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architectnews · 4 years ago

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The Dezeen guide to stone in architecture, interiors and design

Thinking of using stone in your project? Our latest Dezeen guide includes 15 popular types of natural rock used in architecture, interiors and design with links to hundreds of examples to inspire your own work.

Alabaster

Alabaster is a soft, fine-grained stone that has been used for centuries to carve elaborate forms and ornaments. However, its solubility in water means that it is best suited for indoor use.

In its pure form, alabaster is white and translucent, which makes it ideally suited to lighting design.

Studio Tack used tubular light shades made from alabaster to softly illuminate a cosy Japanese restaurant in New York (above), while lighting studio Allied Maker used the stone to create ornate totemic floor lamps.

Amarist Studio showcased the sculptural possibilities of the stone in its Aqua Fossil collection, which includes a coffee table with swooping, curved legs.

See projects featuring alabaster ›

Basalt

Basalt is a dark-coloured igneous rock that is formed when lava cools rapidly. It is most frequently used as an aggregate for concrete as it is low-cost and high-strength, but it is also a popular cladding and flooring material, especially when polished.

Examples of this include the facade of a small gallery in Amsterdam by Barend Koolhaas and a Hawaiian holiday home by Walker Warner Architects in which slender basalt cladding tiles are contrasted with cedar detailing (above).

Icelandic studio Innriinnri used two sculpted slabs of basalt stone to create a sculptural table that doubles as a stool or a piece of art, while South Korean artist Byung Hoon Choi polished the stone to create oversized outdoor furniture.

See projects featuring basalt ›

Flint

Flint is a highly durable stone found in abundance as irregular-shaped nodules in sedimentary rocks such as chalk. It has been used as a construction material since the Roman era, though it is not often seen in contemporary architecture.

Flint varies in colour, but it is commonly glassy black with a white crust. In architecture, it is usually knapped – split to expose its glossy inner face – before being laid in mortar.

Skene Catling de la Peña used a combination of knapped and unknapped flint to cover a wedge-shaped house in Buckinghamshire (above), which creates a subtle colour gradient across its facade.

See projects featuring flint ›

Gneiss

Gneiss, a robust metamorphic stone composed of alternating layers of different coloured minerals, is popular to use for flooring and worktops. Hues can range from pinks and golds to greens and dark greys.

Peter Pichler sourced grey gneiss with black-and-white bands from Passeier Valley in South Tyrol to create a large counter in the bar of an Italian Alpine hotel (above).

It can also be used as a cladding material, such as in Bernardo Bader Architekten's ski resort office in Austria and a radio broadcasting station in Nepal by Archium.

Granite

Granite is one of the most widely used stones in architecture and design. It forms from the slow crystallisation of magma beneath the Earth's crust. It is used for everything from load-bearing structures to cladding, worktops and furniture.

Its popularity is down to its high compressive strength, durability and low porosity. Granite is also found in an array of colours, making it suitable for a range of spaces and styles.

Heatherwick Studio recently used green granite to make a trio of its sculptural Spun chairs (above), while Snøhetta has used a grey variety to cover almost every surface of an Aesop store to emulate a rocky coastline.

Architecture studio NOARQ tested the material's strength by elevating a cabin on thick blocks of granite over the entrance to a stone villa in Portugal.

See projects featuring granite ›

Laterite

Rusty-red laterite stone is formed from the leaching of rocks and soil during alternating periods of high temperature and heavy rainfall in tropical areas. This process leaves behind a high concentration of insoluble iron oxides, which gives the rock its colour.

Laterite is typically used in construction in Africa and Asia in the form of bricks, which have excellent thermal mass and a low embodied energy. These bricks are made by cutting the rock out from below the water table when it is moist and leaving it to harden in the air.

Architect Francis Kéré used locally sourced laterite to build the walls of a school in Burkina Faso and Studio Lotus has used it to create the pedestal of a government building in India (above).

Limestone

There are many different types of limestone, a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate. It is considered a good all-round building material as it is easy to cut and carve and usually has a uniform texture and colour.

Popular limestone varieties include travertine (see below) and Portland stone, which is used on notable buildings in London such as St Paul's Cathedral and Buckingham Palace.

David Chipperfield Architects recently used limestone to clad the Kunsthaus Zurich museum extension in Switzerland and John Pawson used it to line the surfaces of a minimalist flagship store in Japan for fashion label Jil Sander.

Design projects that utilise limestone include a blocky furniture collection called Dig Where You Stand by students from the Estonian Academy of Arts (above).

See projects featuring limestone ›

Marble

Marble is a metamorphic rock with veins of calcite crystal. It forms from limestone that has been exposed to heat and pressure and is found in many colours. Marble is strong but easily carved and polishes well, making it suitable for numerous applications.

It is most popularly used in kitchen and bathroom designs, but it is often used as cladding too, such as in Alexander Owen Architecture's garden room in London (above).

See projects featuring marble ›

Onyx

Onyx is a translucent gemstone composed of parallel bands of quartz, found in almost every colour. It has a long history of use in sculpture and jewellery but is less commonly found in architecture and design. However, onyx is sometimes used as a facing or lighting.

Projects that use onyx include a mausoleum in Minneapolis by HGA and an office by Anne Claus Interiors where it has been used to clad a multi-coloured bar (above).

See projects featuring onyx ›

Porphyry

Porphyry is a strong and hard-wearing igneous stone that comes in reddish-brown to purple hues. It is composed of large-grained crystals embedded in a fine-grained groundmass.

It has been used in architecture and design since antiquity, though it is rarely seen in contemporary architecture and design. Today it is mostly used as aggregate in the construction of roads in places where cars require studded winter tires.

Pedevilla Architects used a block of porphyry as a kitchen island for a cookery school in South Tyrol, while architect Claudio Silvestrin used it to line the walls of a Milanese fashion boutique.

Quartzite

Formed from sandstone exposed to high heat and pressure, quartzite is a very hard and durable metamorphic rock. It is usually found in white and grey shades.

Quartzite is a popular material for kitchen countertops as it is resistant to staining, but is most commonly used as a decorative cladding or flooring.

Examples of this include a dwelling in Utah by Klima Architecture, Peter Zumthor's Therme Vals spa (above) and a monolithic Parisian library by Agence Pascale Guédot.

See projects featuring quartzite ›

Sandstone

Sandstone is composed of fine silicate grains that have eroded from other rocks, giving it either a warm red, yellow or orange colouration.

Used for construction since prehistoric times, sandstone continues to be a popular choice in architecture and design as it is abundant, durable and easy to handle.

Recent architectural projects that use the material include a cathedral extension by Feilden Fowles, a museum by Álvaro Siza, and an oval-shaped all-girls school in India (above) that is designed to blend into its desert surroundings.

See projects featuring sandstone ›

Shale

This grey fine-grained stone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on earth. It is formed from the compaction of silt and mud into thin, fissile layers. In architecture and design, shale is usually crushed and processed into bricks, tiles and pottery, or heated with limestone to make cement.

Aketuri Architektai used shale tiles to clad a pointy woodland house in Lithuania (above), while Spaceworkers wrapped the stone around the basement of a Portuguese house to provide it with a raw, rugged aesthetic.

See projects featuring shale ›

Slate

Slate is a dark fine-grained stone that is formed when a sedimentary rock, such as shale, is subjected to high pressure. It is a foliated rock, meaning it is made up of thin sedimentary layers, which allows it to be split – or riven – into thin slabs.

Slate is durable and weather- and frost-resistant, making it a popular material choice for cladding, roofing and paving.

In interior projects, the material is often also used as floor tiles, hearths and kitchen worktops. Natalie Weinmann sanded and polished the stone to create a blocky furniture collection.

TRIAS used it to clad a small writer's retreat in a Welsh valley while Austin Maynard Architects diamond, scalloped and brick-shaped slate shingles to cover a Melbourne house (above).

See projects featuring slate ›

Travertine

One of the most commonly used forms of limestone is travertine, which has been sourced from mineral springs for use as a building material for centuries. The largest building in the world made from this stone is the Colosseum in Rome.

Today, travertine is mostly processed into tiles for internal and external surface coverings, but it is also a popular material for bathroom fit-outs. As it is found with troughs on its surface, processing travertine usually involves polishing its surface.

Projects that use travertine include an extension to a German museum by Bez + Kock Architekten (above), an apartment renovation in Lithuania by 2XJ, and a furniture collection by David/Nicolas.

See projects featuring travertine ›

Recent popular stone projects on Dezeen include an inconspicuous house on the island of Serifos, a monolithic spa by Smartvoll, a collection of luxury lodges on England's Jurassic Coast and a coffee table by Studio Twenty Seven.

The main image is of Rajkumari Ratnavati Girls' School by Diana Kellogg Architects taken by Vinay Panjwani.

The post The Dezeen guide to stone in architecture, interiors and design appeared first on Dezeen.

#Architecture – Dezeen

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sablelab · 4 years ago

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Covert Operations - Chapter 126

SYNOPSIS: Jamie has whisked Claire away to a romantic getaway where she can recover from her incarceration at the hands of Jonathon Randall and the Rising Dragons.

Chapter 125 and all other chapters of this story can be found at …https://sablelab.tumblr.com/covertoperations

THANK YOU for reading and I hope you will enjoy the chapters that are to come over the next couple of weeks as most are Jamie and Claire centred.

CHAPTER 126

Claire gasped as Jamie turned into a remote airport where he’d organised a private Lear jet, for the next leg of their journey. She was gobsmacked at the mode of transportation they were to board as she was sure that they were going to some remote location in Hong Kong for their convalescence. What she thought was going to happen certainly didn’t, as they were not going to some isolated place but were to travel somewhere else only Jamie knew and he’d been very secretive and evasive about their final destination.

“Jamie … Where are we going?” Claire asked when she saw that there was a jet plane waiting for its passengers. “The last time we were on a private jet, we were going to memories suddenly ran through her mind of her mission with Madame Cheung.

Placing his hand on her knee Jamie squeezed her leg and placed a kiss to her cheek. “No Sassenach … ‘tis a surprise. Trust me mo ghràidh. Ye are going to love it.”

“I do trust you Jamie. I’m just inquisitive as to our destination. If we are flying somewhere it can’t be too far away.”

“All in good time Sassenach. Ye shall see.”

Claire's radiant smile spread across her face as she looked away from him and pretended to study the scenery. "I guess I'll have to. But can you give me a little clue as to where you are taking me?”

“We should be there in about twelve hours. That’s all I’m going to say.”

“Twelve hours!” Claire exclaimed in shock. “Jesus H. Roosevelt Christ. Just where are you taking me James Fraser?”

Their teasing interaction had distracted her and when she glanced up, she took better notice of their surroundings at the airstrip. With a wry smile on his face, Jamie drove toward a private hangar where a sleek white Lear Jet sat waiting on the tarmac with engines revving. The name emblazoned on the side of the jet gave Claire no hint as to their destination unfortunately so she could obtain no information there either. James Fraser didn’t say another word, he just merely grinned at her with a mischievous gleam in his eye as he bought the car to a halt. They both got out of the vehicle and Jamie helped his perplexed partner up the short flight of steps into the plane as their luggage was placed in the cargo hold on the plane. Once inside, Claire’s eyes widened in surprise at the luxurious interior of the Lear Jet. Beautiful veneer wood panelling, deluxe leather upholstered seats and amenities with anything you could think of for a long journey were provided. The cabin was very high tech with touch screens indicating the location of the features on the jet and there was even a decent-size galley with an oven and espresso machine. The rear cabin consisted of two recliners and a sofa and a bedroom and bathroom were located to the rear as well.

Her lips parted as a soft exclamation of amazement burst forth as Jamie led her to her plush leather seat in the cabin.

With her hand to her mouth she looked at him, her eyes sparkling with happiness, “Oh, Jamie …”

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~

Sitting her down comfortably in her seat Jamie then quietly spoke with the pilot as Claire strained to hear what instructions he was giving him. However, his conversation was impossible to hear and she was no further to knowing where the Lear jet was heading.

Damn you James Fraser! How much longer are you going to keep me in suspense?

After a short conversation, Jamie returned to sit beside her and gave her a kiss on her cheek. "Ready Sassenach?" he asked with a teasing grin on his face knowing that Claire was biting at the bit to know their destination.

"No. Not until you tell me where we are going that is going to take twelve hours to get there James Fraser," she replied jutting her chin out at him in feigned defiance.

But Jamie remained nonplussed. He watched Claire in amusement as she then tried her feminine wiles on him to try and change his mind. Her gaze ran seductively down the length of his body as she began to undress him with her eyes before returning to lock with Jamie’s blue eyes that were attuned to what she was doing.

He chuckled at her attempt to garner information as to their destination and with a mischievous twinkle in his eye replied somewhat cryptically, "Somewhere warm." Then taking her hand in his he lightly ran his thumb over her palm. "That's the only clue I'll give ye Sassenach." His piercing, blue eyes watched Claire’s expressive face as anticipation crossed her features coupled with a beaming smile.

"But I don't have anything appropriate to wear in warm weather Jamie. If only you’d said something earlier, I could have packed accordingly," she admonished breathlessly fluttering her eyelashes and biting her bottom lip at him suggestively.

Immune to her feminine wiles Jamie rolled his eyes in mock dismay at her attempt to goad him into telling her where they were bound. "I ken ye'd say that Sassenach. A new wardrobe has been arranged at our destination, but clothes are optional if ye’d rather.”

Claire couldn’t believe the words that had come out of his mouth let alone the seductive look he was giving her.

“Why Mr Fraser. I do declare that you have left me quite flummoxed,” she replied with a rising inflection and an evocative smile.

Jamie raised her hand and kissed the back of her knuckles. “Good.”

His breath was warm against her hand, and it sent delicious sensations up her arm and travelled simultaneously to the pit of her lower abdomen where desire flamed with an ever-increasing intensity.

This is going to be a long flight, Claire thought as she rested her head back against the leather seat and closed her eyes while thoughts of being naked with the virile man beside her filled her mind with delicious possibilities.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~ Unbeknownst to her, James Alexander Malcolm Mackenzie Fraser had organised a two-week romantic getaway for his Claire in Tropical North Queensland Australia at a private and unique waterfront villa overlooking the Whitsunday Islands, mountains and an aquamarine harbour. It was the ultimate destination accommodation for them to enjoy the privacy, romance and serenity of this beautiful piece of paradise. He thought that not only could they both relax and enjoy the tranquil setting but it was a place as far away from Section One as they could get. They both needed time to recuperate from their wounds and Claire especially needed a peaceful, calm and beautiful setting, in which to erase her demons of what had happened to her at the monastery.

It was also the perfect and tranquil place to base themselves if they wanted to be a normal couple and go exploring all the treasures that the Whitsunday and Great Barrier Reef region had to offer. There were many places to visit and things to do: an abundance of national parks, turtle spotting, sailing, sea kayaking, mountain biking, swimming in the local waterhole at the base of Cedar Falls, rainforest walks, crocodile safaris, as well as enjoying the many cafes and restaurants the area had to offer if they were inclined. But if they didn’t want to leave their villa accommodation they could simply stay home, give each other a massage beside their infinity pool, hop in the outdoor spa, go sailing or just enjoy the view of being in one of the most spectacular locations on the planet.

Their destination was an amazing place in paradise just a short drive away from Airlie beach in a very secluded spot that ticked all the right boxes for Jamie. There was nothing he wouldn’t do for his Sassenach to help her regain that spark that had been severely damaged because of Johnathon Randall and the triad’s interrogation and torture at the monastery. Claire needed to be somewhere as far away from those memories as possible and he knew he had found the right place for her to regain that carefree sprit of the woman who had stolen his heart.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~

Fortunately, Claire was exhausted and had slept most of the way on their journey to Australia and then on to the Whitsunday Coast Airport situated just outside the town of Proserpine. Jamie picked up a pre-arranged hire Land Rover for the approximate thirty-minute journey to their destination near Airlie Beach the gateway to one of Australia’s most prised natural wonders, the Great Barrier Reef and Whitsunday Islands.

It was not long before he saw the road leading to the property about a half mile off the road and slowed his speed in preparation for the exit. As he veered their vehicle onto an isolated road the wheels sent up clouds of dust around them, partially obscuring the view. Slowing down he steered the SUV along a winding dirt trail caressed by tall gum trees at a more leisurely pace. They travelled for some distance and it seemed they were going deeper and deeper into the tropical rainforest. It was peaceful and quiet out in the open, with the only civilized sound being that of the Land Rover’s engine purring like the sound of a steady heartbeat. Claire could also hear the laughing sound of kookaburras and the screech of the sulphur crested cockatoos as they passed under a canopy of gum trees along the remote track. The sunlight was getting dimmer but they could still see well enough without turning on the SUVs’ lights. Jamie drove along until he came to a clearing in the distance. With the dwelling in sight, he slowed the speed of the land rover as he drove closer. As he approached the clearing, he manoeuvred the vehicle until he pulled the car up to a beautiful waterfront villa nestled into the side of a hill amongst lush vegetation. It was a lovely two-storey modern home made from timber and sandstone with large picturesque windows that overlooked the panoramic sea view.

Claire stared in awe at the beautiful residence located in this stunning setting with oceanic views. It was so lovely and peaceful here; it was certainly a dream location and she just knew that their time in this particular place was going to be wonderful for their sanity and peace of mind. The panorama was spellbinding. Taking in her surroundings she noticed a winding crushed granite path leading up to the front of the villa. Beautiful stone carvings were positioned amongst the foliage and she could see a lovely water fountain nestled amidst the ferns in the garden as well. It had a serene and relaxing Zen ambience about it and Claire immediately fell in love with their accommodation and more in love with James Fraser for bringing her home to Australia and this magical place to recuperate.

It had been such a long journey here and she couldn’t really comprehend fully that Jamie had actually organised this trip and brought her here to the Whitsunday Islands and the Great Barrier Reef. This stoic man who was a cold-blooded killer for Section One had turned into a hopeless romantic just for her and she couldn’t love him any more than she already did. This place of private surroundings and anonymity was just what they needed.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~

Stopping the vehicle, Jamie removed the key from the SUV’s ignition and got out of the Land Rover in order to help Claire from the passenger’s seat. He opened the door and giving her his hand, he helped her get out of the car. Smiling at his chivalrous gesture Claire leaned towards him and taking his hand in hers she alighted from the SUV. As she did so, Jamie couldn’t help but notice that her eyes had welled up with unshed tears.

“Are ye okay mo nighean donn?” he asked concerned that she was upset.

“Yes … Yes, I’m fine Jamie,” she replied so softly he barely heard her words.

“Then what is it mo ghràidh that has made ye so emotional?”

Claire looked up at his worried face. “Nothing … everything,” she sighed her eyes glistening with tears that started to trickle down her cheek.

Jamie was taken aback not understanding the underlying cause of her tears. Was it just the jet lag kicking in or was it something more? Had Claire been thinking about her incarceration or her time in Med Lab? It could have been a gamut of reasons and he was at a loss for something to say that would ease her distress. However, before he had a chance to say something more Claire spoke again.

Wrapping her arms around his waist she leaned up and kissed him on his lips. “Oh Jamie, this place is perfect. I love it. It’s paradise and I can’t thank you enough for bringing me here.”

“Aye, ‘tis. I’ve been told that the amazing view is constantly changing with the tides, tropical weather and passing boats coming in and out of the harbour with the backdrop of the beautiful mountains.”

“Oooh, maybe we might even be able to catch sight of some sea turtles, whales or dolphins.”

“We just might see some wee beasties Sassenach, maybe even some water horses,” he added with mirth in his voice and reminiscing of the mythical beasts of Scottish folklore tales told to him as a young boy.

“I really don’t think they have water horses in Australia Jamie,” Claire said laughing, her mood decidedly different to when they first arrived.

“Aye, yer probably right mo nighean donn, but nonetheless they have other strange animals here do they not Claire?”

“That is true,” she replied her mind however was again focused on the place where she was now. “It’s beautiful here Jamie and I can’t wait to spend fourteen days with you in this magical setting. It's so stunning that I really won't want to leave.”

His heartbeats quickened as Claire’s arms tightened around him even more and he returned her kiss with one of his own. “I’m glad my love. This place is going to be our sanctuary for two weeks and we can do as much or as little as we want.”

An enigmatic smile suddenly bowed her lips just like it had before on their journey here. Jamie couldn’t quite decipher the look that now crossed her face or what hidden meaning she had attached to his words, but knowing that her tears were happy ones he guessed that she quite liked where he had brought her for their recuperation. He felt good and wondered if indeed her thoughts had actually been of an intimate nature because his thoughts had certainly gone there with his reply. When she spoke, he knew that he was correct in his summation.

“So, clothes are optional then Fraser? Claire whispered softly as her eyes captured his in a penetrating look.

“Aye … Aye … they are Sorcha,” he replied against her lips before giving his Sassenach another penetrating passionate kiss that sent her mind reeling with a myriad of thoughts and possibilities.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~

Jamie took Claire’s hand entwining his fingers with hers and led her along the meandering gravel path and foliage that stopped at a staircase leading up to the entrance of the waterfront villa. They climbed the stairs hand in hand until they reached the top landing. Standing on the covered decking Claire looked out at the setting and inhaled the fresh, sea air as she waited for Jamie to unlock the door.

Raising their joined hands to his lips he placed a chaste kiss to Claire’s knuckles reluctant to let go, then smiling at her he announced, “Wait here honey while I fetch the key. The real estate agent said he would leave it under the potted plant on the deck.”

There was a stunning multi-coloured “Sassy,” a topical flowering Heliconia psittacorum plant on the deck and lifting the plant up, Jamie found what he was looking for. Placing the key in his hand, he looked at Claire intensely before inserting it in the door. Stepping inside, he held the door ajar for her to preceded him into the house, before closing the door behind them. However, it was more than just the act of shutting a door, it was shutting out their life at Section One, a life they’d left behind for two weeks for one of normality without surveillance. Standing quietly by he watched his love closely waiting for her initial reaction.

As he stood there Jamie’s gaze caressed his Sassenach from the top of her lovely brown hair falling around her shoulders to the tip of her fashionable ballet pumps.

This woman was heaven-sent and he could barely understand how much she had changed his life. Claire Beauchamp was an angel and far too good for Section One. She spread happiness wherever she went despite the fact that she too was a trained killer. Section One had tainted his life until he was but a robotic shell of a man. That was until Claire had come into his life and turned it upside down. It was this angel who had made him realise he was indeed worthy of love and being loved and reciprocating that love in return.

Claire Beauchamp was his lifeline, his soulmate, his reason for existence. His life was forever changed because of her because his Sassenach was his light in the darkness that once ruled his life.

He never tired of casting a surreptitious glance at her when in Section and any clandestine meeting was carefully executed so as not to alert their superiors Operations and Madeline. Claire was unlike any other operative and when she laughed, her whole face lit up and it filled his heart to bursting. Their feelings were suppressed in Section because they were under constant surveillance but Claire still managed to shed light in a world where there was none. Murtagh adored her as too did Fergus because his woman saw the good in people and because of her personality operatives gravitated to her and none more so than those two individuals. He’d observed her talking with Murtagh especially and saw how her eyes would sparkle with the joy of being with people she loved and admired. He knew that Section’s weapons’ expert was a father figure to her and that Claire was like a daughter to him. For Murtagh Fitzgibbons to volunteer to go back into the field was rare, but he did it for his Sugar because she meant the world to him and Murtagh would do anything for her and by association, for him as well.

Operatives in Section admired her and he knew why.

Claire Beauchamp bucked the system but still performed her duties with her conscience still intact. She was everything that others were not because she still had humanity for innocent life but abhorred the evil that people perpetrated. Claire had ideals and a moral compass that was sadly lacking in their leadership at Section One … and because she questioned things and opposed the rules, she was a threat to the order that Madeline and Operations had created with their leadership style.

Jamie reluctantly severed his gaze from his Sassenach and observed her body language as she cast her eyes around the room.

“Why don’t ye sit yerself down on the settee while I go and collect our belongings from the SUV? I won’t be long and then I can show ye around the villa Sassenach.”

“I wonder if there is any whisky? I could do with a drink after our long journey and a bath would be nice too. Is there a bath Jamie?”

“Not sure, but I ken there is a Jacuzzi. Will that do?”

“Hmm, Sounds good. Hurry back Fraser … I just might let you share.”

Giving her an enigmatic smile, Jamie hurried down to the Land Rover and retrieved their suitcases from the boot of the car. Racing up the stairs two at a time he placed their belongings down in the entrance before opening the door once more. He then picked up the suitcases and placed them inside the entrance before closing the door behind them. Jamie then made his way into the lounge area where Claire was waiting for his return.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~

“Did ye find any whisky Sassenach?”

“No, but there was a bottle of champagne plus nibbles and cheese. There was also a note addressed to you Jamie.”

“Perhaps we can christen the Jacuzzi with that bottle of bubbly then Sassenach. It will soothe those tired limbs,” he stated seductively with an ulterior meaning underlining his words.

“Oh, that would be nice Jamie but perhaps later,” Claire replied ignoring his innuendo and looking around their magical accommodation, smiling and liking what she saw very much. She glanced Jamie’s way and her face was beaming with delight but her head was swimming with questions.

“How did you find this place?”

Jamie came nearer and nearer to Claire holding her gaze as with each step he took. “I saw it online on an Air B&B site; I noticed it because it was secluded and had a private beach and marina as well as being some distance from a populated area.”

“It’s definitely in a most stunning setting. No wonder you chose to stay here Jamie.”

“I’m so happy that ye love it Sassenach. I thought ye would.”

“Who owns this property?”

“Caitriona and Sam Heughan did …”

He gave her an inscrutable look which only piqued her interest as to why he was hedging his reply. Leaning into her personal space Claire felt that Jamie was going to reveal something significant especially with such a piercing look he was giving her. And he did.

“… but I do now.” Claire’s eyes widened in shock for his answer had caught her by surprise. “Really?” Her flabbergasted answer solicited his next reply. “And I also bought the adjacent property as well because it’s so serene, peaceful and quiet here. It’s private and secluded in a beautiful tropical location Sassenach and a perfect place to forget the world we inhabit as Section One operatives.” Claire looked at Jamie as his words finally seeped into her brain. James Fraser, the cold murderer of Section One had purchased a property that was the complete antithesis of everything that Section stood for. This place really was a refuge away from their constant life under surveillance and where their every move was monitored. This place was an oasis away from the world of espionage and covert operations and was a home where they could just be a normal couple.

In return James Fraser scrutinized the look that passed over her features as his Sassenach contemplated what he had just said. He was eager to get her opinion. “Do ye like it Sassenach?”

Instead of immediately answering Claire walked around the main room they’d entered; she took inventory of what was in the seaside house while processing the information Jamie had just volunteered. Her mind was trying to make sense of the fact that James Alexander Malcolm Mackenzie Fraser had purchased this property. She turned to look at this secretive man who still stood quietly watching her actions with a little satisfied smirk on his face. Jamie gave her a penetrating look trying to gauge her feelings on the matter of the house.

A smile bowed her mouth. “I do like it Jamie.” ~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~

Claire looked at her love with a contemplative look in her eyes trying to work out this enigmatic man. Tilting her head, she perused him from head to toe then ever so slowly she raised her glance to his lean hips before lingering on his muscled chest.

James Fraser’s body was so mighty fine that just looking at him made her heart flutter with wicked thoughts. She knew what Jamie looked like naked and what it felt like to run her hands over his chest. Just the thought of gliding her fingers through his chest hair and over his warm skin sent her heart beating faster.

She inhaled a raspy breath and forced her body to try and stay calm but she was finding it decidedly difficult in his presence.

This man was in her blood and just the way he was looking at her sent shivers down her spine. Her errant thoughts about his hands whilst driving had conjured up way too many ideas of the erotic nature and now just looking at him was having the same effect on her equilibrium. If he continued to provoke her in this way, she wouldn’t have a snowball’s chance in hell of avoiding Jamie’s advances particularly in this idyllic setting.

Finally, Claire managed to control her breathing and lifted her gaze to his eyes.

Jamie was watching his love with amusement. Although he had no idea where her thoughts had travelled nevertheless, he could hazard a guess to where they went. The look in her eyes was suddenly dreamy and he was aware that she was going off on one of her tangents yet again. This happened quite a lot when she looked at him. It was as if she was imagining what he looked like naked and he couldn’t deny the feelings that thought gave him. He knew that his Sassenach was mulling over some very racy thoughts in her head. He could tell by her shallow breathing, the flush that hugged her cheeks and especially by the dilated pupils that greeted his scrutiny when she finally had the courage to look at him.

“I’m glad,” he replied biting his tongue to stop himself from laughing out loud at her inner turmoil.

“Come on Fraser show me around before it gets too dark,” was Claire’s daring response despite the fact that her heart was racing and she was fighting inner demons that seemed to mock her foolishness when in this man’s presence.

This time, however, he did laugh and pulled her into his arms.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*

“Well then Miss Beauchamp …,” he replied resting his forehead against her as he held her tightly to his chest.

Claire began to melt in his arms and could feel the pounding of his heart muscle against her chest. Jamie too could feel the vibrations of her heart beating in response to their closeness. The sound of air entering and leaving her lungs only exacerbated her shallow breathing and Jamie could feel Claire’s warm breath kiss his cheek as they gazed into each other’s eyes. He wanted nothing more than to kiss his brave woman senseless until she lost all consciousness, but now was not the time. There would be plenty of time for that later. “… perhaps we can start right here.”

“Here?” Her nerves were all off-centre and the way Jamie was holding her close was not making matters any better.

Placing a light kiss to her forehead, he released her from his embrace. “Aye, mo ghràidh. We can start here in the main living room unless … ye would like to start … in the bedroom?”

“Oh? … Okay … Here sounds just fine,” she muttered almost at a loss for words because if innuendo was Jamie’s game then she was in trouble.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~* to be continued on Friday 12th June

#Jamieandclairefanfic #jamieandclairecrossover #jamieandclaireau #the lallybroch library #outlander fanfic #covertoperations #LFNoutlander

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mellifera38 · 6 years ago

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Mel’s Big Fantasy Place-Name Reference

So I’ve been doing lots of D&D world-building lately and I’ve kind of been putting together lists of words to help inspire new fantasy place names. I figured I’d share. These are helpful for naming towns, regions, landforms, roads, shops, and they’re also probably useful for coming up with surnames. This is LONG. There’s plenty more under the cut including a huge list of “fantasy sounding” word-parts. Enjoy!

Towns & Kingdoms

town, borough, city, hamlet, parish, township, village, villa, domain

kingdom, empire, nation, country, county, city-state, state, province, dominion

Town Name End Words (English flavored)

-ton, -ston, -caster, -dale, -den, -field, -gate, -glen, -ham, -holm, -hurst, -bar, -boro, -by, -cross, -kirk, -meade, -moore, -ville, -wich, -bee, -burg, -cester, -don, -lea, -mer, -rose, -wall, -worth, -berg, -burgh, -chase, -ly, -lin, -mor, -mere, -pool. -port, -stead, -stow, -strath, -side, -way, -berry, -bury, -chester, -haven, -mar, -mont, -ton, -wick, -meet, -heim, -hold, -hall, -point

Buildings & Places

castle, fort, palace, fortress, garrison, lodge, estate, hold, stronghold, tower, watchtower, palace, spire, citadel, bastion, court, manor, house

altar, chapel, abbey, shrine, temple, monastery, cathedral, sanctum, crypt, catacomb, tomb

orchard, arbor, vineyard, farm, farmstead, shire, garden, ranch

plaza, district, quarter, market, courtyard, inn, stables, tavern, blacksmith, forge, mine, mill, quarry, gallows, apothecary, college, bakery, clothier, library, guild house, bath house, pleasure house, brothel, jail, prison, dungeon, cellar, basement, attic, sewer, cistern

lookout, post, tradepost, camp, outpost, hovel, hideaway, lair, nook, watch, roost, respite, retreat, hostel, holdout, redoubt, perch, refuge, haven, alcove, haunt, knell, enclave, station, caravan, exchange, conclave

port, bridge, ferry, harbor, landing, jetty, wharf, berth, footbridge, dam, beacon, lighthouse, marina, dockyard, shipyard

road, street, way, row, lane, trail, corner, crossing, gate, junction, waygate, end, wall, crossroads, barrier, bulwark, blockade, pavilion, avenue, promenade, alley, fork, route

Time & Direction

North, South, East, West, up, down, side, rise, fall, over, under

Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn, solstice, equanox, vernal, ever, never

dusk, dawn, dawnrise, morning, night, nightfall, evening, sundown, sunbreak, sunset

lunar, solar, sun, moon, star, eclipse

Geographical Terms

Cave, cavern, cenote, precipice, crevasse, crater, maar, chasm, ravine, trench, rift, pit

Cliff, bluff, crag, scarp, outcrop, stack, tor, falls, run, eyrie, aerie

Hill, mountain, volcano, knoll, hillock, downs, barrow, plateau, mesa, butte, pike, peak, mount, summit, horn, knob, pass, ridge, terrace, gap, point, rise, rim, range, view, vista, canyon, hogback, ledge, stair, descent

Valley, gulch, gully, vale, dale, dell, glen, hollow, grotto, gorge, bottoms, basin, knoll, combe

Meadow, grassland, field, pasture, steppe, veld, sward, lea, mead, fell, moor, moorland, heath, croft, paddock, boondock, prairie, acre, strath, heights, mount, belt

Woodlands, woods, forest, bush, bower, arbor, grove, weald, timberland, thicket, bosk, copse, coppice, underbrush, hinterland, park, jungle, rainforest, wilds, frontier, outskirts

Desert, dunes, playa, arroyo, chaparral, karst, salt flats, salt pan, oasis, spring, seep, tar pit, hot springs, fissure, steam vent, geyser, waste, wasteland, badland, brushland, dustbowl, scrubland

Ocean, sea, lake, pond, spring, tarn, mere, sluice, pool, coast, gulf, bay

Lagoon, cay, key, reef, atoll, shoal, tideland, tide flat, swale, cove, sandspit, strand, beach

Snowdrift, snowbank, permafrost, floe, hoar, rime, tundra, fjord, glacier, iceberg

River, stream, creek, brook, tributary, watersmeet, headwater, ford, levee, delta, estuary, firth, strait, narrows, channel, eddy, inlet, rapids, mouth, falls

Wetland, marsh, bog, fen, moor, bayou, glade, swamp, banks, span, wash, march, shallows, mire, morass, quag, quagmire, everglade, slough, lowland, sump, reach

Island, isle, peninsula, isthmus, bight, headland, promontory, cape, pointe, cape

More under the cut including: Color words, Animal/Monster related words, Rocks/Metals/Gems list, Foliage, People groups/types, Weather/Environment/ Elemental words, Man-made Items, Body Parts, Mechanical sounding words, a huge list of both pleasant and unpleasant Atmospheric Descriptors, and a huge list of Fantasy Word-parts.

Color Descriptions

Warm: red, scarlet, crimson, rusty, cerise, carmine, cinnabar, orange, vermillion, ochre, peach, salmon, saffron, yellow, gold, lemon, amber, pink, magenta, maroon, brown, sepia, burgundy, beige, tan, fuchsia, taupe

Cool: green, beryl, jade, evergreen, chartreuse, olive, viridian, celadon, blue, azure, navy, cerulean, turquoise, teal, cyan, cobalt, periwinkle, beryl, purple, violet, indigo, mauve, plum

Neutral: gray, silver, ashy, charcoal, slate, white, pearly, alabaster, ivory, black, ebony, jet

dark, dusky, pale, bleached, blotchy, bold, dappled, lustrous, faded, drab, milky, mottled, opaque, pastel, stained, subtle, ruddy, waxen, tinted, tinged, painted

Animal / Monster-Related Words

Bear, eagle, wolf, serpent, hawk, horse, goat, sheep, bull, raven, crow, dog, stag, rat, boar, lion, hare, owl, crane, goose, swan, otter, frog, toad, moth, bee, wasp, beetle, spider, slug, snail, leech, dragonfly, fish, trout, salmon, bass, crab, shell, dolphin, whale, eel, cod, haddock

Dragon, goblin, giant, wyvern, ghast, siren, lich, hag, ogre, wyrm, kraken

Talon, scale, tusk, hoof, mane, horn, fur, feather, fang, wing, whisker, bristle, paw, tail, beak, claw, web, quill, paw, maw, pelt, haunch, gill, fin,

Hive, honey, nest, burrow, den, hole, wallow

Rocks / Metals / Minerals

Gold, silver, brass, bronze, copper, platinum, iron, steel, tin, mithril, electrum, adamantite, quicksilver, fool’s gold, titanium

Diamond, ruby, emerald, sapphire, topaz, opal, pearl, jade, jasper, onyx, citrine, aquamarine, turquoise, lapiz lazuli, amethyst, quartz, crystal, amber, jewel

Granite, shale, marble, limestone, sandstone, slate, diorite, basalt, rhyolite, obsidian, glass

Earth, stone, clay, sand, silt, salt, mote, lode, vein, ore, ingot, coal, boulder, bedrock, crust, rubble, pebble, gravel, cobble, dust, clod, peat, muck mud, slip, loam, dirt, grit, scree, shard, flint, stalactite/mite

Trees / Plants / Flowers

Tree, ash, aspen, pine, birch, alder, willow, dogwood, oak, maple, walnut, chestnut, cedar, mahogany, palm, beech, hickory, hemlock, cottonwood, hawthorn, sycamore, poplar, cypress, mangrove, elm, fir, spruce, yew

Branch, bough, bramble, gnarl, burr, tangle, thistle, briar, thorn, moss, bark, shrub, undergrowth, overgrowth, root, vine, bracken, reed, driftwood, coral, fern, berry, bamboo, nectar, petal, leaf, seed, clover, grass, grain, trunk, twig, canopy, cactus, weed, mushroom, fungus

Apple, olive, apricot, elderberry, coconut, sugar, rice, wheat, cotton, flax, barley, hops, onion, carrot, turnip, cabbage, squash, pumpkin, pepper

Flower, rose, lavender, lilac, jasmine, jonquil, marigold, carnelian, carnation, goldenrod, sage, wisteria, dahlia, nightshade, lily, daisy, daffodil, columbine, amaranth, crocus, buttercup, foxglove, iris, holly, hydrangea, orchid, snowdrop, hyacinth, tulip, yarrow, magnolia, honeysuckle, belladonna, lily pad, magnolia

People

Settler, Pilgrim, Pioneer, Merchant, Prospector, Maker, Surveyor, Mason, Overseer, Apprentice, Widow, Sailor, Miner, Blacksmith, Butcher, Baker, Brewer, Barkeep, Ferryman, Hangman, Gambler, Fisherman, Adventurer, Hero, Seeker, Hiker, Traveler, Crone

Mage, Magician, Summoner, Sorcerer, Wizard, Conjurer, Necromancer,

King, Queen, Lord, Count, Baron, Guard, Soldier, Knight, Vindicator, Merchant, Crusader, Imperator, Syndicate, Vanguard, Champion, Warden, Victor, Legionnaire, Master, Archer, Footman, Gladiator, Barbarian, Captain, Commodore,

Beggar, Hunter, Ranger, Deadman, Smuggler, Robber, Swindler, Rebel, Bootlegger, Outlaw, Pirate, Brigand, Ruffian, Highwayman, Cutpurse, Thief, Assassin

God, Goddess, Exarch, Angel, Devil, Demon, Cultist, Prophet, Hermit, Seer

council, clergy, guild, militia, choir

Climate, Environment, & The Elements

Cold, cool, brisk, frosty, chilly, icy, freezing, frozen, frigid, glacial, bitter, biting, bleak, arctic, polar, boreal, wintry, snowy, snow, blizzarding, blizzard, sleeting, sleet, chill, frost, ice, icebound, ice cap, floe, snowblind, frostbite, coldsnap, avalanche, snowflake

Hot, sunny, humid, sweltering, steaming, boiling, sizzling, blistering, scalding, smoking, caldescent, dry, parched, arid, fallow, thirsty, melting, molten, fiery, blazing, burning, charring, glowing, searing, scorching, blasted, sun, fire, heat, flame, wildfire, bonfire, inferno, coal, ash, cinder, ember, flare, pyre, tinder, kindling, aflame, alight, ablaze, lava, magma, slag,

Wet, damp, dank, soggy, sodden, soaked, drenched, dripping, sopping, briny, murky, rain, storm, hail, drizzle, sprinkle, downpour, deluge, squall, water, cloud, fog, mist, dew, puddle, pool, current, whirlpool, deep, depths, tide, waves, whitewater, waterfall, tidal wave, flow, flood, leak, drain

Wind, breeze, gust, billow, gail, draft, waft, zephyr, still, airy, clear, smokey, tempest, tempestuous, windswept, aerial, lofty, torrid, turbulent, nebulous, tradewind, thunder, lightning, spark, cyclone, tornado, whirlwind, hurricane, typhoon

Man-made Item Words

Furnace, forge, anvil, vault, strap, strip, whetstone, brick, sword, blade, axe, dagger, shield, buckler, morningstar, bow, quiver, arrow, polearm, flail, staff, stave, sheath, hilt, hammer, knife, helm, mantle, banner, pauldron, chainmail, mace, dart, cutlass, canon, needle, cowl, belt, buckle, bandana, goggles, hood, boot, heel, spindle, spool, thread, sweater, skirt, bonnet, apron, leather, hide, plate, tunic, vest, satin, silk, wool, velvet, lace, corset, stocking, binding

Plow, scythe, (wheel) barrow, saddle, harrow, brand, collar, whip, leash, lead, bridle, stirrup, wheel, straw, stall, barn, hay, bale, pitchfork, well, log, saw, lumber, sod, thatch, mortar, brick, cement, concrete, pitch, pillar, window, fountain, door, cage, spoke, pole, table, bench, plank, board

Candle, torch, cradle, broom, lamp, lantern, clock, bell, lock, hook, trunk, looking glass, spyglass, bottle, vase, locket, locker, key, handle, rope, knot, sack, pocket, pouch, manacle, chain, stake, coffin, fan. cauldron, kettle, pot, bowl, pestle, oven, ladle, spoon, font, wand, potion, elixir, draught, portal, book, tome, scroll, word, manuscript, letter, message, grimoire, map, ink, quill, pen, cards, dice

Coin, coronet, crown, circlet, scepter, treasure, riches, scales, pie, tart, loaf, biscuit, custard, caramel, pudding, porridge, stew, bread, tea, gravy, gristle, spice, lute, lyre, harp, drum, rouge, powder, perfume, brush

bilge, stern, pier, sail, anchor, mast, dock, deck, flag, ship, boat, canoe, barge, wagon, sled, carriage, buggy, cart

Wine, brandy, whiskey, ale, moonshine, gin, cider, rum, grog, beer, brew, goblet, flagon, flask, cask, tankard, stein, mug, barrel, stock, wort, malt

Body Parts

Head, throat, finger, foot, hand, neck, shoulder, rib, jaw, eye, lips, bosom

Skull, spine, bone, tooth, heart, blood, tears, gut, beard

Mechanical-Sounding Words

cog, fuse, sprocket, wrench, screw, nail, bolt, lever, pulley, spanner, gear, spring, shaft, switch, button, cast, pipe, plug, dial, meter, nozzle, cord, brake, gauge, coil, oil, signal, wire, fluke, staple, clamp, bolt, nut, bulb, patch, pump, cable, socket

torque, force, sonic, spark, fizzle, thermal, beam, laser, steam, buzz, mega, mecha, electro, telsa, power, flicker, charge, current, flow, tinker

Atmospheric Words

Unpleasant, Dangerous, Threatening

(nouns) death, fury, battle, scar, shadow, razor, nightmare, wrath, bone, splinter, peril, war, riptide, strife, reckoning, sorrow, terror, deadwood, nether, venom, grime, rage, void, conquest, pain, folly, revenge, horrid, mirk, shear, fathom, frenzy, corpselight/marshlight, reaper, gloom, doom, torment, torture, spite, grizzled, sludge, refuse, spore, carrion, fear, pyre, funeral, shade, beast, witch, grip, legion, downfall, ruin, plague, woe, bane, horde, acid, fell, grief, corpse, mildew, mold, miter, dirge

(adjectives) dead, jagged, decrepit, fallen, darkened, blackened, dire, grim, feral, wild, broken, desolate, mad, lost, under, stagnant, blistered, derelict, forlorn, unbound, sunken, fallow, shriveled, wayward, bleak, low, weathered, fungal, last, brittle, sleepy, -strewn, dusky, deserted, empty, barren, vacant, forsaken, bare, bereft, stranded, solitary, abandoned, discarded, forgotten, deep, abysmal, bottomless, buried, fathomless,unfathomable, diseased, plagued, virulent, noxious, venomous, toxic, fetid, revolting, putrid, rancid, foul, squalid, sullied, vile, blighted, vicious, ferocious, dangerous, savage, cavernous, vast, yawning, chasmal, echoing, dim, dingy, gloomy, inky, lurid, shaded, shadowy, somber, sunless, tenebrous, unlit, veiled, hellish, accursed, sulfurous, damned, infernal, condemned, doomed, wicked, sinister, dread, unending, spectral, ghostly, haunted, eldritch, unknown, weary, silent, hungry, cloven, acidic

(verb/adverbs): wither (withering / withered), skulk (skulking), whisper, skitter, chitter, sting, slither, writhe, gape, screech, scream, howl, lurk, roil, twist, shift, swarm, spawn, fester, bleed, howl, shudder, shrivel, devour, swirl, maul, trip, smother, weep, shatter, ruin, curse, ravage, hush, rot, drown, sunder, blister, warp, fracture, die, shroud, fall, surge, shiver, roar, thunder, smolder, break, silt, slide, lash, mourn, crush, wail, decay, crumble, erode, decline, reek, lament, taint, corrupt, defile, poison, infect, shun, sigh, sever, crawl, starve, grind, cut, wound, bruise, maim, stab, bludgeon, rust, mutilate, tremble, stumble, fumble, clank, clang

Pleasant, Safe, Neutral

(nouns) spirit, luck, soul, oracle, song, sky, smile, rune, obelisk, cloud, timber, valor, triumph, rest, dream, thrall, might, valiance, glory, mirror, life, hope, oath, serenity, sojourn, god, hearth, crown, throne, crest, guard, rise, ascent, circle, ring, twin, vigil, breath, new, whistle, grasp, snap, fringe, threshold, arch, cleft, bend, home, fruit, wilds, echo, moonlight, sunlight, starlight, splendor, vigilance, honor, memory, fortune, aurora, paradise, caress

(adjectives) gentle, pleasant, prosperous, peaceful, sweet, good, great, mild, grand, topic, lush, wild, abundant, verdant, sylvan, vital, florid, bosky, callow, verdurous, lucious, fertile, spellbound, captivating, mystical, hidden, arcane, clandestine, esoteric, covert, cryptic, runic, otherworldly, touched, still, fair, deep, quiet, bright, sheer, tranquil, ancient, light, far, -wrought, tidal, royal, shaded, swift, true, free, high, vibrant, pure, argent, hibernal, ascendant, halcyon, silken, bountiful, gilded, colossal, massive, stout, elder, -bourne, furrowed, happy, merry, -bound, loud, lit, silk, quiet, bright, luminous, shining, burnished, glossy, brilliant, lambent, lucent, lustrous, radiant, resplendent, vivid, vibrant, illuminated, silvery, limpid, sunlit, divine, sacred, holy, eternal, celestial, spiritual, almighty, anointed, consecrated, exalted, hallowed, sanctified, ambrosial, beatific, blissful, demure, naked, bare, ample, coy, deific, godly, omnipotent, omnipresent, rapturous, sacramental, sacrosanct, blessed, majestic, iridescent, glowing, overgrown, dense, hard, timeless, sly, scatter, everlasting, full, half, first, last

(verb/adverbs) arch (arching / arched), wink (winking), sing, nestle, graze, stroll, roll, flourish, bloom, bud, burgeon, live, dawn, hide, dawn, run, pray, wake, laugh, wake, glimmer, glitter, drift, sleep, tumble, bind, arch, blush, grin, glister, beam, meander, wind, widen, charm, bewitch, enthrall, entrance, enchant, allure, beguile, glitter, shimmer, sparkle twinkle, crest, quiver, slumber, herald, shelter, leap, click, climb, scuttle, dig, barter, chant, hum, chime, kiss, flirt, tempt, tease, play, seduce

Generic “Fantasy-Sounding” Word Parts

A - D

aaz, ada, adaer, adal, adar, adbar, adir, ae, ael, aer, aern, aeron, aeryeon, agar, agis, aglar, agron, ahar, akan, akyl, al, alam, alan, alaor, ald, alea, ali, alir, allyn, alm, alon, alor, altar, altum, aluar, alys, amar, amaz, ame, ammen, amir, amol, amn, amus, anar, andor, ang, ankh, ar, ara, aram, arc, arg, arian, arkh, arla, arlith, arn, arond, arthus, arum, arvien, ary, asha, ashyr, ask, assur, aster, astra, ath, athor, athra, athryn, atol, au, auga, aum, auroch, aven, az, azar, baal, bae, bael, bak, bal, balor, ban, bar, bara, barr, batol, batar, basir, basha, batyr, bel, belph, belu, ben, beo, bere, berren, berun, besil, bezan, bhaer, bhal, blask, blis, blod, bor, boraz, bos, bran, brath, braun, breon, bri, bry, bul, bur, byl, caer, cal, calan, cara, cassa, cath, cela, cen, cenar, cerul, chalar, cham, chion, cimar, clo, coram, corel, corman, crim, crom, daar, dach, dae, dago, dagol, dahar, dala, dalar, dalin, dam, danas, daneth, dannar, dar, darian, darath, darm, darma, darro, das, dasa, dasha, dath, del, delia, delimm, dellyn, delmar, delo, den, dess, dever, dhaer, dhas, dhaz, dhed, dhin, din, dine, diar, dien, div, djer, dlyn, dol, dolan, doon, dora, doril, doun, dral, dranor, drasil, dren, drian, drien, drin, drov, druar, drud, duald, duatha, duir, dul, dulth, dun, durth, dyra, dyver,

E - H

ea, eber, eden, edluk, egan, eiel, eilean, ejen, elath, eld, eldor, eldra, elith emar, ellesar, eltar, eltaran, elth, eltur, elyth, emen, empra, emril, emvor, ena, endra, enthor, erad, erai, ere, eriel, erith, erl, eron, erre, eryn, esk, esmel, espar, estria, eta, ethel, eval, ezro, ezan, ezune, ezil, fael, faelar, faern, falk, falak, farak, faril, farla, fel, fen, fenris, fer, fet, fin, finar, forel, folgun, ful, fulk, fur, fyra, fallon, gael, gach, gabir, gadath, gal, galar, gana, gar, garth, garon, garok, garne, gath, geir, gelden, geren, geron, ghal, ghallar, ghast, ghel, ghom, ghon, gith, glae, glander, glar, glym, gol, goll, gollo, goloth, gorot, gost, goth, graeve, gran, grimm, grist, grom, grosh, grun, grym, gual, guil, guir, gulth, gulur, gur, gurnth, gwaer, haa, hael, haer, hadar, hadel, hakla, hala, hald, halana, halid, hallar, halon, halrua, halus, halvan, hamar, hanar, hanyl, haor, hara, haren, haresk, harmun, harrokh, harrow, haspur, haza, hazuth, heber, hela, helve, hem, hen, herath, hesper, heth, hethar, hind, hisari, hjaa, hlath, hlond, hluth, hoarth, holtar, horo, hotun, hrag, hrakh, hroth, hull, hyak, hyrza

I - M

iibra, ilth, ilus, ilira, iman, imar, imas, imb, imir, immer, immil, imne, impil, ingdal, innar, ir, iriae, iril, irith, irk, irul, isha, istis, isil, itala, ith, ithal, itka, jada, jae, jaeda, jahaka, jala, jarra, jaro, jath, jenda, jhaamm, jhothm, jinn, jinth, jyn, kado, kah, kal, kalif, kam, kana, kara, karg, kars, karth, kasp, katla, kaul, kazar, kazr, kela, kelem, kerym, keth, keva, kez, kezan, khaer, khal, khama, khaz, khara, khed, khel, khol, khur, kil, kor, korvan, koll, kos, kir, kra, kul, kulda, kund, kyne, lae, laen, lag, lan, lann, lanar, lantar, lapal, lar, laran, lareth, lark, lath, lauth, lav, lavur, lazar, leih, leshyr, leth, lhaza, lhuven, liad, liam, liard, lim, lin, lirn, lisk, listra, lith, liya, llair, llor, lok, lolth, loran, lorkh, lorn, loth, lothen, luen, luir, luk, lund, lur, luth, lyndus, lyra, lyth, maal, madrasm maera, maer, maerim, maes, mag, magra, mahand, mal, malar, mald, maldo, mar, mara, mark, marl, maru, maruk, meir, melish, memnon, mer, metar, methi, mhil, mina, mir, miram, mirk, mista, mith, moander, mok, modir, modan, mon, monn, mor, more, morel, moril, morn, moro, morrow, morth, mort, morum, morven, muar, mul, mydra, myr, myra, myst

N - S

naar, nadyra, naedyr, naga, najar, nal, naal, nalir, nar, naruk, narbond, narlith, narzul, nasaq, nashkel, natar, nath, natha, neir, neth, nether, nhall, nikh, nil, nilith, noan, nolvurm nonthal, norda, noro, novul, nul, nur, nus, nyan, nyth, ober, odra, oghr, okoth, olleth, olodel, omgar, ondath, onthril, ordul, orish, oroch, orgra, orlim, ormath, ornar, orntath, oroch, orth, orva, oryn, orzo, ostel, ostor, ostrav, othea, ovar, ozod, ozul, palan, palad, pae, peldan, pern, perris, perim, pele, pen, phail, phanda, phara, phen, phendra, pila, pinn, pora, puril, pur, pyra, qadim, quar, quel, ques, quil, raah, rael, ran, ranna, rassil, rak, rald, rassa, reddan, reith, relur, ren, rendril, resil, reska, reth, reven, revar, rhy, rhynn, ria, rian, rin, ris, rissian, rona, roch, rorn, rora, rotha, rual, ruar, ruhal, ruil, ruk, runn, rusk, ryn, saa, saar, saal, sabal, samar, samrin, sankh, sar, sarg, sarguth, sarin, sarlan, sel, seld, sember, semkh, sen, sendrin, septa, senta, seros, shaar, shad, shadra, shae, shaen, shaera, shak, shalan, sham, shamath, shan, shana, sharan, shayl, shemar, shere, shor, shul, shyll, shyr, sidur, sil, silvan, sim, sintar, sirem, skar, skell, skur, skyr, sokol, solan, sola, somra, sor, ssin, stel, strill, suldan, sulk, sunda, sur, surkh, suth, syl, sylph, sylune, syndra, syth

T - Z

taak, taar, taer, tah, tak, tala, talag, talar, talas, talath, tammar, tanar, tanil, tar, tara, taran, tarl, tarn, tasha, tath, tavil, telar, teld, telf, telos, tempe, tethy, tezir, thaar, thaer, thal, thalag, thalas, thalan, thalar, thamor, thander, thangol, thar, thay, thazal, theer, theim, thelon, thera, thendi, theril, thiir, thil, thild, thimir, thommar, thon, thoon, thor, thran, thrann, threl, thril, thrul, thryn, thuk, thultan, thume, thun, thy, thyn, thyr, tir, tiras, tirum, tohre, tol, tolar, tolir, tolzrin, tor, tormel, tormir, traal, triel, trith, tsath, tsur, tul, tur, turiver, turth, tymor, tyr, uder, udar, ugoth, uhr, ukh, ukir, uker, usten, ulgarth, ulgoth, ultir, ulur, umar, umath, umber, unara, undro, undu, untha, upir, ur, ursa, ursol, uron, uth, uthen, uz, van, vaar, vaelan, vaer, vaern, val valan, valash, vali, valt, vandan, vanede, vanrak, var, varyth, vassa, vastar, vaunt, vay, vel, velar, velen, velius, vell, velta, ven, veren, vern, vesper, vilar, vilhon, vintor, vir, vira, virdin, volo, volun, von, voon, vor, voro, vos, vosir, vosal, vund, war, wara, whel, wol, wynn, wyr, wyrm, xer, xul, xen, xian, yad, yag, yal, yar, yath, yeon, yhal, yir, yirar, yuir, yul, yur, zail, zala, zalhar, zan, zanda, zar, zalar, zarach, zaru, zash, zashu, zemur, zhent, zim, ziram, zindala, zindar, zoun, zul, zurr, zuth, zuu, zym

A lot of places are named after historical events, battles, and people, so keep that in mind. God/Goddess names tied to your world also work well. Places are also often named after things that the area is known for, like Georgia being known for its peaches.

My brain was fried by the end of this so feel free to add more!

I hope you find this reference helpful and good luck world-building!

-Mel

#worldbuilding #d&d #dnd #writing resources #fantasy #word list #dungeons and dragons

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housingvault · 2 years ago

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HOUSINGVAULT REALTY SERVICES

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deriyasiq-blog · 4 years ago

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Sims Villa

Sims Villa (Now known as Penrose) is Jointly advanced by Award Winning Developers - City Developments Limited (CDL) and The Hong Leong Group. The Hong Leong

Holdings Limited (HLHL) started in 1968, It is 1 of the greatest land grandstand player in the area promote. Hong Leong Holdings is the pioneer in Local property industry,

regulating 8 undertaking and made around hundred private progressions for the more than 40 years. A part of the completed track records and on-going assignments join South

Beach, Coco Palms, The St. Regis Hotel and Residences, One Shenton, The Residences at W-Singapore - Sentosa Cove and some more.

The Group is one of the Asia's most prominent and successful mixes. It has different wonderful distinctions on its green engraving normally reasonable effort, building and

innovative arrangement. It has phenomenal responsibilities to the Singapore Property Market. For up to 50 over years, it has keep up the best quality in Singapore property

promote.

Penrose Condo is arranged at city outskirts at the center of the city which offers unrestrained 1 to 4 Bedrooms Types. It our exceptional new loft suite dispatch arranged along

Sims Drive in District 14. Sims Villa will be next especially searched for after errand with luxurious and top of the line finishes and fittings.

Sims Villa Pricing hasn't released now.

Sims Villa Location

Sims Villa is the most modern best in class new dispatch along Sims Drive @ District 14 under Kallang Master Plan. It is just a 5 minutes walk around the nearest Aljunied MRT

(EW9) station which is generally 400m away. 4 MRT stations from City Hall Station. Sims Villa dispatch is completely open by methods for 2 noteworthy interstates KPE

(Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway), PIE (Pan Island Expressway). Sims Villa Condo owners can get the chance to acknowledge neighborhood food spots, for instance, Old Airport

Rd Market and Food Center, Sims Vista exhibit and food center, and Kallang Estate Fresh Market and food center. If you lean toward continuously overall food preparing, you

may consider Jewel @ Changi or Paya Lebar Quarter Mall. Consistently staple products can be found at Sheng Siong, Giant Supermarkets and NTUC in the area. Malls like

Kallang Wave strip mall, Marina inlet Sands and Kallang Leisure park are just minutes drive away

For gatekeepers, you may examine schools, for instance, Geylang Methodist School, Cedar Girls' and Kong Hwa Sch which are all in all closeness of Penrose Condo.

Tenants of Sims Villa can examine enveloping extravagances using the Sims Villa region map.

Penrose Showflat

For showflat seeing course of action, liberally register through this association or simply dial +65 6100 9266 going before creation your trip to see Penrose Showroom. The

showflat may be closed for private events by architects or bolster goes after explicit days. As such we unequivocally ask and urge you to call or register for online course of action

before plunging.

If you had selected an internet meeting with us, mercifully don't enroll again to keep up a key good ways from duplication. If its all the same to you be ensured that we will connect

with you in 1-hour time to assert your plan. An email will in like manner be sent to you once enrolled with us.

We are starting at now in the primary time of enlistment - Registration of Interest for our VVIP Preview. Register your Interest exactly on schedule to be the first to see our great

Sims Villa (Penrose Showflat) when its readied for audit.

We will revive Sims Villa Balance Units Chart and Penrose Pricing in this official site once the endeavor is impelled.

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administrators' support and not more than 2 hours.

Sympathetically don't miss this remarkable city fringe condo suite dispatch close MRT. Only 570 specific units are available. Register now for Sims Villa VVIP Preview.

All costs communicated in this official site are at risk to changes moving along with no more notice.

About Sims Villa

Sims Villa (Penrose) is a City Fringe Condo in a prime region. The freshest townhouse dispatch of 570 units make by CDL and The Hong Leong Group. It is purposely arranged

along Sims Drive which was a GLS site (government land bargains). It is just a 5 minutes walk around the nearest Aljunied MRT (EW9) station which is generally 400m away. Sims

Villa allows the drivers to drive at whatever point it may suit them by 2 noteworthy turnpikes - KPE (Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway), PIE (Pan Island Expressway).

Tenants of Sims Villa, you will get the chance to acknowledge wide combinations of extravagances around the locale. Decisions from shopping, devouring, beguilement , we have

the as of late open PLQ Mall (Paya Lebar Quarter Mall) with 12 film screens, Kallang Wave Mall and Kallang Leisure Park. Sims Villa owners can find the opportunity to

acknowledge close by food spots, for instance, Old Airport Road Market and Food Center, Sims Vista publicize and food center, and Kallang Estate Fresh Market and food

center. In case you slant toward progressively widespread food preparing, you may consider Jewel @ Changi or Paya Lebar Quarter Mall

Sims Drive is under Kallang URA comprehensive technique with plans to resuscitate the Kallang River, The Kallang River will see another lease of life and development with

redesigned accessibility for the two walkers and cyclists. Occupants can look forward for new solaces and workplaces practically around the bend.

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thesimsvilla-blog · 5 years ago

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The Sims Villa Showroom

Sims Villa Showroom

Sims Villa is a City Fringe Condo in a prime district 14. It is Jointly developed by Award Winning Developers - City Developments Limited (CDL) & The Hong Leong Group. The Hong Leong Holdings Limited (HLHL) started in 1968, It is 1 of the largest real estate market player in the local market. Hong Leong Holdings is the pioneer in Local property industry, managing 8 commercial project and developed about hundred residential developments for the more than 40 years. Some of the completed track records and on-going projects include South Beach, Coco Palms, The St. Regis Hotel and Residences, One Shenton, The Residences at W-Singapore - Sentosa Cove & many more. This newest condo launch of 570 units is strategically located along Sims Drive which offers luxurious 1 to 4 Bedrooms Types. Sims Villa will be next highly sought after project with luxurious and top-notch finishes & fittings. It is just a 5 minutes’ walk to the nearest Aljunied MRT (EW9) station which is approximately 400m away. And 4 MRT stations from City Hall Station. Sims Villa launch is very accessible via 2 major expressways KPE (Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway), PIE (Pan Island Expressway). Sims Villa owners can get to enjoy local food spots such as Old Airport Rd Market & Food Centre, Sims Vista market & food centre, and Kallang Estate Fresh Market & food centre. If you prefer more international food cuisine, you may consider Jewel @ Changi or Paya Lebar Quarter Mall. Daily groceries can be found at Sheng Siong, Giant Supermarkets and NTUC in the vicinity. Shopping malls like Kallang Wave mall, Marina bay Sands and Kallang Leisure park are just minutes drive away Residents of Sims Villa, you will get to enjoy wide varieties of amenities around the vicinity. Selections from shopping, dining, entertainment, we have the newly open PLQ Mall (Paya Lebar Quarter Mall) with 12 movie screens, Kallang Wave Mall & Kallang Leisure Park. Sims Villa owners can get to enjoy local food spots such as Old Airport Road Market & Food Centre, Sims Vista market & food centre, and Kallang Estate Fresh Market & food centre. If you prefer more international food cuisine, you may consider Jewel @ Changi or Paya Lebar Quarter Mall Sims Drive is under Kallang URA master plan with plans to rejuvenate the Kallang River, The Kallang River will see a new lease of life & activity with enhanced connectivity for both pedestrians and cyclists. Residents can look forward for new amenities and facilities coming soon. For parents, you may explore schools such as Geylang Methodist School, Cedar Girls’ & Kong Hwa School which are all close proximity to Sims Villa. All Sims Villa Owner may browse and download both Sims Villa E-Brochure and Sims Villa Floor Plan here Residents of Sims Villa will can see surrounding amenities using the Sims Villa location map. For showflat viewing appointment, kindly register through this link or simply dial +65 6100 9266 before making your trip to view Sims Villa Showroom. The showflat may be closed for private events by developers or maintenance works on certain days. Therefore we strongly encourage and advise you to call or register for online appointment before coming down. For those who had registered online, you will be guaranteed of Getting the VVIP Early Bird Price & Discounts with NO COMMISSION payable by you. Please note that all balance units for sale at Sims Villa are based on first come first serve basis. For any reservation of unit, it is subiect to management’s approval and not more than 2 hours.

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sweetescapetci · 2 years ago

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What is the best travel itinerary in Turks & Caicos Islands?

Turks & Caicos Islands are tropical vacation paradise and eventful British Overseas vacation destination archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. It is a post-card perfect destination with tons of outdoor recreational adventure. The highlight of vacationing in TCI includes colorful coral reefs, tropical weather, and excursion tours both in and out of waters. All age of travelers find some thing or other in the beautiful British Overseas Territory. Exotic landscape in TCI encourages people to come for their share of perfect vacation moments.

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#turks and caicos beachfront rentals #turks and caicos private villa rentals

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delicatelysublimeforester · 6 years ago

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The city of Saskatoon, and the Rural Municipality of Corman Park #344 have collaborated. Together they installed a fence alongside Township Road 362A (Cedar Villa Road).

Fence on the south side of Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area parallel to Township Road 362A (Cedar Villa Road) along with signs stating No Dumping of any Material. Fines up to $25,000 Bylaw #8318 Call 975-2486 to report illegal dumping. No Motorized Vehicles allowed. City of Saskatoon.

City Council had previously voted to accept the proposal for vehicle barriers for the Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area.

Eliminating illegal use of motorized vehicles in the afforestation area and the wetlands will eliminate unprecedented erosion, ecological and habitat damage. Taking responsibility and accountability for the environment will increase public appreciation for a picturesque urban forest for educational classes, naturalists, bird watchers, winter fat bike cyclists, hikers and walkers on properly planned and designed pathways to mitigate the ecosystem footprint.

The two signs erected state: “No dumping of any material. Fines up to $25,000. Bylaw #8318. Call 975-2486 to report illegal dumping. No motorized vehicles allowed. City of Saskatoon.”

It is wonderful that the east side of the Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area has responded so well to the installation of Jersey barriers, and now illegal trespass by motorized vehicles in the forest has declined to virtually none. It is such a relief!

The chain link fencing combined with the page wire fence around the South West Off Leash Recreation Area, allows service vehicles to enter and the fencing keeps the dog walkers and the off leash dogs safe, and illegal trespass by motorized vehicles is also none.

The neighbouring residents of Cedar Villa Estates should also be able to enjoy that same level of ease and comfort living next to the Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area as they are. So, appreciation and great thanks are extended out to the Rural Municipality of Corman Park 344 and the City of Saskatoon to mitigate and reduce illegal trespass by motorized vehicles at this next area of the Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area along this stretch on the southern perimeter of the forest.

Thank you for keeping the illegal trespass by motorized vehicles out of the forest, indeed.

Photo by rawpixel.com on Pexels.com

Thank you to the civic officials of the City of Saskatoon and the RM of Corman Park 344

Photo by rawpixel.com on Pexels.com

Parent and Child in Nature

Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)

For more information:

Blairmore Sector Plan Report; planning for areas around the afforestation area and West Swale inside of Saskatoon city limits

P4G Saskatoon North Partnership for Growth The P4G consists of the Cities of Saskatoon, Warman, and Martensville, the Town of Osler and the Rural Municipality of Corman Park; planning for areas around the afforestation area and West Swale outside of Saskatoon city limits

Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area is located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada north of Cedar Villa Road, within city limits, in the furthest south west area of the city. 52° 06′ 106° 45′ Addresses: Part SE 23-36-6 – Afforestation Area – 241 Township Road 362-A Part SE 23-36-6 – SW Off-Leash Recreation Area (Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area ) – 355 Township Road 362-A S ½ 22-36-6 Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area (West of SW OLRA) – 467 Township Road 362-A NE 21-36-6 “George Genereux” Afforestation Area – 133 Range Road 3063 Wikimapia Map: type in Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area Google Maps South West Off Leash area location pin at parking lot Web page: https://stbarbebaker.wordpress.com Where is the Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area? with map Where is the George Genereux Urban Regional Park (Afforestation Area)? with map

Pinterest richardstbarbeb

Facebook Group Page: Users of the George Genereux Urban Regional Park

Facebook: StBarbeBaker

Facebook group page : Users of the St Barbe Baker Afforestation Area

Facebook: South West OLRA

Contact the Meewasin Valley Authority at 402 Third Avenue South Saskatoon, SK S7K 3G5 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The MVA has begun a Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area trust fund. If you wish to support the afforestation area with your donation, write a cheque to the “Meewasin Valley Authority Richard St. Barbe Baker Afforestation Area trust fund (MVA RSBBAA trust fund)”. Please and thank you! Twitter: StBarbeBaker Please contemplate joining the SOS Elms coalition or make a donation to SOS Elms ~ leave a message to support the afforestation area 😉

1./ Learn.

2./ Experience

3./ Do Something: ***

“I believed that God has lent us the Earth. It belongs as much to those who come after us as to us, and it ill behooves us by anything we do or neglect, to deprive them of benefits which are in our power to bequeath.” Richard St. Barbe Baker

New Fence, Woo Hoo! The city of Saskatoon, and the Rural Municipality of Corman Park #344 have collaborated. Together they installed a fence alongside Township Road 362A (Cedar Villa Road).

#cedar villa estates #Cedar Villa Road #chain link fencing #city #fines #Hamlet of Cedar Villa Estates #illegal trespass #motorized vehicles #no dumping #Rural Municipality of Corman Park #Rural Municipality of Corman Park 344 #Saskatchewan #Saskatoon #South West Off Leash Dog Park #South West Off Leash Recreation Area #South West Off Leash Recreatioo Area #Southwest OLRA #Township Road 362A

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simsvillas-blog · 5 years ago

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Sims Villa

Sims Villa is a prime city fringe development comprising of 570 units by CDL and The Hong Leong Group. The Hong Leong Group is well placed as a ingenious as well as respectable key property developer in Singapore. With its Hong Leong Holdings Limited and CDL Limited, the Group holds the biggest non-government household land bank. The Team has created numerous high quality developments in the Singapore CBD and prime estate such as One Shenton, The Residences at W Singapore- Sentosa Cove, The St. Regis Hotel and Residences.

The Group has won honors and recognition on its architectural, ingenious layout, eco-friendly mark eco lasting initiatives and payment to the Singapore country structure. For the past 5 decades. The Hong Leong Group as well as CDL have always remain fully committed as well as carrying out past restrictions to achieve and support the highest criterion in Singapore property industry.

Sims Villa is located in the heart of the city which consist of exclusive 1-4 Bedrooms unit kinds. It will certainly be our newest brand-new launch located at Sims Drive in prime Area 14 located in Marine Parade and Geylang estate. Sims Villa will be one more quality condo that will not dissatisfy all the purchasers.

Pricing of Sims Villa is yet to be revealed.

This exclusive development lies right at Sims Drive which is a government land sales site (GLS). Aljunied MRT station is the The closest MRT to Sims Villa which is just 400m away. Sims Villa condo is close to 2 significant expressways which are KPE and PIE that allows the trip to the rest of Singapore with ease.

Residents of Sims Villa Singapore will reach take pleasure in different dining, Shopping and home entertainment selections such as the recently open Paya Lebar Quarter Mall, Kallang Wave Mall and Kallang Recreation Park. For food centre as well as market, the locals can consider several prominent places such as Sims Vista market & food centre, Kallang Estate Fresh Market and old airport road market & food centre.

Sims Drive is under Geylang/ Marine URA Master plan as well as Kallang URA master plan which are well established residential areas, where great food, services and also acquainted heritage districts are within very easy reach. The locals of Sims Villa can expect more neighborhood facilities, commercial as well as entertainment offerings.

https://www.simsvillas.com.sg/

For moms and dads taking a look at institutions,Cedar Girls' school, Geylang Methodist School and Kong Hwa School are all near the brand-new launch condo.

All hopeful owners can surf and download and install both Sims Villa E-Brochure as well as Sims Villa Floor Plan below.

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architectuul · 6 years ago

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Human Architecture Needs A Dissident Instinct

“In every civilized community, Architecture has always been the most powerful sociological, cultural and historical cohesive factor; Architecture is the indispensable amalgam of the common life of diverse human beings.” Ljiljana Bakić

Pionir Sports Hall in Belgrade. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

Ljubica Slavković and Iva Čukić planned this interview questioning the meaning of the exhibition Toward a Concrete Utopia: Architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948–1980 in MoMA. The talk with Dragoljub Bakić presents a story of love, devotion and architecture of the inseparable Yugoslav architectural tandem Dragoljub and Ljiljana Bakić.

Dragoljub Bakić, Ljubica Slavković and Iva Čukić in a garden in the Višnjička Banja neighborhood in Belgrade.

HOUSING SETTLEMENTS

Before meeting Dragoljub we have passed through the settlement that the couple designed. After reaching the beautiful house in a row with a garden and a view over the Danube river, we were completely blinded of all this beauty.

DB: It is interesting how there is now a curiosity in what we did in the era of socialism. This discovery started with Rem Koolhaas, who saw what Energoprojekt built in Lagos, Nigeria. During the time of socialist Yugoslavia, we did not have an Iron Curtain like the other Eastern European countries. What is obvious is that we had other types of restrictions that did not allow to be discovered what was happening here. We were signed off as an eastern block, at least as far as the West was concerned.

Our architecture developed through cooperation with each other and also under the Balkan Association of Architects. Good architecture was made here. I think that we developed a great part of the Modern and Post-Modern architecture.

Plan for the residential area Višnjička Banja. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

During the period of Yugoslavia, a lot of apartments were built; housing construction was higher than it was in the West. Especially, because we had a political project with the idea of the right to an apartment. It was under a certain level of control with specific criteria and sizes of flats. In the socialist system the needs of people were somehow equalized. Both a faculty professor and a worker received the same square footage, although the first one needed a library and the other a big kitchen, but it was all averaged.

Višnjička Banja housing in the 1980s. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

When the time for designing Višnjička Banja came, the residential area where we have lived for the past 35 years, we had very strict conditions. However, we were protected by the General Plan of Belgrade (GUP) from 1972. Urban laws were well respected in the time of socialism and could not be changed as today how any one likes. Nobody respects anything today. Višnjička Banja was supposed to be another Dedinje, a fine living area where Belgrade will give vent to large conglomerates such as New Belgrade. The predicted density was 90 inhabitants per hectare. Such density created a garden settlement and the plan foresaw individual houses and villas in set in greenery.

Housing in greenery at Višnjička Banja. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

But still, besides the individual houses, the settlement has also multi-dwelling units?

DB: The changes that followed and the transition to socially oriented housing construction led to designing for the housing needs of the workers from different companies in the municipality. We proposed a system of low-rise houses to preserve the natural environment and take advantage of the space. Instead of making a multistory building we laid the building down. We argued for more square meters than planned, because it only made sense with the proposed density, and we designed the apartments with the impression of individual houses. They all have terraces with a view of the Danube and open spaces next to the kitchen. We were thrilled when we first came here as everything was completely bare; nobody wanted to build because of the exposition to the Košava wind. Today the location is completely different as pine and cedar trees planted by residents thrive well. I planted the pine tree next to you 35 years ago and there was another one, which I had to cut because it was too close to the house. These pines and cedar trees have completely changed the microclimate, and Košava now skips the site.

The whole settlement of Višnjička Banja looks out to the Danube, instead of facing the sun and south creating transversal cross ventilation and visions in all apartments. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

You have lived here since the construction period and the moving into the settlement. How have things changed here over the past 35 years?

DB: The settlement consists of buildings in a row, high buildings with apartments for workers of the company, and houses in rows that were on the market through one of the then five large-scale housing cooperatives. A very interesting social layer has moved in here - at least 15 architects from Energoprojekt, directors, actors, writers, chess players. We hung out together back then as we still do today. We gather almost every week, for a hot brandy at my place, or we meet at his house, her yard, we live together in the settlement. We believe that this way of living has contributed to bringing people closer. The neighborhood relations were developed because of the low density of the urbanism. We consciously designed them in the form of a horseshoe, so each building has its own yard, a sloping terrain with children’s playgrounds or benches. Where neighbors can meet, now I can see that someone has planted some flowers.

In Višnjička Banja’s neighborhood a Scandinavian architectural atmosphere was implemented. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

The neighborhood spirit has been developed. The measure of success for an architect is the measure of client and investor satisfaction, and in general, that is the essence of our call. In these 35 years 50% of the population structure has changed, many have died; a lot of families sold their houses and left because of the war at the beginning of the 1990s. Initially, there were no fences here but people began to encircle their houses because of pets. The new tenants are not interested in socializing, or even greeting. Our new neighbor has put up a metal fence and grids on all his windows. You’ll see this on many homes. An interesting sociological phenomenon is going on and it also speaks about the sociological structure of society; what we have become, who we are, and against whom we fight.

Architects have social coordinates, and the society and its development determine the coordinates in which you create as an architect. But also, as an architect, you create a society. And that is not easy. You said that at the time of designing Višnjička Banja, you were protected by the GUP, but the execution and settling in the early 80’s were significantly hampered. Why?

DB: What we went through with the Višnjička Banja project. We moved into the house in 1983-84. When those in positions of power realized what was built here, they accused us of destroying the socialist morality. All audits passed here, we got all the permits, but as architects, we were branded. It turned out that Višnjička Banja became a new Dedinje, a fancy living area, but there were no people in position here. Only us citizens. And our keys were confiscated, it was a big affair. When the settlement was built and we moved in, we become victims of a great affair, to the extent that we were expelled from Energoprojekt.

The project of Višnjička Banja was accepted by the city and municipal authorities and was known as quality living made with cheap but quality brick and tiles produced by Energorpojekt. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

At the beginning of the 1980s, Energoprojekt pulled all its forces towards a huge project in Iraq. Only the guards were left here, and construction completely stopped even though people had already paid their homes in advance. Years passed, things changed, the dollar and dinars ratio changed, the money was gone, but the houses were unfinished. At that time, we were working on a project in Harare. When we finished our project in Harare, we were invited to return to Belgrade. The contractors asked us then to increase the square footage in the whole settlement so the people who had already paid for their houses would have to pay more. Of course, breaking the architectural ethics was not an option; we refused to do such a thing. All of a sudden, they declared us enemies to Energoprojekt. What we passed through was recorded by a bunch of newspaper articles. Fortunately, there were also honest people, both among the judges and colleagues, so in October 1984 we returned back to the company.

But what happened with the tenants of Višnjička Banja and the demands to pay more money for the houses? How did people move in here?

DB: By June 1983, after Energoprojekt confiscated the keys and asked for large surcharges, the tenants made a decision. The first 110 of them made a line with their cars on the Slanački road in the early morning at 6am. They all burst into the village, broke doors, changed locks, and moved into their homes. They saved us our key, as we were in Harare at the time, and when we came, they gave it to us. Our door was the only one, which was not ruined. That’s how people moved in here.

And this is how the community spirit emerged even before settling in the area. I believe that is because all of your work is done with a strong sense of building a more humane society through, or with architecture.

AGAINST CLICHES

All your creativity is permeated with a strong awareness of the ultimate user and the impact of architecture on the lives of people, as well as a struggle through architecture for a more humane society. That is what Mrs. Bakić perfectly illustrated in her book, “Anatomy of B & B Architecture”, while presenting your design principles.

DB: We always had a dissident instinct against every kind of dictatorship and ruling clichés and we were constantly struggling. In the Nova Galenika settlement, which we designed in 1976, we were first to introduce slanted roofing. We had big clashes, for example with the president of the Zemun municipality. We had to reiterate that this roof is cheaper than a flat slab, which at the time had to have 17 layers in order to not leak. And would always later crack and leak water. But we manage to do it even so that after Nova Galenika, a new regulation was made that flat roof terraces had to have slanted roofs.

Drawing for the Nova Galenika settlement (1976). | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

The basis of Nova Galenika was the natural asymmetric scattering of the solitaire in the vertical sense, connecting the solitaires with their horizontal openness into organic groups. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

Your design principles and creative expression are highly inspired by the architecture of Scandinavia, by the relationship with nature, local materials and the quality of space. We see that in the settlement of Višnjička Banja, and in Galenika, but also through your entire relationship to space and materials.

DB: A great impact was the year 1970, which we spent in Finland, in Alvar Aalto’s Bureau. This was possible because of Energoprojekt. And it was a beautiful bureau in Helsinki. We showed them what we had done in Kuwait and they loved the slides and were interested in cooperation.

Collective Housing in Kuwait (1966) by Ljiljana Bakić and the office Said Breik & Marwan Kalo. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

There, they lived in row houses, and we were so enthralled by this spirit that we disregarded the latitude and longitude, we wanted to pass something of this spirit in architecture to Belgrade. We were deeply convinced, almost obsessed, that the projected environment could raise the level of living awareness and change people’s habits. But it turned out that in addition to geography, a little spirit on this subject was also needed. Višnjička Banja has shown that it was the correct way of living, very human with the socialization of neighbors, but afterwards it did not cast roots. In a whole series that could have followed this, people began building huge weekend houses.

Why Aalto, how did you even reach Finland in the 60s of the last century from Belgrade?

DB: Because we had a great professor, the architect Nikola Dobrović. He used to put on a bow tie and a black suit when he was teaching about Wright. A great influence on us had also the Hansaviertel in Berlin, where the ruins after the bombing were cleaned and where Oscar Niemeyer, Alvar Aalto, top leading architects of that period were engaged. We studied this cases because we could learn from their housing construction.

Ljiljana and Dragoljub Bakić at the opening of the Pionir Sports Hall in Belgrade, 1973. | Photo via CAB

In Yugoslavia we stepped out of many frames, which was possible because of the Non-aligned Movement. In the world we were recognized and evaluated in such a way. At one point Energoprojekt worked in 45 countries and it was at the very top of the construction companies in the world. The West knew about Tito and knew us through Tito, but they did not know us through architecture.

One of your cult projects and facilities, at least in Belgrade's life, is the Pionir Sports Hall.

DB: The design and performance of the Pionir Sports Hall was very interesting. The mayor Branko Pešić was a boxer and he wanted to organize the European Boxing Championship of '73 in Belgrade. As Belgrade didn’t have a sports hall at that time the building began in that year. The 25 May Sports Center by Ivo Antić was built. While Antić’s parallel piped roof was constructed we designed and built the entire Pionir. In nine and a half months we did both the project and the construction, and we could not do it differently than to make it prefabricated. We had a group of genius construction engineers in Energoprojekt.

For the Pionir building 90% of the structure was done on the ground and then raised. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

A year before the championship, seven large construction companies were invited to present their conceptual design and construction cost. We had about seven days to come up with the project, cost and time of construction. But then, we were also 32 years old, youth-crazy and as we say, could do anything. Energoprojekt got the job, and we got going. It was done so quickly, and the hall became a cult place for Belgrade sports.

Floor plan for the Pionir Hall. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

The task was that the hall should also serve for hockey, which means a fence that in turn led to steeper seating. Much later, a separate Ice Hall was created, which we consider to be our best project. But Pionir’s stands remained unusually steep, which made it a true home for fans. All of our clubs like to play there, the viewers, supporters, inspire them. They are their sixth player, with steep seating like that; they are almost with the players in the field! And those construction beams are five centimeters thick. The Energoprojekt’s construction engineer Vlada Vračarić was a total genius.

The Ice Hall. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

Why do you consider the Ice Hall as your best project?

DB: First of all, we consider it to be best fitted in its surroundings. We took off one side of the seating stands because we came to the very street. We did not have room for a two-sided auditorium, and this one-sidedness gave it character. But that roof, that used to be blue, and the way it fit in the environment, that is our cult image.

The cult image of the Ice Hall. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

TEAM WORK, HOME AND ABROAD

The Pionir Hall is Ljiljana’s and your first jointly done building, and many more followed.

DB: We have been working as a team for 40 years. We saw that in Finland - many teams had two or three members, and often there were teams of architects that were spouses. We met a lot of them, great Finland architects that were spouses who worked as teams. With time and experience, you start to think similarly, you begin to synchronize. Of course, you do not argue a lot. Well, we argued a lot, but I always gave in. We were lucky to work a lot abroad. There were a lot of projects that were not constructed, and that’s a shame.

Spouse’s sensitivity established over the years creates understanding of each other’s work. | Photo by Rade Kovač

If you seriously treat the importance of given conditions and conditionality, if you establish a certain level of ethics, of your calling, if you treat with equal importance both the outside and inside, and the facade is not the only importance to you, it was always important to us and what is inside and the relationship towards the surroundings, then it all becomes very natural. Some things you do not have to always start over, they are known. Ljiljana was a well-known mathematician at school, she easily drafted and did everything else, and so was I. But I think that the first violin was always Ljiljana.

We do have our own individual projects, we didn’t always work together. Then came the time when I had to deal more with organization, management, especially in Harare. Ljiljana was more burdened with designing, and me chasing after clients, getting payments, getting work.

You’ve done a lot of projects, but there are a lot of those who just stayed on paper. Which one do you particularly regret not being made?

DB: It would be a project in South Africa, for the central eight blocks in Cape Town. We consider it the most interesting of our projects. Of course, our best projects are our two daughters, but we are now talking within the framework of Energoprojekt. Cape Town is best known for its diamonds, so we designed eight huge city blocks symbolically as diamonds. It was a very interesting project, but in the end it all depends on who you have as an investor.

The model for the Cape Town project. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

It happened suddenly, a person from Cape Town appeared at Energoprojekt with a question: “I have a program, can you do a project?” The general director of Energoprojekt noticed his tattered sweater and repaired shoe, therefore he said that this guy might not be serious. I replied that we shall work on such an interesting program. It turned out that the director was right. Both project we created with Ljiljana were well accepted by the city administration and also presented via articles in the newspapers as a symbol of Cape Town, such as the Opera in Sydney.

Plans for the Cape Town project. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

However, in the early 1990s a change in power occurred in the South African Republic. It turned out that the person offering us work was a former mercenary who was killing black people. The project was stopped. However, I had hope that with Cape Town’s local administration we could continue the project in a different way but in the meantime we moved with Ljiljana to Zimbabwe to run the Energoprojekt burro there.

Never constructed eight city blocks in Cape Town, The Republic of South Africa (1993). | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

The former mercenary somehow found us in Zimbabwe as he found out that I have a connection with the main architect of the Cape Town municipality. He admitted to me that he killed people and that if I will make another trip to Cape Town for this project he would do the same to me. Ljiljana would not hear of us stopping to do it, she was so in love with this project, she accused me being a coward. In the end, we dropped that project and that left us with regret. Afterwards Cape Town started to develop as any other city. We consider this to be our biggest project that was not constructed.

ENERGOPROJEKT

You have spent your lifetime in Energoprojekt, in Belgrade and around the world. How did it all begin?

DB: Energoprojekt took college students. Professor Boža Petrović suggested to Energoprojekt to hire me and Ljiljana. The famous Milica Šterić immediately accepted me as a man, but she did not want to hire women architects at all. It was in 1963 and I was 24 years old. I got then into Energoprojekt and stayed there until my retirement. A few years later, when we were supposed to work on a competition for a spa in Igalo, I proposed to Milica that Ljiljana join us. When she saw how Ljiljana thinks and works, she made an exception and employed a female architect.

Ljiljana Bakić at TIM 10 architecture and urbanism Energoprojekt. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

Milica Šterić was extremely important for our architectural environment, as the director of Energoprojekt, as an architect, as an author. And she was progressive with her ideas. How come such attitude towards women?

DB: I don’t know why she only worked with men. She was a miracle of a woman, but something of that composition that was then in Energoprojekt irritated her, and she decided that she would no longer accept women. She changed her decision when she met Ljiljana, but she remained an exception. Though we had very many women technicians, who were very important to us in our work. We had top-notch technicians who you really only lead through the main idea, and they solve the rest. And back then, we drew every detail, gutters, and canopies.

Milica Šterić with her team at Energoprojekt. | Photo via Žene u arhitekturi

On the other hand, we can also say that Šterić played an enormous role in the development of our architectural profession, that is, the development of the author’s creativity and the quality that has arisen from it?

DB: Yes. At one point, Milica Šterić decided to withdraw from Energoprojekt, which was concerned more with energy, hydro power plants, dams, industries, heating plants, etc. When Milica formed a team with Zoran Bojović, Ljiljana and me in the early seventies, she decided to separate from Energoprojekt. We created a special design office, subdivided it into bureaus. Ljiljana and I were running a bureau of 7 in total, and we were called Atelier 5. Everyone had their own investors and salaries. We were particularly chasing business, acquiring investors, and it remained so till the end.

We are talking about the time of socialism, and you are talking about a market game and individuality. How’s that now?

DB: It was not customary for such a large social enterprise to individualize itself to that extent. Energoprojekt was special, it had 5,500 engineers and a workers’ council. Neither I nor Ljiljana were ever members of the party, and our whole life we did what we wanted, so nobody interfered with us. That is something that is not possible here today.

All this was largely due to Milica Šterić. The freedom that we had, the great confidence that she had in us young people. She developed herself by spending a good period of time working with Jaap Bakema in the Netherlands. In our country, she was the first to make a bearing glass facade, which is no longer present, and it was done with the most common ethermitte in the parapet. Very simple and cheap. She received the 7th of July Award for that house. She was an extraordinary personality, infinitely unselfish, in love with architecture at the cost of her private life. And also a great partisan. She kept our backs, of course, but the party did not meddle in what should be professional - unlike today.

Milica Šterić (1984). | Photo from the SAS catalogue “Nagrada arhitekture Srbije”

Yes, Milica played a big part. But there was also a system; our possibilities were unbelievable in relation to yours. We lived completely in a different time, with other conditions, opportunities, and career developments. What is happening today is horrible.

It is very interesting that thanks to Milica within a huge social enterprise we could sign as authors. It could not happen everywhere. Energoprojekt nurtured it; we struggled to be able to sign as authors. In smaller offices the directors were always the signatories of the projects. It was only in Energoprojekt that the architects themselves were signed as authors and this was a great achievement that we had won.

Your careers started in Kuwait and ended in Zimbabwe?

DB: We were very young when we went to Kuwait. With 25 years old this was a good period in our lives. This was the only time when Ljiljana and I work separately; me in Energoprojekt’s office and Ljiljana in the private office of construction engineers Sait Breik and Marwan Kalo. In order to get employed there she needed a special permit from Energoprojekt because it was a competition firm. At that time Yugoslavia was an exemplary ordered country. Especially in Kuwait, Ljiljana did a lot of projects because their office was then one of the busiest.

They begged us to stay there, but loyalty to Energoprojekt and our professor who employed us there were greater. We returned in 1966, and on that occasion we visited in detail almost all the Arab countries. In my opinion, study tours for architects have greater value than the study of architecture itself.

Headquarters of the Government of Zambia and the UNI Party1, Lusaka, Zambia, 1968-69. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

Our daughter Olga was born in 1967 and Biljana one year later. For Ljiljana and me our family was a sanctuary above everything else, therefore Ljiljana cut her career and spent the next four years devoting her attention to the education of our children. This proved to be very good because they have become more successful than their parents. We are proud of them as well as of our wonderful and serious sons in laws, Radovan and David. Our five grandchildren - Katarina (16), Julia (13), Jan Gabriel (12), Luk Daniel (10) and Klara Rose (8) are a real miracle. They live in New York and Warsaw, and they are growing so far away from us that with the years passing, it’s getting harder to meet them.

You were going back and forth, Yugoslavia, Middle East, Africa?

DB: We lived in Zimbabwe on two occasions in 1982/83 and in 1994/2001. During our first stay, we worked on the Congress Center with the Sheraton Hotel, which we received through an international competition. The project was published in detail in Anthony Krafft’s edition “The Contemporary Architecture of the World - 1987/88” in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Sheraton Harare Hotel is located next to the International Conference Centre in the capital city of Zimbabwe. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

During the second stay in Harare, we managed two Energoprojekt design offices Desicon and Bakić Architects. The second one was registered in our names because we had to get a RIBA license, but in practice we gave it to Energoprojekt. Bakić Architects has done and implemented dozens of projects mainly working for various ministries of the Government of Zimbabwe, and has received high recognition from the United Nations, which included it in its special list of 20 designer boutiques firms (up to 50 employees) around the world.

Headquarters of the Government of Zambia (model). | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

Out of our 40 years of intense architectural practice, we worked more than 10 years abroad. We worked very hard as very often we brought our work home from the office and continued solving the architecture. We’ve been in such a way for nearly 60 years.

THE ANATOMY OF LIFE

You participated in many World Congresses of the International Architects Union - UIA, which has its headquarters in Paris. Which one do you particularly emphasize?

DB: Those encounters with numerous architects from all over the world meant a lot to us. UIA congresses became very popular and gathered thousands of architects. The ones in Madrid in 1975 and in Montreal in 1990 were special. Particularly important for us was the one held in Chicago in 1993, where Ljiljana had her report especially praised by the President of the UIA - Greek architect Vasilis Zgutas, as well as the one held in Barcelona in 1996, when our Olga had her report immediately after the completed master’s study at Cornell University in America.

Dragoljub and Ljiljana with their daughters Biljana and Olga. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

In Chicago, we officially represented our country’s delegation to the Congress, and it was only Ljiljana, because they did not allow me to enter the United States because of the international sanctions. However, I had a decent substitute, because our younger daughter Biljana accompanied her. She had already settled in America that year and started her trip towards a triple magistrate and graduation at Harvard.

In Barcelona, we were again official representatives as the delegation of Zimbabwe and as Vasilis Zgutas commented - that we are indestructible - we lose one country and we quickly find another one. Barcelona was and is now a soft spot for architects. It is one of the most successfully urbanized cities of the world, especially architecturally enriched after 1992 when the Olympic Games were held there.

What else did you do besides the architectural practice and design?

DB: Our profession has a lot of charms. It is welcome in many human activities in the field of culture, but also in real life as well. It directly affects the lives of people and makes them richer and more beautiful, and people are often are not aware of it. The greater the awareness about architecture itself, the more the business is respected in society. And vice versa.

Unfortunately in the last 30 years, all human values have been turned upside down here, and our profession, like many others, passes heavy days at the very margin of society. We remember something different and we are happy to remember that.

Ljiljana’s book “Anatomy of B & B Architecture” was awarded Ranko Radović Award (2012) in Serbia for the critical theoretical texts on architecture.

Ljiljana was the one who always wrote well, so she continued writing alongside her architectural practice, which is not often the case with architects. She seriously dealt with the philosophy of architecture, the theory of architecture and architectural criticism, and was very appreciated especially by the professional public. She has written dozens of texts, not just about architecture and urbanism, but also about the socio-political, sociological, and cultural environment in which we lived and worked. Many are represented in the book published in 2012 Anatomy of B & B Architecture.

Together we were also very active when it came to exhibitions of architecture and design. I was more active in the Association of the architects of Yugoslavia and Serbia, where I was the president of the Court of Honor for 20 years. We were very much concerned with the profession and it would happen that we deny membership in our Association to those who break the Moral Code of our architectural practice.

What the city administrations has in the meantime made of Belgrade, especially with the wild construction and investor urbanism, it would be difficult to qualify it today even for some Rural Sports Games.

You have received a lot of professional acknowledgments and rewards during your working life. Which ones are especially important for you?

DB: What I consider to be the biggest prize is the acknowledgment Ljiljana received in 2016, when selected to be among the 100 best and most important architects and designers of Europe for the period from 1918 to 2018. The MoMoWo- Modern Movement Women project is dedicated to the accomplishments of architects and designers throughout Europe and the year 1973 was dedicated to Ljiljana for the project of the Pionir Sports Hall.

What are you doing today?

DB: Both Ljiljana and I have entered our 80th year of life. Ljiljana continues to extensively write, this time her second book based on extensive journals that she diligently led during all of our turbulent and transitional years. We, who were born in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, have changed five countries. From a large, populous and coastal country we learned to love, we now have a small continental one that continues to dwindle with both territory and population and for which we still do not know the boundaries and which we still cannot manage to make it resemble a real and normal state.

Again, according to the principle I have been holding on to for a long time - Carpe diem - I am trying to make, in a creative way, various things and entertainment in our yard for the short time during the summer when our grandchildren visit us. I work a lot in the garden, which I find inspiring and on a hill, from which the view of the Danube is beautiful. We are only five kilometers from the city center and yet we live in complete nature with a multitude of birds and animals.

Ljiljana and Dragoljub Bakič at the MoMoWo exhibition in Belgrade (2018). | Photo by Rade Kovač

As Ljiljana continues to deal only with her writing, I had to take over the kitchen and in the everyday cooking I discover great creative possibilities and in time it has also become a hobby.

You are still very strong and active in the public sphere, and persistent in fighting for the future of Belgrade, and not only in terms of architecture.

DB: I am engaged with a bit of professional and civic activism, because I think that citizens should not hide their heads in the sand, but if they are educated then it is their duty to express their views when needed. I am trying to give my contribution to the fight against the uncaring and the unqualified city government that demonstrates its power by deploying real Urbicid in the systematic and daily destruction of the country’s Capitol. Unfortunately, they are successful because our profession, preoccupied by bare survival, absolutely provides no resistance.

Do you think that there is something that should be explicitly explained which might then be the conclusion for this story?

DB: It bothers me that as the prevailing impression remains that thousands of flowers flourished in all those past times. And that was not the case at all. This, our very own Orwell, which we experienced in 1984, was made by powerful local politicians within one of the only existing political parties, to hide and draw away public attention from the just discovered malpractices’ of private purchases of apartments in downtown. In this, they were ardently supported by a group of our colleagues from Energoprojekt, a group of unappreciated architects, who were blinded by great envy. They could not forgive me and Ljiljana for the huge success we achieved with the project of the Congress Center in Zimbabwe and the very fact that we personally brought this business to Energoprojekt.

Male and female architects at work in the Department of Architecture and Urbanism at the headquarters of a major construction firm Energoprojekt in Belgrade. | Photo Courtesy Energoprojekt Archive

The whole world was opening for us. Suddenly, we stood out. We had to be cut. And that’s what happened. We were stopped in our 45th years of life, at the very peak of our careers when we were able to give the most.

All this happened in the second half of the 1980s, in the era of social ownership and the rule of a political party. Today there is private property, bared liberal capitalism and again the rule of one political party. Everything could be reasoned with if there were real institutions and the rule of law. In our 80 years of life, we have not managed to experience this wonder which is called the Rule of Law.

In those 80 years a lot has changed, but even with Yugoslavia – we cannot speak of it as a uniform entity, neither in time nor in space.

DB: Of course, in the era of socialism there were great differences, compare let’s say Serbia and Slovenia. For example, we could not even dream of having private offices, nor did any architect dream of having a private house. It would be normal for you as an architect to first try your experience on your own home - why not buy it and do it. I would say that as a condition: first you have to make a project for your house, and then for others. This was massive in Slovenia, for us, all that time they were the complete West. Slovenian architects really started with their homes, there was no architect there who did not designed his own house.

But then, in the end, you live in the house you have designed!

DB: Of course, that was one of our tricks.

Dragoljub Bakić at his home. | Courtesy of Dragoljub Bakić

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With Dragoljub Bakić were talking Ljubica Slavković and Iva Čukić

#interview

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