#Best Laboratory Funnel Manufacturer

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

By: Julia Steinberg

Published: Jul 27, 2023

“California is America, only sooner” was an optimistic phrase once used to describe my home state. The Golden State promised a spirit of freedom, innovation, and experimentation that would spread across the nation. And at the heart of the state’s flourishing was a four-letter word: math.

Math made California prosper.

It’s most obvious in top universities like Stanford, Caltech, Berkeley, and UCLA. Those schools funneled great minds into California STEM enterprises like Silicon Valley, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and aeronautical engineering. Both the Central Valley and Hollywood—America’s main providers of food and fodder, respectively—rely upon engineering to mechanize production and optimize output. 

All of this has made California’s GDP $3.6 trillion—making it the fifth largest economy in the world as of last year.

But now “California is America, only sooner” is a warning, and not just because of the exodus of people and jobs and the decay of our major cities, but because of the state’s abandonment of math—which is to say its abandonment of excellence and, in a way, reality itself. 

Perhaps you’ve read the headlines about kooky San Francisco discarding algebra in the name of anti-racism. Now imagine that worldview adopted by the entire state.

On July 12, that’s what happened when California’s Board of Education, composed of eleven teachers, bureaucrats, professors—and a student—decided to approve the California Mathematics Framework. 

Technically, the CMF is just a series of recommendations. As a practical matter, it’s the new reality. School districts and textbook manufacturers are already adapting to the new standards.

Here are some of them:

Most students won’t learn algebra until high school. In the past, when that was expected of middle schoolers, the CMF tells us, “success for many students was undermined.” 

This means calculus will mostly be verboten, because students can’t take calculus “unless they have taken a high school algebra course or Mathematics I in middle school.”

“Detracking” (ending advanced courses) will be the law of the land until high school; students will be urged to “take the same rich mathematics courses in kindergarten through eighth grade.”

Lessons will foreground “equity” at the expense of teaching math basics like addition and subtraction. “Under the framework, the range of student backgrounds, learning differences, and perspectives, taken collectively, are seen as an instructional asset that can be used to launch and support all students in a deep and shared exploration of the same context and open task,” the CMF continues. It adds that “learning is not just a matter of gaining new knowledge—it is also about growth and identity development.”

Letter grades will be discouraged in favor of “standards-based assessments.” (It’s unclear what those are.) 

Never mind that before California lowered its standards, the United States already ranked far behind the best-performing countries in math—places like Singapore, China, Estonia, and Slovenia. All those countries teach high school students calculus and, in some cases, more advanced linear algebra. (If we’re really in the midst of a cold war with China, we sure aren’t acting like it.)

The California Board of Education thinks the CMF is exactly what’s needed. That’s because the board has a fundamentally different approach to education—and it’s important that all Californians, indeed, all Americans, understand that. 

The board’s overriding concern is not education or mathematical excellence, but minimizing racial inequity. Since a disproportionate number of white and Asian kids perform at the high end of the mathematics spectrum, and a disproportionate number of black and Latino children are at the bottom end, the board was left with two options: pull the bottom performers up, or push the top performers down. They did the easier thing.

In case anyone is wondering whether this works, whether it actually achieves greater racial equity, we need only look to San Francisco, which adopted CMF proposals like detracking before the CMF formally did. 

“I want to be very clear on one fact that is based in our data: our current approach to math in SFUSD is not working,” San Francisco Unified School District Superintendent Matt Wayne said. “That is a tragedy, because we want to do right by our students. And we’re not meeting our goals around math. And particularly our students, especially black and brown students, are not benefiting from the current way we do math in the district.”

I emailed Jo Boaler, a Stanford education professor, one of the CMF’s authors, and a co-founder of youcubed, a center at Stanford that has pioneered ideas about equity and math education that figure prominently in the plan. I wanted to know what I was missing. What Matt Wayne was missing. 

Boaler replied that she didn’t have much to say about the CMF and that she was a “small cog in the system that produced the framework.”

When I pressed her to see if she could offer any thoughts about the ideas behind the CMF—ideas she’s well versed in—she suggested I speak with “lead writer” Brian Lindaman, a math education professor at Chico State. Lindaman did not reply to my email.

Eventually, I did manage to speak with Kyndall Brown, the executive director of UCLA’s California Mathematics Project, which is charged with implementing the CMF.

I started by saying the CMF is clearly focused on racial inequity—noting, for example, that Chapter 2 is all about equity and that it’s shot through with mentions of racial “disparities” and “gaps” when it comes to “student outcomes.”

Brown, who, like other CMF supporters, believes those disparities are largely, if not entirely, the fault of racially or culturally insensitive teaching methods, replied simply: “Do you know how racist that sounds?”

When I asked him what, exactly, was racist about that, he replied: “What mathematicians of color did you learn about as a student? What female mathematicians did you learn about?” (He appeared to be alluding to medieval Arab contributions to the fields of algebra and number theory—which are fascinating and important when studying the history of ideas, but not obviously germane when teaching ninth graders about quadratic equations.)

The thing is, the CMF will exacerbate racial inequities. I went to a private school in Los Angeles filled with white and Asian students, and I know exactly how those kids—and definitely their parents—would react if they were told they could no longer take advanced math. They would enroll in rigorous programs outside school, like the Russian School of Mathematics, that would push them way beyond wherever their peers are. By the time college applications came along, the racial gap would be more like a yawning chasm.

I turned to Alan Schoenfeld, a Berkeley education professor who advised members of the Board of Education on the CMF, to see what he thought about this, and he said the same thing opponents of affirmative action have—that lower-performing students might perform better and develop greater confidence if they’re in a less rigorous environment. “Now some of them are going to turn out to enjoy mathematics, and they’re going to pursue mathematical careers,” Schoenfeld told me.

Ian Rowe, a CMF critic best known for founding several independent schools in the Bronx, said of the plan’s supporters: “They’ve embraced this ideology of oppressor-oppressed framework, where it’s assumed that black kids are these marginalized, oppressed human beings, and white kids are somehow the privileged oppressors. You see this all across the country, where expectations are being lowered in the name of equity by teachers and principals to somehow level the playing field.”

Let’s be clear: the CMF is racism pretending to be progressive, and all the fancy ed speak—about “frameworks” and “detracking” and “identity development”—can’t obscure as much. Indeed, the ideological gap is basically nonexistent between CMF supporters and reactionaries who once thought black and Latino kids were cognitively or culturally incapable of advanced mathematics. 

We should be blaring this from the rooftops and on our social media feeds, over and over—lest we lose the California Dream, a.k.a. the American Dream, which once made this place so special.

==

Kids can't fail math if you don't teach it to them.

"Luxury beliefs are ideas and opinions that confer status on the upper class, while often inflicting costs on the lower classes." -- Rob Henderson

[labsoulindia]

Labsoul : The Best Laboratory Equipments Manufacturers in India 

Labsoul is a leading manufacturer and exporter of laboratory equipments in India. With a strong focus on quality and precision, Labsoul provides a comprehensive range of scientific instruments designed to meet the diverse requirements of laboratories across various sectors. From basic laboratory essentials to advanced analytical tools, Labsoul offers a range of reliable and robust equipment to help laboratories excel in their fields.

Product Range

General Laboratory Equipment

Labsoul offers a wide range of general laboratory equipment designed to meet the everyday needs of laboratories. This includes but is not limited to:

- Glassware: High-quality beakers, flasks, funnels, and measuring cylinders.

- Plasticware: Graduated cylinders, Petri dishes, and disposable gloves.

- Labware: Beakers, flasks, funnels, and measuring cylinders.

- Lab Instruments: Centrifuges, microscopes, balances, and stirring apparatus.

- Lab Furniture: Storage Cabinets, Workbenches, and Lab Hoods.

Analytical Equipment

Labsoul specializes in providing analytical equipment that is essential for various analytical applications. This includes but is not limited to:

- Spectroscopy: Spectrophotometers, Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (AAS), and Flame Photometers.

- Chromatography: Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) systems.

- Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): For elemental analysis.

- Spectrophotometers: For measuring and analyzing light absorption.

Environmental Monitoring Equipment

Labsoul offers a comprehensive range of environmental monitoring equipment suitable for laboratories conducting environmental studies. This includes but is not limited to:

- Air Monitoring Equipment: Gas Analyzers, Dust Monitors, and Noise Measurement Devices.

- Water Analysis: pH meters, Conductivity Meters, and Spectrophotometers.

- Wastewater Treatment: Filter Presses, Clarifiers, and Bioreactors.

- Waste Treatment: Incinerators and Shredders.

Quality Assurance

Labsoul is committed to delivering high-quality products and maintaining the highest standards of quality control. The manufacturing facilities are ISO 9001:2015 certified, ensuring compliance with international quality standards. Labsoul also conducts rigorous testing procedures to ensure optimal performance and reliability of its equipment.

International Presence

Labsoul has a global presence, with distributors and partners in various countries. This enables Labsoul to serve customers worldwide, ensuring seamless procurement and support for laboratory equipment.

Conclusion

Labsoul has established itself as a trusted manufacturer and exporter of laboratory equipments in India. With its extensive range of products, commitment to quality, and international presence, Labsoul is the ideal partner for laboratories looking to acquire reliable and efficient scientific instruments.

Visit us: https://www.pharmacyequipments.com/best-laboratory-equipments-manufacturers-in-india/

[biolabequipment]

School Science Lab Equipment Suppliers In India

Schools aim to be the best platform for students to explore the world of science. The well-equipped science laboratories with equipment from top School science Lab Equipment suppliers in India allows students to engage in experiments and hands-on activities. 

School Laboratory Equipment tools and instruments provide students with immersive experiences that bring scientific concepts to life. By encouraging critical thinking, problem-solving, and experimentation, schools empower students to ask questions, explore possibilities, and develop a solid foundation in scientific knowledge. By nurturing their curiosity and providing a supportive learning environment, schools aim to instill in students a sense of wonder, enabling them to explore, understand, and contribute to the ever-evolving world of science.

Importance Of School Laboratory Equipment Tools and Instruments

School labs equipped with top School Laboratory Equipment tools and instruments

are an excellent platform where young minds can experience science in a whole new way: 

Enhances hands-on Learning experience. 

Lays the foundation for a better understanding of theoretical concepts 

School science lab equipment enables students to proceed with their knowledge and apply it to real-world scenarios. It encourages them to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

School Laboratory Equipment, tools, and instruments stimulate curiosity, inquiry, and a sense of wonder in students. It allows students to explore, question, and investigate scientific phenomena. 

Top Science Lab Equipment suppliers in India focus on bringing brilliant young minds together. When students work in labs, they share ideas and work together towards a common goal. It leads to better teamwork, effective communication, and improved interpersonal skills as students discuss their findings, present their results, and engage in scientific discourse.

Overall, school labs equipped with top quality School Laboratory Equipment, tools, and instruments provide a dynamic and interactive learning environment where students can apply knowledge, develop practical skills, collaborate with peers, and deeply appreciate the scientific world. 

Atico Export is a top School Science Lab Equipment Manufacturer and Science Lab Equipment supplier in India. Their team is focused on bringing a variety of school science lab equipment that bears the following features:

Superb Durability 

Safe-to use

Accurate Calibration

Designed with user-friendliness in mind

Provide accurate readings, measurements, and many more features that make them the ideal school laboratory equipment tools and instruments. 

Check The School Science Lab Equipment List

Here is the School Science Lab Equipment list provided by Atico Export, India's leading Science Lab Equipment supplier: 

Measurement and Observation:

Graduated Cylinders

Thermometers

Balances and Scales

Stopwatches and Timers

Multimeters

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Safety Goggles

Lab Coats

Gloves

Aprons

Containers and Vessels:

Beakers

Test Tubes

Petri Dishes

Erlenmeyer Flasks

Pipettes

Burettes

Heat Sources and Flame Tools:

Bunsen Burners

Tripods and Wire Gauze

Crucibles

Crucible Tongs

Heat-resistant Mats

Magnification and Observation:

Microscopes (Compound and Stereoscopic)

Magnifying Glasses

Slide Coverslips

Cutting and Dissection Tools:

Scalpels

Dissection Scissors

Forceps

Needle Holders

Probe and Seeker Tools

Electrical Equipment:

Circuit Boards

Power Supplies

Wires and Connectors

Resistors and Capacitors

Models and Visual Aids:

Anatomical Models

Molecular Models

Periodic Table Charts

Human Skeleton Models

Plant and Animal Cell Models

Chemicals and Reagents:

Acids and Bases

Indicators

Solutions and Solvents

Buffers and Reagent Kits

Miscellaneous:

Funnel

Stirrers and Spatulas

Filter Paper

Tongs and Clamps

Wash Bottles

Looking For School Laboratory Equipment Tools and Instruments?

The school science lab equipment list by top Science Lab Equipment suppliers in India is customizable. It can vary based on the educational institution, curriculum, and scientific disciplines being taught. This list comprehensively overviews commonly used equipment in school science labs. More equipment that makes it to the School Science Lab Equipment list is supplied. For detailed information, contact the top school Science Lab Equipment suppliers, none other than Atico Export is best. 

You can connect with our supplier division by sending an email to [email their dedicated customer service team. They are known for promptly responding to all inquiries, orders, or other supplier-related matters.

Contact their supplier division directly at +1-XXX-XXX-XXXX for immediate assistance or inquiries. Their knowledgeable team will be ready to assist you and address any concerns.

Connect Today With School Science Lab Equipment Suppliers

India's top Science Lab Equipment suppliers are committed to excellent customer service. With their exceptional services, they aim to build strong and mutually beneficial relationships with their existing and prospective clients worldwide. Regardless of your chosen communication channel, these suppliers are dedicated to providing prompt and reliable support to address your needs and ensure a productive partnership.

They supply school laboratory equipment, tools, and instruments that comply with relevant safety and quality standards. They only supply equipment with certifications such as ISO, CE, or UL, indicating that it has undergone testing and meets established standards. Compliance with standards ensures that the equipment has been manufactured and tested to specific criteria by the School science lab equipment manufacturers.

The top Science Lab Equipment suppliers in India prioritize and pay attention to these three things: ease of use, accuracy, and reliability. With the focus on these three features, clients worldwide can be 100% sure to have school laboratory equipment, tools, and instruments that will be valuable in all aspects. 

[viscilbs]

Top Laboratory Glassware Manufacturer In India - Viscilabs

Perhaps of the best provider, exporters, and makers of research facility crystal in India is Viscilabs. The Haryana-based business sells dish sets for use in research facilities. They manufacture a variety of laboratory equipment, such as beakers, conical flasks, burettes, separatory funnels, condensers, dropping bottles, watch glasses, pipettes, and funnels. All of their goods are constructed using premium components and have warranties. Moreover, they offer hand craft and assembling administrations, permitting you to buy the crystal your lab requires. Contact Viscilabs, Laboratory Glassware Manufacturer In India.

[medilab123]

Working With Laboratory Glassware – Everything You Need to Know

All over the globe, glass is used to make laboratory equipment. Because glass is more durable than plastic, and because of its physical properties, it is ideal for chemical containment. We have provided everything you need to know about laboratory glassware manufacturers.

The Uses of Laboratory Glassware

Because of its cost-effectiveness, durability, and customizability glassware is a popular item in laboratories. These properties allow manufacturers to create many laboratory apparatuses out of glass, such as volumetric flasks and test tubes, pipettes, stirring sticks, stir rods, and lab funnels.

The Properties of Glass

Glass's beneficial qualities include transparency which is useful for experiments that require physical changes to be observed. It can also be used to clean and store reagents effectively.

The best part is that most laboratory experiments can be done in glass apparatus. Because glass's physical properties allow it to hold harmful chemicals such as acids, solvents, and saline solutions that many plastics can't withstand,

While very few substances can cause damage to laboratory glasses, high temperatures and strong alkalis can all lead to the destruction of this equipment

Types of Laboratory Glassware

There are many types of laboratory glassware manufacturers available, each with its own specific properties and suitability to certain experiments. Borosilicate glass, for example, has excellent mechanical stability and thermal shock capability and can withstand many chemicals and temperatures.

However, soda-lime glass is suitable for short exposures to chemicals and heat stress. Soda-lime glass products often include culture tubes and pipettes. Pyrex glass is well-known for its heat resistance and quartz glass is well-known for its purity and high visibility.

Working with Laboratory Glassware

Take care when using lab glassware to make sure it isn't damaged or broken.

Glass can melt if it is exposed to extreme heat. Glass can melt if exposed to extreme cold.

Tempered laboratory glass is therefore a better choice. Staff and students need to be familiar with the properties of laboratory glasses in order to know what they can withstand and what they cannot. This knowledge will help reduce the chance of glassware injury and damage.

Cleanliness

To avoid cross-contamination in experiments, it is important to clean laboratory glassware manufacturers in India. It is common to believe that laboratory glassware should be washed with boiling water. However, cold water is better to get rid of any protein residue.

A disinfectant solution can be used to remove any chemical or biological residue from the glassware. However, a bristle toothbrush can remove any particles. To remove any detergent remaining, use an ultrasonic bath to rinse the glassware. Then drain the glassware on a rack, and dry it in a hot oven or sterile environment.

Summary

It is important to consider the material's limitations, properties, and resistance when purchasing laboratory equipment. Although laboratory glassware is stronger than most plastics, it can be more susceptible to chemicals and can withstand extreme temperatures or pressure. Before you invest in equipment, make sure to evaluate the intended use of the apparatus.

[lexbax]

Best Laboratory Funnel Manufacturer in India

The Laboratory funnels are manufactured from the finest quality of material and can be used as per the requirements of the industry. The Laboratory funnels are also designed in such a manner that they can be easily cleaned, which makes them highly suitable for use in a wide range of industries.

[denverwirelessvideosecurity-blog]

Security Wireless System

Out of the blue, this side of the business looks significantly progressively like the PC showcase (PC, in the event that you were pondering) during the 1980s. At the point when the period of graphical processing started vigorously, the real players around then (e.g., Microsoft, Apple, IBM, Commodore) attempted to use the clout they had developed to that point among shoppers, to enable them to make the change far from 8-bit order lines and into graphical situations. A portion of those key players attempted to use something other than their market positions; they looked to apply innovative points of interest also - in one entirely striking occurrence, regardless of whether it implied thinking up that advantage falsely.

 With the early remote system virtualization showcase, merchants there are now presenting their defense that their mastery in virtualizing one segment might be utilized for virtualizing the others. It's a sort of fellowship that was known in the PC programming business sector of old as packaging.

 "From the framework side, the initial step is convey and scale the NFV foundation - which implies, you need to have a framework for exceedingly appropriated outstanding burdens, beginning from the system side - regardless of whether it's Evolved Packet Core or VRAN - and after that the capacity to get ready for system cutting that is key for big business administrations," clarified Ericsson's Koratala. "The subsequent stage is to advance that organization and execute that arrange cutting, with the goal that you're ready to abuse the adaptability and the versatility of the system to satisfy quick changing client need. At that point you're moving at long last towards really grasping completely cloud-local, which implies you must have containerized cloud-local registering capacities, which are involved microservices that are sent in the system and scaled in all respects effectively from little to vast."

 "The manner in which that I would advance, say, a larger amount IT application like a SAP framework or a charging framework, will be altogether different from the manner in which I would advance a capacity near the system, similar to the versatile center." clarified Nokia's Nick Cadwgan, talking with ZDNet Scale. "We must do it all around astutely, however we must consider the test comprehensively.

 "What's more, I think what we're seeing with our clients is this acknowledgment that they must grasp the cloud and the system together," Cadwgan proceeded, "in the event that they will convey this huge scope of administrations and encounters. Regardless of whether you need to discuss how they convey it, how they have it - there are bunches of terms about focal mists and edge mists - we're going to require more. We're going to require advancement in the system too to influence everything to occur. Also, we need to tie it together."As we've just investigated decently completely here in Scale, an edge processing framework is a group of servers positioned exceptionally near where the information for figuring applications is assembled, so as to limit inactivity. This might be nearer to the client than the hyperscale server farm, and on account of edge small scale server farm suppliers, for example, Hyper IO, directly close by the WTF where you'd hope to locate the base station. It's fairly amusing that 5G would try to move servers from transmitters, while edge designs would supplant them with more servers.

 Draftsmen partaking in 5G are very much aware of the ramifications of Cadwgan's clarion call, to begin seeing the cloud and the center as, maybe, two trunks on a similar elephant. The issues with this engineering start with the subject of where the head - the part that runs things - winds up being found.

 "There's intermingling, and yet, edge and center are unique," proclaims Guru Parulkar, the official executive of the Open Network Foundation (ONF) and the head of the Open Network Laboratory (ON.Lab). Parulkar's commitments to SDN are many, not the least of which is having coordinated the Stanford University venture that prompted the production of OpenFlow, the first - and now, the most widely recognized - open source system for SDN control.

 "We are centering oSo on the off chance that you wind up driving between Los Angeles and Orange County and you are going to haul your hair out as you sit in two hours of traffic, turn on the radio, tune in to a web recording, locate an adjacent corner store or eatery, watch a spilling motion picture, or surf the web through your installed WIFI. Furthermore, realize you merit it since Blackberry adores you — yet they cherish their new income development considerably more!

 Significantly more than earlier years, we saw numerous urban communities where the bearer with the quickest normal download speeds didn't win the honor. We're OK with that. Our speed score endeavors to adjust the majority of the parts of a versatile association: downloads, transfers, accessibility, and idleness. (For more subtleties, see our testing procedure page.) As we get to a reality where we can accept 20Mbps or higher download speeds on 4G in many urban areas, different inquiries emerge: Where are those rates generally steady? Where is the system most responsive, particularly when you're downloading pages made of numerous little records?

 Our tests spread information rates and unwavering quality; we don't make voice calls. Yet, our honors for information administration apply increasingly more to voice, as well. The majority of the transporters other than Sprint currently use voice-over-LTE, funneling their voice calls through their information systems. So the unwavering quality of those LTE information systems converts into the dependability of your HD voice calls, too.

 One year from now, we will have another test: 5G is coming. While the majority of the transporters have constructed fairly comparable 4G systems (well, aside from Sprint's outrageous spotlight on downloads over transfers), they're adopting profoundly extraordinary strategies for 5G. AT&T and Verizon are going for a lot higher speeds over littler territories; T-Mobile is hoping to cover the country, however at slower speeds. While they're all going to call their new systems 5G, it'll resemble they're originating from various universes. For additional, see 4G and 5G: What's Next?

 I don't get this' meaning for picking your remote bearer? We've seen wide, multi-year patterns growing as of late. Verizon and T-Mobile are the reasonable system pioneers for cell phone clients, with T-Mobile's quality coming in transfers, for the internet based life, content-maker swarm. AT&T and Sprint have concentrated on download speeds, so they are best for substance utilization, video gushing, and web perusing.

 In case you're disappointed with your rates and inclusion, consider exchanging your telephone before you switch your transporter. Every one of the four noteworthy bearers have been setting down new innovations as of late that old telephones simply don't bolster. Our story on Why You Need a New Phone clarifies this further.

 National outcomes stand out as truly newsworthy, however we think our city-by-city results will be increasingly significant to you. Verizon won or tied in 20 urban communities/regions, yet different bearers—particularly T-Mobile—won a lot of honors too. We halted by in excess of twelve areas in every one of 30 US urban communities, just as gathering information on the drives between them, to manufacture our city results. Navigate this story, or utilize the route above, to see the outcomes in your very own city or locale.

 Craig Moffett, investigator with MoffettNathanson LLC , redesigned Dish Network LLC (Nasdaq: DISH) from "Sell" to "Nonpartisan" on Thursday, thinking that partakes in the organization have fallen sufficiently far that the cost reflects both an upside hazard should Dish choose to sell its range, and a drawback chance if the organization picks to advance with a costly 5G arrange buildout.

[roundtubebulb]

growing one owing to the increase in number

They have become an integral part of the manufacturing and services units. Pioneer Scientific Instrument Corporation  TM is a well-known Lab Glass Ware Supplier and Manufacturer based in West Bengal, India.. Other purpose that it serves is to hold filter paper while filtering. In the competitive world of today, it has become very necessary to find accurate and reliable means for getting profits. It is designed to hold small volumes of liquids and has a flared lip to provide easy pouring of liquids. 

Hence, many multinationals and SMEs are setting up their own laboratories for accurate measurement, analysis and testing of their products and services to meet the set standards. Graduated Cylinder-It serves as the measuring tool for measuring volumes of liquids. Florence flask -Designed with a narrow neck, this is used for mixing chemicals. Test tube - Made up of either plastic or glass, it is slim in structure.The market for Lab Equipment is a growing one owing to the increase in number of laboratories. There are different types of lab Pet Care packaging suppliers equipment that are used, some of which are listed down below. Beaker tong is used to move heated beakers while the flask tong is used to move heated flasks. 

Pipet -It is used to transfer small amounts of liquids. For more details about the products, you can log on to. Erlenmeyer flask-It holds or heat liquids that can release gases during reaction and are likely to splatter. There are two types of tongs, one is beaker tong and other is flask tong.piscolabglass. There are three sizes in which it is available namely 10, 50 and 100 ml. And, with the mushrooming of research and development centers in both private and public sectors, the demand for laboratory instruments is also poised to grow rapidly. The two types are dropper pipet and graduated pipet. Its offering includes Membrane Filter Assembly, Sintered Glass Buchner Funnel.

Pisco Screw Capped Glassware, Vacuum Pin Tube, Viscometer Tubes, Sintered Filter Disc and much more. Funnel -It is basically used to transfer liquid from one vessel to another.com/. Some of the sectors where the Lab Equipment is required are health care, biotechnology, oil, gas and energy, electrical and others. Using advanced technology and best quality raw materials, it delivers best quality products to its customers. Examples Of Common Laboratory Equipment Beakers-It is used to hold or heat liquids and solids which are unlikely to react and splatter if stirred. The amount is precise thus, allowing for accuracy in measurement. The narrow neck prevents any splashing of chemicals.

[scientific-e-manufacturer]

Convection Tube Manufacturer, Supplier and Exporter in India

Borosilicate Glass tube bent into rectangle fitted with filling funnel.

Glass tube 20 mm outer diameter bent into rectangle approx. 380 x 300 mm fitted with filling funnel.

To show the convection of heat in a liquid.

Contact SEM for your School, College Science Physics Chemistry and Biology Lab Equipments. We are the best and renowned indian biology lab equipments, lab equipment exporters, lab equipments exporter, lab equipments manufacturers, lab instruments manufacturers, laboratory equipment dealer in Ambala, India.

https://www.scientificequipmentsmanufacturer.com/convection-tube

[stalwartint]

Lids For Laboratory Reactors

The laboratory reactor is equipped with a vessel with a wide mouth for convenient loading of components. In this case, the reaction flask must be tightly closed to prevent splashing and reduce heat loss.

The laboratory reactor is equipped with a vessel with a wide mouth for convenient loading of components. In this case, the reaction flask must be tightly closed to prevent splashing and reduce heat loss.

So, the lid serves for:

• tightness of the container;

• isolation of content from the external environment;

• connection of additional equipment to the reactor.

Laboratory reactor covers are usually produced with several outlets for connecting auxiliary devices. Usually these are overhead stirrer, temperature sensor, drip funnel, heaters. Other instruments, measuring devices can also be used.

Caps, like reactors, depending on the purpose of use, are made of different materials:

• laboratory borosilicate glass;

• plastic;

• of stainless steel.

Varieties of cover designs

Suitable lids are available for reaction vessels of different sizes. By the nature and type of reaction, it is necessary to use a certain amount of additional equipment, therefore they differ in the number of outputs. The number of taps in the lids of laboratory reactors ranges from 1 to 5-6, in industrial ones there may be even more. If any of the bends is not used during the task, it is plugged with a plug.

For reactions where a tight connection is required, or vibration is observed in the process, it is recommended to use closing elements with outlets on thin sections or made for screw connections. For the possibility of connecting flexible pipes, hoses, special pipe bends are made.

There are models with a flat rim along the edge, which is needed to fix a special holder on it that secures the lid.

Stirred laboratory reactors: description and application

The result of many technological processes related to chemical reactions, as well as laboratory experiments, depends on the quality of mixing of the components. Reactions go on for some time, and aggregates of a certain type are used to maintain the desired state of substances.

From a design point of view, it is a vertical overhead stirrer reactor. The stirrer shaft is inserted into the center hole of the cover, and when the motor is turned on, the stirrers mix the contents.

The characteristics of the stirrer, such as the type of stirring attachment, engine power, rotation speed, are selected depending on the characteristics of the chemical process.

Application

Stirred laboratory reactors are used in particular for:

• increasing the reaction rate;

• mixing of liquid, pasty, pasty and bulk materials;

• mixing several media into a homogeneous mass,

• ensuring the same temperature throughout the volume.

The solution to these problems is required in various industries: chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, mining, food, etc.

Here are just a few examples of the use of stirred laboratory reactors.

• They are used in processes based on flotation methods for mineral processing or water purification. They are irreplaceable in the development of new products in the cosmetic, perfumery and food industries: creams, perfumes, sauces, drinks.

• Units equipped with a stirrer and heating system are used to monitor the progress of the reaction: they measure the temperature profile, heat distribution over time, enthalpy, etc.

• Agitators are common in leach reactions. In this case, the material of the reaction vessel is important. It must be made of a material that is insensitive to aggressive media, such as polypropylene.

Stalwart International, One of the best Chemical reactor manufacturers in Mumbai

[newstfionline]

The Ultra-Pure, Super-Secret Sand That Makes Your Phone Possible

Vince Beiser, Wired, Aug. 6, 2018

FRESH FROM CHURCH on a cool, overcast Sunday morning in Spruce Pine, North Carolina, Alex Glover slides onto the plastic bench of a McDonald’s booth. He rummages through his knapsack, then pulls out a plastic sandwich bag full of white powder. “I hope we don’t get arrested,” he says. “Someone might get the wrong idea.”

GLOVER IS A recently retired geologist who has spent decades hunting for valuable minerals in the hillsides and hollows of the Appalachian Mountains that surround this tiny town. He is a small, rounded man with little oval glasses, a neat white mustache, and matching hair clamped under a Jeep baseball cap. He speaks with a medium-strength drawl that emphasizes the first syllable and stretches some vowels, such that we’re drinking CAWWfee as he explains why this remote area is so tremendously important to the rest of the world.

Spruce Pine is not a wealthy place. Its downtown consists of a somnambulant train station across the street from a couple of blocks of two-story brick buildings, including a long-closed movie theater and several empty storefronts.

The wooded mountains surrounding it, though, are rich in all kinds of desirable rocks, some valued for their industrial uses, some for their pure prettiness. But it’s the mineral in Glover’s bag--snowy white grains, soft as powdered sugar--that is by far the most important these days. It’s quartz, but not just any quartz. Spruce Pine, it turns out, is the source of the purest natural quartz--a species of pristine sand--ever found on Earth. This ultra-elite deposit of silicon dioxide particles plays a key role in manufacturing the silicon used to make computer chips. In fact, there’s an excellent chance the chip that makes your laptop or cell phone work was made using sand from this obscure Appalachian backwater. “It’s a billion-dollar industry here,” Glover says with a hooting laugh. “Can’t tell by driving through here. You’d never know it.”

In the 21st century, sand has become more important than ever, and in more ways than ever. This is the digital age, in which the jobs we work at, the entertainment we divert ourselves with, and the ways we communicate with one another are increasingly defined by the internet and the computers, tablets, and cell phones that connect us to it. None of this would be possible were it not for sand.

Most of the world’s sand grains are composed of quartz, which is a form of silicon dioxide, also known as silica. High-purity silicon dioxide particles are the essential raw materials from which we make computer chips, fiber-optic cables, and other high-tech hardware--the physical components on which the virtual world runs. The quantity of quartz used for these products is minuscule compared to the mountains of it used for concrete or land reclamation. But its impact is immeasurable.

Spruce Pine’s mineralogical wealth is a result of the area’s unique geologic history and the deposits of what are known as pegmatites. Generally speaking, these pegmatites are about 65 percent feldspar, 25 percent quartz, 8 percent mica, and the rest traces of other minerals, and they lie near the surface.

Native Americans mined the shiny, glittering mica and used it for grave decorations and as currency. American settlers began trickling into the mountains in the 1800s, scratching out a living as farmers. A few prospectors tried their hands at the mica business, but were stymied by the steep mountain geography. “There were no rivers, no roads, no trains. They had to haul the stuff out on horseback,” says David Biddix, a scruffy-haired amateur historian who has written three books about Mitchell County, where Spruce Pine sits.

The region’s prospects started to improve in 1903 when the South and Western Railroad company, in the course of building a line from Kentucky to South Carolina, carved a track up into the mountains, a serpentine marvel that loops back and forth for 20 miles to ascend just 1,000 feet. Once this artery to the outside world was finally opened, mining started to pick up. Locals and wildcatters dug hundreds of shafts and open pits in the mountains of what became known as the Spruce Pine Mining District, a swath of land 25 miles by 10 miles that sprawls over three counties.

Mica used to be prized for wood- and coal-burning stove windows and for electrical insulation in vacuum tube electronics. It’s now used mostly as a specialty additive in cosmetics and things like caulks, sealants, and drywall joint compound. During World War II, demand for mica and feldspar, which are found in tremendous abundance in the area’s pegmatites, boomed. Prosperity came to Spruce Pine. The town quadrupled in size in the 1940s. At its peak, Spruce Pine boasted three movie theaters, two pool halls, a bowling alley, and plenty of restaurants. Three passenger trains came through every day.

Toward the end of the decade, the Tennessee Valley Authority sent a team of scientists to Spruce Pine tasked with further developing the area’s mineral resources. They focused on the money-makers, mica and feldspar. The problem was separating those minerals from the other ones. A typical chunk of Spruce Pine pegmatite looks like a piece of strange but enticing hard candy: mostly milky white or pink feldspar, inset with shiny mica, studded with clear or smoky quartz, and flecked here and there with bits of deep red garnet and other-colored minerals.

For years, locals would simply dig up the pegmatites and crush them with hand tools or crude machines, separating out the feldspar and mica by hand. The quartz that was left over was considered junk, at best fit to be used as construction sand, more likely thrown out with the other tailings.

Working with researchers at North Carolina State University’s Minerals Research Laboratory in nearby Asheville, the TVA scientists developed a much faster and more efficient method to separate out minerals, called froth flotation. “It revolutionized the industry,” Glover says. “It made it evolve from a mom-and-pop individual industry to a mega-multinational corporation industry.”

Froth flotation involves running the rock through mechanical crushers until it’s broken down into a heap of mixed-mineral granules. You dump that mix in a tank, add water to turn it into a milky slurry, and stir well. Next, add reagents--chemicals that bind to the mica grains and make them hydrophobic, meaning they don’t want to touch water. Now pipe a column of air bubbles through the slurry. Terrified of the water surrounding them, the mica grains will frantically grab hold of the air bubbles and be carried up to the top of the tank, forming a froth on the water’s surface. A paddle wheel skims off the froth and shunts it into another tank, where the water is drained out. Voilà: mica.

The remaining feldspar, quartz, and iron are drained from the bottom of the tank and funneled through a series of troughs into the next tank, where a similar process is performed to float out the iron. Repeat, more or less, to remove the feldspar.

IT WAS THE feldspar, which is used in glassmaking, that first attracted engineers from the Corning Glass Company to the area. At the time, the leftover quartz grains were still seen as just unwanted by-products. But the Corning engineers, always on the lookout for quality material to put to work in the glass factories, noticed the purity of the quartz and started buying it as well, hauling it north by rail to Corning’s facility in Ithaca, New York, where it was turned into everything from windows to bottles.

One of Spruce Pine quartz’s greatest achievements in the glass world came in the 1930s, when Corning won a contract to manufacture the mirror for what was to be the world’s biggest telescope, ordered by the Palomar Observatory in Southern California. Making the 200-inch, 20-ton mirror involved melting mountains of quartz in a giant furnace heated to 2,700 degrees Fahrenheit, writes David O. Woodbury in The Glass Giant of Palomar.

Once the furnace was hot enough, “three crews of men, working day and night around the clock, began ramming in the sand and chemicals through a door at one end. So slowly did the ingredients melt that only four tons a day could be added. Little by little the fiery pool spread over the bottom of the furnace and rose gradually to an incandescent lake 50 feet long and 15 wide.” The telescope was installed in the observatory in 1947. Its unprecedented power led to important discoveries about the composition of stars and the size of the universe itself. It is still in use today.

Significant as that telescope was, Spruce Pine quartz was soon to take on a far more important role as the digital age began to dawn.

In the mid-1950s, thousands of miles from North Carolina, a group of engineers in California began working on an invention that would become the foundation of the computer industry. William Shockley, a pathbreaking engineer at Bell Labs who had helped invent the transistor, had left to set up his own company in Mountain View, California, a sleepy town about an hour south of San Francisco, near where he had grown up. Stanford University was nearby, and General Electric and IBM had facilities in the area, as well as a new company called Hewlett-Packard. But the area known at the time as the Santa Clara Valley was still mostly filled with apricot, pear, and plum orchards. It would soon become much better known by a new nickname: Silicon Valley.

At the time, the transistor market was heating up fast. Texas Instruments, Motorola, and other companies were all competing to come up with smaller, more efficient transistors to use in, among other products, computers. The first American computer, dubbed ENIAC, was developed by the army during World War II; it was 100 feet long and 10 feet high, and it ran on 18,000 vacuum tubes.

Transistors, which are tiny electronic switches that control the flow of electricity, offered a way to replace those tubes and make these new machines even more powerful while shrinking their tumid footprint. Semiconductors--a small class of elements, including germanium and silicon, which conduct electricity at certain temperatures while blocking it at others--looked like promising materials for making those transistors.

At Shockley’s startup, a flock of young PhDs began each morning by firing up kilns to thousands of degrees and melting down germanium and silicon. Tom Wolfe once described the scene in Esquire magazine: “They wore white lab coats, goggles, and work gloves. When they opened the kiln doors weird streaks of orange and white light went across their faces . . . they lowered a small mechanical column into the goo so that crystals formed on the bottom of the column, and they pulled the crystal out and tried to get a grip on it with tweezers, and put it under microscopes and cut it with diamond cutters, among other things, into minute slices, wafers, chips; there were no names in electronics for these tiny forms.”

Shockley became convinced that silicon was the more promising material and shifted his focus accordingly. “Since he already had the first and most famous semiconductor research and manufacturing company, everyone who had been working with germanium stopped and switched to silicon,” writes Joel Shurkin in his biography of Shockley, Broken Genius. “Indeed, without his decision, we would speak of Germanium Valley.”

Shockley was a genius, but by all accounts he was also a lousy boss. Within a couple of years, several of his most talented engineers had jumped ship to start their own company, which they dubbed Fairchild Semiconductor. One of them was Robert Noyce, a laid-back but brilliant engineer, only in his mid-20s but already famous for his expertise with transistors.

The breakthrough came in 1959, when Noyce and his colleagues figured out a way to cram several transistors onto a single fingernail-sized sliver of high-purity silicon. At almost the same time, Texas Instruments developed a similar gadget made from germanium. Noyce’s, though, was more efficient, and it soon dominated the market. NASA selected Fairchild’s microchip for use in the space program, and sales soon shot from almost nothing to $130 million a year. In 1968, Noyce left to found his own company. He called it Intel, and it soon dominated the nascent industry of programmable computer chips.

Intel’s first commercial chip, released in 1971, contained 2,250 transistors. Today’s computer chips are often packed with transistors numbering in the billions. Those tiny electronic squares and rectangles are the brains that run our computers, the Internet, and the entire digital world. Google, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, the computer systems that underpin the work of everything from the Pentagon to your local bank--all of this and much more is based on sand, remade as silicon chips.

Making those chips is a fiendishly complicated process. They require essentially pure silicon. The slightest impurity can throw their tiny systems out of whack.

Finding silicon is easy. It’s one of the most abundant elements on Earth. It shows up practically everywhere bound together with oxygen to form SiO2, aka quartz. The problem is that it never occurs naturally in pure, elemental form. Separating out the silicon takes considerable doing.

Step one is to take high-purity silica sand, the kind used for glass. (Lump quartz is also sometimes used.) That quartz is then blasted in a powerful electric furnace, creating a chemical reaction that separates out much of the oxygen. That leaves you with what is called silicon metal, which is about 99 percent pure silicon. But that’s not nearly good enough for high-tech uses. Silicon for solar panels has to be 99.999999 percent pure--six 9s after the decimal. Computer chips are even more demanding. Their silicon needs to be 99.99999999999 percent pure--eleven 9s. “We are talking of one lonely atom of something that is not silicon among billions of silicon companions,” writes geologist Michael Welland in Sand: The Never-Ending Story.

Getting there requires treating the silicon metal with a series of complex chemical processes. The first round of these converts the silicon metal into two compounds. One is silicon tetrachloride, which is the primary ingredient used to make the glass cores of optical fibers. The other is trichlorosilane, which is treated further to become polysilicon, an extremely pure form of silicon that will go on to become the key ingredient in solar cells and computer chips.

Each of these steps might be carried out by more than one company, and the price of the material rises sharply at each step. That first-step, 99 percent pure silicon metal goes for about $1 a pound; polysilicon can cost 10 times as much.

The next step is to melt down the polysilicon. But you can’t just throw this exquisitely refined material in a cook pot. If the molten silicon comes into contact with even the tiniest amount of the wrong substance, it causes a ruinous chemical reaction. You need crucibles made from the one substance that has both the strength to withstand the heat required to melt polysilicon, and a molecular composition that won’t infect it. That substance is pure quartz.

THIS IS WHERE Spruce Pine quartz comes in. It’s the world’s primary source of the raw material needed to make the fused-quartz crucibles in which computer-chip-grade polysilicon is melted. A fire in 2008 at one of the main quartz facilities in Spruce Pine for a time all but shut off the supply of high-purity quartz to the world market, sending shivers through the industry.

Today one company dominates production of Spruce Pine quartz. Unimin, an outfit founded in 1970, has gradually bought up Spruce Pine area mines and bought out competitors, until today the company’s North Carolina quartz operations supply most of the world’s high- and ultra-high-purity quartz. (Unimin itself is now a division of a Belgian mining conglomerate, Sibelco.)

In recent years, another company, the imaginatively titled Quartz Corp, has managed to grab a small share of the Spruce Pine market. There are a very few other places around the world producing high-purity quartz, and many other places where companies are looking hard for more. But Unimin controls the bulk of the trade.

The quartz for the crucibles, like the silicon they will produce, needs to be almost absolutely pure, purged as thoroughly as possible of other elements. Spruce Pine quartz is highly pure to begin with, and purer still after being put through several rounds of froth flotation. But some of the grains may still have what Glover calls interstitial crystalline contamination--molecules of other minerals attached to the quartz molecules.

That’s frustratingly common. “I’ve evaluated thousands of quartz samples from all over the world,” says John Schlanz, chief minerals processing engineer at the Minerals Research Laboratory in Asheville, about an hour from Spruce Pine. “Near all of them have contaminate locked in the quartz grains that you can’t get out.”

Some Spruce Pine quartz is flawed in this way. Those grains are used for high-end beach sand and golf course bunkers--most famously the salt-white traps of Augusta National Golf Club, site of the iconic Masters Tournament. A golf course in the oil-drunk United Arab Emirates imported 4,000 tons of this sand in 2008 to make sure its sand traps were world-class, too.

The very best Spruce Pine quartz, however, has an open crystalline structure, which means that hydrofluoric acid can be injected right into the crystal molecules to dissolve any lingering traces of feldspar or iron, taking the purity up another notch. Technicians take it one step further by reacting the quartz with chlorine or hydrochloric acid at high temperatures, then putting it through one or two more trade-secret steps of physical and chemical processing.

The result is what Unimin markets as Iota quartz, the industry standard of purity. The basic Iota quartz is 99.998 percent pure SiO2. It is used to make things like halogen lamps and photovoltaic cells, but it’s not good enough to make those crucibles in which polysilicon is melted. For that you need Iota 6, or the tip-top of the line, Iota 8, which clocks in at 99.9992 percent purity--meaning for every one billion molecules of SiO , there are only 80 molecules of impurities. Iota 8 sells for up to $10,000 a ton. Regular construction sand, at the other end of the sand scale, can be had for a few dollars per ton.

At his house, Glover shows me some Iota under a microscope. Seen through the instrument’s lens (itself made from a much less pure quartz sand), the jagged little shards are as clear as glass and bright as diamonds.

Unimin sells this ultra-high-purity quartz sand to companies like General Electric, which melts it, spins it, and fuses it into what looks like a salad bowl made of milky glass: the crucible. “It’s safe to say the vast majority of those crucibles are made from Spruce Pine quartz,” Schlanz says.

The polysilicon is placed in those quartz crucibles, melted down, and set spinning. Then a silicon seed crystal about the size of a pencil is lowered into it, spinning in the opposite direction. The seed crystal is slowly withdrawn, pulling behind it what is now a single giant silicon crystal. These dark, shiny crystals, weighing about 220 pounds, are called ingots.

The ingots are sliced into thin wafers. Some are sold to solar cell manufacturers. Ingots of the highest purity are polished to mirror smoothness and sold to a chipmaker like Intel. It’s a thriving multi-billion dollar industry in 2012.

The chipmaker imprints patterns of transistors on the wafer using a process called photolithography. Copper is implanted to link those billions of transistors to form integrated circuits. Even a minute particle of dust can ruin the chip’s intricate circuitry, so all of this happens in what’s called a clean room, where purifiers keep the air thousands of times cleaner than a hospital operating room. Technicians dress in an all-covering white uniform affectionately known as a bunny suit. To ensure the wafers don’t get contaminated during manufacture, many of the tools used to move and manipulate them are, like the crucibles, made from high-purity quartz.

The wafers are then cut into tiny, unbelievably thin quadrangular chips--computer chips, the brains inside your mobile phone or laptop. The whole process requires hundreds of precise, carefully controlled steps. The chip that results is easily one of the most complicated man-made objects on Earth, yet made with the most common stuff on Earth: humble sand.

The total amount of high-purity quartz produced worldwide each year is estimated at 30,000 tons--less than the amount of construction sand produced in the United States every hour. (And even construction sand is in high demand; there’s a thriving black market in the stuff.) Only Unimin knows exactly how much Spruce Pine quartz is produced, because it doesn’t publish any production figures. It is an organization famously big on secrecy. “Spruce Pine used to be mom-and-pop operations,” Schlanz says. “When I first worked up there, you could just walk into any of the operations. You could just go across the street and borrow a piece of equipment.”

NOWADAYS UNIMIN WON’T even allow staff of the Minerals Research Laboratory inside the mines or processing facilities. Contractors brought in to do repair work have to sign confidentiality agreements. Whenever possible, vice-president Richard Zielke recently declared in court papers, the company splits up the work among different contractors so that no individual can learn too much.

Unimin buys equipment and parts from multiple vendors for the same reason. Glover has heard of contractors being blindfolded inside the processing plants until they arrive at the specific area where their jobs are and of an employee who was fired on the spot for bringing someone in without authorization. He says the company doesn’t even allow its employees to socialize with those of their competitors.

It was hard to check out Glover’s stories, because Unimin wouldn’t talk to me. Unlike most big corporations, its website lists no contact for a press spokesperson or public relations representative. Several emails to their general inquiries address went unanswered. When I called the company’s headquarters in Connecticut, the woman who answered the phone seemed mystified by the concept of a journalist wanting to ask questions.

She put me on hold for a few minutes, then came back to tell me the company has no PR department, but that if I faxed (faxed!) her my questions, someone might get back to me. Eventually I got in touch with a Unimin executive who asked me to send her my questions by email. I did so. The response: “Unfortunately, we are not in a position to provide answers at this point in time.”

So I tried the direct approach. Like all the quartz mining and processing facilities in the area, Unimin’s Schoolhouse Quartz Plant, set in a valley amid low, thickly treed hills, is surrounded by a barbed-wire-topped fence. Security isn’t exactly at the level of Fort Knox, but the message is clear.

One Saturday morning I go to take a look at the plant with David Biddix. We park across the street from the gate. A sign warns that the area is under video surveillance, and that neither guns nor tobacco are allowed inside. As soon as I hop out to snap a few photos, a matronly woman in a security guard uniform popped out of the gatehouse. “Watcha doin’?” she asks conversationally. I give her my friendliest smile and tell her I am a journalist writing a book about sand, including about the importance of the quartz sand in this very facility. She takes that all in skeptically, and asks me to call Unimin’s local office the following Monday to get permission.

“Sure, I’ll do that,” I say. “I just want to take a look, as long as I’m here.” “Well, please don’t take pictures,” she says. There isn’t much to see--some piles of white sand, a bunch of metal tanks, a redbrick building near the gate--so I agree. She lumbers back inside. I put away my camera and pull out my notebook. That brings her right back out.

“You don’t look like a terrorist”--she laughs apologetically--”but these days you never know. I’m asking you to leave before I get grumpy.”

“I understand,” I say. “I just want to take a few notes. And anyway, this is a public road. I have the right to be here.”

That really displeased her. “I’m doing my job,” she snaps. “I’m doing mine,” I reply.

“All right, I’m taking notes, too,” she declares. “And if anything happens . . .” Leaving the consequences unspecified, she strides over to my rental car and officiously writes down its license plate number, then asks for the name of “my companion” in the passenger seat. I don’t want to get Biddix in any trouble, so I politely decline, hop in, and drive off.

IF YOU REALLY want a sense of how zealously Unimin guards its trade secrets, ask Tom Gallo. He used to work for the company, and then for years had his life ruined by it.

Gallo is a small, lean man in his 50s, originally from New Jersey. He relocated to North Carolina when he was hired by Unimin in 1997. His first day on the job, he was handed a confidentiality agreement; he was surprised at how restrictive it was and didn’t think it was fair. But there he was, way out in Spruce Pine, with all his possessions in a moving truck, his life in New Jersey already left behind. So he signed it.

Gallo worked for Unimin in Spruce Pine for 12 years. When he left, he signed a noncompete agreement that forbade him from working for any of the company’s competitors in the high-purity quartz business for five years. He and his wife moved to Asheville and started up an artisanal pizza business, which they dubbed Gallolea--his last name plus that of a friend who had encouraged him.

It was a rough go. The pizza business was never a big money-maker, and it was soon hit with a lawsuit over its name from the E. & J. Gallo Winery. Gallo spent thousands of dollars fighting the suit--it’s his name, after all--but eventually decided the prudent course would be to give up and change the company’s name. The five-year noncompete term had run out by then, so when a small startup quartz company, I-Minerals, called to offer Gallo a consulting gig, he gladly accepted. I-Minerals put out a press release bragging about the hire and touting Gallo’s expertise.

That turned to be a big mistake. Unimin promptly filed a lawsuit against Gallo and I-Minerals, accusing them of trying to steal Unimin’s secrets. “There was no call, no cease-and-desist order, no investigation,” Gallo says. “They filed a 150-page brief against me on the basis of a press release.”

Over the next several years, Gallo spent tens of thousands of dollars fighting the suit. “That’s how billion-dollar corporations terrify people,” he says. “I had to take money out of my 401(k) to defend myself against this totally baseless lawsuit. We were afraid we would lose our house. It was terrifying. You can’t imagine how many sleepless nights my wife and I have had.” His pizza business collapsed. “When Unimin filed suit, we had just gotten over the Gallo thing. It was the sledgehammer that broke the camel’s back. We’d worked on it for five years. It was more than we could handle emotionally, psychologically, and financially.”

Unimin eventually lost the case, appealed it to federal court, and finally dropped it. I-Minerals and Gallo separately countersued Unimin, calling its suit an abuse of the judicial process aimed at harassing a potential competitor. Unimin eventually agreed to pay an undisclosed sum to have the suits withdrawn. Under the terms of the settlement, Gallo can’t disclose the details, but says bitterly, “When you get sued by a big corporation, you lose no matter what.”

For all the wealth that comes out of the ground in the Spruce Pine area, not much of it stays there. Today the mines are all owned by foreign corporations. They’re highly automated, so they don’t need many workers. “Now there’s maybe 25 or 30 people on a shift, instead of 300,” Biddix says. The area’s other jobs are vanishing. “We had seven furniture factories here when I was a kid,” he says. “We had knitting mills making blue jeans and nylons. They’re all gone.”

Median household income in Mitchell County, where Spruce Pine sits, is just over $37,000, far below the national average of $51,579. Twenty percent of the county’s 15,000 people, almost all of whom are white, live below the poverty line. Fewer than one in seven adults has a college degree.

People find ways to get by. Glover has a side business growing Christmas trees on his property. Biddix makes his living running the website of a nearby community college.

One of the few new sources of jobs are several huge data processing centers that have opened up in the area. Attracted by the cheap land, Google, Apple, Microsoft, and other tech companies have all opened up server farms within an hour’s drive of Spruce Pine.

In a sense, Spruce Pine’s quartz has come full circle. “When you talk to Siri, you’re talking to a building here at the Apple center,” Biddix says.

I pull out my iPhone and ask Siri if she knows where her silicon brains came from.

“Who, me?” she replies the first time. I try again.

“I’ve never really thought about it,” she says.

From THE WORLD IN A GRAIN by Vince Beiser. Published by arrangement with Riverhead Books, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. Copyright © 2018 by Vince Beiser.

[flexilicate7]

Glass Tubing Manufacturer is a company that specializes in selling scientific equipment

This post is about the glass tubing manufacturer of the company. We will discuss what they do, who they are, and their more popular items of glass products.

 The Glass Tubing Manufacturer is a company that specializes in selling scientific equipment to laboratories, schools, or any other companies that need this type of equipment for their specific needs. They have been supplying these types of industries with high-quality products at affordable prices for over years.

 For instance, they have provided school systems with laboratory glassware such as graduated cylinders, beakers, and test tubes.

 They have also supplied labs and schools with flasks and graduated cylinders. These lab flasks and graduated cylinders are made of borosilicate glass which is one of the most popular types of glass tubing. It is an extremely high-quality type of glass that resists breaking and cracking, which makes it easier to handle even in extreme temperatures like those found in a hot laboratory corner or a cold garage or basement during winter months.

 They have also provided many other kinds of science equipment such as thermometers, beakers, funnels ,etc.

 This company has also provided many other supplies to the pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry, and research institutes.

 They provide equipment ranging from simple to high-tech equipment. This is because the company often uses the latest technologies to create new products for their customers. They have been developing and innovating new products for over a decade with purpose to bring about a better working environment.

 They wanted to create a laboratory or school that is more efficient and productive with their latest products. They have worked tirelessly to be one of the leading laboratory suppliers in their field.

 This company has many customers located all over the world, which range from small laboratories to large corporations. They have customers that are located in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa among others. They have been able to provide these companies with high-quality products at reasonable prices. Many of these laboratories and schools feature this type of glass tubing because it is the best technology out there to ensure that labs run smoothly and efficiently.

 They have been able to make their products and services available and affordable to these laboratories and schools. They have helped the schools and laboratories achieve success in their industries by providing them with top-of-the-line equipment.

 As the company continues to grow, they will continue to provide their customers with high quality products at affordable prices. They are determined to succeed in this industry to provide their customers with the best service possible.

[groovedfittings]

Grooved Fittings- An Effective Pipe Joining Strategy

For over 85 years, the grooved mechanical funnelling technique is used in the business building industry. Builders and manufacturers are using this technique to ease the work of their workers and complete the process with perfection. But still, some owners misjudge the technique and prefer using other pipe joining techniques.

 In this post, we will explain groove fittings work and the benefits of using them.

 Working of groove pipe joining technology 

 A groove pipe joint is small but is made of four components- the scored pipe, the gasket, the coupling lodging, and the stray pieces. The notch (U-shape) in the groove fittings are made by machining a depression into the pipe closes. The gasket along with the coupling lodging shapes the seal on the two pipes closes. And finally, the areas covered by coupling lodging draw in the scores.

The physical plan of the fittings provides a large portion of the advantages.

Benefits of using grooved fittings as a pipe joining strategy

 Increases the speed of the work

 The other two pipe joining techniques preferably used by builders and manufacturers are welded joints and flanged joints. But these two techniques take more time to complete pipe joining job as compared to grove fittings. Also, they offer restrictive establishments and prevent the workers to use their innovations during pipe fitting.

 Easy to use and maintain 

 The structure of the grooved frameworks requires less care and makes it easy for the worker to use. Due to the perfect outline of the grooved mechanism, the workers can work with less access. On the other hand, the other pipe joining strategies are poorly structured and require large-level accessibility for completion and maintenance.

 Offers noteworthy design flexibility 

 Welded joints and flanged joints are fixed with no or little flexibility. You cannot change or improvise the frameworks with these two pipe joining techniques. But with grooved fittings, flexibility is granted. The grooved fittings offer 360 degrees of rotational development amid the establishment. With this, it’s easy to perform changes nearby.

 Reduces the manufacturing cost

 The grooved fittings reduce the cost in the manufacturing unit in different ways:

 ·         As compared to welded joints, the work time is less so the labor cost is reduced, which is the biggest cost variable in this field.

 ·         The grooved fittings are environment-friendly so they decrease or purge waste and noise pollution at the worksite.

 ·         With no use of weld and x-ray machines, the draw on loaded power assets is reduced.

·         Lastly, the grooved joining strategy does not discharge exhaust or particulate matter, so the indoor and open-air quality is maintained.

 Why should you use stainless steel grooved fittings?

 Stainless steel grooved fittings are preferably used by the builders and other manufacturers because they are:

Corrosion-resistant

Temperature-resistant

Maintenance-free

Durable

Easy     to use

Affordable

Sustainable

  Other than the material, you should check the UL listing before purchase. According to experts, you should always purchase UL Stainless Steel Grooved Fittings.  

 Underwriter Laboratories or UL is the world’s best known independent product safety certification organization. UL-certification means the product is verified as being fully compliant with a set of rules governing the product.

 By now you might have understood that grooved fittings are really an effective pipe joining strategy.

[elabcart]

Most-prominent leading manufacturer, supplier and exporter that engaged in the commerce of supplying different types of laboratory glassware’s those are in high requisition in the market. These comprise beakers, funnels, conical flasks, apparatus, plastic lab glassware, lab college kit, condenser, clamp, dish, safety tongs, triangle fused, bottle bod, dish evaporating, burette automatic, cylinder graduated a lot more. You will find immense range of qualitative and quantitative laboratory glassware’s and all the designs are made under expert supervision of our manufacturing team who consistently are striving to bring the best from that for the customers. You can easily buy and sell these glassware’s only on elabcart and for information you can visit

https://www.elabcart.com/category/Laboratory-Glassware

[schoolsciencelabequipment]

School Science Lab Equipment For Safe Experiments

School Science Lab Equipment For Safe Experiments

Young minds are naturally inquisitive; they have an innate curiosity about all things around them. Natural things or man-made things all make them wonder and the urge to explore them increases.

Our TVET Lab Equipements Supplier staunchly supports the love for science and would appreciate it if their parents, teachers, and facilitators actively participate in the same.

Various benefits shall accrue-

·Laying a strong foundation for scientific thinking

The simplest of activities when they are well explained to the children stimulate their minds in the right direction. Children start rationalizing and understanding the logic of how things work around them.

Advancement of skills

Science provides a strong foundation in terms of what is to be learned and how it’s to be learned that fosters various other skills in young minds.

Love for science is initiated

Tap into their natural predisposition at an early age and we can develop a positive approach in them towards science that will continue lifelong. Science should not be considered as a mere subject but a constructive tool to discover, explore, and much more.

We manufacture School Science Lab Equipment and provide premium quality equipment for chemistry labs. The most prominent feature of a science lab is that it should be protected. We are the best School Science Lab Equipments Manufacturer providing all the essential safety equipment for the school science lab.

To begin with-Basic School Science Lab Equipments

Safety Goggles- they are required to be worn all the time in chemistry labs to provide full eye protection while experimenting. A tiny droplet of acid if splashed out accidentally from the container can cause intense damage to your eyes. It is better to be safe than sorry and hence guard your eyes with School Science Apparatus.

Latex Gloves- We also recommend that alongside safety goggles, latex gloves and lap aprons are used at all times while working in the laboratory. We are the no. 1 School Science Lab Equipment Supplier to countries all over the world. Our Latex Gloves are made of premium quality and cost-effective too.

Beakers- The most commonly used apparatus in chemistry labs is a beaker. Few noteworthy features of the beakers manufactured by us are-

· We manufacture lab beakers which are made with Borosilicate glass. This provides much greater heat resistance than Pyrex liquid measuring cups.

· The beakers manufactured by us have a strong resistance to strong acids, alkalis, and thermal shocks. Thus keeping you safe from any mishaps or unforeseen incidents.

Test Tubes- As beakers are widely used in chemistry labs, so are test tubes. With our intensive research and development, we have carved a niche by becoming the most well known School Science Lab Instruments Exporter. We manufacture the premium most test tubes in various sizes mostly, in the range of 50mm to 250 mm in length and 13mm and 20 mm in width. We manufacture both glass and plastic test tubes and supply them to various schools across the globe.

We understand that when school, college, and university students work in chemistry labs, they are prone to harsh chemicals that can pose a serious threat to their lives. For this very purpose, we understand the value of safe and premium quality Lab Accessories.

While experimenting in a chemistry laboratory many types of equipment are needed to measure the quantity, temperature, and volume of the liquids. We are the trusted name for the School Science Lab Equipment Exporter for the high-quality precision thermometers, graduated cylinders, and pipettes for the measurements that are designed and manufactured by us.

Balances and Scales- Balances and Scales are needed in a school science lab for accurate measurement of a precise quantity of chemicals, acids, and salts, that are to be used, in experimentation in a chemistry laboratory.

Funnel- An extremely important piece of equipment to guide liquid or powder into a small opening. We manufacture and export various types of funnels that suit the requirements of different laboratory works. We manufacture funnels made of good quality glass material.

Bunsen Burner- A must needed equipment in a chemical laboratory to heat a substance to a lot of high temperature in a short time. One has to be very attentive while burning highly inflammable solvents on it. We manufacture bunsen burners that undergo various safety procedures so that they are extremely safe to be used. Your safety at all times is a must for us, and we ensure to take all steps for the same.

Chemistry Lab Equipment and Physics Lab Equipment need to be of high graded quality for the successful experimentation and keeping the ones who are experimenting safe and sound. Many chemicals or materials used in the lab prove to be harmful if used negligently. Be on guard by following all the necessary safety protocols. We always endeavored to provide the safest lab equipment to ensure your safety, well being, and well-guarded experiments.

Source URL: https://aticolabexport.com/blog/school-science-lab-equipment-for-safe-experiments

[orbemnews]

How the Search for Covid-19 Treatments Faltered While Vaccines Sped Ahead Nearly a year into the coronavirus pandemic, as thousands of patients are dying every day in the United States and widespread vaccination is still months away, doctors have precious few drugs to fight the virus. A handful of therapies — remdesivir, monoclonal antibodies and the steroid dexamethasone — have improved the care of Covid patients, putting doctors in a better position than they were when the virus surged last spring. But these drugs are not cure-alls and they’re not for everyone, and efforts to repurpose other drugs, or discover new ones, have not had much success. The government poured $18.5 billion into vaccines, a strategy that resulted in at least five effective products at record-shattering speed. But its investment in drugs was far smaller, about $8.2 billion, most of which went to just a few candidates, such as monoclonal antibodies. Studies of other drugs were poorly organized. The result was that many promising drugs that could stop the disease early, called antivirals, were neglected. Their trials have stalled, either because researchers couldn’t find enough funding or enough patients to participate. At the same time, a few drugs have received sustained investment despite disappointing results. There’s now a wealth of evidence that the malaria drugs hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine did not work against Covid. And yet there are still 179 clinical trials with 169,370 patients in which at least some are receiving the drugs, according to the Covid Registry of Off-label & New Agents at the University of Pennsylvania. And the federal government funneled tens of millions of dollars into an expanded access program for convalescent plasma, infusing almost 100,000 Covid patients before there was any robust evidence that it worked. In January, those trials revealed that, at least for hospitalized patients, it doesn’t. The lack of centralized coordination meant that many trials for Covid antivirals were doomed from the start — too small and poorly designed to provide useful data, according to Dr. Janet Woodcock, the acting commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. If the government had instead set up an organized network of hospitals to carry out large trials and quickly share data, researchers would have many more answers now. “I blame myself to some extent,” said Dr. Woodcock, who has overseen the federal government’s efforts to develop Covid drugs. She hopes to tame the chaos with a new effort from the Biden administration. In the next couple of months, she said, the government plans to start large and well-organized trials for existing drugs that could be repurposed to fight Covid-19. “We are actively working on that,” Dr. Woodcock said. Brand-new antiviral drugs might also help, but only now is the National Institutes of Health putting together a major initiative to develop them, meaning they won’t be ready in time to fight the current pandemic. “This effort will be unlikely to provide therapeutics in 2021,” Dr. Francis Collins, the head of the N.I.H., said in a statement. “If there is a Covid-24 or Covid-30 coming, we want to be prepared.” Even as the number of cases and deaths have surged around the country, the survival rate of those who are infected has improved significantly. A recent study found that by June, the mortality rates of those hospitalized had dropped to 9 percent from 17 percent at the start of the pandemic, a trend that has been echoed in other studies. Researchers say the improvement is partly because of the steroid dexamethasone, which boosts survival rates of severely ill patients by tamping down the immune system rather than blocking the virus. Patients may also be seeking care earlier in the course of the illness. And masks and social distancing may reduce viral exposure. When the new coronavirus emerged as a global threat in early 2020, doctors frantically tried an assortment of existing drugs. But the only way to know if they actually worked was to set up large clinical trials in which some people received placebos, and others took the drug in question. Getting hundreds or thousands of people into such trials was a tremendous logistical challenge. In early 2020, the N.I.H. narrowed its focus to just a few promising drugs. That support led to the swift authorization of remdesivir and monoclonal antibodies. Remdesivir, which stops viruses from replicating inside cells, can modestly shorten the time patients need to recover, but has no effect on mortality. Monoclonal antibodies, which stop the virus from entering cells, can be very potent, but only when given before people are sick enough to be hospitalized. Hundreds of hospitals and universities began their own trials of existing drugs — already deemed safe and widely manufactured — that might also work against the coronavirus. But most of these trials were small and disorganized. In many cases, researchers have been left on their own to set up trials without the backing of the federal government or pharmaceutical companies. In April, as New York City was in the throes of a Covid surge, Charles Mobbs, a neuroscientist at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, heard about some intriguing work in France hinting at the effectiveness of an antipsychotic drug. Doctors at French psychiatric hospitals had noticed that relatively few patients became ill with Covid-19 compared with the staff members who cared for them. The researchers speculated that the drugs the patients were taking could be protecting them. One of those drugs, the antipsychotic chlorpromazine, had been shown in laboratory experiments to prevent the coronavirus from multiplying. Updated  Jan. 30, 2021, 3:17 a.m. ET The doctors tried to start a trial of chlorpromazine, but the pandemic ebbed — temporarily, it turned out — in France by the time they were ready. Dr. Mobbs then spent weeks making arrangements for a trial of his own on patients hospitalized at Mount Sinai, only to hit the same wall. “We ran out of patients,” he said. If doctors like Dr. Mobbs could tap into nationwide networks of hospitals, they would be able to find enough patients to run their trials quickly. Those networks exist, but they were not opened up for drug-repurposing efforts. Many scientists suspect that the best time to fight the coronavirus is early in an infection, when the virus is multiplying quickly. But it’s particularly hard to recruit trial volunteers who are not in a hospital. Researchers have to track down people right after they’ve tested positive and find a way to deliver the trial drugs to them. At the University of Kentucky, researchers began such a trial in May to test a drug called camostat, which is normally used to treat inflammation of the pancreas. The scientists thought it might also work as a Covid-19 antiviral because it destroys a protein that the virus depends on to infect human cells. Because camostat comes in pill form, rather than an infusion, it would be especially useful for people like the trial volunteers, many of whom lived in remote rural areas. But the researchers have spent the past eight months trying to recruit enough participants. They have had trouble finding patients who have recently received a Covid diagnosis, especially with the unpredictable rise and fall of cases. “This has been the source of the delays for essentially all of the trials around the world,” said Dr. James Porterfield, an infectious disease clinician at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine, who is leading the trial. While doctors like Dr. Porterfield have struggled to carry out studies on their own, a few drugs have become sensations, praised as cure-alls despite a lack of evidence. The first supposed panacea was hydroxychloroquine, a drug developed for malaria. Television pundits claimed it had healing powers, as did President Trump. Rather than start one large, well-designed trial across many hospitals, doctors began a swarm of small trials. “There was no coordination, and no centralized leadership,” said Ilan Schwartz, an infectious disease expert at the University of Alberta. Nevertheless, the F.D.A. gave the drug an emergency clearance as a treatment for people hospitalized with Covid. When large clinical trials finally did begin delivering results, it turned out that the drug provided no benefit — and might even do harm. The agency withdrew its authorization in June. Many scientists were left embittered, considering all that work a waste of precious time and resources. “The clear, unambiguous and compelling lesson from the hydroxychloroquine story for the medical community and the public is that science and politics do not mix,” Dr. Michael Saag of University of Alabama at Birmingham wrote in November in the New England Journal of Medicine. Now another drug is becoming popular before there’s strong evidence that it works: the parasite-killing compound ivermectin. Senator Ron Johnson, Republican of Wisconsin, who extolled hydroxychloroquine in April, held a hearing in December where Dr. Pierre Kory testified about ivermectin. Dr. Kory, a pulmonary and critical care specialist at Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center in Milwaukee at the time, called it “effectively a ‘miracle drug’ against Covid-19.” Yet there are no published results from large-scale clinical trials to support such claims, only small, suggestive ones. Even if the federal government had set up a centralized trial network, as it is trying to do now, scientists would have still faced some unavoidable hurdles. It takes time to do careful experiments to discover promising drugs and then to confirm that they’re really worth investigating further. “In drug development, we’re used to 10-to-15-year runways,” said Sumit K. Chanda, a virologist at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute in La Jolla, Calif. In February, Dr. Chanda and his colleagues began a different kind of search for a Covid-19 antiviral. They screened a library of 13,000 drugs, mixing each drug with cells and coronaviruses to see if they stopped infections. A few drugs proved promising. The researchers tested one of them — a cheap leprosy pill called clofazimine — over several months, doing experiments in human lung tissue and hamsters. Clofazimine fought off the virus in the animals if they received it soon after being infected. Now, nearly a year after he started his research, Dr. Chanda is hoping he can get funding for the most difficult part of drug testing: large and randomized clinical trials that can cost millions of dollars. To complete this stage efficiently, researchers almost always need the backing of a large company or the federal government, or both — as happened with the large clinical trials for the new coronavirus vaccines. It’s unclear how the Biden administration’s new drug-testing effort will choose which drug candidates to support. But if trials begin in the next few months, it’s possible they could reveal useful data by the end of the year. Pharmaceutical companies are also beginning to fund some trials of repurposed drugs. A study published this week in Science found that a 24-year-old cancer drug called plitidepsin is 27 times more potent than remdesivir at halting the coronavirus in lab experiments. In October, a Spanish drug company called PharmaMar reported promising results from a small safety trial of plitidepsin. Now the company is preparing to start a late-stage trial in Spain to see if the drug works compared with a placebo. The pharma giant Merck is running a large, late-stage trial on a pill called molnupiravir, originally developed by Ridgeback Biotherapeutics for influenza, which has been shown to cure ferrets of Covid-19. The trial’s first results could emerge as early as March. Experts are particularly eager to see this data because molnupiravir may be effective in treating more than just Covid-19. In April, scientists found that the drug could also treat mice infected with other coronaviruses that cause SARS and MERS. Any antivirals that may emerge in 2021 won’t save the lives already lost to Covid-19. But it’s possible that one of those drugs may work against coronavirus pandemics to come. Noah Weiland and Katie Thomas contributed reporting. Source link Orbem News #Ahead #Covid19 #Faltered #Search #Sped #treatments #Vaccines