#Chronophotographic Gun

[mouthsfullofsharpteeth]

Marble hornets vintagey AU where alex has a chronophotographic gun

Its the first camera and the reason why things are called “photo shoots” or “getting the shot” for pictures…

This but its the operator visibly teleporting away….

Maybe it even somehow is able to double as a real weapon, what if its how he shot his friends…

[romanceyourdemons]

guys check out this early film camera

[ID: a chronophotographic gun, which has a stock and barrel resembling a rifle’s but has a circular canister for film on top of the magazine /end ID]

[strathshepard]

Étienne-Jules Marey's chronophotographic gun was first made in 1882.[9] This instrument was capable of taking 12 consecutive frames a second, with all the frames recorded on the same picture. Using these pictures he studied horses, birds, dogs, sheep, donkeys, elephants, fish, microscopic creatures, molluscs, insects, reptiles, etc. Some call it Marey's "animated zoo". Marey also conducted the famous study about cats always landing on their feet. He conducted very similar studies with a chicken and a dog and found that they could do almost the same. [Wikipedia]

[theboxfort]

List of things that would be cool as RWBY weapons

The Chronophotographic gun

This is a fucking movie camera but it's also a gun what the fuck

[movieindustry1]

MOVIE INDUSTRY

Indian Film Industry -What Is Bollywood?

The Indian film making industry is known as Bollywood to the mainstream audience. But in reality, Bollywood is part of the Indian film industry.   Indian cinema history bollywood is the actual name of India’s Hindi film industry. The country’s film industry contains various languages. Including Tamil (Kollywood), Telugu (Tollywood) and Hindi (Bollywood).

In fact, Kollywood is the largest producer with over 260 films. Tollywood is in second place with over 250 films, followed by Bollywood in third place with over 220 films. But when it comes to global box office presence, Bollywood is at the forefront with the largest numbers concerning sales.

Where Is Bollywood?

Indian flim industry bollywood is located in The city of Mumbai. The Mumbai film industry was formerly the Bombay film industry before Bombay changed its name to Mumbai in 1995.  Mumbai is considered the birthplace and namesake of “Bollywood” in India. The city is the richest in India and also in the top 20 richest cities in the world. Top 5 Indian flims due to the high illiteracy rate and different languages, the theater was limited to only a few.  Therefore theater never transcended to a level of mass consumption by the Indian audience.  The film was easier to produce and consume in mass by the Indian audience. As a result, the film became the biggest and most popular platform in India.

The History Of The Indian Film Industry?

Raja Harishchandra is a 1913 Indian silent film that is often considered the first full-length Indian feature film.The story was about a righteous Indian King who never told a lie. This might be the film that opened the door to what is now known as Bollywood. India’s film industry started about 100 years ago.  term “Bollywood” was coined many years later. The Bollywood movie vibrant song-and-dance routines that have become popular with millions of fans worldwide are a signature element in Bollywood films. Bollywood has influenced all aspects of daily life and culture in India. The film industry is the main form of entertainment and also has a cult following.

As in Hollywood, Bollywood fashion is often imitated and shows up in general day-to-day attire, including a big influence on wedding attire. An outfit worn by an actor or actress in a hit film can immediately influence the new style of the clothing industry in India. The origins of early Indian cinema song and dance routines were started by artists in Parsi theatre. Parsi-style plays were a fusion of fantasy meets reality, including the signature song-and-dance routine that exists to this day.  India’s film industry including Bollywood has grown exponentially and major American studios such as 20th Century Fox to Disney have a presence in India’s film industry.

BOLLYWOOD IMPACT ON FLIM INDUSTRY

The French physiologist  took the first series photographs with a single instrument in 1882; once again the was the analysis of motion too rapid for perception by the . Marey invented the chronophotographic gun, a  shaped like a rifle that recorded 12 successive photographs per second, in order to study the movement of birds in flight. These images were imprinted on a rotating glass plate (later, paper roll film), and Marey subsequently attempted to project them.

Like Muybridge, however, Marey was interested in deconstructing movement rather than synthesizing it, and he did not carry his experiments much beyond the realm of high-speed, or instantaneous, series photography. Muybridge and Marey, in fact, conducted their work in the spirit of scientific inquiry; they both extended and elaborated existing technologies in order to probe and analyze events that occurred beyond the  of human perception. The new movie release who came after would return their discoveries to the realm of normal human vision and exploit them for profit.

[shihlun]

Étienne-Jules Marey

- Chronophotographic Gun, the First Invention to Capture Moving Images on the Same Plate

1882

[birbsandfroggos]

lets start september 24 off  right with a quote

“film wasent invented it was stumbled upon”

- crash course film #1 

and

“one small step for me, one giant step for kinetoscope parlors”

- by me

[fitofoto]

1882 Étienne-Jules Marey crea la Cronofotografia instrumento tipo fusil que era capaz de tomar 12 fotos por segundo, con todas las fotos grabadas en un solo cuadro. #etiennejulesmarey #etiennejules #crnofotografia #chronophotography #chronophotographie #chronophotograph #chronophotographygun #guncamera #cameragun #antique #firstcamera #firstfilm #filmschool #photoschool #filmhistory #photohistory #historyofphotography #photographyhistory #gun #parisphotography (at Paris, France) https://www.instagram.com/p/CFL6Xy7J2mr/?igshid=b2aoqqmzh9ta

[kattartsblog]

Stand user: Bianca Rosé

Stand Name: Virgin Blues

Well this took longer to make than expected, I’m not going to give too much away because she’s got major story elements in her. I may or may not have been partially inspired by black butler for her stand.

Age 15, amnesiac, Pronouns: she/her, 5’2

Towards her companions she’s kind of bratty and can easily get into scraps, but in true battles she’s serious on getting the job done, impulsive

She tries to imitate her elders and those she aspires to be and will most definitely try to subtly flirt with her crush in the most “annoying girly” ways

The most stubborn of the group and will butt heads with the boys, but not Sina. She’s an older sister figure to her.
She gets underestimated a lot due to her smallness.

Her stand is a Chronophotographic gun. It can shoot flaming spouts of blood, if a person is shot their soul creates a cinematic record of their soul. Bianca uses her own blood as bullets. Animal blood = 20% burning, other people = 50%, her blood = 100%. all though there is a catch, not only her blood is 100% but those she’s related to is also = to her. The record is formed straight from the wound, she can put it in her stand to view it. She’d need to attach the lens. Think of a bullet but it’s on fire it’s gonna get stuck in their body and burn them inside and out. The reel flies out of the person’s body and Bianca would need to catch it. If someone else caught it, the reel would disintegrate. The blood that sprays from the wound forms into the reel and if it isn’t caught in time, it disintegrates. She’d then have a time limit of 10 minutes. If she touches it, then it would be a fully tangible object. If she views an image a second time, it would become something completely different she can view a lot about a person from a single reel, but the different blood could affect what she uses.

[vilawantaweesaengfmp]

Étienne-Jules Marey

Étienne-Jules Marey was a French scientist, physiologist and chronophotographer. His work was significant in the development of cardiology, physical instrumentation, aviation, cinematography and the science of laboratory photography. 

He tries to catch the animal’s moment in the moment of it happening with the photographic guns.

The chronophotographic gun is one of the ancestors of the movie camera. It could shoot 12 images per second and it was the first invention to capture moving images on the same chronomatographic plate using a metal shutter.

Unlike the motion studies of Eadweard Muybridge, who depicted movement as a series of discrete moments on separate, sequential negatives, Marey's analyses of motion are characterized by multiple exposures on a single photographic plate. 

[safetyphoto]

Chronophotographic Gun, the First Invention to Capture Moving Images on the Same Plate, 1882 https://ift.tt/2PNxRwA

[arthistorydaily]

Chronophotograph of a Flying Heron by Étienne-Jules Marey, France, 19th century

Cleveland Art Museum

Provenance: Serge Plantureux, Paris; Charles Isaacs, New York; Cleveland Museum of Art Dudley P. Allen Fund 2009.349

Étienne-Jules Marey (1830 - 1904) was a French scientist, physiologist and chronophotographer. His work was significant in the development of cardiology, physical instrumentation, aviation, cinematography and the science of laboratory photography. 

He is widely considered to be a pioneer of photography and an influential pioneer of the history of cinema. He was also a pioneer in establishing a variety of graphical techniques for the display and interpretation of quantitative data from physiological measurement.

Marey's chronophotographic gun was made in 1882, this instrument was capable of taking 12 consecutive frames a second, with all the frames recorded on the same picture. Using these pictures he studied horses, birds, dogs, sheep, donkeys, elephants, fish, microscopic creatures, molluscs, insects, reptiles, etc. Some call it Marey's "animated zoo". Marey also conducted the famous study about cats always landing on their feet.

[* this image is cropped | text source: @wikipedia]

[peachscissors]

Cinema Before Cinema: 20+ Years of Moving Images Before and After the Lumière Cinematographe

 Though the illusion of movement has been used as entertainment for thousands of years, the earliest forms of photographic moving images were embraced more by the scientific community than by the entertainment industry. As audience demand grew however, films began to be shown in Vaudeville houses, until eventually, moving picture exhibition flourished into an industry of its own, and paved the way for filmmaking as an art form.

 The first moving images were probably created by prehistoric cave painters when their drawings on uneven rock surfaces were viewed by flickering torchlight (see fig. 1).1 Later innovations which could be considered as precursors to cinema include shadow puppetry, known to have existed before 0 CE,2 as well as the Magic Lantern from the 17th century CE.3 Toys which use the principles of animation to create the illusion of movement have existed from at least the early 1800s with the invention of the Thaumatrope (see fig. 2, with instructions on how to make one yourself),4 though scholars have suggested that a similar device also existed prehistorically.5 Though these and most subsequent animation techniques from the Phenakistiscope (see fig. 3) to the Praxinoscope (see fig. 4) were created for entertainment, the initial development of photographic animated views was spurred by decidedly scientific motivations.

 The first known movie camera (in the most basic sense of the word) was invented by astronomer Jules Janssen in 1874 in order to record Passage de Vénus (1874; see fig. 5), showing Venus’ transit across the sun. The so-called revolver photographique used a rotating Daguerrotype plate attached to a single telescopic lens and was capable of recording 48 consecutive images in 72 seconds (see fig. 6).6 Often cited as the first true moving image (i.e. not taken at two thirds frames per second), Eadweard Muybridge’s Sallie Gardner at a Gallop (1877, projected 1880, see fig. 7) was shot on a series of cameras placed side-by-side to successfully prove that a trotting horse’s hooves all leave the ground simultaneously.7 Illustrations traced from his photographs were displayed in quick succession on his Zoöpraxiscope projection device before an American audience in May of 1880.8 Muybridge would build a career from this chronophotographic documentation of human and animal locomotion, publishing volumes of consecutive images for scientific and artistic reference.9 Several other attempts at something resembling cinema were made between 1880 and the mid-1890s, including Louis Le Prince’s patented moving picture camera with which he filmed Roundhay Garden Scene (1888), widely believed to be the first film shot on a single device at a reasonable framerate (check out this video of a neural-net remastered 4k 60fps colorized version of this early film).10

 The Edison Kinetoscope, a device that passed an illuminated film strip in front of a peephole, was the first commercialized form of motion picture. It was patented in 1891 and first built in 1892, but wouldn’t make its public debut before 1894 (see fig. 8). Edison’s interest in cinema as a commercial venture was primarily a ploy to sell more lightbulbs and expand his electricity business, but Mutoscope and Biograph were quick to compete with a similar device, which helped develop an early market for cinema.11 In 1895 Auguste and Louis Lumière developed and presented their Cinématographe, the first fully developed motion picture camera and projector. Much like its predecessors, this new invention was not developed with the sole intent of commercial entertainment uses: the first projection of Sortie d’usine (1895, see fig. 9)was to an audience of scientists who had come to see Louis Lumière talk and had not payed for entry. The screening did however prove popular, and before long the Lumières would begin showing it to a paying public audience at the Salon Indien in Paris.12

 Once the technology for film was refined and the demand was recognized, cinema began to commercialize. By this point, films were primarily being screened in Vaudeville theatres.13 Though the next decade or so was made up of ‘cinema of attractions,’ short views of single scenes, entrepreneurs such as Mitchell and Keynon were able to capitalize on the novelty of the medium by charging people to see themselves on screen,14 while creatives like Georges Méliès took advantage of new technologies to create elaborate and inventive trick photography and special effects, most famously in 1902’s goregeously hand-tinted sci-fi spectacle Le Voyage dans la Lune (which can be viewed here). In the 1900s films grew in scope and subject matter, projection hardware and training became easier to obtain, the American working class gained more free time for low-cost entertainment, and ‘middle-man’ film distributors and trade journals set up shop. These factors lead nickelodeons to pop up across the United States and the world, gradually supplanting and absorbing the Vaudeville scene. By 1909, narrative film production and exhibition had become a fully-fledged and rapidly growing industry.15 The early 1910s saw the rise of the serial, as well as a migration of talent from Vaudeville to cinema, including Chaplin and Keaton who would go on to be the biggest stars of their time.16 By 1915, 20 years after the first Cinématographe projections, film had become an unstoppable force and one of the main forms of entertainment in most of the world.

1. Werner Herzog, dir., Cave of Forgotten Dreams, Blu-ray (New York, N.Y.: IFC Films, 2011).

2. Fan Pen Chen, “Shadow Theaters of the World,” Asian Folklore Studies 62, no. 1 (2003): 25–64, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1179080.

3. Christiaan Huygens, Oeuvres Complètes: Supplément à La Correspondance, DBNL, vol. XXII (1659; repr., Den Haag (The Hague), NL: Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren, 1950), https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/huyg003oeuv22_01/huyg003oeuv22_01_0093.php.

4. “Literary Report,” The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal 15 (April 1, 1825): 177, https://books.google.ca/books?id=4UUFAAAAQAAJ&q=thaumatrope&pg=PA513&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=thaumatrope&f=false.

5. Marc Azéma and Florent Rivère, “Animation in Palaeolithic Art: A Pre-Echo of Cinema,” Antiquity 86, no. 332 (June 2012): 316–24, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062785.

6. Françoise Launay and Peter D. Hingley, “Jules Janssen’s ‘Revolver Photographique’ and Its British Derivative, ‘the Janssen Slide,’” Journal for the History of Astronomy 36, no. 1 (February 2005): 57–79, https://doi.org/10.1177/002182860503600107.

7. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, “Eadweard Muybridge: British Photographer,” in Encyclopædia Britannica (Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., May 6, 2018), https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eadweard-Muybridge.

8. André Gaudreault and Tom Gunning, “Introduction,” in American Cinema 1890-1905, ed. André Gaudreault (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers U Press, 2009), 2.

9. Britannica, “Muybridge.”

10. Ian Youngs, “Louis Le Prince, Who Shot the World’s First Film in Leeds,” BBC News, June 22, 2015, https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-33198686.

11. Douglas, “Early Cinema: Inventors and Gadgets, Part 2.”

12. Gaudreault and Gunning, “Introduction,” 4.

13. Ibid., 15.

14. Douglas, “Early Cinema... Part 2.”

15. Gaudreault and Gunning, “Introduction,” 11-16.

16. David Douglas, “’Week One Discussion,” Zoom Video Lecture, (September 11, 2020).

[dangooul]

Activate The Collection Week 12

This week was about presenting our work to some of the collections owners and curators. This was a great opportunity to gauge a bit of background on the collections as a whole so we had a bit more of an understanding about what it truly was we were using. This was particularly evident in the ACMI presentations and the material presented to Nick. Nick has a long history in archival media material. And had a great interest in what we were doing after being approached by lecturer Darrin. The feedback he provided to Jerry and myself was very positive. I think he liked the remix we did of peoples childhood footage and using it in a horror setting. 

Wednesdays class was much of the same however we also had input from Richard Grant who spoke more to the video side and industry tips once finishing university. The sound students spoke to Francois Tetaz who provided similarly great industry tips and brief overviews of their history in sound and video respectively. I was surprised (but at the same time not surprised) as to just how many hours Francois puts in to scoring a film or project. I thought the way he estimates and calculates hours invested is a very wise move on his behalf and provides a sense of direction and goals to achieve each day. 

Updates on collaboration with Alex: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_csh7Pn7NA&t=55s

Still awaiting footage? Project might just finish on the one minute mark. 

Update on collaboration with Heyang: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgSv9EPdpgI

As for Jerry the positive feedback allowed me to discuss with him the absolute final polish. I suggested I change one element around 52~ seconds as the fast pace edit sequence finishes. I have sent Jerry the wav and am waiting for him to export our final product. 

For research engagement this week I decided to look into the history of motion picture so that I have an understanding of the other side of the coin. Motion pictures is based on the optical phenomena known as persistence of vision and the phi phenomenon. ‘The phi phenomenon,  is an optical illusion in which stationary objects shown in rapid succession, transcending the threshold at which they can be perceived separately, appear to move. This was discovered by Gerard Wertheimer In 1912 (Ryans, 1936).’

Etienne Jules-Mary was the first individual to take multiple shots in succession with a single instrument. Marey's chronophotographic gun was made in 1882, this instrument was capable of taking 12 consecutive frames a second, with all the frames recorded on the same picture. He is known in scientific, philosophical and cinematic circles for his achievements and rightly so. ‘Our knowledge of chronophotography is associated mainly with the names of the Anglo-American Eadweard Muybridge and the Frenchman Etienne-Jules Marey. (Kemp, 2010)’. What I found interesting is that french influence in early film culture is very prevalent I was never aware of them being such pioneers of the industry. This perhaps contributed to the notion of Paris being renowned as the ‘city of love’ in contemporary times. Although once the U.S. caught wind they were able to take over with the founding of companies such as kodak in particular who would pave the way for motion capture and photography in general until the digital age has taken over within the last few decades. However French and foreign cinema still holds incredible value and I believe do not get the recognition they deserve as they can be interesting insights into cultural ideals and practices that otherwise would elude us. This provides some perspective in that the end goal with an audiovisual relationship or career is not necessarily related purely to hollywood being the end goal. There are plenty of other avenues to consider. 

References: 

Ryans, D (1936),  ‘ The Phi-Phenomenon: A Fundamental Gestalt?’,  Pages 155-161 | Received 19 May 1936, Published online: 06 Jul 2010.

Kemp, C, (2010), ‘The chronophotographer Ernst Kohlrausch’,  originally a talk given at Kingston Museum, 2010. 

[movieindustry1]

MOVIE INDUSTRY

Indian Film Industry -What Is Bollywood?

The Indian film making industry is known as Bollywood to the mainstream audience. But in reality, Bollywood is part of the Indian film industry.   Indian cinema history bollywood is the actual name of India’s Hindi film industry. The country’s film industry contains various languages. Including Tamil (Kollywood), Telugu (Tollywood) and Hindi (Bollywood).

In fact, Kollywood is the largest producer with over 260 films. Tollywood is in second place with over 250 films, followed by Bollywood in third place with over 220 films. But when it comes to global box office presence, Bollywood is at the forefront with the largest numbers concerning sales.

Where Is Bollywood?

Indian flim industry bollywood is located in The city of Mumbai. The Mumbai film industry was formerly the Bombay film industry before Bombay changed its name to Mumbai in 1995.  Mumbai is considered the birthplace and namesake of “Bollywood” in India. The city is the richest in India and also in the top 20 richest cities in the world. Top 5 Indian flims due to the high illiteracy rate and different languages, the theater was limited to only a few.  Therefore theater never transcended to a level of mass consumption by the Indian audience.  The film was easier to produce and consume in mass by the Indian audience. As a result, the film became the biggest and most popular platform in India.

The History Of The Indian Film Industry?

Raja Harishchandra is a 1913 Indian silent film that is often considered the first full-length Indian feature film.The story was about a righteous Indian King who never told a lie. This might be the film that opened the door to what is now known as Bollywood. India’s film industry started about 100 years ago.  term “Bollywood” was coined many years later. The Bollywood movie vibrant song-and-dance routines that have become popular with millions of fans worldwide are a signature element in Bollywood films. Bollywood has influenced all aspects of daily life and culture in India. The film industry is the main form of entertainment and also has a cult following.

As in Hollywood, Bollywood fashion is often imitated and shows up in general day-to-day attire, including a big influence on wedding attire. An outfit worn by an actor or actress in a hit film can immediately influence the new style of the clothing industry in India. The origins of early Indian cinema song and dance routines were started by artists in Parsi theatre. Parsi-style plays were a fusion of fantasy meets reality, including the signature song-and-dance routine that exists to this day.  India’s film industry including Bollywood has grown exponentially and major American studios such as 20th Century Fox to Disney have a presence in India’s film industry.

BOLLYWOOD IMPACT ON FLIM INDUSTRY

The French physiologist  took the first series photographs with a single instrument in 1882; once again the was the analysis of motion too rapid for perception by the . Marey invented the chronophotographic gun, a  shaped like a rifle that recorded 12 successive photographs per second, in order to study the movement of birds in flight. These images were imprinted on a rotating glass plate (later, paper roll film), and Marey subsequently attempted to project them.

Like Muybridge, however, Marey was interested in deconstructing movement rather than synthesizing it, and he did not carry his experiments much beyond the realm of high-speed, or instantaneous, series photography. Muybridge and Marey, in fact, conducted their work in the spirit of scientific inquiry; they both extended and elaborated existing technologies in order to probe and analyze events that occurred beyond the  of human perception. The new movie release who came after would return their discoveries to the realm of normal human vision and exploit them for profit.

[catherinemayphotography]

Project One The Frozen Moment - Exercise 3.1 Freeze

"There is a pleasure and beauty in this fragmenting of time that had little to do with what was happening. It had to do, rather, with seeing the momentary patterning of lines and shapes that had been previously concealed within the flux of movement."

(Research):

Motion in photography has come a long way from what we know it as today, one photographer who assisted with the evolution of movement in photography was Eadweard Muybridge who was hired to take photographs for some studies of 'whether all four feet of a horse were off the ground at the same time while trotting.' Muybridge was to experiment with photography to capture a horse galloping in sequence. In the years of 1878-1884 Muybridge developed his method of capturing horses in motion, to prove horses do in fact have all hour feet on the floor when in their running stride.

When researching motion I also came across Etienne-Jules Marey who was a physiologist and a chronophotographer in the 1800's. Marey started off by capturing images of movement in the human body; heartbeats, respiration and muscles. Marey had a 'chronophotographic gun' made which was an instrument capable of taking 12 continuous frames per second, with all the frames captured in the same image. He went on to study and take photos of birds, dogs, sheep, horses, elephans, donkeys and fish.

(My process/ photographs):

When taking my own photographs for 'The Frozen Moment' I set my camera to 'Sports' to capture subjects in motion for continuous shooting whilst keeping the subject in focus.

Taking inspiration from the above listed photographers, to create my own set of images which I attach. I ventured to Regents Park when on my lunch break at work, which I thought I could capture movement such as the birds, the groups of families going for walks or the locals going on runs at their local parks. When arriving to the park there were many scenes right in front of me which I wanted to capture, such as the flocks of birds surrounding a man who was holding a sandwich, I captured this photo from afar and I think this works nicely as all of the birds are in differnt flight mode and it shows a variation of movement. I also captured similar photographs of birds coming down from flight into the lake, I had my finger sat on the trigger to capture the photos to ensure I didnt miss anything and I could choose from my favourites after. Also, capturing a bird floating along the lake and the ripples created in the water following its movement, I made sure to capture the bird and the ripples in the same shot so your eyes follow from the bird to the movement created.

I also attach a few other images I captured before the above listed as a trial, these two images are of my brother mid run - my camera capturing the movement of his legs whilst he was exercising, I decided to just focus on his legs as this would show the most movement to the audience. Along with an image of my dog when I took her on a walk, capturing her mid stride when running back towards me.

My favourite image I captured is the one of the few birds coming in to settle on the water, this is because my camera captured the movement of the bird and the distruption this made to the lake.