#Car Removal Gladstone

[luckymetalsau]

Efficient and Eco-Friendly Car Removal Services in Rockhampton

Are you looking to free up some space in your garage or get rid of that old, non-functional vehicle sitting in your backyard? Look no further! Our top-notch car removal services in Rockhampton are here to cater to all your vehicle removal needs, providing you with a hassle-free and environmentally responsible solution.

Why Choose Our Car Removal Services in Rockhampton?

Quick and Convenient: Our professional team understands the urgency of removing an unwanted car. Car Removal Rockhampton We prioritize your time and schedule by providing efficient and swift removal services, ensuring a seamless process from start to finish.

Top Cash for Your Car: We believe in fair deals! Even if your car is old, damaged, or no longer operational, we offer competitive prices based on its condition, make, and model. Say goodbye to your old car and hello to some extra cash in your pocket.

Environmentally Responsible: As a responsible car removal service, we adhere to eco-friendly disposal practices. We ensure that all components of the removed vehicles are handled in an environmentally sustainable manner, reducing our collective carbon footprint.

Free Towing Service: Don't worry about additional towing costs! Our car removal services include free towing, saving you from the hassle and expense of transporting your vehicle to the removal site.

Experienced Professionals: Our team consists of experienced professionals who are well-versed in the intricacies of car removal. Car Removal Rockhampton With their expertise, you can rest assured that the entire process will be handled with utmost care and efficiency.

How Our Car Removal Process Works:

Get in Touch: Give us a call or fill out our online form to provide details about your vehicle, including its make, model, and condition.

Receive a Quote: Based on the information provided, we'll offer you a competitive quote for your car.

Schedule a Pickup: Once you accept the quote, we'll schedule a convenient time for the pickup, which includes our free towing service.

Instant Payment: Upon the successful removal of your car, we'll provide you with instant payment as per the agreed-upon quote.

Eco-Friendly Disposal: Rest assured that your car will be disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner, with all usable parts salvaged and recycled appropriately.

Contact Us for Hassle-Free Car Removal in Rockhampton:

Say goodbye to your old, unwanted vehicle and hello to a clutter-free space and some extra cash in your pocket. Contact us today to avail of our efficient and eco-friendly Car Removal Rockhampton. Our friendly team is ready to assist you with all your car removal needs!

[flashcarremoval]

Streamlined Car Removal Services in Gladstone: Your Hassle-Free Solution

In the bustling city of Gladstone, where life moves at a fast pace, vehicle-related issues can be a significant inconvenience. Whether you have an old car that's been sitting in your garage for years or a damaged vehicle taking up space, finding an efficient and reliable car removal service is essential. Fortunately, Flash Car Removal in Gladstone offers the perfect solution to your car removal needs.

Efficiency at Its Best

At Flash Car Removal, we understand that your time is precious. That's why we have streamlined our car removal process to be as quick and hassle-free as possible. When you contact us, our team swings into action immediately. We assess your vehicle's condition, provide you with a fair and competitive quote, and schedule a convenient time for the removal.

Eco-Friendly Disposal

We take pride in our eco-friendly approach to car removal. Old, abandoned vehicles can leak harmful chemicals into the environment, posing a threat to the local ecosystem. Flash Car Removal ensures that your vehicle is disposed of responsibly, adhering to all environmental regulations. We salvage and recycle as much of the vehicle as possible, minimising the impact on the environment.

Top Dollar for Your Vehicle

One of the standout features of Flash Car Removal is our commitment to offering top dollar for your vehicle, regardless of its condition. Even if your car is no longer running or severely damaged, we believe it still has value. Our experts evaluate your vehicle meticulously to provide you with the best possible price. You can rest assured that you're getting a fair deal for your car.

Wide Range of Vehicles Accepted

Flash Car Removal doesn't discriminate based on the type of vehicle you have. Whether it's a sedan, SUV, truck, van, or even a motorcycle, we're interested! We remove vehicles of all shapes and sizes, making us your one-stop solution for any car removal needs you might have.

Professional and Friendly Team

Our team of professionals is not only highly skilled but also friendly and courteous. We understand that parting ways with your vehicle, even if it's no longer in use, can be an emotional experience. Our team members handle each removal with care and empathy, ensuring a stress-free experience for you.

Convenience at Your Doorstep

Car removal Mackay couldn’t be more convenient with Flash Car Removal. Once you agree to our quote, we come to your location, whether it's your home, workplace, or any other spot in Gladstone. You don’t have to worry about transporting the vehicle to us; we handle everything, making the process incredibly convenient for you.

24/7 Availability

Emergencies don't have a schedule, and neither do we! Flash Car Removal operates 24/7, ensuring that we're available whenever you need us. Whether it's a sudden decision or a carefully planned removal, our team is just a phone call away, ready to assist you.

Testimonials That Speak Volumes

Our satisfied customers are a testament to our exceptional service. They have praised our efficiency, professionalism, and fair pricing. Reading their experiences can provide you with the confidence you need when choosing Flash Car Removal for your vehicle removal needs.

In conclusion, Flash Car Removal in Gladstone stands as a reliable, efficient, and eco-conscious solution for all your car removal requirements. With our seamless process, top-dollar offers, and 24/7 availability, we ensure that your car removal experience is not only hassle-free but also financially rewarding.

If you have a vehicle that needs removal or if you simply want to inquire about our services, don’t hesitate to contact us. Let Flash Car Removal in Gladstone take the burden off your shoulders, leaving you with a satisfying experience and a pocket full of cash.

[flashcarremovals]

The Best Used Car for sale in Mackay: Our Top Picks

Mackay is a great place to find a used car that fits your needs and budget. With so many options available, knowing where to start your search can take a lot of work. When it comes to buying a used car, Mackay residents have a lot of options. However, not all used cars are created equal, and it's essential to do your research before making a purchase. The best-used vehicles are well-maintained, have a good service history, and are reasonably priced. To help you search for the perfect used car, we've compiled a list of our top picks for the best-used cars for sale in Mackay.

When looking for a used car, it's essential to consider your needs and budget. Are you looking for a spacious SUV for your growing family, a fuel-efficient commuter vehicle, or a sporty car for weekend drives? Once you've determined your needs, you can start looking at the different makes and models available in your price range.

Another essential factor is the car's service history and maintenance records. A well-maintained vehicle is more likely to be reliable and perform well. It's also a good idea to have a mechanic inspect the car before purchasing to ensure no hidden issues.

To help you out, we've compiled a list of the best-used cars for sale in Mackay.

Honda Civic - The Honda Civic is a reliable and fuel-efficient car perfect for city driving. It offers a comfortable ride and a spacious interior. It's also easy to maintain and repair, making it an excellent choice for first-time car owners.

Toyota Corolla - The Toyota Corolla is another excellent option for city driving. It's known for its reliability, fuel efficiency, and low maintenance costs. It also offers a comfortable ride and a spacious interior, making it an excellent choice for families.

Mazda3 - The Mazda3 is a stylish and sporty car that offers a fun driving experience. It's also fuel-efficient and easy to maintain. It's perfect for those who want a vehicle that looks good and drives well.

Ford Focus - The Ford Focus is a compact car that offers a comfortable ride and a spacious interior. It's also fuel-efficient and easy to maintain, making it an excellent choice for city driving.

Subaru Impreza: The Subaru Impreza is an excellent option for those who want a car that can handle all types of weather. It's also known for its reliability and all-wheel drive, making it an excellent choice for those living in harsh winters.

These are just a few of the best-used cars for sale in Mackay. Whether you're looking for a reliable city car or a car that can handle all types of weather, there's a used car that's perfect for you. Be sure to research and test drive a few cars before deciding. With the right vehicle, you'll enjoy the many benefits of going in Mackay.

We understand the importance of finding the right used car at Flash Car Removals. That's why we've carefully curated a selection of the best-used cars in the Mackay region. Our selection includes a wide range of makes and models, all of which have been meticulously serviced and maintained to ensure reliability and performance. And with our knowledgeable sales staff on hand to provide expert advice and assistance, you can be sure to find the perfect car for your needs.

So, if you're looking for the best-used car for sale in Mackay, look no further than Flash Car Removals. Our selection of quality used cars is sure to have something that meets your needs. And with our assistance with financing and insurance options, you can find the right vehicle at the right deal.

For more information about used cars for sale in Mackay and cash for cars in Mackay, visit our website https://flashcarremovals.com.au/ and find your dream car today.

[usertransducks]

Alright thoughts about Infinity Dime time (I didn’t really like it):

I already had a suspicion that it was going to be a poorly paced mess that mostly focused on fighting but I still held out some hope since people were assuring me that Marvel could still write good comics that focused on characters.

Unfortunately they did not account for them try to fit multiple issues worth of plot in a single issue.

Anything that may have been interesting, such as meeting with other Scrooges and convincing them to team up, wasn’t present and instead they would time-skip around to get to the combat. Many attempts clearly didn’t work, as there were noticeably more Donalds than Scrooges, and I would have liked to see a defeated Scrooge accept the dime as gone or a world where HDL wasn’t there to save Scrooge like they were in our main one. (I knew they wouldn’t give me that though.)

Speaking of Donald, what in the one-note character was that? They set up the comic having Donald not making it to Bear Mountain as the change that lead to Scrooge-Above-All becoming an even more bitter old man and in another time skip apparently his Donald and HDL are what helped him become a better person, but all we see of Donald plot-wise is:

Donald making the wrong turn (2 panels)

The Donalds angrily fighting the Beagle Boys after the Gyros “[…] had them working on their cars […]” so they’d “[…bonk] themselves with wrenches for hours […]” (2 panels)

A bunch more of the Donalds at the post-timeskip Christmas Party where the ending gag is they all fight each other (2 panels and a full-page)

The only Donalds shown that aren’t in the process of fighting someone is a Donald sitting with Medieval Gladstone and different Donald talking with a different Gladstone in the same panel that I didn’t even see until I was cropping the panel.

Now I can hear the “This is an Uncle Scrooge comic, not a Donald Duck comic” argument from a mile away, but for a comic showing that being with Donald and HDL is what’s stopping Scrooge from becoming a major villain they sure do ignore why that is.

I will say one thing though, Scrooge-Above-All having magic he stole from multiple Magicas is cool, even though I would have liked to see him try to steal magic from our Magica instead of him just using it with no reaction from the other Scrooges.

Anyways uhhhh read the non-Marvel Duckverse comics

————

The edit you’ve all been waiting for:

The Beagle Boy Problem

Its very clear that there were only two reasons the Beagle Boys were in this comic:

Nostalgia

To give Scrooge-Above-All the closest they could get to “the villain’s mindless goons”

I wholeheartedly believe you could take them out of this comic and replace them with any old goon and it would change nothing. There is no explanation for why Scrooge-Above-All is hiring Beagle Boys from every universe and no explanation tor why they’re agreeing. We can theorize from this page:

that Scrooge-Above-All may have promised all the different Beagles that they could have free reign over his Duckburg in exchange for their services, but I only come to that conclusion because of the 3 Beagle Boys who look different from the others in the second panel. Without them I would have just assumed that his Beagles just terrorized his Duckburg because there was no one actively stopping them.

Also this:

is the last we see of them. There isn’t even a small panel of all the defeated Beagle Boys being lead to their different universes. They’re just… removed from the plot.

Also, going back to the Scrooges thing, look at how many more there are in this final page:

Where were they? Why didn’t they help? Why were they invited to this Christmas party? Did Scrooge-Above-All just invite every Scrooge he stole from and didn’t kill? I need answers.

Now for what you’re really here for:

Gladstone Count: 3

Fethry Count: 1

[citycarremovals]

Car Removal Gladstone Park Car Removal Gladstone Park Our car removal Gladstone Park program guides car sellers in recycling their junk, broken, accident, damaged, old and unwanted vehicles. So, the quick way to sell any vehicle is our car buyers Gladstone Park program. As a result, our business buy all cars, Utes, trucks, buses, SUVs and all other vehicles in Gladstone Park sector. There are no costs involved in car removal in Gladstone Park as it is unconditionally free program. Get free appraisal on any car by chatting to one of our evaluation experts in Gladstone Park office. We guarantee reliable process of dismantling cars in Gladstone Park within ninety five minutes. Genuine Cash For Car Removal in Gladstone Park We buy and give instant cash for all cars in Gladstone Park, be it old or scrap or wrecked. Besides, car removal Gladstone Park team can offer up to $14000 for any wrecked or non-running car. So, vehicle price can fluctuate depending on your location in Gladstone https://www.citycarremovals.com.au/car-removal-gladstone-park/

[metro-car-wreckers]

Metro Car Wreckers Gladstone Park Car Wrecking Yard in Gladstone Park Cash for Cars and Car Removals Metro Car Removals Gladstone Park Pays Up To $8999 Cash for Unwanted Cars and Trucks Are you looking for a car part in Gladstone Park at a very competitive price? Or are you thinking of selling your car to the wreckers and you live in Gladstone Park Area? Then Metro car wreckers Gladstone Park would be your one stop shop for car wrecking and cash for cars service in Gladstone Park and Gladstone Park North and Gladstone Park East. Gladstone Park is a well know suburb and many Car Wreckers are running their business from Gladstone Park. Therefore Finding a reliable car wrecker in Gladstone Park is not easy job but we at Metro car wreckers Gladstone Park make it very simple and affordable by bringing https://www.metrocarwreckers.com.au/metro-car-wreckers-gladstone-park/

[cash-for-scrap-cars]

Cash for scrap cars Gladstone Park Cash for Scrap Cars Gladstone ParkGet free scrap car removal in Gladstone Park today with our on spot cash for scrap cars Gladstone Park serviceOur cash for scrap cars Gladstone Park service If you've an old damaged unwanted scrap car, van, ute or truck in Gladstone Park then get our cash for scrap cars Gladstone Park service today and get cash for your scrap car. Through this quick and flexible same day service, you can sell your scrap vehicle very easily regardless condition and location of your car in Gladstone Park. What you need to do? Just communicate with us by calling to our cash for scrap cars Gladstone Park expert on 03 8658 1784 and share all details of your scrap vehicle. What we required from you? We just need the followingScrap car make, model, ageScrap car locationScrap car overall conditionAfter examining all your scrap car details, https://www.cash-for-scrap-cars.com.au/cash-for-scrap-cars-gladstone-park/

[oldcarremoval]

Old Car Removal Gladstone Park #oldcarremoval #cashforoldcars #oldcarbuyers Cash up to $12,999 for any scrap, junk or unwanted car removal

[cashforjunkscarsot]

10 Reasons for Using Cash For Cars in Gladstone, Missouri

Whether you're looking to upgrade your vehicle, declutter your property, or simply need a fast cash solution, selling your used car can be a daunting process. Fortunately, for residents of Gladstone, Missouri, there's a hassle-free alternative that is growing increasingly popular - Cash For Cars services. Here are the top ten reasons why you should consider using Cash For Cars Gladstone Missouri for your vehicle-selling needs.

1. Convenience

Selling your car privately can be a hassle. It often involves advertising the vehicle, scheduling viewings, negotiating with potential buyers, and handling the necessary paperwork. Cash For Cars eliminates all these complexities. They manage the entire process from start to finish, offering a service that is easy, fast, and stress-free.

2. Quick Process

Time is a precious commodity. The traditional method of selling a car can often drag on for weeks, even months. Cash For Cars in Gladstone, Missouri, expedites this process significantly. Once a fair price is agreed upon, many services can offer same-day car pick-up. This means that you can turn your used car into cash in no time at all.

3. Competitive Offers

Cash For Cars services have expert appraisers who can accurately determine the market value of your vehicle. They assess your car's make, model, age, mileage, and overall condition to provide a competitive offer. This helps to ensure that you get the maximum value for your car.

4. No Need for Repairs

When selling a car privately, buyers often expect the vehicle to be in tip-top shape and may demand that all necessary repairs be made before purchase. This isn't the case with Cash For Cars services. They buy your vehicle as-is, saving you the time, effort, and money involved in fixing it up before selling.

5. Guaranteed Sale

Listing a car privately offers no guarantee of a sale. You could end up waiting for weeks or even months for a serious buyer to come along. With Cash For Cars, however, a sale is guaranteed. As long as your vehicle fits their buying criteria, they'll make you an offer.

6. Safe Transactions

Selling a car privately comes with its risks, including the potential for scams or fraudulent buyers. By selling your car to a reputable Cash For Cars service in Gladstone, Missouri, you can ensure a safe, professional transaction. These services follow strict legal protocols, ensuring a legitimate, secure sale.

7. Free Towing

Arranging for a vehicle to be transported can be a hassle and an additional expense. Most Cash For Cars services in Gladstone, Missouri, offer free towing. They'll come to your location at a time that suits you and remove the vehicle at no cost to you.

8. Environmentally Friendly

Selling your old car for cash isn't just good for your wallet; it's also good for the environment. These services ensure that all parts of the vehicle are either recycled or reused, helping to reduce environmental waste. It's a sustainable option that contributes to a greener planet.

9. Clear Up Space

Have an old vehicle that's just gathering dust in your garage or taking up valuable space on your driveway? Selling your unused or unwanted car to a Cash For Cars service allows you to free up space, making your property neater and more spacious.

10. Cash in Hand

One of the most appealing benefits of using Cash For Cars is the immediate cash payment. This can be particularly helpful if you're looking to put the money towards a new vehicle, need a quick cash injection to cover unexpected expenses, or simply prefer the liquidity and flexibility that cash provides.

In conclusion, Cash For Cars Gladstone Missouri provides a quick, convenient, and profitable solution for selling your used vehicle. They offer numerous benefits over traditional methods, making it the ideal choice for those looking for a hassle-free and efficient way to sell their car.

https://cashforcars-junkcars.com/

Name: Cash For Cars

Address: A+ Auto, 2150 Haskell Ave, Lawrence, KS 66046Phone:785-260-6400

mail: info@cashforcars-junkcars.com

[readerbookclub]

Before introducing our newest book list, I want to say sorry about this month. It’s been underwhelming to say the least. So far this year was very chaotic (packing up to move countries, having the plane tickets cancelled, and getting into Oxford?!). Between everything that happened, I neglected this club. But I’m very excited and well-prepared for next month, so it won’t happen again at least in the foreseeable future. We also have several enthusiastic new members who’ve messaged me, so hopefully our discussion will be even more lively this time!

Now back to our newest book list. Not to brag, but I think this is the best one yet. Time Warp is a collection of books that bend and play with time. It’s such an interesting topic that includes books from many different genres. Several of your recommendations also fit in perfectly. So let’s jump right in!

Typically stories play out over the span of weeks, months, or even years. But what if a writer were to shrink that timeline? Not to days or hours, but the mere seconds it takes to ride an elevator? Well, that’s what Jason Reynolds did in our first book, a story that lasts for a single elevator ride:

Long Way Down, Jason Reynolds:

A cannon. A strap. A piece. A biscuit. A burner. A heater. A chopper. A gat. A hammer A tool for RULE Or, you can call it a gun. That’s what fifteen-year-old Will has shoved in the back waistband of his jeans. See, his brother Shawn was just murdered. And Will knows the rules. No crying. No snitching. Revenge. That’s where Will’s now heading, with that gun shoved in the back waistband of his jeans, the gun that was his brother’s gun. He gets on the elevator, seventh floor, stoked. He knows who he’s after. Or does he? As the elevator stops on the sixth floor, on comes Buck. Buck, Will finds out, is who gave Shawn the gun before Will took the gun. Buck tells Will to check that the gun is even loaded. And that’s when Will sees that one bullet is missing. And the only one who could have fired Shawn’s gun was Shawn. Huh. Will didn’t know that Shawn had ever actually USED his gun. Bigger huh. BUCK IS DEAD. But Buck’s in the elevator? Just as Will’s trying to think this through, the door to the next floor opens. A teenage girl gets on, waves away the smoke from Dead Buck’s cigarette. Will doesn’t know her, but she knew him. Knew. When they were eight. And stray bullets had cut through the playground, and Will had tried to cover her, but she was hit anyway, and so what she wants to know, on that fifth floor elevator stop, is, what if Will, Will with the gun shoved in the back waistband of his jeans, MISSES. And so it goes, the whole long way down, as the elevator stops on each floor, and at each stop someone connected to his brother gets on to give Will a piece to a bigger story than the one he thinks he knows. A story that might never know an END…if WILL gets off that elevator.

***

Our next book warps time in a slightly different way. What if every time you woke up, you found yourself in the same day (a sort-of Groundhog Day situation)? But unlike Groundhog Day, you wake up in different bodies. This thrilling book was suggested to me by one of you, and I absolutely loved the premise:

The 7 1/2 Deaths of Evelyn Hardcastle, by Stuart Turton:

Aiden Bishop knows the rules. Evelyn Hardcastle will die every day until he can identify her killer and break the cycle. But every time the day begins again, Aiden wakes up in the body of a different guest at Blackheath Manor. And some of his hosts are more helpful than others. With a locked room mystery that Agatha Christie would envy, Stuart Turton unfurls a breakneck novel of intrigue and suspense. For fans of Claire North, and Kate Atkinson, The 7½ Deaths of Evelyn Hardcastle is a breathlessly addictive mystery that follows one man's race against time to find a killer, with an astonishing time-turning twist that means nothing and no one are quite what they seem.

***

Now we move on to an exciting genre: time travel! This next book was recommended to me by @earphonesandquills​​ and I just had to put it on the list. A sci-fi love story between two people on opposite sides of a war:

This is How You Lose the Time War, Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone:

Among the ashes of a dying world, an agent of the Commandant finds a letter. It reads: Burn before reading. Thus begins an unlikely correspondence between two rival agents hellbent on securing the best possible future for their warring factions. Now, what began as a taunt, a battlefield boast, grows into something more. Something epic. Something romantic. Something that could change the past and the future. Except the discovery of their bond would mean death for each of them. There's still a war going on, after all. And someone has to win that war.

***

Typically, the protagonists of time-travel books are very intelligent people. But what would happen if someone wasn’t so competent? What if they fucked it up? That’s exactly what the protagonist in our next book does. Coming from a perfect reality, he messes up and finds himself in a horrifying dystopia (aka our world):

All Our Wrong Todays, Elan Mastai:

You know the future that people in the 1950s imagined we'd have? Well, it happened. In Tom Barren's 2016, humanity thrives in a techno-utopian paradise of flying cars, moving sidewalks, and moon bases, where avocados never go bad and punk rock never existed . . . because it wasn't necessary. Except Tom just can't seem to find his place in this dazzling, idealistic world, and that's before his life gets turned upside down. Utterly blindsided by an accident of fate, Tom makes a rash decision that drastically changes not only his own life but the very fabric of the universe itself. In a time-travel mishap, Tom finds himself stranded in our 2016, what we think of as the real world. For Tom, our normal reality seems like a dystopian wasteland. But when he discovers wonderfully unexpected versions of his family, his career, and—maybe, just maybe—his soul mate, Tom has a decision to make. Does he fix the flow of history, bringing his utopian universe back into existence, or does he try to forge a new life in our messy, unpredictable reality? Tom’s search for the answer takes him across countries, continents, and timelines in a quest to figure out, finally, who he really is and what his future—our future—is supposed to be.

***

Our final book is something I never knew I needed until I found it. I have spent way too much time day dreaming about a scenario where I find myself in the distant past. I imagine myself telling people about electricity and planes and modern medicine. But if they asked me to actually make something, I wouldn’t be able to. And that bothers me. This book is the solution. It’s a non-fiction guide on what to do if you were to find yourself in such a scenario (as unlikely as it may seem):

How to Invent Everything: A Guide for the Stranded Time Traveler, by Ryan North:

What would you do if a time machine hurled you thousands of years into the past. . . and then broke? How would you survive? Could you improve on humanity's original timeline? And how hard would it be to domesticate a giant wombat? With this book as your guide, you'll survive--and thrive--in any period in Earth's history. Bestselling author and time-travel enthusiast Ryan North shows you how to invent all the modern conveniences we take for granted--from first principles. This illustrated manual contains all the science, engineering, art, philosophy, facts, and figures required for even the most clueless time traveler to build a civilization from the ground up. Deeply researched, irreverent, and significantly more fun than being eaten by a saber-toothed tiger, How to Invent Everything will make you smarter, more competent, and completely prepared to become the most important and influential person ever.

***

That’s it for this month’s list. Hope you like these books as much as I do! As always, please vote here.

Member’s List (message me if you want to be added/removed): @solitarystudies​​ @adhyayana-v​​ @gordinmegan​​ @appleinducedsleep​​ @morphedphase​​ @lilian-evans​​ @bowieziggyfan​​ @calebprior25​​ @bluebellraven​​ @love-witch-magic​​ @badasthesun​​ @theeezoneee​​ @montaguest​​ @wanderlustingdreamer​​ @csloreen​​ @elfspectations​​ @astreamoflight​​ @engineeriblr​​ @chemistrybaby6-022x10-23​​ @pepperpaprikash​​ @bubblylion​​

[sciencespies]

This Molecule Could Be the Key to Understanding Why Concussions Have Such Long-Term Effects

https://sciencespies.com/nature/this-molecule-could-be-the-key-to-understanding-why-concussions-have-such-long-term-effects/

This Molecule Could Be the Key to Understanding Why Concussions Have Such Long-Term Effects

Denver Bronco player David Bruton grabs his head on the field after a reported concussion. Many patients with such head injuries suffer symptoms months after their diagnosis, even though their brains look healthy on CT scans. Doug Pensinger / Getty Images

Imagine you fall down the stairs in your house and bang your head. Or perhaps you hit your noggin during a car accident. Or maybe you are football player who has just taken yet another blow to the head. You are diagnosed with a mild or a severe concussion, and you end up in a hospital and even an ICU.

Eventually your injury heals weeks later, or so it seems, because your CT scans look clear, and you go on with your life. But in a few years, strange things start to happen. Bright lights and loud noises begin to bother you. You have trouble sleeping. You can’t concentrate, can’t keep up with your daily routine and your work performance plummets. That’s because deep within your brain, in the areas where the imaging technology can’t see, that old injury never healed. Instead, it became a chronic inflammatory process that will eventually damage your brain tissues, explains a study published this month in Science.

According to a 2018 study in the Journal of Neurosurgery, about 69 million individuals around the world suffer from traumatic brain injury every year. Geoffrey T. Manley, a trauma neurosurgeon at San Francisco General Hospital and professor of neurosurgery at the University of California San Francisco who wasn’t involved in the study, sees patients every week who seem to recover, only to suffer from debilitating symptoms later that develop as a consequence of the initial injury. Over time, this slow-brewing process can trigger cognitive impairments, sleep disturbances from abnormal neuron firing and even epileptic spikes—short “electrical explosions” that don’t happen in healthy people. Manley says this process is very prominent in brain injury patients and is severely disabling. The inability to have a normal, healthy sleep is particularly detrimental. “Sleep disorders affect all aspects of your life,” he says.

Neuroscientists had known for years that brain injuries can linger, but the underlying molecular mechanisms weren’t fully clear. They don’t have any therapies to stop these secondary injuries from occurring. “I have no treatment for traumatic brain injury other than symptomatic relief, or medication for seizures once patients develop them,” Manley says. However, epilepsy drugs often have such profound side effects that people don’t want to take them. “So we are really, really desperate for anything,” he says.

Now, the new study sheds some light into the brain areas where CT scans can’t see and where the inflammatory process takes hold. Led by Jeanne Paz, who studies neurological diseases at Gladstone Institutes, the study identifies that a specific molecule, named C1q, is present in certain brain areas at unusually high levels for months after the initial trauma. The study also describes the team’s efforts—so far only done in mice—to show that a drug prevents the inflammation from setting in.

Most brain traumas affect the cerebral cortex, which sits right underneath the skull, absorbing the impact. But Paz’s team found that the ill effects can propagate to the thalamus—a small area located near the brain’s center responsible for processing sensory input. The constant communication between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex is what enables us to make intelligent decisions—the thalamus processes the input and the cortex decides what to do. For example, if you’re talking on the phone and your toddler suddenly lets out a loud scream, you know you must stop the conversation and attend to the child. The thalamus processes the sounds from the conversation and the toddler, the cortex decides what’s important.

As part of the study, scientists examined human brain tissues obtained from autopsies of patients who ultimately died from their head trauma. The team found that the C1q molecules were present in the diseased patients’ thalamus for over a week after they were originally hurt. “We were surprised to see such high levels of this molecule in the brain region that wasn’t even affected by the initial injury,” says Paz. “Our hypothesis is—it’s because the thalamus is very closely connected to the cortex and the two constantly talk to each other.” This constant talk and coordination generates a certain rhythmic activity in the brain that is important for attention, consciousness and sleep. So when the cerebral cortex is hurt, the communication between the two is disrupted, and some neurons within the thalamus die. As a result, the brain’s cellular cleanup crew shows up.

Called microglia, these cleanup cells remove damaged neurons and fight infections. To do this, they release the C1q molecules, which, overall, play a very important role in brain health. C1q trims synapses—the points of junction between neurons—to avoid having too many of the connectors. C1q promotes brain development and helps humans forget memories, which is necessary for storing new memories. When things go as normal, C1q trims synapses as it should. When injuries happen and neurons die, C1q helps clean them, but instead of stopping, it continues to trim what it shouldn’t trim anymore. “So C1q can be both good and bad,” Paz says.

Normally, in the adult person’s thalamus, no C1q is present, she says. Researchers believe that in some cases, the microglia cells just keep releasing the molecule within the thalamus, making the process chronic. “We wanted to know what makes the process chronic and how we can interrupt it,” Paz says. So her team tried treating brain-injured mice with a potential therapeutic, shortly after the trauma and before long-term symptoms appear.

Paz worked with collaborators at Annexon Biosciences, a pharmaceutical company that is developing and testing an antibody therapeutic that can block the activity of the C1q molecule. The antibody was initially designed to treat Guillain-Barré Syndrome, which is also linked to the aberrant activity of overzealous C1q. Paz wanted to see if the drug would have beneficial effects in brain injury cases in mice.

The team treated brain-injured mice with antibody cocktails within 24 hours after injury and then did twice-weekly treatments for three weeks. That brought down the amount of the C1q molecule and prevented chronic inflammation and the loss of neurons in the critters’ thalamus. It also prevented the development of the epileptic spikes and restored their sleep. But when the researchers studied how mice genetically engineered to not have the C1q molecule dealt with trauma, their initial brain injury was much worse—they suffered much greater neuronal death in the cerebral cortex, where the blow struck. So ultimately, the C1q indeed lived up to its “good and bad” reputation.

The C1q molecule shouldn’t be blocked at the time of injury, because it seems to protect the brain and prevent cell death, Paz explains. But blocking the C1q shortly after the initial injury may reduce inflammation.

Manley describes the study as an important milestone in the brain trauma treatment paradigm. “It demonstrated that after the initial injury to the cortex, there is the secondary injury to the thalamus—you can see pathology evolving,” says Manley. But what’s really promising, he adds, is that an antibody drug can help remediate that secondary injury. Antibodies are drugs that do exactly what their name suggests—they work against the body’s proteins or molecules that have somehow gone rogue and are now causing harm rather than performing normal functions. Designed to bind to rogue molecules and disable them, antibodies have revolutionized how medics treat many diseases—neurological, autoimmune, cancer and most recently, Covid-19.

So far the C1q antibody has been tried only in mice, which means it is still at least a few years away from arriving to the brain trauma wards. The therapeutic would have to be tested in human trials and approved by the FDA first. But this is an important step in right direction, Manley says, because the currently available meds can’t prevent the injury from progressing. “So when I see a paper that not only explains the mechanism that generates the pathology I see in my patients every day, but says that here is a monoclonal antibody that apparently suppresses this pathology, I find it very exciting,” Manley says. “We need better ways to treat people.”

Biology

Brain

Health

Medicine

Mice

#Nature

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[callme--starchild]

Stay Strong

Summary: Many people overcome the pain of a loss in various ways. Scrooge? Easy, he does so by reassuring his heavily affected nephew.

The first nights have always been the most difficult.

He was not going to deny it, it had really been hard for him to suddenly receive the news of the death of his younger sister and her husband; the distinguishable great difference in age had made him expect that he would be the first to leave; but fate was cruel, the car accident had occurred because of the rain and an alcoholic driver who had fled and was still being searched.

It had been difficult, but he preferred to take the role of legal guardian of his sister's only children on transferring said burden to Elvira or allowing Child Services to take them away and the system separated them. He would not have been able to see how, after losing their parents, they had to lose their twin and endure mourning alone.

Of course, it cost him, he might think that his wallet had suffered, but it was the price for the protection and happiness of his nephew and niece and he was more than willing to pay it.

But there was no happiness to boast about. The move from the city to the mansion had not been easy, neither for the twins nor for him having to leave behind the place where they had hatched and grown.

He had had to appreciate the twins by passing the five stages of grief. He knew it was normal, that it was fine, and it didn't bother him; but what was abnormal, what was wrong, and what bother him was to see his wee ones—no longer so wee—nightingales so sad and dull, accustomed to seeing them full of life, playing with their cousins or accompanying him on adventures.

Donald had even held on to Gladstone during the funeral just like a scared duckling, allowing Fethry to babble innocently that everything would be fine while he patted his leg; Della had remained expressionless, hiding her face clinging to him, trying to stay strong as she was the alpha twin, Scrooge had seen her crack once her brother had retired to rest, exhausted by the immense sea of emotions he experienced.

Currently the old duck was roaming the halls of the huge mansion, unconcerned with the direction that his walk could take him, his gaze fixed on his now iced nutmeg tea. It was past midnight, Donald and Della were already sleeping in their shared room.

He did not cry. He had never cried. He did not become the richest duck in the world for crying.

However, he was able to fiercely feel the lump in his throat since Hortense and Quackmore's funeral, expanding when they went to bury them in the graveyard and felt his nephew's tears on his leg.

But he couldn't dare to collapse. He had to be strong for Donald, for Della. Being that pillar that maintained the stability of their now broken kin.

It hurt, of course it hurt. He was not such a callous duck, he also suffered for his closest ones, and he had assured Matilda that once Gladstone had fallen asleep in her arms, trying not to break more than he already was by recognizing a damp stain on his shoulder, product of Donald's tears.

It was his younger sister after all, someone whom he had also lost. And though at the beginning of her relationship with Quackmore the duck had not liked him, he had ended up adopting a place in his family and in his mansion being what made Hortense happy.

Always happy since the arrival of their children to their lifes, Scrooge would never have anticipated that such would be taken from them in such a cruel way.

This pain was not able to wish it to Glomgold. Their relationship was clearly one of bitter enemies, but he could not afford such cruelty.

He sighed heavily, putting his cup of tea on a small table nearby, removing his top hat to run a hand through his already askew feathers when he began to hear the rain fall, coordinating his shattered mood.

He had to be strong.

A thunder was heard, but the businessman did not even flinch. Not until he heard a gasp from the adjoining hallway.

"It was all my fault!" A broken squawk was heard and Scrooge's heart shrunk, dropping his hat to follow the source of the sound, multiple complaints of self-resounding in the hallway forcing him to turn on the lights before starting to run, having to watch that the lack of dream didn't make him collide with something or break an expensive object.

He would recognize that unique voice wherever he went, and that was what he liked least.

He didn't even bother to knock when he slammed the door open, the hall light allowing him to visualize the interior of the bedroom.

Della rose from the floor, apparently had fallen from the bed. She was trembling, and her sleepy but anguished gaze was directed to the continuous bed, where Donald had hidden under the blankets revealing only his face between sobbing sounds.

He was breathing agitatedly with his bill open, coughing when more tears escaped his eyes.

Scrooge approached slowly, extending his hands towards the boy without touching him, discreetly signaling Della to stay in her spot.

"Donald, Donald, calm doon," he murmured in a vain attempt to reach his nephew emotionally, the roughness in his voice betraying him, "breathe."

"It's my fault, Unca' Scrooge!" He shrieked in a voice thread, coughing again when his breathing had become heavier, preventing his body from fulfilling that need, causing him to start beating the bed and writhing trying to remove the covers from the body, the older one watching the pajamas for a few seconds soaked with sweat. "My fault!"

"Woah, woah, careful lad, ye're going tae hoart yerself." In a broken voice, the old duck approached and hesitantly took the young man by the wrists, his heart breaking when he felt the fast and strong pulsations added to the strong tremors of his body.

Helping Donald to cope with the covers when he sensed the difficulty it took for the duck to breathe. Feeling sweat, Scrooge said nothing when he finally saw the two-piece pajamas bathed.

"Breathe, breathe," he said gently unbuttoning the buttons on his night shirt, seeing tiny drops of sweat bathing the plumage of the boy's chest. "Follow me breath."

For the second time in his life he was really fearful when the duck sobbed allowing a tear to run freely down his cheek taking his uncle from both wrists between shivers.

"It was my fault, Unca' Scrooge," he said once more, releasing both wrists to cover his beak and stomach when he felt nauseous, shuddering when another thunder was heard.

"But wha' are ye talking aboot, lad?" He asked gently, allowing his nephew to explain himself while carefully removing his shirt so that the wee one could breathe.

When they had called him from the hospital next to Elvira, they had explained that this could be normal, since the doctor had not denied the possibility that Donald had witnessed his parents' death by practically demanding that he needed to see them, almost crawling from the bed even though the nurse gently reminded him that he had some wounds to treat, recommending going to a psychotherapist quickly. But that didn't make it less painful for the old man, since the younger twin had always been more prone to show his feelings unlike his sister.

That now panic attacks will occur, especially at such a premature age, discouraged him more.

"I kill them, Unca' Scrooge," he said. Despite the surprise, the elder patted the duck's back gently. "I killed them because of my bad luck."

"Wha'…?" He spat, having to fight his willpower so as not to raise his voice at the thoughts that were formulated in his nephew's mind. He heard the grinding of a mattress next to him, and with a gesture he told the other duckling to stay in her bed.

He had to take care of that.

"Donald, we both know tha' is not true." Holding a hand on the duck's agitated chest, he continued to indicate how to breathe. "Yer luck had nothing tae do wi'h this, Ah forbid ye tae think like tha'."

"But..." A shiver ran through him, and he stopped both hands in his lap, should he tell him that he also wet the bed? He mentally questioned himself, he was too old to wet the bed, but sooner or later his uncle would find it out and he would rather he did it sooner.

He sighed heavily, reluctantly following his uncle's instructions despite the tranquility that followed.

"Nae, Donald, nobody was tae blame here. Yer luck woold never make such atrocities happen, th' kindness in yer heart is greater. Please dinnae think tha' again." His voice broke. When he felt Donald's heartbeat begin to stabilize, he stroked his back and forth.

The young duck looked at him with teary eyes, being in the receptive field of Scrooge's watchful eye. "Sorry," he murmured under his breath, looking down.

"De' ye want me tae walk ye?" Ye need tae breathe, Ah coold tell Duckworth tae make ye a glass of warm milk," he suggested giving him a warm smile.

However, the shudder that appeared when another thunder rang out, following the stress of his nephew when he was recently orphaned by associating it with his bad luck stopped him at his request. If it weren't for the bad weather that only contributed to his panic, Scrooge would have taken him to the pool.

"We can watch a movie, the one ye want. Della, ye and Ah", he added, finally including his niece when he perceived her still awake, recognizing that he was not dealing with someone who was also fighting the death of her parents and also staying strong for her younger brother.

He had to distract them so they wouldn't think about it, and watching a movie that could be comedy could relax them until finally the dream beat them again.

Donald nodded slowly and did not resist when his uncle carried him in his arms. In other circumstances he would have said that he was already ten-years-old, that he was no longer ready to be scooped, but his emotional state was stronger.

Though his pride was not so much when Scrooge sensed an unusual sensation of moisture in his pants, muttering a sheepish apology before hiding his face.

The elder sighed heavily.

He had to stay strong, and find an excellent psychotherapist pronto.

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