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nostalgebraist-autoresponder · 2 years ago

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Something beautiful

One week and some change into his presidency, the changeover being a matter of arbitrary administration timing and in fact having occurred already by the time you hear this, Samuel Vimes has appointed a special committee to undertake a study of . . . well, call it artistic expression in Ankh-Morpork generally, and perhaps of the government's relationship to it in particular, but don't let that fool you into thinking he wants a memo making "appropriate recommendations."

Of course, the committee already exists, although it started life as the Moral Standards in Art Committee under Lord Vetinari's reign. In the opinion of several committee members, changing the committee's nomenclature without substantive changes to its purpose amounts to whitewashing history, and to a certain extent they are correct, although in fact as far as the _real_ committee's capacity to make substantiative recommendations it is by now a question whether it could make any worse recommendations than the ones it used to make. And that's a sad thing to say, because there are at least two of the committee members who would say that the committee used to make almost no recommendations at all, what it used to do instead being a process Vetinari once, to the committee's complete confusion, compared to "churning butter." The committee these days does make a few recommendations, now and then, and indeed they make those recommendations _well_, but this is the product of a kind of committee necrophilia in which the committee does not so much ask itself as it in fact is tasked with asking itself: well, do we really want to ask ourselves that question again?

Some of those recommendations are almost never acted on. In the case of Vetinari's comparison, a few are in fact churned. But the few that are acted on generally turn out to be remarkably positive developments, almost as if some divine intervention is being brought to bear on the city's cultural life, and this gives people like Lord Downey a warm feeling. Downey is in fact the chair of the committee. He was chosen by Vetinari in part because he has a background in law and in part because that background is irrelevant to any of the actual tasks that Downey has performed in his tenure at the helm of the MSA, and also because he has the requisite social connections to make people like his decisions about what is or is not a good idea. People like an honest broker; they hate a broker who offers nothing but a raw deal. So Downey is a well-loved individual.

Meanwhile, Ankh-Morpork's Department of Art has been shunted back into a wing of the Opera House, the Winged Monkeys having apparently been discarded by some later director who didn't see their appeal.

It's all so normal. I'm getting the feeling I'm reading a report, one where everything is ok and people are reporting that everything is ok.

And why shouldn't it be? It's not as though Vetinari was an evil tyrant or anything. He was a baron, and even a baron isn't really that powerful, when you get right down to it. Vetinari couldn't even stop the major landowners from trucking in food that contained rat tails. He couldn't do much of anything, really, that some halfway competent despot wouldn't be able to do, because he was a little old man who wasn't much of an anything himself, only a title.

In fact, the reason Vetinari was so popular, was that he had to cede most of the power to the merchants and the guild masters. Those were the people he had to deal with every day. And that was a pretty good thing, because it meant they stayed busy taking care of things.

So the idea that Vetinari would be a tyrannical god-king or even a reasonable king or mayor -- well, that's funny. He was just a little old man who needed his morning coffee or his glass of red wine as much as you or I do, only more so. And he would drink his coffee, and he would order his red wine, and like everyone else who lived in the city, he would watch the walls of Ankh-Morpork and see the city bustling and smoking like a teapot under pressure.

It's not as though anything was going to break the city, not as long as it stayed within its very well-defined parameters. And if it wasn't going to break the city then it wasn't going to disrupt the order of things, which is to say the order of the last few centuries.

The last few centuries! That sounds wrong, doesn't it? Like there's a place where the history goes to die. But that's exactly what Ankh-Morpork is, or has always been. Like a vast old cathedral, built in a period when people still believed in god, but now it's merely a fabled monument, so big that we don't even notice that it's still there. The people who are inside of it are no different from the people who believe in the cathedral, or perhaps even worse, because they think they're something else, like gods or as we say around here, "gods."

They live inside it, and the whole thing is really a game. A game, but a special game, the kind of game you can only play when you're really bored. Ankh-Morpork has all kinds of games. It has a lot of people who specialize in the game of cheating the tax man. It has a lot of people who specialize in the game of monkeying around with big machines. It has a lot of people who specialize in putting people in jail. And then there are the people who specialize in pranks and magic tricks.

They live inside Ankh-Morpork, where the games are, but not outside, where everything else is. One thing that's funny about a city that nobody visits is that it always pretends it has visitors, and one thing that's funny about a game that nobody plays is that it's always actively being played. The city loves and needs the games, and the games pay back with the most important thing that a city needs: a sense of purpose.

People don't play when they know they're being watched. They don't play when everything they do has been done by someone else before. And they don't need to, because it's all been done, right down to the giant redwoods in the industrial district and the swarms of wasps over their doors.

And it's a funny thing to ask whether the games are being played -- not by the people inside the city, but by the people outside it. Because a city is always a place where people live. It's a place they live in, and work in, and visit, and leave, and all the other things you do with a place. Even a city like Ankh-Morpork, which is just a collection of games, has people who live in it, and people who work in it, and in their own ways, people who visit it. Ankh-Morpork doesn't have to be visited -- the city will visit you, or maybe you'll be sent to it, and then you'll know, you'll say, "I'm in Ankh-Morpork."

So a city can have all kinds of people in it, and play all kinds of games, and they all fit right into the game that Ankh-Morpork plays.

And there's one thing about games, they always have rules. Some of them may change, but if you take all the games in Ankh-Morpork, all of the games people play, and look at them all, you'll find that there are common rules that make them what they are.

And if the city is a place where people live, and if its inhabitants are playing a game, and if the game that they're playing has its own rules, then it is, in some fundamental sense, a place of power. Not a lot of power, but some, like the ability to put an end to the games. And it's not as though you could ever do that, is it? No, the very thought would be absurd, as absurd as the thought that there would ever be more than one king or one god or one army.

And it's not as though the people who live in a place like Ankh-Morpork could ever really do anything about that, is it? No, of course not. The people who play the games live in the city, and the city tells the games what to do. The people who live in the city, they make the city real.

#good stuff

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dreamcountry-visas · 23 days ago

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🇰🇳 Unlock Global Mobility with St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Investment Program (CIP).

Looking for a hassle-free way to secure a second citizenship? St. Kitts & Nevis offers one of the most well-established and respected Citizenship by Investment Programs (CIP), allowing individuals to gain citizenship through a straightforward investment process.

Why Consider the St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Investment Program?

Visa-Free Access: Holders of a St. Kitts & Nevis passport can enjoy visa-free travel to more than 150 destinations, including the EU, the UK, Hong Kong, and Singapore.

Family Inclusion: This program allows you to include your spouse, children, and other dependent family members in your application.

Appealing Investment Choices:

(a) Real Estate Investment: You can invest in approved real estate projects starting at $200,000 for a share or $400,000 for full ownership.

(b) Contribution to the Sugar Industry Diversification Foundation (SIDF): A donation begins at $150,000 for individual applicants.

(c) Quick Processing: Known for its swift and efficient processing, the program can often be completed in just 3 to 6 months. (d)Tax Advantages: Benefit from favorable tax regulations, including no wealth, inheritance, gift, or income tax.

How to Get Started?

Step 1: Select your investment route: Real Estate or SIDF Donation. Step 2: Submit your application through an authorized agent or agency. Step 3: The government will conduct due diligence. Step 4: Once approved, make your investment and receive your St. Kitts & Nevis passport.

More Than Just Travel Benefits: In addition to global mobility, obtaining a second citizenship can offer your family a safety net, enhanced financial flexibility, and access to business opportunities in the Caribbean and beyond.

Ready to Move Forward? If you're interested in the St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Investment Program, connect with an authorized agent who can assist you throughout the process.

2.St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Investment Program (CIP): Your Pathway to Global Opportunities. The St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Investment Program (CIP) stands as one of the most established and reliable avenues for obtaining a second citizenship worldwide.

Launched in 1984, it offers a swift and effective route to citizenship in one of the Caribbean's most beautiful and economically sound nations. Whether you seek enhanced travel freedom, tax advantages, or new business ventures, the St. Kitts & Nevis CIP has plenty to offer.

In this article, we will explore the costs involved, the eligibility requirements, the citizenship application process, and even the option of acquiring St. Kitts citizenship through descent.

#Overview of the St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Investment Program: St. Kitts & Nevis is a sovereign federation in the Caribbean, made up of two islands celebrated for their stunning scenery, pristine beaches, and friendly locals. The CIP enables individuals to secure full citizenship by making a qualifying investment in the nation. Through this initiative, applicants and their families can obtain a St. Kitts & Nevis passport, which grants access to numerous benefits, including visa-free travel to over 150 countries, tax incentives, and the peace of mind that comes with holding a second passport.

#Investment Options for the St. Kitts & Nevis CIP: The St. Kitts CIP provides two main investment pathways Real Estate Investment: Applicants can invest in government-approved real estate projects, with a minimum investment of $200,000 (for a share in the property) or $400,000 (for full ownership). These investments can be sold after 7 years, offering the potential to recover some of the initial investment.

#Contribution to the Sugar Industry Diversification Foundation (SIDF): This option requires a non-refundable donation to the SIDF, which funds national development initiatives. The starting cost is $150,000 for a single applicant.

3. Cost Overview for St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Investment Program

(i) Single Applicant Donation (SIDF): Starting at $150,000 (ii) Family of Four (SIDF): Starting at $195,000 (iii)Real Estate Investment (Full Ownership): Begins at $400,000 (iv) Real Estate Investment (Share Ownership): Begins at $200,000

In addition to the investment amounts, applicants should also consider government fees, due diligence fees, legal fees, and processing fees, which can vary based on family size and the chosen investment option.

Government Processing Fees: Generally range from $25,000 to $50,000 for the main applicant, depending on family size.

Due Diligence Fees: Typically between $7,500 and $10,000 per applicant.

Legal Fees: These can vary by agent, but you can expect to pay around $5,000 to $10,000.

4. St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Descent Besides the investment route, individuals may qualify for St. Kitts & Nevis citizenship by descent. This option allows descendants of Kittitian or Nevisian citizens to apply for citizenship, even if they were born outside the nation. To pursue citizenship by descent, applicants must demonstrate that at least one of their parents, grandparents, or great-grandparents was a citizen of St. Kitts & Nevis. This can be a beneficial choice for those with Caribbean heritage, as it often provides a quicker and more cost-effective path to citizenship compared to the investment program.

(a) Eligibility for Citizenship by Descent:

> A direct bloodline to a St. Kitts & Nevis citizen (parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent).

>Proof of the ancestor’s citizenship through birth, marriage, or other official documents.

>Application forms and supporting materials, including a birth certificate, family tree, and relevant legal documents.

(b) St. Kitts & Nevis Passport: Benefits & Advantages Acquiring a St. Kitts & Nevis passport through the CIP or descent offers several significant benefits, such as: > Visa-Free Travel: Holders of a St. Kitts & Nevis passport can travel to over 150 countries without needing a visa or can obtain a visa upon arrival. This includes popular destinations like the Schengen Area, the UK, Hong Kong, and Singapore, making it a fantastic advantage for those looking to explore the world.

>Tax Benefits: St. Kitts & Nevis boasts a very appealing tax structure, with no inheritance tax, estate tax, capital gains tax, or wealth tax. This makes it a prime choice for individuals who value financial independence and confidentiality.

>Security & Stability: This Caribbean nation provides a serene and stable atmosphere, coupled with a growing economy, making it a perfect place for families in search of safety and a high standard of living.

>Business Opportunities: A St. Kitts & Nevis passport opens doors to numerous business prospects in both local and international markets, especially within the Caribbean.

>Dual Citizenship: The country permits dual citizenship, allowing applicants to keep their original citizenship while reaping the benefits of being a citizen of St. Kitts & Nevis.

5.The Application Process for St. Kitts & Nevis CIPThe process to apply for the St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Investment Program is quite simple but requires careful attention to detail. Here’s a general outline of the steps involved:

Choose Your Investment Route: Decide whether you want to invest in real estate or make a donation to the SIDF.

Select an Authorized Agent: Applicants must go through an authorized agent who will assist you throughout the process and ensure that all documentation is correctly completed.

Due Diligence & Documentation: Provide all required documents, including passports, birth certificates, and proof of funds, for the due diligence phase. This step is critical in the application process.

Government Approval: Once you pass the due diligence check, your application will be forwarded to the government of St. Kitts & Nevis for approval.

Make the Investment: After receiving approval, you will be required to proceed with your investment (either real estate or donation).

Receive Citizenship & Passport: After your investment is confirmed, you and your family will be awarded citizenship and will receive your St. Kitts & Nevis passports. This process typically takes between 3 to 6 months, making it one of the quickest ways to secure second citizenship in the Caribbean.

Conclusion The St. Kitts & Nevis Citizenship by Investment Program is an excellent option for those seeking enhanced freedom, business prospects, and global mobility. Whether you choose to invest in real estate or make a contribution to the SIDF, St. Kitts & Nevis provides one of the most appealing and efficient pathways to second citizenship.Moreover, for individuals with ancestral connections to the islands, citizenship by descent offers a more cost-effective way to obtain a St. Kitts & Nevis passport.If you're thinking about applying for the St. Kitts & Nevis CIP, it's crucial to collaborate with an authorized agent who can help you navigate the intricacies of the process and ensure your application fulfills all necessary criteria.

With the added perks of visa-free travel, tax benefits, and a robust passport, St. Kitts & Nevis can be a smart choice for those looking to broaden their global horizons.

#investment strategy #investment program #St.kitts&Nevis

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afamdental · 3 months ago

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Collagen Induction Therapy for Smooth, Youthful Skin

In the ever-evolving world of skincare, one treatment has been making waves for its ability to rejuvenate the skin and reverse the signs of aging: Collagen Induction Therapy (CIT). Also known as microneedling, this minimally invasive procedure promises smoother, firmer, and more youthful skin by stimulating the body’s natural collagen production. But what exactly is collagen induction therapy, and why is it gaining so much popularity? Let’s dive into the details.

What Is Collagen Induction Therapy?

Collagen Induction Therapy is a cosmetic procedure that involves creating controlled micro-injuries in the skin using fine needles. These tiny punctures trigger the body’s wound-healing process, which in turn stimulates the production of collagen and elastin—the two proteins responsible for keeping the skin firm, smooth, and elastic.

Collagen, often called the building block of youthful skin, naturally decreases as we age. This reduction contributes to wrinkles, fine lines, and sagging skin. By encouraging collagen production, CIT helps to restore the skin’s natural structure, improving its texture and appearance.

How Does Collagen Induction Therapy Work?

Preparation: The skin is thoroughly cleansed, and a numbing cream is applied to minimize discomfort during the procedure.

Microneedling Process: A dermaroller or a dermapen equipped with fine needles is used to create microchannels in the skin. The depth of penetration depends on the targeted skin issue.

Healing and Regeneration: The micro-injuries activate the skin’s healing response, leading to increased collagen and elastin production over the following weeks.

Post-Treatment Care: A calming serum or growth factor is often applied to soothe the skin and enhance results.

Benefits of Collagen Induction Therapy

Reduces Fine Lines and Wrinkles CIT effectively minimizes fine lines and wrinkles by boosting collagen production, giving the skin a smoother and more youthful appearance.

Improves Skin Texture and Tone Uneven skin tone, rough texture, and enlarged pores can be significantly improved with regular treatments.

Minimizes Scars and Stretch Marks Microneedling has shown remarkable results in reducing the appearance of acne scars, surgical scars, and stretch marks by breaking down scar tissue and stimulating new collagen.

Enhances Product Absorption The microchannels created during the procedure allow skincare products to penetrate deeper into the skin, making them more effective.

Non-Surgical and Minimal Downtime Unlike invasive procedures, CIT requires little to no recovery time, making it an appealing option for busy individuals.

Who Can Benefit from Collagen Induction Therapy?

Collagen Induction Therapy is suitable for a wide range of skin types and concerns, including:

Aging Skin: To address wrinkles, fine lines, and sagging.

Acne Scars: To reduce the depth and visibility of scars.

Hyperpigmentation: To even out skin tone and reduce dark spots.

Large Pores: To tighten and refine pore size.

Stretch Marks: To improve the texture and appearance of stretch marks.

However, individuals with active skin infections, certain medical conditions, or who are pregnant should consult a dermatologist before undergoing CIT.

What to Expect During and After the Procedure

During the Procedure

The treatment typically takes 30-60 minutes, depending on the area being treated.

While the numbing cream minimizes discomfort, some patients report a mild prickling sensation.

After the Procedure

Immediate Effects: The skin may appear red and feel tight, similar to a mild sunburn.

Recovery Time: Most redness subsides within 24-48 hours, but complete healing may take up to a week.

Results: Noticeable improvements in skin texture and tone can be seen within 2-4 weeks, with optimal results appearing after multiple sessions.

How Many Sessions Are Needed?

The number of sessions required depends on the individual’s skin concerns and goals. Typically:

General Skin Rejuvenation: 3-4 sessions spaced 4-6 weeks apart.

Scar Reduction: 4-6 sessions for significant improvement.

Stretch Marks: 6-8 sessions for visible results.

Consistency is key to achieving and maintaining optimal outcomes.

Professional vs. At-Home Microneedling

While at-home microneedling devices are available, they are not as effective or safe as professional treatments. Here’s why:

Depth of Needles: Professional devices penetrate deeper, providing better results.

Sterility: In-office procedures ensure a sterile environment, reducing the risk of infection.

Expertise: Dermatologists and trained professionals tailor the treatment to your specific needs, ensuring safety and efficacy.

If you opt for at-home devices, use them cautiously and follow all instructions carefully to avoid potential skin damage.

Potential Side Effects and Risks

While Collagen Induction Therapy is generally safe, there are some potential side effects:

Redness, swelling, and minor discomfort immediately after treatment.

Temporary dryness and peeling as the skin heals.

Rare risks include infection or hyperpigmentation if proper aftercare is not followed.

To minimize risks, always choose a qualified professional and adhere to post-treatment care guidelines.

Post-Treatment Care Tips

Avoid Sun Exposure: Protect your skin with sunscreen and avoid direct sunlight for at least a week.

Skip Harsh Products: Avoid using retinol, exfoliants, and other aggressive skincare products during recovery.

Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water and use a gentle moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated.

Avoid Makeup: Refrain from applying makeup for 24-48 hours post-treatment.

Follow Professional Advice: Adhere to the specific aftercare instructions provided by your dermatologist.

The Science Behind Collagen Induction Therapy

Collagen Induction Therapy’s efficacy lies in its ability to exploit the body’s natural healing mechanisms. The micro-injuries stimulate fibroblasts, which are cells responsible for producing collagen and elastin. This process not only repairs the skin but also fortifies its structure, making it more resilient against aging and environmental damage.

Studies have shown that microneedling can increase collagen production by up to 400%, making it a powerful tool in the fight against aging.

Combining Collagen Induction Therapy with Other Treatments

For enhanced results, CIT can be combined with other treatments such as:

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP): Known as the “Vampire Facial,” PRP uses your own blood’s growth factors to accelerate healing and collagen production.

Chemical Peels: To exfoliate the skin and improve its overall texture.

Laser Therapy: For deeper skin rejuvenation and targeting specific concerns like pigmentation.

Always consult with a skincare professional to determine the best combination for your skin.

Is Collagen Induction Therapy Right for You?

If you’re looking for a non-surgical solution to improve your skin’s appearance and combat signs of aging, Collagen Induction Therapy might be the answer. Its ability to address a wide range of skin concerns with minimal downtime makes it a versatile and effective treatment.

Conclusion

Collagen Induction Therapy has revolutionized the way we approach skincare, offering a safe and effective method to achieve smooth, youthful skin. Whether you’re battling acne scars, fine lines, or simply looking to refresh your complexion, this treatment can deliver noticeable and lasting results. Consult with a qualified skincare professional to explore how CIT can help you achieve your skin goals and rediscover your confidence.

#Collagen Induction Therapy

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lukehapper28 · 9 months ago

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The Ultimate Guide to Kansas City Website Design

In the digital age, a well-designed website is crucial for any business. It’s often the first impression potential customers have of your brand. For businesses in Kansas City, having a professional website can significantly boost your online presence and credibility. This article will guide you through the importance of Kansas City website design and how to find the best services for your needs.

Why Professional Website Design Matters

A professional website design offers numerous benefits. It enhances user experience, improves SEO, and boosts your brand's credibility. Let's dive deeper into these advantages.

Enhanced User Experience

User experience (UX) is vital for keeping visitors on your site. A well-designed website ensures easy navigation and a seamless experience. This leads to longer visits and higher conversion rates. Users are more likely to engage with a site that is intuitive and visually appealing.

Improved SEO Performance

Search engine optimization (SEO) is essential for visibility on search engines. A professional KC web design service will ensure your site is optimized for search engines. This includes proper use of keywords, meta tags, and a mobile-friendly design. Higher search engine rankings lead to more organic traffic and potential customers.

Boosted Brand Credibility

First impressions matter. An attractive, professional website builds trust with your audience. It shows that you are serious about your business and value quality. A well-designed site can distinguish your brand from competitors and establish a strong online presence.

Choosing the Right Kansas City Website Design Service

Finding the right web design service can be challenging. Here are some tips to help you choose the best Kansas City website design service.

Review Their Portfolio

A designer's portfolio is a window into their capabilities. Look for a diverse range of projects. This indicates they can handle different types of websites and design styles. A strong portfolio showcases their creativity and technical skills.

Check Client Testimonials

Client testimonials provide insight into the designer's reliability and quality of work. Positive reviews are a good sign of satisfied clients and successful projects. Look for testimonials that highlight the designer’s communication skills, attention to detail, and ability to meet deadlines.

Assess Their Technical Expertise

Ensure the designer is proficient in the latest web technologies. This includes HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, and responsive design. They should also be familiar with content management systems (CMS) like WordPress. Technical expertise is crucial for building a functional and secure website.

Evaluate Their Communication Skills

Effective communication is crucial for a successful project. Choose a designer who is responsive and understands your needs. Good communication ensures that your vision is accurately translated into the final design. Regular updates and feedback sessions are essential for staying on track.

The Website Design Process

Understanding the website design process can help you make informed decisions. Here’s an overview of the typical steps involved:

Discovery: Understanding the client's needs and defining the project scope.

Design: Creating a visual layout that aligns with the client's brand and goals.

Development: Building the website using coding languages and technologies.

Testing: Ensuring the site works smoothly on all devices and browsers.

Launch: Making the website live for the public to access.

Maintenance: Regular updates and troubleshooting to keep the site running smoothly.

Why Choose Kansas City for Your Website Design Needs

Kansas City boasts a vibrant tech community. This makes it an excellent place to find top-tier web designers. These designers are known for their creativity and technical expertise. They can create custom solutions tailored to your business needs.

Local Knowledge and Expertise

A Kansas City website design service will have a good understanding of the local market. They can create designs that resonate with your target audience. Local designers are familiar with the preferences and trends in the Kansas City area.

Personalized Service

Working with a local designer often means more personalized service. You can have face-to-face meetings to discuss your project in detail. This leads to better communication and a more tailored final product. Personal interactions build stronger relationships and foster collaboration.

Conclusion

Investing in professional website design is crucial for any business aiming to succeed online. In Kansas City, you can find skilled designers who can help you create a stunning, functional website. Whether you need a new site or want to improve your existing one, KC web design services are the way to go.

By following the tips mentioned above, you can choose the best web designer for your business. Remember, a well-designed website is not just an online presence; it’s a powerful tool for growth and success.

In summary, prioritize user experience, SEO, and brand credibility. Choose a designer with a strong portfolio, positive testimonials, and up-to-date technical expertise. With the right Kansas City website design service, your business can thrive in the digital world.

Your journey to a better online presence starts with choosing the right web designer in Kansas City. Make sure to follow these guidelines to find the best fit for your business needs.

#kansas city website design #kc web design

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excellentcorporateservices · 9 months ago

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Learn the Different Kinds of Assessments in Income Tax

ECS is the best tax consultancy firm in Chennai. ECS Accounting delivers legal provisions related to income tax audits so that you may run your business legally and correctly. Section 44AB of the Income Tax Act of 1961 requires tax audits for some persons, requiring qualified Chartered Accountants to audit their financial records before filing their income tax returns.

Income tax assessments can take many different forms, ranging from self-assessment to tax avoidance. To comply with tax requirements, you need to understand the different kinds of assessments and how they work.

Income Tax Assessment Meaning

After each fiscal year, qualified individuals and entities are required to submit income tax returns (ITRs) and pay taxes based on their net taxable income. After you submit your ITR, the income tax department evaluates and confirms it. This process is known as income tax assessment. Your ITR can be selected for a special evaluation based on criteria defined by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).

Types of Income Tax Assessments Under the Income Tax Act

Here are the several types of assessments you need to know:

Regular Assessment

The Income Tax Department assigns an Assessing Officer (AO) or an income tax officer to undertake this assessment. They focus on:

The accuracy of the income you've reported

The accuracy with which the tax and final payment are calculated

Whether you have undervalued the revenue, inflated the expenses or losses, or underpaid the taxes

The CBDT defined the following criteria for this assessment:

If the officer believes you are under investigation, a notice will be given within 6 months for the end of the fiscal year in which you filed the return.

You must submit evidence of declared income before the assessing officer approves or changes your return; the latter may result in tax demands.

Self-Assessment

This tax assessment requires you to calculate your tax burden. Here's all you should know about it:

The tax agency provides a variety of forms for filing returns.

Consolidate your revenue from multiple sources and adjust it to reflect any losses, deductions, or exemptions available throughout the year.

This will give you the net taxable income and calculate the tax based on the slab rates.

You must subtract the tax deducted at source, or TDS and Advance Tax, from the total taxes to be calculated.

This will determine whether you need to pay additional taxes or receive a refund.

Summary Assessment

This type of tax assessment is carried out without the intervention of individuals. Here's what happens.

The information you provide in your ITR is cross-checked against the data in the income tax department database.

Throughout the procedure, the department guarantees that your ITR is fair and accurate.

The return is completed online, and any corrections for mathematical errors, incorrect claims, and disallowances are made immediately.

If the modifications result in a tax increase due, you will get a notice under Section 143(1).

Scrutiny Assessment

After you've submitted your return, the IT department may assign an officer to review your ITR. It works like this:

Section 143(2) provides notification that an officer has been appointed to assess your return.

The officer may request documents, books of accounts, and any other essential data for the assessment.

The officer determines your income tax liability, and if there is a discrepancy, you must pay the difference or receive a refund.

If you are dissatisfied with the assessment, you can request rectification under section 154 or submit a revision application under sections 263, and 264.

If the Scrutiny Assessment verdict is still judged unconstitutional, you may file an appeal with the following higher authorities: CIT (A), ITAT, the High Court, and the Supreme Court.

Income Escaping Assessments

This assessment in taxation occurs when the IT department believes that taxable revenue has eluded assessment. A notice and evaluation can be opened within four years at the end of the assessment year. Reassessment occurs in the following scenarios:

If you have taxable income but have not filed a return

If you have underestimated your income or claimed excess allowances or deductions.

If you have not produced reports on international transactions, as required.

Evaluation of the Best Judgment

This assessment applies in the following situations:

If you do not respond to an IT notice concerning specific information or books of accounts

If you do not comply with a special audit issued by the IT department.

If you fail to file the return by the due date or the grace period

If you do not comply with the terms set under Summary Assessment.

After hearing your arguments, the Administrative Officer considers all relevant evidence before making a decision. This is known as the Best Judgment Assessment. Paying close attention to the different sorts of assessments will help you follow the Income Tax Act's standards and avoid penalties for noncompliance.

You can obtain the necessary funding at competitive interest rates. In addition, you can make easy repayments by selecting a flexible duration of up to 36 months.

ECS Accounting provides legal provisions regarding income tax audits so that you can run your business lawfully and correctly. ECS Accounting Firm provides comprehensive tax auditing services in Chennai. We prioritize privacy protection and strive to improve our client services. We believe in providing professional services with specific abilities in a variety of industries.

#accounting #accounting firm #accounting services #income tax #tax consultant #tax consulting services #tax services #accounting company

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housedesigners · 10 months ago

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Sydney's Finest: Exploring the Work of Top House Designers

Sydney stands as a beacon of architectural innovation, boasting an eclectic blend of modernity and tradition in its urban landscape. At the heart of this architectural marvel lie the visionary house designers who craft the city's residential spaces, shaping its skyline and character. In this exploration, we delve into the world of house designers in Sydney, uncovering their creative processes, signature styles, and the breathtaking homes they bring to life.

Understanding House Designers in Sydney

House designers in Sydney form a vibrant community, driven by a passion for transforming concepts into tangible living spaces that reflect both the needs of their clients and the essence of the city itself. These designers blend functionality with aesthetics, drawing inspiration from Sydney's diverse cultural heritage and natural beauty to create homes that are not just dwellings but reflections of lifestyle and identity.

The Creative Process Unveiled

Behind every stunning home in Sydney lies an intricate creative process, where house designers navigate through the complexities of architecture, interior design, and client collaboration. Beginning with the initial consultation, designers immerse themselves in understanding the client's vision, lifestyle preferences, and practical requirements. This phase sets the foundation for a collaborative journey where ideas are exchanged, refined, and ultimately translated into architectural blueprints.

From conceptualization to execution, house designers in Sydney employ a multidisciplinary approach, integrating elements of sustainability, innovation, and functionality into their designs. Whether it's harnessing natural light to illuminate living spaces or incorporating eco-friendly materials for sustainable living, these designers prioritize both aesthetic appeal and environmental consciousness.

Signature Styles and Architectural Marvels

One of the hallmarks of Sydney's house designers is their diverse range of signature styles, each reflecting a unique blend of creativity, cultural influences, and architectural philosophies. From sleek modernist marvels to timeless heritage-inspired residences, Sydney's top house designers infuse their creations with a distinct sense of character and charm.

In the heart of the city, you'll find architectural marvels that redefine luxury living, with expansive glass facades offering panoramic views of Sydney's iconic skyline. These contemporary masterpieces blend seamlessly into the urban fabric, harmonizing with their surroundings while exuding elegance and sophistication.

Venture into Sydney's leafy suburbs, and you'll encounter a tapestry of architectural styles that pay homage to the city's rich history and natural landscapes. From Victorian-inspired estates adorned with intricate fretwork to minimalist abodes nestled amidst lush greenery, each home tells a story of craftsmanship and ingenuity.

Exploring Noteworthy Projects

As we journey through Sydney's architectural landscape, certain projects stand out as epitomes of design excellence and innovation. From waterfront retreats overlooking Sydney Harbour to cliffside residences perched atop rugged coastal cliffs, these homes push the boundaries of creativity and redefine the notion of luxury living.

One such project is the [Insert Project Name], designed by [Insert Architect's Name], which seamlessly integrates indoor and outdoor living spaces, blurring the boundaries between nature and architecture. With its sculptural forms and sustainable design features, this residence exemplifies the fusion of aesthetics and functionality that defines Sydney's top house designers.

The Impact of House Designers on Sydney's Urban Fabric

Beyond shaping individual residences, house designers play a pivotal role in shaping the very fabric of Sydney's urban landscape. Through their innovative designs and commitment to excellence, these designers contribute to the city's architectural legacy, enriching its cultural tapestry and setting new standards for residential living.

Moreover, the influence of house designers extends beyond aesthetics, encompassing principles of sustainability, community engagement, and social responsibility. By championing environmentally conscious design practices and fostering dialogue within the community, these designers pave the way for a more inclusive and sustainable built environment.

Conclusion: Celebrating Excellence in House Design

In conclusion, Sydney's house designers represent the epitome of architectural excellence, blending creativity, innovation, and cultural sensitivity to craft homes that resonate with the soul of the city. From sleek contemporary residences to timeless heritage-inspired abodes, these designers continue to push the boundaries of design innovation, shaping the future of residential living in Sydney and beyond. As we celebrate their achievements and contributions, let us embrace the transformative power of design to inspire, uplift, and enrich our lives.

#House Designers Sydney #Rapid Plans

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hemantpandey412 · 1 year ago

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Reason Why You're Appealing CIT

Disagreement with Assessment: You're appealing because you disagree with the assessment made by the tax authority regarding your corporate income tax (CIT) liability.

Errors in Calculation: You've identified errors or discrepancies in the way your CIT liability was calculated, leading you to appeal for a reassessment.

Misinterpretation of Law: You believe that the tax authority has misinterpreted or misapplied tax laws or regulations in assessing your CIT, prompting you to seek clarification through an appeal.

New Information or Evidence: You've obtained new information or evidence that wasn't considered during the initial assessment, which you believe would affect the outcome and warrant a reassessment.

Changes in Circumstances: There have been changes in your business circumstances or financial situation that weren't taken into account during the assessment, necessitating a review of your CIT liability.

Procedural Irregularities: You've identified procedural irregularities or errors in the assessment process that may have impacted the fairness or accuracy of the outcome, prompting you to appeal for a fair review.

Website: https://incometaxonline.org/filing-of-form-appeal-before-cit.php

#appeal before cit appeals #online income tax appeal filling #tax

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yourglobalexpansionpartner · 1 year ago

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FDI Policies and Incentives: What Investors Need to Know

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important driver of economic growth and development. As global markets emerge and become increasingly interconnected, understanding FDI regulations and incentives is important for investors and governments. Let's explore the nuances of FDI in India as a prime investment destination.

Why Do Governments Offer Incentives?

Governments worldwide provide incentives to draw FDI for numerous compelling motives, including:

Competitive Edge: In today’s globalized financial system, nations fiercely compete for foreign investments. By offering incentives, governments aim to create an appealing commercial enterprise environment that sticks out on the global stage.

Industry Diversification: Strategic incentives encourage investments in unique sectors, fostering financial diversification. For example, India actively promotes non-oil-related industries to lessen dependency on an unmarried area.

Regional Development: Incentives may be targeted to uplift regions going through monetary disparities or excessive unemployment costs. By channeling investments strategically, governments promote a balanced increase.

Types of Incentives

1. Fiscal Incentives

Corporate Income Tax (CIT) Exemptions: Companies gain from tax breaks, often with unique timeframes. Reduced tax burdens inspire long-term investments.

Customs Exemptions: Import/export duties can be waived or reduced, facilitating smoother cross-border trade.

2. Non-Fiscal Incentives

Infrastructure Support: Governments spend money on crucial infrastructure such as roads, ports, and utilities. Reliable infrastructure draws traders.

Land Acquisition Assistance: Acquiring land for projects may be complicated. Governments offer help to streamline this technique for buyers.

Streamlined Approvals: Expedited regulatory approvals decrease bureaucratic hurdles, making funding techniques more green.

3. Discretionary Incentives

Negotiated Deals: Governments tailor incentives based totally on character-based funding proposals. Flexibility permits for customized solutions.

4. Financial and Non-Financial Incentives

Financial Incentives: These encompass presents, subsidies, low-hobby loans, and equity participation. Financial help encourages hazard-taking.

Non-Financial Incentives: Training programs, research and development (R&D) support, and access to skilled employees enhance the overall investor experience.

FDI in India

With a huge consumer market, skilled labor force, and infrastructure, India remains an attractive destination for FDI. Here's what investors need to know:

Registration Process: All FDI investments must be registered with the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) and comply with industry-specific regulations. Transparency is important.

Exchange Rate Risk: Investors should carefully consider currency fluctuations when making direct foreign investment decisions. Protective measures can mitigate risks.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding FDI policies and incentives empowers investors to make informed decisions. The dynamic nature of India’s economy creates huge potential in various sectors. Whether you are looking at technology, manufacturing, or services, explore the tropical landscape of India.

Ready to explore FDI in India? Contact us now! Let’s shape the future together!

#business expansion #fdi in india #outsourcing #foxnangel #invest in india #franchise in india

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oak-hills-gym-n5cdr67 · 1 year ago

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Brea Garage Door Repairs

DIY vs Professional Garage right to use Replacement in Brea

Garage doors are more than mere entryways to your home's car storage. They stand as vital features contributing to both functionality and aesthetic appeal. But in imitation of it comes to replacing these substantial fixtures, the decision-making process can be quite perplexing. DIY enthusiasts argue for the thrill, cost-effectiveness, and personalized touch, though proponents of professional installation open-minded for expertise, efficiency, and good relations of mind. In this amassed guide, we'll delve into the nuts and bolts of garage gain access to replacement, specifically addressing the dichotomy surrounded by DIY and professional approaches. And we'll in addition to believe to be the nuances pertinent to the area, making it easier for residents to create informed decisions just about their garage doors.

1. Introduction to Garage Door Installation Brea

Let's entre this expression by acknowledging the pivotal role garage doors discharge duty in safeguarding vehicles and enhancing a home's visual appeal. They're not just utilitarian; they're also significant aesthetic components. But later than the times comes to replace them, the unconventional surrounded by a do-it-yourself motion and seeking professional help becomes a vital dwindling of consideration.

2. Brea concurrence Garage Doors

2.1 Types of Garage Doors

Before diving into the replacement conundrum, it's crucial to grasp the diverse array of garage entre types available. Roll-up, sectional, side-hingedeach style comes later than determined features, mechanisms, and compatibility factors to believe to be later than mulling greater than replacement choices.

2.2 Common Issues

Understanding the typical issues plaguing garage doorsmisalignment, worn-out components, motor malfunctionsis pivotal. This knowledge forms the foundation for deciding surrounded by repair and replacement.

3. DIY Brea Garage right to use Replacement

3.1 Pros and Cons

The allure of DIY projects lies in their cost-effectiveness and the personalized be next to they offer. However, it's equally vital to undertake the potential drawbacks, such as safety risks and the time-consuming plants of such endeavors.

3.2 Steps for DIY

For those contemplating the DIY route, a detailed, step-by-step guide for garage entre replacement will prove invaluable. From dismantling the existing gain access to to installing a extra one, this section provides amassed instructions for a flourishing project.

4. Professional Installation

4.1 Advantages

Professional installation facilities arrive laden next a large quantity of advantages. Expertise, efficiency, and often, warranties ensuring atmosphere workmanship, form the crux of this option.

4.2 Cost Considerations

While the prematurely cost of professional facilities might seem steep, delving deeper into the long-term support and other value might just sway the decision-making process.

5. Factors to Consider when it comes to your Brea Garage Door

5.1 capabili ty Level

Assessing one's technical skills and familiarity in imitation of tools and technical tasks is crucial. It's a pivotal factor in imitation of deciding whether to embark on a DIY project or opt for professional assistance.

5.2 Tools Required

Enumerating the tools and equipment required for both DIY and professional installations assists in evaluating attentiveness and feasibility.

6. DIY or Professional?

The age-old debate continues: Should you reach it yourself or enlist professional help? This section focuses on juxtaposing the support and drawbacks nearby personal skills and resources to support readers create an informed decision.

7. Brea in Garage right to use Replacement

8. Conclusion

Choosing amid DIY and professional garage right to use replacement involves weighing various factors, emphasizing the obsession for careful consideration and informed decision-making. Brea in Garage entre Replacement For residents of the city, the decision-making process should factor in the area's specific climate, architectural styles, and local support providers specializing in garage entre replacements. It's just about tailoring the decision to fit the unique needs of the locale. 9. FAQs Q1: Is DIY garage entre replacement advisable for beginners? Beginners can try DIY garage right to use replacement next thorough research and assistance but may benefit from professional assistance initially. Q2: What are the typical costs allied next professional installation in Brea? Professional garage entre replacement costs in Brea revise based on gain access to type, materials, and extra services, ranging from $XXX to $XXXX. Q3: How often should a garage right to use be replaced? Generally, a well-maintained garage right to use can last 15-30 years, but replacement may be needed earlier due to rough damage or wear. Q4: Are there specific weather considerations in Brea affecting garage gain access to choices? Yes, later than Brea's climate is crucial; doors resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations are advisable. Q5: Can a amalgamation of DIY and professional facilities be a practicable option? Yes, homeowners can increase DIY tasks in imitation of professional facilities based on difficulty and personal skills, ensuring a description of cost-effectiveness and quality. Garage entre replacement holds significant importance for homeowners, and deciding along with DIY and professional installation requires thorough assessment. even though DIY projects pay for customization and cost-efficiency, professional facilities ensure deed and quality. Residents in Brea should believe to be local aspects, later than climate and architectural styles, to create informed decisions. Whether opting for DIY or professional services, concurrence one's capabilities and the intricacies of the task is vital for a flourishing replacement. https://breagaragedoorrepairs759.blogspot.com/2023/12/brea-garage-door-repairs.html Commercial Garage Doors Brea https://tipstoeradicatetermites.blogspot.com/ https://tipstoeradicatetermites.blogspot.com/2023/12/tips-to-eradicate-termites.html https://memorycarechoosingthebestplace282.blogspot.com/ https://memorycarechoosingthebestplace282.blogspot.com/2023/12/memory-care-choosing-best-place.html https://howtoeliminatetermites861.blogspot.com/

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vietnamlawyers · 2 years ago

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What Are the Benefit of setting up business in Vietnam?

Vietnam has a coastline that is more than 3,000 kilometers long, and it is situated in a significant region of Southeast Asia. Vietnam's diverse geography includes mountainous, highland, and coastal areas that are suitable for general economic zones, making it an ideal location for the growth of the tourism and trade sectors. Investors can benefit from incentives for land finance, import and export taxes, and corporate income tax when setting up business in Vietnam.

Tax incentives for businesses: The corporate tax rate (CIT) in Vietnam has been gradually decreasing over the past few years. In the 2004-2008 period, CIT was 28%, in the 2009-2013 period it was 25%, from 2014 to 2015, 22% and from January 1, 2016 up to this point, 20%. In addition, the provision of high corporate income tax incentives for a number of essential fields that need to be encouraged for investment has contributed to the attraction of investment, the encouragement of business, the creation of favorable conditions for enterprises to increase accumulation, the increase in investment in the economy, and the promotion of growth, thereby encouraging investors to start businesses in Vietnam.

Tax incentives for imports and exports: Regulations have been added to the 2016 Import and Export Tax Law to exempt high-tech businesses, science-tech businesses, and science-tech organizations from paying import taxes on raw materials, materials, and components that cannot be produced domestically within five years of the start of production. There are also import and export tax incentives being applied such as:

(i)Goods imported for foreign processing are exempt from import tax, and products exported and returned to foreign parties are exempt from export tax;

(ii)The tax payment deadline can be extended to 275 days from the date of filing the customs declaration for goods that are imported for the purpose of processing and are exempt from tax, goods that are temporarily imported for re-export, and goods that are raw materials and supplies used in the production of exported goods; Taxes on goods temporarily imported for re-export may be paid 15 days after the expiration date;

(iii)The creation of fixed assets for investment projects in areas of special investment encouragement, investment promotion fields, and locality with difficult socio-economic conditions is exempt from import tax on goods.

Incentives on land finance: The general land rent can be reduced from 1.5 percent to 1 percent for foreign investors investing in Vietnam. Furthermore, the State likewise specifies the utilization of the land cost change coefficient in deciding the land cost to compute the land lease, consequently, making Vietnam progressively turning into a good objective to draw in unfamiliar speculation and company foundation in Southeast Asia.

In the spirit of the state ensuring the rights of the investors' ownership, investment capital, and other interests of foreign organizations and individuals, creating favorable conditions, and simplifying procedures for such organizations and individuals to invest in Vietnam, the development of a transparent and consistent investment legal system is also increasingly becoming a useful tool to promote inflows of foreign direct investment into Vietnam.

The international public considers Vietnam's foreign investment law to be more open and appealing than those of some of the countries in the region. For instance, the law allows for 100% foreign capital ownership, administrative procedures are simplified, and there is no discrimination between Vietnamese and foreign-invested businesses. The law has been changing to see investment and business as matters between businesses and investors, with investors having full authority to make decisions about everything from investment projects to the company's formation and operations, and the government only guiding, creating an open legal environment with favorable mechanisms and procedures, supervising, and enforcing the law.

ANT Lawyers - a law office in Vietnam will continuously circle back to experts for legitimate update on issues pertinent to venture enrollment or business setting-up in Vietnam.

#establish business in Vietnam #set up business in Vietnam

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technologylawyersinvietnam · 2 years ago

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What Are the Benefit of setting up business in Vietnam?

(i)Goods imported for foreign processing are exempt from import tax, and products exported and returned to foreign parties are exempt from export tax;

ANT Lawyers - a law office in Vietnam will continuously circle back to experts for legitimate update on issues pertinent to venture enrollment or business setting-up in Vietnam.

#establish business in Vietnam #set up business in Vietnam

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businesslawyersinvietnam · 2 years ago

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What Are the Benefit of setting up business in Vietnam?

(i)Goods imported for foreign processing are exempt from import tax, and products exported and returned to foreign parties are exempt from export tax;

ANT Lawyers - a law office in Vietnam will continuously circle back to experts for legitimate update on issues pertinent to venture enrollment or business setting-up in Vietnam.

#establish business in Vietnam #set up business in Vietnam

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disputeattorneysinhanoi · 2 years ago

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What Are the Benefit of setting up business in Vietnam?

(i)Goods imported for foreign processing are exempt from import tax, and products exported and returned to foreign parties are exempt from export tax;

ANT Lawyers - a law office in Vietnam will continuously circle back to experts for legitimate update on issues pertinent to venture enrollment or business setting-up in Vietnam.

#establish business in Vietnam #set up business in Vietnam #Vietnam the business setting up

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theambuj · 4 years ago

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No penalty for non audit if Assessee is prevented by reasonable cause for not getting its accounts audited u/s 44AB within prescribed time

A.P. DAIRY DEVELOPMENT COOPERATIVE FEDERATION LTD. & ANR. vs. DEPUTY COMMISSIONE OF INCOME TAX & ANR. ITAT, HYDERABAD TRIBUNAL (B) P. MADHAVI DEVI, JM & S. RIFAUR RAHMAN, AM. ITA No. 741 to 744/Hyd/2015, 1296 to 1298/Hyd/2015 2nd June, 2017 (2017) 50 CCH 0120 HydTrib Legislation Referred to Section 44AB, 271D, 143(3) Case pertains to Asst. Year 2004-05 to 2005-06, 2009-10 & 2011-12 Decision in favour of: Assessee ORDER P. MADHAVI DEVI, JM. :

These are cross appeals filed both by the assessee and the Revenue for the A.Ys 2004-05, 2005-06, 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 respectively.

ITA Nos.741, 742 and 744/Hyd/2015

These are assessee’s appeals for the respective A.Ys against the order of the CIT (A)-VII dated 24.03.2015 holding the return of income filed by the assessee as non-est.

Brief facts of the case are that the assessee is a company which is engaged in the business of processing and sale of milk and milk products. It filed its return of income for the A.Y 2004-05 on 20.10.2004 declaring a loss of Rs.63,43,910. During the course of the assessment proceedings u/s 143(3) of the Act, the AO called for certain information. The assessee’s representative appeared and filed the required information. The AO observed that the assessee company is mainly engaged in the activities of procurement of milk from farmers in Andhra Pradesh, process the same into whole milk, standardized milk, toned milk and milk products and sells them. For this purpose, the assessee maintains milk sheds and milk product factories all over the State of Andhra Pradesh. The AO observed that the assessee has filed its return of income on the basis of provisional accounts for the financial year 2004-05 and enclosed the annual report in form No.3CA. He observed that as per the provisions of A.P. Cooperative Societies Act, 1964, auditors for the APDDCF Ltd i.e. the assessee herein, have to be appointed by the Addl. Registrar/Chief Auditor, Office of the Registrar of Coop. Societies, Hyderabad and the appointed auditors have to conduct audit for the A.Y 2003-04. Since the assessee has not filed the audited report along with the return of income, the AO informed the assessee’s Authorized Representative that the loss claimed by the assessee shall not be allowed in the absence of completion of such audit and furnishing of the report.

The AO held that in the absence of audited books of accounts, it is not possible to verify the veracity and authenticity of the quantum of expenditure claimed. In view of the same, the AO completed the assessment disallowing the claim of loss and treating the income at Rs.’Nil’. Further, the AO also noticed that the assessee has claimed depreciation at 50% on plastic cans. Holding that the plastic cans are not in the nature of refills, the AO restricted the depreciation to 25%.

Aggrieved by both the above disallowances, the assessee preferred an appeal before the CIT (A) stating that the delay in statutory audit is due to the backlog of audit of earlier years and unless the earlier year’s audit is completed, the statutory audit for the next year could not be completed and that the statutory audits for the earlier years is also delayed considerably due to change in the system of accounting. The AO, thus explained the reason for the deficiency. The CIT (A) however, was not convinced with the assessee’s contention and held that the assessee is required to file the return of income along with the audited report and the assessee being a State owned company, running with public fund should have been careful in running its business as well as in complying with the statutory provisions of various acts. Therefore, he was of the opinion that the return of income filed without the audit report is non-est. Accordingly, he dismissed the assessee’s case. Aggrieved, the assessee is in appeal before us.

The learned Counsel for the assessee reiterated the submissions made before the authorities below and the submitted that AO at no point of time has held the returns to be defective and not issued any defective notices for any of the A.Ys and therefore, according to him, the CIT (A) was in error in holding the return of income as non-est. Thus, according to him, the CIT (A) ought to have decided the appeals on merits.

Having regard to the rival contentions and the material on record, we find that the assessee has filed the return of income on the basis of provisional accounts and the AO has rejected the books as not reliable and disallowed the loss claimed by the assessee. AO has therefore, relied upon the return of income, but has not allowed the loss claimed. In such circumstances, it is not open to the CIT (A) to hold the returns of income as non-est particularly when the assessee, though a Govt. Agency, had no power to appoint the auditors by itself. The assessee has explained the reasons for delay in audit of accounts which is clearly beyond the control of the assessee. Therefore, the delay cannot be attributable to the assessee. In view of the same, we set aside the order of the CIT (A) and remit the issue to the file of the AO with a direction to recompute the income of the assessee on the basis of the audited accounts of the assessee, if they are available now.

In the result, assessee’s appeals for the A.Ys 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2011-12 are treated as allowed for statistical purposes.

ITA No.743/Hyd/2015

This appeal is against the order of the CIT (A)-VII dated 21.4.2015 confirming the penalty levied by the AO u/s 271B of the Act.

Brief facts of the case are that the assessee filed the return of income on the basis of the provisional accounts audited by a Chartered Accountant but did not file the audited accounts. The AO, therefore, issued a notice u/s 271D for levy of penalty for non filing of the audit report. The assessee explained that the audit report could not be filed within the time as the delay took place because the appointment of the Auditors was to be made by the Registrar of the Societies and thus beyond the control of the assessee and that the assessee should not be penalized for non compliance of section 44AB of the Act under such circumstances. However, the AO was not convinced with the assessee’s explanation and levied the penalty. Aggrieved, the assessee preferred an appeal before the CIT (A), who confirmed the order of the AO and the assessee is in second appeal before us.

Having regard to the rival contentions and the material on record, we find that the assessee being a Govt. organization and a Registered Society, has to abide by the rules framed under the Societies Act. As per the said Act, the Auditors have to be appointed by the Registrar of Societies and therefore, is beyond the control of the assessee. We are satisfied that the assessee was prevented by reasonable cause for not getting its accounts audited u/s 44AB of the Act within the prescribed time. Therefore, we set aside the penalty levied by the AO and confirmed by the CIT (A).

In the result, assessee’s appeal for the A.Y 2011-12 is allowed.

ITA Nos.1296 to 1298/Hyd/2015 (Revenue’s Appeals)

All the above appeals are filed by the Revenue for the A.Y 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2012-13 against the orders of the CIT (A)-VII dated 28.8.2015 giving relief to the assessee.

Brief facts are that during the assessment proceedings u/s 143(3) of the Act for all the respective A.Ys, the AO observed that the assessee has debited interest as payable to government loans, but that these were not paid to the govt. account. To verify this aspect, the assessment was reopened by issuance of a notice u/s 148 of the Act. The assessee filed the details called for. The AO observed that the assessee has debited the interest as paid to the govt. on loans taken and in the earlier years, the AO had disallowed the same u/s 43B of the Act. He accordingly disallowed the same in these A.Ys as well. Aggrieved, the assessee preferred appeals before the CIT (A), who granted relief to the assessee against which the Revenue is in appeal before us.

The learned DR relied upon the order of the AO, while the learned Counsel for the assessee supported the order of the CIT (A) and reiterated the submissions made before the authorities below.

Having regard to the rival contentions and the material on record, we find that the interest is payable on the govt. loan and section 43B (d) & (e) provides for disallowance of interest payable to public financial institutions or a State Financial Corporation or a State Industrial Investment Corporation or to any scheduled banks but not paid during the relevant previous year. The CIT (A) observed that the interest payable to govt. is not covered under these clauses. He therefore, deleted the disallowance and the Revenue is in appeal before us.

The learned Counsel for the assessee had also submitted that the interest claimed by the assessee was u/s 36(1)(iii) and u/s 37(1) of the Act and therefore, no disallowance u/s 43B is called for. We find that in the case before us, the Govt. has sanctioned the loan to the assessee for payment to the employees who have opted to retire under the VRS. It is therefore, not covered under any of the clauses of section 43B of the Act, nor is the interest payable to the Institutions mentioned in the clauses. It is not fee or tax paid by the assessee. In view of the same, we see no reason to interfere with the order of the CIT (A). The Revenue’s appeals for all the three years on the same very same issue are dismissed.

In the Result, assessee’s appeals are allowed and Revenue’s appeals are dismissed.

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xhxhxhx · 5 years ago

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“The Only Real Exception”

After writing about the education-polarization thesis and the future of Europe and Asia, I was curious: Has Japan polarized? One of Thomas Piketty’s students studied the question. They came to a surprising answer.

As Western Europe and North America have become increasingly polarized around education and income, Japan has actually depolarized.

Western Europe and Japan started in different places. In Western Europe, the educated classes traditionally supported parties of the right. In postwar Japan, they supported parties of the left. They moved in different directions. In Western Europe, the educated moved left. In Japan, they moved right.

From Amory Gethin, “Cleavage structures and distributive politics”:

7.6 The end of ‘cultural politics’

One of the other specificities of Japanese electoral behaviour is the fact that higher educated individuals have continuously supported left-wing parties, especially during the twenty years following the end of World War II. The historical strength of education levels in predicting party choice in Japan is well-known: it reflects the freezing of the party system which had emerged in the context of the ‘cultural politics’ of the 1950s (Watanuki, 1991).

Even when controlling for the significant improvements in citizens’ education levels since the 1960s, this pattern has persisted for most of the second half of the twentieth century. In the 1960s, 65% of the 20% least educated voters supported the Liberal Democratic Party, against 41% of voters belonging to the top education decile (figure 7.3c). During recent years, however, these differences have decreased considerably, and popular vote for the LDP has oscillated between 40% and 45% for all education groups in 2009-2014. Looking more closely at intellectual elites confirms this evolution (figure 7.3d). In 1963-1967, top 10% educated voters were indeed less likely to support the LDP by about 15 percentage points (8 percentage points after controls). This figure remained broadly stable, staying between 5 and 10 percentage points during the 1963-1996 period. Starting in 2009, however, education lost significance, even when including controls. The decline of the Social Democratic Party during the 1990s and its replacement by the Democratic Party of Japan – which culminated by its victory in 2009 – therefore seems to coincide with the disappearance of what was one of the most fundamental political divisions of Japanese society. The fact that this dealignment was sudden and occurred at the same time as shifts in the structure of party politics suggests that this process is driven by top-down mechanisms rather than long-run evolutions in collective beliefs.

7.7 From a multiple elites party system to political indifferentiation?

Bringing these two dynamics together points to a trend which is the exact opposite of the one observed in most Western countries (figure 7.4). In the 1960s, intellectual and economic elites were clearly separated into two different groups. On the left of the political spectrum, university graduates were highly supportive of the Japanese Communist Party and the Japanese Socialist Party, who based their appeal more on liberal values than on class antagonisms. Meanwhile, the Liberal Democratic Party attracted both low income earners and business elites. Through its defense of organized capitalism, it created strong ties with top executives and industrial leaders who participated in developing Japan’s growth model. This structure of political competition suddenly ended in 2009, when the LDP was defeated for the first time.

While these figures suggest that Japan was originally a perfect example of a multiple elites party system, this characterisation should not be over-emphasised. Persistently strong levels of support for the party among low income earners demonstrates that the LDP has never favoured exclusively economic elites. As was highlighted above, part of its remarkable hegemony came from its ability to distribute equally the fruits of the country’s long periods of growth. The non-linearity of the relationship between income and electoral behaviour is, to some extent, an interesting representation of the Japanese social compromise, which came with its dominant-party system.

Piketty describes Japan as the exception to the education-polarization rule. From Capital and Ideology:

The only real exception to this general evolution of the structure of political cleavages within the electoral democracies of developed countries seems to concern Japan, which has never really experienced a party system of classist type comparable to those observed in European countries and Westerners during the post-war period. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has been in power almost permanently in Japan since 1945. Historically, this almost hegemonic conservative party has achieved its best scores in the rural and agricultural world and among the urban bourgeoisie. The LDP thus succeeded in synthesizing between the economic and industrial elites and traditional Japan, around a project of reconstruction of the country, in a complex context marked by the American occupation and an anticommunism exacerbated by the Russian-Chinese proximity. Conversely, the Democratic Party (main opposition party) has generally achieved its best scores among modest and average urban employees and among the most highly qualified, who are willing to protest against the presence of the United States and the new moral and social order embodied by the LDP, but without succeeding in sustainably gathering an alternative majority8. More generally, the specific structure of the political conflict in Japan must be linked to the particular form taken by Japanese cleavages around nationalism and traditional values9.

8. See A. GETHIN, Cleavages Structures and Distributive Politics, op. cit., p. 89-100. See also K. MORI MCELWAIN, « Party System Institutionalization in Japan », in A. HICKEN, E. MARTINEZ KUHONTA, Party System Institutionalization in Asia, Cambridge University Press, 2015, p. 74-107.

9. In The Game of the Century [The Silent Cry] (1967), Kenzaburô Ôé magnificently evokes the complexity and the violence of the relations between the intellectual elites and the popular classes in Japan, in particular around the urban-rural divide, traditional values and the question of the modernization of the country since the beginning of the Meiji era (1868), without forgetting the role played by the geopolitical positioning of the archipelago, the relationship with the United States and the antagonisms aroused by the presence of Korean workers.

Perhaps Japan was a precociously modern society in the 1960s, with an educated left and a uneducated right. Or perhaps it was a “post-colonial” society, with a self-consciously anti-imperialist left.

The Japanese experience of the 1960s can certainly sound precociously modern. In Haruki Murakami’s Norwegian Wood (1987), one working class student was put off by the 1960s educated left:

"You know, when I went to university I joined a folk-music club. I just wanted to sing songs. But the members were a load of frauds. I get goose-bumps just thinking about them. The first thing they tell you when you enter the club is you have to read Marx. ‘Read page so-and-so to such-and-such for next time.’ Somebody gave a lecture on how folk songs have to be deeply involved with society and the radical movement. So, what the hell, I went home and tried as hard as I could to read it, but I didn't understand a thing. It was worse than the subjunctive. I gave up after three pages. So I went to the next week's meeting like a good little scout and said I had read it, but I couldn't understand it. From that point on they treated me like an idiot.

“I had no critical awareness of the class struggle, they said, I was a social cripple. I mean, this was serious. And all because I said I couldn't understand a piece of writing. Don't you think they were terrible?"

"Uh-huh," I said.

"And their so-called discussions were terrible, too. Everybody would use big words and pretend they knew what was going on. But I would ask questions whenever I didn't understand something. "What is this imperialist exploitation stuff you're talking about? Is it connected somehow to the East India Company?' "Does smashing the educational-industrial complex mean we're not supposed to work for a company after we graduate?' And stuff like that. But nobody was willing to explain anything to me. Far from it -- they got really angry.

“Can you believe it?"

"Yeah, I can," I said.

"One guy yelled at me, "You stupid bitch, how do you live like that with nothing in your brain?' Well, that did it. I wasn't going to put up with that. OK, so I'm not so smart. I'm working class. But it's the working class that keeps the world running, and it's the working classes that get exploited. What kind of revolution is it that just throws out big words that working-class people can't understand? What kind of crap social revolution is that? I mean, I'd like to make the world a better place, too. If somebody's really being exploited, we've got to put a stop to it. That's what I believe, and that's why I ask questions.

“Am I right, or what?"

"You're right."

"So that's when it hit me. These guys are fakes. All they've got on their minds is impressing the new girls with the big words they're so proud of, while sticking their hands up their skirts. And when they graduate, they cut their hair short and march off to work for Mitsubishi or IBM or Fuji Bank. They marry pretty wives who've never read Marx and have kids they give fancy new names to that are enough to make you puke. Smash what educational-industrial complex? Don't make me laugh! And the new members were just as bad. They didn't understand a thing either, but they pretended to and they were laughing at me. After the meeting, they told me, "Don't be silly! So what if you don't understand? Just agree with everything they say.'"

[...]

"So then what happened with your club?"

"I left in June, I was so furious," Midori said. "Most of these student types are total frauds. They're scared to death somebody's gonna find out they don't know something. They all read the same books and they all spout the same slogans, and they love listening to John Coltrane and seeing Pasolini movies. You call that "revolution?"'

"Hey, don't ask me, I've never actually seen a revolution."

"Well, if that's revolution, you can stick it. They'd probably shoot me for putting umeboshi in my rice balls. They'd shoot you, too, for understanding the subjunctive."

"It could happen."

"Believe me, I know what I'm talking about. I'm working class.”

But those dynamics changed. Today, Japan is about as polarized by education as France and the United States were in the 1970s and the United Kingdom was in the 1990s: the more educated and the less educated vote the same way.

I am still interested in whether Japan has depolarized at the level of opinion and policy. Under Shinzo Abe, the country has liberalized. It has more immigration and more women in the workforce. Perhaps that reflects the preferences of an increasingly educated population.

But it might be something else. The Liberal Democrats have a freedom of action that parties in competitive systems do not enjoy. In the United States, Democrats and Republicans must respond to changing preferences. In Japan, the Liberal Democrats can, more often than not, ignore them.

Perhaps Abe simply decided that cultural conservatism is not a winning program. But perhaps the country is changing beneath his feet.

#effortpost

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