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laurapaq · 4 years

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Roman Farming

Overview:

Nowadays, we mostly remember Rome for her republic declining into an empire, or her military prowess. However, Romans thought of themselves as peace-loving, and even violent figures such as Sulla or Pompey the Great retired (temporarily, in Pompey’s case) from public life to their farm, as did the idealized Cincinnatus. Festivals celebrated farming holidays, art depicts farming tools, and noble gentlemen wrote farming manuals. Perhaps this was because the Romans rarely had a hard time providing food for themselves, their own land was fertile, and as the empire expanded they were fed by north African farms, or perhaps it was because the city of Rome was started as a little military outpost to protect Italian farmers from their northern Etruscan neighbors.

Because farming was so idealized, it’s a difficult subject to cover extensively, I’m going to highlight some practices, inventions, and produce that could add realism to historical fiction or fantasy as well as distinguish it from the typical fantasy landscape, then go into some of the cultural implications (besides people having better things to do than starve to death).

Specifics:

Even if farming was an appropriate side hustle for patrician nobility, farming itself was difficult, and it yielded far less than it does now. Nearly half of the crop had to be used as seeds. Even still, Romans farmed so well that their farming methods were picked up by Britains and Gauls, which is appropriate since Romans built off efforts by the Greeks and people of the Near East. Additionally, despite the difficulties of the ancient world, the period between 500 BC and 500 AD had peak farming conditions in Europe (as opposed to the mini Ice Age that followed). Italy had other farming advantages; although rainfall can be spotty at times, it’s normally abundant, there are plenty of rivers and streams, and the soil is rich from volcanic ash.

The Romans grew wheat, spelt, barley, legumes like peans, peas, chickpeas, alfalfa, turnips, radishes, and fruit like figs. Wild fruits and nuts could be collected at will. Grapes and olive oil were popular and sold abundantly—both grow naturally in Italy—and with grain were the most important plants, sometimes called the “Mediterranean triad” (2). Though olive and grapes could be grown with little effort, grain—around 75% of a normal person’s calories—required extensive effort. Moreover, early Roman holdings were often as small as 1.25 acres or half a hectares. Normally, 1 acre will feed one person.

Because there’s a large difference in the temperature and rainfall in north and south Italy, there’s a good bit of variance in farming method. However, we can get the idea in broad strokes. Roman tools were bronze or iron, hand tools like hoes and mattocks, plows (with a forecarriage—an apparatus at the front that makes it steadier), carts, harrow, manure hampers and baskets, spades, shovels, rakes, scythes, axes, wedges, an olive-crushing mill and oil press.

The plow was used first to turn soil over, as it is now, and could invert soil if turned sideways; some plows had metal ‘ears’ on the bottom that improved them. In light soil it could be pulled by a donkey, otherwise, it might require a few oxen. That was followed with a mattock (which looks like a cross between a pick-axe and a wood-axe), which broke up large lumps of dirt so that the seeds could fall into the proper rows the plow had turned up. Fields were plowed at least twice to conserve moisture (called cry-farming, still a staple around the Mediterranean), and manure was laid down after the second plowing, which came from a compost pit with animal excrement and rotting leaves, weeds, or leftovers. Seeds were either thrown out (which is quicker), or placed by hand. They were then raked over with a harrow, which could be a tool with iron teeth like nails raking the ground, or a convenient thorn bush.

Harvesting was done with a sickle (curvy knife on a stick that looks like a bad guy’s weapon), which has changed little since then, and was then brought to the threshing floor. Threshing was done by animals stomping on the grain on a hard floor, or by being crushed by a tribulum, or wooden frame with metal on its belly which was pulled across the floor. Winnowing was done by tossing the threshed grain and letting the light chaff blow away while the heavier grain well back down. Grain was then usually ground with rocks, although there were some working water mills at the end of the empire.

On rainy days when not much farming could get done, Cato (one of the politicians writing farm manuals) says to make sure to remind the overseer of work that could be done “scrubbing and pitching wine vats, cleaning the farmstead, shifting grain, hauling out manure, making a manure pit, cleaning seed, mending old harness and making new; and that the hands ought to have mended their smocks and hoods. Remind him, also, that on feast days old ditches might have been cleaned, road work done, brambles cut, the garden spaded, a meadow cleared, faggots bundled, thorns rooted out, spelt ground, and general cleaning done.” (4)

Although vineyards and olive groves remained unchanging, the Romans realized that they couldn’t grow the same crop the same place forever as it depletes the soil, so they divided their fields and rotated crops between them. They also identified which soil was best for which plant, and paid attention to that as they were cordoning off sections; for instance, olives were to be planted in thinner soil and exposed to the sun, at intervals of twenty five feet. Forage crops were also planted, such as alfalfa, which also aided the farm animal’s fertility. Vegetables were also grown to supplement human and beast, though farmers would also forage for acorns or other foodstuff to feed their animals through winter.

To offset the dangers of a poor year, in the good year, farmers stored as much as they could—not just food, but animals and jewelry that could be sold. People also used each other as resources; when one person helped another, the person helped incurred an obligation to return the favor.

Certain plants were also grown for medicinal purposes: Pliny reports that garlic had 61 medicinal uses, radish 43, and lettuce 42. Parsnip relaxed the stomach and relieved swelling when used as a bandage, the onion’s juice was used to relieve pain from snake bites, the wild cucumber’s juice was used for tooth aches and to heal eyes, beets were boiled and eaten with raw garlic to cure tapeworm.

Farming evolved as Rome did. Initially, it was a family thing, with that small acre and change farm earlier described. However, as Rome grew and the need for soldiers increased, Rome turned to conscription. Young men were pressed into military service, and while they were gone those rich off of conquests bought up land that couldn’t be maintained without the citizen farmer, and used captured slaves as free labor. These slave run estates were so common, there was even a name for them, the latifundia. These latifundia undercut the family farm and forced the rural people to the city, where they struggled to find work and depended on the empire’s bread and circuses. However, this theory has come under fire recently from new archeology evidence which doesn’t seem to support a decrease in small farms, yet even if it wasn’t true, it was the narrative the poor Romans told themselves. Regardless, it is verifiably true that as the empire expanded, it depended more and more on fertile North Africa, such as Egypt, Tunisia (where Carthage was), and Algeria, as well as their own islands Sicily and Sardinia.

Why It Matters:

We can see a tension between Rome as it was originally, a farming outpost, and the military empire it became in Cato, who has nothing but praise for farmers, but still draws them from their farm claiming that they make the sturdiest soldiers. More subtly, in the Aeneid, Aeneas’ father Anchises tells him it’s the Roman legacy to conquer, and yet the author Virgil spends more time on the domestic scene, in romance and familiar love, than battle. Seeing as no culture can live up to its ideals (unless they have lame ideals like flaying people *cough* Assyrians), a good fantasy culture will have both what it wants to be, and what it is. Sometimes those two are even in conflict with each other, or ideas mutate without the (sophisticated, fancy smancy part of) culture realizing or noticing the difference. Moreover, even if you want to cast a nation as ‘the bad guys’ they’ve got good motivations; Roman expansion was initially defensive, or honoring treaties with allies.

We can also see that cultures love their origins. Rome seemed to be more proud of their agrarian roots, than of their military prowess, which they actually seemed almost ashamed of early in their history (the ‘victory arch’ began as a sort of atonement ceremony where soldiers had to purify themselves before entering the city). Which is why we see houses in the city decorating their houses with natural scenes rather than scenes of battle, so that they can pretend they were proper Roman farmers.

As always, the technical details can help with realism.

1. https://www.britannica.com/topic/agriculture/Improvements-in-agriculture-in-the-West-200-bce-to-1600-ce

2. https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wstevens/history331texts/farming.html

3. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah20007

4. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cato/De_Agricultura/A*.html (Cato’s On Agriculture)

5. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plin.+Nat.+toc&redirect=true (Pliny’s Natural Histories)

6. http://factsanddetails.com/world/cat56/sub408/item2049.html

#writingfantasy #worldbuilding #writingtips #ancientworld

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skookworks · 4 years

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Artstuff – Acute Care

My last Dark Conspiracy illustration project was the scenario Acute Care. It featured an investigation of a busy hospital that is a front for all manner of nefarious experiments and weird events. As with the other DC projects published as PDFs by 3Hombres this one is no longer available.

This supplement was reviewed by Marcus Bone here.

Story Seed #40 The Night Land: Tales of the AbHumans

The Night Land by William Hope Hodgson is an early example of the Dying Earth subgenre of scifi/fantasy. It’s a work of great imagination, particularly when you consider that Hodgson didn’t have many previous examples of the genre to inspire him. Part of the imagination gets spent on the book’s faux-archaic prose style and that makes the book a bit of slog for most readers. Including me. I read it back in the days when I had much more time and patience. James Stoddard, a fan of the novel, did an edit/rewrite of the story using contemporary language. It’s a much easier read.

The plot is simple – Heroic Dude ventures into hostile territory to rescue his True Love. He succeeds.

Yes, I’m being a little snarky. The Heroic Dude and his True Love are some of the last remaining true humans on Earth. And therefore Good. The hostile territory is populated by mutants, monsters and beings from other spaces – all with a hatred (or at least an appetite) for true humans. And therefore Evil.

I enjoy looking at stories to see what’s missing, what stories aren’t being told. Sometimes it’s the ecology that weird – what do all the these predators eat when they’re not trying to eat the hero? Sometimes I wonder what the story would look like if told by the antagonists. There are humans of a sort in The Night Land. The abhumans live and breed among monsters and giants and worse things. In the novel they are depicted as savage brutes but perhaps the narrator’s view of them is skewed, prejudiced. They’ve adapted to a hostile environment. They may have language and culture and art that the citizens of the Last Redoubt have not seen or, perhaps, refuse to see. Europeans have been very good at ignoring and demonizing the cultures of those they conquered. The Redoubtables might do the same. And the Abhumans may have good reason to hate and fight against the Redoubtables. That seven mile tall pyramid must suck up a lot of resources.

What do the Abhumans do when they’re not trying to kill Redoubtables? How do they greet each other? Do they farm? Do they hunt? Do they have religions? Politics? Art? Crime? How do they co-exist with the other inhabitants of The Night Land? There are seven million stories in the Last Redoubt. There are many more outside it.

Other Newsletters : Dangerous Characters

Dangerous Characters from Sady Doyle is a review newsletter focusing on horror movies. Ms. Doyle likes horror movies and writes from a feminist perspective. I like horror movies and, while I consider myself a feminist, I’m still a guy. Reading the opinions of someone of someone with a lived female experience broadens my worldview.

Lifestuff

My big sister is smart, driven and creative. During this coronapocalypse she’s put some of her enormous energy toward looking after her little brother. For the last few weeks she’s been preparing meals. popping them in coolers and ferrying them across town. She tells us when she’s coming, we put out last week’s cooler and SHAZAM! she switches in a new cooler packed with gourment goodness.

This week it was handmade pork potstickers, beef broccoli stir friy with sauce, Adouille garbonzo chilli with avocado and cilantro garnish, and lamb filo pie with a cucumber feta salad. Some of it is precooked. Some of it needs heat applied. She provides instructions. Both the nephew and I have worked in restaurants so we don’t need a lot of details. There’s enough in each dish that we’re able to share some with our housemate and we’ve often got leftovers. My taste buds will be a little sad when Sis has an open social schedule again. The rest of me will be happy to give her hugs and to be in the same room with her again.

Assuming it will be safe to ever hug anyone again. (Which it will. It just won’t be safe to hug everyone again. And it never was. Some people don’t like hugs.)

Saturday night the nephew tried teaching Sarah and me how to play Magic the Gathering. He’s been playing the game since he was seven and can talk about it for hours. Sarah got the basics of the game pretty well. Me … not so much. I mean, I got the basics – the cards do explain themselves somewhat – but there’s a lot of complexity to the game that I haven’t grokked yet. We played with decks that the nephew had set up with different winning strategies. He explained those strategies pretty well. I can see the appeal of the game. The cards are pretty.

I also need a new prescription for my glasses. To play the game well it’s necessary to be able to read the other players’ cards and I can’t do that well rightn now. I’ve known I needed a new prescription for a while but this drove that point home. One more thing to do once the lockdown lifts.

I hope this letter finds you well. Things won’t go back to normal and they should not. The old normal was a lot less great than the marketing implied. Ignore the marketing. Maintain social interaction while practicing physical distancing. We’re all in the this together.

Tuesday Night Party Club #16 Artstuff - Acute Care My last Dark Conspiracy illustration project was the scenario Acute Care. It featured an investigation of a busy hospital that is a front for all manner of nefarious experiments and weird events.

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rupalic · 2 years

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Indoor Farming Technology Market: Industry Segments and Leading Key Players

According to the new market research report “Indoor Farming Technology Market by Growing System (Hydroponics, Aeroponics, Aquaponics, Soil-based, Hybrid), Facility Type, Component, Crop Type (Fruits & Vegetables, Herbs & Microgreens, Flowers & Ornamentals), and Region – Global Forecast to 2026″, published by MarketsandMarkets™, the market size is estimated to account for a value of USD 14.5 billion in 2020 and is projected to grow at a CAGR 9.4% from 2020, to reach a value of USD 24.8 billion by 2026. Factors such as the higher yield as compared to conventional agriculture practices, controlled environment farming, and improved yield and higher produce with limited land resources, are some of the key factors driving the growth of the indoor farming technology market during the forecast period.

Download PDF Brochure: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=40175861

By growing system, the hydroponics segment is estimated to account for a larger market share, in terms of value, in 2020

Hydroponics technology offers many benefits, including no use of soil and low cost of water, as the water remains in the system and can be reused. The nutrition levels can entirely be controlled, resulting in lower nutrient cost with stable and high yield. Hydroponics need a continuous flow of nutrients to prevent drying out of the roots, as they lack a medium to store water and nutrients.

The glass or poly house segment, on the basis of facility type, is estimated to hold the largest share in the indoor farming technology market, in terms of value, in 2020

Glass or poly greenhouses comprise an enclosed structure that is transparent and made of glass or a polycarbonate material. Greenhouses that are made of glass are more aesthetically appealing, have better clarity & light transmission, and can withstand heavy winds. On the other hand, polycarbonate greenhouses have good thermal efficiency, which helps keep the climate inside the greenhouse warm during the night. It also provides better protection from frost and is less expensive compared to glass. These greenhouses are generally used to cultivate tomatoes, potatoes, and cucumbers.

Browse in-depth TOC on “Indoor Farming Technology Market”

129 – Tables 40 – Figures 184 – Pages

By component, the software & services segment is estimated to account for a significant market share, in terms of value, in 2020

By component, the software & services segment is growing at a fast pace. The farming industry has been adopting farm management solutions rapidly and is expected to constantly grow in the upcoming years as well. Farm management software includes various types such as record keeping, farm mapping, monitoring & forecasting, farm economics, resource & inventory management, and others. The applications include customer management, payables, receivables, resources & inventory management profit center, and tax management. Some of the major companies that offer software are FARMSIGHT by Deere & Company and FarmWorks Mapping among others

The fruits & vegetables segment, on the basis of crop type, is estimated to hold the largest share in the indoor farming technology market, in terms of value, in 2020

The consumption of fruits has witnessed an overall double-digit growth in the last few decades, and this trend is expected to continue over the next few years. The high demand for fruits & vegetables has encouraged farmers to produce higher and better yields, owing to which they adopt modern and high-end technologies. For this study, fruits & vegetables comprise leafy greens, tomatoes, strawberries, eggplants, and other crops. Fruits & vegetables form an important segment of the indoor farming technology market since advanced greenhouse methods and technologies are used on a large scale to grow the produce throughout the year. Using indoor vertical farms for the production of fruits & vegetables, more outdoor area is made available for the production of cereals and fodder crops.

Request for Customization: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/requestCustomizationNew.asp?id=40175861

Europe is projected to dominate the majority market share, in the global indoor farming technology market, in terms of value, in 2020

Europe dominated the indoor farming technology market and is growing at a steady CAGR during the forecast period. Recently, the interest in indoor farming has been growing across all major European cities. In response to the growing demand for food, rapid urbanization, and increasing need for new productive soils, indoor farming is expected to be a leading farming technology and a financially viable solution. Indoor farming could play an important role in contributing to urban food security and enabling year-round production in Europe. The European Environment Agency (EEA) is building indoor farms to overcome challenges such as climate changes, continuous population growth, and producing food in a more environment-friendly manner.

According to national government statistics, the adoption of hydroponics has been witnessed to be the highest across all European countries. The Netherlands has the world’s highest adoption rate for hydroponic systems of over 80%, majorly for its flowers and vegetable production. In contrast, Spain, France, Greece, and Poland have around 20% adoption for hydroponic systems. Across all European countries, tomatoes and peppers are the major cultivated crops, while berry and melon are majorly cultivated using traditional soil-based greenhouses. Flower production has been high across European countries, majorly the Netherlands and Poland, where flowers have a higher economic value.

Key Players:

This report includes a study on the marketing and development strategies, along with a survey of the product portfolios of the leading companies operating in the indoor farming technology market. It includes the profiles of leading companies, such as Signify Holding (Netherlands), Everlight Electronics (China), Argus Control Systems (Canada), LumiGrow (US), Netafim (Israel), Logiqs (Netherlands), Illumitex (US), Hydrodynamics International (US), American Hydroponics (US), Richel Group (France), Vertical Farm Systems (Australia), General Hydroponics (US), Agrilution (Germany), Heliospectra AB (Sweden), Scotts Miracle Gro (US), Hydroponics System International (Spain), Advanced Nutrients (US), Emerald Harvest (US), VitaLink (UK), and Grobo (US).

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lscreativedesigns · 3 years

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Save the Bees!

Research & Works Cited:

· Honeybees do not only produce honey, they are significant to the pollination of fruits and vegetables that both humans and livestock eat

· They are responsible for one-third of the United State’s commercial pollination for produce.

· Cornell University study determined that bees pollinate 14 billion dollars’ worth of seeds in crops in the United States

· Also important for their beeswax, which produces candles, polishes, ointments, crayons, gum, inks, and lipstick.

· The venom from a bee is used for medical purposes such as treatment for a number of diseases of the muscle, connective tissue and immune system.

· They are becoming extinct

· 3 main reasons for the bees’ extinction and they are parasites, habitat loss, and cell phones

o Parasites:

§ Two main types of parasites that harm honeybees and they are tracheal and varroa mites

§ Tracheal mites live inside the bee and kill them.

§ Varroa mites live externally in a beehive and affect the young bees that are being raised.

· parasites can cause harmful diseases. One disease causes the bees’ wings to be damaged

1) A reduction of pollination will cause farmers and beekeepers to go out of business. 2) The decline of food supplies relying on pollination will cause an increase in cost for fruits, vegetables, and nuts. 3) Health will become a big issue because consumers will not be able to afford fruits and vegetables due to high prices, therefore they will eat more junk food. 4) The dairy and beef cattle cannot bare the alternative because the food that is very important will be affected as well. 5) The cost of food would rise as agricultural ingredients grow scarce, and in the end people will develop malnutrition and starvation. Do you see the chain reaction?

The chain reaction (in-depth of the consequences) 1) Without honeybees, beekeepers that nurse the bees will go out of business therefore farmers will lose there crops because the fruits and vegetables need the pollen and eventually the farmers will lose their farm. 2) Pollination is a big source when it comes to fruits, vegetable, and nuts. But without pollination, fruits, vegetables and nuts will start to die. When that starts to happen, the products such as almonds, peaches, soybeans, apples, pears, pumpkins, cucumbers, cherries, raspberries, blackberries and strawberries will increase in prices. 3) One-Third of the total U.S diet comes from insect pollinated plants. When the product of food such as vegetables starts to increase in prices, people will not afford the products. So they will begin to eat junk food. 4) For cows to eat their nutrients, the bees need to pollinate their food in order for them to survive. 5) The cost of produce will gradually increase in time as the agricultural products will grow scarce. In time, people will die from starvation and malnutrition because there will not be any food to eat.

· In 2006, David Hackenberg — a bee keeper for 42 years — reported a 90 percent die-off among his 3,000 hives. U.S. National Agricultural Statistics show a honey bee decline from about 6 million hives in 1947 to 2.4 million hives in 2008, a 60 percent reduction.

· Solutions that save the bees; ban the seven most dangerous pesticides, protect pollinator health by preserving wild habitat, restore ecological habitat

3. The Importance of Bees in Nature. www.fao.org/3/i0842e/i0842e04.pdf.

Appenfeller, Logan R., et al. “Citizen Science Improves Our Understanding of the Impact of Soil Management on Wild Pollinator Abundance in Agroecosystems.” PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0230007.

Boriana Slabakova Boriana is a lifelong pet lover with many years of experience working with a variety of domestic and exotic animals. Petpedia became her outlet to share her love for animals and what she has learned over the years. , et al. “43 Frightening Bee Statistics & Facts for 2021.” Petpedia, 18 May 2021, petpedia.co/bee-statistics/.

“Endangered Bees.” Importance, depts.washington.edu/triolive/quest/2007/TTQ07077/importance.html.

“Est. 2009 in Response to the Bee Crisis.” The Bee Conservancy, 31 Aug. 2021, thebeeconservancy.org/.

“Fact Sheet: The Economic Challenge Posed by Declining Pollinator Populations.” National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/06/20/fact-sheet-economic-challenge-posed-declining-pollinator-populations.

Foundation, Help Save the Bees. “Help Save the Bees.” Help Save the Bees, helpsavethebeesfoundation.org/.

“Home.” BeesCause, 1 Oct. 2019, beescause.com/.

“Issues: Pollinators & Pesticides.” Center for Food Safety, www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/304/pollinators-and-pesticides/bee-decline-and-pesticide-use-248.

Main, Douglas. “Bumblebees Are Going Extinct in a Time of 'Climate Chaos'.” Animals, National Geographic, 4 May 2021, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/bumblebees-going-extinct-climate-change-pesticides.

Medicine, Center for Veterinary. “Helping Agriculture's Helpful Honey Bees.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/helping-agricultures-helpful-honey-bees.

Mooney, Chris. “Bumblebees Are Dying across North America and Europe as the Climate Warms, Scientists Say.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 6 Feb. 2020, www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2020/02/06/bumblebees-are-vanishing-scientists-blame-climate-change/.

Schwartz, Jason, et al. “Save the Bees.” Greenpeace USA, 18 June 2014, www.greenpeace.org/usa/sustainable-agriculture/save-the-bees/.

“Why Bees Are so Important to Human Life and Health.” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/why-are-bees-important-to-humans.

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ijtsrd · 3 years

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Design and Fabrication of Automated Solar Insect Trap

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42545.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/42545/design-and-fabrication-of-automated-solar-insect-trap/k-sathya-sai

ugcapprovedmanagementjournal, openaccessjournalofmanagement, paperpublicationinmanagement

Insect control is the biggest challenge in agriculture. It is a common practice to use a deadly chemical pesticide to protect the crop from pest damage. There are many side effects of using a chemical. Use of more pesticide results in financial burden to the farmers. Moreover, the food becomes contaminated. In organic and integrated farming by using environment friendly automated solar powered insect trap, pest can be brought under control effectively. Solar trap is very simple in construction and use. On the four legged stand about five foot height , the solar lamp strips are mounted powered by battery. A basin is placed below the lamp to collect the insects. The basin can be tilted with the help of motor driven by battery. To refill the basin with the water the solar trap is fitted with a pump. During the evening when the harmful pests hovers the crop fields, the solar lamp will switch on automatically and attracts the insects that may destroy the crops. Attracted insects end up in a water filled basin. Water can be mixed with soap oil or shampoo to prevent the insects escaping from the basin. Every day, basin full of insects can be trapped. Farmers job is to switch on the motor that tilt the basin to empty the trapped insects and refill the water to basin with the help of pump every day. One Solar Trap is enough for one acre farming field. Another specialty of the machine is that it can be shipped anywhere without much difficulty. The Solar Trap can be used in various crops fields such as vegetables, pomegranates, grapes, cucumber, nut, coconut, paddy, sugarcane etc.

#Solar Trap #Organic Farming #Insect Trap

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fileepublibrary · 3 years

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(READ-PDF!) The Chef's Garden A Modern Guide to Common and Unusual Vegetables--With Recipes {epub download}

Download Or Read This Ebook at:

http://read.ebookcollection.space/?book=0525541063

Download/Read The Chef's Garden: A Modern Guide to Common and Unusual Vegetables--With Recipes Ebook

information book:

Author : Lee Jones

Pages : 640

Language :

Release Date :2021-4-27

ISBN :0525541063

Publisher :Avery Publishing Group

BOOK DESCRIPTION:

An approachable, comprehensive guide to the modern world of vegetables, from the leading grower of specialty vegetables in the country

Near the shores of Lake Erie is a family-owned farm with a humble origin story that has become the most renowned specialty vegetable grower in America. After losing their farm in the early 1980s, a chance encounter with a French-trained chef at their farmers' market stand led the Jones family to remake their business and learn to grow unique ingredients that were considered exotic at the time, like microgreens and squash blossoms. They soon discovered chefs across the country were hungry for these prized ingredients, from Thomas Keller in Napa Valley to Daniel Boulud in New York City. Today, they provide exquisite vegetables for restaurants and home cooks across the country.The Chef's Garden grows and harvests with the notion that every part of the plant offers something unique for the plate. From a perfect-tasting carrot, to a tiny red royal turnip, to a pencil lead-thin cucumber still attached to its blossom, The Chef's Garden is constantly innovating to grow vegetables sustainably and with maximum flavor. It's a Willy Wonka factory for vegetables.In this guide and cookbook, The Chef's Garden, led by Farmer Lee Jones, shares with readers the wealth of knowledge they've amassed on how to select, prepare, and cook vegetables. Featuring more than 500 entries, from herbs, to edible flowers, to varieties of commonly known and not-so-common produce, this book will be a new bible for farmers' market shoppers and home cooks. With 100 recipes created by the head chef at The Chef's Garden Culinary Vegetable Institute, readers will learn innovative techniques to transform vegetables in their kitchens with dishes such as Ramp Top Pasta, Seared Rack of Brussels Sprouts, and Cornbread-Stuffed Zucchini Blossoms, and even sweet concoctions like Onion Caramel and Beet Marshmallows.The future of cuisine is vegetables, and Jones and The Chef's Garden are on the forefront of this revolution.

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download ebook PDF EPUB, book in english language, Download pdf kindle audiobook

#books

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amshrihari · 4 years

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CUCUMBER SEEDS MARKET ANALYSIS

Cucumber Seeds Market Report, By Product Type (Hybrid Cucumber Seeds and Open Pollinated/Heirloom Cucumber Seeds), by Farm Type (Farmland, Greenhouse, and Others (Hydroponics)), and by Region (North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East, and Africa) - Size, Share, Outlook, and Opportunity Analysis, 2019 - 2027

Press Release

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/press-release/cucumber-seeds-market-to-reach-us-19396-million-by-2027-2471

Cucumbers are considered a healthy vegetable type, as they are very low in calorie content, however, they are very rich in nutrients including important vitamins and minerals. Moreover, cucumbers are also potential source of antioxidants, which are required to be consumed for healthy life. Therefore, rising awareness of health benefits of cucumber among the populace is expected to propel demand for cucumbers globally and thereby fuel growth of global cucumber seeds market over the forecast period. Cucumbers are offered as hybrid seeds or as open pollinated or heirloom seeds type in the market.

Market Dynamics

Cucumber seeds are used to cultivate cucumbers in farmland, in greenhouse or other farming types such as aquaponics or hydroponics. Farmland is a traditional low cost faming type used for cultivating cucumbers and therefore it is expected to maintain its dominance over the forecast period.

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However, new and advanced greenhouse farming method is expected to gain traction over the forecast period, owing to benefits it offers such as better yield over farmland. For instance, according to a study, ‘Greenhouse grown Cucumber as an Alternative to Field Production and its Economic Feasibility in Aswan Governorate, Egypt’ published by Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences in 2016, a greenhouse experiment was carried out in 2014-2015 in the Research Station at Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Egypt. Result of the study showed that yield of cucumber grown under greenhouse in Egypt was 5 times more than that of yield obtained in open-field/farmland. Moreover, the water used for irrigation was 70% less in case of greenhouse than in open-field.

Moreover, Asia Pacific held a significant market share in global cucumber seeds market in 2018, owing to presence of top cucumber producing countries in the region. For instance according to data released by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in January 2019, China and Japan are listed amongst top 10 countries in the world for production of cucumbers and gherkins in 2017. According to the same source, China was the highest cucumber producing country in 2017.

Key features of the study:

This report provides in-depth analysis of global cucumber seeds market and provides market size (US$ million & million units) and compound annual growth rate (CAGR %) for the forecast period (2019–2027), considering 2018 as the base year

It elucidates potential revenue opportunities across different segments and explains attractive investment proposition matrices for this market

This study also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approval, regional outlook, and competitive strategy adopted by the leading players

It profiles leading players in the global cucumber seeds market based on the following parameters – company overview, financial performance, product portfolio, geographical presence, distribution strategies, key developments and strategies, and future plans

Key companies covered as a part of this study includes, Bayer Group, BASF SE, Groupe Limagrain, Syngenta, AG, Advanta Seeds, Sakata Seed Corporation, Semillas Fitó, SA, Yüksel Tohum A.Ş, Johnny's Selected Seeds, and satimex QUEDLINBURG GmbH

Insights from this report would allow marketers and the management authorities of the companies to make informed decision regarding their future products launches, technology up-gradation, market expansion, and marketing tactics

The global cucumber seeds market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry including investors, suppliers, cucumber seeds manufacturers, distributors, new entrants, and financial analysts

Stakeholders would have ease in decision-making through the various strategy matrices used in analyzing the global cucumber seeds market

Detailed Segmentation:

Hybrid Cucumber Seeds