climate change and raising awareness of its effects. These rights help to create a more resilient and sustainable future for everyone by encouraging clean energy, sustainable agriculture, and climate adaptation strategies. Damage Caused by Neglecting Environmental Rights: 1. Ecological Degradation: Failure to protect environmental rights causes widespread ecological degradation, such as deforestation, habitat loss, species extinction, and ecosystem collapse. This degradation disturbs nature's delicate balance, harming biodiversity and risking the planet's ability to support life. 2. Public Health Concerns: Environmental neglect causes air and water pollution, chemical contamination, and the spread of infectious diseases. These environmental health concerns disproportionately affect those with limited resources, compounding health inequities and endangering human welfare. 3. Resource Scarcity: Ignoring environmental rights depletes scarce resources like clean water, agricultural land, and fossil fuels, resulting in scarcity, competitiveness, and conflict. Resource depletion worsens poverty, food shortages, and social unrest, endangering global peace and security. 4. Climate Catastrophes: Disregard for environmental rights promotes climate change, resulting in harsh weather, rising sea levels, and ecological disruptions. These climatic calamities have a severe impact on vulnerable areas, displacing people, worsening poverty, and increasing humanitarian crises. At last, environmental rights are essential for safeguarding the health, well-being, and prosperity of current and future generations. By defending these rights, we can conserve our planet's ecosystems, promote social fairness, and lessen the terrible effects of environmental destruction. For the benefit of our world and all its inhabitants, governments, corporations, and individuals must continue to honor their duties to respect, defend, and fulfill environmental rights.

[jcmarchi]

Q&A: Claire Walsh on how J-PAL’s King Climate Action Initiative tackles the twin climate and poverty crises

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/qa-claire-walsh-on-how-j-pals-king-climate-action-initiative-tackles-the-twin-climate-and-poverty-crises/

Q&A: Claire Walsh on how J-PAL’s King Climate Action Initiative tackles the twin climate and poverty crises

The King Climate Action Initiative (K-CAI) is the flagship climate change program of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), which innovates, tests, and scales solutions at the nexus of climate change and poverty alleviation, together with policy partners worldwide.

Claire Walsh is the associate director of policy at J-PAL Global at MIT. She is also the project director of K-CAI. Here, Walsh talks about the work of K-CAI since its launch in 2020, and describes the ways its projects are making a difference. This is part of an ongoing series exploring how the MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences is addressing the climate crisis.

Q: According to the King Climate Action Initiative (K-CAI), any attempt to address poverty effectively must also simultaneously address climate change. Why is that?

A: Climate change will disproportionately harm people in poverty, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, because they tend to live in places that are more exposed to climate risk. These are nations in sub-Saharan Africa and South and Southeast Asia where low-income communities rely heavily on agriculture for their livelihoods, so extreme weather — heat, droughts, and flooding — can be devastating for people’s jobs and food security. In fact, the World Bank estimates that up to 130 million more people may be pushed into poverty by climate change by 2030.

This is unjust because these countries have historically emitted the least; their people didn’t cause the climate crisis. At the same time, they are trying to improve their economies and improve people’s welfare, so their energy demands are increasing, and they are emitting more. But they don’t have the same resources as wealthy nations for mitigation or adaptation, and many developing countries understandably don’t feel eager to put solving a problem they didn’t create at the top of their priority list. This makes finding paths forward to cutting emissions on a global scale politically challenging.

For these reasons, the problems of enhancing the well-being of people experiencing poverty, addressing inequality, and reducing pollution and greenhouse gases are inextricably linked.

Q: So how does K-CAI tackle this hybrid challenge?

A: Our initiative is pretty unique. We are a competitive, policy-based research and development fund that focuses on innovating, testing, and scaling solutions. We support researchers from MIT and other universities, and their collaborators, who are actually implementing programs, whether NGOs [nongovernmental organizations], government, or the private sector. We fund pilots of small-scale ideas in a real-world setting to determine if they hold promise, followed by larger randomized, controlled trials of promising solutions in climate change mitigation, adaptation, pollution reduction, and energy access. Our goal is to determine, through rigorous research, if these solutions are actually working — for example, in cutting emissions or protecting forests or helping vulnerable communities adapt to climate change. And finally, we offer path-to-scale grants which enable governments and NGOs to expand access to programs that have been tested and have strong evidence of impact.

We think this model is really powerful. Since we launched in 2020, we have built a portfolio of over 30 randomized evaluations and 13 scaling projects in more than 35 countries. And to date, these projects have informed the scale ups of evidence-based climate policies that have reached over 15 million people.

Q: It seems like K-CAI is advancing a kind of policy science, demanding proof of a program’s capacity to deliver results at each stage. 

A: This is one of the factors that drew me to J-PAL back in 2012. I majored in anthropology and studied abroad in Uganda. From those experiences I became very passionate about pursuing a career focused on poverty reduction. To me, it is unfair that in a world full of so much wealth and so much opportunity there exists so much extreme poverty. I wanted to dedicate my career to that, but I’m also a very detail-oriented nerd who really cares about whether a program that claims to be doing something for people is accomplishing what it claims.

It’s been really rewarding to see demand from governments and NGOs for evidence-informed policymaking grow over my 12 years at J-PAL. This policy science approach holds exciting promise to help transform public policy and climate policy in the coming decades.  

Q: Can you point to K-CAI-funded projects that meet this high bar and are now making a significant impact?

A: Several examples jump to mind. In the state of Gujarat, India, pollution regulators are trying to cut particulate matter air pollution, which is devastating to human health. The region is home to many major industries whose emissions negatively affect most of the state’s 70 million residents.

We partnered with state pollution regulators — kind of a regional EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] — to test an emissions trading scheme that is used widely in the U.S. and Europe but not in low- and middle-income countries. The government monitors pollution levels using technology installed at factories that sends data in real time, so the regulator knows exactly what their emissions look like. The regulator sets a cap on the overall level of pollution, allocates permits to pollute, and industries can trade emissions permits.

In 2019, researchers in the J-PAL network conducted the world’s first randomized, controlled trial of this emissions trading scheme and found that it cut pollution by 20 to 30 percent — a surprising reduction. It also reduced firms’ costs, on average, because the costs of compliance went down. The state government was eager to scale up the pilot, and in the past two years, two other cities, including Ahmedabad, the biggest city in the state, have adopted the concept.

We are also supporting a project in Niger, whose economy is hugely dependent on rain-fed agriculture but with climate change is experiencing rapid desertification. Researchers in the J-PAL network have been testing training farmers in a simple, inexpensive rainwater harvesting technique, where farmers dig a half-moon-shaped hole called a demi-lune right before the rainy season. This demi-lune feeds crops that are grown directly on top of it, and helps return land that resembled flat desert to arable production.

Researchers found that training farmers in this simple technology increased adoption from 4 percent to 94 percent and that demi-lunes increased agricultural output and revenue for farmers from the first year. K-CAI is funding a path-to-scale grant so local implementers can teach this technique to over 8,000 farmers and build a more cost-effective program model. If this takes hold, the team will work with local partners to scale the training to other relevant regions of the country and potentially other countries in the Sahel.

One final example that we are really proud of, because we first funded it as a pilot and now it’s in the path to scale phase: We supported a team of researchers working with partners in Bangladesh trying to reduce carbon emissions and other pollution from brick manufacturing, an industry that generates 17 percent of the country’s carbon emissions. The scale of manufacturing is so great that at some times of year, Dhaka (the capital of Bangladesh) looks like Mordor.

Workers form these bricks and stack hundreds of thousands of them, which they then fire by burning coal. A team of local researchers and collaborators from our J-PAL network found that you can reduce the amount of coal needed for the kilns by making some low-cost changes to the manufacturing process, including stacking the bricks in a way that increases airflow in the kiln and feeding the coal fires more frequently in smaller rather than larger batches.

In the randomized, controlled trial K-CAI supported, researchers found that this cut carbon and pollution emissions significantly, and now the government has invited the team to train 1,000 brick manufacturers in Dhaka in these techniques.

Q: These are all fascinating and powerful instances of implementing ideas that address a range of problems in different parts of the world. But can K-CAI go big enough and fast enough to take a real bite out of the twin poverty and climate crisis?

A: We’re not trying to find silver bullets. We are trying to build a large playbook of real solutions that work to solve specific problems in specific contexts. As you build those up in the hundreds, you have a deep bench of effective approaches to solve problems that can add up in a meaningful way. And because J-PAL works with governments and NGOs that have the capacity to take the research into action, since 2003, over 600 million people around the world have been reached by policies and programs that are informed by evidence that J-PAL-affiliated researchers produced. While global challenges seem daunting, J-PAL has shown that in 20 years we can achieve a great deal, and there is huge potential for future impact.

But unfortunately, globally, there is an underinvestment in policy innovation to combat climate change that may generate quicker, lower-cost returns at a large scale — especially in policies that determine which technologies get adopted or commercialized. For example, a lot of the huge fall in prices of renewable energy was enabled by early European government investments in solar and wind, and then continuing support for innovation in renewable energy.

That’s why I think social sciences have so much to offer in the fight against climate change and poverty; we are working where technology meets policy and where technology meets real people, which often determines their success or failure. The world should be investing in policy, economic, and social innovation just as much as it is investing in technological innovation.

Q: Do you need to be an optimist in your job?

A: I am half-optimist, half-pragmatist. I have no control over the climate change outcome for the world. And regardless of whether we can successfully avoid most of the potential damages of climate change, when I look back, I’m going to ask myself, “Did I fight or not?” The only choice I have is whether or not I fought, and I want to be a fighter.

[submalevolentgrace]

"A group of leading defence figures is urging the Albanese government to release a secret report on the national security risks of climate change even though its contents may alarm Australians.

Former Defence Force chief Admiral Chris Barrie said climate change posed a bigger risk to Australia than China’s rapid military build-up, and it was crucial to inform the public about the security implications of warmer temperatures, rising sea levels and increased natural disasters.

Potential impacts included famines caused by global warming, conflicts over access to scarce resources and the mass migration of people to Australia from vulnerable Asia-Pacific nations in the coming decades.

“We are worried about the possible collapse of societies because of starvation, a lack of fresh water and shortages of food supplies,” said Barrie, a member of the Australian Security Leaders Climate Group.

Barrie said he understood the Office of National Intelligence (ONI) had delivered a landmark report on external climate risks to the government in December but a declassified version had not been released to the public.

“I expect it might contain things that are a bit scary, but we’re adults and we are up for it,” he said. “This is about transparency and keeping people informed.”

As the government prepares to spend up to $368 billion on nuclear-powered submarines over the next three decades under the AUKUS pact, Barrie said: “I see climate change as an existential threat.

“It’s a much bigger threat to our national security than a potential fight with China or some other conflagration. Only a nuclear war could be more catastrophic.”"