#C - M - Þ

[dfwbwfbbwfbwf]

Vote on sister polls:

Tyelcormo vs Curufinwë vs Þauron

Tyelcormo vs Curufinwë vs Moringoþo

Tyelcormo vs Curufinwë vs Eöl

Þauron vs Moringoþo vs Eöl

Þauron vs Moringoþo vs Tyelcormo

[genderoftoday]

Todays gender is

‚À'Ë|ºì8íÂ

AN`1_Ýinr„/î´79×Fwځ‚œÁ’à´79„
#Çinr

s¾4ºÓ*Üä_ÝinrŽ/î´79‡77:xW

_ÐÄi*n: 4áIB+_C.

59§;pCÐ!ð•"_+¶Ši¦™¦&çtn:_Ýin:_Ýin:Ö<ôMœF↠Ñ‚&L"ÖC©É?ëœÞÁ

A‡âš8Ä

AÓì¥ÑKëœ|ㆠégiôR­

k$nò‚.` K£g{ër®Ñ4+_§~Üt _Kn:eA7ùÃ

A—ÀB&ß÷S_ÐÄnºˆjOòÖ«>y«W/↠ËhÄÒè¥&­«F©4Ö•#kÚåz7]Hµ¥ÑK ¿»)®qCÐ

¥ð$¡Ô‚&¥zhwý]/↠KùÜ>çJ-hRªŒvߨ«7}£\/↠K¡gË>IPo÷¹Ï}®¢³=£¶­S<a÷ågÓØ0ÅÏ:”°Tx«]/↠ËÌÒèêÕCþßÿý_¿žRû6\ûÚ¶Ø8ö­û

ßÿþ7U§5¸!è
º4º“Þÿ¿ÿýoªäòQÚi§6íAééÙ‡l¯ª‘ Ny+d H¯üÖ2Mr
Üw Õ.›”l° ü(¦ò¡<[&ÊŽÒJé?øàƒðú믇·Þz+|òÉ'1=Çfžyæ0Ë,³„¡C‡

†ÙgŸ=5@zÜç?ÿù˜÷gŸ}·³†Äi>n:”j—­’!¨å’G=¸öQÚ/|¡ÿËJï¿ÿ~xüñÇÃÍ7ßÝ?þñðŸÿü§x4„9æ˜#,¶Øbaå•W묳NXvÙeÃüóφŸ2‰Éˆ d$j©_3

©×ˆv"n:”j—­C€bª—FùQP¶qê­?úè£ðôÓO‡/¼0œþùáå—_Žá• N€Í7ß<lµÕVaÅWóÎ;o<¦e´[Ý8CµËV!RN

Û Àe—]N=õÔðÊ+¯D£A\•‰O|œÂ

T¦n)`Ë-·»í¶[X}õÕãmp¬ÝŠØîòہ‚¥Úe«$ÌÕÒj¨2ä÷ᇆË/¿<sÌ1áᇎáRl{_/EÂIK™

gÇþôÓOvØa‡°ãŽ;†5×\3ÛN¨C¯á† Mä©Ù©‹þRŠðâ‹/

†K/½4tÐAáã?.†NyB c€¯ô•ÎQqÅ"��,~õ«_ÅÛ†Yg5†)}«ƒ§%´»É)ß

;# )´TûÜûßÿýá‚.ˆ“<¨ÊÖí„ NŒ>~ö³Ÿ…½÷Þ;Œ1"5*j¯V)¨'WT»4•¶

RZÒéñŽ¸R~¶ñß|óÍpë­·†³Î:+\{íµÅ”}i«Õkã

B8æ¨柏IÅN9-„ߝÂ;ïöWøjþ
Ÿ¹ƒ£Ž:*,¾øâ1dzO+šI¥víZ’†vrJ¢œ]%JÅ—K®«/^¢hÑ“&M*

Œ=º()ŸºDA

‰¢ö˺_þ<þ÷v"Vï÷N(\uQ(2%y)¿ÄðÄ0|ÂØÞd“M

Ï=÷\±F}Po[Ïrè<Ë9gj|DÐòÔÄÔ…Ñ€zØD1â ŸžIÀ#Ž8"N

a8 ítÓM>ýôÓ²çôßÉ

L0w,Iôá_á­ä8ÐóS&ØÛêÅÈ ÇÈ`üøñaî¹çŽåQÕ·ÕÚ[çãL¡r‹:u@VÊJH ˹Á@:”P6)Šù裏†ïÿûýŒ J§òˆË0½Ò9M[J¢’ª~üF§¸›äEÙ”

I^
Õƒü9W]uU8÷ÜsÓzÖbœÁá­ÚD¤@ƒuÕ(•¦'¥¢'ÆñXð¿ýíoã[‚Êè¡ÕsF|+ÅÇŸ7d+ˆšlO›øI1}AÅz”r2<¥œtÒIáÙgŸû¸JFHdóÌ:gjÜô(ôÆ

À­ÀÑGFÎ>ûìTé9ŽÒð¨_ Òm
6¶¸!}+Fýã„>MFzPYôü

PÜk¯½_\zä‘GâÈÁ¹I$ÕéB…*nõ‘(Uq«dP¸ì²Ë

K.¹$ªšºD)Ó ;¹¤'îçWsû•™,<

õ„©ãΖ¥ü ËÖaùå—/œx≅§žzªx¥Éž§¥Ò±^Ç'».)=«z} ,Q´¸ýüóχóÎ;/üú׿N{|‰

‎

[thesquireinvictus]

Old English Runes – Latinized!

I thought to myself "What if they hadn't given up the futhorc for the alphabet, and had instead simply adapted futhorc to the Latin script?"

A a ᛫ B b ᛫ Ʌ ʎ  ᛫ D d ᛫ E e ᛫ F f ᛫ G g Ð þ ᛫ H h ᛫ I i ᛫ J j L l ᛫ M m ᛫ Ƚ ƚ ᛫ O o ᛫ C c Ŋ ŋ ᛫ R r ᛫ S s ᛫ K k ᛫ V v ᛫ T t ᛫ Ƒ ƒ Ƿ ƿ ᛫ Æ æ ᛫ Ʒʒ X x ᛫ Y y ᛫ Z z

A ᛫ B ᛫ C ᛫ D ᛫ E ᛫ F ᛫ G Thorn ᛫ H ᛫ I ᛫ J L ᛫ M ᛫ N ᛫ O ᛫ P Ng ᛫ R ᛫ S ᛫ K ᛫ U ᛫ T ᛫ V Wyn ᛫ Ah ᛫ Yogh X ᛫ Y ᛫ Z

Ðð is "Th." To get "Sh" you write Sʎ or Sh Æ æ is for shorter A-sounds. Note Ƚ is an N. V is a U, like under. Wyn (Ƿ), as in "win," is a W. And Ƒƒ is a V, like violin. And Ʒʒ (or Ȝʒ) unmodified is a throaty, stopped noise, like "Ugh!" or "Loch," but represents the rather tricksy "gh" relic, which makes up to a dozen noises in Modern English.

[scrapsthecat]

>> This might seem crazy, but he dj٨§°‚:‚hªj§ၧ jĀr¡‘m†a8rÞ ¨(¦Ɵ¨lk0†ž†ž…竺euö뀰ၧ iĀ¡c‘hoa8(¦Ɵ¨lk0†r†

>> I hope this helps.

[ SOURCE : PERSONAL COMPUTER, SENT AT 10:42P.M. ]

The message must've gone through wrong... sigh.

[cablll]

Erm, treat or trick?

HELLO!!!!!

you get a png that i had in my downloads folder turned into a text file!

‰PNG 

IHDR €  'úÊ R.IDATxœÕ½×–$¹’®÷A¸{¨ÔUÕÕb«³Gò,^‘|$Þñ
ø ‡³¸È3sf¶hQE(W xa¸GfVuu÷žÙCÔÊÊÌÈw 0ñ›2ÿçÿñ¿'t¤”ˆ!B"•W!¥Hš½âô³uV2c¦a bH¤dpUÍz½as~Áj½¡^,hªë¤Hˆ#1F’1Œ1Ðv=Ǿçp<p<ûœÇúëk¬«qU Æ fÏŒ¼B2ù™#Qçb*s2Xâ(÷ãˆ1©¼?Å„I–qìGÆ®e Æa „@J çMÓà½Ã{Gí+*WᝣvïÀ™H ¡oi{ÚÞ®=0=$Y©Çà Ó2RJú<‘” ‘ˆ@²cH1S$„ˆÁ±úù$×O@JÄ R’5óÏÜûÙÇ1ºÈ)%Œ5ºÞ©üýdáS}€gG‚cùJH¨›c$„@#ã00#!DbŠ˜$ϐÐzîòy£™h"=ûÎÙÉ’S’{(‘ÀÄé]ùÚÖÚé{¢Ö€·òƘ¦ý’ý4ŸG ùd)Ÿ„NÏœ¼G†0晘‰Lb"…Hè&ÊƧ…8’l¾A Ä@‘Aç" ù‰g.+¥rj aèfÉtÓbœ8ÝŒjÒlé§9&0 kŒž°(»’")p–”1Z’5$äô–ýŒ5ÏÏ;£
0r›˜ êZåùÈZ
8ë°FZ8ØdtÍdoŒîÞ³tÑæ›jLÞ@aIò§0/ÆXÙ¥NC¤$,1…@
묲9™pˆGbòZÔňl>ŸÚþù<ä+¦”?HÔ“žbÄdn4{OR¶lRqv·LHysô÷IÑÈïÆR’Å/sËDiŒžbŠä:™1z¢ÞQÿ®›Rd‘��pýÀ0„Qˆ¬®jꪢò[yV÷À蹴嚏@Ÿèc úìvçÏ})‹GyE_0™)Fù§é,¥Dˆ:±ˆQ¾²üžôó§hÚ¤¹è⻌"Oîšb,³ŽÑɽ–~Î ZNϽ+böÑퟓ9 c釁~h‡žãñÈñp¤ëzBuU±^­8_o8߬ñ%¡SžB²EmZVcD>Țز½I?œùÀ)$?´1ıƖE´Æß6kT+›!,3YʨŠŒ(4I&MÌë¥Kh w™Ÿ(Y¹T^1¨’'¬Ù¤8ÓYDÜÄ‹| a“±(Mr £§åÄ J˜¤ˆ³ÒÉc’(³²Ž©(Q¹XLMVÑ]¡åFº[1%ÆèûÝnÏþxàÐiÛŽnìú‘1ÈšÀ9Çáx¤ë;’MàÎh\u²Ï¢F‚·ª©$
¥¸D"‘Î¬uªôpò€Îªb¡,Í@$Ù#S(9ËücŠ¤lu$Uò"êf=@†,ŠòNÏN–jfÒð…u›I K
ä“zJÇzí””0 1¨b›¦¯™x! “5Lß ’hç™x’i"r”p³lòÆÇ¢öEã8Òu=Ƕe¿;°Ýî8´CÏFÑüõѲ¾B¤cŠøª¢ª*ìÒâr‚Ù³ Èk-1É0]ß3tý8({¡œnk-¾òT¾ÂƒwçÝd-¨Î0×#TWN¢R”£¡,1)
ä-ΛºodTvª&Í\&‹¥¯–Í•º;?¡#Ü!FRÈ'"Ò™¦ é–Å›p¹¬î‹5‘fÏýÈŠ1“)\OO|Û÷ì÷{ý:°?éÚža‚<…ALº™R‘HÄ9´»ëõŠE³ÀyÙëIÁLx1Áʹ FÆÀnwàööŽ‡í–¶múžó)9³\¯Ø¬ÖTuEUÕ, ‹kÖFœ3xï'=¡œ˜lt%0–D+Ïl<™8V•­E¼FÁ¬›ŸèiLÿô{–ɤ$ ¦ÿ&Âœ}xö=• Ή&‹BåtP°”Õc¢(«ª3Mc¬^AïQ y¶Ã8phÜÝßswwÇ~w ë{FÅSD‰´åiR2ªà©šn¤À#‡¶åØu„1Ö 7RN àŸhŸÆҏûÝŽïß¾áýû÷GúaP™ªwŽ¦®Y.x_Ñ4 ›³3./.X­–4uC]×Ô)aèÿÖZœÉ2PµoL
]òi5Έ]( 5]N–"4M>e³ÓªÄ–ÏD̦Ÿ²ÚüÚ´y#D¶#Ï›Rd:#Ï©ž©˜•†DŒ†h=)ÙbÕÈþÊ©ÌsJbdŒª1mËî°ça»åþáínGßuÄDÙôr½$@–1Nô"k…$Šâ62Œ#ÇöHÛµ,ªªo&aot 2¡F Gî¶[ÞÞÞr{Oßõ„ dqßp{Qʪªby·äìvÃz½f³Þ°Þl8;Û°\­¨ë† CH†&åZLQSa–²Ùb±8Œèî…䯙 @–›)N wŒQNf‹ºx¢Sdír¦èkb¹X¢ÉšÈ$7SÌzQ$Y§Ä&8Å8‚3†h¬|zºÉïQ4
ÔpÄåԏ|¸»åöþý~OÛµtC_¤#ª¢ È$srÖ¬Å:%‚,žÔÂI1Ç@FùnL«&)8gp1%Ú¡ç~¿ãn·ã8Œ„TÎâL&Ɛ Œò·¾g׶Üï¶ÔUÅj±dsvÎÅÕ%WWלmÎX­Ö¬Œ§^¨ÝÆZœµªÀ)·¡àG&MPf–ßYÁ+àùTŸêbV&1žÍÌ‚)gÆ›³Ö¿Å˜o|6Ucœ4/}BöêŒÅ$CŠ²É™X“™0ˆ˜!Â]Û²?¸{xà݇ìö;ú¡W©Ï”õ†"¾¬\ÛY¬ÕŸ­Á$ƒIQô+Õé më:¤Ù ø2eý/¦HÛ¶Zaû1åËöìãá2=¦‡#Û-ÕÝ«Û\^|àââ’«ËknnnpÎã¬|®©Ü´þº˜CfBdG
…’˜^!°1XŒ³2)ÄÄ’'ÍvöS9[dúlâÊ´2¤Ô“æ^4xݽGŒQýÂ%ãè­`U%ʱU…wˆ‘1Fúq¤íZö‡÷l·;¶ûÛÝŽQQʼùI9SVÀ'.ó,›¯s5Ö¶Êú<tå

¯IÑ•Bdè B7H£M³Óñ©‘”BŒÄ¾c¼OÛŽÛ‡ >ÜÞqwwÇñÐñâÅ ——\^\Rו,5ÄQLí#½Z"ãÄ'&Ù,og²<µ"'UYœtº™Â7'€²é¦&nbsp;~…ã¤8Æ0ƁQáé¨æ—M†HÛuŒã@Ôç Xàºi ±ƒ@¶]×ÑwÇ®åÃÝ-÷w÷ úadÔõ±ìætü!}͏±N忨Öš9‚ƒ5^8Âã½|>Ùæg¶Ó Ê Oñþç7ŸYÏ-]?r<´ì¶{öû#·w·¼zñ’ö‹–‹‹ V«Ö:ú~¤ë;ÚîÈ~¿çp<Š‡2F0ŽÕzSäaŒ#ÎWû·Y©²3±žDóÕqJªDÍ–D9Á Æq E!¾aèÇ‘qF9Y¨´‡Çö DEƒ
ç,uÝLÚ¹*&nbsp;]ÛÑßn÷;Ç}?2&0_Yóèûô›QlÆX«:Ô47nà¼Ç9ÿDßÅ€WaWN®Áà¬Ã9Qî„M΃çÆô·|¤$[^I ÒhC¤ï]?pÿðÀûwïy÷þ¯^¾ââòšºªiÛ–cwd¿ß±Ým9ŽÀ:O³\qÞ¶x_aÃ{
9’±Xg±Îc­ÃùJ «lmí[&³n1½„P³‹ØÄ@ †¡Sˆ´Ý‘öx¤ïníÚ–qå1¡„  Ì\•3ÅM¬#
}/Ä”#$k°•Ph¦ŸðÜîM ³Ãš•Ìˆ3PWõ¢Áוu3ј>s»ùE+ïñ¾Â9Gˆ kÅdùؘ}cÝ©-¯2Ì rðxl9:>¼¿ã‡7?puõ-WÔUCÛvCDZ;r8¶ô}@]7¬×åBõUUá½ k¨ëšÕJ,Žf±¤ò5ÖzÛ²â$²ÒY[^!ª¼WNý]×2‰Èá¸çþþŽý~ Çã0b0„0Ò&39¥8ómDBŒ8çðÞã­xâD
Ä$ñÎ×8—Ôë9©zò|A×ÔQ-P³=FœgsO¥M‚8â«Õ’ÕjE]U8yóÉޝ8ƒDÕ34UÅr±¤©†>•¥}”|dd -˜|~ĬU‡È~¿g··[œu¤ H€F† 
ú~ m{îïï!E¬1‚<:¹nÝ4œ]°9»(„²hTU]ì~cÎyŒžÊ#a†qRô‚°ü¶=ÒvGB9¶ îïgF†a &õsd«E}€âà z)ž¢®£®Ë<ˆ¥@ʌ͌ËbM¶rÖ8P/^f ÖŒI§¢Y­ c-Î9ÙÇFƒnÊæOÖÁ©70 e5MÃj¹¢®jà˜Õçlóã×eb•—çø‡,L¢í:Ú®' ‘È"d#B
Ç02=):0rr¼óìv[Öw¬×眝±ÙlX®–ŠL9‰Îœ““3Æ~dâzÇ ÐñÈáp íŽCOÛµ÷ Úã±DMÇd÷ä­´³à—}'1Bre‰ŒjâÏï—Ïfm?˜édåzè½òžg0 ®‘¿yçY,€«(–Cyú¬"špÒ��^4K.ÎÏØlÖÜow„qüÈfj(!”³ÿ¼+%Nï7kÄç` ekèIæ¨C)& 2Ž}ßÑõ‡Ãžíö»û«ÕŠårI¥ï=Þ{qŽXY°¡“¯qôýÈþ°g·ßsl[9éqT_û¨€Ò‰¶3{Æ<’ê€3SQ•ìâ#Ïv¯Úäóu•ùOXÄôºÅ¹™g¤ˆÑ…“¨•Ô4µ ²Í¢„Œ•@4!
~z"[ ®k®//yysÃý퇽€Y‡à‘xúãd—ëÿø0³ /ض1¤ˆD¼4"H|Š“}+vû#ã(,Û>Üá¬ÇåM÷•8¯OÓÔT• c»‘®ë†‘a¯zÆf{5ò§ŽÀÄ´&VŸ¹— K+ô˜2K6¾–Yö«ˆS+Ÿl²-Ônʽ³ž Êaæ©8ˆŒÞËX ”3“Ù' Áª,WÂ$ 6ù^ª Êv‘‚Jíj*g©£vNâÒÄ%DìL&½Ÿj:ÎVTL–‹†«ë ´}K8ŒÅÉO?B,ËÆÌdT–›smÕY1a4ôDÿ×ÓÆdð&ê —Œ!i`êL‰?Ü2ñ§çµµv

ŸÐ.ŠÛ–“ M‚v6/ýÄX9¡“‰™Êdz¦.ß'ÇÍÄËRáÉx%T €‚ÁyTæ‹ òRTâA•>4’œ±šîð֍Äv¨®¬×:]“§A¡ŒVU{ÎÏ×\]_rèZ‰®ëÅÖ4à3ÎÖ+£æéÊ›È2ß@á@yfù$è:b­?D±yåRšs0‹Ržn’=‰OåjÖУršSÍx²>ærr¶­ÓÍ®ˆ'›oN>3±ÅÌA&.ea]@ÍåD’&nbsp;E£œO1 ÆDŠc!¬„z%£ÀãÞ¼s4uEÝTx'˜‹)Šxšk³ñ|X¸n‚s–ÕrÉõåÃ0†Û‡ º~€$bæDúdãóe£Èì”"!cÏè>1*1”…šÌŸ‚Œ=«WÎMœGš.œ}ò¹Lók<÷žIODR2J@Óücæ(&“ÐÓåhú=D‰!03"PNP1 ¢f†hÎâbJ¢3˜Œ‚Š~c]F ó]ŸWÄŸ@ÌŽzÝ ï*6« ýÅH׏ìÛŽ!!Á!*'È÷0𶜯€²[£Ô®>ˆT‚6³ìˆE›q¶µ*6Š¦m‹~¬ßÆøO¶²˜@s0;å3‘·D_tæ lœÝ”5J&ÍBÅæ‡ }j½§÷”;«(Š§ywš®YÄÔL\™”°VAï,ÞZœ1J#“•ÔE-ìk��ð“]+A 9„º8!­ÅWË¥ØÕ‹º‘Ô„ gF¨uZ¿üÐϯÀ):,³ŠL1w¦(iö™L™kûGÈtQì,iАm“ý±Ç|wds{É>õÜ™ÏOÏ3·ãÄW6{Î|ÒåC%‚Iÿ «ž±ŠGì;+‰  OUyêÚãÕõlR"…$Þz£©bY,Š¼–þhš@6¿ÒlF"MÃzµdƒ"g¢±ÊÆMטádŸX†trz„Õ²iót1g žÆ‘
™¬¤žžôÌ‚áôôÿ¼ñc^Ö<ʪ«A¸²©Î9šª¦©jïÅ,ÔCdÈ袙\ÆÆ©?ÅNy
9¤ÚHta-&¬ƒªv¬× Æ8€1Ž#ÄñT þ¼QàÌÈØ÷O»†Ì!ÿl˜'ò¿SE-Ÿºü¬O7?‹˜eÈI:¹gþÀOóÏz4Áœ,£òÎZj_ÑøŠ¦òxç4š:aÕÜuF¢®¬Óà›œ ‚Š Dɾ1¤ÉèDS ‚2i h?Žô]Ë-Ñ„’)“õÀô¾iS²ÂÇå1(û„rz…[d³JX^Öä%Ó¨™•…h!Y®¦2ÏÉoŸÅ‹-§¼hèO¾~ùxb=;¦ù[çpÎáŒÓÏZo©¼£v²ÙÎZ¼sTN\ûÞ{œšÁ1ªç1F¼ŒiBqa&ÍËf®#6i CåXÔq¨ †!ˆM\öíÇÚì§ÊسËô躦ly~ÍÌŸu€ £pӝb,aî9Qxvœð™Neý”$2ÿϝ”ë>™ÌçŸ}$9%Æap¼1TVÀŸÆyšªfY5’hôÖHR®AŒq

Ÿ¶Âh—À«¢\Q#$a£rŽeSc¢¦]…À ‘Ï$ ýþ0ÝýS²pRØfN¢D À0j}ı9L:Cª6‹‰éÑbR¯b–ãù²º@¢|f5ë§"j®û”Ÿž/ÏÏg"€”Ô÷ÿ©Ï È§¢µ‹wPYCí,÷Ôγ¬–MC]ÕåÚ1Â8„4ð¾P°Aw–ª”§à4ˆ¢öŽÚ׌1| Vj\7Äq$Å‘!†åñßg<"®ÌÝ“FØB®Pðwƒó^H#±Ýgѳä“Ö>åJF3©²ò›MÚÓ÷}G¿„?¶ùùºòl:ÿ(‰¥•uTÎSWžÕ¢aÙ,ðÖ’Bú8Ó­’l|æa~ò\ …E;ù£åÍBuÎ9¼š}tx/JH¬%bG†029Ùøé¡ò|vÚ˱´bïÊ4¦€” òxÓžçDs§Ðô^[Xös¸á玌YL¡dϏ‚PªØ‹AskCåkÍ’¦^à‡$±1œ&µdëÇbf8 '§^#•ŸEñðUM³&YBbÛ]å°½ƒà(¸À¿Ë˜iû3sSÐç¹b—ß›Ï:AÐߏ›ª™mŠ~ü>5™ r‚Û ð5× ~d&ÊöO܏(“/¡ì(Î{šfÁr¹¢©œ±R"&bÅ)êÑÓ•Ÿ|FÌæØ»ÈÆé!³+µª<°0dU,R„®ï%ìØÚ'‹õq¥æçŒBˏNczò®”R‰÷=]SÂQ«ÀÇÇFI2Õ»²e¡>‰Ïõ?:£4‰§ÇpJ2OÁ ˦a³Zs¶ÙHÈ0ƒ ƒúfº·AÉ@žÅÐXølúé›I¼>ë.âcÄW×{qVX‰µ³®"Ù^Ójâj~<ÁOQü3KUB& œIÿ61²OÛ柿iäÍ/9 §

žqòjþø8—Ÿz6á9†ºòl´ðòª!&ºc ÎRy/z…uLJ¦9= é”nýG 8{ôÓÖYCЬPªn£)JÞÑԍ E10Žã‰l{<ÁŸ¾YcŸz–<5½Z6çy,aŽ}̦û˜U”qj§Ës¤h ù13#UC䱆ñ©9=.Å3ÖÌq†Ú×\œ³^­ðÞiB*’ dd!‰Ÿz‚—d}~ˆ²(&i †Òr&Ò”0iäìÈÐ÷ôCO×ËWA´Zµ SåOÜü§"ãñûO¯,ÊÆ›l²åܼÙç "hg÷ÉÁ“ÈÊúPÞ„2¹ñÌ
2Ùq”>Ÿ<½Æd&:ç¨|Íz¹bµ^@ÇÎz*ï©ëŠÚW”&îG†—jV±ñ”FYOñ[Œa(•»†a í:û»Ý–Ýñ(©[Þ‘’lú|áâL•ˆ™G²éÇÇìÁžðà9ëuå]ÖL͚Ȁ‘w^”±H©ÃW,c%k5;Š‡²Ä@Ø|Á9g™0…“P¸Ÿ@'3ÎÑ,6« ËfA ~i*/é÷VêzE ­Éeqža„Ï<€—bLB ¶XöTi@³YC&nbsp;m;Úc+i^»۝”,Ç@H‰Ø À’ï6¯§7Wt²ücæÏÓñØä:uÐÌëMCÃÍõþX)IY—™™~ùç”ã ÑfrBKJ˜J맫Ÿêñë§L\È{/E7–KŒ1’?Øv4U…· !HÀˆwBÖi(ÛÌÉõ¸z<| @4:[=G%¸A3rCû@§p88ì´ÇVʓ防ge&¤N@k­bìÂ!2 òØ$ÊŸ9•½?6&< 5á"¢»ˆÛ5³ƒéH¿{‰œ6ï”9MeßæÃ9KÔì©R")ŠøÌ3Ï@ÌÙÐÂù¹TU¥WĐ8´ ƾ×òz#&E\‚u]K¢‹µ%)Ô$ÑœÖ<¹g*4çB«¥HDöu'¡ž˜ä‡‘¾ïõôK®\ÛµôÃ(1ivŠœãã'ŠW¾ýìçL@/Y\<ŸÏTÝbžD}®("™zvƒb*áCó5×59$ ’žr)V2=ÑŠ Ò|åY.—ÔUÍ0¥D1àcAÂØ+©–+¬f7‰›|LÏˆŸN4ØìU›&óç†a¤í:v‡=ûöHÛuÃÀƒ8ÒàüÜaÍz@ÞÜ)D{â Þû¢_dB˜‹ˆë ójaó÷š"38ôD•|¬å–Ó?Å-æ,@³p§Âa”·%êÆdç¶)ñ‡å™ AÍæ¤ï0¬wÔ•x[«ªbv»Ã0&nbsp;Ö¸-šÞôƒ¤¶Q°­3c?ùGŸK¿Ê“$­§7»N„8JòÄápdhÙ·Gö}G;RàÙ䤢ỗÌO[Tó1ŸÂ¬ífl|þ>yø§›<ÓÓ_b •­gÔ +bEٍ l(‹R6_sû½zÒ†q$¥áYË%>Š_0ÆbMNÑR‘“NÂ’ö¦0²uB8•¯¸¸¸ÀZÃáp¿—püôdÄf´,Œ1†aéúEݐ*yÏdÑj(:?˜Op€Lís{4„(µêŽG­:Õõ=c‰F(ñSÌžÌâ3ëÇQüÖN2sè±÷ð” >.&"&nbsp;]œÒÔfÄ8QùÙ­”ø*à×BaS‘ËÇ·œRº’µ'„‘Íi!tåLª\Z+KÓ4¬×kªªf¿Û•“?OÏ'&¢„1\3Â(–>—3¦(ôù³b¾fwý$ÒN³ƒg Jyúa¤Ž]Ǿ;Òö-]ßя>1O´†ôYDp MN²8Æ('O9BÓÔêlÊâ ?d9déSEkÒM&%ñ
LïFÒºƒ|0Z&¦ ÂiNn”ZL!¶<ŸÙ‘óS+zY+È^³X°Z¯ðαÛíØï÷ŒÃXˆ&›æMhÅ0ú Ŷ0„˜BÈŇ)ó*ÀPÞ+y¹@N}ÊšRˆ‘a8´‡£²ýöÈqè%w.ŠìÀrèØçlø|<ç+†AX¢jÂb-Då±T
+6��ÂYÍÅí#“V·Jé(MÄ{òwIN –!ÄbáMÁœ“ž³"Nç2‹ó=•¿Vbø«ºbµ\q~~†óŽ‡í·wwÄ8Š¥IõI 5R‰,DÆQ6܇ÀàÃ(%áœu9qªAœrÍ¡§Š¸Ÿ¿ fS"âÀ¡ïØ· öǃ²þ–V“'Ã3HÓOaÿŸ3Æq¤m[꺦i4Í‚®ëhÛ¾@ÐÏ ©

[thecrazyneographist]

Hey, it's me again. I hope my request won't be a bother to you. Thank you in advance for any response. In general….I need a neography based on Glagolitic and Runic alphabets (Elder and Younger Futhark). As if it was…invented at the same time as Glagolitic. The Latin alphabet to be used is: A, Ɐ, B, C, Č, D, Ð, E, F, G, I, Ɪ, J, K, L, Ľ, M, N, Ň, O, P, R, Ř, S, Š, T, Þ, U, V, X, Y, Z, Ž. Digraphs, if it is possible to make them separately - AE, GG. And, as a final note (I hope I'm not being too naked, apologies in advance), I'd like to offer something as an example for this neography. "Xeɪll, brodelf. Niordeas, Vetr. Vetre erm komila þo ða Rɪmɐ, Xeɪll, Varɐngej!" I really hope my request is not too big….thank you in advance for any reply and I apologize.

Martwydurren

As asked. Some runes have variants shown below the main form.

The text ^, idk what it means but def. got Slav roots in it innit.

[grootficguy]

Alphabet patch notes:

A B C D E F:

No changes. Perfectly balanced.

G H:

G and H have been bug fixed. Will no longer make F when put together in words such as “cough” and “rough”. (For further G changes, see J patch notes.)

I:

I has been patched and a new letter has been added to the alphabet — Í. I now makes an “ih” sound. For balance, Í will make the sound at the end of “Mississippi”.

J:

Due to its lesser place in the meta, J has been buffed and will now be used in all instances where G would make the same sound.

K:

Removed from the game due to being too similar to C.

L M N O P:

Due to its popularity, we do not wish to touch these letters at this time.

Q:

Increased Q usage by 50% due to being an off-meta fan favourite. Q will be appearing in many more words.

R:

Perfectly balanced. No changes.

S:

Slight nerf and buff. “Sh” will no longer be necessary due to the balance changes of X. As a consolidation buff, ALL plurals will now end with S.

T:

Minor changes. The “TH” combo is very meta at the minute. In order to make H less of a must-pick, this sound will be replaced with the new letter þ.

U:

Minor changes. We hope to see this underpowered letter perform better in the meta this patch.

V W X Y Z:

50% usage buff for all of these fan favourites. We will be monitoring win rates closely to ensure a Goth Letter meta does not arise. X will be used in all instances where “SH” used to be used. Where X would make a “KS” sound, “CS” will now be used instead.

[cmc-linguistics]

Lhonuese (Śønuu)

Finally made anoðer a posteriori conlang! Ðis time, it's not even Indo-European to begin wiþ, but instead Afroasiatic, specifically Semitic! Also, our keyboard doesn't want to work on Tumblr, for some reason. But wiþout furðer ado…

Phonology and Orþographies

Yes, ðere's TWO orþographies ðis time!

/p b t d c ɟ k g q ʔ θ ð s z ɬ ʃ ʒ ʂ ꞎ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ħ ʕ w l j ʎ m n ɲ i iː y yː ɯ ɯː u uː e eː ø øː ɤ ɤː o oː a aː/ <p b t d ḱ ǵ q ' þ ð s z ś š ž ş́ x́ ǧ x ġ ḥ h ȝ w l j ĺ m n ń i ii y yy û ûû u uu e ee ø øø ô ôô o oo a aa> <פ ב תּ דּ כִּ גִּ כּ גּ ק א ת ד שׂ זׂ לּ שׁ זׁ סּ ס כִ גִ כ ג ח חּ ע ו ל י לִ מ נ נִ יִ יִיִ וֻ וֻוֻ וְּ וְּוְּ וּ וּוּ אֵ אֵאֵ אֶ אֶאֶ וְ וְוְ וֹ וֹוֹ אַ אַאַ>

Example Sentence

Ana, Binilu Abu Ȝabdilu, ālik betīš אַנאַ, ביִניִלוּ אַבוּ עאַבדּיִלוּ, אַאַליִךּ באֵתּיִיִשׁ

Ðis means "I, Binil, faðer of Abdil, went home". And yes, for once, ðe house has not just been built.

Pronounciation

/a.na | bi.ni.lu a.bu ʕab.di.lu | aː.lik be.tiːʃ/

Gloss

1S.NOM, Binil faðer.NOM Abdil, walk.ACT.PTCP home-towards

Summary

So, yeah. Despite some technical difficulties on our keyboard's part, ðis post went smooð. Ðe language itself was pretty amazing, to say ðe least. See you soon!

[afrobrujie]

I’m my research around the Norse pagan sphere I’ve learned some things about runes that I didn’t know before. Here are the three main rune types there are are far more.

Elder Futhark - 2nd Century

Rune, UCS, Transliteration, IPA Proto-Germanic name Meaning

f ᚠ f /ɸ/, /f/ *fehu

"cattle; wealth"

u ᚢ u /u(ː)/ ?*ūruz

"aurochs", Wild ox (or *ûram "water/slag"?)

th,þ ᚦ þ /θ/, /ð/ ?*þurisaz

"Thurs" (see Jötunn) or *þunraz ("the god Thunraz")

a ᚨ a /a(ː)/ *ansuz "god"

r ᚱ r /r/ *raidō "ride, journey"

k ᚲ k (c) /k/ ?*kaunan

"ulcer"? (or *kenaz "torch"?)

g ᚷ g /ɡ/ *gebō "gift"

w ᚹ w /w/ *wunjō "joy"

h h ᚺ ᚻ h /h/ *hagalaz "hail" (the precipitation)

n ᚾ n /n/ *naudiz "need"

i ᛁ i /i(ː)/ *īsaz "ice"

j ᛃ j /j/ *jēra- "year, good year, harvest"

ï,ei ᛇ ï (æ) /æː/[9] *ī(h)waz "yew-tree"

p ᛈ p /p/ ?*perþ-

meaning unknown; possibly "pear-tree".

z ᛉ z /z/ ?*algiz "elk" (or "protection, defence"[10])

s s ᛊ ᛋ s /s/ *sōwilō "sun"

t ᛏ t /t/ *tīwaz "the god Tiwaz"

b ᛒ b /b/ *berkanan "birch"

e ᛖ e /e(ː)/ *ehwaz "horse"

m ᛗ m /m/ *mannaz "man"

l ᛚ l /l/ *laguz

"water, lake" (or possibly *laukaz "leek")

ŋ ŋ ᛜ ŋ /ŋ/ *ingwaz "the god Ingwaz"

d ᛞ d /d/ *dagaz "day"

o ᛟ o /o(ː)/ *ōþila-/*ōþala-

"heritage, estate, possession"

Anglo-Saxon runes

Unicode, Name, Name meaning, Transliteration IPA

ᚠ feh (feoh) wealth, cattle f /f/, [v] (word-medial allophone of /f/)

ᚢ ur (ūr) aurochs u /u(ː)/

ᚦ ðorn (þorn) thorn þ /θ/, [ð] (word-medial allophone of /θ/)

ᚩ os (ōs) heathen god (mouth in rune poem?) o /o(ː)/])

ᚱ rada (rād) riding r /r/

ᚳ cen (cēn) torch c /k/, /kʲ/, /tʃ/

ᚷ geofu (gyfu) gift g /ɡ/, [ɣ] (word-medial allophone of /ɡ/), /j/

ᚹ wyn (wynn) mirth w /w/

ᚻ hægil (hægl) hail h /h/, [x], [ç]

�� næd (nēod) plight n /n/

ᛁ is (īs) ice i /i(ː)/

ᛡ/ᛄ gær (gēar) year j /j/

ᛇ ih (īw) yew tree ï /i(ː)/ [x], [ç]

ᛈ peord (peorð) (unknown) p /p/

ᛉ ilcs (eolh?) (unknown, perhaps a derivative of elk) x (otiose as a sound but still used to transliterate the Latin letter 'X' into runes)

ᛋ/ᚴ sygil (sigel) sun (sail in rune poem?)

s /s/, [z] (word-medial allophone of /s/)

ᛏ ti (Tīw) (unknown, originally god, Planet Mars in rune poem?) t /t/

ᛒ berc (beorc) birch tree b /b/

ᛖ eh (eh) steed e /e(ː)/

ᛗ mon (mann) man m /m/

ᛚ lagu (lagu) body of water (lake) l /l/

ᛝ ing (ing) Ing (Ingui-Frea?) ŋ /ŋg/, /ŋ/

ᛟ oedil (ēðel) inherited land, native country œ /ø(ː)/

ᛞ dæg (dæg) day d /d/

ᚪ ac (āc) oak tree a /ɑ(ː)/

ᚫ æsc (æsc) ash tree æ /æ(ː)/

ᛠ ear (ēar) (unknown, perhaps earth[16]) ea /æ(ː)ɑ/

ᚣ yr (ȳr) (unknown, perhaps bow[18]) y /y(ː)/

Youger Futhark - 8th~12th Century

The names of the 16 runes of the Younger futhark are recorded in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems. The names are:

ᚠ fé ("wealth")

ᚢ úr ("iron"/"rain")

ᚦ Thurs ("thurs", a type of entity, see jötunn)

ᚬ As/Oss ("(a) god")

ᚱ reið ("ride")

ᚴ kaun ("ulcer")

ᚼ hagall ("hail")

ᚾ/ᚿ nauðr ("need")

ᛁ ísa/íss ("ice")

ᛅ/ᛆ ár ("plenty")

ᛋ/ᛌ sól ("Sun", personified as a deity—see Sól (Germanic mythology))

ᛏ/ᛐ Týr ("Týr, a deity")

ᛒ björk/bjarkan/bjarken ("birch")

ᛘ maðr ("man, human")

ᛚ lögr ("sea")

ᛦ yr ("yew")

From comparison with Anglo-Saxon and Gothic letter names, most of these names directly continue the names of the Elder Futhark runes. The exceptions to this are:

• yr which continues the name of the unrelated Eihwaz rune;

• thurs and kaun, in which cases the Old Norse, Anglo-Saxon and Gothic traditions diverge.

Min Kilder (My Sources):

Elder Futhark|https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark

Anglo-Saxon Runes|https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes

Younger Futhark|https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Futhark

[chutoele]

introducing søłsiþe

søłsiþe (new conlang): /sɔɬsiθɛ/ also means sunflower

/a/ a

/b/ b

/t͡s/ c

/d/ d, /ð̠˕ˠ/ syllable finally

/ɛ/ e

/x/ x

/i/ i

/j/ j

/k/ k, /g/ syllable finally

/l/ l

/ɬ/ ł

/m/ m

/ɱd/ md

/ɱk/ mk

/n/ n

/ŋd/ nd

/ŋk/ nk

/o/ o

/p/ p, /b/ syllable finally

/ʁ/ r

/s/ s

/t/ t, /ð̠˕ˠ/ syllable finally

/u/ u

/w/ w, /v/ syllable finally

/y/ y

/d͡z/ z

/θ/ þ

/ɔ/ å

/ø/ ø

/ɤ/ ö

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C)(C)

[loquaciousnesssesquipedalian]

The Enochian Language, a Medieval European “angelic” (read, fae) constructed language created by two very successful con artists, is mostly based on glossolalia with some snippets of English, Romanian, and Ecclesiastic Latin (the latter implying that its “U” and “I” are like they are in Ecclesiastic and Archaic Latin, so like in Romanian), which makes no sense given its supposed prehistoric origin. To summarize, here, in given order, are the letters, the script of which is right-to-left like in abjads and some variants of Runic scripts:

B/b

C/c: Like in English (makes no sense in context of its supposed origin)

G/g: Roughly the voiced equivalent of C above (ditto)

D/d

F/f

A/a: Like an “ah”, as in the Elizabethan English (among other languages) A/a, not quite like the modern version

E/e: Like an “eh”, as in the Elizabethan (among other languages) E/e, not quite  like the modern version

M/m

I/i: Like the Romanian I/i, so it can be a vowel or a consonant (like in Iad, meaning “devil” and identical to the Romanian word for “hell”, for the latter while also equivalent to its linguistic origin, “Hades”)

Y/y or J/j: Syllable-final semivowel equivalent of I/i, differentiated from I/i with a dot

H/h: Like in Elizabethan English, the exact use varies but it sounds like “h” by itself initially

L/l

P/p

Q/q: Like “qu-” in English

N/n

X/x: Like in English

O/o: Like in Elizabethan English, not quite like the modern version

R/r

Z/z

U/u or V/v: Like in Archaic Latin, so like U/u in Romanian and Ecclesiastic Latin, u-equivalent to I/i above

S/s

T/t

Everything not given further details sounds like one would expect, and some English-derived consonant-digraphs are present, such as ‘ph’ (sounds identical to F/f), ‘th’, ‘sh’, and ‘ch’ (the sound varies, but it often sounds identical to the hard sound of C/c, presumably especially before E/e and I/i)

“True Enochian” could be applied to either a sci-fi or fantasy setting, and with what I know about ancient languages and some ancient non-semanto-phonetic scripts, I have some ideas, which will be listed below in a Semitic-derived order in the form of an abjad:

“E” - [null] or `/’: The null consonant, occurs either initially where a word begins with a vowel or to indicate a lengthened A/a or E/e, may indicate a glottal stop instead medially

“B“ - B/b or V/v: Voiced bilabial, hard in general but can be soft in some interpretations

“G“ - G/g or Ȝ/ȝ: Voiced velar, equivalent as such to the “B“ base but the soft version may have a “(d)zh“ sound instead

“D“ - D/d or Ð/ð: Voiced dental, ditto

“A“ - H/h or `/’: Glottal, H/h if soft or `/’ if hard, may also come after some vowels to indicate increased length of E/e in the manner of [null]

“U“ - V/v or W/w: Voiced labial, can be either the consonant equivalent to U/u or like the soft interpretation of “B“, sed to indicate a lengthened U/u or O/o

“Z“ - Z/z: Either like what one would expect it to sound or like some sort of ‘tz‘ sound

“H“ - H/h, Ħ/ħ, or X/x: Like some sort of h-sound, the exact interpretation may vary

“I/Y/J“ - J/j: Consonant equivalent to I/i, may be ised to indicate a lengthened I/i or E/e

“C“ - K/k or X/x: Voiceless velar, voiceless equivalent to “G” above 

“L” - L/l: Pretty much as expected

“M“ - M/m: Ditto

“N“ - N/n: Ditto

“X“ - S/s: Like “ss“, possibly voiced in some cases

“O“ - `/’, Q/q, or Ɛ/ɛ: Like a glottal or pharyngeal stop, possibly could indicate a lengthened E/e or O/o

“P“ - P/p or F/f: Voiceless bilabial

“Q“ - Q/q: Could be either like a throaty hard velar sound or a pharyngeal stop

“R“ - R/r: Could be either rolled or not

“S“ - Ş/ş: Like what one would expect “sh“ to sound, could be voiced in some cases

“T“ - T/t or Þ/þ: Voiceless dental

The only one of the original 22 not accounted here is the one just before J/j. Also, this is only taking Canaanite/Hebrew languages into consideration as equivalents. Either way, consonant differentiation could be indicated by some sort of diacritic, as would each vowel and possibly a lack thereof.

For the null base, the idea is that certain other bases would just be that one with diacritics, such as J (palatalization, as in -j), S (-s or s-), Ş (ş- or -ş) V/W (labialization, as in -v/w), the pseudo-A (aspiration, glottalization, doubling, or hardening), the pseudo-O (pharyngealization, glottalization, or doubling), R (retroflex), or N (nasal). That would make sense if one considers that the Dee/Kelly font does not have to be the original and would be highly unlikely to be anything but a fancy version. This could make the null consonant the one many others are built upon, and of course the palatalization diacritic would be the easiest to get from that font given the similarity to the presented versions of the bases.

If I was to apply that to the Verden Chronicles, it would represent a Verden-born human language without close Terran languages but instead based on preexisting extraterrestrial ones, and I could expand that into a language family at least in the lore. Also, there would be an Enochian civilization that uses/used said language and similar ones.

The SCP Foundation website mentions “High Enochian”, evidently supposed to be the original that John Dee and Edward Kelly screwed up for their own gain. In-universe, Dee was one of the Order of the Night (a real life organization given an SCP spin here), a group of alchemists who found a way to contact Alagadda, an inter-universal city-state ruled by malevolent gods but not inherently hostile itself. The implication here is that Hich Enochian is one of if not the only official language of Alagadda, despite what the Horizon Initiative (an in-universe Abrahamic-themed Foundation knockoff) seems to think judging by another anomaly (it makes sense in context, but it’s a sapient, talking whale made into a ship/theater through unholy, possibly Sarkic, magick, not that it seems to mind).

From a Foundationverse perspective, High Enochian, as a language native to a place that makes little to no sense given the physical laws of baseline reality at least from a spatial, gravitational, and perceptional point of view, would actually be not only stranger but literally unpronounceable to baseline humans to at least some extent. If unrelated to Alagadda in origin, it would instead be the language of a prehistoric Enochian civilization only vaguely alluded to in other articles (the closest thing to a consistent canon given they represent events set in different parts of the multiverse), and it would be pronounceable but likely following a different logic from what I described in detail. I prefer the Alagadda idea myself, partly because I like the idea of the Horizon Initiative to be too willfully ignorant to accept that the language itself is not even remotely what they think it is, and that would be played for nightmare fuel somehow, like a linguist ending up being only capable of sounds no creature on Earth should be able to make as a result of trying to sound it out over an extended period of time and eventually coughing up blood. Maybe it could be both at once, as in High Enochian being of Alagaddan origin but being derived from an earlier human language, but that would be unlikely.

Coincidentally, there is an “Enochian” species (apparent angel-equivalents of the evil god Dagon) in Ben 10: Alien Force, and that setting’s equivalent “True Enochian” would most likely be their language if not some other nonhuman language. The trouble is that said setting does next to nothing to expand on the concept, but that is most likely to avoid overdoing it on the worldbuilding, not that it’s perfect or anything, of course.

[dfwbwfbbwfbwf]

I wonder what the probability of a language with only voiceless consonants (and n and m, I guess) developing is.

That would mean only t, p, c/k, s, f, and þ exist. And n and m. 🤔

I need a linguist. (This almost autocorrected into "I need a linguini", and I do need that as well.)

[rainbowgod666]

M a g n i f i c e n þ

For those that are going to miss the eclipse on Monday, I have created a simulation of what the eclipse will look like along the path of totality

[codemagister]

if you don’t want fifteen can I have him—

¦l9ÂÁ÷ù3g=eSiå>–-³Çõ€ RDÙ\gXŽÓæ¥>À$ S”¯¤½–AÛ§‘ðÎ>ðóªîO¹ãšÃqþS¥Bq¦i˜¦r¾V*ã˜)ò¼N„wʲ©}Ñm¢í)+Þkg¾éà¾ÓfYh d¬¯9eOƒµàÆm“æ=•K漯RFÜ.Uòýr¾ãÉ÷;]>¼üC˜àv¹(ï„°pnÐê˜6?áì¾ Õ<—ÆIã8 rFÙB5GZ¡žïΘΣ´Ùý¶Ô½òývB›c
hÞñ&¨gyóHàõ@ÒJh›V elq¬¢Žõ°Âè.‹´YGÙ¯”ÐÖ|萹÷!IPa…i!gž2ß2
°BÚ¯v!¿i%\µH`ѧ^ qŽÍþSN[¤ma©o,û>õÝÏh¼/øÞ3÷âlŒ£ vŸ Öc³M½¾®¢õ+ë"úJž}¦ÿö¸bÙ7-uú}=}æ\ kct­E´—óú÷ß{¬Á›Oã¶w” |ˆ´pŒ‚¹ ô̱WÕº€Ÿý±¶1s¸sçÏ>î;e0
:n[®l %ØóÚ,Óf´gúX¢ ØŒ“Ïðë™íÃ|µ,W šø§¯òÿ),l*£ãÿÑZ€víyDàγóâùípÞfå³í„inç<9WS²ÚÛ4;–õÞ–)öóš láƒhB[0ó+LØöA4?UÞÙ„6y¤ý Z‹² X

[mvtj-aegir]

Consonants

Plosives

d k

/d/ and /k/ are there IPA equivalents

Fricatives

f v þ ð s z c j x g h

/þ/ and /ð/ are dental fricatives.

/c/ and /j/ are palatal fricatives.

/x/ and /g/ are velar fricatives.

Nasals

m n ɲ ŋ

/ɲ/ is the labial nasal.

/ŋ/ is the velar nasal.

Approximates

ƿ r y w

/ƿ/ is the bilabial approximate.

/r/ is the alveolar approximate.

/y/ is the palatal approximate.

/w/ is the velar approximate not the labio-velar coarticulate.

Laterals

l λ

/λ/ is the palatal lateral.

All other consonants are pronounced as in English.

Back to Master-post

[afactaday]

#aFactADay2022

#588 (DLXXXVIII): rome wasnt built in a day, and nor was their number system. wait, rome was built in a day??? according to some legend or something, it happened on April 21st 751BC. no wait 753. long story short: no one knows or cares. but the famous numeral system we know and love today has been around for a lot longer. it spawned from the Etruscan numerals, which was a very similar system with 𐌠, 𐌡, 𐌢, 𐌣, 𐌟, ~~Þ~~, ⊗/⊕ for 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000. i have no idea what the 100 looks like cos it wont render. you can see where the romans altered these figures to be more similar to letters of the alphabet: 𐌠 -> I; 𐌡 -> V; 𐌢 -> X; 𐌣 -> ↆ -> ⊥ -> L; ⊕ -> ↀ -> ∞ -> ⋈ -> M. M and C also come from latin mille and centum meaning exactly what they mean.

according to some random guy from the internet (who wrote this paper long before the internet was big but ill ignore that), V is half an X, which kinda makes sense, and L is half a C, which i fail to see. you remember the ⊕? (ofc you do it was like 30 seconds ago) this symbol was also associated with the greek letter Φ, who, when sliced in half, kinda looks like a D. it seems logical but is it righter or wronger than the etruscan origins for 5, 50 and 500?

little cross-over fact for ya cos theres just so many facts: you remember the apostrophus from yesterday? 1000 would be written like CIↃ and half of this looks like a D! this also got converted into ↀ, just like ⊕, which when halved gives 500!! they really thought about this :P

i just love it when everything clicks neatly

and the system still evolves to this day! (by this day i mean the middle ages)