#Chefs Hawker Centre

[buffetlicious]

Opened by an ex-head chef of a famous tonkatsu restaurant at ION Orchard. Maruhachi Donburi & Curry strived to sell restaurant quality teishoku sets, curry rice and donburi bowls at hawker centre prices. This is the takeaway bowl of Chicken Katsu Don that sis had. Came with crispy breaded chicken cutlet with egg over rice.

I had the Pork Katsu Curry Rice which had a sizeable piece of golden-brown breaded pork cutlet and pickled red daikon. The curry sauce is separated by partition in the bento box so you still get the crispy texture of the deep-fried pork. Both dishes are priced under S$10 each at the time of dining though prices had got up but still remain affordable.

[lennonhead]

A MIRACLE HAPPENED

so, as you know, for the past 6 months I have been torturing myself by going to places touting an authentic Chinese dish and being disappointed

this diner is 3 minutes from my house and I pass by it most days, just never ate there before because I thought it would be regular Japanese-Chinese food. but one day I saw its menu online and not only did it have beef noodle soup, it looked pretty decent in the picture

so today I went

GUYS

IT'S LEGIT

it reminds me particularly of the beef noodle soup served at T&T in Canada in their few locations that have a dining area. they didn't have knife-cut noodles today but hopefully next time they will because that would bring this to the next level, as it is I think the noodles are Japanese. the broth is true with a little bit of numbing spice as the chef is from the Mainland. the red-cooked beef is perfect, big chunks with fat and tendon just like it should be. even the vegetable garnish nobody eats is there, which has been totally lacking in previous places promising beef noodle soup, although it's not bok choy

I'm so happy. but my wallet will not be. well, it's not like 900 yen is super expensive... I don't think you can get beef noodle soup for that price at any hawker centre in Vancouver anymore 🥲

me and a couple that was eating there at the same time praised the chef highly

[saurabhgt]

Top Places to Eat in Singapore: A Culinary Adventure

Singapore, a vibrant city-state known for its rich cultural diversity, offers an eclectic culinary scene that caters to every palate. From hawker centers dishing out local delights to high-end restaurants serving gourmet cuisine, here are some of the top places to eat in Singapore that you shouldn’t miss. This food lover’s guide and our Singapore tour packages will take you on a journey to experience unique cuisine, iconic street foods, casual and fine dining spots, seafood places, cafes, and food courts that cater to every palate. 

1. Lau Pa Sat

Lau Pa Sat, a historic market turned food court, is a must-visit for those looking to experience Singapore’s street food. Located in the heart of the Central Business District, this iconic hawker center is famous for its satay street that comes alive in the evening. Try the satay skewers, Hokkien mee, and chili crab for an authentic taste of Singapore.

2. Maxwell Food Centre

For a truly local experience, head to Maxwell Food Centre. This hawker center is renowned for its Tian Tian Hainanese Chicken Rice, a dish that has gained international fame. Other notable stalls include Zhen Zhen Porridge and Maxwell Fuzhou Oyster Cake. The variety and affordability make it a favorite among both locals and tourists.

3. Candlenut

Candlenut is the world’s first Michelin-starred Peranakan restaurant. Located in Dempsey Hill, it offers a modern twist on traditional Peranakan cuisine. Chef Malcolm Lee’s innovative dishes, such as the signature Buah Keluak Pork Ribs and Westholme Wagyu Beef Rendang, provide a delightful culinary experience that blends heritage and creativity.

4. Odette

For a fine dining experience, Odette is a top choice. Located in the National Gallery Singapore, this three-Michelin-starred restaurant is helmed by Chef Julien Royer. Odette offers contemporary French cuisine with a focus on fresh, seasonal ingredients. The Art Deco interior and impeccable service add to the luxurious dining experience.

5. No Signboard Seafood

Seafood lovers should not miss No Signboard Seafood. Famous for its white pepper crab, this restaurant offers a range of delectable seafood dishes that highlight Singapore’s maritime bounty. With multiple locations across the city, it’s a convenient spot to enjoy some of the best seafood Singapore has to offer.

6. Din Tai Fung

For those craving dim sum, Din Tai Fung is a must-visit. This Taiwanese chain is known for its meticulously crafted xiao long bao (soup dumplings). The Marina Bay Sands outlet offers a stunning view to complement the delicious food. Other popular dishes include the truffle xiao long bao and shrimp fried rice.

7. Burnt Ends

Burnt Ends, a modern Australian barbecue restaurant, is another Michelin-starred gem in Singapore. Located in Chinatown, it’s famous for its open-concept kitchen and custom-made grills. Signature dishes like the Burnt Ends Sanger and King Crab with Garlic Brown Butter are a testament to the restaurant’s commitment to quality and flavor.

8. Newton Food Centre

Made famous by the movie “Crazy Rich Asians,” Newton Food Centre is a bustling hawker center offering a wide array of local dishes. From BBQ stingray and oyster omelette to satay and fried carrot cake, the variety of food here is astounding. It’s a great place to enjoy a late-night meal in a lively atmosphere.

9. PS.Cafe

For a more relaxed dining experience, PS.Cafe offers a chic and comfortable setting with a diverse menu. Known for its brunch options and decadent desserts, it’s a popular spot for both locals and expats. The Dempsey Hill location is particularly charming, surrounded by lush greenery and offering a serene escape from the city.

10. Violet Oon Singapore

To experience authentic Singaporean cuisine with a touch of elegance, visit Violet Oon Singapore. This restaurant celebrates the flavors of Singapore with dishes like dry laksa and beef rendang. The beautiful Peranakan-inspired decor and warm hospitality make it a perfect place for a memorable dining experience.

Conclusion

Singapore’s culinary landscape is a reflection of its rich cultural tapestry. Whether you’re indulging in street food at a bustling hawker center or savoring a gourmet meal at a Michelin-starred restaurant, the city offers an unparalleled gastronomic journey. So, loosen your belt and get ready to explore the top places to eat in Singapore – a true food lover’s paradise.

[kamlatravels]

Discover Singapore with KAMLA Tours & Travels: A Perfect Blend of Tradition and Modernity And Unique Experiences with KAMLA Tours & Travels

Culinary Delights

Singapore is a food lover’s paradise, known for its diverse and delicious cuisine. With KAMLA Tours & Travels, embark on a culinary journey that will tantalize your taste buds.

Hawker Centres: Visit famous hawker centres like Maxwell Food Centre, Lau Pa Sat, and Newton Food Centre. Savor local favorites such as Hainanese chicken rice, char kway teow, and laksa. Our guides will help you navigate these bustling centres, ensuring you taste the best dishes.

Fine Dining: For a more upscale experience, dine at Michelin-starred restaurants like Odette, Burnt Ends, and Candlenut. Enjoy exquisite dishes crafted by world-renowned chefs in stunning settings.

Shopping Extravaganza

Singapore offers a myriad of shopping experiences, from luxury malls to bustling street markets.

Luxury Shopping: Explore high-end shopping malls on Orchard Road, such as ION Orchard, Paragon, and Ngee Ann City. Discover designer labels, luxury brands, and exclusive boutiques.

Local Markets: For a more local experience, visit Bugis Street Market and Mustafa Centre. Here, you can find everything from trendy fashion to electronics, all at bargain prices.

Cultural Immersion

Immerse yourself in Singapore’s multicultural heritage with tailored cultural experiences.

Heritage Tours: Join our heritage tours that take you through historic neighborhoods, temples, and museums. Learn about Singapore’s colonial past, its journey to independence, and its diverse cultural fabric.

Festivals: Plan your trip around major festivals like Chinese New Year, Hari Raya Puasa, Deepavali, and the Mid-Autumn Festival. Experience vibrant celebrations, traditional performances, and festive markets.

Adventure and Outdoors

For the adventure seekers, Singapore offers a range of outdoor activities and natural attractions.

Hiking and Nature Trails: Explore the lush greenery of the Southern Ridges, MacRitchie Reservoir, and Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Enjoy scenic hikes, bird watching, and breathtaking views.

Water Sports: Try kayaking, paddleboarding, and wakeboarding at East Coast Park or Sentosa Island. For a unique experience, go on a night kayaking adventure through the mangroves.

Accommodation Options

KAMLA Tours & Travels ensures you have the best stay with a range of accommodation options to suit every budget.

Luxury Hotels: Stay at world-class hotels such as Marina Bay Sands, Raffles Singapore, and The Fullerton Hotel. Enjoy luxurious amenities, stunning views, and impeccable service.

Boutique Hotels: For a more intimate experience, choose from charming boutique hotels like The Scarlet Singapore, Hotel Fort Canning, and Naumi Hotel.

Budget-Friendly Options: For budget-conscious travelers, we offer excellent accommodations like Hotel Boss, ibis Singapore on Bencoolen, and Park 22 Hotel Little India.

Family-Friendly Activities

Singapore is a fantastic destination for families, offering a wide range of activities for all ages.

Singapore Zoo and Night Safari: Spend a day at the award-winning Singapore Zoo, known for its interactive exhibits and animal shows. Follow it up with an evening at the Night Safari, where you can observe nocturnal animals in their natural habitats.

Sentosa Island: Sentosa Island is perfect for families. Visit KidZania, Adventure Cove Waterpark, and the Butterfly Park & Insect Kingdom. Don’t miss the Wings of Time, a spectacular night show featuring water, laser, and fire effects.

Science Centre Singapore: Engage your kids with interactive exhibits and fun educational experiences at the Science Centre Singapore. The centre also features a planetarium and an outdoor water park.

Insider Tips for a Memorable Trip

Stay Connected:

Purchase a local SIM card or rent a portable Wi-Fi device to stay connected throughout your trip.

Use Public Transport:

Singapore’s MRT and bus systems are efficient, affordable, and cover most tourist attractions. Get an EZ-Link card for seamless travel.

Respect Local Customs:

When visiting religious sites, dress modestly and follow the local customs. Always remove your shoes before entering temples and mosques.

Stay Hydrated:

Singapore’s tropical climate can be hot and humid. Carry a water bottle and stay hydrated throughout the day.

Plan Ahead:

Popular attractions can get crowded, especially on weekends. Book your tickets in advance to avoid long queues.

Sustainable Travel with KAMLA Tours & Travels

At KAMLA Tours & Travels, we are committed to promoting sustainable and responsible tourism. Here’s how we help you travel sustainably:

Eco-Friendly Tours: We offer eco-friendly tours that minimize environmental impact. Explore Singapore’s green spaces and learn about conservation efforts.

Local Partnerships: We partner with local businesses and communities to support the local economy and preserve cultural heritage.

Waste Reduction: We encourage our travelers to reduce waste by providing reusable water bottles and bags. Many of our partner hotels and restaurants have adopted sustainable practices as well.

Contact Us

Ready to embark on an unforgettable journey to Singapore? Contact KAMLA Tours & Travels today to start planning your dream vacation.

Website: https://www.kamlatravels.com/kfd

Email: kamlatravelslko@yahoo.com Phone: 9335086971/ 7311133018 Office Address: 7A ALIGANJ SHOPPING CENTER,NEAR KUMAR BOOK HOUSE. KURSIROAD,DANDIYABAZAR,ALIGANJ,LUCKNOW-226022.

Follow us on social media for the latest updates and travel inspiration:

Facebook: KAMLA Tours & Travels

Instagram: kamlatravelslko

Twitter: @kamlatours

Join us at KAMLA Tours & Travels, and let’s create memories that will last a lifetime. Discover the best of Singapore with our expertly crafted tours and personalized services. Your adventure awaits!

[jeduka]

Discovering Singapore Beyond Its Universities: A Guide to the Lion City's Hidden Gems

When one thinks of Singapore, often the first associations that come to mind are its prestigious universities. However, this vibrant city-state has so much more to offer beyond its academic institutions. From cultural landmarks to culinary delights, Singapore is a melting pot of experiences waiting to be explored. In this blog post, we'll take a journey through some of the hidden gems that make Singapore one of the most exciting destinations in the world.

Exploring Singapore's Cultural Tapestry

Singapore's rich cultural diversity is evident in its many neighborhoods, each with its own unique charm. Take a stroll through Chinatown, where you'll find bustling streets lined with traditional shophouses selling everything from handmade crafts to mouthwatering street food. Don't miss the opportunity to visit the Sri Mariamman Temple, the oldest Hindu temple in Singapore, and immerse yourself in its intricate architecture and vibrant rituals.

For a taste of Singapore's Malay heritage, head to Kampong Glam, where you'll be greeted by the majestic Sultan Mosque and the vibrant Arab Street. Explore the neighborhood's colorful shops and cafes, and be sure to try some authentic Malay cuisine at one of the local eateries.

A Culinary Paradise

Singapore is a paradise for food lovers, with a culinary scene that reflects its multicultural population. Indulge in a gastronomic adventure at hawker centers such as Maxwell Food Centre or Lau Pa Sat, where you can sample a dizzying array of local dishes at affordable prices. From savory Hainanese chicken rice to spicy laksa, Singapore's street food scene is sure to tantalize your taste buds.

For a more upscale dining experience, head to one of Singapore's many Michelin-starred restaurants, where world-class chefs serve up innovative dishes that blend traditional flavors with modern techniques. Whether you're craving contemporary European cuisine or authentic Peranakan fare, Singapore offers a dining experience to suit every palate.

Green Spaces and Urban Oases

Despite its reputation as a bustling metropolis, Singapore is also a city blessed with an abundance of green spaces and parks. Escape the hustle and bustle of the city center and immerse yourself in nature at the Singapore Botanic Gardens, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its lush landscapes and diverse plant species.

For a truly unique experience, visit Gardens by the Bay, where you can wander through futuristic gardens filled with towering Supertrees and exotic flora. Don't miss the chance to explore the iconic Cloud Forest and Flower Dome, where you can discover plant life from around the world in climate-controlled environments.

Embracing Innovation and Creativity

Singapore is a city that embraces innovation and creativity, with a thriving arts and culture scene that showcases the talents of local and international artists alike. Explore the vibrant street art scene in neighborhoods such as Tiong Bahru and Joo Chiat, where colorful murals adorn the walls of buildings and alleyways.

For a dose of culture and history, visit the National Gallery Singapore, housed in the historic former Supreme Court and City Hall buildings. Here, you can admire a vast collection of Southeast Asian art spanning centuries, from traditional paintings to contemporary installations.

Conclusion

While Singapore may be renowned for its world-class Best University in Singapore, the city has so much more to offer beyond academia. From its rich cultural tapestry to its diverse culinary scene and stunning green spaces, Singapore is a destination that promises to captivate and inspire visitors from around the world. So the next time you find yourself in the Lion City, be sure to venture off the beaten path and discover the hidden gems that make Singapore truly special.

[shubhaytoursandtravel]

Singapore's Gigantic Mystery: Unveiling the Charms of the Lion City

Singapore, a city-state that surprises and enchants visitors with its fusion of tradition and modernity, welcomes you. Situated at the heart of Asia, Singapore is a diverse blend of cultures where old customs seamlessly blend with innovations. With its stunning skyline, verdant parks, bustling markets, and delicious cuisine, Singapore promises a plethora of experiences to discover. Join Shubhay Tours and uncover the intricate history, vibrant culture, and exciting attractions of this dynamic city-state.

Best of Phuket Pattaya and Bangkok-By Shubhay Tours

Singapore's Cultural Reflection

A diverse range of ethnic influences, including Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Eurasian traditions, weave a lively tapestry into Singapore's cultural landscape. Embark on a journey through the bustling streets of Chinatown, where ancient temples coexist harmoniously with modern skyscrapers, and indulge in the authentic flavors of Cantonese cuisine at vibrant hawker centers. Immerse yourself in the vibrant sights and sounds of Little India, where colorful sarees, aromatic spices, and bustling markets evoke the spirit of India. Discover the rich heritage of Kampong Glam, home to the majestic Sultan Mosque and bustling Arab Street, where you can explore traditional textiles and savor the delights of Middle Eastern cuisine.

Iconic Places and Destinations

A trip to Singapore would not be complete without exploring its famous landmarks and attractions. Admire the modern architecture of Marina Bay Sands, including the iconic rooftop infinity pool with stunning views of the city skyline. Walk along the charming Singapore River to appreciate the historical sites of Clarke Quay and Boat Quay. Immerse yourself in the greenery of Gardens by the Bay, where impressive super trees and the beautiful Flower Dome create a futuristic atmosphere. Experience the rich history of Colonial Singapore by visiting landmarks such as the Raffles Hotel and the National Museum of Singapore.

Thailand Paradise Tour Package 5N6D

Culinary Delights

Food lovers will find themselves in paradise in Singapore, where the diverse culinary offerings cater to every palate. Indulge in the city's famous street food at hawker centers like Maxwell Food Centre and Lau Pa Sat, where you can relish local favorites like Hainanese chicken rice, laksa, and chili crab. For a more upscale dining experience, visit Singapore's world-class restaurants, where celebrity chefs showcase their skills with innovative fusion cuisine and international dishes. And of course, don't miss out on trying Singapore's renowned hawker dishes such as bak kut teh, satay, and rojak to truly immerse yourself in the flavors of the Lion City.

Outdoor activities and nature

Singapore, known for its urban environment, also features numerous green areas and leisure activities. Delve into the lush rainforests of the Singapore Botanic Gardens, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, to admire unique orchids and peaceful lakes. Escape the city's busy atmosphere by visiting Sentosa Island, Singapore's premier resort destination, where you can unwind on beautiful beaches, explore top-notch attractions like Universal Studios Singapore, and partake in thrilling water sports. Embark on a scenic walk along the Southern Ridges, offering panoramic vistas of the city skyline and verdant scenery.

Exotic USA Tour Package-2N3D

Carnival of Shopping

Singapore is a true haven for those with a passion for shopping, offering a plethora of gleaming shopping malls, bustling street markets, and an eclectic mix of boutiques that cater to every taste and budget. Embark on a journey through the glitzy shopping boulevards of Orchard Road, where prestigious designer labels, luxurious boutiques, and high-end department stores entice trendsetters. Uncover unique souvenirs and handicrafts at traditional markets like Bugis Street and Chinatown Street Market, where you can engage in the art of bargaining for great deals and savor local snacks. Immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of Singapore's shopping districts, where you can shop until you drop and immerse yourself in the city's thriving retail scene.

Japan Tour 3N4D- Book Now!

Nightlife and entertainment

When night falls, Singapore bursts to life with an exciting nightlife scene that caters to all tastes and preferences. Immerse yourself in the glamour of Marina Bay Sands' rooftop bars, where you can enjoy cocktails with panoramic views of the city skyline. Dance the night away at Clarke Quay and Boat Quay, where vibrant bars, clubs, and live music venues offer a plethora of entertainment options. For a more laid-back ambiance, venture to the historic Ann Siang Hill and Club Street, where stylish cocktail bars and speakeasies serve up creative drinks in trendy surroundings.

Dubai Dreams Package -3N4D

Conclusion

Singapore is a destination that holds a wealth of experiences, ranging from its rich cultural heritage to its impressive modern attractions and delectable culinary offerings. Whether you find yourself exploring its iconic landmarks, savoring its diverse cuisine, or immersing yourself in its lively ambiance, Singapore is sure to captivate and ignite your imagination. So, prepare yourself with Shubhay Tours for an unforgettable journey as you allow Singapore to weave its magic and leave you with cherished memories in this dynamic city-state situated at the heart of Asia.

[outvoo]

Interview with Chef Tu David Phu, part 2

OutVoo Interview with Chef Tu David Phu

Conducted by Ian Ippolito & Merced Gonzalez

Today we are talking to Chef Tu David Phu, a contestant on Bravo’s Top Chef, and one of Oakland’s very own. Since Oakland is where OutVoo was born, we are thrilled that Chef Phu is a fan of the app:

“Whenever I open up Yelp I want to know what’s near me and the thing I hate about Yelp is I have to type in where I am and what I’m looking for specifically.  [OutVoo] does that all for me!”

What were your initial thoughts of Oakland?

When my parents first immigrated over here they landed in Oakland.  My dad received a job offer in Minnesota, but after a couple of winters, and my sister getting frost bite, we returned.  Basically I’ve been in Oakland all my life.  I grew up in Oakland in the 90’s.  It was tough. Like murder capital tough!  I’m not the person to be resentful of that. I feel like within chaos and bad things there is always beauty.  I think the beauty that I had growing up in Oakland was cooking with my mom, having our own little tiny garden in the tiny apartment we lived in.  I found preciousness in the things we were blessed with.  

Oakland is experiencing a culinary renaissance.  What are your thoughts on the food scene?

I think it’s great! I think it’s more diverse now. The only thing I’m really sad about is the homeless situation.  I want to invite everyone to Oakland and I think that’s beautiful, but I just wish there was more regulation on the people who were displaced.

I think the Mayor is working on a few things.

I think the issue is bigger than the Mayor of Oakland.  I don’t blame the City of Oakland. It’s the flaws that we have in our systems.  There is something wrong and we pour money into building more prison systems and a fraction of that could house a lot of homeless people in California.  

When you complain about politics everything is intertwined.  In that aspect I believe in prevention and I think prevention starts at youth.

Were you surprised by this culinary renaissance?  

I’ve always believed in Oakland. I’ve always thought Oakland has so many amazing offerings.  Not just cuisine wise, but also ethnic wise.  There are so many different cultures.  I didn’t really appreciate it until I moved away. Then when I moved away I understood that Oakland is going to blow up so hard.  I moved away in 2010, I was in New York for 2 years.  

Top Chef! What was it like?

It was amazing!  When I signed on to the show...it was to have fun, interact, network and build a brand.  I felt Top Chef was the perfect opportunity for me to tell my story to a bigger audience.  I found that work very purposeful.

Coincidentally enough, there was an episode where I was able to work with immigrant women at Comal Heritage Food Incubator.  I worked with South American women who made green mole and pork for me.  I worked with Syrian women.  I’m not sure if it was in the episode.  There was a moment where we were exchanging our immigrant stories and they told me that they were in a refugee camp for 10 years.  My parents were in a refugee camp for one year during the Vietnam war.   I understand because I hear the stories from my family.  They were telling me the stories of the hardships they went through. They looked at me and said, “All we want to do is be able to cook.”  That sheer rawness of emotion and purity made me feel close to them.  I felt the suffering they felt through my own family and I had this human compassion moment.  I started shedding tears, Tanya Holland started sharing tears and a few of the other ethnic people started shedding tears.  Some people just can’t relate and I don’t hold that against them. The ethnic immigrant story and the suffering that comes along with it is very specific.  It resonates throughout generations.  I see it in the blood, sweat and tears of my parents working hard every fucking day.  They were janitors at the Fox Theater.  I have a tattoo of it.  They really did almost every laborious job you can probably think of to make ends meet. In my personal experience, specifically being on Top Chef, the most powerful thing that inspired me was that moment working with those women.  And I said on TV, this is probably the best meal I’ve ever had, partly because of the stories and compassion.  The centuries old recipes.  They made hummus that was beautiful.  They made lentil soup that was so simple but delicious. It was all hand made, they’re not fine dining trained, but at the same time I can confidently say I cannot execute the way they executed it. At that moment it just confirmed my notion and perception of cuisine and where it comes from.  In that moment I championed them and continue to champion the root of cuisine which is usually mothers and aunties.  The funny thing is, I’m a fine dining trained Chef, and I champion women, and that is were cuisine comes from, but that is not reflective in the industry. It’s weird to me that there is a lack of women in the industry because it’s so machismo.  Not to say women should be cooking, I’m just saying that the best food I’ve ever had came mostly from women.  So it’s revisiting that notion.  If there is any pinnacle, peak of Top Chef, that inspired me, that would be the moment.  

Has Top Chef affected your career? Has it changed your plans?

Are you talking about direct messages in Instagram?  (laughter)

It gets scary sometimes. There are extreme fans and regular fans, but I think for the most part, my portrayal on the show has been very positive.  And I think if you don’t give TV crap they can’t shoot crap out.  I was just myself and I wasn’t trying to be anybody else. It turned out for the good.  

You were a likable, lovable kind of guy, and you helped other people.

It’s not even about the point of me helping people out, I just was raised well.  That’s what my parents taught me.  I’ve been a Chef for a kitchen for a few restaurants and there are young cooks to this day that I keep in close relationships with. And I was very cognizant of how I behaved.  I do commencement speeches and I speak to and I hang out with kids.  I cook with them and I’m aware of the way I conduct myself and that what I role model could inspire and influence them in some way. At least I hope so.  So that is why I try to make sure to be positive.  I think it’s very important.  Not all Chefs think this way.  They can be egocentric, whatever it takes to win ...

It’s a competition, and you’re in a different element, some people snap.

If I’m going to beat someone, I want to beat them at their best.  I don’t want to beat somebody by default.  The reason why I helped out Bruce is because Bruce and I knew each other prior. We were colleagues and we had somewhat of a friendship.  But I wanted to challenge Bruce, I wanted to have the opportunity to challenge Bruce.  That’s the whole reason why I went on the show, I went to see my excellence versus your excellence.  I’m very happy with the Top Chef cast and we’re all a family and I’m very happy with the way I did.  I think just getting on the show was an accomplishment. You know how many people apply for the show? Thousands and thousands.

Was it a long process?

I went through several interviews.  I applied for Season 14 and they told me to come back the next year.  I came back and got on.  There are some people on the show that apply like five, six times in a row, so I got lucky, food timing, they were in need of a token Asian guy! (laughter)

So the amazing and funny thing is that when I got the phone call from Paolo Lucchesi about the Rising Star Chef, the following month they called me to let me know I was on Top Chef.  I was like, oh my God, somebody’s looking down on me.  

And through that course of a year it was very rough, I had a friend that was murdered and I had an Uncle pass away.  So it was a rough year. I felt like those were blessings from them.  I’m not suggesting that I’m religious but I am spiritual and I felt like those were blessings that I’m very appreciative of, you know?  Especially with family and friends and people close to you.  Would I rather have the accolades and opportunity or would I rather have them?  I would rather have them in my life.  So that is the thing with these opportunities, more than focusing on the win, but just embracing the opportunity and just representing yourself and your story well.  I feel like that is the most important thing.

Hung Thanh 1895 Fish Sauce.  Tell us about this!

It’s my family’s fish sauce that we’ve been making for over a hundred years. I’m very very proud of it. I feel like---I’m trying not to be biased--but I’ve tasted a lot of product blindly among my peers, my colleagues, my friends and we all agree that my families sauce is best! (laughter)

Where can we buy it?

My sister is working on distribution to the states.  The conversation has begun but to announce a release date would be premature.  I don’t want to be irresponsible.  

Is your cousin running the company?

Yes, he is.  They’ve won tons of awards and accolades!  They currently sell it in Vietnam and Japan. They even sell to some chefs in Japan and they sell to a distributor in Japan where they re-label it as a Japanese product.  And they sell it in France as well too.  A bunch of French Chefs in France love the stuff.  And that’s the thing, if your product is good and the leading culinary nations buy from you, then you’re doing something right.

You’ve got to send me this playlist!

Chef’s Hawker Centre ...

My new baby!

I had to look up Hawker Centre

The term is derived from Singapore and the way I spell Centre everybody gives me shit for it, C-E-N-T-R-E. That’s the British way to spell Centre. It derives from Singapore but it exists all over Asia, specifically countries that exist along the South China Sea. It was a courtyard where everyone would have a kiosk and all walks of life would go there, rich, poor, that’s where you go to get your food.  Period. Frequently visiting Vietnam I found a certain beauty in that.  People were gathering from all different walks of life.  You can have a millionaire or a government official and a peasant kid and they’re all sitting at the same table eating and they are all somewhat interacting.  I wished Westerners would embrace that more.  I feel like in the 2000s leading up to 2018 there is this elitism that we have that we’re not conscious of.  And what it boils down to is if you want better food, better quality, it reflects in the amount you pay.  So what does that suggest for poor people? That means poor people would never be found in those establishments.  That means poor people would be kept far away.  To remind you, I grew up fairly poor.  And that is why I wanted to offer the Chef’s Hawker Centre.  I wanted to offer a middle price point where it wasn’t an elitist thing.  It was people from all walks of life that can join and eat, and share a table.  It’s very Oakland.  Even though it’s very Asian.  I take that across the nation.  Especially with the current political climate.  Everyone is very divided.  Everyone is very angry at each other.  Everybody has their own reasons to be upset and I think most importantly after we get angry the next step is to stop and listen.  Start to understand.  Have compassion for each other.  I think a great way to do that is at the dining table.  

How do you find the different Chefs?

Every city I go to I try to do four seatings.  Two per day. I would cook at at least one of those sittings.  Just so there is a feature.  Partnering with other Chefs, sponsored by Cochan555 and Feastly among other key brands which keeps the price point and the impact on the consumer low.  It’s $99 for nine courses, alcohol included, it’s a great deal.  It’s a very creative, outside of the box model, mainly for me personally to build my consumer base.  It’s a way to market and I think it is cheaper to do that and more efficient to do that because I’m personally connecting with diners, not just through the dinners, but also through social media with a story attached.

Thank you for sitting down to interview with us!

OutVoo is available for download in the App Store.  

[thevintager]

Originally published in Dec 2017.

It is no coincidence that one of the first hawker stalls ever to boast a Michelin star serves Bak Chor Mee — a humble noodle and pork dish rumoured to be of Teochew origin and now wholly adopted by Singapore.

Springy noodles are tossed in a salty-sour sauce of black vinegar, pork lard, chilli and soy sauce, and topped with marinated minced pork plus a host of other ingredients. It has to be culinary alchemy of some kind because a bowl of Bak Chor Mee is so much more than the sum of its parts. Complex in taste, it is a conduit to childhood nostalgia, delicious sustenance in the middle of an office day, or sometimes, a semblance of control. When nothing else in life seems to be moving to your will, there’s a bowl of comforting Bak Chor Mee, waiting to be ordered just the way you like it. Dry or broth-y? Thin egg-noodle (mee kia) or flat (mee pok)? Pork heavy—what many call the purist version—with sliced pork, pork liver, pork balls, and pork dumplings, or perhaps, the fish-leaning version with sliced fish cake, fish balls and fish dumpling (herh keow)?

In Singapore, partisan politics don’t evoke as much contention as the debate over which is the best Bak Chor Mee stall. And there is much to pick from. Almost every hawker centre, coffee shop, and food court has a minced pork noodle stall, sometimes two. Local aficionados hotly debate over the good ones, comparing notes on the texture of the noodles, the right balance of condiments in the sauce and just how perfectly the minced pork is cooked. The best stalls often have wait times extending more than an hour and they’re always worth the wait.

In this latest episode of Makan Makan Faceoff, we follow Chef Mac to his favorite Bak Chor Mee stall—Boon Kee Noodle Store in Tong Bee Coffee Shop at Jalan Senang. For more than 40 years, the same family has served regulars bowl after bowl of Bak Chor Mee, with beautifully marinated minced pork, bouncy saito fishballs made with yellowtail, tender yet toothsome noodles and a side of soup. Watch the video and be ready to salivate!

This article was originally published at this link https://globalcooklab.com/2017/12/20/bak-chor-mee-singapores-king-of-noodles/.

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[southeastasianists]

Lunchtime, 12 p.m. Hordes of office workers stream out of air-conditioned glass buildings in the heart of Singapore’s Central Business District toward Amoy Street Hawker Centre. There, they wait in snaking queues at rows of stalls, each operated by a hawker who often specialises in just one dish, such as char siew (Cantonese barbecued pork) or rojak (an assorted fruit and vegetable salad dish, doused with a sweet and spicy peanut sauce). The smell of spices, fried garlic, and caramelized meat mingles with the dark aroma of kopi tarik (sweet and rich pulled coffee), and the sounds are a melody of conversation, noodles being stirred, and hurried chops of the cleaver.

Singapore has often been described as a food paradise, and its hawker centres, of which there are more than 100, are the city-state’s most visible symbol of its highly democratic culinary scene. Tourists and visiting chefs head to the street markets to feast on Singaporean foods, whose multi-ethnic influences reflect the population: Peranakan Chinese, South Indian, and Malay. But with a plate of chicken rice costing around $3, hawker fare is a staple diet for a majority of Singaporeans—affordable, accessible, and delicious.

Despite this celebration of hawker food by both locals and visitors, beloved dishes are in danger of disappearing, threatening a crucial part of local culture and identity. Experienced hawkers are in their twilight years, and are retiring without passing their knowledge and skills to a successor.

Hawking first became a popular career option in the 1950s and 1960s, during Singapore’s post-war years, as it provided informal employment for residents during a time when jobs were scarce and the city was poor. By the end of the 1960s, roughly 24,000 hawkers, selling delicious and affordable street grub, were feeding a population of 1.7 million.

But the unregulated expansion of hawking led to hygiene and congestion issues. Hawkers roved open spaces and streets, selling home-cooked wares. The combination of diverse offerings—Javanese tempeh, Cantonese congees, Teochew porridges—that could be obtained instantly made them popular. But one such area, Ellenborough Market, which was called Teochew Market due to hawkers in the area, was razed by a fire in 1968, and food poisoning cases were common.

The government intervened, grouping hawkers in designated wet markets, or pasars in the Malay language. The open-air buildings, with individual stalls and designated sitting areas, became known as hawker centres. By the mid-1980s, the roughly 140 hawker centres across Singapore had become an institution. The number of hawkers continued to grow, as did their renown. In 2016, Chan Hon Meng’s soya chicken rice, which costs less than three dollars, earned him a Michelin star. But ask any Singaporean, and they’ll gladly debate which stall sells the best hokkien mee (wok fried prawn noodles) or laksa.

When Singapore’s hawker scene first developed, the city was in the process of rapidly transforming from a manufacturing hub to a well-functioning, cosmopolitan city. Decades of booming growth have since created millionaires (and inequality), an enviable skyline, and a pricey real estate market, making the continued existence of world-class food for three dollars a minor miracle. But the contradiction may not be able to last much longer.

One major threat to hawkers is competition from mall food courts—even though their offerings are less appealing. Unlike in hawker centres, where the food is typically cooked by self-employed stallholders, food court staff are hired, temporary, and given few training opportunities. But Singapore is a city so hot and humid that Lee Kuan Yew, the longtime prime minister, described air conditioning as the most important factor in the country’s growth. Shopping malls are curated for comfort and convenience—one can shop for groceries, enjoy an afternoon kopi, and find fusion burritos, all under one climate-controlled roof.

Yet the greatest challenge is that fewer cooks are taking up the hawker trade, which is an increasingly expensive proposition. The government owns the centres and auctions off leases for open spaces, with popular areas going for a premium. But after outbidding others, new hawkers have to compete with veterans, who pay less for their real estate—a legacy of the intervention that moved hawkers off the streets and into markets in the 1960s. Given the opportunities provided by Singapore’s economic growth, younger generations are also deterred by the long hours, physical demands, and less-than-desirable pay.

Consider the simple kaya toast found at Ah Seng Hainam coffee, an institution tucked away in Amoy Street Hawker Centre. The locale has been serving a Hainanese-style local breakfast since the 1950s, which typically includes kaya toast, two soft boiled eggs, and Nanyang coffee. After 60 years, owner Wong Ah Loke still insists on making breakfast the traditional way. He and his wife go to the stall at 4 a.m. every day to set up a charcoal fire, using the embers to warm up toast and heat the coffee percolators. While they no longer roast their coffee beans, they still make kaya from scratch, mixing coconut milk, eggs, sugar, and pandan leaf to make the distinctive green jam. Along with other touches, such as the charcoal embers, and the coffee style of mixing robusta beans with margarine, sugar, and maize, this is why customers keep coming to their stall.

If new owners take shortcuts, critical facets of hawker culture will be chipped away. KF Seetoh, founder of the hawker food guide Makansutra, laments that “new hawkers are hard to find, few and far between.” Already several dishes, such as Cantonese loh kai yik (stewed chicken wings) and the Hainanese yi buah (sweet glutinous rice cakes, with coconut fillings), are in danger of dying out. “More food will disappear as skills are lost,” says Seetoh, who notes that new hawkers want to sell what’s easy, focusing on quantity over quality. ”It’s about business today, not dedication and passion.”

The Singapore government is conscious of the threats to hawker culture. Earlier this year, Singapore’s prime minister, Lee Hsien Loong, announced a bid to make hawker centres places of protected cultural heritage under UNESCO. Other initiatives aim to educate the younger generation and attract them to the hawker trade. There are also calls for a new hawker centre management model that reduces capital costs for hawkers and is oriented around their role providing affordable meals to the public.

This phenomenon isn’t unique to Singapore—other cities, such as Hong Kong, are seeing street market culture disappear. But hawkers have long been symbols of resilience. Wong is optimistic that future generations will continue their traditions, even if they tweak their practices to adapt with the times. “As long as one does [one’s work] well and continues to persist,” he tells me, “traditions and skills will continue to be preserved and passed on.”

[alvinmarktan]

The locals in China call this Biang Biang Noodles. The word "biang" refers to the sound made by the chef when he creates the noodles by pulling the dough and slapping it on the table. . . . . . . . . #watercolouringfood #sketchingfood #sketchbook #sketchbookskool #sketchbookart #sketcher #sketchartist #sketch #illustration #aquarelle #watercolour #watercolor #inspiration #НевскаяПалитра #スケッチ #urbansketchersg #sketchingfood #hakka #vegetarian #thunderteakolomee #biangbiangnoodles #西安印象#biangbiangmian (at People's Park Hawker Centre) https://www.instagram.com/p/CffwwRML_bV/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[victorl0]

Good news for fans of Chef Kin HK Wanton Noodle! 📣 Chef Kin HK Wanton Noodles has opened its most central and auspicious eighth location at Lavender on 21st June 2022, bringing his heart-warming bowls of noodles to the people working downtown. Most locals in Singapore love mala and so Chef Kin decided to create a new dish – HK Wantons with Black Vinegar & Chili Oil (红油抄手) at S$4.50, which is not commonly found in coffee shops and hawker centres. Featured dishes: 🥢 HK Wantons with Black Vinegar & Chili Oil (红油抄手) at S$4.50 - Vibrant and flavourful, Chef Kin’s famed silky juicy wantons are doused in tangy black vinegar and chili oil sauce. This aromatic combination delivers a perfect balance of sweet, garlicky, tangy, and spicy flavours, making it a tantalizing side dish. Simply irresistible, you will love this delicious and mouthwatering wantons! 🔥🔥 👍🏻😋😋 🍝 HK Dumpling Noodle ($5) - A twist on the classic, featuring dumplings packed with bamboo shoots and black fungus for that extra texture. 👍🏻😋 🍜 HK Wanton Noodle Soup (S$5) - A classic bowl filled with plump wantons, springy duck egg noodles and umami-laden broth. 👍🏻😋 To ride on this momentous occasion and to bring ‘8’ (prosperity and good fortunes) to everyone, Chef Kin will be offering an exclusive bundle deal island-wide on 27th and 28th June 2022, where you can purchase their popular Wanton or Dumpling noodles accompanied with the new HK Wantons with Black Vinegar & Chili Oil (红油抄手) at just S$8 (U.P. S$9.50). ✨ GIVEAWAY ✨ Chef Kin is also giving away S$100 Grab Vouchers to 3 lucky winners. Just follow the 3 easy steps below for a chance to win: 1. Follow @chefkinhkwantonnoodle on Facebook and Instagram. 2. Post a photo/video of you or/and your friends savouring our newest dish HK Wantons with Black Vinegar & Chilli Oil 红油抄手 (PS. a fun or quirky video/photo stands a greater chance!). 3. Tag a friend with hashtag #ChefKin红油抄手 (for them to capture your entry). Submissions will end on 30th June 2022 at 2359hrs. Equal chance on Facebook & Instagram posts. No limit to number of posts per person. Winners need to be residing in Singapore to receive the Grab Vouchers. (at 808 French Road) https://www.instagram.com/p/CfLxLyOB9Tp/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[bestmaldiveswatervilla]

Kudavillingili Resort is one of the classiest and fun vacation spots in all of Maldives. The resort houses several accommodation options from water villas to beach villas with the most luxurious facilities and look. Kudavillingili also has amazing food from a diverse range of restaurants offering food from many different cuisines. But the best part is the awesome experiences and recreational activities they offer. Spending your vacation in Kudavillingili Resort would surely be a dream come true. Here’s a special list of the remarkable experiences in this resort that you just shouldn’t miss.

Sky Haven and Water villas

Kudavillingili Resort has several stay options that include Beach villas with a pool, Water villas with a pool, and Sky Haven. My personal recommendations and probably the best among these would be Sky Haven and Water villa. The Sky Haven is an extremely fancy and elegant penthouse with the finest amenities and furnishing. Staying there would make you feel like royalty. Staying at their water villas is simply an aesthetic experience that you can relish for the rest of your life. Imagine enjoying the sunset from the pool of your private villa which is located in the middle of the ocean. The night sky would be an even more splendid view to witness. So, visit Kudavillingili Resort at least once to appreciate such pleasurable experiences.

Delish dining options

The resort has 3 different types of dining facilities that provide various varieties of food.

‘The Hawkers’ which is located near Kudavillingili’s marvelous swimming pool is an upscale food court serving several different cuisines along with refreshing new fusion attempts that would surely make your taste buds tinkle. The unique aspect of ‘The Hawkers’ is their family sharing option that allows us to share our food amongst ourselves, unlike most restaurants that disapprove of sharing. This makes the whole eating experience a lot of fun and bonded.

‘The restaurant’ is another food outlet located on the beachfront offering you the best views while you enjoy your food. This place is only for breakfast and dinner and serves food based on three interesting themes: Fire, Earth, and Ocean. Don’t miss out on this unique culinary experience while you visit Kudavillingili Resort.

‘The Beachbar’ is the most fun-filled restaurant among the 3 which serves delicious South American dishes alongside the beach. They also have some must-try cocktail varieties and wine. The restaurant always has live DJ sets to get your grooves on and take the enjoyment to the next level.

In case you’re planning on a date with your partner or want some alone time with just your family Kudavillingili’s private dining option is just perfect. You can get the most sophisticated chefs to cook you your personalized dishes and plan your meal just the way you want. The resort staff would help you set up the place of dining in the most elegant way possible.

For those who prefer dining at the comforts of your villas Kudavillingili Resort also offers in-room dining.

Recreational activities

Kudavillingili Resort offers a myriad of fun activities that would keep you occupied for your entire trip. They are as follows:

150m swimming pool with a shaded jacuzzi, lounge pool, and children-friendly pool. This is the largest pool in all of ‘The Maldives’.

The resort has many indoor and outdoor game options like volleyball, tennis, chess, billiard, and table tennis which you can play and enjoy with your friends.

Kuda Fiyo Island playground is a specially designed play area for kids with many activities and games planned just for them. The activities not only keep your kids entertained but also improve their imagination.

Kudavillingili Resort has an amazing Spa and massage centre offering many massage options and beauty treatments.

Enjoy the perks of Kudavillingili’s gym and wellness centres with no additional charges.

The best part of all their activities is their water games. You can go surfing, wakeboarding, jet-skiing, kayaking, snorkeling, scuba diving, marine adventures, and more all from one place.

The resort also offers several musical weekly entertainments with in-house DJs and performers.

Get beautiful fashion accessories and souvenirs from the ’Retail Village’ as memories from your vacation.

Kudavillingili Resort is a whole package of fun and joy. It’s a perfect vacation destination with a lot of activities. Hence, remember to plan your stay properly so that you don’t miss out on any of the enjoyment. For more information and booking.................... visit https://kudavillingili.com/?utm_source=glopss&utm_medium=partners&utm_source=glopss&utm_medium=partners&utm_content=IN

[architectnews]

Villa Pamphili Hotel Rome, Italy

Villa Pamphili Hotel Rome Refurbishment, Italian Capital Accommodation Building, Italy Interior Photos

Villa Pamphili Hotel Rome Renovation

15 July 2021

Villa Pamphili Hotel Rome Renewal

Architects: Dexter Moren Associates

Location: Roma, Italy

Dexter Moren Associates unveils wellness-oriented approach at Villa Pamphili Hotel in Rome

After three years, an investment of over 25 million euros and a complete renovation, Villa Pamphili Hotel in Rome has reopened its doors on 1st July. Surrounded by a flourishing urban park in the Valle dei Casali, the interior redesign for Villa Pamphili was devised and delivered by international hospitality design expert Dexter Moren Associates’ (DMA) interiors team and positions the hotel as a reference point for an international clientele looking for the comfort of a resort just a few steps from the centre of Rome.

Villa Pamphili Hotel is owned by Antirion SGR through the Antirion Global Comparto Hotel fund, and is managed by Aries Group, a hotel management company specialising in the management of real estate assets with a tourist vocation.

The four-star hotel showcases more than 230 entirely redesigned rooms, offering a reinterpretation of the Italian style with a biophysical spatial approach, a swimming pool and a spa. The hotel also comprises an innovative 1600sq m conference centre, with 15 meeting rooms and a capacity of over 500 seats. To complete the offer, the hotel opens up to the city with its Terrazza Pamphili restaurant, located on the panoramic rooftop on the fifth floor of the structure.

DMA’s design for the scheme is inspired by the location and its villas, the local seventies architecture and the legendary Italian designer Gio Ponti. Lindsey Bean-Pearce, Partner, DMA Interiors, explains: “The concept for the hotel was directed by DMA’s ethos of developing a ‘neighbourhood story’ unique to the site – in this case, the location, the Mediterranean vibe and the existing seventies period architecture provided the inspiration for a ‘Miami beach’ feel.

This complemented the iconic Italian aesthetic; merging a city hotel (Urban) with a resort (Villa) to create a venue for local and international leisure and business guests to experience Rome’s abundant and multi-layered history while enjoying all the comforts of a wellness-oriented environment.” To create a strong connection with the outdoor landscape, DMA relocated the hotel’s existing bar to one end of the hotel’s ground floor, into a prominent location with a dedicated entrance, making the bar more accessible not only to guests but also to occasional visitors.

The warm peach ambience of the bar merges into a lobby lounge wrapping around to the terrace at the rear with views of the surrounding park. The rigidity of the existing travertine column grid is softened by the insertion of joinery pieces and benches to create cosy pockets of seating, while bookshelves help to screen the grand bold green staircase that leads to the lower ground restaurant.

Rich earthy terracotta shades, inspired by the local architecture and landscape, and timber finishes bring warmth and authenticity to the à la carte restaurant. The biophilic atmosphere of this F&B space is enhanced by the use of outdoor bistro chairs and planting to echo and connect to the rich foliage of the garden.

Bold stripes and contrasting Klein blue ceilings work together to ground the volumes of the main spaces, while handmade tiles frame the show kitchen where experienced chefs will complete the unique dining experience.

The standard guestrooms, influenced by the modern Italian design heritage, are composed of mint green and taupe colour blocking to the walls, punctuated by geometric painted artworks. The rectilinear lines of the slatted headboards contrast the curved joinery, itself topped with burgundy glass and accentuated with brass detailing, whilst bathrooms are transformed to provide a resort-style wellness experience.

The top floor suites are surrounded by balconies furnished with sun loungers and dining sets, enabling guests to enjoy the Mediterranean sunsets and the inspiring landscape. The space has been opened to make the most of the view through the floor-to-ceiling glazed windows, amplified by the use of full-height mirrors.

Unexpected geometric murals are the background of the bedroom spaces, utilising soft curved headboards and joinery to create a meandering journey. The curvilinear design sits in contrast with the diagonal stripes used in the bathrooms and walk-in closets, creating a harmonic balance of shapes and colours. These bathrooms feature walk-in showers and bath pods to allow the guests to enjoy views of the outdoors while inside. The pink tones of the textured tiles perfectly match the façade terracotta tones while timber framed vanities and shelving echo the biophilic context of the resort.

Ofer Arbib, CEO of Antirion SGR, comments: “The reopening of the Villa Pamphili Hotel is a particularly significant moment for our company, but also for the city of Rome, which will certainly see the return of a flow of international tourists in the second half of the year. We are proud of the result we have achieved thanks to the collaboration with highly professional and competent stakeholders, and we are also proud to undertake this new adventure with a manager like Aries – a reliable and experienced partner.”

Images © Dexter Moren Associates

Dexter Moren Associates

Dexter Moren Associates is an award-winning practice of 70 architecture and interior design specialists, working right across the hospitality spectrum. Over the past 29 years in business we have established a world-renowned reputation as leaders in hospitality design, based on our ability to deliver intelligent, creative and bespoke solutions which meld both developer and operator requirements.

With a design-led ethos of ‘creating places people want to stay’, we have taken our hospitality experience into other sectors including resorts, serviced apartments, build-to-rent, co-living and co-working. We are passionate, commercially astute and committed to producing beautiful buildings and interiors that respond to location and context.

Antirion SGR

Antirion is an independent Asset Management Company (SGR in Italian – “Società di Gestione del Risparmio”), focused on the establishment and management of real estate alternative investment mutual funds, that are closed-end type and reserved to institutional investors. Antirion operates with a broad vision based on the differentiation of investments, both in terms of geography and asset class, and with a deep experience which is able to satisfy the needs of each individual shareholder.

Aries Group

Aries Group is a hotel management company specialized in the management of real estate assets with tourist vocation, such as hotels and residences, in the main Italian destinations. The experience gained by the founding partners in the hospitality sector allows them to enhance the value of properties, maintaining a high profitability in their sector. The current portfolio of the group consists of 4 hotels located in the major Italian cities, with a total of 1,640 rooms. The development of a hotel hospitality project, which is made in Italy and chooses the customer centrality, the Italian gastronomy, the organizational platform, and the work team as distinctive elements, is guided by the founding values of the Group, which are solidity, reputation, flexibility, innovation, care, and hospitality.

Villa Pamphili Hotel Rome Building Renovation images / information received 150721 from Architects Dexter Moren Associates

Location: Roma, Italy

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Aura Valle Aurelia Rome Shopping Centre Architects: Design International image courtesy of architects Aura Valle Aurelia Rome Shopping Centre

Olgiata Shopping Plaza, Via Cassia, Design: LAD (Laboratorio di Architettura e Design) Olgiata Shopping Plaza Rome Building

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Hawkers Rome Store, near Plaza de España Architects: CuldeSac photograph : Luigi Filetici Hawkers Rome Store

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City of Sun, near Via della Lega Lombarda & Tiburtina Station, East Rome Architects: Labics photograph : Marco Cappelletti City of Sun in Rome

BNL-BNP Paribas Real Estate Group Headquarters, Tiburtina Design: 5+1AA Alfonso Femia Gianluca Peluffo architectures, Italy photo © Luc Boegly BNL-BNP Paribas Group HQ in Rome

Stadio Flaminio – Grant Design: Pier Luigi Nervi photograph © Oscar Savio. Courtesy Pier Luigi Nervi Project Association, Brussels Stadio Flaminio Rome Building

Rome architecture : contemporary buildings

Comments for the Villa Pamphili Hotel Rome Building Renovation design by Dexter Moren Associates Architects, UK, page welcome

The post Villa Pamphili Hotel Rome, Italy appeared first on e-architect.

[margdarsanme]

NCERT Class 11 Entrepreneurship Chapter 4 Entrepreneurship as Innovation and Problem Solving

NCERT Class 11 Entrepreneurship Solutions for Chapter 4 Entrepreneurship as Innovation and Problem Solving

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED.

Question 1. Answer each of these questions in about 15 words:(i) Name any two institutions involved in Entrepreneurship Development Program.(ii) Who is a social entrepreneur?(iii) What are insurable risks?(iv) What are non-insurable risks?(v) What is economic barrier?(vi) Give an example of a social entrepreneur.Answer: (i) 1. National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD).2.Indian Institute for Entrepreneurship.3.National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (NIMSME).(ii) According to Martin and Osberg, “The Social Entrepreneur aims for value in the form of large-scale transformational benefit that accrues either to a significant segment of society or to society at large.” Moreover, “The social entrepreneur targets his/her programs at the underserved, neglected, or highly disadvantaged population that lacks the financial means or political clout to achieve the transformative benefit on its own.”(iii) These are the risks which are related to life and property against fire, theft, accidents, etc. They are covered and protected by insurance.(iv) These are the risks whose probability cannot be determined and which cannot be insured against. For example: Fluctuations in price and demand. These are further divided into two types(a) Internal Risks: Those risks which arise from the events taking place within the business enterprise.(b) Business risks: These are of a diverse nature and arise due to innumerable factors. These risks can be insurable or non-insurable.(v) The factors of production land, labour, capital, material, etc. contribute equally towards the development of entrepreneurship in any country. If all the factors are readily available to the entrepreneurs, then entrepreneurship is naturally promoted and developed. But if any of the factor of production are not available or not readily available or available in inadequate quality and quantity, they can become barriers to entrepreneurship.(vi) (a) Vinoba Bhave: He was the founder of the Bhudaan Andolan, which resulted in redistribution of more than 7,000,000 acres of land to aid India’s untouchables and landless.(b) Ela Bhatt: She founded Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) in 1972 is a trade union of poor, unorganised, self-employed women who work as vendors, hawkers and labourers.

Question 2. Answer each of these questions in about 50 words:(i) What is business incubation?(ii) Explain business intelligence.(iii) List two examples of incubation centres in India(iv) Write about any two innovations which led to entrepreneurial ventures.(v) Differentiate between social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship.Answer: (i) Business incubation are programs designed to support the successful development of entrepreneurial ventures through an array of business support resources and services, developed and orchestrated by incubator management and offered both in the incubator and through its network of contacts. Business support resources and services comprises of providing physical space, capital, coaching, networking connections, etc.(ii) Business intelligence is the ability of an organization to collect, maintain, and organize data.(iii) NZTE, Technology NZ.(iv) (a) Potato Chips:Aim: George Crum, a chef at the Carey Moon Lake House was trying to make a plate of fried potato.Creation: One day, a customer repeatedly sent back the plate of potatoes for more frying and having thinner fried potatoes. In anger Crum sliced the potatoes insanely thin and fried them until they were hard as a rock. On serving it to the customer, the customer loved it and wanted more. This is how potato chips came into existence.(b) The Pacemaker:Aim: John Hopps, an electrical engineer was trying to use radio frequency heating to restore body temperature.Creation: During his experiment, he realized that if a heart stopped beating due to cooling, it could be made to beat again by artificial stimulation. This led to the creation of pacemaker.(v) Following is the difference between Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship:(a) The entrepreneur’s final objective is wealth creation but for the social entrepreneur, wealth creation is simply a means to an end.(b) The entrepreneur participates in entrepreneurial venture with the aim of earning profit. On the other hand, the social entrepreneur participates in profit seeking business ventures if only to use the profits generated to create valuable social programs for the whole community.(c) Entrepreneur has individual motive of self-development whereas social entrepreneur has the motive of societal development.

Question 3. Answer each of these questions in about 75 words:(i) What is cloud computing?(ii) How did KFC begin its operations?(iii) Explain the various external factors which lead to business risk?(iv) Enumerate three ways as to how incubators help start-ups get funding.Answer: (i) The origin of the term cloud computing appears to be derived from the practice of using drawings of stylized clouds to denote networks in diagrams of computing and communications systems. The word cloud is used as a metaphor for the internet, based on the standardized use of a cloud-like shape to denote a network.Cloud computing helps the firms to upload all its data on to a cloud and then it can beused it remotely wherever it is required.(ii) In 1930, Sanders was operating a service station in Corby, USA and he observed that travellers who stopped for gas were normally hungry and they wanted to eat something. Sanders saw and understood the problem. He knew how to cook, and so he cooked chicken recipe for the travellers. This spicy chicken receipe became super hit among travellers. This prompted him to start a restaurant which was beginning of the world famous fast food chain “KFC – Kentucky Fried Chicken”.(iii) The various external factors which may give rise to such risks are as follows:1.Economic factors: These arise due to prevalent economic condition and changes in the prevailing market conditions. These can be of following types:

changes in demand

price fluctuations

changes in tastes and preferences of the consumers

changes in income, output or trade cycles

increased competition for the product

inflationary tendency in the economy

rising unemployment

fluctuations in world economyFor example: Audio cassette player to CD player

2.Natural factors: These are the unforeseen natural calamities like earthquake, flood, famine, cyclone, lightening, etc. These may cause loss and damage to life and property. Entrepreneurs have very little or no control. For example, the land slide in Uttarakhand damaged the business and have adversely affected the whole economy of the State.

3.Political factors: These are due to political changes in a country like

fall or change in the Government,

communal violence

civil war

hostilities with the neighbouring countries.

changes in Government policies and regulations

4.Change in taste and preference: Tastes change with the change of time and factors.For example: Earlier home made food was preferred and fast food was considered as luxury. In the present scenario, there has been an increase for the liking towards fast food.(iv)Incubators help the companies/firms to secure capital in the following ways:

Helps in connecting companies with angel investors (high-net-worth individual investors).

Working with companies to perfect venture capital presentations and connecting them to venture capitalists.

Helping and guiding companies in applying for loans.

Helping and guiding companies in accessing government agency.

Question 4.Answer each of these questions in about 150 words:(i) Explain the various internal factors which lead to business risk?(ii) Explain in detail the personal barriers.(iii) Explain.(a) Smart, (b) Explain Information Collection as new business forms.Answer: (i) Every business organization contains various risk elements while doing the business.Business risks implies uncertainty in profits or danger of loss and the events that could pose a risk due to some unforseen events in fugure, which causes business to fail. The Business risk is classified into different 5 main types:

Strategic Risk: They are the risks associated with the operations of that particular industry. These kind of risks arise from

Business Environment: Buyers and sellers interacting to buy and sell goods and services, changes in supply and demand, competitive structures and introduction of new technologies.

Transaction: Assets relocation of mergers and acquisitions, spin-offs, alliances and joint ventures.

Investor Relations: Strategy for communicating with individuals who have inverted in the business.

2. Financial Risk: These are the risks associated with the financial structure and transactions of the particular industry.3. Operational Risk: These are the risks associated with the operational and administrative procedures of the particular industry.4. Compliance Risk (Legal Risk): These are risks associated with the need to comply with the rules and regulations of the government.5. Other Risks: There would be different risks like natural disaster(floods) and others depend upon the nature and scale of the industry.

(ii) Following are the personal barriers to entrepreneurship:1. Perceptual: Perceptual barriers that can adversely affect the progress of an entrepreneur and the enterprise. Lack of proper knowledge, lack of clear vision, misunderstanding of a situation, etc. can result in a faulty decisions. These features leave the entrepreneur with limited options and stubbornness in the decisions.2. Motivational: Regular motivation is an essential for keeping the same tempo in the enterprise. Lack of motivation becomes a strong barrier to entrepreneurship. Many entrepreneurs start with enthusiasm, but when they face some difficulties in the execution of their plans, they lose motivation.(iii) (a) Smart Mobility: Those devices which are mobile help in the growth of business.Smart mobility is changing the way people interact. Smart devices have become a part of our lives. It includes Mobiles, smart phones, I-pads, I-phones, etc.In the last quarter of 2010, sales of smart phones overtook the sale of Personal Computers for the first time.

By 2014, more smart devices could be used to access the internet than traditional computers.

More mobile world is creating new players and new opportunities for a variety of industries.

Smart mobility will enable firms to profit more quickly from new technology.

(b) Need of customer detail: In order to attract a customer, the entrepreneurs haveto know the customer in detail so that they can know about those customers who are loyal to their product and the company. ,Understanding taste and preference of customers: Information collected about the customers related to age, regularity of customer to the shop, preference of purchase, etc. enable the firm to understand the taste and preference of the customer so that customer services can be improved in a better way. Competition: Firms are now competing on analytics to differentiate themselves. The growing number of methods of data collection, growing number of data collecting firms, ways of analysis are generating immense quantities of information.

Question 5. Answer each of these questions in about 250 words:(i) Enumerate the characteristics of social entrepreneurs.(ii) Explain in detail three new forms of business which is created because of technological changes.(iii) Explain ‘barriers to entrepreneurship’.Answer: (i) Social entrepreneurs have following characteristics:1. Social Catalysts: Social entrepreneurs are the visionaries who create fundamental, social changes by reforming social systems and creating sustainable improvements. Their efforts and actions have the potential to bring global improvements in the various fields like education, health care, economic development, the environment, the arts, etc.2. Socially aware: Social improvement, is the ultimate goal of the social entrepreneurs. The success of their efforts is measured by their social changes and impact on various social groups of the society.3. Opportunity-seeking: Social entrepreneurs view every obstacle as an opportunity. They develop their business on the same grounds.4. Innovative: Social entrepreneurs are creative, willing to think differently and ready to apply ideas to new situations. They see failures as learning opportunities.5. Resourceful: Social entrepreneurs’ visions are not limited by the resources which they acquire or have but they actively expand their resource pool through positive collaboration with others.6. Accountable: Social entrepreneurs are accountable to their beneficiaries like customers, investors, etc. and they often take measures to keep themselves on the right track by asking themselves,—Am I creating value for the people I am serving? Do I understand their needs?(ii) (A) Business intelligence: Sales data during an off season discount produceslarge amounts of information. This can be use for developing new opportunities. Implementing an effective strategy for the new opportunity for gaining competitive edge and having long-term stability.The importance of business intelligence is as follows:(a) Strategy: Business intelligence is used to make better strategic decisions.(b) Data: Business intelligence, enables organizations to gather quantifiable data on each area of the organization.(c) Analysis: Business intelligence, enables organizations to analyse data in a way that yields information they can act on.(d) Efficiency: It helps firms to enhance decision-making, improve performanceand mitigate risk.(B) Smart Mobility: Those devices which are mobile help in the growth of business. Smart mobility is changing the way people interact. Smart devices have become a part of our lives. It includes mobiles, smart phones, I-pads, I-phones, etc.

In the last quarter of 2010, sales of smart phones overtook the sale of Personal computers for the first time.

By 2014, more smart devices could be used to access the internet than traditional computers.

More mobile world is creating new players and new opportunities for a variety of industries.

Smart mobility will enable firms to profit more quickly from new technology.

(iii) (a) Environmental Barriers to Entrepreneurship Following are the environmental barriers:1. Economic: The factors of production land, labour, capital, material, etc. contribute equally towards the development of entrepreneurship in any country. If all the factors are readily available to the entrepreneurs, then entrepreneurship is naturally promoted and developed. But if any of the factor of production are not available or not readily available or available in inadequate quality and quantity, they can2. Social: Sociological factors such as religion, caste structure, age groups, standard of living, mobility of labour, cultural heritage, respect for senior citizens, values, etc. have a deep impact on business. In India, attitudes have changed with respect to food and clothing, due to changes in educational pattern, rise in standard of living, increase in literacy rate among men and women, employment of women in factories and offices, etc. Due to it there is growth of food processing and garment manufacturing units.3. Cultural: Every society has its own culture, cultural values, customs, beliefs and norms. If the culture of a society is encouraging creativity and risk-taking, entrepreneurship gets encouragement leading to development.4. Political: Political factor provides the legal framework for the functioning of the enterprises in the economy. Political environment poses challenge in front of entrepreneurs. Political environment is affected by political parties, stability of the government, government’s interference in business world, taxation and subsidies policies, etc.(b) Personal barriers. Following are the personal barriers to entrepreneurship:1. Perceptual: Perceptual barriers that can adversely affect the progress of an entrepreneur and the enterprise. Lack of proper knowledge, lack of clear vision, misunderstanding of a situation, etc. can result in a faulty decisions. These features leave the entrepreneur with limited options and stubbornness in the decisions.2. Motivational: Regular motivation is an essential for keeping the same tempo inthe enterprise. Lack of motivation becomes a strong barrier to entrepreneurship. Many entrepreneurs start with enthusiasm, but when they face some difficulties in the execution of their plans, they lose motivation.

Question 6. Higher Order Thinking SkillsApplication based exercise:Explain the success story of Lijjat Papad.Answer: Lijjat Papad

Started with a loan of Rs 80, the cooperative now has annual sales exceeding ? 301 crore.

Lijjat was the brain child of seven Gujarati women from Bombay (now Mumbai).

The women lived in Lohana Niwas, a group of five buildings in Girgaum. They wanted to start a venture to create a sustainable livelihood using the only skill they had i.e. cooking.

The women borrowed Rs 80/- from Chhaganlal Karamsi Parekh, a member of the Servants of India Society and a social worker.

 They took over papad making venture which was running in loss owned by Laxmidas Bhai, and bought the necessary ingredients and the basic infrastructure required to manufacture papads.

On March 15, 1959, they gathered on the terrace of their building and started with the production of 4 packets of papads. They started selling the papads to a known merchant in Bhuleshwar.

 Initially, the women were making two different qualities of papads, in order to sell the inferior one at a cheaper rate.

Chaganbapa advised them to make a standard papad and asked them never to compromise on quality.

 Lijjat expanded as a cooperative system. Initially, even younger girls could join, but later eighteen was fixed as the minimum age of entry.

Within three months there were about 25 women making papads.

Soon the women bought some equipment for the business, like utensils, cupboards, stoves, etc. In the first year, the organization’s annual sales were ? 6196/-. The broken papads were distributed among neighbours.

During the first year, the women had to stop production for four months during the rainy season as the rains would prevent the drying of the papads. The next year, they solved the problem by buying a cot and a stove. The papads were kept on the cot and the stove below the cot so that the process of drying could take place in spite of the rains.By the second year of its formation, 100 to 150 women had joined the group, and by the end of the third year it had more than 300 members. The members were called as Ben/Sister.

 They have accountants in every branch and every centre has to maintain daily accounts.

Profit (or loss, if any) is shared among all the members of that branch.They have a committee of 21, that decides how the profits are to be distributed.

Each branch calculates its profit and divides it equally among all its members.

 Mumbai has 12,000 members, the rest of Maharashtra has 22,000, and Gujarat has between 5,000 to 7,000 members.Exports alone account for ? 10 crores.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

I. Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Marks]

Question 1.What are the distinguishing marks of an entrepreneur?Answer:  Creativity and innovation are the distinguishing marks of the entrepreneur.

Question 2.How was Ink-Jet Printer created?Answer:  A Canon engineer accidently rested his hot iron on his pen, ink was ejected from the pens point a few moments later. This principle led to the creation of the inkjet printer for the world.

Question 3.What is Social Entrepreneurship? Answer:  According to J. Gregory Dees, Social entrepreneurship is which combines the passion of a social mission with an image of business-like discipline, innovation, and determination.

Question 4.Who is a Social Entrepreneur in the words of Martin & Osberg?Answer: According to Martin and Osberg, “The Social Entrepreneur aims for value in the form of large-scale transformational benefit that accrues either to a significant segment of society or to society at large.” Moreover, the social entrepreneur targets his/her programs at the underserved, neglected, or highly disadvantaged population that lacks the financial means or political clout to achieve the transformative benefit on its own.”

Question 5. Who is referred as the father of Green Revolution?Answer: Father of Green Revolution in India is M.S. Swaminathan and in the world is Norman Borlang.

Question 6. How the social entrepreneurs improve their standard of living?Answer:  Social entrepreneur can assess a social problem and find a solution to remove poverty among the masses and thus improve their standard of living.

Question 7. Define Risk.Answer: Risk is the chance of loss and refers to the possibility of some adverse occurrence.

Question 8. What are external risks?Answer: External risks are the risks that arise due to the events occurring outside the firm or the business venture. These are beyond the control of entrepreneurs as they cannot be forecasted. Probability occurrence cannot be determined.

Question 9. What do you mean by Business Intelligence?Answer: Business intelligence is the ability of an organization to collect, maintain, and organize data.

Question 10. Explain Business Intelligence using example.Answer: Sales data during an off season discount produces large amounts of information. This can be used for developing new opportunities. Implementing an effective strategy for the new opportunity for gaining competitive edge and having long-term stability.

Question 11. What do you mean by Smart Mobility?-Answer:  Those devices which are mobile help in the growth of business. Smart mobility is changing the way the people interact. Smart devices have become a part of our lives. It includes mobiles, smart phones, I-pads, I-phones, etc.

Question 12. Cloud-based services is expected to grow sophisticatedly in the future. Give one example in support.Answer: By 2016, Gartner-a consultancy firm, expects all Forbes’ Global 2000 companies to use public cloud services, transforming much of the current IT hardware, software and database markets into infinitely flexible utilities.

Question 13. What is the future of cloud computing?Answer: Over time, cloud-based services is expected to grow sophisticatedly and is expected to evolve into full-scale business processes as a service. It enables the firms to reduce cost, increase efficiency and will enable the firms to reduce risk.

Question 14. What are the distinguishing marks of an entrepreneur?Answer: Creativity and innovation are the distinguishing marks of the entrepreneur.

Question 15. What do you understand by business risk?Answer: Business risk means the possibility of some favourable occurrence.

Question 16. How B.O. Wheeler has defined the term Business Risk?Answer: According to B.O. Wheeler, “Risk is the chance of loss. It is the possibility of some adverse occurrence”.

Question 17. ‘Fluctuations in price and demand’. Name the type of risk involved into it.Answer: The type of risk is non-insurable risk.

Question 18. What do you understand by social media?Answer: Social media refers to an interaction among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas between various people around the world and through networks.

Question 19. Give an example of economic barrier to entrepreneurship.Answer: If a prospective entrepreneur does not have access to capital for setting up his her new enterprise. He or she will feel discouraged to proceed further.

Question 20. How does systematic study of barriers helps an entrepreneur?Answer: Systematic study of barriers will lead to a proper understanding of the fields areas in which they occur.

Question 21. Write some qualities an entrepreneur must have to become a successful entrepreneur.Answer: Innovativeness, creativity and potential for hard work are some qualities an entrepreneur must have to become a successful entrepreneur.

Question 22. For an entrepreneur, what is the main motivating factor which urges them to continue in their entrepreneurial pursuit?Answer: For an entrepreneur, the main motivating factor which urges them to continue in their entrepreneurial pursuit is challenge.

Question 23. Which qualities enables the entrepreneurs to enjoy challenge?Answer: When the entrepreneurs are more intelligent, persistent and competent they enjoy a challenge.

Question 24. To be a successful entrepreneur, one has to have which quality?Answer: To be a successful entrepreneur, one has to be a problem solver.

Question 25. Who is an entrepreneur?Answer: Any person who undertakes risks, enjoys challenge and habitually creates and innovates to build something of recognised value around perceived opportunities can be referred as entrepreneur.

Question 26. Why are entrepreneurs called problem solvers?Answer: Entrepreneurs take efforts to solve problems faced by the people due to which they are referred as problem solvers. When one problem is solved a new commodity is created i.e. a new value is created.

II. Short Answer Type Questions [2/3 Marks]

Question 1.Mention the features of problem solvers.Answer: Problem solvers:

take risks,

often create value by solving a problem faced by customer or market.

able to create a profitable enterprise.

the more or larger problems are solved by them, the more profit they generate.

Question 2. Describe the beginning of world famous fast food chain KFC.OrHow did KFC begin its operations?Answer: In 1930, Sanders was operating a service station in Corby, USA and he observed that travellers who stopped for gas were normally hungry and they wanted to eat something. Sanders saw and understood the problem. He knew how to cook, and so he cooked chicken recipe for the travellers. This spicy chicken receipe became super hit among travellers. This prompted him to start a restaurant which was beginning of the world famous fast food chain “KFC – Kentucky Fried Chicken”.

Question 3. Give examples of problem solution.Answer: Following are the examples of problem solution:

Bigger boats were used for carrying more fishes.

Installation of freezers on the big boats for storing the fishes.

Installation of fish tanks for providing fresh fish in the market.

To improve taste of the fresh fish in the tank shark were kept along with the fishes.

Question 4. Describe one example explaining solving problems to meet the needs and wants of people.Or“Most entrepreneurial ventures have survived when they solve problems of people, understanding their needs and accordingly changing the product to their needs.” Give an example in the support of this statement.Answer: Dr. John Harvey Kellogg was superintendent of a famous hospital and health spa in Battle Creek, Michigan. His hospital stressed healthful living and kept its patients on a diet that eliminated caffeine, meat, alcohol and tobacco.One day, after cooking some wheat, the men were called away. When men returned, the wheat had become stale. They decided to force the tempered grain through the rollers anyway.But surprisingly, each wheat berry was flattened and came out as a thin flake. On baking the flakes and were realized that they have made a new invention i.e. a delicious cereal. Keith Kellogg, brother of Dr. Kellogg eventually opened his own cereal business which became the famous brand Kellogg’s Corn Flakes.

Question 5. Write in brief about creativity is a continuous activity for the entrepreneur.Answer: As creativity is a continuous activity for the entrepreneurs they keep on disturbing markets and keeps on challenging large established businesses. Entrepreneurs always see new ways of doing things with little concern creativity in the entrepreneur is a mixture of ability to innovate, to take the idea and make it work in practice. Once the project is accomplished, the entrepreneur look for new venture.

Question 6. How were Microwave Ovens created? Describe.Answer: Percy Spencer, an engineer was conducting a radar-related research project with a new vacuum tube. During his research he realized that the candy bar in his pocket began to melt during his experiments. On putting pop corn into the machine, the pop-corns are started to pop. This led to the creation of commonly used household item Microwave Oven.

Question 7. What is the difference between Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship?Answer: Following is the difference between Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship:

The entrepreneur’s final objective is wealth creation but for the social entrepreneur, wealth creation is simply a means to an end.

 The entrepreneur participates in entrepreneurial venture with the aim of earning profit. On the other hand, the social entrepreneur participates in profit seeking business ventures if only to use the profits generated to create valuable social programs for the whole community.

Entrepreneur has individual motive of self-development where as social entrepreneur has the motive of societal development.

Question 8. What are the similarities between Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship?Answer: Following are the similarities between Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship:

Creation: Both, entrepreneur and the social entrepreneur believe in creation of something new.

Profit: Both aim for earning profit from the venture.

Development: Both work for development of the society though with different motives.

Question 9.Why is there a growing need for Social Entrepreneurs?Answer: There is a growing need for Social Entrepreneurs because of following reasons:

Social problems: In the current economic crisis, financial pressures are becoming a reason for the increase of intensity of social problems such as poverty and unemployment.

Financial repercussions: According to J. Gregory Dees, social entrepreneurship is essential to reduce the financial consequences among vulnerable.

Creativity and Innovation: With pay-cuts and job losses a common phenomenon all over the world, the need of the present is new ideas, innovations, creative solutions and fresh perspectives. These new ideas, etc. have potential to deal with the changing market demands, emerging economies and a new world, economic order.

Question 10. Social entrepreneurs keep on asking themselves,—Am I creating value for the people I am serving? Do I understand their needs? Why did they do so?Answer: Social entrepreneurs do so:

to know how they are actually making an impact.

to reply to investors who want to know whether their contributions are indeed stimulating social improvements as was promised.

Question 11. What are the views of J. Gregory Dees on Social entrepreneurs as social catalysts?Answer:  According to J. Gregory Dees, though (Social entrepreneurs) they may act locally, their actions have the potential to stimulate global improvements in their chosen arenas, whether that is education, health care, economic development, the environment, the arts, or any other social field.

Question 12. Mention the functions performed by SEWA.Answer: Following functions are performed by SEWA:

Initially, SEWA provided the required capital to the co-operatives.

The members of the co-operatives share their skills and expertise, develop new tools, designs and techniques.

Members are engaged in joint marketing efforts.

SEWA is helping women to get regular employment, easy access to credit, childcare, healthcare facilities.

Question 13. Describe the various types of Risk Taking.Answer: Risk are of following types:

Insurable Risks: These are related to life and property against fire, theft, accidents etc.

Non-insurable: These are the risks whose probability cannot be determined and which cannot be insured against. For example: Fluctuations in price and demand. These are further divided into two types:(a) Internal Risks: Those risks which arise from the events taking place within the business enterprise.(b) Business risks: These are of a diverse nature and arise due to innumerable factors.These risks can be insurable or non-insurable.

Dynamic risks: Risks which are caused by changes in the economy are known as ‘dynamic risks’. These are generally less predictable because they do not appear frequently.

Question 14. Describe the types of risks on the basis of place of origin.Answer: On the basis of place of origin the risks are of two types:

Internal Risks: These risks arise from the events taking place within the firm during the ordinary course of a business. These can be forecasted. Their probability of occurrence can be determined. These are controllable.

Business Risks: These risks are of varied nature and may arise due to innumerable factors. These can either be insurable or non-insurable. The probability of an insurable risk can be determined. These risks can be forecasted.

Question 15. Give one example describing the role of technology in making the complex process easier.Answer: In Kenya, mobile phones are used to collect data and report on disease-specific issues from more than 175 health centres serving over 1 million people. This has reduced the cost of the country’s health information system by nearly 25%. The data is being obtained and collected very fast i.e. from four weeks to one week.

Question 16. Describe the role of Information Collection in the present business scenario?OrExplain Information Collection as new business forms.Answer:  Need of customer detail: In order to attract a customer, the entrepreneurs have to know the customer in detail so that they can know about those customers who are loyal to their product and the company.Understanding taste and preference of customers: Information collected about the customers related to age, regularity of customer to the shop, preference of purchase etc. enable the firm to understand the taste and preference of the customer so that customer services can be improved in a better way.Competition: Firms are now competing on analytics to differentiate themselves. The growing number of methods of data collection, growing number of data collecting firms, ways of analysis are generating immense quantities of information.

Question 7. What are the findings and suggestions of the IDC?Answer: IDC, a market research firm, suggests that:

the amount of digital information created each year will increase to 35 trillion gigabytesby 2020.

this will require 44 times more data storage than in 2009,

telemetric applications, similar to GPS (global positioning systems), will allow organizations to send, receive and store information via telecommunications devices while controlling remote objects,

telemetric applications are now being used in medical informatics, healthcare and other fields.

Question 18. Describe the importance of business intelligence.Answer: The importance of business intelligence is as follows:

Strategy: Business intelligence is used to make better strategic decisions.

Data: Business intelligence, enables organizations to gather quantifiable data on each area of the organization.

Analysis: Business intelligence, enables organizations to analyse data in a way that yields information they can act on.

Efficiency: It helps firms to enhance decision-making, improve performance and mitigate risk.

Question 19. Smart mobility is changing the way people interact. Support the statement.Answer:

In the last quarter of 2010, sales of smart phones overtook the sale of Personal Computers for the first time.

By 2014, more smart devices could be used to access the internet than traditional computers.More mobile world is creating new players and new opportunities for a variety of industries.

 Smart mobility will enable firms to profit more quickly from new technology.

Question 20. Explain the meaning of cloud computing.Answer: The origin of the term cloud computing appears to be derived from the practice of using drawings of stylized clouds to denote networks in diagrams of computing and communications systems. The word cloud is used as a metaphor for the internet, based on the standardized use of a cloud-like shape to denote a network.Cloud computing helps the firms to upload all its data on to a cloud and then it can be used it remotely wherever it is required.

Question 21. Describe the power of social media for the entrepreneurial ventures.Answer: The power of social media for the entrepreneurial ventures can be understood as under:

Needs and wants: Through the new possibilities for social listening, businesses are able to better understand the needs and wants of the customers.

Changes: More change are expected as the generation that has grown up with new technologies and instant information gratification joins the workforce after completing their desired educational attainment.

New form of businesses: Creation of new forms of business enterprises is expected in the near future which is going to change the way business ethics and the procedures.

Question 22. What is business incubation? Explain.Answer: Business incubation are programs designed to support the successful development of entrepreneurial ventures through an array of business support resources and services, developed and orchestrated by incubator management and offered both in the incubator and through its network of contacts. Business support resources and services comprises of providing physical space, capital, coaching, networking connections, etc.

Question 23. How do incubators help start-ups get funding?OrEnumerate three ways as to how incubators help start-ups get funding.Answer: Incubators help the companies/firms-to secure capital in following ways:

Helps in connecting companies with angel investors (high-net-worth individual investors).

Working with companies to perfect venture capital presentations and connecting them to venture capitalists.

Helping and guiding companies in applying for loans.

Helping and guiding companies in accessing government agency.

Question 24. Enlist some sector specific schemes run by the government for the growth and development of Entrepreneurship in India.Answer: Various sector specific schemes of the government are as follows:

Schemes implemented through KVIC (Khadi and Village Industries Commission)

Schemes implemented through Coir Board

Schemes for priority sector 4.Animal Husbandry Schemes

Dairy Development Schemes 6.Fisheries Development Schemes

Agriculture Development Schemes 8.Tea Board Schemes

Tourism Industry Schemes 10.Scientific and Engineering Research Schemes

Question 25. Name the factors giving rise to internal risk.Answer: The various factors giving rise to internal risk:

Human Factors: Due to involvement of human beings.

Technological Factors: Due to unforeseen changes in the techniques of production.

Physical Factors.

Question 26. Write down the features of insurable risk.Answer: 

Insurable risks are those which can be covered through different types of insurance policies.

The probability of an insurable risk can be determined, means can be forecasted.

It is related to life and property against fire, theft, riots, etc.

Question 27. Write down the features of internal risk.Answer: 

Internal risks are those risks which arise from the events taking place within the business enterprise.

 Such risks arise during the ordinary course of a business.

These risks can be forecasted and the probability of their occurrence can be determined.

They can be controlled by the entrepreneur to an appreciable extent.

Question 28. What is the outcome of human factor risk?Answer: They may result from:

strikes and lock-outs by trade unions;

negligence and dishonesty of an employee;

accidents or deaths in the industry;

incompetence of the manager or other important people in the organization.

Question 29. What is the outcome of natural factor risk?Answer:  They may result from:

Events like earthquake, flood, famine, cyclone, lightening, tornado, etc.

Such events may cause loss of life and property to the firm or they may spoil its goods.

Question 30. What is the outcome of political factor risk?Answer: They may result from:

Political changes in a country like fall or change in the Government, communal violence or riots in the country, civil war as well as hostilities with the neighbouring countries.

Changes in government policies and regulations may also affect the profitability and position of an enterprise.

Question 31. “The Gujarat earthquake caused irreparable damage not only to the business enterprises, but also adversely affected the whole economy of the State”. Name the risk factor involved in it.Answer: Risk is due to natural factor.

Question 32. “Emerging markets will create plenty of opportunities related to smart technology”. How? Explain with the help of an example.Answer: Emerging markets will create plenty of opportunities related to smart technology, by interconnecting with the world by providing more powerful devices and applications, at the same time introducing more cost-effective technology and meeting the demand of the consumers. In Kenya, for example, mobile phones are being used to collect data and report on disease-specific issues from more than 175 health centres serving over 1 million people. This technology has reduced the cost of the country’s health information system by 25% and cut the time needed to report the information from four weeks to one week.

Question 33. Name five government schemes implemented by the Government for entrepreneurs.Do you agree? How?Answer:  Yes, a conducive and stable political environment that encourages and rewards personal endeavour and hard work and favourable political policies can help and support the growth of entrepreneurial ventures in a country.

Question 34. What do you understand by dynamic risk? Give one example.Answer: Dynamic risk occurs due to changes in the economy like changes in demand for the product inflationary tendency in the economy, rising unemployment and fluctuations in the world economy and this type of risk are generally less predictable because they do not appear at regular intervals.For instance,

Due to market fluctuations, a well-known product of a firm may either lose its demand or may occupy a larger market share.

Black and White TV to Flat screen, high definition TV.

III. Short Answer Type Questions  [4 Marks]

Question 1. “Invention is the mother of necessity.” How does an entrepreneur proves this statement? Give some example.Answer: Following are the examples:

Bigger boats were used for carrying more fishes.

Installation of freezers on the big boats for storing the fishes.

Installation of fish tanks for providing fresh fish in the market.

To improve taste of the fresh fish in the tank shark were kept along with the fishes.

Question 2. “Creativity is a continuous activity for the entrepreneur”. Explain.Answer: As creativity is a continuous activity for the entrepreneurs they keep on disturbing markets and keeps on challenging large established businesses. Entrepreneurs always see new ways of doing things with little concern. Creativity in the entrepreneur is a mixture of ability to innovate, to take the idea and make it work in practice. Once the project is accomplished, the entrepreneur look for new venture.

Question 3. What are the different forms of social media used frequently by the people and how these tools are helpful?Answer: Here are the different forms of social media platforms today; Google, Facebook, Twitter, smart phones, tablets and e-readers, —MySpace, Orkut, Hi5, Linkedln 3.— technologies that originated in the consumer space, are now reshaping the way companies communicate and collaborate with employees, partners and customers.There is an increasing trend towards using social media tools that allow marketers to search, track, and analyze conversation on the web about their brand or about topics of interest.This can be useful in campaign tracking, allowing the user to measure return on investment competitor-auditing, and general public engagement. These changes will definitely lead to the creation of new forms of business enterprises which will surely change the way business will be conducted in the future scenario.

Question 4. State any four ways adopted by incubators to help resident companies securing capital. Flow?Answer: Incubators help resident companies secure capital in a number of ways:

Connecting companies with angel investors (high-net-worth individual investors).

Working with companies to perfect venture capital presentations and connecting them to venture capitalists.

Assisting companies in applying for loans.

Assisting companies in accessing government agency (example NZTE, Technology NZ) business assistance grant programmes.

Question 5. Name five government schemes implemented by the Government for entrepreneurs.Answer: Various government sehemes have been implemented for entrepreneurs by the government.

Schemes implemented by the Ministry of MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises).

SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) Micro Finance Programme.

Memorandum of Understanding (MOUs) with foreign countries.

MSME National Award Scheme.

NSIC Schemes (National Small Industries Corporation).

Question 6. Write down the main objectives of various Government Schemes for entrepreneurs.Answer: The main objectives/functions of the various Government schemes:

To provide financial assistance (long-term, medium term and short-term) to all forms of organization like sole tradership, partnership firms and joint stock company.

To provide financial assistance enterprises engaged in service sector.

To provide administrative and technical assistance for the promotion and expansion of the enterprise.

Question 7. Briefly discuss the personal barriers to entrepreneurship.Answer: The personal barriers to entrepreneurship can be classified into two types:

Motivational: Once the venture starts functioning, the obstacles faced in the initial stages can make the entrepreneurs to lose their commitment and consequently their level of motivation dips. The entrepreneurs who lack toughness and perseverance often quit.

Perceptional: Certain perception barriers can hamper the progress of the entrepreneur. Lack of a clear vision and misunderstanding can result in faulty perception. If the entrepreneur demands everything to be clear and well-defined in order to develop a perception, it will lead to disappointment. As entrepreneur’s world is basically disorderly and ambiguous, the people who excessively depend on order will find it a barrier to entrepreneurship.

Question 8. Cite any three ways in which political environment can work against the interest of entrepreneurs?Answer: The political environment can work against the interest of entrepreneurs in the following ways:

A political environment that is characterised by instability and insecurity will discourage entrepreneurs.

Political policies can retard the growth of entrepreneurial ventures in a country.

Excessive interference in the form of controls, delays etc. from the government can discourage prospective entrepreneurs.

Question 9. How does environment play an important role for entrepreneurship?Answer: In an entrepreneurial process, environment plays a vital role because all the opportunities exist in the environment and the entrepreneur is a part of it. A conducive environment throws up more entrepreneurs than an inhibiting environment.

Question 10. How can the economic environment create negative influence for an entrepreneur?Answer:The economic environment can create barriers for an entrepreneur because of the following reasons:

The capital for setting up the new venture is not accessible for the entrepreneur.

Non-availability of labour at reasonable cost.

If the labour market is unreliable and is fraught with indiscipline and selfishness, it will also become a barrier for entrepreneurship.

Shortfall in the availability of raw materials is the desired quality and quantity.

Inadequate infrastructure to transport the raw material to the factory.

Non-availability of easy access to the market for the finished goods.

Question 11. How can the economic environment create positive influence for an entrepreneur?Answer: The factors which are responsible for economic development such as land, labour, capital, material, market, etc. are equally responsible for the development of entrepreneurship. Thus, an environment, where all these factors are available to the entrepreneurs, will naturally support and promote entrepreneurship.

Question 12. How can the cultural factors create positive influence for an entrepreneur?Answer: Every society has its own cultural values, beliefs and norms. If the culture of a society is conducive to creativity, risk-taking and adventurous spirit, in such a cultural milieu entrepreneurship will get encouragement.For example: An entrepreneur will have to keep in mind the cultural reference of the region that he/she is going to cater to, this wall enable him/her to get a quicker acceptance in that region.

Question 13. How can the cultural factors create positive influence for an entrepreneur?Answer: Political: It provides the legal framework within which business is to function. The viability of business depends upon the ability with which it can meet the challenges arising out of the political environment. This environment is influenced by political organisations, stability, government’s intervention in business, constitutional provisions etc.For example: War tension between two countries can also stop the trade between these countries.

Question 14. Give one example each of environmental factors.Answer: 

Social factor: Readymade garments, fast food, vending machines for tea and eatables are the result of social factors.

Political factor: War tension between two countries can also stop the trade between the two countries.

Economic factor: Unavailability of cash deters an entrepreneur from starting a new venture.

Cultural factor: Selling of more vegetarian food in the region comprising of vegetarians in majority.

Question 15. Mention two types of barriers.Answer:

Question 16. Give three examples of how some innovations became successful ventures in the past.Answer: Following are the examples:

Penicillin:Aim: Sir Alexander Fleming, was trying to make “wonder drug” that could cure diseases. However, it wasn’t until Fleming threw away his experiments that he found what he was looking for.Creation: Fleming found that a contaminated and discarded Petri dish, contained a mold that was dissolving all the bacteria around it. When he grew the mold by itself, he learned that it contained a powerful antibiotic, penicillin.

Potato Chips:Aim: George Crum, a chef at the Carey Moon Lake House was trying to make a plate of fried potato.Creation: One day, a customer repeatedly sent back the plate of potatoes for more frying and having thinner fried potatoes. In anger Crum sliced the potatoes insanely thin and fried them until they were hard as a rock. On serving it to the customer, the customer loved it and wanted more. This is how potato chips came into existence.

The Pacemaker:Aim: John Hopps, an electrical engineer was trying to use radio frequency heating to restore body temperature.Creation: During his experiment, he realized that if a heart stopped beating due to cooling, it could be made to beat again by artificial stimulation. This led to the creation of pacemaker.

Question 17. How can the social factors create positive influence for an entrepreneur?Answer:  Social factors such as caste structure, mobility of labour, customer needs, cultural heritage, respect for senior citizens, values, etc. might have a far reaching impact on business. In India, attitudes have changed with respect to food and clothing as a result of industrialisation, employment of women in factories and offices, and the increased level of education. This has resulted in the growth of food processing and garment manufacturing units thus the emergence and growth of a new class of entrepreneurs.For example: Readymade shirts, instant food, vending machines for tea and eatables.

Question 18.Do you think there are cultural barriers (Negative influence) to entrepreneurship in our society? Discuss with examples.Answer:  Yes, I agree that there are cultural barriers to entrepreneurship in our society.Every society has developed its own cultural values, if the culture of a society is conducive for creativity, risk-taking and adventurous spirit, in such a cultural milieu entrepreneurship will thrive. At the same time, if the cultural values are bound by conventionalism, status- quo, rituals and strong cultural taboos, they may curb entrepreneurial spirit.For Example:

In the past, some societies in India discouraged people from going abroad believing that crossing the sea was a cultural taboo.

Certain fields of work were considered unsuitable for people of a particular culture.

 In rural areas, negative attitude and discrimination towards women may curb their spirit.

In India lack of interest and no support of in-laws and husband can be a big barrier to married women entrepreneurs.

Question 9. Describe the beginning of world famous fast food chain KFC.Answer: Harland David Sanders was born September 9, 1890 in Indiana, USA. He was a businessman owning a petrol service station in Kentucky. In 1930, Sanders was operating a service station in Corby, USA and he observed that many travellers stopped at his service station wanting refreshments and food. Sanders saw and understood the problem. He knew how to cook and considered this as a business opportunity and decided to offer chicken recipe to these customers. The Colonel enjoyed making his customers happy – he was passionate about entertaining them with excellent food and superb service. This spicy chicken recipe became super hit among travellers.This prompted him to start a restaurant which was beginning of the world famous fast food chain “KFC—Kentucky Fried Chicken”.

Question 20. Give the list of Institutions inv olved in Entrepreneurship Development Program (EDP).Answer: Institutions involved in Entrepreneurship Development Program (EDP):

National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD).

Indian Institute for Entrepreneurship.

National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (NIMSME).

National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC).

Rural Entrepreneurship Development Institute (REDI).

Training and Development Centre (TDC).

Centre for Entrepreneurship Development (CEI).

Small Industries Service Institutions (SISI).

Small Industries Development Organisation (SIDO).

Entrepreneurship Development Institution of India (EDII).

 National Alliances of Young Entrepreneur (NAYE).

Question 21. List the various government schemes that have been implemented for entrepreneurs.Answer: Following are the various schemes/programs started by the government for the:

Schemes implemented by the Ministry of MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises).

SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) Micro Finance Programme.

Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) with foreign countries.

MSME National Award Scheme.

NSIC Schemes (National Small Industries Corporation).

SIDBI Schemes.

Tax Holiday Scheme.

Composite Loan Scheme.

Industrial Estate Scheme.

Factoring Services.

Small Industry Cluster Development Programme.

National Equity Fund Scheme.

Question 22. Describe the role of technology and social media in creating new forms of business.Answer: The role can be described under the following headings:

Digital Revolution: The digital revolution has changed the working system and the working procedure. World is now more interconnected and the technology is now going for 100% interconnectivity worldwide.

Consumer Choices: Consumers’ taste and preference have undergone tremendous changes. Consumers now demand more powerful devices and applications. Business world on the other hand prefer more cost-effective technology to face the complex challenges of the business world.

Consequences: Satisfying the demands of consumers and the firms will lead to an explosive growth in data and analytics, intense competition and realignment of many industries.

Opportunities: New and emerging markets are going to create plenty of opportunities related to smart technology, and they will not be limited to for-profit enterprises.

IV.Long Answer Type Questions [6 Marks]

Question 1. How can the economic environment create barriers for an entrepreneur?Answer: Economic Environment: All entrepreneur need some important prerequisites to start an enterprise, they are capital, labour, raw material and market. If all these factors of production are easily available to an entrepreneur in an environment, then it will give a natural support to him and easily he can promote entrepreneurship and contribute to economic growth of the country. But, if any of these or all of these factors are either not available or any of them are of inadequate quality or less in quantity, they can become barriers to entrepreneurship.For instance,

If a prospective entrepreneur does not have access to capital for setting up his/her new enterprise, he or she will feel discouraged to proceed further.

If capital is available but at an exorbitant rate of interest, it will also discourage entrepreneurship. In olden days it was only due to greedy money-lenders that many people were not able to start their own business.

Another problem is the availability of labour. However, if the labour is not productive, it will in itself become a barrier.

If labour of high productivity is not available at reasonable cost, it will inhibit entrepreneurial activities.

In the labour market, if labour climate is unreliable and is fraught with indiscipline and selfishness then definitely it can discourage entrepreneurs.

Cut-throat competition in the market.

Lack of availability of raw materials in desired quantity and quality and availabilityof raw-materials at high prices.

 Problem of infrastructure to transport raw-materials to the factory.

 Inaccessible market for the finished goods can become a serious barrier to entrepreneurship.

Question 2.How can an entrepreneur overcome the hurdles that he comes across during the courseof entrepreneurship?Answer: In the entrepreneurial process the environment plays a vital role because all the opportunities exist in the environment and the entrepreneur is a part of it. A conducive environment throws up more entrepreneurs than an inhibiting environment. An environment where all these factors are available to the entrepreneurs will naturally support and promote entrepreneurship.

Self-esteem is a very important motive for personality development in the path of an entrepreneur.

All successful entrepreneurs are highly motivated and their drive to achieve becomes their engine of accomplishment.

Adequate quality or quantity all of these factors access to capital for setting up his/ her new enterprise.

Availability of cheap labour of high productivity promotes entrepreneurship. Labour includes skilled, unskilled and technical workforce.

Availability of raw materials in desired quantity and quality, infrastructure to transport them to the factories and an easily accessible market for the finished goods are some pre-requisites for economic development.

Every society has developed its own cultural value. If the culture of a society is conducive for creativity, risk-taking and adventurous spirit, in such a cultural milieu entrepreneurship will thrive.

A conducive political environment that encourages and rewards personal endeavour and hard work and that does not penalize the entrepreneur.

Toughness and perseverance are certain emotional qualities that are required to boost the level of motivation.

Sustained motivation is an important asset for an entrepreneur.

Some political policies can help the growth of entrepreneurial ventures in a country.

Counselling and support services.

Government procurement programs for small businesses.

Restrictions on imports and exports.

All successful entrepreneurs are highly motivated and their drive to achieve becomestheir engine of accomplishment.

In some societies it can be seen even now that businessmen do not command a high social status. Rather, business is considered a profession of lower hierarchy.All these above mentioned factors are interlinked and support entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur must understand and analyse social, cultural, economic technological, continuous change in demand of people, so that he can easily overcome the hurdles during the course of entrepreneurship.

Question 3. Give two examples of barriers arising out of social environment.Answer: Social Environment:

People are to a great extent bound by the norms, practices of the society in which they live. As a result, the society influences the thought pattern and mind-set of its members. As a matter of fact, the rules of social behaviour are learnt at a very early age.

If the social norms expect the people to value discipline and conformity over adventure, creativity and independence, it is likely to thwart entrepreneurial spirit. Similarly, if a society puts premium on safety and security in matters of securing a livelihood, such a value can become a strong social barrier to entrepreneurship.

In some societies it can be seen even now that business people do not command a high social status rather, business is considered a profession of lower hierarchy. They are considered inferior to office-goers, engineers, doctors etc. Such a social response to entrepreneurs can be a big hurdle in developing and nurturing entrepreneurs.

An excessively protective attitude to children in their formative years, and discouragement to mobility can all thwart creativity, innovative spirit and a sense of adventure, the values that are essential for entrepreneurship.

Self-esteem is a very important motive for personality development and a society that denies access to it will be placing hurdles in the path of an entrepreneur.

Question 4. In a given society some people are unable to avail entrepreneurial start in spite of many facilities and incentives. Explain the personal factors which prevent them.Answer: Motivational:

Certain shortcomings in the motivational aspect act as barriers to entrepreneurship.

Many entrepreneurs after starting a new venture faces obstacles in the initial stages, they tend to lose their commitment and consequently their level of motivation dips.

 Lack of tolerance, toughness and perseverance often quit.

 Lack of sustained motivation.Perceptional: There are certain perception barriers that can hamper the progress of an entrepreneur.

Lack of a clear vision and misunderstanding a situation can result in faulty perception.

 All entrepreneurial venture involves some amount of risk taking, however not analysing perception of the risk and the strategy to manage could hamper the growth of an entrepreneur.

If the entrepreneur demands everything to be clear and well-defined in order to develop a perception, it will lead to disappointment.

An entrepreneur’s world is basically disorderly and ambiguous, and the entrepreneur should learn to cope with inevitable uncertainties that crop up.

People who excessively depend on order will find it a barrier to entrepreneurship. They should have a high level of intolerance for ambiguity and chaos because they are breakers of status-quo.

Question 5. Describe the environmental barriers to entrepreneurship.Answer: Following are the Environmental Barriers:(1)Economic (2) Social (3) Cultural (4) Political

Economic: The factors of production land, labour, capital, material, etc. contribute equally towards the development of entrepreneurship in any country. If all the factors are readily available to the entrepreneurs, then entrepreneurship is naturally promoted and developed. But if any of the factor of production are not available or not readily available or available in inadequate quality and quantity, they can become barriers to entrepreneurship.

Social: Sociological factors such as religion, caste structure, age groups, standard of living, mobility of labour, cultural heritage, respect for senior citizens, values, etc. have a deep impact on business. In India, attitudes have changed with respect to food and clothing, due to changes in educational pattern, rise in standard of living, increase in literacy rate among men and women, employment of women in factories and offices, etc. Due to it there is growth of food processing and garment manufacturing units.

Cultural: Every society has its own culture, cultural values, customs, beliefs and norms. If the culture of a society is encouraging creativity and risk-taking, entrepreneurship gets encouragement leading to development.

Political: Political factor provides the legal framework for the functioning of the enterprises in the economy. Political environment poses challenge in front ofentrepreneurs. Political environment is affected by political parties, stability of the government, government’s interference in business world, taxation and subsidies policies etc.

Question 6. Describe the main characteristics of social entrepreneurs.Answer: Social entrepreneurs have following characteristics:

Social Catalysts: Social entrepreneurs are the visionaries who create fundamental, social changes by reforming social systems and creating sustainable improvements. Their efforts and actions have the potential to bring global improvements in various fields like education, healthcare, economic development, the environment, the arts etc.

Socially aware: Social improvement, is the ultimate goal of the social entrepreneurs. The success of their efforts is measured by their social changes and impact on various social groups of the society.

Opportunity-seeking: Social entrepreneurs view every obstacle as an opportunity. They develop their business on the same grounds.

Innovative: Social entrepreneurs are creative, willing to think differently and ready to apply ideas to new situations. They see failures as learning opportunities.

Resourceful: Social entrepreneurs’ visions are not limited by the resources which they acquire or have but they actively expand their resource pool through positive collaboration with others.

Accountable: Social entrepreneurs are accountable to their beneficiaries like customers, investors, etc. and they often take measures to keep themselves on the right track by asking themselves—Am I creating value for the people I am serving? Do I understand their needs?

Question 7. Mention some names and their contributions as social entrepreneurs of India.Answer:

Vinoba Bhave: He was the founder of the Bhudaan Andolan, which resulted in redistribution of more than 7,000,000 acres of land to aid India’s untouchables and landless.

Ela Bhatt: She founded Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) in 1972 is a trade union of poor, unorganised, self-employed women who work as vendors, hawkers and labourers.

Dr. Varghese Kurien: He is the founder of the AMUL Dairy Project.

Bunker Roy: He is the founder of Barefoot College, which promotes rural development using new and innovative education programs.

Nand Kishore Chaudhary: He is the founder of Jaipur rugs, which promotes rural development through capacity building in rural area.

Harish Hande: He is the founder of Selco India, a solar electric light company in 1995,which emerged as India’s leading solar technology firm.

Question 8. Describe the various internal factors giving rise to internal risk.Answer: The various internal factors giving rise to such risks are:

Human factors: These are mainly due to human behaviour and various related aspects. Like strikes lock-outs by trade unions; negligence, dishonesty of an employee; accidents, deaths, failure of suppliers to supply raw materials, default in payment, etc.

Technological factors: These are unforeseen changes in the techniques of production or distribution and may result in technological obsolescence. For example: The packaging industry has increased the shelf-life of various products like chips, milk, etc. so small producers of these products are affected.

Physical factors: These factors result in loss or damage to the property of the firm. These may be due to failure of machinery and equipment used in business; fire, theft, damages in transportation, etc. They also include losses to the firm arising from.

Question 9. Explain the various external factors which give rise to external risks.Answer: The various external factors which may give rise to such risks are as follows:

Economic factors: These arise due to prevalent economic condition and changes in the prevailing market conditions. These can be of the following types:(a) changes in demand(b) price fluctuations(c) changes in tastes and preferences of the consumers Cd) changes in income, output or trade cycles(e) increased competition for the product(f) inflationary tendency in the economy(g) rising unemployment(h) fluctuations in world economyFor example: Audio cassette player to CD player.

Natural factors: These are the unforeseen natural calamities like earthquake, flood, famine, cyclone, lightening, etc. These may cause loss and damage to life and property. Entrepreneurs have very little or no control. For example, the land slide in Uttarakhand damaged the business and have adversely affected the whole economy of the state.

Political factors: These are due to political changes in a country like:(a) fall or change in the Government(b) communal violence(c) civil war(d) hostilities with the neighbouring countries(e) changes in Government policies and regulations.

Change in taste and preference: Tastes change with the change of time and factors. For example: Earlier home made food was preferred and fast food was considered as luxury. In the present scenario, there has been an increase for the liking towards fast food.

Question 10. Explain the cloud computing.Answer: The origin of the term ‘cloud’ computing appears to be derived from the practice of using drawings of stylized clouds to denote networks in diagrams of computing and communications systems. The word cloud is used as a metaphor for the internet, based on the standardized use of a cloud-like shape to denote a network.Cloud computing helps the firms to upload all its data on to a cloud and then it can be used it remotely wherever it is required.By 2016, Gartner—a consultancy firm, expects all Forbes’ Global 2000 companies to use public cloud services, transforming much of the current IT hardware, software and database markets into infinitely flexible utilities.

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5 Pasar Modern Keren di Mancanegara yang Bisa Jadi Inspirasi di Indonesia

Jakarta -Sudah ada sejak dulu banyak negara memiliki pasar modern keren dan jadi destinasi wisata favorit. Konsep pasar modern ini bisa jadi inspirasi untuk pasar modern di Indonesia.

Bersaing dengan pusat perbelanjaan modern, banyak pasar tradisional yang mengubah konsepnya menjadi pasar modern. Selain di Indonesia, pasar modern juga sudah lama diterapkan di berbagai negara.

Mulai dari Barcelona yang punya pasar legendaris La Boqueria dengan konsep modern. Kemudian di New York ada pasar Union Square Farmer's Market yang selalu ramai. Tak ketinggalan pasar Or Tor Kor di Bangkok yang tak kalah hits.

Dilansir dari CNN Travel (15/07), berikut lima pasar modern keren di berbagai negara.

1. Kreta Ayer Wet Market

Di Singapura ada Kreta Ayer Wet Market yang mengusung konsep fresh market modern. Pasar yang terletak di wilayah Chinatown ini setiap harinya selalu dipenuhi pengunjung.

Di sini terkenal dengan kualitas sayurannya yang selalu segar. Pengunjung bisa menemukan bahan makanan sehari-hari, sampai bahan makanan eksotik seperti kodok hidup, kura-kura, hingga telur yang diawetkan.

Puas berbelanja, di bagian atas pasar terdapat hawker centre atau pusat makanan yang menyajikan aneka makanan. Pasar ini masuk ke dalam salah satu pasar terbaik versi CNN karena kebersihannya.

2. Union Square Farmer's Market

Sebagai salah satu kota yang paling bergengsi di dunia, New York punya pasar modern yang tak kalah ikonik. Pasar ini dikenal dengan nama Union Square Farmer's Market. Berbeda dengan pasar lainnya, konsep pasar modern ini berada di jalanan.

Ciri khasnya terletak pada penjual yang merupakan produsen langsung. Seperti petani, nelayan, pembuat roti, tukang daging dan masih banyak lagi. Dikabarkan ada lebih dari 60,000 orang yang belanja di pasar ini setiap harinya.

Meski di jalanan tapi pasar modern ini tetap bersih. Penjual menggunakan tenda kecil untuk menawarkan dagangan mereka. Tak hanya orang biasa, banyak celebrity chef terkenal di Amerika yang sering belanja bahan makanan di sini

3. La Boqueria

Jalan-jalan ke Barcelona di Spanyol tak lengkap jika tidak mengunjungi pasar modern La Boqueria. Pasar ini sebenarnya sudah ada sejak abad ke-13, kemudian terus berkembang hingga menjadi destinasi wisata populer di sana.

Kini La Boqueria masuk ke dalam pasar paling baik dan berkualitas di dunia. Masuk ke bagian pasar, pengunjung akan langsung disambut oleh penjual ikan segar, tukang daging, ahli keju, aneka sayuran hijau sampai toko ham khas Spanyol.

Selain jadi tempat belanja, La Boqueria juga jadi tempat makan siang paling sibuk di Barcelona. Karena di sini terdapat banyak penjual makanan seperti Bar Ramblero yang menjual aneka seafood. Lalu ada juga Bar Pinoxto yang menyajikan makanan khas Katalonia.

4. Or Tor Kor Market

Surganya makanan dan jajanan kaki lima, Thailand juga punya pasar modern yang sayang jika tidak dikunjungi. Pasar Or Tor Kor ini letaknya di Bangkok, terkenal menjual berbagai jenis bahan makanan segar yang bisa jadi oleh-oleh dari sana.

Lokasi pasar ini persis di samping pasar Chatuchak yang sangat ramai. Tempat ini sering diburu pengunjung untuk mencari buah dan sayuran eksotik yang ada di Thailand dan Asia.

Selain itu pasar modern ini juga lengkap dengan pilihan makanan untuk pecinta seafood, penggemar makanan manis, sampai rempah-rempah dan bumbu masak yang bisa diolah di rumah.

5. St. Lawrence Market

Di Kanada ada St. Lawrence Market yang punya konsep modern dan mewah. Pasar modern yang terletak di Toronto ini berdiri di gedung megah yang menjual berbagai jenis bahan makanan.

Seperti produk sayuran dan buah yang segar. Ada juga pilihan pie enak dengan resep home made. Kalau suka roti di sini pengunjung bisa membeli roti yang baru saja keluar dari oven.

Setiap hari Sabtu biasanya para petani lokal akan menjual produk organik mereka di pasar wilayah Utara. Tradisi ini sudah dimulai sejak tahun 1803 dan terus berlangsung sampai sekarang. Kini yang dijual tak hanya sayuran melainkan keju lokal, gandum, sampai aneka daging.

SUMBER : DETIK