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captainamericasmotercycle · 1 year ago

Note

Jake would also be a great fit for the prompt I just sent you, I copy-pasted the prompt from my notes app prompts list and forgot to change the name.

part of my 500 follower celebration!!!

Never Letting Go

pairing: Jake Seresin x fem!reader

warnings: smut, MINORS DNI, 18+, angst, fluff, p in v sex, penetration sex, mentions of money, cowgirl/missionary, jake being in LOVE, me knowing nothing about the military

wc: 1.7k

a/n: ok i had so much fun writing this one so i hope you guys like it!!

prompt: you break up with Jake to try and make sure he doesn’t turn down the dagger squad’s permanent stationing in order to stay with you, and Jake is not having any of that and fucks you so well he shows you just how much he loves you and isn’t letting you go?

absolutely DO NOT steal my work and post it on other platforms. DO NOT feed my work to AI fuck that

You and Jake have been together for almost 2 years. You met in your hometown of Dallas, Texas; you worked in an office in Dallas’s CBD and Jake was stationed just outside of Dallas.

The two of you had run into each other at the grocery store, Jake was fairly new to the area, having grown up in Austin, and he looked a little lost, so feeling pity on him, you decided to help him out. After the long - but not grueling - shopping trip, Jake offered to take you out and of course you accepted.

Ever since then you’ve been attached at the hip. Until now.

Only months ago, Jake was called back to Top Gun for a dangerous, top secret mission. And since his team’s performance during the mission was so high, the squad was offered a permanent spot as a special operations team at Top Gun Academy.

When he told you the news you couldn’t help but be ecstatic for him because you know he’s worked so incredibly hard for this.

You dwelled on the pros and cons of moving to California when you realized that you were only holding Jake back, there was no way that he would go without you but you couldn’t just pick up your entire life and move out to San Diego. I mean you have a job and a life here! Not to mention how expensive Cali is! You just didn’t want him to stay because of you.

There was no way in Hell that you would get between him and his job, so you made the toughest decision, probably of your entire life. You have to break up with him.

You made sure everything was ready by the time he got back to your shared apartment. Dinner was made, the space was cleaned, the table was set, and your head was a mess.

He greeted you with the most loving smile as he walked in the door, which only made a pit form in your stomach. How are you supposed to end things with the person you love most in the world?

Halfway through dinner you decided to start, “Jake, about your job,”

“Yeah, isn’t it amazing, baby?”

“It is so amazing and I am so happy for you because you deserve this more than anyone,” you trailed off and he picked up on your tone.

“But you don’t think I should take the offer?”

“No! No, that’s not it. I think you should take the offer. But I also think we should break up,” you whispered the last part into an almost silent room.

Jake dropped his fork immediately and froze, “Excuse me?”

“I think we should break up. I’m holding you back Jake, I don’t want to get in between you and what you love most,”

“Baby, you are what I love most,”

“Jake, please just listen. I love you so much and you know I only want the absolute best for you. And I think this is the best option for you, for us.”

Jake stood abruptly and paced around the small living room. He didn’t say a word.

“Please say something,” you stood closely behind him.

“We’re not breaking up,”

“You have to take this job, it’s everything you’ve been working up to and I am not going to be the one to hold you back and—“ he cut you off sharply with a kiss and mumbled into your mouth.

“I would never leave you,” he nipped at your jawline and the higher parts of your neck.

This could not be happening right now. This was not how this night was supposed to go, but you couldn’t stop a slight moan escaping from your lips. If you were going to leave him, you felt like you deserved one more time with him.

You pushed him away to hold his face. You looked into his eyes, then found his lips, and kissed them roughly, “Please Jake, I need you, one last time,”

That’s all he needed to hear and he had you in his arms, carrying you to your shared bedroom. He tossed you on the bed, practically ripping his shirt off, he hovered above you, taking your shirt and bra off next.

He sucked on your chest, leaving love bites on the very top of your breasts. “I’m going to fuck you stupid until you get this idea of you holding me back out of your head.”

He moved down to your shorts, pulling them off as quickly as possible, taking your underwear with them.

He kissed the insides of your thighs, making his was up to your core.

He removed his mouth and let two of his fingers press inside of you. He kissed up your stomach as he pumped his fingers deep inside of you and relished in the way you were almost incoherently moaning.

“Fuck, you’re so beautiful,” he held down your hips as he began to lightly suck on your clit. You couldn’t help but let out a pornographic moan.

You didn’t mean to feel the need to release so quickly but you couldn’t help it. You wanted every part of him and you didn’t want to leave him.

He quickened his pace causing you to scream out with pleasure. He pulled his fingers from you and sucked your juices off his hand.

He unbuckled his belt and yanked down his pants, pulling out his hard length. He teased your entrance with his cock, slapping the surface lightly. You were almost a whimpering mess underneath him.

He finally pushed into, both of you letting out a long noise of satisfaction. Jake murmured curses of pleasure under his breath and his thrusted into you.

He had you on your back, your legs on either side of him. He pulled your legs to wrap around his waist and thrusted into you harder.

Jake was now leaning completely over you, his hand on either sides of your breasts, him kissing down your neck, and his stupidly hot dog tags dangling over you as you practically screamed out for him.

He pulled back from your neck and started kissing down your chest again, loving the way your boobs moved as he fucked you into the mattress.

Your nails dig into his back as he starts thrusting at a faster pace.

“Fuck, baby, you’re so good for me,” God he may as well just get you pregnant at this point.

You started to feel a build in your stomach, again. You could tell he was close too because his thrusts started to falter.

He began to pull out to cum, when you tugged him closer to you, keeping him inside. He looked at you with a hunger as you both reached your climax, crying out profanities.

He hung his head low until flipping you over until you were sitting on top of him. He pushed himself up the bed, propping himself up, you still on top.

Holding down your hips, a firm grip on them, you began to bounce up and down on his cock. He finally speaks for the first time, rebounding from the babbling mess you had made of him earlier.

“Baby, I’m not leaving you here,”

You wrapped you arms around his neck for a steadier ride. “Jake-“

“I don’t care, I will turn it down,”

“Absolutely not,” you began to bob faster as you got more flustered, “I want you to go, Jake,”

“I want you to go with me, I thought that was a given,”

“But my job, we can’t afford for only one of us to work,”

He moved his hands up and down your torso, grabbing and squeezing at your tits.

“Yes we can, I have a trust fund, I’ll make sure you never work another day in you entire life. I’ll make you my wife so you can live on base. Or we don’t have to live on base, I’ll buy us a mansion and whatever you want in it.”

There was nothing hotter than seeing the man you love offer to take care of you for the rest of your lives. You want to be with him so bad.

You want every part of him. His highs, his lows, his good days, his awful days, you want it all and everything in between.

Hearing him coax you down from the ledge only made you want him more. Pushing you over the edge of another orgasm. He took you lips with his as you finished for the third time, him for the second.

You pulled away off of him and curled up by his side, resting your head on his chest. He wrapped his arm around your body and kissed your forehead gently, “I promise I’ll take care of you, baby. Don’t worry about any of this,”

“I want to go with you, Jake, if you’ll have me,”

“I want you more than anything on this entire planet, and don’t you doubt it for a second that I would never leave you,”

You pressed a chaste kiss to his jawline, whispering close to him, “I love you, Jake.”

He looked down at you with gentlest expression you’ve ever seen and kissed you again, “I love you and I’m never letting you go.”

It was time to start a new chapter with the love of your life, (and Jake was right, he did fuck you stupid until you dropped the idea of you burdening him and holding him back).

#jake hangman seresin #jake seresin x reader #top gun maverick #jake seresin #hangman top gun #top gun #bradley rooster bradshaw #x reader #bradley bradsaw x reader #hangman smut #jake hangman x reader

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smokingburnouts · 3 months ago

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venkat3681 · 8 months ago

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greenherbalcare · 1 year ago

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Green Herbal Care CBD & Delta-8 THC

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woodfinder8754 · 2 years ago

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capitalcbdastx · 1 year ago

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capitalameri · 2 years ago

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Capital CBD American Shaman

Capital CBD American Shaman is a locally owned and operated franchise of American Shaman. We carry CBD Gummies, Tinctures, CBD Flower, CBD vape oil, Delta 8 & Delta 9 THC products. We have the Most Powerful CBD Hemp Oil Available. We bring worldwide wellness through ultra-concentrated terpene rich CBD oil. We put our heart and soul into creating our store so that it would be a welcoming space for everyone. We only carry highest quality products derived from hemp. We have a water soluble product/oil that has the highest absorption rate on the market. Our CBD topicals can be used for pain relief and we have a line of CBD products for pets. We are your one stop shop.

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Company Hours : Monday - Friday 11am - 7pm ; Saturday 11am - 6pm ; Sunday Closed

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mjcbddtxusa · 2 years ago

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Business Name: Mary Jane's CBD Dispensary - Smoke & Vape Shop

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tabloidtoc · 4 years ago

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Star, December 28

You can buy a copy of this issue for your very own at my eBay store: https://www.ebay.com/str/bradentonbooks

Cover: The Kardashians in ruins

Page 1: Fans jumped to conclusions when Taylor Swift who is known to drop hints about her personal life in her music videos posted a teaser shot for her new clip for Willow of herself in a lacy dress and floral headpiece looking very much like a blushing bride -- Taylor and boyfriend Joe Alwyn have been talking weddings and they initially discussed throwing a big bash in Joe’s native England but they’ve reconsidered since holing up in Taylor’s farm outside Nashville so now they’re just going to go ahead and get married in a small romantic ceremony and forgo the church wedding and elaborate reception since they are super private and prefer to do things out of the spotlight

Page 2: Contents, Heather Rae Young scoped out wedding dresses with Chrishell Stause by her side

Page 4: Jennifer Lawrence and Leonardo DiCaprio are heating up the Boston set of their movie Don’t Look Up where their chemistry is off the charts even though both are seriously taken: Jennifer is wed to Cooke Maroney and Leo’s been dating Camila Marrone since 2017 but Jennifer and Leo have always had a flirty rapport whenever they bumped into each other at awards shows and other industry events -- Jennifer’s husband Cooke could be annoyed with all the flirting even if the actors are keeping things professional and as for Camila she finds his connection with Jennifer pretty intimidating

Page 5: There’s plenty of tension on the set of The Morning Show now that Julianna Margulies has joined Reese Witherspoon and Jennifer Aniston on the series -- Jen wasn’t in on the decision to add Julianna to the cast and is miffed she wasn’t consulted and doesn’t understand why Reese insisted bringing Julianna on board and she’s just plain hurt that the new arrival has been getting so chummy with her BFF and Julianna and Reese are whispering behind everybody’s backs and barking orders like they own the place and they’re not even inviting Jen to lunch

* Olivia Jade Giannulli addressed her part in the $500,000 bribe that ensured her entrance into USC and sent her parents Lori Loughlin and Mossimo Giannulli to prison and reactions to her appearance were harsh with a typical commenter calling her smug but she thinks she did well and figures this will be good for her career as a social-media influencer

* Martha Stewart has been flourishing during lockdown and a new photo shows her looking beyond refreshed leaving some to wonder if she’s doing more than nibbling her new CBD gummies to look so good

Page 6: Kelly Clarkson’s divorce from Brandon Blackstock may be getting ugly but her ex-mother-in-law Reba McEntire is standing by her side even though it can get a little awkward at time but nothing is going to get in the way of Kelly and Reba’s relationship

* A slew of A-listers are about to be dragged into Johnny Depp’s defamation case against his ex-wife Amber Heard as shocking new court papers allege that Johnny had affairs with a bevvy of his costars including Angelina Jolie and Keira Knightley and Marion Cotillard and must submit all responsive communications with them -- the women are mortified and embarrassed they’re being pulled into Johnny and Amber’s tawdry split while for his part Johnny flipped out when he learned he needed to produce his communications with these women and he’s calling the tactics lowdown and disgusting

* Star Spots the Stars -- David Beckham, Chrissy Teigen, Carrie Underwood, Gal Gadot, Floyd Mayweather, Nick Offerman, Hilaria Baldwin

Page 8: Star Shots -- Audrina Patridge and her daughter Kirra out in Beverly Hills, Pete Wentz let his bleached hair down during a tennis game in L.A., Joe Jonas and wife Sophie Turner walking with their daughter in a stroller in L.A.

Page 10: Steve Martin took his meal to go during a break from filming Only Murders in the Building in Central Park, Josh Duhamel and his son Axl enjoyed a playful romp in the grass, Paris Hilton and Carter Reum celebrated their one-year anniversary in Bora Bora

Page 11: Diane Keaton jokingly flirted with the men watching on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in Burbank, Sir Michael Palin brought the laughs during his appearance on The Jonathan Ross Show in London

Page 12: ‘Tis the Season -- Kristen Taekman left a nursery in Encino, a decked out Lil Nas X and Ellen DeGeneres opted for a safe season’s greetings by bumping elbows on the talk show

Page 13: Brooke Burke was all smiles shooting content for her fitness app in Malibu, Niecy Nash and wife Jessica Betts kicked off their first holiday season as a married couple in plaid pajamas

Page 14: Kylie Minogue performing on The Jonathan Ross show in London, Irina Shayk out and about with daughter Lea in NYC, Jeremy Renner and Hailee Steinfeld and a canine costar filmed scenes for Hawkeye in NYC

Page 15: Selling Sunset star Christine Quinn showing some major skin during a photoshoot in L.A., Antonio Banderas and journalist Maria Casado posed for photos at a presentation for their new Spanish television series Escena en Blanco y Negro in Malaga, Spain

Page 16: Beach Babes -- Chantal Jeffries and boyfriend Drew Taggart in Miami, Mark Zuckerberg showed off his gliding skills on his $12,000 eFoil electric surfboard in Hawaii

Page 17: Chris Pratt used his hoverboard as a weight after hitting the sand with his son, Julia Roberts enjoyed a solo stroll in Hawaii

Page 18: Normal or Not? Vanilla Ice headlining the drive-in Winterfest concert in West Palm Beach -- normal, Demi Moore wearing big boxing gloves -- not normal, James Franco couldn’t go without his phone during a getaway in Mexico -- not normal

Page 20: Fashion -- stars look timeless in black -- Sofia Carson, Nicole Richie

Page 21: Taylor Hill, Vanessa Kirby

Page 24: Like so many Gwen Stefani and Blake Shelton are putting their future on hold amid the global health pandemic and Gwen revealed that the two won’t even set a date for their nuptials in order to avoid a COVID situation that would require restrictions -- they have already nailed down a few details like the location which is Blake’s Ten Point Ranch in Oklahoma where he proposed inside a chapel Blake built for Gwen on the 1300-acre property

Page 25: Brian Austin Green and Megan Fox are embroiled in a bitter custody war over their sons Noah and Bodhi and Journey -- Brian responded to Megan’s divorce filing by requesting joint custody and spousal support and he’s in a non-negotiating mood and if she tries to take his kids it’s going to get ugly really fast

* James Franco is ready to pop the question to girlfriend Isabel Pakzad and he’s been looking at rings -- dating since 2017 the two overcame a difficult time in 2018 after James was accused by multiple women of misconduct -- surviving that scandal and enjoying their time in lockdown has convinced James he’s found The One

* Kristin Cavallari and comedian Jeff Dye who were first linked in October jetted off to Mexico for a fun getaway with friends where the couple smooched and danced and enjoyed cocktails and had a wonderful time in Cabo but Kristin isn’t looking for anything serious following her divorce from Jay Cutler

Page 26: Cover Story -- the Kardashian empire crumbles -- with their show leaving the air early next year the Kardashian-Jenner crew could stand to lose it all -- ratings for Keeping Up With the Kardashians reached a new low before they pulled the plug and it’s obvious fans are losing interest and they spend money like it’s going out of fashion

Page 30: A Spy at the Palace -- after a staff member steals more than $200,000 worth of her personal keepsakes Queen Elizabeth no longer feels safe in her home

Page 33: Gone Too Soon -- a look back at the celebrities we lost in 2020 and the legacies they leave behind -- Naya Rivera, Kelly Preston, Regis Philbin

Page 34: Kobe Bryant, Chadwick Boseman, Alex Trebek

Page 40: Beauty -- pretty pout -- sparkly, shiny and matte lipsticks to rock this New Year’s Eve -- Rihanna

Page 42: Entertainment

Page 48: Parting Shot -- Vanessa Hudgens as host of the first MTV Movie & TV Awards: Greatest of All Time

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jackalopefreckles · 4 years ago

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I feel like Ive aged at least 6 years since covid started. Im angrier. Less adapted to being outside then I used to be- which is saying a lot. This time last year I was?? Actually healthier mentally then I had ever been and looking forward to having the house alone for a month which?? Was the most freedom I wouldve ever had.

A lots fucking changed. I drove halfway across the country- all 30 hours at once with my big brother AND two elderly dogs, plus my cat. All animals on too many drugs (the vet said they couldnt overdose, and then failed to give any further instruction) cami peed on herself twice, unable to move. I had to waterboard her in Phoenix, a truly terrifying hell city where all the roads are raised and overlapping and its a hot as shit cause its?? What june?? Time was so fake this year I mustve just been stoned the whole time till I ran out of weed, and since moving its been a relief to be able to turn off the spinning anxious thoughts for a few hours

my big brother joined us. He brought a new dog with him which?? Is always a lot, plus I have this pack of dogs now cause the puppy wouldnt leave the super cancer ridden dog alone, and Im able to get her cbd regularly here, so shes always comfortable now instead of just?? Sometimes which is a lot nicer. We didnt think shed make it to chrisrmas. I thought shed die with me home alone to take care of everything, like always. It was almost a relief, I wouldn't have to coach my brother through the grieving process at least, and I had already finished. Its hard now even, for me to realize she might even have another christmas (but I wont hold my breath)

I feel safer going outside here then I did in Austin. I only went out a handful of times in texas, for the last few months I was ordering almost all groceries, and only going to the store once mask mandates were mandatory (theyre not anymore. Im so worried for texas. I missed a huge freeze by mere months. I dont think my elderly dogs wouldnt survived it. If I was alone with them, Im not sure I woudlve.

My parents took my brother to mexico with them. I begged them not to go, told them how irresponsible it was to travel across boarders. To visit an island and take all the plane germs with. I told them that even if my mom and brother were staying at home all day with me, my dad was still going to work and he didnt know what his coworkers were doing. That they wouldn't know what the people on the plane were doing. That at any point they could become the stupid americans that killed half an islands population.

They left a week after today last year. The boarders were closed the next day. Their friend has been traveling back and forth ever since. I have no idea how, except for the fact shes white and rich and wont hesitate to destroy a child, so I can only imagine how shed treat costomer service.

I will no longer allow this angry aggressive woman to ever make me feel bad, and I will allow myself to finally fight back. Im an adult, maybe not all the time (cause lets be real I'll always be a bit too eccentric for most) but when I get angry and allow myself that anger, it's not a bad thing. Anger doesn't have to make me feel like Ive done something wrong. Im usually very just in my actions, and I wont allow my parents influence to tell me all anger is misdirected and hurtful for reasons I couldnt understand. Its okay for me to be angry.

I think being alone with animals for months is at least reassuring that my childhood was unreasonable if nothing else. Which of course is a silly polite society term for pretty fucked, if nothing else.

My aunt had to gall to say weve had a good 2020 cause our family wasnt hurt, and I had to walk away from the zoom call. I haven't attempted communication with any of them since, not that I normally do. Of course none of us died, all rich old white people, most of them retired and able to stay home all day (not that all of them did, I learned about my grandfathers routine and just.. Im honestly surprised no one got it yet. Of course I knew from the beginning if anyone was gonna get it and die, it probably wouldve been me. Hence the 8 months of solitude before the move.

Was the move in August?? Im so unsure about time. Even with 2020 vision.

I tried to date when I moved here. Strictly on tinder. What was the point? On and off testosterone due to the wonders of texas, hadnt changed my body nearly as much as they should've a year after being on them. I look much more handsome now. Im also allowing myself to toss gender aside completely. He/him doesn't mean man, and they/them dont mean nonbinary, so why not mix them since Im?? Not really either.

It wasnt even a thought process like that to start. Much more "this is nice" which I think more gender should be allowed to be. Dont gotta be deep just comfortable.

I wont ever allow my parents to forget what they did. I ended up with three dogs I didnt want (I was so looking forward to not having any dogs) and I ended up taking care of my brother. Again. Its easier without my parents at least. Everything always is. My dogs are even happier. Cami finally isnt anxious 24/7. Again, a sad reminder my childhood wasn't great. Daisy is healthier. Trauma can be stored emotionally or with health issues, often both. I think the cancer dog getting better and?? Surviving and thriving so much longer then the vet said (how good was my old vet?) Is another unfortunate nail in thay proverbial coffin.

Im not as soft and openly loving. Im even more touch starved somehow. Harsher. I still want to choose love and compassion, but Im not letting myself fall into the trap of being so nice people wont be nice to you. Fighting back is something I wont feel shameful about, because it never stopped me from doing it completely anyway.

I was already reaching this on my own though. This was just more coffins, more nails. This didnt need to happen. We know our government let this happen. Its still letting it happen. Im not sure when Im getting my vaccine. My big brothers sick of quarentine and keeps trying to get us to go out. Sometimes I yield, and we go to a park, or the top floor of the parking garage. I get a vegan hotdog from nearby. We talk and laugh and were genuinely just. Boys being boys.

I shouldn't have to deal with parent shit anymore. I do though, especially since two out of three are unemployed and we can really only afford to live here cause of them (they owe me if anything though. Especially with my brother and these animals) I hope I can get a job soon. Or maybe even go back to school. Im lucky I had so much saved up (for top surgery, which I guess wont happen before Im 25 like I really tried for. I wouldve done it before now, but texas waitlists and rules kept holding me up. I literally went to an appointment in dallas, a 4 hour drive, just to found out the surgeon canceled on me for the second time)

Its incredibly depressing, and I know Im lucky to have had that stash. So many people didnt have anything and lost so much. People lost people. Half a million at this point. I remember when it got to 300,000 and I just?? Felt so awful it was so close to how many people we lost to AIDS. Its over that by so many now. It doesn't really stop, does it??

Is that catholic guilt?? Or maybe just irish guilt in general. Is it something I inherited or earned through all the end of the worlds and once in a lifetime recessions Ive been through. Im not sure how many off the top of my head, theyve been coming since I was so small and its always more and more. Im not even catholic anymore. I cant stop being irish though, even though the brits tried (and succeeded. Weve lost a lot. The current royal cotastrophy is bullshit as well, the only person who deserves a royal title is from Meniappolos

My home is decorate all inside for st patrick's day. My big brother loves it so Im going all out, and its def making me feel much more irish then usual (which is a lot Im over half)

I think I just wanted to say Im not the same. I hope I can still be happy an obnoxious is public. I wonder if I remember how

#TIRED #happy covid anniversary #time to post this without reading it lmao #long post #rambles

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ceenstudent · 4 years ago

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The Effects of COVID-19 on the Ride-hailing and Micro-mobility Industries

Prepared by: The Scooter Commuters

Logan Billin, Brandon Chambers, Adam Dinkins. Bryson Passey, Israel Rivera

Introduction

COVID-19 has been the great agent of change across the globe in 2020. All of us have needed to adapt and change to fit into a rapidly changing world. On a personal level that might mean working from home and dealing with a lack of social interaction to protect ourselves and our families. However, the effects of COVID go much deeper than just simple adjustments in our personal lives. It has far reaching consequences into every structure of our society. Huge, interconnected worlds of trade and transit are now shaping themselves to a world molded by a global pandemic. Besides the loss of life, COVID’s effect on the transportation systems of the world is possibly one of its most impactful and long-lasting consequences. COVID has had a notable effect on new modes of transportation, such as ride-hailing and micro-mobility. Because they are new and expanding sections of the market, a study of COVID’s effect on ride-hailing and micro-mobility is necessary to help form a clearer picture of how our other transportation systems will change in response to COVID.

Ride-hailing and micro-mobility are on the frontier of transportation advancement, with both rising in the last two decades to take over large portions of the personal transportation market. They harness new technological advances to create more efficient and connected transportation systems. By analyzing ride-hailing and micro-mobility before COVID and the resulting changes to each market, predictions can be made as to the future of these modes of personal transportation that affect us all as users of the transportation network.

Ride-hailing

Before COVID-19

To understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on ride-hailing and predict where it may go in the future, we must understand what the state of the industry was before the pandemic. Ride-hailing is still a new mode of transportation, though it has already become a frequently used mode. It is comparable to traditional taxicab services. The main difference is that riders hail drivers online rather than from the street. The concept has been around since the late 1990s, but it has become increasingly practical as technology has become more accessible and mobile. The major ride-hailing companies that most people are familiar with include Uber and Lyft, which were founded in 2009 and 2012 respectively. Since that time, these companies have grown until their services were being used to make billions of trips each year.

The growth of this industry has caused many transportation engineers and planners to research ride-hailing and the effect it has on other aspects of the transportation network. One such study that sheds some light on the purposes of ride-hailing trips and why COVID-19 has had such an impact on the industry was performed in Austin, Texas (Dias et. al., 2019). This study used trip data from RideAustin, the major ride-hailing company in Austin, as well as census and parcel data to determine trip origins, destinations, times of travel, and frequent user demographics. These data help us to infer what common ride-hailing trip purposes were before the pandemic and compare them to the trends we see now.

The data summary table from this study is shown in the Figure 1 below. Some of the key data points to notice are the common origin and destination location types, the time of day trips were taken, and frequent user demographics. Residential areas were the most common location for both origin and destination. Over thirty percent of ride-hailing trips started or ended in residential locations. Commercial areas were nearly tied with Central Business District/Downtown Mixed-Use areas (CBD/DMU) with a little over twenty percent of ride-hailing trips starting or ending in each of those location categories. About fifty-five percent of all ride-hailing trips were taken at night between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. Most frequent ride-hailing users were under the age of 45 and did not have a child at home. Nearly ninety percent of frequent ride-hailing users owned one or more vehicles.

Figure 1: Summary of data from RideAustin study (Dias et. al., 2019)

The high frequency of trips in residential areas is to be expected since people have to travel to and from their homes. The high frequency of trips to and from commercial areas suggest that many ride-hailing users are commuting between home and work via ride-hailing services. Inferring a trip purpose for the CBD/DMU areas is difficult because of the many purposes people could have to go there, but combining the high frequency of trips to these locations with the high percentage of trips made at night can suggest that many of these trips had entertainment purposes, such as going out to restaurants and bars. The authors of the study suggest that one major reason people choose to use ride-hailing services is to avoid driving under the influence. The demographic data from this study show that ride-hailing is most popular among the younger generations. This is likely because these generations are more technologically literate than older generations. Additionally, ride-sharing services like Lyft and Uber have been steadily taking over the market traditionally held by taxi services. In mid-2017, ride-sharing services eclipse taxi services in New York City, as seen in Figure 2. These trends are likely to continue in the future.

Figure 2: NYC Daily Trips: Taxi, Uber, and Lyft

Other studies have made similar conclusions to the study referenced above. The most common ride-hailing trip purposes prior to the pandemic were commuting and entertainment. The frequency of these kinds of trips were greatly reduced when the pandemic began because of the work and social distancing restrictions that were enforced throughout the United States. With many businesses, bars, and restaurants closed, trips to these places no longer took place. The data presented in the following sections illustrates the effects this had on ride-hailing usage.

During Initial Lockdown

COVID-19 was declared a national emergency on March 13, 2020 by President Donald Trump. Additionally, most state governments, including all the highly populated states that make up the majority of ride-hailing services, initiated several week lockdowns. In the uncertainty of a new disease, bars were closed, tourism withered away, entertainment died overnight, and a large portion of businesses were forced to close temporarily. In many states, all non-essential workers were confined to their homes. All non-essential business was suspended. Ride-hailing services saw an immediate and large-scale decrease in their services. Lockdown orders led to a sharp decrease in personal travel. Individuals were only able to go to the grocery store or other essential business. There was simply no more demand for ride-sharing services as all leisure and the majority of travel came to a screeching halt. Customers also had a growing concern for their personal safety in a car that was not their own and were thus more likely to use other means of transportation for the few trips that remained.

Figure 3: Uber Gross Bookings Week on Week 2020

Figure 4: Uber Monthly Average Users and Total Trips

The full effects of these lockdowns can be seen in the figures above, reported by Uber in their quarterly earnings report. As seen in Figure 3, Uber experienced a 60% decrease in Gross Bookings from mid-February to mid-March. Their monthly users dropped from 111 million to 55 million, a 50% decrease. Additionally, total trips dropped from 1,907 million to just 737 million, a 61% decrease, both seen in Figure 4. Comparing the drop in average monthly users to total quarterly trips, a difference of 11%, we can see that not only did Uber lose half of their monthly users, but additionally those users who remained took less trips than before March.

In response to this dramatic decline, ride-sharing companies quickly rolled out new policies. Beginning in May 2020, these policies were designed to both protect the company and their drivers from liabilities, as well as calm fears of COVID transmission experienced by users. The policies common among all major ride-sharing services include:

● Requirement for everyone riding, driving, or delivering to wear a face covering.

● Free cancellations for riders feeling unsafe by drivers not wearing a face covering.

● Required checklist for drivers including: having on a face cover or mask, sanitizing vehicle or food delivery equipment, and not allowing anyone to ride in your front seat.

● Required checklist for riders including: wearing a face cover or mask, sanitizing hands, and sitting in the back seat with windows open for ventilation.

● Required selfie from drivers before pickup, confirming that they are wearing a face covering.

Current State and Efforts to Recover

Ride-hailing services around the world have been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, and Uber was no exception. Prior to the pandemic, Uber released quarterly reports that highlight their tri-monthly gross bookings, revenue, and trips among other categories as shown below in Figures 5-7. Additionally, Uber provided a summary of their gross earnings broken down by services. Because the first quarter was hardly affected by the pandemic, we will look closely at the second and third quarters. While the net revenue in the second quarter of 2020 was lower than that of 2019, we see that there was a decrease in revenue from mobility and an increase in revenue from delivery (Figure 8). This is because there were less trips made using Uber’s ride-hailing section and more food deliveries made in their UberEats section. In this pandemic, people are encouraged more than ever to stay home and have food delivered to them. Therefore, there was such a large spike in this year’s second quarter compared to the same time last year. Delivery revenue increased from $3.386 billion to $6.961 billion which is a 106% increase. The change does not stop here because on July 7th of 2020, Uber launched its grocery delivery system. This effort was to combat the decrease in ridership Uber was seeing in its ride-hailing service. Thus, we see in the third quarter of 2020 an even larger increase in revenue under Uber’s delivery service from $3.658 billion to $8.550 billion boasting a 134% increase (Figure 9). While the ride-hailing service of Uber is still recovering from the pandemic, the delivery service section has been flourishing to maintain numbers in revenue near pre-COVID 19.

Figure 5: Uber Q1 Report

Figure 6: Uber Q2 Report

Figure 7: Uber Q3 Report

Figure 8: Uber Q2 Supplemental

Figure 9: Uber Q3 Supplemental

Figure 10: Uber Net Revenue

Predictions for the Future

While the pandemic is still on-going, the trends that we see in Uber’s data show some promise for the recovery of the ride-hailing industry (see Figure 11). In the first quarter of 2020, Uber’s ridership had increased since 2019. Uber has currently recovered 90% of its Gross Bookings as of September (see Figure 3), 70% of their average monthly users, and 60% of their total trips (see Figure 4 for both) as compared to before the pandemic. Restrictions and lockdowns for the pandemic began in mid-March and continued for the rest of the second quarter. During this time, ridership was very low. However, Uber has already begun to recover, and we see increased ridership in the third quarter. Ride-hailing rates are still not back to where they were in 2019, but it is increasing from the lowest point in 2020. As society continues to adapt to the pandemic and medical researchers come closer to creating a vaccine, this trend is likely to continue.

Figure 11: Quarterly data comparison of 2019 to 2020

Figure 12: Global Net Revenue for Uber

Once a vaccine is created and restrictions are lifted, it is likely that the use of ride-hailing will resume the steady increase in ridership that it had before the pandemic. There may be a decrease in the number of ride-hailing trips for commuting, since many businesses which have adapted to working from home may continue to do so, but it is likely that the number of trips used for recreation and entertainment purposes will increase. As seen in Figure 12, Uber has consistently become more and more profitable. As of Quarter 3 of this year, they have regained most of that revenue, putting them in the same position as they were in Quarter 1 of 2019. Additionally, the trend of ride-sharing services to take over the taxi market as seen in Figure 2 is also likely to continue. This, combined with the recovery rates stated above, shows that that companies have weathered the storm of COVID-19, retaining much of their revenue and user base. As people return to working in offices and social distancing restrictions are lifted, people will turn to ride-hailing again as a reliable mode of transportation. As future generations become more comfortable with technology, we can expect ride-hailing to become a very popular mode of urban transportation in the future. We fully expect the total recovery and expansion of ride-sharing services.

Micro-mobility

Before COVID-19

In the decade before 2020, micro-mobility was a new and emerging market. According to a study from the National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO), 88 million bike share trips were taken in the US in the seven years between 2010 and 2016. Afterwards, there was a 100% increase in ridership from 2017 to 2018 and an additional 60% increase over the next year. The overall growth of the micro-mobility market and the individual modes of transit that are a part of micro-mobility is shown in Figure 13. Per NACTO’s study, the average trip in 2019 was around 11 to 12 minutes long and traveled 1 to 1.5 miles in distance.

Figure 13: Total Micro-mobility Riders by Year and Mode.

In a recent interview, Wayne Ting, CEO of Lime e-scooter service, commented on the nature of rides before and after the pandemic. According to Ting, about 30% of Lime riders before the pandemic were tourists, or people not from the city they were riding in. The main purpose in e-scooter ridership was as a form of “first-mile” and “last-mile” transit. Basically, to get people to and from public transit options that they would use for most of their route.

In 2019, LINK introduced a fleet of 500 e-scooters to Provo, UT. In an interview with Mayor Michelle Kaufusi, the Daily Herald reported that each of these scooters averaged 3 trips a day, or 1500 total trips a day. Mayor Kaufusi confirmed what Wayne Ting had said in his interview: the primary purpose behind e-scooter trips was first and last-mile transportation. Utah County data shows that 50% of e-scooter riders connect with UTA at some point on their trip.

During Initial Lockdown

With the initial lockdown and work-from-home initiatives launched worldwide in response to the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, transit in all forms took a major hit. NACTO’s micro-mobility report shows that the top 8 bike share companies saw a 44% drop in total number of trips in March and April of 2020. This is a relatively small hit though compared to an 80% drop in public transit trips and an average 68% to 72% drop in total US household trips. The drop in ridership forced micro-mobility companies to adapt. This caused some of the smaller companies, like LINK in Provo, to completely withdraw scooter service for time. Other cities worked with micro-mobility providers to focus e-scooter and e-bike service in areas near primary care centers and hospitals. Bird, Lime and other companies instituted free rides for healthcare workers as an attempt to aid in the fight against COVID 19 and as an effort to stay relevant (Bird, 2020).

An analysis of credit card data by The New York Times found spending on scooter rentals had decreased by nearly 100% (Leatherby and Gelles, 2020). NACTO reported a significant drop in profits and massive layoffs in the global micro-mobility market. According to an online layoff tracker, layoffs.fyi, there were about 1000 full-time employees laid off by early May. One of the biggest companies for micro-mobility, Bird, infamously laid off 400 employees in a two-minute zoom call (Tamplin, 2020). For some companies, this hit was catastrophic. With the poor outlook for micro-mobility and no hope of the market returning anytime soon many companies were sold or went under. Uber sold its shared bike and scooter business “Jump” to Lime, making Lime one of the biggest companies in the industry today (Hawkins, 2020).

To lessen the spread and encourage people that the scooters are safe, strict cleaning regimens were designed. One company went as far as automatically locking their scooters after each use until someone could clean the scooter. As their efforts began to pay off they were allowed to increase their presence in many cities, though as protests, unrelated to COVID-19, began to be wide-spread across the country, many companies removed their products from the streets (Lekach, 2020).

Some companies managed to weather the storm. Super pedestrian, a micro-mobility company based in Cambridge, MA, is a company whose initial success comes from their e-bike product, the Copenhagen Wheel. Initial prior financial success and security allowed the company to secure the purchase of Zagster, the corporation that ran LINK. The more secure company, combining its own experience and resources with that of the former Zagster, allowed for the reinstatement of LINK in many areas, including an initial 200 e-scooters in Provo, with a scheduled increase around the time when school would start up again.

Current State and Efforts to Recover

After the initial pandemic hit, the skies began to clear for the micro-mobility sector. According to NACTA, micro-mobility ridership in New York City was higher in July of 2020 than it was in July of 2019, and the data from Austin, Texas is showing a strong recovery. Micro-mobility has not only returned but has grown since the onset of the pandemic, and this growth came in ways that no one was expecting. Former trends for when and where people were taking rides totally changed.

One of the biggest micro-mobility companies, Bird, posted on their blog in June what they are calling “The 3 Most Compelling E-Scooter Trends Post COVID.” Number 1, more people are trying scooters for the first time. Number 2, Nearly twice as many riders are becoming repeat riders. Number 3, scooter riders are more than 50% longer (Bird, 2020).

Scott Tong, with marketplace.com, verifies Bird’s claims saying that micro-mobility is now being used for regular errand trips, recreational trips, and complete alternatives to potentially crowded public transit. According to NACTO, the increase in NYC trips also includes a more spread out usage, with longer trips.

Wayne Ting expounded more on these changing trends. In his interview with marketplace.com, he revealed that trips have moved away from financial and downtown areas and instead have turned to residential areas where the average trip is increasing in length and time by about 33%. According to him, “We see people start at their home, they go on a 30- or 40-minute trip…” Some of these trips are running errands, some are visiting friends, but some are simple joy rides. “What we think is happening is people want to be outdoors, and they’re not quite sure how to be outdoors while observing social distancing. But they want to get the sun, they want to get the air, and they find bikes and scooters a really good way to do that,” he told marketplace.com. Lime introduced scooters to Orem and Lehi in early June 2020 and to no one’s surprise, has focused on placing these near residential areas.

The data collected by Austin, Texas, corresponds perfectly with these claims. Both scooter trips and trip duration have increased starting in May 2020 with a large increase in August and further increases month after month. While many people lost their jobs and many companies went out of business, micro-mobility is poised to make a full recovery in the years that follow.

Figure 13 Trip Distance

Table 14 Scooter Trip Distance

Figure 15 Trip Duration

Table 16 Scooter Trips Duration

Figure 17 Trips

Table 18 Scooter Trips

Predictions for Future

The future of micro-mobility is promising, but the picture of where it’s heading is still not clear. Hard financial times have removed many competitors from the market and allowed stronger companies to acquire their supply of scooters and bikes. With less competition and an increased supply, companies like Bird and Lime are the ones to watch.

Predictions by NACTO rely on the adaptability of individual companies and the cities in which they provide their services. They note that adaptability works best when the city and provider work together, as was seen in areas where micro-mobility was focused around care centers as part of the collective COVID-19 response. Lime, as a business, is yet to turn a profitable year, however Wayne Ting notes that 2020 was expected to be profitable until the pandemic, but 2021 is still looking to be a profitable year. Ting notes that the areas hardest hit by COVID-19 (such as Korea and Italy), have shown the greatest improvements in micro-mobility.

Conclusion

COVID has hit ride-hailing and micro-mobility hard, with both markets losing around half of their demand. At the same time, they have bounced back and are here to stay. Both sectors are highly adaptive due to their innovative approaches to personal transportation. Each of these modes is data and optimization driven. Therefore, companies can quickly change policies, like cleaning and tracking, and provide information to consumers to maintain operation and reduce rider fears. By seeing how the innovative frontier of the personal transportation market adapts to COVID, we gain a clearer picture of the future for other transportation systems as well.

The future of both ride-hailing and micro-mobility are bright, though for different reasons. Ride-hailing, while still relatively new, is an established market with appropriate infrastructure. The few companies that control it, namely Uber and Lyft, have weathered the storm of COVID-19 and are poised for further expansion. They have regained the majority of their pre-COVID metrics without a loss of infrastructure. Ride-sharing will likely continue to take over the taxi industry and may even accelerate as Uber and Lyft are more capable of adaptation than traditional taxi services. Trends of increased profitability, efficiency, and market expansion will continue in a post COVID world.

Micro-mobility is an emerging and risky market. This is evident in the many companies that have shut down and sold off their inventory in response to the pandemic. As weaker companies die, this will leave massive holes in the market. Those stronger companies that have survived the pandemic are now better equipped for rapid expansion by filling those holes. Armed with the inventory and markets of their former competitors, companies like Lime will be more profitable and likely expand into new urban and residential areas.

The future of ride-hailing and micro-mobility markets shows a very likely future for transportation systems in general: a move away from traditional transportation in favor of more flexible high-tech systems. As systems adjust to a rapidly changing world, we are likely to see large and innovative solutions.

References

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